Tandem vision window and media display device

Abstract

Disclosed herein are systems, devices, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable media relating to display constructions (1, 2, 3) coupled to a structure (e.g., a vision window (123)). The structure can be a support structure, such as a fixture. The display constructions (1, 2, 3) are configured to facilitate media display and are at least partially transparent. The vision window (123) can be a tintable window, for example, a window whose tint is electrically controllable (e.g., an electrochromic window). Various interactive functions (e.g., via a touchscreen) with the display constructions (1, 2, 3) are disclosed.

Description

Related Applications

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 911,271, filed October 5, 2019, entitled "Tandem Vision Window and Transparent Display"; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 952,207, filed December 20, 2019, entitled "Tandem Vision Window and Transparent Display"; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 975,706, filed February 12, 2020, entitled "Tandem Vision Window and Media Display"; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 085,254, filed September 30, 2020, entitled "Tandem Vision Window and Media Display", and (i) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 607,618, filed December 19, 2017, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology Field"; (ii) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 523,606, filed June 22, 2017, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology"; (iii) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 507,704, filed May 17, 2017, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology"; (iv) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 506,514, filed May 15, 2017, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology"; and (v) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 490, filed April 26, 2017, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology"This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 608,157, filed on October 24, 2019, which claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT / US18 / 29476, filed on April 25, 2018, titled "Displays For Tintable Windows", each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.,

Background Art

[0002] Various facilities (e.g., buildings) have windows installed, for example, on the facade. Windows provide a way to view the external environment of the facility. In some facilities, the windows may occupy a significant portion of the facility's facade. Users may require using the surface area of the window to view various media (e.g., for entertainment purposes, for data processing, and / or for conducting video conferences). Sometimes, users may want to optimize the use of the inner space (e.g., by using the surface of the window) to visualize the media. The media can be electronic media and / or optical media. Users can require viewing the media with minimal impact on visibility from the window. The media can be displayed via at least a partially transparent display device. Sometimes, viewing the media may require a colored (e.g., darker) background. Sometimes, users may want to shade the inner perimeter. Sometimes, the lifespan of a media display device (e.g., an OLED display device) may be damaged over time by, for example, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, heat, and atmospheric components. Such hazards can reduce the long-term use of the media display device. Sometimes, users may want to expand the external view using overlays, augmented reality, and / or lighting. The present invention provides solutions to this problem and other problems.,

Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aspects disclosed herein are display device constructs coupled to a window (e.g., a viewing window such as a colorable window). The viewing window may include an integral glass unit. The display device construct may include one or more glass panes. The display device may include a display matrix. The display matrix may include, for example, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are at least partially transparent. The display device may include a liquid crystal display (LCD).

[0004] In another aspect, at least a portion of the window surface within a facility is utilized to display various media using a glass display device construct. The display device can be used to view, for example, the external environment (e.g., the outdoor environment) of the window (e.g., at least partially) when the display device is not operating. The external viewing can be enhanced by using the display device for (e.g., optical) overlays, augmented reality, and / or illumination (e.g., the display device can function as a light source). For example, since the media screen occupies at least a portion of the space where the window is installed, using the window surface portion in this way can optimize the efficient use of space inside the facility (e.g., a room within the facility).

[0005] In another aspect, a viewing (e.g., colorable) window is used (e.g., as a background) to assist in shading and / or contrast of the display device structure. The shading may be on the outside of the display device structure (e.g., in a direction away from the viewer). The support structure portion behind the display device structure can be shaded or shadable (e.g., using a colorable window or a colored window). The viewing window can be active (e.g., colorable) or passive. For example, the viewing window can include a color that cannot be (e.g., controllably and / or electronically) changed. The viewing window can include a color (e.g., shading) that (i) cannot be electronically changed and / or (ii) can be optically changed (e.g., due to irradiation of the viewing window by external lighting such as sunlight and / or streetlights). Shading can include a phosphor coating, application of a black pigment, and / or glass coloring. The coloring (e.g., shading) can be static or dynamic (e.g., using colorable glass). The shading may or may not be electronically controlled. The shading can be passive. The color (e.g., shading) can be transparent or opaque. The color can be a visible color (e.g., including any color of the rainbow such as blue or yellow. For example, the color can be brown, gray, or black). The color can be at least partially transparent. A transparent color can facilitate the transition of a significant portion (e.g., more than about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, or 95%) of the intensity and / or wavelength perceived by the average human eye, or the color can be completely transparent (e.g., compared to the perception of the average human eye). The shading can be disposed on the back side of the display device structure (e.g., as an additional and / or laminated layer). The back side of the display device structure is the side opposite the viewer side (e.g., the surface of the display device structure 101 facing the window 102 (a partial view is shown)). The shading can be structurally disposed (e.g., a wall, plate, or window coupled to and disposed behind the display device structure such as in FIGS. 1, 102, etc.) coupled to the display device structure and disposed behind the display device structure.

[0006] In another aspect, the display device structure may include materials (e.g., as a background) for assisting in shading and / or contrast of the media displayed as part of the display device structure. The shading may be outside the transparent display device. The materials may be incorporated into a polymer, resin, and / or glass as part of the display device structure.

[0007] In another aspect, the materials (e.g., within the viewing window and / or within the media structure) extend the life of the transparent display device.

[0008] In another aspect, the display device can be controlled separately or together with the control of the colorable window (e.g., by a separate controller or by the same controller).

[0009] In another aspect, the viewing system includes a viewing (e.g., colorable) window having at least a see-through state and a colored state, and a display device structure configured to display and / or operate electronic media, the display device structure being disposed adjacent to and aligned with the viewing (e.g., colorable) window such that a user can view (i) the display device structure and (ii) through the viewing (e.g., colorable) window (e.g., when at least the colorable window is in the see-through state), and the display device structure is at least partially transparent.

[0010] In some embodiments, the visual recognition is of the external environment outside a viewing (e.g., colorable) window. In some embodiments, the visual recognition is of media projected by a display device structure. In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a network that transmits electronic media. In some embodiments, the network is communicatively coupled to a building management system. In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to one or more controllers that control the display of electronic media by the display device structure. In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a first controller, and the viewing (e.g., colorable) window is communicatively coupled to a second controller. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are the same controller. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are different controllers communicatively coupled. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are communicatively coupled to a third controller. In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a first controller (e.g., a timing controller) disposed in a window frame that houses the viewing (e.g., colorable) window. In some embodiments, the display device structure is electrically coupled to a power source disposed on a fixture of a building adjacent to the viewing (e.g., colorable) window. In some embodiments, the fixture of the building is a wall, ceiling, floor, or window frame that houses the viewing (e.g., colorable) window. In some embodiments, the display device structure is electrically coupled to a power source disposed at the shortest distance from the display device structure, and the shortest distance is at least about 15 feet. In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a controller (e.g., a timing controller) that controls the display device structure, and this controller is disposed at the shortest distance from the display device structure, and the shortest distance is at least about 5 feet. In some embodiments, the colorable window includes an electrochromic glass structure.In some embodiments, the display device structure includes a first glass pane, a second glass pane, and a display matrix (e.g., an optical array) disposed between the first glass pane and the second glass pane. In some embodiments, the display matrix includes a light-emitting diode (LED) array. In some embodiments, the display matrix includes a transparent organic light-emitting diode (TOLED) array. In some embodiments, the display matrix has at least about 2000 pixels on its basic length scale. In some embodiments, the basic length scale of the display matrix is the height or width of the display matrix. In some embodiments, the display matrix is a high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution display matrix. In some embodiments, the display device structure is coupled to a viewing (e.g., colorable) window by a fastener. In some embodiments, the fastener includes a hinge, a bracket, or a cover. In some embodiments, the hinge is (i) connected to a bracket connected to the display device structure and (ii) connected to a cover connected to a fixture, and this hinge facilitates the rotation of the display device structure around the hinge joint with respect to the fixture. In some embodiments, the hinge is (i) reversibly connected to a bracket irreversibly connected to the display device structure and (ii) reversibly connected to a cover reversibly connected to a fixture, and this hinge facilitates the rotation of the display device structure around the hinge joint with respect to the fixture. In some embodiments, the cover includes a swivel portion that can be reversibly opened and closed. In some embodiments, the circuit and / or wiring is hidden from the viewer by the cover, and the circuit and / or wiring can be at least partially exposed by opening the swivel portion. In some embodiments, when the display device structure projects media with the colorable window in its darkest color state, the user cannot see (i) the display device structure and (ii) through the colorable window. In some embodiments, the color level of the colorable window takes into account the position of the sun, weather conditions, the transmittance of light through the colorable window, and / or the readings of one or more sensors.In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more sensors is disposed outside a building having a colorable window disposed therein. In some embodiments, the weather conditions include any cloud cover. In some embodiments, the light transmittance through the colorable window relates to the external light impinging on the viewing (e.g., colorable) window. In some embodiments, the light transmittance through the viewing (e.g., colorable) window depends on the material properties of the viewing (e.g., colorable) window.

[0011] In another aspect, a system for viewing media includes a viewing (e.g., colorable) window and a display device structure disposed adjacent to and / or aligned with the viewing (e.g., colorable) window such that a viewer can view the external environment through the display device structure and the viewing (e.g., colorable) window, the display device structure including (i) a pair of substrates and (ii) a display matrix laminated between the pair of substrates, the display matrix having at least about 2000 pixels at its fundamental length scale, and a fastener configured to support the display device structure and attached to a frame element of the viewing (e.g., colorable) window.

[0012] In some embodiments, the visual recognition is of the external environment outside a viewing (e.g., colorable) window. In some embodiments, the visual recognition is of media projected by a display device structure. In some embodiments, the display device structure is at least 30 percent (30%) transparent. In some embodiments, the viewing (e.g., colorable) window is an electrochromic window. In some embodiments, the fastener includes at least one hinge, and the display device structure is attached to the viewing (e.g., colorable) window by at least one hinge. In some embodiments, the hinge is configured to facilitate maintenance inspection of the display device structure. In some embodiments, a driver board communicatively coupled to the display device structure is hidden from a viewer by at least one hinge blade. In some embodiments, the system includes a control board and a power supply. In some embodiments, the shortest distance between the display device structure and the power supply is at least 15 feet (15’). In some embodiments, the shortest distance between the control board and the power supply is at least 5 feet (5’). In some embodiments, the display device structure is coupled to one or more controllers and / or a network by a coaxial cable. In some embodiments, the coaxial cable includes a micro coaxial cable. In some embodiments, the basic length scale of the display matrix is the height or width of the display matrix. In some embodiments, the display matrix is a high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution display matrix.

[0013] In another aspect, a system for viewing media includes a colorable window having at least a colorless state and a colored state, and a display device structure configured to display and / or operate electronic media. The display device structure is disposed adjacent to and aligned with the colorable window such that when the at least colorable window is in the colorless state, a user can view through (i) the display device structure and (ii) the colorable window, and is at least partially transparent. Optionally, the system includes a display circuit directly wired to the display device structure.

[0014] In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a network that transmits electronic media. In some embodiments, the network is communicatively coupled to a building management system. In some embodiments, the display circuit is configured to be at least partially accessible without disassembling, for example, (I) fasteners from their support structure, (II) the display device structure from the fasteners, and / or (III) the E-box and / or power supply, during its operation and / or after its installation. The electrical box (e.g., E-box) may include a timing controller of the display device structure. In some embodiments, the system further includes hinges configured to facilitate reversible access or confinement to the display circuit operation and / or configured after the installation of the display device structure. In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to one or more controllers that control the display of electronic media by the display device structure. In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a first controller, and the colorable window is communicatively coupled to a second controller. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are the same controller. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are different controllers communicatively coupled. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are communicatively coupled to a third controller. In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a first controller disposed in a window frame that houses the colorable window. In some embodiments, the display device structure is electrically coupled to a power supply disposed on a building fixture adjacent to the colorable window. In some embodiments, the building fixture is a wall, ceiling, floor, or window frame that houses the colorable window. In some embodiments, the display device structure is electrically coupled to a power supply disposed at the shortest distance from the display device structure, and the shortest distance is at least about 15 feet.In some embodiments, the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a controller that controls the display device structure, and the controller is disposed at a shortest distance from the display device structure, the shortest distance being at least about 5 feet. In some embodiments, the colorable window includes an electrochromic glass structure. In some embodiments, the display device structure includes a first glass pane, a second glass pane, and a display matrix (e.g., an optical array) disposed between the first glass pane and the second glass pane. In some embodiments, the display matrix includes a light emitting diode (LED) array. In some embodiments, the display matrix includes a transparent organic light emitting diode (TOLED) array. In some embodiments, the display matrix has at least about 2000 pixels on its basic length scale. In some embodiments, the basic length scale of the display matrix is the height or width of the display matrix. In some embodiments, the display matrix is a high resolution or ultra-high resolution display matrix. In some embodiments, the display device structure is coupled to the colorable window by a fastener (e.g., at most one). In some embodiments, the fastener includes a hinge, a bracket, or a plate. In some embodiments, the hinge is (i) connected to a bracket connected to the display device structure and (ii) connected to a plate connected to a fixture, and the hinge facilitates pivoting of the display device structure around the hinge joint with respect to the fixture. In some embodiments, the hinge is (i) reversibly connected to a bracket irreversibly connected to the display device structure and (ii) reversibly connected to a plate reversibly connected to a fixture, and the hinge facilitates pivoting of the display device structure around the hinge joint with respect to the fixture. In some embodiments, the plate includes a pivoting portion that can be reversibly opened and closed. In some embodiments, circuitry (e.g., display circuitry and / or touch screen circuitry) and / or wiring is covered from a viewer by the plate, and the circuitry and / or wiring can be at least partially exposed by opening the pivoting portion.In some embodiments, when the colorable window is in its darkest color state and the display device structure projects media, the user cannot see through (i) the display device structure and (ii) the colorable window. In some embodiments, the colorable window is configured for color adjustment in combination with the media displayed by the display device structure. In some embodiments, the colorable window is configured for manual and / or automatic color adjustment. In some embodiments, the colorable window is configured for color adjustment while the display device structure is projecting media. In some embodiments, the media has passive content that is static, at least during color adjustment. In some embodiments, the media has active content that changes, at least during color adjustment. In some embodiments, the colorable window is configured for color adjustment by considering the position of the sun, the time, the date, the geographical location of the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed, the weather conditions, the light transmittance through the colorable window, and / or the readings of one or more sensors. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more sensors is disposed outside the building in which the colorable window is disposed. In some embodiments, the weather conditions include any cloud cover. In some embodiments, the light transmittance through the colorable window relates to the external light impinging on the colorable window. In some embodiments, the light transmittance through the colorable window depends on the material properties of the colorable window. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is disposed proximate to at least one display device structure, and the at least one touch screen is disposed such that the at least one touch screen overlaps at least a portion of the viewing surface of the at least one display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to be operably coupled to the at least one touch screen, and the at least one controller is configured to adjust the media displayed on the at least one display device structure based at least in part on user tactile interaction with the at least one touch screen.In some embodiments, at least one display device construct is a plurality of display device constructs configured to display a portion of a screen image, and at least one controller is configured to adjust media displayed on the plurality of constructs based at least in part on user tactile interaction with at least one touch screen. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is a plurality of touch screens configured such that a user can use the plurality of touch screens as if they were a single touch screen spanning the plurality of touch screens. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is a plurality of touch screens including a first touch screen, the first touch screen having a first side that is directly adjacent to a second side of a second touch screen. In some embodiments, being directly adjacent means that there is no other intervening touch screen. In some embodiments, the first side is in contact with the second side via an adhesive. In some embodiments, there is no first panel on the first side and no second panel on the second side. In some embodiments, the first side is bordered by a first panel and the second side is bordered by a second panel. In some embodiments, the first panel includes sensors and emitters, and the second panel includes sensors and emitters. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is configured to operably engage with at least two sensor and emitter panels, the at least two sensor and emitter panels being arranged (a) parallel or substantially parallel to each other and (b) spaced apart from each other by a distance at which at least a portion of the at least one touch screen is disposed. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is configured to operably engage with at least two sensor and emitter panels, the at least two sensor and emitter panels being arranged (a) parallel or substantially parallel to each other and (b) spaced apart from each other by a distance that exceeds the distance at which one of the at least one touch screen is disposed.

[0015] In another aspect, a system for viewing media includes a colorable window having at least a see-through state and a colored state, and a display device structure configured to display and / or operate electronic media, the display device structure being disposed adjacent to and aligned with the colorable window such that when the at least colorable window is in the see-through state, a user can view through (i) the display device structure and (ii) the colorable window, the display device structure being at least partially transparent, and optionally, one or more fasteners configured to couple to the display device structure.

[0016] In some embodiments, the fastener is configured to (I) facilitate access to at least a portion of the display circuit, (II) be configured to span at least 30 percent (30%) of the length of the side of the display device structure, (III) be configured to facilitate heat exchange, and / or (IV) include a plurality of hinges. In some embodiments, the fastener includes hinges configured to facilitate reversible access to and confinement of the display circuit. In some embodiments, the display device structure includes (i) a pair of substrates, and (ii) a display matrix laminated between the pair of substrates. In some embodiments, the display matrix has at least about 2000 pixels on its basic length scale. In some embodiments, the display device structure is at least 30 percent (30%) transparent. In some embodiments, the colorable window is an electrochromic window. In some embodiments, the fastener includes at least one hinge, and the display device structure is attached to the colorable window by at least one hinge. In some embodiments, the hinge is configured to facilitate servicing of the display device structure. In some embodiments, the driver substrate communicatively coupled to the display device structure is hidden from viewers by at least one hinge blade. In some embodiments, the system includes a control board and a power source. In some embodiments, the shortest distance between the display device structure and the power source is at least 15 feet (15’). In some embodiments, the shortest distance between the control board and the power source is at least 5 feet (5’). In some embodiments, the display device structure is coupled to one or more controllers and / or networks by a coaxial cable. In some embodiments, the coaxial cable includes a micro coaxial cable. In some embodiments, the basic length scale of the display matrix is the height or width of the display matrix. In some embodiments, the display matrix is a high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution display matrix. In some embodiments, the colorable window is configured for color adjustment in conjunction with the media displayed by the display device structure.In some embodiments, the colorable window is configured for manual and / or automatic color adjustment. In some embodiments, the colorable window is configured for color adjustment while the display device structure is projecting media. In some embodiments, the media has passive content that is static, at least during color adjustment. In some embodiments, the media has active content that changes, at least during color adjustment. In some embodiments, the colorable window is configured for color adjustment by considering the position of the sun, time, date, geographical location of the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed, weather conditions, light transmittance through the colorable window, and / or readings of one or more sensors. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is disposed proximate to at least one display device structure, and the at least one touch screen is disposed such that the at least one touch screen overlaps at least a portion of the viewing surface of the at least one display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to be operatively coupled to the at least one touch screen, and the at least one controller is configured to adjust the media displayed on the at least one display device structure based at least in part on user tactile interaction with the at least one touch screen. In some embodiments, the at least one display device structure is a plurality of display device structures, each of the plurality of display device structures is configured to display a portion of a screen image, and at least one controller is configured to adjust the media displayed on the plurality of structures based at least in part on user tactile interaction with the at least one touch screen. In some embodiments, the at least one touch screen is a plurality of touch screens configured such that a user can use the plurality of touch screens as if the plurality of touch screens were a single touch screen spanning the plurality of touch screens.In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is a plurality of touch screens including a first touch screen, and the first touch screen has a first side that is directly adjacent to a second side of a second touch screen. In some embodiments, being directly adjacent means that there is no other intervening touch screen. In some embodiments, the first side is in contact with the second side via an adhesive. In some embodiments, there is no first panel on the first side and / or no second panel on the second side. In some embodiments, the first side is bordered by a first panel and / or the second side is bordered by a second panel. In some embodiments, the first panel includes sensors and light emitters and / or the second panel includes sensors and light emitters. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is configured to operably engage with at least two sensor and light emitter panels, and the at least two sensor and light emitter panels are arranged (a) parallel or substantially parallel to each other and / or (b) spaced apart from each other by a distance that places at least a portion of at least one touch screen therebetween. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is configured to operably engage with at least two sensor and light emitter panels, and the at least two sensor and light emitter panels are arranged (a) parallel or substantially parallel to each other and / or (b) spaced apart from each other by a distance that exceeds the distance at which one of the at least one touch screen is arranged. In some embodiments, the at least two sensor and light emitter panels are arranged such that light emitted by a light emitter within the first panel can be sensed by a sensor of a second panel arranged parallel or substantially parallel to the first panel, and these first and second panels are included in the at least two sensor and light emitter panels.

[0017] In another aspect, an apparatus for controlling the viewing of media, the apparatus comprising at least one controller including a control circuit, the at least one controller being configured to: (a) operably couple to a display device construct configured to display and / or operate on electronic media, the display device construct being disposed adjacent to and aligned with a colorable window such that a user can view (i) the display device construct and (ii) through the colorable window when the at least colorable window is in a colorless state, the display device construct being at least partially transparent and the colorable window having at least one colorless state and one colored state, the display device construct optionally being coupled to (A) a display circuit wired to the display device construct and / or (B) one or more fasteners configured to couple to the display device construct; and (b) control or instruct the control of the display device construct.

[0018] In some embodiments, the display circuit is configured to be at least partially accessible during its operation and / or after its installation without disassembling, for example, (A) the fasteners from its support structure, (B) the display device structure from the fasteners, and / or (C) the E-box and / or the power supply. The electrical box (e.g., the E-box) may include a timing controller of the display device structure. In some embodiments, the fasteners are configured to (I) facilitate access to at least a portion of the display circuit, (II) extend over at least 30 percent (30%) of the length of the side of the display device structure, (III) facilitate heat exchange, and / or (IV) include a plurality of hinges. In some embodiments, the display circuit includes at least a portion of the control circuit. The display device structure is coupled to hinges configured to facilitate reversible access to and confinement of the display circuit. In some embodiments, at least one controller is part of a hierarchical control system. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to diagnose the display device structure or to instruct a diagnosis of the display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to compensate for the operation of the display device structure or to instruct a compensation for the operation of the display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to (i) diagnose the display device structure or to instruct a diagnosis of the display device structure to generate a diagnosis, and (ii) use the diagnosis to compensate for the operation of the display device structure or to instruct a compensation for the operation of the display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to adjust the display device structure or to instruct an adjustment of the display device structure to compensate for a deviation from the intended operation of the display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to monitor the state of a filter configured to filter air or to instruct a monitoring of the state of the filter. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to monitor the lifespan of the filter or to instruct a monitoring of the lifespan of the filter.In some embodiments, the state includes the effectiveness of the filter. In some embodiments, the state includes the clogging state of the filter, the flow rate of air through the filter, the accumulated operating time, and / or the durability. In some embodiments, the filter includes a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. In some embodiments, the filter is configured to filter particles up to the milli, micro, or nanoscale. In some embodiments, the filter is configured to filter pathogens and / or particulate matter. In some embodiments, the filter is configured to filter biological and / or abiotic substances. In some embodiments, the filter is included in a ventilation system. In some embodiments, the filter is connected to a ventilation opening of an enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed, or is disposed within the enclosure. In some embodiments, the filter is disposed outside the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed. In some embodiments, the filter is disposed on a fixture. In some embodiments, the fixture is a wall or a window frame. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to monitor the temperature of the display device structure or to instruct the monitoring of the temperature of the display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to at least partially diagnose the display device structure or to instruct the at least partial diagnosis of the display device structure by monitoring the temperature of the display device structure or by instructing the monitoring of the temperature of the display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to use the temperature of the display device structure to compensate for the operation of the display device structure or to instruct the compensation for the operation of the display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to monitor the state of one or more pixels of the display device structure or to instruct the monitoring of the state of one or more pixels.In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to diagnose at least partially the display device structure by monitoring the state of one or more pixels of the display device structure or by instructing the monitoring of the state of one or more pixels. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to adjust the operation of the display device structure or to instruct the adjustment of the operation of the display device structure, at least partially based on the state of one or more pixels of the display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to monitor the operation of at least one fan configured to operate in conjunction with the display device structure or to instruct the monitoring of the operation of at least one fan. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to diagnose at least a part of the display device structure or to instruct the diagnosis of at least a part of the display device structure by monitoring the operation of at least one fan configured to operate in conjunction with the display device structure or by instructing the monitoring of the operation of at least one fan. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to adjust the operation of the display device structure or to instruct the adjustment of the operation of the display device structure, at least partially based on the operation of at least one fan. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to adjust the display device structure or to instruct the adjustment of the display device structure, at least partially based on the use of at least one pixel of the display device structure. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to adjust the display device structure or to instruct the adjustment of the display device structure, at least partially based on the temperature of the display device structure.In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to be operably coupled to at least one sensor including a pressure sensor, a gas flow sensor, a temperature sensor, or an electromagnetic sensor, and the at least one controller is configured to adjust the operation of the display device structure or instruct the adjustment of the operation of the display device structure based at least in part on the operation of the at least one sensor. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to adjust the operation of the display device structure or instruct the adjustment of the operation of the display device structure based at least in part on the current, voltage, and / or power supplied to the display device structure to achieve the intended purpose. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to adjust the operation of the display device structure or instruct the adjustment of the operation of the display device structure based at least in part on the current, voltage, and / or power supplied to at least one pixel of the display device structure to achieve the intended purpose. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to circulate the display device structure or instruct the circulation of the display device structure after a predetermined time interval, and the circulation of the display device structure includes changing the displayed media over time to reduce the degradation of one or more pixels of the display device structure. In some embodiments, one or more pixels include light-emitting diodes. In some embodiments, the light-emitting diodes are organic light-emitting diodes. In some embodiments, the light-emitting diodes are at least partially transparent. In some embodiments, the predetermined time interval is adjusted based at least in part on the viewing type of the display device structure during a previous predetermined time interval. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to be operably coupled to at least one touch screen disposed proximate to the display device structure, and the at least one controller is configured to adjust the media displayed on the display device structure based at least in part on user tactile interaction with the at least one touch screen.In some embodiments, at least one display device structure is a plurality of display device structures configured to display a portion of a screen image, and at least one controller is configured to adjust media displayed on the plurality of structures based at least in part on user tactile interaction with at least one touch screen. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is a plurality of touch screens, and at least one controller is configured to enable use of the plurality of touch screens as if the user were using a single touch screen across the plurality of touch screens. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is a plurality of touch screens including a first touch screen, and the first touch screen has a first side that is directly adjacent to a second side of a second touch screen. In some embodiments, being directly adjacent means that there is no other intervening touch screen. In some embodiments, the first side is in contact with the second side via an adhesive. In some embodiments, there is no first panel on the first side and / or no second panel on the second side. In some embodiments, the first side is bordered by a first panel and / or the second side is bordered by a second panel. In some embodiments, the first panel includes sensors and light emitters and / or the second panel includes sensors and light emitters. In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is configured to operably engage with at least two sensor and light emitter panels, and the at least two sensor and light emitter panels are (a) disposed parallel or substantially parallel to each other and (b) spaced apart from each other by a distance at which at least a portion of the at least one touch screen is disposed.In some embodiments, at least one touch screen is configured to operably engage with at least two sensors and a light emitter panel, and the at least two sensors and the light emitter panel are (a) disposed parallel or substantially parallel to each other, and (b) disposed at a distance from each other that exceeds the distance at which one of the at least one touch screen is disposed. In some embodiments, the at least two sensors and the light emitter panel are disposed such that a light emitter that emits radiation within a first panel can be sensed by a sensor of a second panel disposed parallel or substantially parallel to the first panel, and these first and second panels are included in the at least two sensors and the light emitter panel.

