Door opening and closing device

Abstract

To provide a door opening / closing device capable of reducing the amount of protrusion of a door during opening / closing operation.SOLUTION: A door opening / closing device 60 includes: a slider 130 displaced in a front-rear direction along a roof 21 of a vehicle body 20 while supporting a base end of a back door 40 so as to be rotatable around an axis extending in the width direction; and a main link mechanism 210 one end of which is attached to the vehicle body and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the back door 40, and which adjusts the posture of the back door 40 according to the degree of door opening by changing the distance between connection points, which is the distance between the connection point with the vehicle body 20 and the connection point with the back door 40. The main link mechanism 210 shortens the distance between the connecting points as the door opening increases.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a door opening and closing device. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, vehicles have been known that include a vehicle body having a door opening at the rear and a tailgate that opens and closes the door opening. In such vehicles, the vehicle body has a hinge that connects the upper end of the door opening to the upper end of the tailgate. The tailgate rotates about the axis of the hinge to move between a fully closed position that fully closes the door opening and a fully open position that fully opens the door opening.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a vehicle in which a hinge that rotatably supports a tailgate can move forward and backward along the roof of the vehicle body. In this vehicle, as the tailgate is opened, the hinge moves forward while rotating the tailgate. In this way, the amount of rearward protrusion of the tailgate when opening or closing the tailgate is reduced. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] European Patent Application Publication No. 1764248 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The back door as described above has room for improvement in terms of further reducing the amount of protrusion during opening and closing operations. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The means for solving the above problems and their effects will be described below. A door opening and closing device that solves the above problem is a door opening and closing device that is applied to a vehicle that includes a vehicle body having a door opening and a door that opens and closes the door opening, and includes: a slider that displaces along the roof of the vehicle body in a direction intersecting the width direction of the door while rotatably supporting the base end of the door around an axis extending in the width direction of the door when the door is positioned in a fully closed position that fully closes the door opening, with the portion of the door that corresponds to the upper end of the door opening being the base end of the door; and a main link mechanism that has one end rotatably connected to the vehicle body and the other end rotatably connected to the door, and that adjusts the posture of the door in accordance with the door opening degree by changing a connection point distance, which is the distance between the connection point with the vehicle body and the connection point with the door, and the main link mechanism shortens the connection point distance as the door opening degree increases.

[0007] The slider supports the base end of the door rotatably about an axis extending in the width direction and is displaceable in a direction intersecting the width direction. Therefore, if the slider were the only point of contact between the door and the vehicle body, the door's position would be unstable depending on the door opening angle. In contrast, the door opening / closing device includes a main link mechanism that connects the vehicle body and the door, so the door's position is determined depending on the door opening angle. Furthermore, when the door is opened from the fully closed position, the distance between the connecting points of the main link mechanism gradually decreases as the door opening angle increases. Therefore, the main link mechanism makes it difficult for the door to protrude away from the door opening. In this way, the door opening / closing device can reduce the amount of door protrusion.

[0008] In the door opening and closing device, when a position between the fully closed position and the fully open position where the door opening is fully opened is defined as an intermediate position, it is preferable that the main link mechanism shortens the distance between the connection points as the door opening degree increases when the door moves between the fully closed position and the intermediate position, and lengthens the distance between the connection points as the door opening degree increases when the door moves between the intermediate position and the fully open position.

[0009] If the distance between the connecting points is shortened as the door opening degree increases, the amount of vertical opening of the door opening tends to decrease when the door reaches the fully open position. In this regard, the door opening and closing device can reduce the amount of door protrusion by shortening the distance between the connecting points of the main link mechanism as the door opening degree increases when the door moves between the fully closed position and the intermediate position. On the other hand, if the door moves between the intermediate position and the fully open position, the door opening and closing device can increase the amount of vertical opening of the door opening by lengthening the distance between the connecting points of the main link mechanism as the door opening degree increases.

[0010] In the door opening and closing device, it is preferable that the main link mechanism has a first link rotatably connected to the vehicle body, and a second link rotatably connected to the door and also rotatably connected to the first link, and that the distance between the connection points of the main link mechanism changes as the first link rotates around the connection point with the vehicle body.