[0019] In another aspect, a non-transitory computer program product for controlling the viewing of media, the non-transitory computer program product including instructions registered on the product, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations including any of the operations of the apparatus described above.

[0020] In another aspect, a method for controlling the viewing of media, the method including displaying and / or operating electronic media on a display device structure, the display device structure being disposed adjacent to and aligned with a colorable window such that when the at least colorable window is in a color leak state, a user can view (i) the display device structure and (ii) through the colorable window, the display device structure being at least partially transparent and the colorable window having at least one color leak state and one colored state, and optionally using (A) a display circuit configured to communicate with the display device structure and / or (B) a fastener (e.g., at most one) configured to couple to the display device structure.

[0021] In some embodiments, the display circuit is configured to be at least partially accessible, without disassembling, for example, (A) the fasteners from their support structure, (B) the display device structure from the fasteners, and / or (C) the E-box and / or the power supply, during its operation and / or after its installation. The electrical box (e.g., the E-box) may include a timing controller of the display device structure. In some embodiments, the fasteners are configured to (I) facilitate access to at least a portion of the display circuit, (II) extend over at least 30 percent (30%) of the length of the side of the display device structure, and / or (III) exchange heat, and / or (IV) include a plurality of hinges. In some embodiments, the display circuit is reversibly accessible or confined, without disassembling, for example, (A) the fasteners from their support structure, (B) the display device structure from the fasteners, and / or (C) the E-box and / or the power supply, by using at least one hinge of the fasteners. The electrical box (e.g., the E-box) may include a timing controller of the display device structure. In some embodiments, the method further includes diagnosing the display device structure for diagnosis. In some embodiments, diagnosing the display device structure is performed by at least one controller of the hierarchical control system. In some embodiments, the method further includes using the diagnosis when compensating for one or more operations of the display device structure. In some embodiments, the method further includes adjusting the media displayed on the display device structure, based at least in part on user tactile interaction with at least one touch screen disposed proximate to the display device structure. In some embodiments, the display device structure is a plurality of display device structures that display a portion of the screen image. In some embodiments, the method further includes adjusting the media displayed on the plurality of display device structures, based at least in part on user tactile interaction with at least one touch screen. In some embodiments, the at least one touch screen is a plurality of touch screens.In some embodiments, the method further includes a user using multiple touchscreens as if the multiple touchscreens were a single touchscreen spanning the multiple touchscreens.

[0022] In another aspect, a non-transitory computer program product for controlling viewing of media, the non-transitory computer program product including instructions registered on the product, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations including any of the operations of the method described above.

[0023] In another aspect, a method of maintaining a media display device, the method including: (a) displaying electronic media on a display device structure including a light irradiation component; (b) generating sensor data using at least one sensor for sensing media displayed by a light projection component of the display device structure; (c) evaluating a state of at least one of the light irradiation components by comparing the displayed media with the media requested to be displayed using the sensor data; and (d) using a control system to: (i) adjust irradiation of at least one of the light irradiation components to irradiate the requested irradiation level of the media to be displayed, and / or (ii) predict maintenance of the display device structure when a state of at least one of the light irradiation components is below a threshold, the control system being operably coupled to the display device structure and the at least one sensor.

[0024] In some embodiments, maintaining the display device structure includes replacing the display device structure. In some embodiments, the control includes a hierarchy of controllers. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a control system to control the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a control system to control the atmosphere of the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a building management system that controls the building in which the display device structure is disposed, and the control system is coupled to and / or controlled by the building management system. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a control system to control the circulating irradiation of at least one of the light irradiation components. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a control system to predict the maintenance of at least one of the light irradiation components by using or instructing the use of a learning module. In some embodiments, the control system is communicatively coupled to a network configured to provide data and / or power to the display device structure.

[0025] In another aspect, a non-transitory computer program product for maintaining a media display device, the non-transitory computer program product including instructions registered on the product, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations including any of the operations of the methods described above.

[0026] In another aspect, an apparatus for maintaining a media display device, the apparatus comprising at least one controller including circuitry, the at least one controller being configured to: (a) operably couple to a display device structure and at least one sensor; (b) instruct the display device structure to display electronic media, the instruction being such that the display device structure includes a light irradiation component; (c) instruct the at least one sensor to sense media displayed by a light projection component of the display device structure to generate sensor data; (d) use the sensor data or instruct the use of the sensor data to evaluate at least one state of the light irradiation component by comparing the displayed media with the media requested to be displayed; (e) instruct at least one of the light irradiation components to adjust the irradiation so that at least one of the light irradiation components irradiates at a requested irradiation level of the displayed media; and / or (f) predict or instruct the prediction of the maintenance of the display device structure when at least one state of the light irradiation component is below a threshold value.

[0027] In some embodiments, maintaining the display device structure includes replacing the display device structure. In some embodiments, control includes a hierarchy of controllers. In some embodiments, the control system is configured to control the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed. In some embodiments, the control system is configured to control the atmosphere of the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed. In some embodiments, the control system is configured as a building management system that controls the building in which the display device structure is disposed. In some embodiments, the control system is configured to control the circulating irradiation of at least one of the light irradiation components. In some embodiments, the control system is configured to use or direct the use of a learning module to predict the maintenance of at least one of the light irradiation components. In some embodiments, the learning module includes a neural network. In some embodiments, the learning module includes one or more deep learning algorithms. In some embodiments, the control system is communicatively coupled to a network configured to provide data and / or power to the display device structure.

[0028] In another aspect, a non-transitory computer program product for maintaining a media display device, the non-transitory computer program product including instructions registered on the product, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations including any of the operations of at least one of the controllers described above.

[0029] In some embodiments, a method for viewing media discloses viewing media on a display device structure operably coupled to a viewing window (e.g., a window capable of being colored) using any of the systems and / or devices disclosed herein.

[0030] In some embodiments, a method for viewing an external environment of a viewing window uses any of the systems and / or devices disclosed herein, where a display device structure is operably coupled to a viewing (e.g., colorable) window and views the external environment of the viewing (e.g., colorable) window, for example, while within the user's line of sight and within the external environment.

[0031] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of using any of the systems and / or devices disclosed herein, for example, for their intended purposes.

[0032] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a system, device (e.g., a controller), and / or non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., software) that implements any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0033] In another aspect, a device comprises at least one controller programmed to direct a mechanism used to implement (e.g., perform) any of the methods disclosed herein, and the at least one controller is operably coupled to the mechanism.

[0034] In another aspect, a device comprises at least one controller configured (e.g., programmed) to implement (e.g., execute) the methods disclosed herein. The at least one controller can implement any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0035] In another aspect, a system comprises at least one controller programmed to direct the operation of at least one other device (or a component thereof), and the device (or a component thereof), where the at least one controller is operably coupled to the device (or a component thereof). The device (or a component thereof) can include any device (or a component thereof) disclosed herein. The at least one controller can direct any device (or a component thereof) disclosed herein.

[0036] In another aspect, program instructions are stored, and when the instructions are read by a computer, the computer is instructed to implement (e.g., execute) any of the methods disclosed herein by a mechanism (e.g., any of the devices and / or its components) disclosed herein. A non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, and the non-transitory computer-readable medium is operably coupled to the mechanism. The mechanism can comprise any device (or any component thereof) disclosed herein.

[0037] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0038] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more computer processors, executes the instructions of the controller (e.g., as disclosed herein).

[0039] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer system comprising one or more computer processors and a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled thereto. The non-transitory computer-readable medium comprises machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein and / or executes the instructions of the controller disclosed herein.

[0040] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which illustrates only exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. As will be understood, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and some of the details thereof can be modified in various obvious respects without departing from the disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.

[0041] These and other features and embodiments are described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0042] Incorporation by reference All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference into this specification to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the invention will be obtained from the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the appended drawings or figures (also referred to herein as "FIGURES" and "PLURAL FIGURES").

[0044]

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[0045] The figures and components therein may not be drawn to scale. Various components of the figures described herein may not be drawn to scale.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0046] Although various embodiments of the present invention are shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, modifications, and substitutions can occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the present invention described herein may be used.

[0047] Terms such as "a", "an", "the", etc. are not intended to refer to only a single entity, but include a general class for which specific examples can be used in the description. The terms in this specification are used to describe specific embodiments of the present invention, but their usage does not define the present invention.

[0048] When a range is mentioned, unless otherwise specified, the range is meant to be inclusive. For example, the range between value 1 and value 2 is inclusive and means including value 1 and value 2. The inclusive range extends to any value from approximately value 1 to approximately value 2. The terms "adjacent" or "adjacent to" as used herein include "next to", "adjoining", "in contact with", and "in proximity to".

[0049] The terms "operatively coupled" or "operatively connected" refer to a first element (e.g., mechanism) coupled (e.g., connected) to a second element to enable the intended operation of the second element and / or the first element. The coupling can include physical or non-physical coupling. Non-physical coupling can include signal inductive coupling (e.g., wireless coupling). The coupling can include physical coupling (e.g., physically connected), or non-physical coupling (e.g., via wireless communication).

[0050] An element (e.g., mechanism) "configured" to perform a function includes structural features that cause the element to perform this function. The structural features can include electrical features such as circuits or circuit elements. The structural features can include a circuit (e.g., comprising an electrical or optical circuit). The electrical circuit can comprise one or more wirings. The optical circuit can comprise at least one optical element (e.g., beam splitter, mirror, lens, and / or optical fiber). The structural features can include mechanical features. The mechanical features can comprise a latch, spring, closure, hinge, chassis, support, fastener, or cantilever, etc. Performing a function can include utilizing logical features. The logical features can include programming instructions. The programming instructions can be made executable by at least one processor. The programming instructions can be stored or encoded in a (e.g., non-volatile) medium accessible by one or more processors.

[0051] In some embodiments, a display device structure coupled to a viewing window (e.g., a colorable viewing window). The viewing window may include an integral glass unit. The display device structure may include one or more glass panes. The display device (e.g., a display matrix) may include light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs may include organic materials (e.g., organic light emitting diodes abbreviated as "OLED" herein). The OLEDs may include transparent organic light emitting diode display devices (abbreviated as "TOLED" herein), and the TOLEDs are at least partially transparent. The display device may be 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, or 8000 pixels in its basic length scale. The display device may have any number of pixels between the aforementioned number of pixels (e.g., about 2000 pixels to about 4000 pixels, about 4000 pixels to about 8000 pixels, or about 2000 pixels to about 8000 pixels) in its basic length scale. The basic length scale may include the diameter, length, width, or height of a boundary circle. The basic length scale may be abbreviated as "FLS" herein. The display device structure may include a high-resolution display device. For example, the display device structure may have a resolution of at least about 550, 576, 680, 720, 768, 1024, 1080, 1920, 1280, 2160, 3840, 4096, 4320, or 7680 pixels × at least about 550, 576, 680, 720, 768, 1024, 1080, 1280, 1920, 2160, 3840, 4096, 4320, or 7680 pixels (at 30 Hz or 60 Hz). This first number of pixels may specify the height of the display device, and this second pixel may specify the length of the display device. For example, the display device may be a high-resolution display device having a resolution of 1920×1080, 3840×2160, 4096×2160, or 7680×4320. The display device may be a standard definition display device, an extended definition display device, a high definition display device, or an ultra-high definition display device. The display device may be rectangular.The image projected by the display matrix can be refreshed at a frequency of at least about 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 60 Hz, 70 Hz, 75 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, or 120 Hertz (Hz) (e.g., at a refresh rate). The FLS of the display device structure can be at least 20", 25", 30", 35", 40", 45", 50", 55", 60", 65", 80", or 90 inches ("). The FLS of the display device structure can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 20" to about 55", about 55" to about 100", or about 20" to about 100").

[0052] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the window surface within a facility is utilized to display various media using a glass display device structure. The display device can be used to view (e.g., at least partially) the external environment (e.g., the outdoor environment) outside the window when the display device is not operating. Media can be displayed using the display device, and the external view can be extended using (e.g., optical) overlays, augmented reality, and / or illumination (e.g., the display device can function as a light source). The media can be used for entertainment and non-entertainment purposes. The media can be used for work (e.g., data analysis, drawing, and / or video conferencing). The media can be operated (e.g., by utilizing the display device structure). The utilization of the display device structure can be direct or indirect. Indirect utilization of the media can involve using an input device such as an electronic mouse or keyboard. The input device can be communicatively coupled (e.g., wired and / or wirelessly) to the media. Direct utilization can involve using the display device structure as a touch screen using a user (e.g., a finger) or an indicating device (e.g., an electronic pen or stylus). The indicating device can be made of or coated with a low-abrasive material (e.g., a polymer). The low-abrasive material can be configured to minimize damage (e.g., scratches) to the display device structure and facilitate (e.g., repeated) contact with the display device structure. The low-abrasive material can include a polymer or resin (e.g., plastic). The indicating device can be passive or active. An active indicating device can be operatively coupled to the display device structure and / or a network. An active indicating device can include a circuit. An active indicating device can include a remote controller. The indicating device can facilitate instructions for operations related to the media presented by the display device structure. The indicating device can facilitate (e.g., real-time and / or in-situ) interaction with the media presented by the display device structure.

[0053] The embodiments described herein relate to vision windows with tandem (e.g., transparent) display device constructs. In certain embodiments, the vision window is an electrochromic window. The electrochromic window can include a solid electrochromic (EC) device and / or an inorganic electrochromic (EC) device. The vision window can take the form of an insulating glass unit (IGU). When the IGU includes an electrochromic (hereinafter abbreviated as "EC") device, it can be referred to as an "EC IGU". The EC IGU can change (e.g., darken) the color of the room in which it is installed and / or can provide a colored (e.g., darker) background compared to an uncolored IGU. The colored IGU can provide a preferred (e.g., necessary) background for an acceptable (e.g., good) contrast in a (e.g., transparent) display device construct. In another example, a window with a (e.g., transparent) display device construct can replace a television (hereinafter abbreviated as "TV") in commercial and residential applications. The (e.g., transparent) display device construct and the EC IGU can together provide a visual privacy glass function, for example, because the display device can enhance the privacy provided by the EC glass alone. The embodiments disclosed herein also describe specific methods, devices, and systems for attaching a display device construct (e.g., a transparent display device) to a frame system of a vision window.

[0054] Figure 1A shows an example of a window 102 surrounded by a window frame 103 (a partial view is shown), as well as a fastening structure 104 including a first hinge 105a and a second hinge 105b, which facilitate the rotation of the display device structure 101 about the hinge axis, for example, in the direction of arrow 111. The window may be an electrochromic window. The window may be in the form of an EC IGU. In one embodiment, one or more display device structures (e.g., a transparent display device) that are at least partially transparent are attached to the window frame (e.g., 103). In one embodiment, one or more display device structures (e.g., a transparent display device) include T-OLED technology, but it should be understood that the present invention should not be limited by or to such technology. In one embodiment, one or more display device structures (e.g., a transparent display device) are attached to the frame (e.g., 103) via a fastening structure (e.g., 104). In one embodiment, the fastening structure (also referred to herein as a "fastener") includes brackets. In one embodiment, the fastening structure includes L-shaped brackets. In one embodiment, the L-shaped brackets have a length that approximates or is equal to the length of the side of the window (e.g., and in the example shown in Figure 1A, the length of the fastener 104 is also). In embodiments, the basic length scale (e.g., length) of the window is up to 60 feet ('), 50', 40', 30', 25', 20', 15', 10', 5' or 1'. The FLS of the window can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., 1' to 60', 1' to 30', 30' to 60', or 10' to 40'). In embodiments, the basic length scale (e.g., length) of the window is at least about 50', 60', 80', or 100'. In one embodiment, the display device structure (e.g., a transparent display device) encompasses an area that (e.g., substantially) coincides with the surface area of the lite (e.g., pane). The fastening structure can be attached to a structure (e.g., a frame portion such as a marionette) via a locking mechanism (e.g., a snap lock) and / or via screws, and is configured, for example, for slip and snap attachment. The fastener may include a mounting plate.The fastener can be configured to allow associated cables and / or wiring to be present within a cavity (e.g., a frame portion) of a support structure (e.g., a fixture) without applying pressure to the support structure. The support structure can include a clip (e.g., a spring clip) for holding the fastener in a predetermined position.

[0055] In certain embodiments, the area of the display device approximates the vision area of the window (e.g., the area within the window's frame system (see 1 in FIG. 1B)). In one embodiment, one or more display device constructs (e.g., transparent display devices) together cover (e.g., approximately and / or substantially) the vision area of the window (see 2 and 3 in FIG. 1b). In one embodiment, the transparent display device encompasses an area that is about half of the vision area of the (e.g., colorable) window. In one embodiment, two or more display devices are mounted on a single vision window (see 2 and 3 in FIG. 1b). The display device construct can cover at least a portion of the (e.g., colorable) window. The display device construct can cover at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the visible portion of the (e.g., colorable) window. The area occupied by the display device construct can be the entire (100%) visible portion of the (e.g., colorable) window. The area occupied by the display device construct can be any percentage (e.g., about 10% to about 100%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 50% to about 100%) of the visible portion of the (e.g., colorable) window between the aforementioned percentages. Sometimes, multiple display device constructs can cover the (e.g., colorable) window. The display device construct can be mounted in one or more layouts and / or configurations, e.g., to maximize design flexibility. Multiple fasteners can be coupled to the multiple display device constructs (e.g., each) to enable swiveling of the display device constructs. FIG. 1B shows examples of various windows within the building facade 120, which facade includes windows 122, 123, and 121 and display device constructs 1, 2, and 3. In the example shown in FIG. 1B, display device construct 1 is at least partially transparent and is disposed on window 123 (e.g., display device construct 1 is superimposed on window 123) such that window 123 is entirely covered by the display device construct, and the user can view the external environment (e.g., flowers, glass, and trees) through display device construct 1 and window 123.The display device structure 1 is coupled to the window using fasteners that facilitate rotation of the display device structure about an axis parallel to the horizontal edge at the bottom of the window, and this rotation is in the direction of arrow 127. In the example shown in FIG. 1B, display device structures 2 and 3 are at least partially transparent and disposed on window 121 such that the entire window 121 is covered by these two display device structures, each covering approximately half of the surface area of window 121 (e.g., extending), and a user can view the external environment (e.g., flowers, glass, and trees) through display device structures 2 and 3 and window 121. Display device structure 2 is coupled to window 121 using fasteners that facilitate rotation of the display device structure about an axis parallel to the left vertical edge of the window, and this rotation is in the direction of arrow 126. Display device structure 3 is coupled to the window using fasteners that facilitate rotation of the display device structure about an axis parallel to the right vertical edge of window 121, and this rotation is in the direction of arrow 125.

[0056] In some embodiments, the display device structure is coupled to a structure (e.g., a fixture). The structure can include a window, a wall, or a panel. The display device structure can be coupled to the structure using fasteners. There may be a distance, for example, when the display device structure is operating, between the display device structure and the structure. The distance can be up to about 0.5 meters (m), 0.4 m, 0.3 m, 0.2 m, 0.1 m, 0.05 m, 0.025 m, or 0.01 m.

[0057] In some embodiments, the E-box is operably coupled to a power source or includes a power source. The power source can be an electrical device that supplies power to an electrical load. The power source can convert the current from the power source to the correct voltage, current, and / or frequency to supply power to the load. The power source can limit the current drawn by the load to a safe level (e.g., in accordance with governing and / or safety standards), interrupt the current (e.g., in the event of an electrical fault), regulate the power (e.g., to prevent input electronic noise and / or voltage surges from reaching the load), correct the power factor, and / or store energy (e.g., to facilitate continued operation of the load in the event of a temporary interruption of the power source). The load can be a media display device (e.g., an OLED display device). The power source can be a power converter. The power source can be a separate stand-alone device. The power source can be included in the E-box. The stand-alone power device can be disposed within a structure such as a fixture. The structure can include a window frame portion (e.g., a mullion or transom), or a wall. The power device can be disposed at a location remote from the E-box and / or the timing controller. The distance can be at least about 30 feet (’), 50’, 100’, 200’, 300’. The E-box can or need not be part of a fastener (e.g., be attached to a fastener). In some embodiments, the E-box (e.g., including any analog-to-digital converter) can be disposed remotely from the fastener (e.g., not be part of the fastener).

[0058] In some embodiments, the housing of an electronic component (e.g., a circuit) includes at least one heat exchanger. For example, an E-box, a power supply housing, and / or a timing controller housing (e.g., a fastener) may include one or more heat exchangers (e.g., as disclosed herein). The heat exchanger may be a fan. The heat exchanger may be passive or active. The heat exchanger may include a heat pipe. The heat exchanger may comprise components configured to efficiently absorb and / or transfer heat. For example, the heat exchanger may include a metal slab (e.g., a heat sink). The metal slab may include elemental metal or a metal alloy.

[0059] In some embodiments, the housing of an electronic component (e.g., a fastener) may include one or more fans. The fan can direct a gas (e.g., air) from one side to the other side (e.g., push the gas into the ambient environment or draw the gas from the ambient environment). The direction in which the fan rotates can determine the pushing / drawing function of the gas. The fan may have a basic length scale (e.g., height, length, width, radius, or radius of the bounding circle). The basic length scale (FLS) of the fan can be up to about 5 centimeters (cm), 4 cm, 3 cm, 2.5 cm, 2 cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm, or 0.5 cm. The FLS can have any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 5 cm to about 0.5 cm, about 5 cm to about 2 cm, or about 2 cm to about 0.5 cm). The height and length of the fan may be (e.g., substantially) equal. The width of the fan can be at most about one-half, one-third, one-fourth, or one-fifth of the height and / or length of the fan. The fan can have a plurality of blades (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 blades). In some embodiments, the fan may be bladeless. The fan may require, for example, a low voltage of up to about 1.5 volts (V), 2 V, 3 V, 4 V, 5 V, 6 V, 7 V, 8 V, 9 V, or 10 V. The speed of the fan can be at least about 5 thousand revolutions per minute (KRPM), 5.5 KRPM, 6 KRPM, 6.5 KRPM, 7 KRPM, 7.5 KRPM, 8 KRPM, 8.5 KRPM, 9 KRPM, 9.5 KRPM, 10 KRPM, 10.5 KRPM, 11 KRPM, 11.5 KRPM, or 12 KRPM. The fan may have a low noise signature. The low noise signature can be up to about 10.0 decibels (dB(A)), 15 dB(A), 20, 25 dB(A), or 30 dB(A), and the dB(A) value is adjusted to account for the sensitivity of the human ear to sounds of various frequencies. The low noise signature may be lower than the sound of speaking (e.g., about 65 dB(A)). The low noise signature is at most about the noise of breathing (e.g., about 10 dB(A)), a quiet laboratory (e.g., about 20 dB(A)), a soft whisper (e.g., about 40 dB(A)), or an office environment (e.g., about 50 dB(A) to about 65 dB(A)).The fan's noise level can comply with the standards of the jurisdiction, for example, the standards promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The weight of the fan is at most about 5 grams (g), 6 g, 8 g, or 10 g. The fan can have an air conductivity of at least about 0.02 cubic meters per minute (M 3 / min), 0.03 M 3 / min, 0.04 M 3 / min, 0.05 M 3 / min, 0.06 M 3 / min, 0.07 M 3 / min, 0.08 M 3 / min, 0.09 M 3 / min, 0.1 M 3 / min, 0.15 M 3 / min, 0.2 M 3 / min, 0.3 M 3 / min, 0.4 M 3 / min, or 0.5 M 3 / min. The fan can have a conductivity between any of the conductivities described herein (e.g., about 0.02 M 3 / min to about 0.05 M 3 / min, about 0.05 M 3 / min to about 0.1 M 3 / min, or about 0.1 M 3 / min to about 0.5 M 3 / min).

[0060] In some embodiments, at least two of the plurality of circuit boards can be arranged to facilitate shielding, heat exchange, and / or cooling of elements disposed therebetween. At least one shielding element can be disposed between a first circuit board and a second circuit board that are placed adjacent to each other (e.g., directly). The shielding element can include electrical and / or electromagnetic (e.g., radio frequency) shielding. The shielding portion may or may not function as a heat exchanger and / or a cooling element. The housing of the electronic component may include a heat exchanger and / or a cooling element separate from the shielding portion. The heat exchanger and / or the cooling element can include a heat pipe or a metal slab. The metal can include elemental metal or a metal alloy. The metal can be configured for (e.g., efficient and / or rapid) heat conduction. The metal can include copper, aluminum, brass, steel, or bronze. The cooling element can include a fluid, a gas, or a semi-solid (e.g., gel) material. The cooling element can be active and / or passive. The cooling element can include a circulating substance. The cooling element can be operably coupled to an active cooling device (e.g., a thermostat, a cooler, and / or a refrigerator). The active cooling device can be disposed outside the device ensemble housing. The cooling element can be disposed within a fixture (e.g., a floor, a ceiling, a wall, or a frame) of an enclosure (e.g., a building or a room) in which the housing of the electronic component is disposed. The fixture can include a marion or a transom.

[0061] In some embodiments, the display device structure assembly can receive one or more connector types for media signals and / or electricity. For example, at least one connector and / or socket for one or more drivers and / or receivers for use in a serial communication system (e.g., RS485 (input and output)). Connector and / or socket types can include HDMI (registered trademark, the same hereinafter), DisplayPort (DP) input and / or output, or AC input and / or switch. FIG. 17 shows an example of the side of a controller and power assembly 1700 including an HDMI input 1701, a DP1 input 1702, an RS485 input 1703, an AC switch and AC input 1704, an RS485 output 1705, and a DP output 1706. FIG. 17 shows a disassembled (e.g., exploded) perspective view of a controller and power assembly 1710 connected to a main power line 1711, a window controller 1712, an IGU 1715, a frame cap 1718 (sometimes called a "beauty cap"), a window frame 1719, a circuit 1716 (e.g., including boosters and / or drivers for a display matrix), a hinge (e.g., hinge 1717), a display device structure 1714, a cover 1720, and a display device structure frame (e.g., an edge bezel) 1713 for the display device structure. The display device structure frame can be a cover for touch screen components. The window controller can be disposed on the side of the window, near the window, or far from the window. The window controller can be disposed within (or on) the window frame, within (or on) the wall, within (or on) the ceiling, or within (or on) the floor. The hinge may or may not be temporarily locked (e.g., using inserts (e.g., slits or gaps), protrusions, and / or springs (e.g., spring plungers)).

[0062] In some embodiments, the display device structure is aligned with a viewing window (e.g., an integrated glass unit abbreviated as "IGU" herein). The display device structure may be configured to be positioned on at least a portion of the window (e.g., a window that can be colored). For example, the display device structure may be configured to overlap at least a portion of the window. The display device structure may be configured to facilitate simultaneous viewing from one side of the window (e.g., the internal environment) to its opposing side (e.g., the external environment). The display device structure can be positioned taking into account the field of view of a user viewing through the window (or any portion thereof).

[0063] In some embodiments, the controller is operably coupled (e.g., communicatively coupled) to the display device structure. The communication can be wired and / or wireless. The controller can at least partially automatically control the display device structure. The controller can be, for example, a timing controller (e.g., T-CON) disclosed herein. The control can include electronic control and / or optical control. The controller can include a microcontroller. The controller can be disposed adjacent to the glass (e.g., IGU) and / or the display device structure. The controller can be disposed within a window frame (e.g., a transom or a mullion). In some embodiments, a mullion (e.g., FIG. 1B, 131) is a vertical path of the window frame, and a transom (e.g., FIG. 1B, 130) is a horizontal path of the window frame. The window frame can hold the glass and / or the display device structure (e.g., directly or indirectly). The glass can be tintable glass. The tintable glass can be controlled (e.g., using at least one controller). For example, the tintable glass can be controlled by a hierarchy of controllers (see, e.g., FIG. 15). The hierarchy of controllers can be static or dynamic (e.g., if the hierarchy designation of the controllers is dynamically changed). One or more controllers that control a viewing (e.g., tintable) window may or may not control the display device structure (also referred to herein as a "media display device structure").

[0064] In some embodiments, the display device structure includes glass. The glass may be in the form of one or more glass panes. For example, the display device structure may include a display matrix (e.g., an array of light) disposed between two glass panes. The array of light may include an array of colored light. For example, an array of red, green, and blue colored light. For example, an array of cyan, magenta, and yellow colored light. The array of light may include the light colors used in an electronic screen display device. The array of light may include an array of LEDs (e.g., OLEDs, e.g., TOLEDs). The matrix display (e.g., the array of light) may be at least partially (e.g., to the average human eye) transparent. A transparent OLED may facilitate transitions of a significant portion (e.g., more than about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, or 95%) of the intensity and / or wavelength perceived by the average human eye. The matrix display can form a minimal interference to a user looking through the array. The array of light can form a minimal interference to a user looking through the array. The display matrix (e.g., the array of light) can be maximally transparent. At least one glass pane of the display device structure may have a normal glass thickness. Normal glass may have a thickness of at least about 1 millimeter (mm), 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or 6 mm. Normal glass may have a thickness of a value between any of the aforementioned values (e.g., 1 mm to 6 mm, 1 mm to 3 mm, 3 mm to about 4 mm, or 4 mm to 6 mm). At least one glass pane of the display device structure may have a thin glass thickness. Thin glass may have a thickness of at most about 0.4 millimeter (mm), 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, or 0.9 mm. Thin glass may have a thickness of a value between any of the aforementioned values (e.g., 0.4 mm to 0.9 mm, 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, or 0.5 mm to 0.9 mm). The glass of the display device structure may be at least (e.g., in the visible spectrum) transmissive. For example, the glass may be at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% transmissive.The glass can have a transmittance percentage value (e.g., from about 80% to about 99%) between any of the aforementioned percentages. The display device structure may include one or more panes (e.g., glass panes). For example, the display device structure may include a plurality (e.g., two) of panes. The glass panes can have the same thickness (e.g., substantially), or different thicknesses. The front pane can be made thicker than the back pane. The back pane can be made thicker than the front pane. The front can be in the direction of a person who appears to be viewing (e.g., in front of the display device structure 101, looking at the display device structure 101). The back can be in the direction of a (e.g., paintable) window (e.g., 102). One glass may be thicker than another. The thick glass can be at least about 1.25*, 1.5*, 2*, 2.5*, 3*, 3.5*, or 4* thicker than the thin glass. The symbol "*" designates the mathematical operation of "times". The transmittance of the display device structure (including one or more panes and a display matrix (e.g., an optical array or an LCD)) can be at least about 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. The display device structure can have a transmittance percentage value (e.g., from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 40% to about 80%, or from about 50% to about 90%) between any of the aforementioned percentages. A higher transmittance parentage refers to higher intensity and / or a wider spectrum of light passing through the material (e.g., glass). The transmittance can be that of visible light. The transmittance can be measured as the visible transmittance (abbreviated herein as "Tvis"), which refers to the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum passing through the material. The transmittance can be related to the intensity of the incident light. The display device structure can transmit at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the visible spectrum (e.g., the wavelength spectrum) of light through it. The display device structure can transmit a percentage value (e.g., from about 80% to about 99%) between any of the aforementioned percentages. In some embodiments, instead of an optical array, a liquid crystal display device is utilized.Figure 2 shows a schematic example of a display device structure assembly 200 before lamination. This display device structure includes a thicker glass pane 205, a first adhesive layer 204, a display matrix 203, a second adhesive layer 202, and a thinner glass pane 201. This matrix is connected via wiring 211 to a circuit 212 that controls at least one aspect of the display device structure. This display device structure is coupled to a fastener 213.

[0065] The display matrix has reflective characteristics and / or color characteristics. The display matrix can be color, grayscale, or black and white. The display matrix can have a color depth. The color depth can be at least about 250 million, 500 million, 1 billion, 1.25 billion, or 1.5 billion colors. The color depth can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., from about 250 million colors to about 1.5 billion colors, from about 250 million colors to about 1.25 billion colors, or from about 1 billion colors to about 1.5 billion colors). The display device structure can have a contrast ratio of at least about 100,000, 120,000, 150,000, 170,000, or 200,000 to 1. The display device structure can have a contrast ratio between any of the above reference values (e.g., from about 100,000:1 to about 200,000:1, from about 100,000:1 to about 150,000:1, or from about 150,000:1 to 200,000:1). The reflectivity of the display device structure can be at most about 2%, 4%, 8%, 10%, 14%, or 18%. The reflectivity of the display device structure can have any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., from about 2% to about 18%, or from about 2% to about 14%).

[0066] In some embodiments, at least one glass pane within the display device structure and / or the IGU is strengthened. At least one glass of the display device structure and / or the IGU may be natural glass (e.g., not subjected to a strengthening process and / or a tempering process). The glass can be tempered glass. The tempered glass may be heat tempered, heat tempered, or chemically strengthened. Chemically strengthened glass may also be chemically tempered glass. Chemically strengthened glass may include Gorilla glass. The glass may include used SentryGlass®. Chemically strengthened glass may include one or more ion (e.g., cation) doped glasses. The cation may be an alkali (e.g., potassium) or an alkaline earth cation. The glass may include one or more dyes. The glass may allow for the transition (e.g., wavelength and / or intensity) of UV light through the glass. The glass can reduce (e.g., prevent) the penetration of UV light through the glass. The glass can absorb at least a portion (e.g., wavelength and / or intensity) of the UV light. In some embodiments, the glass may include a surface treatment (e.g., abrasion with sandpaper).

[0067] In some embodiments, the display device structure may include an adhesive (e.g., a laminate and / or an adhesive). In some embodiments, the display device structure may include an adhesive that includes a polymer and / or a resin. The adhesive can be disposed between the glass pane and the display matrix. The adhesive can be selected to facilitate the formation of the structure (e.g., the adhesion of the display matrix to the glass pane) with minimal (e.g., no) damage to the display matrix. The adhesive may be cured by heat treatment and / or UV treatment. The temperature of the heat treatment may be such that it minimizes damage to the display matrix (e.g., does not damage the display matrix to a measurable and / or substantial extent). Not damaging the array to a substantial extent may mean not damaging the array to an extent that affects its intended purpose (e.g., performance as a display device according to the specifications). The adhesive may include at least one organic polymer. The at least one organic polymer may include polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylamide, SGP resin (e.g., Dupont's SGP5000). The adhesive may include, for example, an OCA by 3M (e.g., 3M8211, 3M8212, 3M8213, 3M8214, 3M8215, 3M8171, or 3M8172). The polymer may allow for the transition of UV light (e.g., wavelength and / or intensity) through the polymer. The polymer can reduce (e.g., prevent) the penetration of UV light (e.g., wavelength and / or intensity) through the polymer. The polymer can absorb at least a portion of the UV light (e.g., wavelength and / or intensity).

[0068] In some embodiments, the display device structure includes a stack. The display device structure may include a colorable device (e.g., an electrochromic device). The colorable device can be stacked (to form a single display device structure unit) on the display device structure. For example, the display device structure may include an electrochromic layer structure deposited (e.g., deposited on the back side of a media display device (e.g., the back side of an LED)). The display device structure may include one or more layers (e.g., deposited and / or stacked layers) to protect the media display device from radiation (e.g., UV radiation and / or IR radiation). The additional layer may constitute a film (e.g., an electrochromic device, a UV protection layer, and / or an IR protection layer). The film may be part of the display device structure. The film may contribute to a longer operating life of the display device structure. The film may contribute to enhancing the contrast of the media being displayed. The display device structure (e.g., including an electrochromic film) may be coupled to a colorable (e.g., electrochromic) window. The film may constitute any colorable window function (e.g., a liquid crystal device, a suspended particle device, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device (such as a microshutter), or any technology configured to control light transmission through the window). The liquid crystal device may include a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer).

[0069] In some embodiments, the display device structure may include an adhesive in the form of at least one layer. The adhesive may include at least one optically clear adhesive layer (abbreviated herein as "OCA" layer). For example, the display device structure may include two adhesive layers. The adhesive layer may have a thickness of at least about 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, or 1 mm. The adhesive layer may have a thickness of any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., from about 0.2 mm to about 1 mm, from about 0.2 mm to about 0.6 mm, or from about 0.7 to about 1 mm). The thickness of the adhesive can be selected, for example, to minimize weight while sufficiently adhering the structure to form a high tolerance structure that can be cut by a machine (e.g., having high die cut machine resistance). The adhesive can improve the durability and / or optical properties of the display device structure compared to a display device structure lacking the adhesive. The adhesive can be (e.g., for visible light) (e.g., substantially and / or completely) transparent. The adhesive may be colorless. The adhesive can contact the (e.g., maximum) surface of the display matrix and the (e.g., maximum) surface of the pane (e.g., glass pane), and thus can adhere the display matrix to the pane. The adhesive can contribute minimally (e.g., may not contribute) to optically and / or visually distorting the media displayed by the display device.

[0070] In some embodiments, the paint, the adhesive, and the display matrix are cured prior to deployment. Curing can be performed by UV light, moisture, and / or heat. The curing method can be selected so as to maintain the function of the display matrix and minimize optical distortion (e.g., maximize transmittance, reduce blur, and / or reduce gas gaps such as air gaps). The adhesive can enhance the durability of the display device structure. For example, the adhesive can reduce the susceptibility of the display device structure to breakage and / or reduce its flammability. The adhesive facilitates adjustment of the refractive index of the paint with respect to the surrounding air (e.g., where the viewer is located), for example, (i) minimizing losses due to Fresnel reflection, (ii) minimizing distortion and transmitting all colors through the display device structure, and / or (iii) enhancing the image projected by the display device structure. Color distortion can be caused by the passage from the adhesive, the glass paint, to the surrounding air. The display device structure (e.g., the adhesive therein) can improve the storage of the display matrix and / or improve the operating temperature range. The adhesive can prevent one or more gases and / or debris (e.g., dust or sebum) from reaching the display matrix. The display device structure (e.g., the adhesive, the glass, and / or any coating) can prevent physical interference to the display matrix (e.g., due to contact). The contact can be direct contact by the user.

[0071] In some embodiments, the IGU and / or the display device structure can include a coating (e.g., an anti-reflection coating). The coating can improve the optical performance of the glass and / or the display device structure. The coating can be applied to the glass paint, the adhesive layer, the display matrix, and / or the electrochromic structure. The coating can be deposited in the form of anti-reflection, anti-glare, anti-condensation, scratch-proof, anti-fouling treatment, and / or UV protection treatment.

[0072] In some embodiments, the display device structure may include a sealing portion. The sealing portion may be disposed between two glasses of the display device structure on which the display matrix is disposed. The sealing portion may include a polymer / resin (e.g., any polymer / resin disclosed herein). The sealing portion may include a carbon-based (e.g., organic) polymer or a silicon-based polymer. The sealing portion can protect the display device structure from light (e.g., UV), humidity, oxygen, physical contact (e.g., physical damage), debris, and / or other environmental components.

[0073] In some embodiments, the display device structure has durability over a long lifespan. The expected lifespan can be at least about 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, 25 years, 50 years, 75 years, or 100 years. The expected lifespan can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 5 years to about 100 years, about 2 years to about 25 years, about 25 years to about 50 years, or about 50 years to about 100 years). The long lifespan can be at least 20Kh, 30Kh, 50Kh, 100Kh, 500Kh, or 1000Kh (thousand hours). The long lifespan of the display device structure can have any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 20Kh to about 1000Kh, about 20Kh to about 100Kh, or about 100Kh to about 1000Kh). The number of hours may refer to, for example, the number of hours the display device structure operates for its intended purpose. The lifespan of the display device structure may depend on the operating time of the display device structure and / or any environmental conditions (e.g., UV light, humidity, and / or temperature at the location where it is deployed).

[0074] In some embodiments, the display device structure is fastened, for example, by a fastening mechanism (also referred to herein as a "fastener"), to a fixture (e.g., a window frame or a wall) that holds a window (e.g., a colorable window). The fastener may include one or more components. For example, the fastener can include brackets, hinges, covers. The fastener may be permanent or non-permanent. A non-permanent fastener can be removed manually and / or automatically. For example, the fastener may include one or more screws that fasten it to the window frame. The fastener may include hinges and / or brackets. The hinge may be flexible. The bracket and / or cover (or any portion thereof) may or may not be flexible. The fastener (including, for example, hinges and / or brackets) may be opaque. The fastener (e.g., any of its components) may include elemental metal, metal alloy, allotropes of elemental carbon, polymers, or composite materials. At least two components of the fastener may be made of (e.g., substantially) the same type. At least two components of the fastener may be made of different types. The elemental metal may include aluminum. The metal alloy may include steel. The fastener may include a non-corrosive material. At least a portion of the fastener (e.g., brackets and / or covers) may be configured to support the weight of the display device structure without (e.g., substantial) deformation over, for example, its intended (e.g., as disclosed herein) lifespan. The display device structure may weigh at least about 5 Kg, 10 Kg, 15 Kg, 20 Kg, 25 Kg, 30 Kg, 35 Kg, 40 Kg, or 50 kilograms (Kg). The display device structure may weigh any weight between the aforementioned weights (e.g., 5 Kg to 50 Kg, 5 Kg to 25 Kg, or 25 Kg to 50 Kg). FIG. 3 shows an example of a vertical cross-section (a partial view) of an assembly 300 in which a display matrix 311 is disposed between a first pane 312 and a second pane 313 as part of the display device structure, an L-shaped bracket 302 is disposed between the two glass panes 312 and 313 and coupled to the display device structure, and this L-shaped bracket is coupled to a hinge 303.

[0075] The fastener can be configured for easy installation and / or removal of the display device structure from a support structure (e.g., window frame and / or wall). The removal can be for maintenance inspection, replacement, and / or upgrade of the display device structure and / or the structure (or any associated device), any part thereof. For example, the fastener can enable (e.g., easy) removal and / or insertion of the display device structure. For example, the fastener can enable (e.g., easy) removal and / or insertion of the frame portion to which the fastener is attached. For example, the fastener can enable (e.g., easy) removal and / or insertion of the paintable window supported by the frame to which the fastener is attached. Easy can refer to low labor costs, low labor grades (e.g., low labor qualifications), and / or short labor hours. The fastener can be configured to slide and / or lock for installation on a support structure (e.g., fixture).

[0076] In some embodiments, the connection material is disposed between the display device structure and a fastener (e.g., a bracket and / or a cover). The connection material may include a polymer (e.g., as disclosed herein). The connection material may include a sealing gasket. The connection material may be curable (e.g., by heat, humidity, and / or UV). The connection material may have a low resistance. The connection material may include at least one polymer and / or at least one resin. The connection material may have a low electrical resistance and is thus suitable for use as a packaging material in the electronics industry (e.g., in smartphones, packages, liquid crystal display devices, and personal computers). The connection material may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a very high bond (VHB) material (e.g., 3M VHB4926), or SR, or SRS-40P. The connection material may include an acrylic material. The connection material may retain its properties and shape at ambient temperature. The tensile strength of the connection material may be at least about 0.60 MPa, 0.63 MPa, 0.66 MPa, 0.68 MPa, or 0.70 megapascals (MPa). The shear strength of the connection material may be at least about 0.54 MPa, 0.60 MPa, 0.620 MPa, 0.64 MPa, or 0.68 MPa. The shear strength may be less than the tensile strength. The shear strength and / or the tensile strength may be such that, for example, during the predicted life and / or usage time of the display device structure, they can facilitate the retention of the display device structure by the fastener (or any part of the fattener to which the display device structure is connected by the connection material, e.g., an adhesive). The connection material may be rigid and / or flexible. The connection material may be an adhesive. The connection material may be softer before curing and harder after curing. The connection material may be selected, for example, to support at least the load (e.g., weight) of the display device structure during certain and / or varying conditions (e.g., in accordance with its intended purpose). The bracket may include a straight portion, a curved portion, and / or a corner. The bracket may have no corners. The bracket may be straight or curved.The bracket may include two straight portions (e.g., two arms) that form (e.g., about) one angle. The angle may be a right angle or an obtuse angle. The bracket may be in an "L" shape. The arms of the bracket and / or the cover may be disposed between two panels, in contact with the display matrix, and / or in contact with the adhesive.

[0077] In some embodiments, the wiring is hidden from the user's view by a fastener (e.g., or any of its components). For example, the bracket and / or the cover can hide, for example, one or more (e.g., electrical) wirings connected to the display matrix from the user. The wiring can be connected to the bracket and / or the cover. The bracket and / or the cover may include a recessed portion configured to house the wiring. In some embodiments, the cover and the bracket are the same component (e.g., 531). The recessed portion can be hidden from the user's view (e.g., can be disposed at the rear portion of the bracket and / or the cover). The wiring can be connected to a display matrix (e.g., a light array or an LCD). The wiring can be connected to a controller. The controller can include a timing controller and / or a microcontroller. The connection material (e.g., a connector) can be disposed along the width of the display device structure (e.g., along the fastener structure 104). The connection material can be disposed along at least about 50%, 80%, or 90% of the width of the display device structure. The fastener may include a curved portion. The fastener may include a non-curved portion.

[0078] In some embodiments, the fastener includes a hinge. In some embodiments, the hinge includes two vanes connected by a joint, the joint forming an axis about which the vanes are configured to move. The first vane of the hinge can be operably coupled (e.g., connected) to a bracket and / or cover. The second vane of the hinge can be operably coupled (e.g., connected) to a fixture. The fixture can be a wall or a window frame. The hinge can facilitate movement of the display device structure about the hinge axis. The joint can enable the hinge to open to an acute angle, a right angle, an obtuse angle, a flat angle (e.g., 180 ° ), or a full rotation (e.g., ~360 ° ). Securing the hinge to the fixture and the display device structure (e.g., via brackets and / or covers) facilitates movement of the display device structure about the axis of the hinge joint. Such movement can facilitate maintenance and inspection of the display device structure without interfering with the window (e.g., IGU) and / or the fixture. Maintenance and inspection can include, for example, cleaning, repairing, and / or replacing the display device structure and any of its parts or components.

[0079] In some embodiments, the fastener may include a plurality of components. The plurality of components may include brackets, covers, hinges, and / or substrates. The display device structure may be coupled (e.g., connected) to the bracket and / or cover. The bracket and / or cover may be coupled to one blade of the hinge. The other blade of the hinge can be indirectly coupled to the fixture by directly coupling the other hinge blade to a substrate that is directly connected to the fixture. The substrate may include any fastener material disclosed herein (e.g., elemental metal and / or metal alloy). The fastener can include a plurality of components of the same type. For example, the fastener can include a plurality of hinges, a plurality of brackets, a plurality of covers, and / or a plurality of substrates. The plurality of fastener components can be at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, or 10 (e.g., of the same type or different types) components. The hinge may include a hinge component set (e.g., a knuckle and a pintle). The fastener can include a plurality of hinge component sets. The hinge component sets can be aligned to have a single hinge axis. The fastener can be formed from two blades that pivot about the axis of a hinge complement set. At least one of the blades (e.g., each blade) can include a single slab incorporating half of the plurality of hinge components (e.g., the knuckle), such that when the two blades are integrated, a plurality of functional hinge component sets (as shown in the example of FIG. 37) are created. In some embodiments, the two blades have respective hinge components for forming a plurality of operable hinge components, and the two blades each formed of a single material slap form a fastener that is stronger and / or more durable compared to coupling the display device structure to a plurality of separate fasteners each having a single hinge set.In some embodiments, two blades each having respective hinge components for forming a plurality of operable hinge components, the two blades each formed from a single piece of material slab, form a fastener that is easier to install, maintain, and / or replace compared to coupling a display device structure to a plurality of separate fasteners each having a single hinge set. In some embodiments, two blades each having respective hinge components for forming a plurality of operable hinge components, the two blades each formed from a single piece of material slab, facilitate more accurate alignment of the display device structure compared to coupling the display device structure to a plurality of separate fasteners each having a single hinge set. Such a single fastener provides additional advantages such as incorporating a heat exchanger (e.g., a fan), directing heat exchange (e.g., within the fastener and / or along the display device structure), and / or coupling one or more circuit boards to the fastener.

[0080] In some embodiments, at least one blade of the hinge includes one or more holes. At least one of the one or more holes is configured to allow a screw to pass therethrough to (e.g., reversibly) connect the hinge to a fixture (e.g., a window frame) and / or a bracket. The connection of the fastener (or any component thereof) to the display device structure and / or the fixture (e.g., a window frame) may be (I) irreversible (e.g., using a connecting material) or (II) reversible (e.g., using one or more screws). The fixture and / or the substrate can use both irreversible and reversible connections between itself and the display device structure. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to the window frame and irreversibly connected to the bracket. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to the bracket and irreversibly connected to the window frame. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to the window frame and reversibly connected to the bracket, whereby the bracket is irreversibly connected (e.g., adhered) to the display device structure. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to a wall and reversibly connected to a cover, whereby the cover is irreversibly connected (e.g., adhered) to the display device structure. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to a substrate and reversibly connected to a cover, whereby the cover is irreversibly connected (e.g., adhered) to the display device structure. The substrate can be coupled to the fixture reversibly (e.g., via screws) or irreversibly (e.g., via an anchoring agent (e.g., an adhesive)). FIG. 4 shows a schematic example of a hinge 400 having a first blade 401 with a plurality of holes (e.g., 411) that allow movement of a screw in one direction and a second blade 402 with a plurality of holes that allow movement of a screw in a second direction, where the first direction can be perpendicular to the second direction. The hinge shown in FIG. 4 has an integrative portion 420 that facilitates rotation of the first blade relative to the second blade. In some embodiments, the first blade has holes with a major axis in a first direction, the second blade has holes with a major axis in a second direction, and the first direction forms an angle with the second direction, the angle being non-zero (e.g., the first direction can be perpendicular to the second direction). Thereby, when the hinge is closed and the two blades overlap, the relative direction of the major axes can be measured.In some embodiments, the bracket may be an extension of the hinge blade. In some embodiments, the bracket may be coupled (e.g., fastened) to the hinge blade, for example, reversibly (e.g., via a screw) or irreversibly (e.g., via an adhesive). In some embodiments, the cover may be an extension of the hinge blade. In some embodiments, the cover may be coupled (e.g., fastened) to the hinge blade, for example, reversibly (e.g., via a screw) or irreversibly (e.g., via an adhesive).

[0081] In some embodiments, an electrical circuit is communicatively coupled to the display device structure. The electrical circuit can (i) boost signals transmitted to the display matrix and / or (ii) transmit power arriving from a power source to the display matrix. In some embodiments, the circuit may include a touch screen circuit. In some embodiments, the touch screen circuit may be separate (e.g., and disposed on a touch screen sensor cover). In some embodiments, the circuit can connect the touch screen sensor to a power source. In some embodiments, the touch screen circuit may have a separate connector to the power source.

[0082] Figure 5 shows an example of an assembly 520 to which a display device structure 500 (showing a partial view) is connected. The fastener includes an L-shaped bracket which is the first cover portion 501, thermal pads 505, 506, flexible electrical connectors such as (MXC) connectors, a circuit 502 (e.g., a booster board), a flexible insulator 503, and a second cover portion 504. 510 shows a schematic bottom view of a circuit board with screws and connectivity, and this circuit board is mounted on the cover. Assembly 520 is shown from a different perspective at 530, and 530 shows a display device structure 536, flexible wiring (e.g., MXC) 535, a first portion 531 of the cover which is a bracket (a partial view is shown), a gasket (e.g., a flexible insulator) 533 (a partial view is shown), a circuit 532 (a partial view is shown), and a second portion 534 of the cover (a partial view is shown). The flexible insulator can be a foam gasket (e.g., Poron). The flexible insulator is capable of at least 25% compression. The bracket can have one or more thermal pads disposed thereon. Referring to Figure 5, in one embodiment, the L-shaped bracket 501 is seen to extend across the linear dimension of the transparent display device (and is attached to the cover glass 500), and this L-shaped bracket 501 is the first cover. In one embodiment, the length of the bracket 501 can be up to about 10 feet. The circuit (e.g., a signal booster) can be connected to the display matrix by one or more flexible wirings (e.g., MXC). Sometimes, multiple circuit boards (e.g., at least 2, 3, or 4 boards) can be disposed within the fastener (e.g., between the first cover and the second cover). Figure 5 shows an example of two circuit boards 502 and 507. One or more (e.g., flexible) connectors can connect the circuit board to the flexible display matrix. The number of flexible connectors (e.g., MXC) can be at least 2, 5, 6, 8, or 10. Figure 5 shows examples of flexible connectors 516, 535, and 506. One or more (micro) cable bundles and / or (e.g., micro) coaxial cables can couple (i) a circuit (e.g., a booster) disposed in the fastener to (ii) a controller (e.g., a timing controller).One or more (micro) cable bundles and / or (e.g., micro) coaxial cables can be connected to a circuit board (e.g., a booster board) by a connector. The number of electrical connectors (e.g., connector 630 (a partial view is shown), e.g., an IPLEX connector) between the circuit board and the controller can be at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. FIG. 5 shows an example of an electrical cable 513 connecting a substrate (e.g., a driver board) and a controller (e.g., a timing controller). One or more thin wiring bundles can connect a controller (e.g., a T-CON) to a booster board connected to a flexible connector (e.g., an MXC cable) to a display matrix (e.g., a TOLED). A fosterer may be configured to fix, house, and / or hide the cable and / or wiring so that it is not visible to a viewer of the display device structure.