[0011] The door opening and closing device can change the distance between the connecting points of the main link mechanism by rotating the first link in accordance with the door opening angle. In other words, the door opening and closing device can adjust the amount of door protrusion by rotating the first link.

[0012] The door opening and closing device preferably includes a sub-link mechanism having one end rotatably connected to the vehicle body and the other end rotatably connected to the door, the sub-link mechanism expanding and contracting according to the degree of door opening, and the sub-link mechanism rotates the first link around the point of connection with the vehicle body according to the amount of rotation around the point of connection with the vehicle body.

[0013] The sub-link mechanism changes the amount of rotation about the point of connection to the vehicle body in accordance with the door opening degree. The sub-link mechanism rotates the first link based on the rotation about the point of connection to the vehicle body. In this way, the door opening and closing device can rotate the first link in accordance with the door opening degree. For example, the door opening and closing device does not need to be provided with an actuator that rotates the first link in accordance with the door opening degree, thereby reducing the complexity of the device.

[0014] In the door opening and closing device, it is preferable that the main link mechanism has a driven gear that rotates around a rotation axis relative to the vehicle body, and the sub-link mechanism has a drive gear that meshes with the driven gear and rotates around the rotation axis relative to the vehicle body.

[0015] The door opening and closing device can achieve power transmission between the main link mechanism and the sub-link mechanism using two gears. The door opening and closing device preferably includes a sub-actuator that drives the sub-link mechanism. In the door opening and closing device, the sub-actuator preferably drives the sub-link mechanism to rotate around a connection point between the sub-link mechanism and the vehicle body.

[0016] The door opening and closing device can open and close the door by driving the sub-link mechanism. Also, because the actuator can be easily installed near the sub-link mechanism, the space occupied by the actuator on the roof is reduced compared to when the actuator is installed on the roof.

[0017] The door opening and closing device preferably includes a main actuator that drives the first link. In the door opening and closing device, the main actuator preferably drives the first link to rotate around a connection point between the first link and the vehicle body.

[0018] The door opening and closing device can open and close the door by driving the first link. Also, because the actuator can be easily installed near the first link, the space occupied by the actuator on the roof is reduced compared to when the actuator is installed on the roof.

[0019] The door opening and closing device preferably includes a slider actuator that drives the slider in a direction intersecting the width direction, and the slider actuator is preferably installed on the roof.

[0020] The door opening and closing device can open and close the door by driving the slider. Furthermore, since the slider actuator is installed on the roof, the door opening and closing device makes it easier to secure space for installing the slider actuator.

[0021] It is preferable that the door opening opens to the rear of the vehicle body, and the door is a back door. The door opening and closing device can reduce the amount of rearward protrusion of the door when the back door is opened or closed. [Effects of the Invention]

[0022] The door opening and closing device can reduce the amount of door protrusion during opening and closing operations. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the rear of the vehicle. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a front view of the rear of the vehicle. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a drive mechanism of the door opening and closing device. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the positioning mechanism of the door opening and closing device. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the sub-link mechanism of the positioning mechanism. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the sub-link mechanism. [Figure 7]FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the sub-link mechanism. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a side view of the rear part of the vehicle when the back door is in the fully closed position. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the positioning mechanism shown in FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a side view of the rear part of the vehicle when the back door is located at the intermediate position. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the positioning mechanism shown in FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a side view of the rear of the vehicle when the back door is in a fully open position. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the positioning mechanism shown in FIG. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the sub-link mechanism when the back door is in the fully closed position. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the sub-link mechanism when the back door is located at the intermediate position. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the sub-link mechanism when the back door is in the fully open position. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a side view of the rear part of the vehicle according to the modified example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] An embodiment of a vehicle equipped with a door opening and closing device will be described below. <Vehicle 10> 1 and 2, a vehicle 10 includes a vehicle body 20, a back door 40, and a door opening / closing device 60. As shown in Fig. 1, the vehicle 10 is a so-called SUV type vehicle. In other embodiments, the vehicle 10 may be a minivan type vehicle, a sedan type vehicle, or another type of vehicle, as long as it includes the back door 40.