[0083] An electrical circuit (e.g., and its connection cables) may be at least partially hidden from the user's view by a fastener (or any of its components, e.g., a hinge and / or a substrate). The electrical circuit (e.g., and any of its connection cables) may be at least partially protected from user contact. Brackets, covers, substrates, and / or hinges may have parts that can be opened and closed. The parts that can be opened and closed can rotate around an axis (e.g., the parts that can be opened and closed can rotate around a secondary hinge to facilitate such rotation). The fastener can have one or more of its component types (e.g., one or more brackets, one or more covers, one or more substrates, one or more primary hinges, and / or one or more secondary hinges). One or more components of the fastener can extend to the FLS of the display device structure and / or the viewing window, or a part thereof. The parts that can be opened and closed and / or removed can, for example, facilitate maintenance and inspection of the electrical circuit (e.g., and any of its connection cables) without disassembling the fastener from the support structure to which the fastener is attached and / or from the display device structure. By using an opening (either in combination with a secondary hinge or without a secondary hinge), (i) the connection cables between the E-box and / or the power box and (ii) the circuits attached to the display device structure (e.g., the display device structure and / or the touch screen-related circuits) can be easily removed (e.g., reversibly). Such (e.g., reversible) attachment and detachment of the cables can enable replacement and / or maintenance and inspection of the E-box and / or the power supply without disassembling the fastener from the support structure and / or the display device structure. Such (e.g., reversible) attachment and detachment of the cables can enable replacement and / or maintenance and inspection of the display device structure and / or the fastener without disassembling the E-box and / or the power unit. Such (e.g., reversible) attachment and detachment of the cables can enable separation (e.g., disconnection) between (I) the display device structure-fastener assembly and (II) the E-box and / or the power unit.The display device structure - fastener assembly can optionally include a touch screen facilitator (e.g., sensors and light emitter panels, etc.). For example, an openable and / or removable part (e.g., a secondary hinge) can facilitate maintenance and inspection of the booster substrate or any cables and / or connectors connected thereto. Maintenance and inspection can include removal, repair, replacement, and / or cleaning. For example, the substrate can have a secondary opening that facilitates exposing at least a portion of the controller and / or wiring. FIG. 10 shows an example of a secondary opening including portions 1017 and 1021 as part of the fastening system. A cushioning material can be disposed between the openable and / or removable part and the electrical circuit (e.g., and any connecting cables thereof). The cushioning material can protect the electrical circuit (e.g., and any connecting cables thereof) and / or prevent its movement. The protection can be protection from light, temperature (e.g., heat or cold), contact, humidity, and / or oxygen. The cushioning material can include a polymer foam (e.g., polyurethane). The cushioning material can include a foam gasket. This cushioning material can assist in maintaining the (e.g., appropriate) bending radius of the wiring. The wiring can include, for example, a microflex complete (MXC) cable for connecting the circuit to a controller (e.g., a timing controller) and / or a power source. The wiring can be coupled to the circuit via one or more connectors (e.g., IPEX or micro connectors). The micro connector can connect the circuit (e.g., disposed within the fastener) to the display matrix. The circuit can include a booster substrate. The micro connector can have, for example, a plurality of wirings joined in one envelope. The wiring can include a coaxial cable.

[0084] In some embodiments, the fastener may include a regression that forms an opening. The regression may be a secondary opening. The regression may be centered near the center of the length of the fastener. The regression may or may not be covered. The cover of the regression may or may not be reversible. For example, the cover may be a secondary hinge blade. The cover can be bolted to the fastener using screws and / or clips. The fastener may include two hinge blades coupled to a shaft tube and a pintle mechanism to form a hinge. When the fastener is in the closed hinge position, the regression may be covered. When the (primary) fastener hinge is in the closed position, the regression may be (reversibly) covered. When the (primary) fastener hinge is in the open position, the regression may be (reversibly) opened. FIG. 10 shows a cover 17017 that covers the opening of the fastener 1021. The width of the regression (e.g., FIG. 41, dashed arrow W opening see) may extend up to about 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, or 30% of the width of the hinge blade (e.g., FIG. 41, dashed arrow W total see). The regression may originate from the edge towards the inner part from the hinge blade. The regression may be, for example, an opening with a hinge blade (e.g., a window within the hinge blade) having the above-mentioned reference extension as its width. The length of the opening (e.g., the regression. For example, FIG. 41, dashed arrow L opening see) may extend up to about 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% of the total length of the hinge blade (e.g., FIG. 41, dashed arrow L total see). The regression may extend to a width and / or length that facilitates the connection and / or disconnection of any connector that couples a circuit board to a display device construct and / or a touch screen related device (e.g., sensors and emitter panels). The opening (e.g., the regression) may or may not be located at the center of the length and / or width of the fastener (or its hinge blade).

[0085] In some embodiments, the controller may include a timing controller (abbreviated herein as "T-CON"). The timing controller can control the operation timing of various components of the display matrix (e.g., when an LED lights up within the display matrix). The timing controller can convert between a video signal and the row driver and column driver signals required for the display matrix. The media signal can be transmitted to the T-CON board via a communication interface such as a low voltage differential signal (LVDS), Embedded DisplayPort (eDP), Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI®), Display Serial Interface (DSI), or VX1. The circuit (e.g., the chips and / or the controller therein) may include a frame rate converter of 60 Hz to 120 Hz. The timing controller can refresh the charge and minimize the optical response attenuation of the LCD chemical substance in response to the charge, e.g., maintaining the signal uniformly, avoiding attenuation, and / or at a rate that is appropriately updated. The controller (e.g., T-CON) may be disposed away from the display device construct assembly including the display device construct and the fastening system (e.g., fasteners).

[0086] In some embodiments, the display device structure is operably coupled to a power source (e.g., connected by wiring). The circuit is operably coupled to a power source (e.g., connected by wiring). The connection may be direct or indirect. The indirect connection may be via a circuit (e.g., a booster). The power source may be a secondary power source. The power source may be coupled to a local government power source (e.g., a power plant) and / or a building power source (e.g., a generator, a solar cell, and / or a wind turbine). The power source may be renewable and / or non-renewable. The power source may be coupled to a BMS. The power source may be coupled to a network infrastructure (e.g., as disclosed herein). The power source may supply power at approximately 240V or 120V (e.g., household current) AC. The secondary power source may include a converter that reduces the voltage (e.g., to a maximum of approximately 24V, 48V, or 54 volts (V)). FIG. 6 shows an example of a perspective view of an assembly 600 including a display device structure coupled to a fastener and a circuit, where the fastener 602 (a partial view is shown) is coupled to the display device structure 601 (a partial view is shown), and this display device structure 601 is connected via wiring 603 (a partial view is shown) to a circuit (not shown) disposed within this fastener, and this wiring is fixed by a fastener such as a latching tool 604. The latching tool may be a timer mount. FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a hinge vane 634 to which wiring 633 is connected, this wiring is connected to a circuit 632, and this hinge vane 634 is joined to a hinge vane portion 635 (a partial view is shown) and a hinge vane 636 portion that are connected to a fixture (not shown) by a screw 637. The hinge vane portions 635 and 636 are part of the same hinge vane. FIG. 6 shows an example of a side view of an assembly 620 including a fastener 662 coupled to a fixture (not shown) using a screw, e.g., 661, and the fixture has a hanging wiring 667 that extends from its body and is fastened to a latching tool 666. The wiring 667 is connected to a display device structure (a partial view is shown) that includes (i) a circuit (not shown) disposed within the fastener body 662 and (ii) a display matrix 664 disposed between a thicker glass 665 and a thinner glass 663.FIG. 6 shows an example of a side view of an assembly 612 (similar to 620) disposed in a vertical cross-section of a window frame 610. FIG. 6 shows an example of electrical wiring 630 that can be utilized in a display device structure assembly. The fastener may include a driver and / or a booster substrate. The circuit may facilitate data transmission (e.g., network communication) and / or power transmission.

[0087] The secondary power supply can supply a direct current (DC) voltage. The secondary power supply can be disposed adjacent to the display device structure and / or the IGU. The secondary power supply can be disposed within a window frame, a wall, a floor, or a ceiling. The controller of the display device structure can be disposed separately from the power supply. The shortest distance from (i) the display device structure, booster substrate, driver substrate, and / or timing controller (e.g., T-CON) to (ii) the power supply can be at least about 0.25 m, 0.5 m, 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, 5.5 m, 6 m, 6.5 m, 7 m, 8 m, 10 m, or 20 meters (m). The shortest distance from (i) the display device structure, booster substrate, driver substrate, and / or timing controller to (ii) the power supply can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 0.25 to about 20 m, about 0.25 m to about 5 m, about 5 m to about 7 m, or about 7 m to about 20 m). For example, the shortest distance from (i) the driver and / or booster substrate to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be at least about 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, 5.5 m, 6 m, 6.5 m, 7 m, 8 m, or 10 m. The shortest distance from (i) the driver and / or booster substrate to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 1.5 to about 10 m, about 1.5 m to about 5 m, or about 5 m to about 10 m). The shortest distance from (i) the display device structure and / or booster substrate to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 5’ to about 30’, about 10’ to about 25’, or about 15’ to about 20’). For example, the shortest distance from (i) the driver substrate and / or display device structure to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be at least about 5’, 10’, 15’, 20’, 25’, 25’, 30’, 50’, 100’, 200’, or 300’ (feet).(i) The shortest distance from the device structure and / or booster substrate to (ii) the power supply and / or timing controller can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 5' to about 300', about 10' to about 25', about 15' to about 20', about 20' to about 50', about 50' to about 200', or about 100' to about 300').

[0088] In some embodiments, the local controller can control a viewing (e.g., colorable) window (e.g., as part of an IGU) and / or a display device structure. The local controller can be part of a control network. The control network can be a hierarchical control network (e.g., as disclosed herein). The hierarchy of controllers within the control network can be static or dynamic. The local controller can be disposed adjacent to the display device structure and / or the IGU. The local controller can be disposed within a window frame, a wall, a floor, or a ceiling. In some embodiments, one local controller controls a viewing (e.g., colorable) window and a display device structure (e.g., the media displayed by the display device structure). In some embodiments, separate controllers control a viewing (e.g., colorable) window and a display device structure (e.g., the media displayed by the display device structure). Communication between the local controller and other components of the network interface can be wired and / or wireless. Wired communication can include coaxial cable, twisted pair, NM cable, underground feeder (UF) cable, thermoplastic high heat resistant nylon coated (THHN) wire, thermoplastic heat and water resistant nylon coated (THWN) wire, standard telephone wire, or Category 3 (Cat3) cable, and / or Category 5 (Cat5) cable. The control system (e.g., the local controller) can be communicatively coupled to the display device structure by wired and / or wireless communication (e.g., via a timing controller (T-CON)). For example, the display device structure can be connected to the local controller via one or more wirings and / or wirelessly. For example, the T-CON can be connected to the local controller via one or more wirings. The shortest distance from (i) the display device structure and / or the T-CON to (ii) the local controller can be at least about 0.25 m, 0.5 m, 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, 5.5 m, 6 m, 6.5 m, 7 m, 8 m, 10 meters (m).(i) The shortest distance from the display device structure and / or the T-CON to (ii) the local controller can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 0.25 m to about 10 m, about 0.25 m to about 5 m, about 5 m to about 7 m, or about 7 m to about 10 m). The distance can correspond to the minimum measured value of the wiring length (e.g., when the display device structure is communicably coupled to the local controller at least partially via wiring). The shortest distance (I) between the display device structure and the local controller, and the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power supply may be (e.g., substantially) equal. The shortest distance (I) between the display device structure and the local controller, and the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power supply may not be (e.g., substantially) equal. The shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller, and the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power supply may be (e.g., substantially) equal. For example, the shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller may be smaller than the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power supply. For example, the shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller may be larger than the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power supply. The shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller, and the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power supply may not be (e.g., substantially) equal. For example, the shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller may be smaller than the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power supply. For example, the shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller may be larger than the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power supply.

[0089] Figure 7 shows an example of a vertical cross-section of a display device structure coupled to a circuit and a fastener, which shows an L-shaped bracket 701 in cross-section, a circuit 702 (e.g., a booster substrate), a cable 703, a foam gasket 704, a screw 705, a tape 706, a first glass pane 707, an adhesive (e.g., OCA) 708, a display matrix 709, a second glass pane 710, a cover 714, a bumper 712, an adhesive 713, and a viewing window 711 (partially shown). The display device structure may include a flexible bumper (e.g., a polymer or resin) that separates it from a window (e.g., 711). The bumper can prevent glass-to-glass contact between the display device structure and the window (e.g., a colorable window), and contact that can cause damage to the display device structure and / or the window (e.g., prevent cracks and / or breakage). The bumper can improve safe operation, for example, by allowing the display device structure to pivot about a hinge axis. In one embodiment of the cross-section, the L-shaped bracket is defined by one or more right angles, although the angle may be other than 90 degrees. In the illustrated embodiment, the L-shaped bracket is attached to the cover glass (e.g., 707) via an adhesive element. In an embodiment, the adhesive element is an adhesive tape. In one embodiment, the adhesive tape includes a VHB type of tape. In one embodiment, the adhesive element is a liquid or gel adhesive that joins the L-shaped bracket to the cover glass. The cover glass (e.g., 707) may be plastic, glass, or other transparent material. In one example, the thickness of the cover glass may be about 4 mm, although it may be thicker or thinner than 4 mm. The cover glass may be part of the display device structure (e.g., a transparent display device), and / or elements of the display device structure (e.g., a transparent display device) may be laminated to the cover glass. In the example shown in Figure 7, a second cover glass 710 is laminated to the transparent display device element 709, i.e., the transparent display device element 709 (e.g., a T OLED) is sandwiched between the cover glass 707 and the second cover glass 710. The formed laminated structure may contact the viewing window (e.g., 711) or be arranged parallel to and spaced apart from the viewing window.A laminated structure including a first glass pane 707, a display matrix 709, and a second glass pane 710 (e.g., a second glass cover) can be regarded as a transparent display device assembly (also referred to herein as a "display device structure").

[0090] In one embodiment, the adhesive element is of sufficient strength to support the weight of the transparent display device assembly. As shown, one surface of the L-shaped bracket (e.g., 701) is used as the surface of the adhesive element, and at least much of this surface area is attached to the transparent display device assembly via the cover glass (e.g., 707).

[0091] As shown in the example illustrated in FIG. 7, a cover 714 is attached to the L-shaped bracket 701. In this example, the L-shaped bracket 701 includes a portion protruding from the vertical leg. Together with the cover 714, a chamber is formed, in which the circuit 702 for the display matrix is housed. The circuit 702 can be in the form of a circuit board (e.g., a driver and / or booster board). In one embodiment, the cover seals the electronic device from the environment via one or more gaskets. In one embodiment, the L-shaped bracket 701 is configured to provide movement and / or physical connection between the window frame and the display device structure (see, e.g., FIG. 1A). In one embodiment, the circuit 702 is coupled to the display matrix via one or more conductors, such as ribbon cables, flexible circuits, and / or other wired connections 175. In certain embodiments, the wired connection 175 (see FIG. 2b) can be a micro coaxial cable (see, e.g., FIGS. 8, 802). In an embodiment, the wired connection 802 can terminate at an L-shaped bracket with a multi-pin connector (see FIGS. 8, 803).

[0092] In some embodiments, the display device structure includes a touch screen. The display device structure can be provided with one or more optical sensors at its edge to facilitate the function of the touch screen by the user. The touch screen can receive contact (e.g., touch) input from the user and deliver an output response. The response can be functional and can include visual, data, or sound changes. The touch screen can utilize a display matrix. The display device structure can be operably coupled to an information processing system (e.g., including one or more processors and / or a network interface). The user can interact with the information processing system via simple (e.g., single-touch gesture) or multi-touch gestures by touching the display device structure panel facing the user. The touch can be performed using a specialized device (e.g., a stylus or an electronic pen) or a part or any part of the user's body (e.g., more fingers). The specialized device can be adapted to the display device structure. The touch screen can be a resistive film touch screen, an elastic surface wave touch screen (e.g., using ultrasonic waves), an electrostatic touch screen, an infrared grid touch screen (e.g., using photodetectors), an optical imaging (e.g., using a CMOS sensor), an infrared acrylic projection (e.g., including infrared LEDs), a distributed signal touch screen, or an acoustic pulse recognition touch screen. The display device structure is enhanced according to the requirements of the touch screen technology. For example, if sensors (e.g., CMOS) and / or projectors (e.g., LEDs) are required for the touch screen, they are added to the display device structure, for example, by placing them within a frame surrounding at least a part of the display device structure.

[0093] In some embodiments, the display device structure can function as a touch screen. The frame can include one or more sensors disposed on or within the frame. The frame may include circuitry, one or more connectors (e.g., to a power source and / or network system), and any optical components (e.g., reflectors, mirrors, prisms, beam splitters, and / or lenses). The sensors can be configured to detect the presence and position of the user's finger, stylus, marker, smart pen, and / or other markings and / or pointing devices within the area enclosed by the frame shape (e.g., the area spanned by the surface of the transparent display device assembly). The sensors can be disposed along and / or within the length of one or more frame portions (e.g., within a channel defined by one or more frame portions). One or more frame portions can include sensors, circuitry, and / or connections. One or more frame portions can include at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 frame portions (e.g., 1012, 1019, and 1020). The frame portion can be a bezel. The frame portion can include a groove. The frame portion can be configured to hold the display device structure. The width of the groove of the frame portion can be configured to correspond to the width of the display device structure. In some embodiments, all edges (e.g., sides) of the display device structure can include a touch screen frame. The circuitry can process signals from the sensors and output a signal representing the position of a marking or pointing device within the area enclosed by the frame. The frame may include connections to other circuitry, and the other circuitry can include circuitry disposed on or coupled to the transparent display device assembly (e.g., circuitry on an L-shaped bracket). The circuitry can include one or more of a processor, memory, display device, analog and / or digital circuitry, but is not limited thereto.

[0094] The frame can provide a transparent display device assembly with an interactive display function (such as a whiteboard function). The fixed or moving position of the user's finger or pointing device relative to the transparent display device can be sensed by sensors of the frame within the area surrounded by the frame, and a signal representing the position can be generated by the circuit of the frame. The signal representing the position within the area surrounded by the frame can include a signal compatible with the display technology of the display device. In some embodiments, the signal representing the position within the area surrounded by the frame includes, but is not limited to, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) and / or High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) signal. The signal representing the fixed or moving position of the user's finger or pointing device within the area of the frame can be processed by software and / or circuitry associated with the frame and / or the transparent frame assembly. The processed signal can be displayed on the transparent display device assembly, for example, in the form of a representation of the fixed or moving position (e.g., writing, printing, as a shape). The software associated with the frame and / or the transparent display device can be configured to provide other functions, including, but not limited to, (i) displaying the sensed position of the user's finger or other pointing device on another display device or device, (ii) interaction of two or more users with the transparent display device and the frame, (iii) export of the displayed content, (iv) import of the display content, (v) erasure of the displayed content, and / or (vi) selection of the display color. In one embodiment, the frame can include one or more commercially available touchscreens (e.g., from FlatFrog USA Inc., 333 West San Carlos Street, San Jose CA 95110).

[0095] Figure 10 shows an example of a display device structure 1010 and components of a fastener. The components of the fastener include blades 1021, primary hinges 1018 and 1015 that enable the display device structure to pivot about an axis, and a secondary hinge (including portion 1017) that facilitates the exposure of a portion of a circuit 1016 (e.g., a booster board and / or a driver board). The blade 1021 has an opening that facilitates access to the circuit 1016 through an opening covered by the hinge blade 1017. The display device structure 1010 is framed by a touch screen sensor array 1013 and protective covers 1012 and 1019 that cover this sensor array with a protective frame. The display device structure 1050 shows a covered and assembled touch screen sensor array 1052 and an assembled fastener 1056. In some examples, there is no secondary hinge (e.g., 1017) (e.g., as in Example 3504). In some embodiments, the fastener (including the primary hinge) has an opening through which at least a portion of a circuit (e.g., a PCB) is visible and / or accessible. For example, at least some of the connectors within the circuit may be visible and / or accessible through the opening. For example, at least some of the connectors between the circuit and the display device structure may be visible and / or accessible through the opening (e.g., refer to opening 3504 that enables the connector 3509 mounted on circuit 3530 (e.g., including a booster and / or a driver board) in FIG. 35 to be seen).

[0096] In one embodiment, the fastener includes one or more portions configured to provide a physical connection (e.g., a hinge) of a transparent display device to a window. In one embodiment, one or more portions of the fastener are configured to provide movement (e.g., using the hinge of the fastener) between the transparent display device and the light of the window.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 4, in one embodiment, the L-shaped bracket includes one or more hinges, such as hinge 400. In one embodiment, the hinge includes a plurality of elongated holes or slots. In one embodiment, the elongation axis of at least one of the plurality of holes is orthogonal to the elongation axis of at least one of the other plurality of holes. This enables a method of installing the transparent display device assembly in the window frame. For example, one or more hinges (e.g., 400) are attached to the window frame through the holes, and the holes provide a distance by which the transparent display device assembly is separated from the window (e.g., 711). Prior to such attachment, the L-shaped bracket (e.g., 701) is pre-attached to the transparent display device assembly and can be affixed to the other leg of one or more hinges (e.g., 400), thereby centering the L-shaped bracket / transparent display device element within the visible area of the window between the frame elements through the other plurality of holes that are orthogonal to the holes in the other leg of the hinge.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 7, in one embodiment, one or more hinges have a joint portion 750 that connects a first hinge blade 752 and a second hinge blade 753 shown in the closed position 791. The open position is shown at 720, and the dotted arrow 790 indicating the relative movement of the first hinge blade can be referred to herein as the "first leg", and the second hinge blade can be referred to herein as the "second leg". The first leg can be coupled to a bracket or can include a bracket. The fasteners including the hinge blades 752 and 753 are coupled to a display device structure 754 (a partial view is shown) and a window 751 (a partial view is shown). The second leg can be coupled to a window frame 755. In one embodiment, one or more hinges are configured to enable movement of the transparent display device assembly away from or toward the viewing window. In one embodiment, this movement is a rotation about a longitudinal axis, i.e., a pivotal movement. In one embodiment, while the transparent display device is moving relative to the viewing window, there is no movement of the transparent display device assembly relative to the circuit 757 (e.g., a booster and / or driver substrate), conductors 758 such as ribbon cables, and / or other wiring elements used to couple the transparent display device to the circuit. FIG. 7 shows an example of a display device structure 784 (a partial view) coupled to a first hinge blade 782. The hinge blade 782 is joined by a joint portion 780 to a second hinge blade 783 that is coupled to a cover 785 coupled to the window frame of a window 781 (a partial view is shown).

[0099] In this configuration, the lifespan of the electrical connection between the display device and the controller (e.g., T-CON) is increased because this connection is not affected by the movements and frictions associated with the movement of the transparent display device and fastener (e.g., bracket) assembly.

[0100] Referring to FIG. 8, in one embodiment, a seal is provided along at least three edges of the transparent display device assembly, e.g., along the edges of the laminated assembly described herein. In an embodiment, the seal is in the form of a silicone or other transparent plastic, resin, or other polymer cap (or bumper) that fits over the edges of the laminated transparent assembly and seals the unit. The seal may provide a bumper function between a second cover glass (e.g., FIG. 7, 710) and the window (e.g., FIG. 7, 711). FIG. 8 shows an example of a perspective view of a display device structure 580 and an example of a seal applied along three sides of the display device structure 850 according to arrows 811, 812, and 813, e.g., by using an applicator (e.g., a syringe gun) 810. The display device structure 850 is coupled to a fastener 530, and on the fastener, wiring 802 connects a display matrix within the display device structure using a circuit (not shown) disposed within the fastener. Also, in the example of FIG. 8, the display device structure 850 is also shown as a vertical cross-section 830 of a portion of the display device structure that includes a thicker glass pane 804, a thinner glass pane 805, adhesive layers 806 and 808, a display matrix 807, and a seal 809. The seal may protrude from the glass pane and / or may function as a bumper. The protrusions of the seal may be random or may be directional. For example, the protrusions may be directed towards one side of the display device structure (e.g., defined such that the protrusions contact the window). The protrusions of the seal may be (e.g., substantially) uniform or non-uniform (e.g., even if directed towards one side of the display device structure).

[0101] FIG. 9 shows an example of a cover 903 (shown in cross-section) that can be used to hide the L-shaped bracket 904 from view. The cover 903 can be removably attached to the window frame 905. Power and communication can be delivered to the transparent display device assembly via wiring 906 housed within the window frame 905 in this example. The L-shaped bracket can enable maintenance inspection or replacement of the transparent display device and / or any circuitry (e.g., where a portion is disposed on a fixture that is part of the bracket). FIG. 9 shows an example of a transparent display device assembly having a display device structure that includes a pane 907 (e.g., of glass), a display matrix 908, and a pane 902 (e.g., of glass), and this display device structure is coupled to or forms the frame 905. The frame can include portions that are coupled to each other or configured to be coupled to each other. The frame can include at least three portions. The frame can include a shape that matches (e.g., approximates) the shape of at least a portion of the perimeter of the display device structure (e.g., the transparent display device assembly). The frame can be coupled or attached to the side (or edge) of the display device structure (e.g., the transparent display device assembly). In one embodiment, the frame portions are coupled to each other to form the frame shape, for example, after the frame portions are coupled to the display device structure (e.g., the transparent display device assembly). In one embodiment, the frame portions can be coupled to each other to form the frame shape, for example, before the frame portions are coupled to the display device structure (e.g., the transparent display device assembly). The display device structure (e.g., the transparent display device assembly) can be positioned within the region surrounded by the frame shape. The frame portions can include channels (e.g., U-shaped channels) that are configured to receive and / or hold the sides of the transparent display device assembly therein.

[0102] FIG. 9 shows an example of 953 where a fastener is attached to a window frame (e.g., a marion) portion 951 (this fastener includes a hinge / lock 952). The fastener 953 is coupled to a display device structure 954 (shown in partial view) and an integrated glass unit 961 (IGU) (shown in partial view), and the integrated glass unit 961 includes a first pane 955, an enclosed environment 957, a second pane 956, and an electrochromic structure 958 disposed on the pane 956. The enclosed environment of the IGU can be made thermally insulated, (e.g., sealed) encapsulated, and / or inert. FIG. 9 shows an example of a power unit and / or a controller (e.g., a timing controller) collectively designated as 959 disposed on the frame portion 951, and an electrical wiring and / or communication path 960 that proceeds from the external environment of the window frame 951 to the display device structure 954. The electrical wiring and / or communication path can proceed through the window frame to the IGU. The electrical wiring and / or communication path can proceed through the controller and / or the power assembly to the IGU. The pane is made of a transparent rigid material (e.g., a polymer such as glass or plastic). Transparent can be at least wavelengths perceivable by an average human viewer.

[0103] The present invention should not be limited by the embodiments, aspects, and advantages disclosed above, as other embodiments, aspects, and advantages are within its scope including one or more of the following. In one embodiment, the present invention includes a structure (e.g., a fastener), and this structure (e.g., a fastener) includes a first part and a second part, and the first part and the second part are configured to move relative to each other. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more brackets. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more hinges. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more electrical connectors. In one embodiment, the electrical connector includes a micro coaxial cable. In one embodiment, the electrical connector includes one or more ribbon cables. In one embodiment, the structure is configured to be attached to a display device structure (e.g., including a transparent display device). In one embodiment, the transparent display device is a T.OLED display device. In one embodiment, the display device structure (e.g., including a transparent display device) includes one or more optically clear glasses, cured polymers (e.g., plastics), or cured resins. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more electronic circuits configured to communicate with a display matrix (e.g., a transparent display matrix). In one embodiment, the structure is configured to be attached to a frame. In one embodiment, the frame includes a window frame. In one embodiment, the structure is configured to be attached to the FLS (e.g., length) of a transparent display device. In one embodiment, the structure includes a length, and the length is from about 0.1 feet to about 10 feet. In one embodiment, the first part of the fastener includes at least one bracket, and the second part of the fastener includes one or more hinges. In one embodiment, the structure includes a display matrix and an adhesive element, and the display matrix is attached to the first part and / or the second part, for example, via the adhesive element. In one embodiment, the adhesive element includes an adhesive tape. In one embodiment, the adhesive tape includes a VHB tape. In one embodiment, the first part of the fastener and / or the second part of the fastener are configured to be attached to a viewing window (e.g., a colorable window).In one embodiment, the first part of the fastener is configured to be attached to the display device structure, and the second part is configured to be attached to the window (where the second part includes a hinge). In one embodiment, the hinge includes a plurality of elongated holes, and the elongation axis of at least one of the plurality of holes is orthogonal to the elongation axis of at least one of the other plurality of holes.

[0104] In one embodiment, the present invention includes a frame. The frame may be composed of a transparent display device and a fastener (including a bracket), and the fastener is configured to provide movement and physical connection between the frame and the display device structure (e.g., including a transparent display device). In one embodiment, the frame includes a window frame. In one embodiment, the bracket includes an L-shaped bracket, and the L-shaped bracket is coupled to the frame and the display device structure (e.g., including a transparent display device). In one embodiment, the bracket is coupled to the transparent display device via an adhesive structure. In one embodiment, the adhesive structure includes an adhesive tape. In one embodiment, the bracket includes one or more hinges. In one embodiment, the hinge is configured to provide movement of the display device structure (e.g., including a transparent display device) relative to a fixed object (e.g., a window frame). In one embodiment, the movement includes a rotational movement. In one embodiment, the movement is centered about a horizontal axis. In one embodiment, the movement is centered about a vertical axis. In one embodiment, the frame includes a light (e.g., window glass). In one embodiment, the bracket is configured to bring the surface of the transparent display device closer to or move it relative to the surface of the light. In one embodiment, the frame defines an inner region (e.g., the surface of the window within the frame), and the transparent display device includes a height and a width that define a region that fits within the inner region. In one embodiment, the region of the display device structure (e.g., including a transparent display device) fits within (e.g., substantially) the entire inner region. In one embodiment, the region of the transparent display device fits within half or less than half of the inner region. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more conductors, a ribbon cable, and / or a connector, and the one or more conductors, ribbon cable, and / or connector provide an electrical connection between the control unit and the transparent display device.

[0105] In some embodiments, an assembly having a display device structure and a fastener is formed. The display device structure can be adhered to at least one component of the fastener, such as a bracket. FIG. 11 shows an example of the stage of constructing an assembly of the display device structure and the fastener. At 1110, the display device structure 1112 has an area 1112 designated for adhesive application. At 1120, the adhesive is applied to the designated area for the adhesive along an arrow, for example, the arrow 1121. At 1130, the fastener 1131 (for example, an L-shaped bracket) is placed on the designated area for the adhesive where the adhesive is applied. Items 1121, 1131, and 1112 represent parts of the display device structure. The fastener and the display device structure can be arranged in the same plane or different planes. At least a part of the fastener can be arranged in the same plane or a different plane with respect to the display device structure. The display device structure can be coupled at an angle with respect to the fastener (as shown, for example, in FIG. 12, 1210). The display device structure and the fastener can form one plane (as shown, for example, in 1220). FIG. 12 shows an example where the display device structure 1211 forms an angle with the fastener 1218, and an example where the display device structure 1221 forms a plane with the fastener 1228. The display device structure can include an irradiation entity (such as an LED) that irradiates more in one direction than in another direction (for example, more in the front direction than in the rear direction). The image displayed by the display matrix may appear clearer from one side of the display matrix than from the opposite side. The display device structure can include two display matrices (such as LED matrices) of irradiation entities arranged back-to-back. At least one (for example, each) of the two display matrices can be arranged with the side having more irradiation facing away from the back (and towards the viewer) and the side having less irradiation facing towards the back (and away from the viewer). The back-to-back arrangement of the display matrices in the display device structure can facilitate the viewing of a clear image from both sides of the display device structure. A display device structure having a back-to-back display matrix can utilize a flat fastener (such as 1228).In some embodiments, two display device structures may be disposed adjacent to each other in a back-to-back configuration. For example, at least one (e.g., each) of the display device structures can direct the more irradiated side away from the back (and towards the viewer) and the less irradiated side towards the back (and away from the viewer). The two back-to-back display device structures can be fastened to a structure (e.g., a fixture) using a flat fastener (e.g., 1228).

[0106] In some embodiments, the window is disposed within the enclosure. In some embodiments, the enclosure includes a region defined by at least one structure. The at least one structure can include at least one wall. The enclosure can include and / or enclose one or more sub-enclosures. The at least one wall can include metal (e.g., steel), clay, stone, plastic, glass, plaster (e.g., gypsum), polymer (e.g., polyurethane, styrene, or vinyl), asbestos, fiberglass, concrete (e.g., reinforced concrete), wood, paper, or ceramic. The at least one wall can include wire, brick, block (e.g., cinder block), tile, drywall, or frame (e.g., steel frame).

[0107] In some embodiments, the enclosure includes one or more openings. The one or more openings may be reversibly closable. The one or more openings may be permanently openable. The basic length scale of the one or more openings may be smaller than the basic length scale of the walls defining the enclosure. The basic length scale may include the diameter, length, width, or height of a bounding circle. The surface of the one or more openings may be smaller than the surface of the walls defining the enclosure. The opening surface may be a percentage of the total surface of the walls. For example, the opening surface may be about 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the walls. The walls may include a floor, ceiling, or side walls. The closable opening may be closed by at least one window or door. The enclosure may be at least a portion of a facility. The enclosure may include at least a portion of a building. The building may be a private building and / or a commercial building. The building may include one or more floors. The building (e.g., its floors) may include at least one of rooms, halls, lobbies, attics, basements, balconies (e.g., inner or outer balconies), stairwells, corridors, elevator shafts, facades, mezzanines, penthouses, garages, porches (e.g., enclosed porches), terraces (e.g., enclosed terraces), cafeterias, and / or ducts. In some embodiments, the enclosure may be fixed and / or movable (e.g., a train, airplane, ship, vehicle, or rocket).

[0108] Certain disclosed embodiments provide a network infrastructure within an enclosure (e.g., a facility such as a building). The network infrastructure can be utilized for various purposes such as providing communication and / or power services. The communication services can include high-bandwidth (e.g., wireless and / or wired) communication services. The communication services can be for the occupants of the facility and / or users outside the facility (e.g., building). The network infrastructure can operate in cooperation with, or partially replace, the infrastructure of one or more cellular phone companies. The network infrastructure can be provided in a facility that includes electrically switchable windows. Examples of components of the network infrastructure include high-speed backhaul. The network infrastructure can include at least one cable, switch, physical antenna, transceiver, sensor, transmitter, receiver, radio, processor, and / or controller (which may include a processor). The network infrastructure can be operably coupled to, and / or include, a wireless network. The network infrastructure can include wiring. As part of, and / or after, the installation of the network, one or more sensors can be deployed (e.g., installed) within the environment. The network infrastructure can be configured to facilitate at least third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), or fifth-generation (5G) cellular phone communication. The network can be configured to facilitate media transmission (e.g., presentation, still photo, or video (e.g., movie) transmission). The network can be configured to simultaneously communicate data and power (e.g., on the same cable such as a coaxial cable).

[0109] In some embodiments, the enclosure includes one or more sensors. The sensors can facilitate controlling the environment of the enclosure such that the inhabitants of the enclosure have an environment that is more comfortable, enjoyable, beautiful, healthy, productive (e.g., from the perspective of living performance), livable (e.g., easy to work in), or any combination thereof. The sensors can be configured as low-resolution or high-resolution sensors. The sensors can provide an on / off indication of the occurrence and / or presence of a particular environmental event (e.g., a one-pixel sensor).

[0110] In various embodiments, the network infrastructure supports a control system for one or more viewing windows, such as electrochromic (e.g., colorable) windows. The control system can include one or more controllers operably coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly) to the one or more windows. In some embodiments, the electrochromic windows are examples of optically switchable windows, colorable windows, and / or smart windows. The concepts disclosed herein can be applied to other types of switchable optical devices, including, for example, liquid crystal devices or suspended particle devices. For example, instead of or in addition to electrochromic devices, liquid crystal devices and / or suspended particle devices may be implemented.

[0111] In some embodiments, a colorable window exhibits a (e.g., controllable and / or reversible) change in at least one optical property of the window when a stimulus is applied. The stimulus can include optical, electrical, and / or magnetic stimuli. For example, the stimulus can include an applied voltage. One or more colorable windows can be used to control lighting and / or glare conditions, for example, by adjusting the transmission of solar energy passing through them. One or more colorable windows can be used to control the temperature inside a building, for example, by adjusting the transmission of solar energy passing through them. Controlling solar energy can control the heat load imposed on the inside of a facility (e.g., a building). The control can be manual and / or automatic. The control can be used to maintain one or more required (e.g., environmental) conditions, such as the comfort of the occupants. The control can include reducing the energy consumption of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and / or lighting systems. At least two of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by separate systems. At least two of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by one system. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by a single system (abbreviated herein as "HVAC"). In some cases, the colorable window may respond (e.g., be communicatively coupled) to one or more environmental sensors and / or user controls. The colorable window can include (e.g., can be) an electrochromic window. The window can be located within the range from the inside to the outside of a structure (e.g., a facility, e.g., a building), but this is not necessarily the case. The colorable window can operate using a liquid crystal device, a suspended particle device, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device (such as a microshutter), or any technology configured to control light transmission through the window.(For example, a window with a colorizing MEMS device) is described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 443,353, entitled "MULTI-PANE WINDOWS INCLUDING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICES", filed on May 15, 2015, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Optionally, one or more viewing (e.g., colorizable) windows can be located inside a building, e.g., between a conference room and a hallway. Optionally, one or more viewing (e.g., colorizable) windows can be used in automobiles, trains, airplanes, and other vehicles, e.g., instead of passive and / or non-colored windows.

[0112] In some embodiments, the colorable window includes an electrochromic device (referred to herein as an "EC device" (abbreviated as ECD herein), or "EC" for short). The EC device may include at least one coating including at least one layer. The at least one layer can include an electrochromic material. In some embodiments, the electrochromic material exhibits a change from one optical state to another, for example, when a potential is applied to the EC device. The transition of the electrochromic layer from one optical state to another can be caused, for example, by reversible ion insertion into the electrochromic material (e.g., by intercalation), or semi-reversible ion insertion, or irreversible ion insertion, and the corresponding injection of charge-balancing electrons. For example, the transition of the electrochromic layer from one optical state to another can be caused, for example, by reversible ion insertion into the electrochromic material (e.g., by intercalation) and the corresponding injection of charge-balancing electrons. Reversible can be within the expected lifetime of the ECD. Semi-reversible refers to a measurable (e.g., noticeable) degradation in the reversibility of the window's tint over one or more coloring cycles. In some cases, some (e.g., all) of the ions involved in the optical transition irreversibly bind to the electrochromic material (e.g., thus the induced (altered) tint state of the window is not reversible with respect to the original tint state). In various EC devices, at least some (e.g., all) of the irreversibly bound ions can be used to compensate for "hidden charges" in the material (e.g., ECD).

[0113] In some implementations, suitable ions include cations. The cations can include lithium ions (Li+) and / or hydrogen ions (H+) (i.e., protons). In some implementations, other ions may be suitable. The intercalation of cations can be an insertion into (for example, a metal) oxide. A change in the intercalation state of ions (for example, cations) into an oxide can induce a visible change in the coloration (for example, color) of the oxide. For example, the oxide can transition from a colorless state to a colored state. For example, the intercalation of lithium ions into tungsten oxide (WO3-y(0 < y ≦ about 0.3)) can change tungsten oxide from a transparent state to a colored (for example, blue) state. The EC device coating described herein is located within the visible portion of the colorable window so that the optical state of the colorable window can be controlled using the coloring of the EC device coating.

[0114] FIG. 13 shows an example of a schematic cross-section of an electrochromic construct 1300 according to some embodiments. The EC device coating is disposed on a substrate 1302, a transparent conductive layer (TCL) 1304, an electrochromic layer (EC) 1306 (which may also be referred to as a cathode coloring layer or a cathode coloring layer), an ion conducting layer or region (IC) 1308, a counter electrode layer (CE) 1310 (which may also be referred to as an anode coloring layer or an anode coloring layer), and a second TCL 1314. Elements 1304, 1306, 1308, 1310, and 1314 are collectively referred to as the electrochromic stack 120. A voltage source 1316 operable to apply a potential across opposite ends of the electrochromic stack 1320 causes, for example, a transition of the electrochromic coating from a clear state to a colored state. In other embodiments, the order of the layers is reversed with respect to the substrate. Thus the layers are in the following order, namely, substrate, TCL, counter electrode layer, ion conducting layer, electrochromic material layer, TCL.

[0115] In various embodiments, the ion conductor region (e.g., 1308) can be formed from a portion of the EC layer (e.g., 1306) and / or from a portion of the CE layer (e.g., 1310). In such embodiments, the electrochromic stack (e.g., 1320) can be deposited to include a cathodically coloring electrochromic material (EC layer) that physically contacts directly an anodically coloring counter electrode material (CE layer). The ion conductor region (also sometimes referred to as an interface region or an ion-conductive substantially electronically insulating layer or region) can be formed, for example, through heating and / or other processing steps, at the location where the EC layer and the CE layer are in contact. Examples of electrochromic devices (including, for example, those fabricated without depositing a separate ion conductor material) can be found in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 462,725, filed May 2, 2012, entitled "ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the EC device coating can include one or more additional layers, such as one or more passive layers. The passive layers can be used to improve certain optical properties, to provide wetting, and / or to provide scratch resistance. These passive layers and / or other passive layers can function to seal the EC stack 120. Various layers, including transparent conductive layers (such as 1304 and 1314), can be treated with an antireflection layer and / or a protective layer (e.g., an oxide layer and / or a nitride layer).

[0116] In certain embodiments, the electrochromic device is configured to reversibly cycle (e.g., substantially) between a (substantially) clear state and a colored state. Reversible can be within the expected lifetime of the ECD. The expected lifetime can be at least about 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, 25 years, 50 years, 75 years, or 100 years. The expected lifetime can be any value between the foregoing values (e.g., about 5 years to about 100 years, about 2 years to about 25 years, about 25 years to about 50 years, or about 50 years to about 100 years). When the window is in a first color state (e.g., transparent), a potential can be applied to the electrochromic stack (e.g., 1320) such that available ions within the stack that can color the electrochromic material (e.g., 1306) are primarily present at the counter electrode (e.g., 1310). When the potential applied to the electrochromic stack is reversed, the ions are transported across the ion conducting layer (e.g., 1308) to the electrochromic material, which can change the material to a second color state (e.g., a colored state).

[0117] Furthermore, it should be understood that references to transitions between a clear state and a colored state are non-limiting and suggest only one example among many electrochromic transitions that can be implemented. Unless otherwise specified herein, whenever reference is made to a clear-colored transition, the corresponding device or process encompasses other optical state transitions such as non-reflective-reflective and / or transparent-opaque. In some embodiments, the terms "clear" and "bleached" refer to an optically neutral state, e.g., uncolored, transparent and / or translucent. In some embodiments, the "color" or "hue" of the electrochromic transition is not limited to any wavelength or wavelength range. The selection of appropriate electrochromic and counter electrode materials can govern the associated optical transition (e.g., from a colored state to an uncolored state).

[0118] In certain embodiments, at least a portion (e.g., all) of the materials that make up the electrochromic stack is inorganic, solid (i.e., in the solid state), or both inorganic and solid. Inorganic materials offer the advantage of a highly reliable electrochromic stack that can function over long periods, as various organic materials tend to degrade over time, especially when exposed to heat or ultraviolet light, such as in the case of tinted building windows. In some embodiments, solid-state materials can offer the advantage of minimizing contamination and leakage problems, as can sometimes be the case with liquid-state materials. One or more of the layers within the stack may contain some (e.g., measurable) organic material. The ECD or any portion thereof (e.g., one or more of the layers) may contain little or no measurable organic matter. The ECD or any portion thereof (e.g., one or more of the layers) may contain one or more liquids that may be present in small amounts. Small amounts can be up to about 100 ppm, 10 ppm, or 1 ppm of the ECD. Solid materials can be deposited (or otherwise formed) using one or more processes that employ a liquid component, such as certain processes that employ sol-gel, physical vapor deposition, and / or chemical vapor deposition.

[0119] FIG. 14 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of a colorable window embodied in an insulating glass unit (“IGU”) 1400, according to some embodiments. When provided for installation in a building, it may be desirable to function the IGU as a basic structure for holding electrochromic panes (also referred to herein as “lites” and the singular “lite”). The IGU lite can be a single-substrate or multi-substrate structure. The lite can include, for example, a laminate of two substrates. An IGU (e.g., having a double-pane configuration or a triple-pane configuration) can provide many advantages over a single-pane configuration. For example, a multi-pane configuration can provide enhanced thermal insulation, noise insulation, environmental protection, and / or durability as compared to a single-pane configuration. In a multi-pane configuration, enhanced protection of the ECD can result. For example, an electrochromic film (e.g., as well as associated layers and conductive interconnects) can be formed on the inner surface of the multi-pane IGU and protected by an inert gas fill within the inner volume (e.g., 1408) of the IGU. The inert gas fill can provide at least some degree of (thermal) insulation function to the IGU. The electrochromic IGU may have a heat-blocking function, for example, by a colorable coating that absorbs (and / or reflects) heat and light.

[0120] In some embodiments, an "IGU" includes two (or more) substantially transparent substrates. For example, an IGU can include two glass panes. At least one substrate of the IGU can include an electrochromic device disposed thereon. A separator may be disposed between one or more panes of the IGU. The IGU can be, for example, a sealed structure having an inner region isolated from the surrounding environment. An "window assembly" can include an IGU. An "window assembly" can include a laminate (e.g., a stand-alone). An "window assembly" can include, for example, one or more electrical leads for connecting the IGU and / or the laminate. The electrical leads can operably couple (e.g., connect) one or more electrochromic devices to a voltage source, a switch, etc., and can include a frame that supports the IGU or the laminate. The window assembly can include a window controller and / or components of the window controller (e.g., a dock).

[0121] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary implementation of an IGU 1400 that includes a first pane 1404 having a first surface S1 and a second surface S2. In some implementations, the first surface S1 of the first pane 1404 faces an outer environment, such as an outdoor or external environment. The IGU 200 also includes a second pane 1406 having a first surface S3 and a second surface S4. In some implementations, the second surface (e.g., S4) of the second pane (e.g., 1406) faces an inner environment, such as the interior environment of a home, a building, a vehicle, or a compartment thereof (e.g., an enclosure such as a room within them).

[0122] In some implementations, the first and second panes (e.g., 1404 and 1406) are transparent or translucent, for example, at least to light in the visible spectrum. For example, each pane (e.g., 1404 and 1406) can be formed of a glass material. The glass material can include architectural glass and / or shatterproof glass. The glass is silicon oxide (SO x) may be included. The glass may include soda-lime glass or float glass. The glass may include at least about 75% silica (SiO2). The glass may include oxides such as Na2O or CaO. The glass may include alkali or alkaline earth oxides. The glass may include one or more additives. The first pane and / or the second pane can include any material having suitable optical, electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties. Other materials (e.g., substrates) that can be included in the first pane and / or the second pane include plastics, semi-plastics, and / or thermoplastic materials such as poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, allyl diglycol carbonate, SAN (styrene acrylonitrile copolymer), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyester, and / or polyamide. The first pane and / or the second pane may include a mirror material (e.g., silver). In some implementations, the first pane and / or the second pane can be strengthened. Strengthening may include annealing, heating, and / or chemical strengthening.

[0123] In some embodiments, the sensor is operably coupled to at least one controller and / or processor. The readings of the sensor can be obtained by one or more processors and / or controllers. The controller can comprise a processing unit (e.g., a CPU or GPU). The controller can receive an input (e.g., from at least one sensor). The controller can comprise circuitry, electrical wiring, optical wiring, sockets, and / or connectors. The controller can deliver an output. The controller can comprise a plurality of (e.g., sub) controllers. The controller can be part of a control system. The control system can comprise a master controller, a floor (e.g., comprising a network controller) controller, a local controller. The local controller can be a window controller (e.g., controlling an optically switchable window), an enclosure controller, or a component controller. For example, the controller can be part of a hierarchical control system (e.g., comprising a main controller that directs one or more controllers, e.g., floor controllers, local controllers (e.g., window controllers), enclosure controllers, and / or component controllers). The physical location of the controller type within the hierarchical control system can vary. For example, the first time, the first processor can act as the main controller, the second processor can act as the floor controller, and the third processor can act as the local controller. The second time, the second processor can act as the main controller, the first processor can act as the floor controller, and the third processor can continue to act as the local controller. The third time, the third processor can act as the main controller, the second processor can act as the floor controller, and the first processor can act as the local controller. The controller can control one or more devices (e.g., directly coupled to the device). The controller can be located proximal to one or more devices that it controls.For example, the controller can control an optically switchable device (e.g., IGU), an antenna, a sensor, and / or an output device (e.g., a light source, a sound source, a smell source, a gas source, an HVAC outlet, or a heater). In one embodiment, the floor controller can direct one or more window controllers, one or more enclosure controllers, one or more component controllers, or any combination thereof. The floor controller can include a floor controller. For example, a floor controller (e.g., including a network controller) can control a plurality of local controllers (e.g., including window controllers). The plurality of local controllers can be disposed in a part of the facility (e.g., a part of a building). A part of the facility can be a floor of the facility. For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a floor. In some embodiments, a floor can include a plurality of floor controllers, e.g., depending on the floor size and / or the number of local controllers coupled to the floor controller. For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a part of a floor. For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a part of the local controllers disposed within the facility. For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a part of a floor of the facility. A master controller can be coupled to one or more floor controllers. The floor controller can be disposed within the facility. The master controller can be disposed within the facility or outside the facility. The master controller can be disposed in the cloud. The controller can be part of a building management system or operably coupled to a building management system. The controller can receive one or more inputs. The controller can generate one or more outputs. The controller can be a single-input single-output controller (SISO) or a multi-input multi-output controller (MIMO). The controller can interpret the received input signal. The controller can obtain data from one or more components (e.g., sensors).Acquisition can include reception or extraction. Data can include measurement, estimation, determination, generation, or any combination thereof. The controller can include feedback control. The controller can include feedforward control. The control can include on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. The control can include open-loop control or closed-loop control. The controller can include closed-loop control. The controller can include open-loop control. The controller can include a user interface. The user interface can include (or be operably coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touch screen, microphone, speech recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. The output can include a display (e.g., a screen), speaker, or printer. FIG. 15 shows an example of a control system architecture 1500 including a master controller 1508, where the master controller 1508 controls a floor controller 1506, which in turn controls a local controller 1504. In some embodiments, the local controller controls one or more IGUs, one or more sensors, one or more output devices (e.g., one or more light emitters), or any combination thereof. FIG. 15 shows an example of a configuration where the master controller is operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a building management system (BMS) 1524 and a database 1520. The arrows in FIG. 15 represent communication paths. The controller can be operably coupled to an external source 1510 (e.g., directly / indirectly, and / or wired and / or wirelessly). The external source can include a network. The external source can include one or more sensors or output devices. The external source can include a cloud-based application and / or database. The communication can be wired and / or wireless. The external source can be located outside the facility. For example, the external source can include one or more sensors and / or antennas located, for example, on a wall or ceiling of the facility.Communication can be unidirectional or bidirectional. In the example shown in FIG. 15, all communication arrows of the communication are intended to be bidirectional. FIG. 15 shows an example of a perspective view of an enclosure 1501 (e.g., a building).

[0124] The controller can monitor and / or indicate (e.g., physical) changes in the operating conditions of the devices, software, and / or methods described herein. Control can include regulation, operation, limitation, indication, monitoring, adjustment, modulation, variation, change, suppression, confirmation, guidance, or management. To be "controlled" (e.g., by a controller) can include being attenuated, modulated, changed, managed, suppressed, regulated, adjusted, inhibited, supervised, operated, and / or guided. Control can include controlling control variables (e.g., temperature, power, voltage, and / or profile). Control can include real-time control or offline control. The calculations utilized by the controller can be performed in real-time and / or offline. The controller can be a manual controller or a non-manual controller. The controller can be an automatic controller. The controller can operate in response to a request. The controller can be a programmable controller. The controller can be made programmable. The controller can include a processing unit (e.g., a CPU or GPU). The controller can receive an input (e.g., from at least one sensor). The controller can deliver an output. The controller can include a plurality of (e.g., sub) controllers. The controller can be part of a control system. The control system can include a master controller, a floor controller, a local controller (e.g., an enclosure controller, or a window controller). The controller can receive one or more inputs. The controller can generate one or more outputs. The controller can be a single input single output controller (SISO) or a multi-input multi-output controller (MIMO). The controller can interpret the received input signal. The controller can obtain data from one or more sensors. Obtaining can include receiving or extracting. The data can include measurements, estimates, decisions, generations, or any combination thereof.The controller can include feedback control. The controller can include feedforward control. The control can include on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. The control can include open-loop control or closed-loop control. The controller can include closed-loop control. The controller can include open-loop control. The controller can include a user interface. The user interface can include (or be operably coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touch screen, microphone, speech recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. The output can include a display device (e.g., a screen), speaker, or printer. The methods, systems, and / or apparatuses described herein can comprise a control system. The control system can communicate with any of the apparatuses (e.g., sensors) described herein. The sensors can be, for example, of the same type or different types as those described herein. For example, the control system can communicate with a first sensor and / or a second sensor. The control system can control one or more sensors. The control system can control one or more components of a building management system (e.g., lighting, security, and / or HVAC systems). The controller can adjust at least one (e.g., environmental) characteristic of an enclosure. The control system can adjust the enclosure environment using any component of the building management system. For example, the control system can adjust the energy supplied by a heating element and / or a cooling element. For example, the control system can adjust the speed of air flowing into and / or out of the enclosure through a vent. The control system can comprise a processor. The processor can be a processing unit. The controller can comprise a processing unit. The processing unit can be central. The processing unit can comprise a central processing unit (abbreviated herein as "CPU"). The processing unit can be a graphics processing unit (abbreviated herein as "GPU"). A controller or control mechanism (e.g., comprising a computer system) can be programmed to implement one or more of the methods of the present disclosure. The processor can be programmed to implement the methods of the present disclosure. The controller can control at least one component of the shaping system and / or apparatus disclosed herein.

[0125] FIG. 16 shows a schematic example of a computer system 1600 programmed to perform any one or more operations of the methods provided herein or otherwise configured. The computer system can control (e.g., direct, monitor, and / or adjust) various functions of the methods, apparatuses, and systems of the present disclosure, such as, for example, controlling the heating, cooling, lighting, and / or ventilation of an enclosure, or any combination thereof. The computer system can be part of or communicate with an ensemble of any of the sensors or devices (e.g., including sensors and / or light emitters) disclosed herein. The computer can be coupled to one or more of the mechanisms disclosed herein and / or any portion thereof. For example, the computer can be coupled to one or more sensors, valves, switches, lights, windows (e.g., IGUs), motors, pumps, optical components, or any combination thereof.