[0025] <Body 20> 1 and 2, the vehicle body 20 includes a roof 21 that forms the ceiling portion of the vehicle body 20, two rear pillars 22 extending from the roof 21, and a door opening 23 that opens to the rear. Although the configuration on one side is not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the vehicle body 20 includes two brackets 30 that are fixed to the two rear pillars 22, respectively.

[0026] The roof 21 has two storage recesses 24 with the depth direction facing downward, and two cover panels 25 that cover the two storage recesses 24. The storage recesses 24 are located at the rear end of the roof 21, at both ends in the width direction of the roof 21. When viewed from above, the storage recess 24 has a rectangular shape with the longitudinal direction being the front-to-rear direction and the transverse direction being the width direction.

[0027] The rear pillars 22 are part of the frame that constitutes the vehicle body 20. The two rear pillars 22 extend in the vertical direction with a gap between them in the width direction. The two rear pillars 22 are connected to both ends of the roof 21 in the width direction, respectively, at positions near the rear end. The rear pillars 22 may be molded integrally with the quarter panels.

[0028] When the vehicle body 20 is viewed from the rear, the door opening 23 has a rectangular shape with the width direction as the longitudinal direction and the up-down direction as the short side. Specifically, the length of the lower edge of the door opening 23 in the width direction is longer than the length of the upper edge in the width direction. In other words, the door opening 23 has a trapezoidal shape when the vehicle body 20 is viewed from the rear. The door opening 23 is located between the two rear pillars 22 in the width direction.

[0029] The bracket 30 is a part that is connected to the door opening and closing device 60. The bracket 30 will be described later together with the door opening and closing device 60. <Backdoor 40> 1 and 2, the back door 40 operates between a fully closed position where the door opening 23 is fully closed and a fully open position where the door opening 23 is fully opened. The door opening degree is minimum when the back door 40 is in the fully closed position, and maximum when the back door 40 is in the fully open position. In the following description, when the back door 40 is in the fully closed position, the part of the back door 40 that corresponds to the upper end of the door opening 23 is referred to as the base end of the back door 40, and the part of the back door 40 that corresponds to the lower end of the door opening 23 is referred to as the tip end of the back door 40. When the back door 40 is in the fully closed position, the base end of the back door 40 is the upper end, and the tip end of the back door 40 is the lower end.

[0030] The tailgate 40 includes a door body 41 that covers the door opening 23. Although only one side of the configuration is shown in Figures 1 and 2, the tailgate 40 includes two connecting arms 42 extending from the door body 41 and two stays 50 fixed to the door body 41. The door body 41 has a shape corresponding to the door opening 23. The two connecting arms 42 extend from the base end of the door body 41 with a gap between them in the width direction. The stays 50 are connected to a door opening / closing device 60. The stays 50 will be described later together with the door opening / closing device 60. In this embodiment, the width direction of the vehicle 10 is also the width direction of the tailgate 40.

[0031] <Door opening / closing device 60> 1 and 2 , only one side of the configuration is shown, but the door opening and closing device 60 includes two drive mechanisms 100 that drive the tailgate 40 and two positioning mechanisms 200 that position the tailgate 40 depending on the door opening angle. The two drive mechanisms 100 are accommodated in the accommodation recess 24 of the roof 21 with a gap between them in the width direction. The two positioning mechanisms 200 are disposed between the rear pillar 22 and the tailgate 40 with a gap between them in the width direction. The two drive mechanisms 100 are symmetrically configured in the width direction, and the two positioning mechanisms 200 are symmetrically configured in the width direction. For this reason, the following description will focus on the drive mechanism 100 and positioning mechanism 200 on the left side of the vehicle 10.

[0032] <Drive mechanism 100> As shown in FIG. 3, the drive mechanism 100 includes an actuator 110, a linear motion mechanism 120, a slider 130, and a guide rail 140.