[0126] In some embodiments, the circuit is operably (e.g., communicably) coupled to a network of an enclosure (e.g., a facility including a building). The circuit may include a driver board or a controller. The controller can be any controller disclosed herein (e.g., a timing controller, a touch screen controller, and / or any controller of a (e.g., hierarchical) control system). The controller can be operably coupled to a device ensemble. The device ensemble may include sensors or light emitters. For example, the device ensemble may include a plurality of sensors, a plurality of light emitters, or any combination thereof. The light emitter can be a light (e.g., LED) or sound (e.g., buzzer or loudspeaker) emitter. The sensor can sense any environmental characteristic of the environment (e.g., light, temperature, chemical content (e.g., in the atmosphere), or sound). The chemical content can include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, or humidity. The control system can be configured to control the environment (e.g., via the network), for example, using a building management system. The control system can be configured to control the ventilation, heating, air conditioning, cooling, lighting, security, safety, fire, or acoustic system of the enclosure (e.g., the facility) (e.g., via the network). The control system can be configured to control at least one colorable window, a display device structure, and / or a touch screen (e.g., via the network). The network can facilitate updating any of the software (e.g., non-transitory computer-readable medium) associated with the devices to which it is operably (e.g., communicably) coupled. The network can facilitate updating any of the logic (e.g., control logic) associated with the devices to which it is operably (e.g., communicably) coupled. The logic can be embedded in software. The network can facilitate updating any of the data streams associated with the devices to which it is operably (e.g., communicably) coupled. The update can be performed in real time.The network may facilitate response times and / or update times having a latency of up to about 2 milliseconds (ms), 3 ms, 4 ms, 5 ms, 7 ms, 10 ms, or 15 ms. The network may facilitate low-latency communication. The display contract, touch screen function, and / or colorable window may each have a unique identification (alphanumeric) code. The display contract, touch screen function, and / or colorable window may each be uniquely recognized by the network and / or control system. The display contract, touch screen function, and / or colorable window may each be uniquely identified as a device and / or node by the network and / or control system.

[0127] In some embodiments, a device (e.g., a display contract, a touch screen function, and / or a colorable window) is communicatively coupled to a network. Third-party devices and / or data streams (e.g., third-party media providers) can communicate with, for example, a control system and / or another device using a network authentication protocol. The network authentication protocol can open one or more ports for network access. The ports can be opened when an organization and / or a facility authenticates an identifier of a device attempting to operably couple (and / or physically couple) to the network (e.g., via network authentication). An operable coupling can include a communicative coupling. An organization and / or a facility can authorize access of a device to the network (e.g., using the network). The access can be restricted or not. The restrictions can include one or more security levels. The identifier of the device can be determined based on authentication information and / or a certificate. The authentication information and / or the certificate can be verified by the network (e.g., by a server operably coupled to the network). The authentication protocol can be specific or not specific to physical communication (e.g., Ethernet communication) in a local area network (LAN) using, for example, packets. This standard can be maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This standard can define the physical media (e.g., a target device) and / or the operating characteristics of the network (e.g., Ethernet). The network standard can support virtual LANs (VLANs) on a local area (e.g., Ethernet) network. This standard can support power supply via a local area network (e.g., Ethernet). The network can provide communication via a power line (e.g., a coaxial cable). The power can be direct current (DC) power. The power can be at least about 12 watts (W), 15 W, 25 W, 30 W, 40 W, 48 W, 50 W, or 100 W.This standard can facilitate mesh networking. This standard can facilitate local area network (LAN) technology and / or wide area network (WAN) applications. This standard can facilitate physical connections between target devices and / or between infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of cables (e.g., coaxial, twisted wire, copper cable, and / or fiber optic cable). Examples of network authentication protocols can include 802.1X or KERBEROS. The network authentication protocol can include private key encryption. The network can support protocols (e.g., communication protocols) including 802.3, 802.3af (PoE), 802.3at (PoE+), 802.1Q, or 802.11s. The network can support communication protocols for building automation and control (BAC) networks (e.g., BACnet). The protocol can define services used for communication between various devices coupled to the network. One or more devices can include sensors, light emitters, colorable windows, display device structures, touch screen functions, controllers, transceivers, antennas, third-party media provider related devices, personal computers, mobile circuits (e.g., laptops, mobile phones, touch pads), and / or any other (e.g., third-party) devices. Protocol services can include device and object detection (e.g., Who-Is, I-Am, Who-Has, and / or I-Have). Protocol services can include Read-Property and Write-Property (e.g., for data sharing). The network protocol can define object types (e.g., the object types on which the service acts).The protocol can define one or more data link and / or physical layers (e.g., ARCNET, Ethernet, BACnet / IP, BACnet / IPv6, BACnet / MSTP, Point-To-Point over RS-232, Master-Slave / Token Passing over RS-485, ZigBee, and / or LonTalk). The protocol can be dedicated to devices (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or machine-to-machine (M2M) communications). The protocol can be a messaging protocol. The protocol can be a publish-subscribe type of protocol. The protocol can be configured for messaging transport. The protocol can be configured for remote devices. The protocol can be configured for devices having a small code footprint or minimal network bandwidth. The small code footprint can be configured to be processed by a microcontroller. The protocol can have multiple quality of service levels, including (i) at most once, (ii) at least once, and / or (iii) exactly once. The multiple quality of service levels can improve the reliability of message delivery within the network (e.g., to its target). The protocol can facilitate messaging (i) between a device and the cloud and / or (ii) between the cloud and a device. The messaging protocol is configured to broadcast messages to a group of devices such as sensors and / or emitters (e.g., as described herein). The protocol can be compliant with the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). The protocol can support security schemes such as authentication (e.g., using tokens). The protocol can support access delegation standards (e.g., OAuth).The protocol can support a first application (and / or website) accessing information on a second application (and / or website) without the first application providing security code (such as tokens and / or passwords) related to the first application to the second. The protocol can include the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) or Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) protocol. The protocol can be configured with a message rate of at least one message per second (e.g., per publisher) or more messages per second (e.g., per publisher). The protocol can be configured to facilitate a message payload size of up to about 64, 86, 96, or 128 bytes. The protocol can be configured to communicate with any device (such as from a microcontroller to a server) that operates a protocol-compliant (e.g., MQTT) library and / or connects to a compliant broker (e.g., an MQTT broker) over a network. Each device (such as a target device, sensor, or emitter) can be a publisher and / or a subscriber. At least one broker can handle millions of devices connected simultaneously or less than millions of devices. The broker can handle at least about 100, 10,000, 100,000, 1,000,000, or 10,000,000 simultaneously connected devices. In some embodiments, the broker is responsible for receiving at least a portion (e.g., all) of the messages, filtering the messages, determining who is interested in each message, and / or sending the messages to the devices (such as broker clients) that are subscribed to them. The protocol may require an Internet connection to the network. The protocol can facilitate two-way and / or synchronous peer-to-peer messaging. The protocol may be a binary wire protocol.Examples of such network protocols, control systems, and networks can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 000,342, filed March 26, 2020, entitled "MESSAGING IN A MULTI CLIENT NETWORK", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0128] A computer system can include a processing unit (e.g., 1606) (also referred to herein as a "processor", "computer", and "computer processor"). The computer system can include a memory or memory location (e.g., 1602) (e.g., random access memory, read-only memory, flash memory), an electronic storage unit (e.g., 1604) (e.g., hard disk), a communication interface (e.g., 1603) (e.g., network adapter), for communicating with one or more other systems, as well as peripheral devices (e.g., 1605) such as a cache, other memory, data storage, and / or an electronic display adapter. In the example shown in FIG. 16, the memory 1602, storage unit 1604, interface 1603, and peripheral device 1605 communicate with the processing unit 1606 via a communication bus (solid lines) such as a motherboard. The storage unit can be a data storage unit (or data repository) for storing data. The computer system can be operably coupled to a computer network ("network") (e.g., 1601) with the aid of the communication interface. The network can be the Internet, the Internet and / or an extranet, or an intranet and / or an extranet communicating with the Internet. The network can be, in some cases, a telecommunications and / or data network. The network can include one or more computer servers that enable distributed computing such as cloud computing. The network can, in some cases, implement a peer-to-peer network with the aid of the computer system, thereby enabling devices coupled to the computer system to act as clients or servers.

[0129] The processing unit can execute a series of machine-readable instructions that can be embodied in a program or software. The instructions can be stored in a memory location such as the memory 1602. The instructions can be directed to the processing unit, and the processing unit can then program or otherwise configure the processing unit to implement the methods of the present disclosure. Examples of operations performed by the processing unit can include fetch, decode, execute, and write-back. The processing unit can interpret and / or execute the instructions. The processor can include a microprocessor, a data processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a system-on-chip (SOC), a coprocessor, a network processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP), a controller, a programmable logic device (PLD), a chipset, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any combination thereof. The processing unit can be part of a circuit such as an integrated circuit. One or more other components of the system 1600 can be included within the circuit.

[0130] The storage unit can store files such as drivers, libraries, and saved programs. The storage unit can store user data (e.g., user settings and user programs). In some cases, the computer system can include one or more additional data storage units external to the computer system, such as being located on a remote server that the computer system is communicating with via an intranet or the Internet.

[0131] A computer system can communicate with one or more remote computer systems via a network. For example, a computer system can communicate with a remote computer system of a user (e.g., an operator). Examples of remote computer systems include personal computers (e.g., portable PCs), slates or tablet PCs (e.g., Apple® iPad®, Samsung® Galaxy Tab), telephones, smartphones (e.g., Apple® iPhone®, Android - compatible devices, Blackberry®), or personal digital assistants. A user (e.g., a client) can access the computer system via the network.

[0132] The methods described herein can be implemented by machine (e.g., computer processor) - executable code stored in an electronic memory location of a computer system, such as, for example, memory 1602 or electronic storage unit 1604. The machine - executable or machine - readable code can be provided in the form of software. In use, processor 1606 can execute the code. Optionally, the code can be retrieved from the storage unit and stored in the memory for access by the processor. Optionally, the electronic storage unit can be excluded and the machine - executable instructions can be stored in the memory.

[0133] The code can be pre - compiled and configured to be used by a machine having a processor adapted to execute the code, or can be compiled at runtime. The code can be provided in a programming language selected such that the code can be executed in a pre - compiled or compiled manner.

[0134] In some embodiments, the processor includes code. The code can be program instructions. The program instructions can cause at least one processor (e.g., a computer) to perform feedforward and / or feedback control loops. In some embodiments, the program instructions cause at least one processor to perform closed-loop and / or open-loop control schemes. The control can be based at least in part on one or more sensor readings (e.g., sensor data). One controller can instruct multiple operations. At least two operations can be instructed by different controllers. In some embodiments, one different controller can instruct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, multiple different controllers can instruct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium causes different computers to perform at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, different non-transitory computer-readable media cause different computers to perform at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). The controller and / or the computer-readable medium can instruct any of the devices or components thereof disclosed herein. The controller and / or the computer-readable medium can instruct any operation of the methods disclosed herein.

[0135] In some embodiments, at least one display device structure and an associated integrated glass unit operate in cooperation with each other. The control of at least one display device structure and an associated colorable window (e.g., an integrated glass unit) can use the integration of display device structure control and colorable window control. For example, the display device structure and the colorable glass can be operably (e.g., communicably) coupled to a control system via, for example, a network. The control of at least one display device structure can be via Ethernet. The color level of the colorable window can be adjusted during the use of one or more associated display device structures. The color level of the colorable window may automatically change (e.g., darken) during the use of one or more display device structures. Automatically changing the color level of the colorable window (e.g., darkening or brightening) can be based at least in part on external radiation and / or the contrast of the display device. Automatically changing the color level of the colorable window can be based at least in part on privacy (e.g., limiting the ability of someone outside the facility to view the display device structure). When the colorable window is in use, the zone of the colorable window may have its color level changed (e.g., darkened or brightened) (automatically). The zone of the colorable window can include a plurality of colorable windows.Zones can include (i) colorable windows facing a particular direction of an enclosure (e.g., a facility), (ii) multiple colorable windows on a particular face of the facility (e.g., a facade), (iii) colorable windows on a particular floor of the facility, (iv) multiple colorable windows within a particular type of room and / or activity (e.g., an open space, an office, a conference room, a lecture hall, a corridor, a reception hall, or a cafeteria), (v) colorable windows disposed on the same fixture (e.g., an inner wall or an outer wall), and / or (vi) multiple colorable windows defined by the user (e.g., a group of colorable windows in a room or on a facade that is a subset of a larger group of colorable windows; for example, a conference room with a display device structure on one of eight colorable windows can darken the color of the eight colorable windows (zones)). Automatically coloring the colorable windows can be based at least in part on whether the display device structure is showing active content (e.g., content for the purpose of user viewing) or passive content. The automatic change in the color level of the colorable windows when at least one display device structure is in use may be disabled by the user (e.g., by manually adjusting the color level). The user can use a mobile circuit (e.g., a remote controller, a virtual reality controller, a mobile phone, an electronic memo pad, a laptop computer, and / or a similar mobile device) to disable the automatic coloring of the colorable windows.

[0136] In some embodiments, at least one display device structure and associated colorable window may be adjacent to a heat dissipation system (e.g., a heater). Heat (e.g., heat generated by this display device structure, any touch screen, circuitry, power supply, adjacent sensors, adjacent light emitters, and / or solar radiation (e.g., transmitted through a colorable window)) adjacent to the display device structure can be dissipated. The heat can be transferred via conduction, convection, and / or electromagnetic waves (radiation). The heat may be removed actively or passively. The heat may be removed by convection and / or conduction. Active heat removal can be controlled (e.g., using a control system). Active (e.g., forced) convection (e.g., a fan) can create an air flow to dissipate heat adjacent to the display device structure. The air flow may exist in a gap (e.g., between the colorable window and the display device structure). One or more temperature sensors adjacent to and / or operably coupled to the display device structure can sense temperature and a signal and initiate forced convection when a first (high) temperature threshold is reached. The temperature sensor can stop the display device structure (automatically) when a second (higher) temperature threshold is reached (e.g., to prevent malfunction and / or damage). The damage can be permanent or temporary. The first temperature threshold can be a temperature value lower than the second temperature threshold. The threshold may depend on the ambient temperature. The ambient temperature may include the external temperature of the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed or the temperature within the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed. The heat of the heat penetrating the colorable window can be limited (e.g., by using low emissivity (Lo-E) glass) to, for example, reduce the heat load on the display device structure.

[0137] In some embodiments, the operation of at least one display device structure and associated colorable window includes maintenance tasks associated with the display device structure. The control of maintenance tasks of the display device structure (e.g., pixel compensation, temperature, usage, and / or reset) may be automated (e.g., using a control system). Pixel compensation may include adjusting the brightness of pixels within the display device structure based at least in part on how the pixel has been used over its lifetime. For example, at what wavelength and / or intensity the pixel has emitted, and optionally for how long. For example, at what frequency the wavelength and / or intensity has been projected by the pixel. For example, what has been displayed by the pixel (e.g., a moving video or a static display). The temperature of the display device structure, the fan speed, the degree of use of the display device structure, and / or the type of use of the display device structure may be monitored over time. The monitoring may be by a control system. The monitoring may utilize sensors coupled to a network (e.g., and to the control system). The monitoring may be performed in situ and / or in real time while the display device structure is projecting media. The control system may utilize image processing to evaluate the state of one or more emitting entities (e.g., LEDs or other lighting) of the display device structure. The sensor may comprise a camera (e.g., a still camera or a video camera). The camera may include a pixel array (e.g., a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera). The camera may be configured for digital imaging (e.g., a CCD or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera). The camera may comprise a photographic plate. The camera may be able to sense a color gamut (e.g., the complete range of colors visible to the average human eye). The control system may be able to monitor the display device structure continuously and / or intermittently (e.g., at predetermined intervals). The control system may be able to record data related to the monitoring of the display device structure continuously or intermittently. The data may be recorded at predetermined intervals and / or when a threshold has been reached. The threshold may be a thermal, electrical, and / or optical threshold.The threshold value may depend on time (e.g., the temperature exceeds 50°C for more than about 1 minute). The adjustment (e.g., reset) of the display device structure can be at least partially (e.g., depending on a time threshold) based on such monitoring of the (e.g., optical, thermal, and / or electrical) characteristics of the display device structure. The threshold value may be a value or a function (e.g., a function that depends on time and / or space). The space may be related to the type of enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed. For example, a display device structure in a conference room may be less error-tolerant than a display device structure in a corridor. Monitoring of the display device structure can provide a prediction regarding the lifespan of the components of the display device structure (e.g., pixels, electrical circuits, filters, and / or fans). By monitoring the display device structure (e.g., over time), it is possible to pre-compensate for the predicted attenuation associated with the display device structure or of the components of the display device structure (e.g., pixels, electrical circuits, filters, and / or fans). The monitoring and / or diagnosis of the display device structure can be performed via a network (e.g., a network disposed at least partially on the outer skin of the facility). The monitoring and / or diagnosis of the display device structure may be by a control system. The adjustment (e.g., reset) of the display device structure may include turning the display device structure off and on (automatically and / or controllably). The display device structure may be cycled (e.g., once every time interval, such as at least about every 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, or 72 hours) if, for example, the pixels of the display device structure are susceptible to the effects of malfunction (e.g., combustion failure). The time interval may depend on the type and / or degree of the predicted failure (e.g., the predicted failure of one pixel or of a group of pixels). The time interval of the cycle may depend on the type of viewing of the display device structure. For example, static viewing (e.g., use as a sign of the display device structure) that occurs for a longer time than a predetermined time threshold may increase the risk of pixel malfunction (e.g., failure).In contrast to a moving video, when a display device structure is used for static viewing, more frequent on / off cycling may reduce the risk of pixel malfunction in static viewing. The control system can predict the maintenance and / or replacement of either the display device structure or its components (e.g., via a software module), based at least in part on (e.g., compared to the expected output) real-time sensor measurements of the output of the display device structure. The prediction can be based at least in part on previous sensor measurements of the output of the display device structure, performed, for example, in a laboratory or other test facility (e.g., a fatigue test), compared to the expected output. The prediction can be based at least in part on the observation of the display device structure to be maintained / replaced. The prediction can be based at least in part on the observation of other display device structures other than the one to be maintained / replaced (e.g., a test display device structure). The prediction can be based at least in part on the average pixel state, taking into account, for example, the irradiation profile of either the display device structure and / or its individual pixels. The control system may provide a notification regarding the expected replacement and / or maintenance. Such prediction may enable the implementation of proactive maintenance and / or replacement. Such prediction may enable the maintenance and / or replacement of the future inventory of each display device structure. Such prediction may enable the timely scheduling of the personnel performing such maintenance and / or replacement.

[0138] Figure 18 shows an example of the operation related to at least one display device structure and an associated colorable window. The control of at least one display device structure and the associated colorable window can use the integration of the display device structure control and the colorable window control. The control of at least one display device structure may be via a network. At block 1801, during the use of one or more associated display device structures and / or in preparation for the use of the display device structure, the color level of at least one colorable window is adjusted. For example, during the use of one or more display device structures, the color level of the colorable window may automatically become darker. Automatically darkening the color level of at least one colorable window can be based at least in part on (i) external radiation, (ii) the media displayed in the display device contrast, (iii) the type of media being displayed (e.g., static or changing), and / or (iv) privacy requirements. Automatically darkening the color level of the colorable window can be based at least in part on privacy (e.g., restricting the ability of someone outside the facility to view the display device structure). During the use of one or more display device structures, the color level of the zone of the colorable window may be changed (e.g., darkened). The zone of the colorable window may include a plurality of colorable windows facing a specific direction within the facility, may be a plurality of colorable windows on a specific surface of the facility, may be a plurality of colorable windows on a specific floor of the facility, may be a plurality of colorable windows within a specific type of room (e.g., open space, office, conference room, lecture hall, cafeteria), and / or may be a plurality of colorable windows defined by the user (e.g., a group of colorable windows in a room or facade that is a subset of a larger group of colorable windows, e.g., a conference room with a display device structure in one of eight colorable windows can darken the color of the eight colorable windows (zone)). The zone can be any zone disclosed herein.Automatically coloring a colorable window can be based at least in part on whether the display device structure is showing active content (e.g., content for the purpose of user viewing) or inactive content. At block 1803, automatically dimming the color level of a colorable window can be disabled by a user manually adjusting the color level of one or more colorable windows. The user can use a mobile circuit (e.g., a remote controller, a virtual reality controller, a mobile phone, an electronic memo pad, and / or a laptop computer) to disable the automatic coloring of a colorable window. At block 1804, heat adjacent to the display device structure (e.g., heat generated by any of the components associated with this display device structure and / or solar radiation transmitted through the colorable window) can be dissipated and removed passively and / or actively (e.g., controllably) (e.g., using the automatic operation of a fan or other heat exchanger). A temperature sensor adjacent to the display device structure can sense the temperature and a signal and, when reaching a first high temperature threshold, can initiate an active heat exchange operation (e.g., initiate forced convection). The temperature sensor can stop the display device structure when reaching a second higher temperature threshold. Operation 1805 indicates the (e.g., automatic) prediction and / or anticipation of maintenance tasks of the display device structure (e.g., pixel compensation, temperature, usage, and / or reset). Pixel compensation may include adjusting the brightness of pixels in the display device structure based at least in part on the amount the pixel has been used, the frequency the pixel has been used, and / or what has been displayed by the pixel (e.g., a moving video or a static display). The temperature of the display device structure, the intensity of active heat exchange (e.g., fan speed), and / or the usage amount of the display device structure can be monitored. The adjustment (e.g., reset) of the display device structure can be based at least in part on the monitoring of the characteristics of the display device structure. When a pixel deteriorates, more current and / or voltage may be required to generate the required output. The adjustment of the display device structure may include adjusting the intensity of one or more pixels of the display device structure to generate the required output. The monitoring of the display device structure may provide predictions regarding the state and / or predicted lifetime of components (e.g., pixels, electrical circuits, filters, and / or fans) within the display device structure. The control system can notify and / or pre-compensate for the predicted degradation of components associated with the display device structure. The monitoring and / or diagnosis of the display device structure can be performed via a network, which may be disposed at least in part on the outer skin of the facility. At block 1807, the display device structure is optionally adjusted and / or reset. The adjustment and / or reset can include, for example, automatically turning the display device structure off and on to extend the life of the pixels and / or reduce malfunction of the pixel output.

[0139] In some embodiments, the operation of at least one display device structure and the associated colorable window is at least partially based on the state of the at least one display device structure. The state of the display device structure can be inspected, monitored, and / or verified with respect to whether the at least one display device structure is on. If the at least one display device structure is not on, the default and / or manual color levels of the colorable window can be activated. The state (e.g., on / off) of the display device structure can be checked periodically. If the at least one display device structure is on (e.g., operating), a determination can be made as to whether the display device structure is displaying active content or passive content. If the display device structure is not on (e.g., not displaying media), the default or manual color levels of the colorable window can be activated. If the display device structure is displaying active content, (i) a zone of the colorable window proximate to the display device structure displaying the active content can be identified, (ii) the color levels of the windows within the zone (e.g., different color levels based at least in part on the presence of solar radiation, sun glare, and / or desired contrast) can be identified, and / or (iii) the color levels of the colorable windows within the identified zone can be adjusted.

[0140] FIG. 19 shows an example of a control operation related to at least one display device structure and an associated colorable window. At block 1901, the state of the at least one display device structure is checked. At block 1902, the control system determines whether the at least one display device structure is on (e.g., at least one pixel is controllably emitting radiation). If the at least one display device structure is not on, at block 1903, the default or manual color level of the colorable window is activated, and the state of the display device structure is periodically checked. If the at least one display device structure is on, at block 1904, a determination may be made as to whether the display device structure is displaying active content. If no active content is being displayed, at block 1903, the default or manual color level of the colorable window is activated, and the state of the display device structure is periodically checked. If the display device structure is displaying active content, at block 1905, colorable windows proximate to the display device structure displaying the active content are identified. At block 1906, the colorable windows may have their color levels (e.g., different color levels based at least in part on the presence of sun / glare and desired contrast) identified, and at block 1907, any color level adjustments are made to the colorable windows. The colorable windows may or may not be part of a zone (e.g., the zone may be identified by the controller). A first colorable window coupled to the display device structure is part of a zone that includes at least one second colorable window not coupled to the display device structure. The color of the second colorable window may or may not be changed to match the color of the first colorable window. Changing the colors of other windows within the zone in coordination with changing the color of the colorable window coupled to the display device structure can be determined in advance and / or by the user.

[0141] In some embodiments, a plurality of display device structures are connected together in a control scheme. Adjacent to one or more colorable windows, a plurality of display device structures can be attached. The colorable window can be connected (e.g., wired or wirelessly) via a local (e.g., window) controller as part of a control system. The control system can comprise a distributed network of controllers coupled to a power and / or communication network. The control system can control various functions (e.g., functions of a facility (e.g., office building, warehouse, etc.)), which can include adjusting the color shade of the colorable window and / or displaying media content on the display device structure. The plurality of display device structures can be connected (e.g., wired or wirelessly) via a display device interface that can be housed in one or more housings. The display device interface housing can be referred to herein as an electrical box ((E)-box), e.g., sometimes called 2006. The E-box can be operably coupled to a network (e.g., for power and / or communication). The network can provide data and / or power to the display device structure. A user content server can provide data to be displayed on the display device structure via the network and / or provide data and power to the display device interface via one or more connections to the display device interface. The display device interface can include an adapter (e.g., an Ethernet adapter (e.g., from RS-485 to Ethernet)), and / or the E-box can include native adapter (e.g., Ethernet / IP) support. The E-box can send prompts and / or respond to inquiries from the network. Connections for devices for data transmission can include, for example, Ethernet, HDMI, DisplayPort, RS-485, and / or other types of connections for data and / or media transmission. Power can be provided to the E-box via power-over-internet and / or a separate power cable.Multiple display device structures may display different content on each display device structure, may display the same (e.g., replicated) content, or may be configured to display one image across multiple display device structures (e.g., such that sections of the image are presented on each of the multiple display device structures). Connecting the display device structures may enable a small number (e.g., up to 10, 9, 8, 5, 6, or 4) of display device structures to be controlled via a local controller. In some embodiments, more (e.g., more than 10) display device structures may be coupled via a network (e.g., floor) controller, or it may be possible for all display device structures within a facility to be controlled by a main controller. The display device structures can display media individually (e.g., independently of other display device structures) or in groups of display device structures (e.g., at least 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 25, 50, or 75 display device structures can be placed within one group (set) of displays), and can be controlled to display data as if it were, for example, a single display device structure (e.g., one media that is split among the displays within a display group). The display device structures can form a video wall. The video wall can comprise multiple display device structures tiled together (e.g., adjacent or overlapping) to form one large screen. A controller that controls the video wall controller can split a single image projected onto the video wall into portions to be displayed on the individual display device structures that make up the video wall. The display device structures can be coupled to a wall (e.g., opaque or transparent), or a colorable window. The video wall controller can include a hardware-based controller or a software-based media card controller. The hardware-based controller may include a media processing chipset and may operate without an operating system. The software-based media card controller can be disposed on a processor having an operating system.The processor can be a server or local. The processor can be composed of a graphics card with multiple outputs and / or a video capture input card.

[0142] The display device structure can be configured in a layout. The layout can include a matrix grid layout (e.g., 2×2, 3×3, or 4×4) of the same display device geometry (e.g., having the same aspect ratio). The layout can include a layout of non-identical display device geometries (e.g., having different aspect ratios) in a configuration other than, for example, a symmetric matrix. The media content to be displayed can be the same, split, or completely different content. For example, at least two different parallel contents can be displayed on the video wall of the display device structure.

[0143] Figure 20 shows an example of a control scheme for a plurality of display device structures. Adjacent to a plurality of colorable windows 2003, a plurality of display device structures 2002 can be attached. The colorable window 2003 can be connected (e.g., wired and / or wirelessly) to a control network 2004 that controls various functions of the facility (e.g., office building, warehouse, etc.) via a local (window) controller 2001 2009, which may include adjusting the color tone of the colorable window 2003. The display device structure 2002 can be connected (e.g., wired and / or wirelessly) to the control network 2004 (including the control system) via a display device interface 2005 and a controller housed in a housing 2006 (also referred to herein as an electrical (E) box) 2010. The control network can be coupled to the colorable window and / or the display device structure via a wiring network, and the wiring (e.g., coaxial cable) can provide data and / or power to the display device structure 2002. A user content server 2007 can provide data to be displayed on the display device structure 2002 (e.g., via a wiring and / or control network), and / or can provide data and power to the display device interface 2005 via one or more connections 2011 to the display device interface 2005. The display device interface may include an Ethernet adapter (e.g., from RS-485 to Ethernet). The E-box 2006 may include native Ethernet / IP support. The E-box 2006 can send a prompt and / or respond to an inquiry from the network 2004. The connection of devices for data transmission may include, for example, Ethernet, HDMI, DisplayPort, RS-485, and / or other types of connections for data transmission. Power can be provided to the E-box 2006 via power-over-internet and / or a separate power cable.The plurality of display device structures 2002 can display different content, the same content, or can be employed to display one image across the plurality of display device structures 2002 (e.g., as in the case of a video wall).

[0144] In some embodiments, the display device structure is utilized to display various media within a facility. The display device structure can include, for example, one or more media display devices (e.g., a TOLED display device) that can be at least partially transparent when the display device structure is not operating. The display device structure can be coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly) to a hard surface such as a wall, a panel, or a window (e.g., a vision window). The hard surface can be that of a fixture. The window can be a colorable window (e.g., an electrochromic window). The window can be disposed within a building or within the outer wall of a building. The vision window can include a colorable window that includes an electrochromic window (widow) that can be colored (e.g., darkened, lightened, and / or have its color (e.g., hue) changed), and the vision window can provide a background for enhancing the contrast of the media displayed by the display device structure.

[0145] In some embodiments, one or more display device structures can be operably coupled (e.g., attached) to a hard surface (e.g., a window, wall, or panel). The coupling can be performed via hinges, adhesives, fasteners, and / or other suitable mechanisms. The coupling can be disposed at least partially within one or more window frame portions. The window frame can include vertical portions (e.g., mullions) and can include horizontal portions (e.g., transoms). The display device structure can be adhered directly to the hard surface (e.g., using an adhesive). The adhesive may or may not be in contact with the window frame (or a portion thereof). The hard surface can include a cured material (e.g., glass, metal, or polymer). The hard surface can include a solid (e.g., gypsum, ceramic, concrete, and / or stone). A plurality of display device structures can be attached (e.g., using hinges, adhesives, fasteners, and / or other mechanisms).

[0146] In some embodiments, the display device structure is controlled by at least one controller. The controller can be part of a control system. The controller may include a controller rather than being directly coupled (e.g., connected) to the display device structure. The connection between the controller and the display device structure can use wired and / or wireless communication. The controller can be coupled to the display device structure via a plurality of wirings (e.g., for communication and / or power). The controller can be disposed within a housing. The housing can include one or more materials. The materials can include elemental metals, metal alloys, polymers (e.g., plastics), resins, wood, glass, composite materials, and / or other materials. The materials can include transparent or opaque materials. The materials can include conductive or insulating (e.g., dielectric) materials. The housing can include a diffusive material or a mirror material. The housing can have a plurality of surfaces. At least two (e.g., all) of the plurality of wirings can extend from one of the plurality of surfaces of the controller housing. Sometimes, one controller housing (e.g., including one or more controllers) can be coupled to a plurality of display device structures. Sometimes, one controller can be operably coupled to (e.g., directly) one display device structure. Sometimes, one controller can be operably coupled to (e.g., directly) two or more display device structures. Direct coupling can include the wiring connecting the controller and the display device structure. The wiring can be continuous wiring. The controller and / or the housing can include a wiring inlet. The wiring inlet may or may not be on the same surface as the wiring outlet of the controller housing. Sometimes, a plurality of control housings can be disposed adjacent to each other (e.g., in contact with each other or directly coupled to each other via (e.g., wiring)).At least two (e.g., all) of the wirings that connect controllers within at least two different housings (e.g., all housings) to at least two (e.g., all) display device structures (e.g., within a set of display device structures) can extend from the same face type of the housing and / or in the same general direction (e.g., upward, downward, left, or right). The face type can be assigned according to the direction the face is facing (e.g., downward-facing face, upward-facing face, east-facing face, west-facing face, north-facing face, east-facing face, or any combination thereof). The direction can be relative to the user facing the display device structure and relative to the center of gravity. In some embodiments, the controller housing is attached to a frame portion. The controller housing can be attached within at least a portion of a window, a panel, or a wall frame. The portion of the frame can be within an upper horizontal transom, a lower horizontal transom, and / or a vertical (side) transom, or a combination of transoms forming a window frame. The upper and lower are based on the center of gravity. The display device connector can connect the controller to the display device structure via one or more cables and / or wirings. The display device connectors connecting the controller to each display device structure can extend from one of a plurality of faces of the controller housing via a cable, or can extend from two or more of the plurality of faces of the controller housing. At least two (e.g., all) of the cables connecting the controller to the corresponding display device structure can be (e.g., substantially) of the same length. The cable can extend at least partially within the window frame. The cables connecting the controller to the display device structure can have different lengths. The cable can extend at least partially within and / or outside the window frame. The (e.g., local) controller can include a power connector that can be connected to, for example, one or more power supplies. The power connector can be disposed on the same face or a different face from the face on which the data cable to the display device structure extends. The different faces can form an angle, and the angle can be (e.g., substantially) a right angle. The different faces can be parallel to each other. The data (e.g., communication and / or media) cable can be connected from one or more data sources (e.g., a server) to the controller. The data cable can be connected to a media content provider server and / or a server that controls the color level of the window. In some embodiments, power and data are coupled to the display device structure via the same cable (e.g., a coaxial cable).

[0147] In some embodiments, a plurality of devices (e.g., including sensors and / or light emitters) are integrated within a common housing. The housing may include one or more circuit boards. The housing may integrate an ensemble of devices. The ensemble may have a single housing (e.g., a cover). One or more circuit boards (e.g., printed circuit boards PCB) can be disposed within a single housing. At least one controller can be disposed within the housing. The housing can be adapted to be attached to a window, wall, ceiling, or other structures and / or fixtures (e.g., a facility, building, or room) within an enclosure for performing various functions. A normal assembly of the devices (e.g., an ensemble of devices) may include power conditioning components, circuits (e.g., processing units), memory, and / or network interfaces. The housing may comprise a mounting adapter that can be provided for installing the assembly on at least a portion of a fixture such as a window mullion. The housing may comprise one or more features desired for optimized performance, such as (I) one or more openings for receiving external environmental characteristics into the housing, (II) electrical and / or electromagnetic (e.g., radio frequency) shielding, and / or (III) a heat exchanger (e.g., passive or active). For example, the housing may comprise one or more openings (e.g., holes) that facilitate the flow of air through the circuit board. The housing may comprise a heat sink. The heat exchanger and / or shielding can shield the circuits from external influences and / or shield between circuit boards encapsulated within the housing. The housing may include an open body and a lid. The lid may include one or more openings (e.g., holes). The lid can be fastened to the open body to close the casing. The housing may include an opening for receiving a cable.

[0148] Figure 21A shows an example of a hard surface 2101 (e.g., a paintable window) attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesives) within a frame 2102. The frame 2102 includes vertical mullions 2103a and 2103b, as well as transoms 2104a and 2104b (sometimes called horizontal mullions). Two display device structures 2105a and 2105b are attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesives) within the frame 2102 and cover the visible surface of the hard surface 2101 (e.g., the executable surface of a substrate or a window such as a paintable window) (e.g., all of it). Two controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E-) boxes) 2106a and 2106b are attached within the upper transom 2104a of a portion of the frame 2102 (with respect to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2100). The circuitry within E-box 2106a (e.g., including a timing controller, network communication (e.g., a router), and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display device structure 2105a via wiring 2109a. The circuitry within E-box 2106b is connected to the display device structure 2105b via wiring 2109b. Display device connectors 2108a extend in the same downward direction from housing 2106a. Display device connectors 2108b extend in the same downward direction from housing 2106b. Connectors 2108a and 2108b are arranged to point in the same downward direction. Cables 2109a and are of (e.g., substantially) the same length from each E-box 2106a and 2106b to their respective display device structures 2105a and 2105b and extend within a portion of the frame 2102. E-box 2106a is configured to connect to a power cable 2110a (e.g., via a connector). E-box 2106b is configured to connect to a power cable 2110b (e.g., via a connector). At least one power cable for supplying power to the E-box circuitry can connect to a separate power source. At least two power cables for supplying power to the E-box circuitry can connect to one power source.FIG. 21A shows an example in which two power cables 2110a and 2110b are connected to the same power source 2111. The power cables 2110a and 2110b extend (e.g., substantially) vertically in a direction in which the display device connectors 2108a and 2108b extend from each of the E-boxes (e.g., these connectors extend from the same side of the E-box). The media wiring 2112a is connected from a data source (e.g., a server) to a circuit (e.g., a media circuit board) housed in the E-box 2106b. The media wiring 2112b is connected to the E-box 2106a and is connected (via the E-box 2106b) to the cable 2112a and the data source 2115. The media cables 2112a and 2112b can be connected to a media content provider server. The E-box can be operably (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) coupled to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, if the hard surface 2101 is a colorable window, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes can be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the level of the coloration of this window, e.g., via a media cable (e.g., 2112a and / or 2112b) or via a dedicated cable (not shown in FIG. 21A).

[0149] Figure 21B shows an example of a hard surface 2121 (e.g., a paintable window) attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesives) within a frame 2122. The frame 2122 includes vertical mullions 2123a and 2123b, and transoms 2124a and 2124b (sometimes referred to as horizontal mullions). Four display device structures 2125a, 2125b, 2125c, and 2125d are attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesives) within the frame 2122, covering all of the visible surfaces of the hard surface 2121 (e.g., the operative surface of a substrate or a window such as a paintable window). Four controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2126a, 2126b, 2126c, and 2126d are attached within the upper transom 2124a of a portion of the frame 2122 (with respect to the center of gravity pointed to by the vector 2120). The circuitry within E-box 2126a (e.g., including a timing controller, network, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display device structure 2125a via wiring 2129a. The circuitry within E-box 2126b is connected to the display device structure 2125b via wiring 2129b. The circuitry within E-box 2126c (e.g., including a timing controller and media-related circuitry) is connected to the display device structure 2125c via wiring 2129c. The circuitry within E-box 2126d is connected to the display device structure 2125d via wiring 2129d. Display device connectors 2128a extend in the same downward direction from housing 2126a. Display device connectors 2128b extend in the same downward direction from housing 2126b. Display device connectors 2128c extend in the same downward direction from housing 2126c. Display device connectors 2128d extend in the same downward direction from housing 2126d. Connectors 2128a, 2128b, 2128c, and 2128d are arranged to point in the same downward direction.Cables 2129a and are (substantially) of the same length from each of the E-boxes 2126a, 2126b, 2126c, and 2126d to their respective display device structures 2125a, 2125b, 2125c, and 2125d and extend within a portion of the frame 2102. E-box 2126a is configured to be connected (e.g., via a connector) to a power cable 2130a. E-box 2126b is configured to be connected (e.g., via a connector) to a power cable 2130b. E-box 2126c is configured to be connected (e.g., via a connector) to a power cable 2130c. E-box 2126d is configured to be connected (e.g., via a connector) to a power cable 2130d. At least one power cable for supplying power to the E-box circuit can connect to a unique power source. At least two or more power cables for supplying power to the E-box circuit can connect to one power source. FIG. 21B shows an example where the four power cables 2130a, 2130b, 2130c, and 2130d are connected to the same power source 2131. The power cables 2130a, 2130b, 2130c, and 2130d extend (substantially) perpendicular to the direction in which the display device connectors 2128a, 2128b, 2128c, and 2128d extend from each E-box. Media wiring 2132a connects from a data source (e.g., a server) to a circuit (e.g., a media circuit board) housed in E-box 2126d. Media wiring 2132b is connected to E-box 2126c and is connected (via E-box 2126d) to cable 2132a and the data source 2135. Media wiring 2132c is connected to E-box 2126b and is connected (via E-boxes 2126d and 2126c) to cable 2132a and the data source 2135. Media wiring 2132d is connected to E-box 2126a and is connected (via E-boxes 2126d, 2126c, and 2126b) to cable 2132a and the data source 2135. The media cables 2132a, 2132b, 2132c, and 2132d can connect to a media content provider server.The E-box can be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, if the hard surface 2121 is a window that can be colored, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes can be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the level of coloration of this window, for example, via a media cable (e.g., 2132a, 2132b, 2132c and / or 2132d) or via a dedicated cable (not shown in FIG. 21B).

[0150] Figure 22A shows an example of hard surfaces 2221a and 2221b (e.g., paintable windows) attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesives) within frames 2222a and 2222b. Frames 2222a and 2222b include vertical mullions 2223 and a transom 2224 (sometimes called a horizontal mullion). Two display device structures 2225a, 2225b are attached within frame 2222a, and two display device structures 2225c and 2225d are attached within frame 2222b, covering all of the visible surfaces of hard surfaces 2221a and 2221b (e.g., the operative surfaces of substrates or windows such as paintable windows). Four controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2226a, 2226b, 2226c, and 2226d are attached within vertical mullions 2223 on the vertical side (with respect to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2220) of a portion of frames 2222a and 2222b. Circuits within E-box 2226a (e.g., including a timing controller and media-related circuits) are connected to display device structure 2225a via wiring 2229a. Circuits within E-box 2226b are connected to display device structure 2225b via wiring 2229b. Circuits within E-box 2226c (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuits) are connected to display device structure 2225c via wiring 2229c. Circuits within E-box 2226d are connected to display device structure 2225d via wiring 2229d. Display device connectors 2228a, 2228b, 2228c, and 2228d extend in the same horizontal direction from their respective housings 2226a, 2226b, 2226c, and 2226d. Connectors 2228a, 2228b, 2228c, and 2228d are arranged to point in the same horizontal direction. Cables 2229a, 2229b, 2229c, and 2229d are (e.g., substantially) the same length from their respective E-boxes 2226a, 2226b, 2226c, and 2226d to their respective display device structures 2225a, 2225b, 2225c, and 2225d and extend within portions of frames 2222a and 2222b.An E-box can be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, if the hard surfaces 2221a and 2221b are one or more colorable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the level of coloration of these windows.

[0151] Figure 22B shows an example of hard surfaces 2231a and 2231b (e.g., paintable windows) attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesives) within frames 2232a and 2232b. Frames 2232a and 2232b include vertical mullions 2233 and a transom 2234 (sometimes called a horizontal mullion). Display device structures 2235a are attached within frame 2232a and display device structures 2235b are attached within frame 2232b, covering all of the visible surfaces of hard surfaces 2231a and 2231b (e.g., the operative surfaces of a substrate or a window such as a paintable window). Two controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2236a and 2236b are attached within the upper transom 2234 of a portion of frames 2232a and 2232b (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2230). Circuits within E-box 2236a (including, e.g., a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuits) are connected to display device structure 2235a via wiring 2239a. Circuits within E-box 2236b are connected to display device structure 2235b via wiring 2239b. Display device connectors 2238a and 2238b extend in the same horizontal direction from their respective housings 2236a and 2236b. Connectors 2238a and 2238b are arranged to point in the same downward direction. Cables 2239a and 2239b are (substantially) the same length from each E-box 2236a and 2236b to their respective display device structures 2235a and 2235b and extend within a portion of frames 2232a and 2232b. The E-box can be operatively (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) coupled to a network that controls at least one controller that controls that facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, if hard surfaces 2231a and 2231b are one or more paintable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes can be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the level of tint of these windows.

[0152] FIG. 23 shows an example of hard surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c (e.g., paintable windows) attached (e.g., by hinges such as 2370 and / or adhesives) within frames 2322a, 2322b, and 2322c. The frames 2322a, 2322b, and 2322c include vertical mullions 2323 and a transom 2324 (which may also be called a horizontal mullion). Four display device structures 2325a, 2325b, 2325c, and 2325d are attached within frame 2322a, two display device structures 2325e and 2325f are attached within frame 2322b, and two display device structures 2325g and 2325h are attached within frame 2322c, covering (e.g., substantially) all (or only a portion) of the visible surfaces of the hard surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c (e.g., the visible surfaces of a substrate or a window such as a paintable window). For example, the surface 2380 of the paintable window is not covered by the display device structures. Four controllers housed within housings (E-boxes) 2326a, 2326b, 2326c, and 2326d are attached within the upper mullion 2323 of a portion of frame 2322a (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2320). The circuitry within E-box 2326a is connected to display device structure 2325a via wiring 2329a. The wiring can be configured to transmit data and / or power (e.g., to a touch screen). The circuitry within E-box 2326b is connected to display device structure 2325b via wiring 2329b. The circuitry within E-box 2326c is connected to display device structure 2325c via wiring 2329c. The circuitry within E-box 2326d is connected to display device structure 2325d via wiring 2329d. Display device connectors 2328a, 2328b, 2328c, and 2328d extend in the same downward direction from their respective housings 2326a, 2326b, 2326c, and 2326d. The connectors 2328a, 2328b, 2328c, and 2328d are arranged to point in the same downward direction.Cables 2329a, 2329b, 2329c, and 2329d are (substantially) the same length from each E-box 2326a, 2326b, 2326c, and 2326d to their respective display device structures 2325a, 2325b, 2325c, and 2325d and extend within a portion of frame 2322a. The E-boxes can be operably (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) coupled to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls that facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, if the hard surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c are one or more colorable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the level of coloration of these windows. The controller housed within housing 2330 is mounted within the upper marionette 2323 of a portion of frame 2322b (with respect to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2320). The circuitry (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) within controller 2330 is connected to display device structure 2325e via wiring 2329e. The circuitry within controller 2330 is connected to display device structure 2325f via wiring 2329f. The circuitry (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) within controller 2330 is connected to display device structure 2325g via wiring 2329g. The circuitry within controller 2330 is connected to display device structure 2325h via wiring 2329h. Cables 2329e, 2329f, 2329g, and 2329h are (substantially) the same length from controller 2330 to their respective display device structures 2325e, 2325f, 2325g, and 2325h and extend within portions of frames 2322b and 2322c. Controller 2330 can be operably (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) coupled to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls that facility or any controllable device within the facility.For example, if the hard surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c are one or more colorable windows, any (e.g., all) of the controllers may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the level of coloration of these windows.

[0153] FIG. 24 shows an example of hard surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c (e.g., paintable windows) attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesives) within frames 2422a, 2422b, and 2422c. The frames 2422a, 2422b, and 2422c include upright mullions 2423 and a transom 2424 (sometimes called a horizontal mullion). Four display device structures 2425a, 2425b, 2425c, and 2425d are attached within frame 2422a, two display device structures 2425e and 2425f are attached within frame 2422b, and two display device structures 2425g and 2425h are attached within frame 2422c, covering all (or only a portion) of the visible surfaces of the hard surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c (e.g., the visible surfaces of a substrate or of a window such as a paintable window). Four controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2426a, 2426b, 2426c, and 2426d are attached within the upper mullion 2423 of a portion of frame 2422a (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2420). The circuitry within E-box 2426a (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2425a via wiring 2429a. The circuitry within E-box 2426b is connected to display device structure 2425b via wiring 2429b. The circuitry within E-box 2426c (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2425c via wiring 2429c. The circuitry within E-box 2426d is connected to display device structure 2425d via wiring 2429d. Cables 2429a, 2429b, 2429c, and 2429d are (substantially) the same length from each E-box 2426a, 2426b, 2426c, and 2426d to their respective display device structures 2425a, 2425b, 2425c, and 2425d and extend within a portion of frame 2422a.The E-box can be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, if the hard surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c are one or more colorable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the level of coloration of these windows. The controller housed within the housing 2430 is mounted within the upper marionette 2423 of a portion of the frame 2422b (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by the vector 2420). The circuitry within the controller 2430 (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display device structure 2425e via the wiring 2429e. The circuitry within the controller 2430 is connected to the display device structure 2425f via the wiring 2429f. The circuitry within the controller 2430 (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display device structure 2425g via the wiring 2429g. The circuitry within the controller 2430 is connected to the display device structure 2425h via the wiring 2429h. The cables 2429e, 2429f, 2429g, and 2429h are (substantially) the same length from the controller 2430 to their respective display device structures 2425e, 2425f, 2425g, and 2425h and extend within portions of the frames 2422b and 2422c. The controller 2430 can be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, if the hard surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c are one or more colorable windows, any (e.g., all) of the controllers may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the level of coloration of these windows.

[0154] Figure 25 shows an example of hard surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c (e.g., paintable windows) attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesives) within frames 2522a, 2522b, and 2522c. The frames 2522a, 2522b, and 2522c include vertical mullions 2523 and a transom 2524 (sometimes called a horizontal mullion). Four display device structures 2525a, 2525b, 2525c, and 2525d are attached within frame 2522a, two display device structures 2525e and 2525f are attached within frame 2522b, and two display device structures 2525g and 2525h are attached within frame 2522c, covering all (or only a portion) of the visible surfaces of their respective hard surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c (e.g., the visible surface of a substrate or a window such as a paintable window). Four controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2526a, 2526b, 2526c, and 2526d are attached within the upper mullion 2523 of a portion of frame 2522a (with respect to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2520). The circuitry within E-box 2526a (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2525a via wiring 2529a. The circuitry within E-box 2526b is connected to display device structure 2525b via wiring 2529b. The circuitry within E-box 2526c (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2525c via wiring 2529c. The circuitry within E-box 2526d is connected to display device structure 2525d via wiring 2529d. Cables 2529a, 2529b, 2529c, and 2529d are (substantially) the same length from their respective E-boxes 2526a, 2526b, 2526c, and 2526d to their respective display device structures 2525a, 2525b, 2525c, and 2525d and extend within the portion of frame 2522a.The E-box can be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, if the hard surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c are one or more colorable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the color level of these windows. The controller housed within the housing 2530 is mounted within the upper marionette 2523 of a portion of the frame 2522b (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by the vector 2520). The circuitry within the controller 2530 (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display device structure 2525e via the wiring 2529e. The circuitry within the controller 2530 is connected to the display device structure 2525f via the wiring 2529f. The circuitry within the controller 2530 (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display device structure 2525g via the wiring 2529g. The circuitry within the controller 2530 is connected to the display device structure 2525h via the wiring 2529h. The cables 2529e, 2529f, 2529g, and 2529h are (substantially) the same length from the controller 2530 to their respective display device structures 2525e, 2525f, 2525g, and 2525h and extend within portions of the frames 2522b and 2522c. The controller 2530 can be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, if the hard surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c are one or more colorable windows, any (e.g., all) of the controllers may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the color level of these windows.

[0155] In some embodiments, one or more controllers within the housing ((E)-box) provide functionality to one or more display device structures. The E-box may have a cover bracket that can be fixed to a mounting bracket. The cover bracket and the mounting bracket can be attached within a portion of a window frame and / or to other structures. The E-box has a length, a width, and a height. The length of the E-box can be up to 15 inches (“), 14”, 13”, 12”, 11”, or 10”. The length of the E-box can have any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 15” to 10”, e.g., about 12.5”). The width of the E-box can be up to 5 inches (“), 4”, 3.5”, 3”, 2.5”, 2”, or 1.5”. The width of the E-box can have any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 5” to 1.5”, e.g., about 3.75”). The height of the E-box can be up to 3”, 2.5”, 2”, 1.5”, or 1”. The height of the E-box can have any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., about 3” to 1”, e.g., 1.75”). The E-box may include an analog-to-digital conversion circuit board that can be attached to one or both of the cover bracket and the mounting bracket. The circuit board can include terminals for connection to a power source (e.g., an AC or DC power source) via a cable that supplies power to the E-box, and the circuit board can include at least one data input connector (e.g., a display port, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission), the data input connector being capable of receiving data for display on a related display device structure and being capable of transmitting data to another E-box, and can include at least one E-box connector (e.g., a display port, HDMI, Ethernet or other type of connector for data transmission). The E-box can include a controller board that can be operably engaged with the circuit board. The controller board can include a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry.The timing controller can be employed for the precise adjustment of the timing to change various positions (e.g., LEDs) within the display device structure. The controller board can include connectors connected to cables, and the cables can be connected to the display device structure. The cables can transmit data between the E-box and the display device structure. The connectors from the E-box to the display device structure (e.g., for power and / or data transmission) can extend in the same direction from the E-box, or can extend in different directions from the E-box. For example, all power connectors from the E-box to the display device structure may extend in the same direction and may exit from the same side of the E-box and / or the PCB disposed therein. For example, all communication connectors from the E-box to the display device structure may extend in the same direction and may exit from the same side of the E-box and / or the PCB disposed therein. The power connector for supplying power from the PCB of the E-box to the display device structure can be present on the same PCB side as the data connector from the PCB of the E-box to the display device structure (e.g., and in the same direction, e.g., extending away from the E-box towards the display device structure). The connectors for data and / or power between the E-box and the display device structure can be present on the first side surface of the E-box, and this first side surface has an angle (is perpendicular) with respect to the second side surface of this E-box where the connector for the input power cable is present. The connectors for data and / or power between the E-box and the display device structure are present on the first side surface of the E-box, and this first side surface can have an angle (can be perpendicular) with respect to the third side surface of this E-box where the connector for the input data and / or media communication cable is present. The connectors for (i) input power, (ii) input data (e.g., media) communication, and (iii) power and / or data to the display device structure may or may not be present on one PCB. The E-box can be operably (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) coupled to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls a facility or any controllable device within the facility.The E-box can have a unique network identifier (ID) for communication with, for example, at least one controller that controls a facility.

[0156] In some embodiments, a plurality of cables extend from the E-box to the display device structure. The cables are connected to the circuit of the E-box via connectors. The circuit can be present on one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs). The cables can be connected to a circuit ino-si (boar) via connectors. The connectors can connect a plurality of wires bundled in one cable. The number of connectors can be at least 2, 4, 6, or 8. The number of connectors can be even. The cables can have the same ones with different functions. The functions can include data transmission and / or electrical (e.g., power) transmission. For example, the connectors can connect a cable that transmits data from the PCB to the display device structure. For example, the connectors can connect a cable that transmits electricity from the PCB to the display device structure. The connectors can form two groups of connectors. The members of the connector group can be the same or different. For example, the connector group can include data connectors and power connectors. The respective arrangement of the connector types within the group of connectors can follow mirror symmetry, inversion symmetry, and / or rotation (e.g., C2) symmetry. The mirror plane, rotation axis, and / or inversion point for applicable symmetry operations can be disposed between the two groups of connectors.

[0157] Figure 26 shows an exploded view of an example of a controller within a housing (E-box) 2602. The E-box 2602 has a cover bracket 2603 fixed to a mounting bracket 2604. The cover bracket 2603 has a plurality of slits 2620 (for ventilation and / or heat exchange, for example). The cover bracket 2602 and the mounting bracket 2604 can be attached within a portion of a window frame (not shown in this figure) or to another structure (such as a fixture). The E-box 2602 includes an analog-to-digital converter circuit board 2605, which can be attached to one or both of the cover bracket 2603 and the mounting bracket 2604. The circuit board 2605 has a terminal 2606 for connection to a (for example, AC) power cable that supplies power to the E-box 2602, at least one data input connector (such as a display port, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2607 that can receive data for display on a related display device construct, and at least one E-box connector (such as a display port, HDMI, Ethernet or other type of connector for data transmission) 2608 that can transmit data to another E-box. The E-box 2602 includes a controller board 2610 operably engaged with the circuit board 2605. The controller board 2610 can include a timing controller and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller can be employed for (for example, precise) adjustment of the timing for changing various positions (such as LEDs) of a display device construct. The circuit board (such as the controller board) 2610 includes connectors (such as 2611) for connection to cables 2612a - f that are connected to a display device construct. The cables 2612a - f can transmit data and / or power between the E-box 2602 and the display device construct. For example, some of the cables 2612a - f can transmit data and some of the cables can transmit power. For example, the outermost two cables 2612c and 2612f can transmit power, and the inner four cables 2612e, 2612d, 2612a, and 2612b can transmit data.For example, the two innermost cables 2612d and 2612a can transmit power, and the four outermost cables 2612e, 2612f, 2612c, and 2612b can transmit data. For example, the two middle cables 26123 and 2612b can transmit power, and the other four cables 2612d, 2612f, 2612c, and 2612a can transmit data. Two of the cables 2612a - f can transmit power, and four of the cables 2612a - f can transmit data. The connectors may extend in the same direction from the E - box, or may extend in different directions from the E - box. In the example shown in FIG. 26, the connector 2611 extends in the same direction from the E - box 2602. The connectors can extend at a right angle from the E - box from the direction in which the (e.g., AC) power cable extends, or can extend at any other angle from the direction in which the power cable extends. The E - box can be operably (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) coupled to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls a facility or any controllable device within the facility. The E - box can have a unique network ID for communicating with at least one controller that controls the facility.

[0158] Figures 27A and 27B show various views of the assembled E - box 2702, which was shown as an exploded view in Figure 26. The E - box 2702 has a cover bracket 2703 fixed to a mounting bracket 2704. The cover bracket 2702 and the mounting bracket 2704 can be attached within a portion of a window frame (not shown in this figure) or to other structures. The E - box 2702 may have dimensions (e.g., as disclosed herein) (e.g., length 2730, width 2731, and thickness 2732) to fit within a structure. The structure can be any structure disclosed herein. The E - box 2702 includes a (e.g., analog - to - digital converter) circuit board 2705, which can be attached to one or both of the cover bracket 2703 and the mounting bracket 2704. The circuit board 2705 has a terminal 2706 for connecting to a (e.g., AC) power cable 2715 that supplies power to the E - box 2702, at least one data input connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2707 that can receive data for display on a related display device structure, and at least one E - box connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet or other type of connector for data transmission) 2708 for transmitting data via a cable 2716 to, for example, another E - box or network. The E - box 2702 includes a controller board 2710 that operably engages with the circuit board 2705. The controller board 2710 may include a timing controller and media - related circuitry. The timing controller can be employed for precise adjustment of the timing to change various positions (e.g., LEDs) within the display device structure. The controller board 2710 includes a connector 2711 that is connected to a cable 2712 that is connected to the display device structure. The cable 2712 can transmit data and / or power between the E - box 2702 and the display device structure. The connector 2711 extends in the same direction from the E - box 2702.

[0159] Figure 32 shows an example of an exploded view of the E-box 3202. The E-box 3202 has a cover bracket 3203 fixed to a mounting bracket 3204. The cover bracket 3202 and the mounting bracket 3204 can be mounted within a fixture, such as a portion of a structure like a window frame (not shown in this figure). The E-box 3202 may have dimensions that match fitting the E-box 3202 into a portion of the structure, or it may have other dimensions that are larger or smaller than these dimensions (e.g., as disclosed herein). The E-box 3202 includes a circuit board 3205 (e.g., an analog-to-digital converter), which can be mounted to one or both of the cover bracket 3203 and the mounting bracket 3204. The circuit board 3205 includes at least one terminal 3206 for connection to a (e.g., AC) power cable that supplies power to the E-box 3202, at least one data input connector (e.g., a display port, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3207 that can receive data for display on a related display device construct, and at least one E-box connector (e.g., a display port, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3208 that can transmit data to another E-box and / or network. The E-box 3202 includes a circuit board 3210 (e.g., a controller), which is operably engaged with the circuit board 3205. The circuit board 3210 may include a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller can be employed for precise adjustment of the timing for changing various positions (e.g., LEDs) within the display device construct. The circuit board 3210 includes connectors 3211a - f for connection to a cable (e.g., 3212), which then connects to the display device construct. The cable 3212 can transmit data and / or power between the E-box 3202 and the display device construct.The E-box 3202 can be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls a facility or any controllable device of the facility. The E-box 3202 can have a unique network ID for communicating with at least one controller that controls the facility.

[0160] Figures 33A - 33D show various views of the E - box. The E - box 3302 has a cover bracket 3303 fixed to a mounting bracket 3304. The cover bracket 3303 and the mounting bracket 3304 can be mounted within a structure or within a part of a structure (e.g., a fixture such as a window frame not shown in this figure). The E - box 3302 can have dimensions for mounting within a structure (e.g., having a length 3330, a width 3331, and a thickness 3332), such as any of the dimensions disclosed herein. The E - box 3302 includes a first circuit board (e.g., an analog - to - digital converter), which can be mounted to one or both of the cover bracket 3303 and the mounting bracket 3304. The first circuit board has one or more terminals (e.g., 3306) for connection to a (e.g., AC) power cable (e.g., including a coaxial cable or twisted pair) that supplies power to the E - box 3302, one or more data input connectors (e.g., a display port, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3307 that can receive data for display on a related display device construct, and one or more E - box connectors (e.g., a display port, HDMI, Ethernet and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3308 that can transmit data to another E - box. The E - box 3302 includes a second (e.g., controller) circuit board 3305, which operably engages with the first circuit board. In some embodiments, the first circuit board and the second circuit board are one circuit board (e.g., and are present on the same or different sides of the circuit board). In some embodiments, the first circuit board and the second circuit board are separate circuit boards separated by a distance that facilitates heat exchange and / or shielding (e.g., electronic and / or electromagnetic (e.g., radio frequency) shielding). The heat exchanger and / or shielding can include elemental metal or a metal alloy. The heat exchanger can exchange heat passively and / or actively. The heat exchanger can include a heat pipe, a slab, or a mesh. The heat exchanger can include a heat sink.The second circuit board 3305 may include a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller may be employed for precise adjustment of the timing to change various positions (e.g., LEDs) within the display device structure. In the example shown in FIGS. 33A - D, the second circuit board includes one or more connectors 3311 that connect to a cable 3312, which in turn connects to the display device structure. The cable 3312 can transmit data and / or power between the E-box 3302 and the display device structure. There may be additional cables that connect the E-box to the display device structure (not shown). The E-box 3302 may be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls a facility or any controllable device within the facility. The E-box 3302 can have a unique network ID for communicating with at least one controller that controls the facility.

[0161] FIGS. 34A - 34E show examples of various views of a circuit board 3405 that can be mounted within an E-box. The circuit board 3405 can include one or more terminals 3406 for connection to an AC power cable that supplies power to the circuit board 3405, at least one data input connector (e.g., a display port, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3407 that can receive data for display on an associated display device structure, and at least one E-box connector (e.g., a display port, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3408 that can transmit data to another E-box. The circuit board 3405 can be a controller board that may include a timing controller and media-related circuitry, and can operably engage with connectors that are connected to cables that are connected to the display device structure.

[0162] In some embodiments, a particular apparatus, non-transitory computer-readable medium, and / or the methods described herein include techniques for passing a gas (e.g., air) over at least one light of a colorable window. The colorable window may include a thermally insulating glass unit, e.g., a colored electrochromic coated light of an IGU. Passing a gas (e.g., air) may be for removing heat and / or reducing the heat load on a light, e.g., any optically switchable device (e.g., an electrochromic coating) on the substrate of the light, and / or other components (e.g., a display device structure). Passing a gas (e.g., air) may be for removing heat, for example, by convection. Heat can be removed by conduction and / or radiation. In some embodiments, the gas heated by and / or through the IGU light can be passed by use of a pump, extrusion, and / or suction, etc. The flow of the gas may be a flow to the interior environment of the facility and / or outside of the facility (e.g., a building) having the IGU light. For example, the heated gas can be used to warm the interior of the facility. In some embodiments, the heated gas can be used to drive a turbine to generate electricity. The electricity thus generated can be stored in a battery of a forced air window assembly.

[0163] In some embodiments, the forced gas colorable (e.g., electrochromic) window may include two or more ventilation modules that communicate with the inner space between the electrochromic light of the IGU subassembly and the third light. In some cases, one or more of these ventilation modules may include one or more air moving devices, such as one or more fans, for actively moving gas (e.g., air) through the inner space between the electrochromic light and the third light. In some cases, the one or more air moving devices (e.g., fans) may include one of a blade fan, a bladeless fan, or an air pump. In some cases, the one or more air moving devices from the structure and outside of the forced air colorable window may be configured to supply air to or discharge air from one or more of the ventilation modules. In certain embodiments, electricity can be generated by using the discharged air to rotate a turbine connected to a generator. The generated electricity can be stored in a battery, such as one of the ventilation modules. Examples of forced air colorable windows, their usage, and their control are described in PCT / US15 / 14453 (WO2015 / 120045A1) entitled "Forced Air Smart Windows", filed on February 4, 2015, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0164] FIG. 28 shows an example of a display device structure 2801 coupled to a fastener 2802, which is surrounded by sensors and a light emitter panel, such as 2803. The display device structure is coupled to an E-box 2811 and a power supply 2810 (e.g., via wiring and / or cables not shown in FIG. 28). The E-box and the power supply can be disposed adjacent to the display device structure or further away, e.g., as disposed herein (e.g., within a cavity of a fixture such as a window frame or within a cavity of a wall). The fastener 2802 includes a hinge, which has a first blade 2821 including a bracket and a second blade 2822 coupled by an arrangement of a shaft tube and a pintle. The fastener 2802 includes a gas guide 2823 (a partial view is shown), which facilitates the directional flow of gas through a set of fans 2805 coupled to respective holes of the blade portion 2821 (a partial view is shown). The gas guiding component is configured to attach a circuit board 2830 having a connector 2831 that connects the circuit board to the display device structure 2801. The circuit board may include a controller and / or a driver board.

[0165] In some embodiments, the display device structure includes a touch screen function. In some embodiments, a plurality of display device structures can be arranged adjacent to each other (for example, to form a display device wall such as a video wall). The display device structures can be arranged in a matrix (also referred to herein as a group or set of display device structures). There may be a gap between two directly adjacent display device structures. Two directly adjacent display device structures do not include another display device structure therebetween. The gap may or may not be hidden. Hiding the gap may include a flexible filler such as a transparent polymer and / or resin. The flexible filler may include a carbon-based or silicon-based polymer or resin. The filler may include an optical material. The filler can be polymerized and / or cured by mixing at least two components. At least one of the at least two components and / or the filler can have a viscosity of at least about 400 millipascal seconds (mPa*s), 1000 mPa*s, 2000 mPa*s, 3000 mPa*s, 5000 mPa*s, 6000 mPa*s, 7000 mPa*s, 8000 mPa*s, 9000 mPa*s, 10000 mPa*s, 25000 mPa*s, or 50000 mPa*s. The density of the filler can be at least about 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter (g / cm 3 ), 0.95 g / cm 3 , 0.97 g / cm 3 , 0.98 g / cm 3 , 0.99 g / cm 3 . The filler may have less shrinkage after curing (for example, a maximum shrinkage of about 0.2%, 0.1%, or 0.5% per unit volume after curing compared to before curing). The filler can have a dielectric constant of up to about 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, or 2.9. The filler can have a dielectric constant between any of the aforementioned dielectric constants (for example, 2.5 to 2.9, or 2.7 to 2.8). The filler can be optically clear (for example, to the average human). The filler can withstand a force of at least 2 kilograms force per square centimeter (Kgf / cm 2 ), 2.2 Kgf / cm 2, 2.5 Kgf / cm 2 , 3 Kgf / cm 2 , 3.5 Kgf / cm 2 , 4.0 Kgf / cm 2 , 4.5 Kgf / cm 2 , 5.0 Kgf / cm 2 , 5.5 Kgf / cm 2 , or 6.0 Kgf / cm 2It may have a tensile strength. The filler may have a transmittance of at least about 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.4%, or 99.5% of (e.g., visible) light. The filler may have a refractive index of up to about 1.9, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, or 1.3 at, for example, 25 °C, 23 °C, or 20 °C. For example, the filler may be a Wacker Lumisil® (WL) filler (e.g., WL100, 200, or 300 series). The flexible filler may be configured to allow for expansion and / or contraction of the display device (e.g., due to temperature changes). The flexible filler can be configured to couple directly adjacent display devices to each other and / or to the structure. The structure can be a colorable window, plate, or wall. The mounting brackets and / or hinges can be fixed to the display device structure and attached to the structure. The structure can include a frame or wall portion. The structure can include fixtures. The frame can be composed of vertical mullions and horizontal transoms. The fixtures (e.g., the frame) can be attached to various surfaces (e.g., walls, plates, glass inside the facility, and / or other mounting locations) (e.g., by bonding, fastening, and / or other mounting means). In some embodiments, the display device structure can be directly attached to the structure (e.g., a colorable window). Polymers and / or resins can be used for direct attachment. Bonding can be used for direct attachment. The bonding can utilize adhesive polymers and / or resins (e.g., disclosed herein). The bonding material can have a state that is more malleable than other (e.g., rigid) states. The rigid state may be common under ambient conditions. The malleable state can be under specific controllable conditions different from the ambient conditions. The change between the malleable state and the rigid state may be caused by an external stimulus (e.g., heat, magnetic field, electric field, and / or chemical stimulus). For example, the filler (e.g., adhesive polymer and / or resin) can be heat-sensitive. For example, the filler may be more malleable in a non-ambient condition (e.g., a heated environment), for example, facilitating the removal of the display device structure from its support structure (e.g., for maintenance or replacement).The dividing portions between the display device structures and / or between the touchscreens within the set can be hidden, for example, by the proximity of the display device structures and the absence of a phosphor sensor panel between two directly adjacent display device structures. A flexible filler can be disposed between two directly adjacent display device structures.

[0166] In some embodiments, the display device structure can be fastened to a side bracket. The side bracket can be fastened to a structure (such as a fixture like a frame portion or a wall). The side bracket can be fixed to the display device structure (for example, by an adhesive and / or screws). The side bracket is operably coupled to at least one pair (for example, two pairs) of phosphor panels and sensor panels. The first pair of sensor and phosphor panels can be disposed orthogonally to the second pair of sensor and phosphor panels. The two orthogonal pairs of sensor and phosphor panels can facilitate the operation of at least one touchscreen.

[0167] In some embodiments, a plurality of display device structures are arranged to form the walls of the display device structures. The walls of the display device structures may or may not have touch screen functionality. For example, at least one (e.g., all) of the walls of the display device structures may have touch screen functionality. The touch screen may be facilitated by at least one pair of a sensor and a light emitter panel. The touch screen may include, for example, two orthogonal pairs of sensors and light emitters (e.g., arranged orthogonally as disclosed herein). The distance between the light emitter panel and its sensor panel can span one or more display device structures. The display device structures can be arranged in a matrix configuration (e.g., a 2×2 display device structure can form a set of display device structures). In some embodiments, at least one (e.g., each) display device structure in the set includes its dedicated touch screen having at least one set (e.g., two sets) of sensors and light emitter panels. In some embodiments, at least two display device structures in the set include their dedicated touch screen having at least one set (e.g., two sets) of sensors and light emitter panels. The signal from the light emitter of the light emitter panel travels until it reaches the sensor of the sensor panel. If the signal does not reach the sensor, the touch screen controller may interpret such interference as a touch on the touch screen. Therefore, the path between the light emitter and the sensor should not be unintentionally obstructed.

[0168] In some embodiments, the display device structure and / or the set of display device structures are (e.g., substantially) planar. The tolerance for variations in the planarity of the display device structure is limited (e.g., to facilitate the operation of the sensor-emitter panel disposed adjacent to the display device structure). The tolerance for variations in planarity between the display device structures within the set can be limited (e.g., to facilitate the operation of the sensor-emitter panel disposed adjacent to the set of display device structures). Variations from planarity can be more stringent towards the viewer rather than away from the viewer. Variations f...

Claims

1. A system for visually recognizing a medium, comprising: A colorable window having at least a colorless state and a colored state; A display device structure that is at least partially transparent, configured to display and / or operate an electronic medium, disposed adjacent to the colorable window, and coupled to the colorable window by a fastener, such that when at least the colorable window is in the colorless state, a user can visually recognize (i) the display device structure and (ii) through the colorable window; A display circuit connected to the display device structure by wiring; The fastener includes a first hinge blade and a second hinge blade coupled by a hinge shaft. The first hinge blade has an opening, and the display circuit is disposed between the first hinge blade and the second hinge blade; A system, wherein at least during operation and / or after installation of the display circuit, the fastener is configured to enable a user to visually recognize and access a part of the display circuit through the opening.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a network that transmits the electronic medium, and the network is communicatively coupled to a building management system.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first hinge blade and the second hinge blade are configured to facilitate reversible access to or confinement of other parts of the display circuit during operation and / or after installation of the display circuit.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display device structure is electrically coupled to a power source disposed at a distance of at least 15 feet (15') from the display device structure.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display device structure is communicatively coupled to a controller that controls the display device structure, and the controller is disposed at a distance of at least 5 feet (5') from the display device structure.

6. The display device structure includes a first glass pane, a second glass pane, and a display matrix disposed between the first glass pane and the second glass pane, and the display matrix has a resolution of 1920×1080, 3840×2160, 4096×2160, or 7680×4320 pixels. The system according to claim 1.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the colorable window is configured for color adjustment in combination with the media displayed by the display device structure.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the colorable window is configured for color adjustment while the display device structure is projecting the media.

9. The system according to claim 7, wherein the colorable window is configured for color adjustment by considering the position of the sun, time, date, geographical location of the enclosure in which the display device structure is disposed, weather conditions, transmittance of light through the colorable window, and / or readings of one or more sensors.

10. At least one touch screen is disposed adjacent to the display device structure, and the at least one touch screen is disposed so as to overlap at least a part of the visual surface of the display device structure. The system according to claim 1.

11. A system for viewing media, a colorable window having at least a colorless state and a colored state, a display device structure configured to display and / or operate electronic media, the display device structure being disposed adjacent to and aligned with the colorable window and at least partially transparent so that a user can view (i) the display device structure and (ii) through the colorable window when at least the colorable window is in the colorless state, a fastener configured to be coupled to the display device structure, the fastener having (I) an opening through which a part of the display circuit wired to the display device structure is visible and is configured to facilitate access to at least the part of the display circuit, and (II) including a plurality of hinges, Furthermore, the fastener is (III) being configured to extend over at least 30 percent (30%) of the length of the side of the display device structure, and (IV) being configured to include a heat exchanger to facilitate heat exchange, comprising at least any one of the above, each of the plurality of hinges includes a first hinge blade and a second hinge blade coupled by a hinge axis, the first hinge blade has the opening, and the display circuit is disposed between the first hinge blade and the second hinge blade system. **Claim 12** The system according to claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of hinges is configured to facilitate reversible access to and confinement of other portions of the display circuit. **Claim 13** The system according to claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of hinges is configured to facilitate maintenance and inspection of the display device structure. **Claim 14** The system according to claim 11, wherein the system includes a control board and a power source. **Claim 15** The system according to claim 14, wherein the distance between the display device structure and the power source is at least 15 feet (15'). **Claim 16** The system according to claim 15, wherein the distance between the control board and the power source is at least 5 feet (5'). **Claim 17** The system according to claim 11, wherein the display device structure is coupled to one or more controllers and / or a network by a coaxial cable. **Claim 18** The display device structure includes a first glass pane, a second glass pane, and a display matrix disposed between the first glass pane and the second glass pane, and the display matrix has a resolution of 1920×1080, 3840×2160, 4096×2160, or 7680×4320 pixels. The system according to claim 11. **Claim 19** The system according to claim 11, wherein the colorable window is configured for color adjustment in combination with the media displayed by the display device structure. **Claim 20** The system according to claim 19, wherein the colorable window is configured for color adjustment by considering the position of the sun, time, date, geographical location of the enclosure where the display device structure is disposed, weather conditions, transmittance of light through the colorable window, and / or readings of one or more sensors. **Claim 21** At least one touch screen is disposed adjacent to the display device structure, and the at least one touch screen is disposed such that the at least one touch screen overlaps at least a portion of the viewing surface of the display device structure. The system according to claim 11.

22. The at least one display device structure is a plurality of display device structures, each of the plurality of display device structures being configured to display a portion of a screen image, and at least one controller being configured to adjust the media displayed on the plurality of display device structures based at least in part on user tactile interaction with the at least one touch screen. The system according to claim 21.

23. The at least one touch screen is a plurality of touch screens including a first touch screen, and the first touch screen has a first side that is directly adjacent to a second side of a second touch screen. The system according to claim 22.

24. Directly adjacent means that there is no other intervening touch screen. The system according to claim 23.

25. The at least one touch screen is configured to operably engage with at least two sets of sensors and illuminator panels, and the at least two sets of sensors and illuminator panels are (a) disposed parallel or substantially parallel to each other, and (b) disposed around the outer edge of one of the at least one touch screen respectively. The system according to claim 21.

26. An apparatus for controlling the viewing of media, the apparatus comprising at least one controller including a control circuit, the at least one controller being (a) configured to operably couple to a display device structure that is at least partially transparent, the display device structure being configured to display and / or operate on electronic media, and being disposed adjacent to and aligned with a colorable window having at least a see-through state and a colored state, such that when at least the colorable window is in the see-through state, a user can view through the display device structure and the colorable window, and (b) configured to control the display device structure or to instruct the control of the display device structure, (A) the display device structure is coupled to a display circuit wired to the display device structure, and the display circuit is configured to be at least partially accessible during operation and / or after installation, and (B) the display device structure is coupled to a fastener configured to couple to the display device structure, which comprises coupling including the fastener having an opening through which a portion of the display circuit is visible and which facilitates access to at least the portion of the display circuit, and being configured to include a plurality of hinges, Further, the fastener extends over at least 30 percent (30%) of the length of the side surface of the display device structure, and includes a heat exchanger to facilitate heat exchange, including at least any one of Each of the plurality of hinges includes a first hinge blade and a second hinge blade coupled by a hinge axis, the first hinge blade having the opening, and the display circuit being disposed between the first hinge blade and the second hinge blade.

27. The device according to claim 26, wherein the display circuit includes at least a portion of the control circuit.

28. The device according to claim 26, wherein the display device structure is coupled to each of the plurality of hinges configured to facilitate reversible access to and confinement of other portions of the display circuit.

29. The device according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is part of a hierarchical control system.

30. The device according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is configured to diagnose or to instruct a diagnosis of the state of the components of the display device structure.

31. The device according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is configured to compensate for or to instruct the compensation of the operation of the display device structure.

32. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is configured to (i) perform a diagnosis regarding the state of a component of the display device structure or instruct a diagnosis regarding the state of the component of the display device structure to generate a diagnosis, and (ii) use the diagnosis to compensate for the operation of the display device structure or instruct compensation for the operation of the display device structure.

33. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor the state of a filter configured to filter air or instruct monitoring of the state of the filter.

34. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor the temperature of the display device structure or instruct monitoring of the temperature of the display device structure.

35. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is configured to perform a diagnosis regarding the state of at least a part of the components of the display device structure or instruct a diagnosis regarding the state of at least a part of the components of the display device structure by monitoring the temperature of the display device structure or instructing monitoring of the temperature of the display device structure.

36. The apparatus according to claim 34, wherein at least one controller is configured to use the temperature of the display device structure to compensate for the operation of the display device structure or instruct compensation for the operation of the display device structure.

37. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor the state of one or more pixels of the display device structure or instruct monitoring of the state of one or more pixels of the display device structure.

38. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein at least one controller is configured to monitor the operation of at least one fan configured to operate in conjunction with the display device structure or instruct monitoring of the operation of the fan.

39. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein at least one controller is configured to monitor the operation of at least one fan configured to operate in conjunction with the display device structure, or to diagnose the state of at least a part of the components of the display device structure by instructing the monitoring of the operation of the fan, or is configured to instruct the diagnosis of the state of at least a part of the components of the display device structure.

40. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is configured to cycle the operation of the pixels of the display device structure or to instruct the cycling of the operation of the pixels of the display device structure after a predetermined time interval, and the cycling of the operation of the pixels of the display device structure includes changing the media being displayed over time to reduce the degradation of one or more pixels of the display device structure.

41. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is configured to operably couple to at least one touch screen disposed adjacent to the display device structure, and the at least one controller is configured to adjust the media displayed on the display device structure based at least in part on user tactile interaction with the at least one touch screen.

42. A method for controlling the visual recognition of media, comprising: displaying and / or operating electronic media on a display device structure, wherein the display device structure is at least partially transparent and is disposed adjacent to and aligned with a colorable window having at least one colorless state and one colored state, such that when at least the colorable window is in the colorless state, a user can visually recognize through the display device structure and the colorable window; the displaying and / or operating; using a display circuit configured to communicate with the display device structure, the display circuit being configured to be at least partially accessible during and / or after the operation of the display circuit; and using a fastener configured to couple to the display device structure; wherein the using includes: The fastener has an opening through which a part of the display circuit is visible and which facilitates access to at least the part of the display circuit, and is configured to include a plurality of hinges. Furthermore, the fastener extends over at least 30 percent (30%) of the length of the side of the display device structure, and includes a heat exchanger to facilitate heat exchange. includes at least any one of Each of the plurality of hinges includes a first hinge blade and a second hinge blade coupled by a hinge axis. The first hinge blade has the opening, and the display circuit is disposed between the first hinge blade and the second hinge blade.

43. The method according to claim 42, further comprising diagnosing and making a diagnosis regarding the state of a component of the display device structure.

44. The method according to claim 42, further comprising adjusting the media displayed on the display device structure based at least in part on user tactile interaction with at least one touch screen disposed adjacent to the display device structure.

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