[0033] As shown in FIG. 3 , the actuator 110 includes an electric motor 111, a reduction mechanism 112 that reduces the rotational speed of the output shaft of the electric motor 111, and a support portion 113 that supports the electric motor 111. The actuator 110 is installed in the accommodation recess 24 of the roof 21. The linear motion mechanism 120 is a so-called feed screw mechanism. The linear motion mechanism 120 includes a threaded shaft 121 that rotates based on power transmitted from the actuator 110, a nut 122 that threadably engages with the threaded shaft 121, and two support portions 123 that rotatably support the threaded shaft 121. The threaded shaft 121 extends in the front-rear direction. The two support portions 123 support both longitudinal ends of the threaded shaft 121, respectively. The nut 122 is connected to a slider 130, thereby limiting the degree of rotational freedom of the threaded shaft 121 about its axis. Therefore, the nut 122 is displaced in the axial direction of the screw shaft 121 as the screw shaft 121 rotates. The direction of displacement of the nut 122 differs depending on the direction of rotation of the screw shaft 121. The actuator 110 corresponds to an example of a "slider actuator."

[0034] The slider 130 includes a support plate 131 that rotatably supports the tailgate 40, and two main rollers 132 and a sub-roller 133 that are rotatably supported on the support plate 131. The support plate 131 is joined to the connecting arm 42 of the tailgate 40 by a pin whose axial direction is the width direction. In this respect, it can be said that the tailgate 40 is supported on the slider 130 so as to be rotatable about an axis extending in the width direction. The axial direction of the two main rollers 132 is the width direction, and the axial direction of the sub-roller 133 is the up-down direction. In the front-rear direction, the sub-roller 133 is located between the two main rollers 132. The support plate 131 is connected to a nut 122 in the width direction. Therefore, when the nut 122 is displaced in the axial direction of the screw shaft 121, the slider 130 is displaced together with the nut 122.

[0035] The guide rail 140 has a long rod-like shape. The guide rail 140 is fixed to the accommodation recess 24 of the roof 21 along the screw shaft 121. In this respect, the guide rail 140 extends along the roof 21. Here, the fact that the guide rail 140 extends along the roof 21 does not necessarily mean that the guide rail 140 extends parallel to the roof 21. The guide rail 140 may extend linearly in the front-rear direction, or may extend in the front-rear direction while curving so as to follow the roof 21. The guide rail 140 has a bottom wall 141, an upper wall 142 that faces the bottom wall 141 in the vertical direction, and a side wall 143 that connects the bottom wall 141 and the upper wall 142 in the vertical direction. The guide rail 140 accommodates the two main rollers 132 and the sub-roller 133 of the slider 130. When the slider 130 displaces together with the nut 122 in the axial direction of the screw shaft 121, the two main rollers 132 rotate while contacting the bottom wall 141 or the top wall 142 of the guide rail 140. On the other hand, the sub-roller 133 rotates while contacting the side wall 143 of the guide rail 140.

[0036] Thus, in the drive mechanism 100, the slider 130 is capable of displacing in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail 140 while rotatably supporting the base end of the back door 40. In other words, the slider 130 is capable of displacing in a direction intersecting the width direction along the roof 21. As described in the description of the guide rail 140, the displacement of the slider 130 along the roof 21 does not only mean displacement parallel to the roof 21.

[0037] <Positioning mechanism 200> As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the positioning mechanism 200 includes a main link mechanism 210 that adjusts the posture of the back door 40 according to the door opening degree, and a sub-link mechanism 250 that transmits the door opening degree to the main link mechanism 210.

[0038] <Main link mechanism 210> 4 and 5, the main link mechanism 210 includes a crank-shaped first link 220 and a rod-shaped second link 230. In the following description, in the longitudinal direction of the main link mechanism 210, the end connected to the vehicle body 20 is also referred to as the base end, and the end connected to the back door 40 is also referred to as the tip end.

[0039] The first link 220 has a plate-shaped link body 221, a driven shaft 222 extending from the link body 221 in the plate thickness direction, and a driven gear 223 that rotates integrally with the driven shaft 222. The driven shaft 222 extends from one end of the link body 221. The second link 230 has a first socket 231, which is a ball socket, at one end. The second link 230 is longer than the first link 220. The end of the second link 230 that is not provided with the first socket 231 and the end of the first link 220 that is not provided with the driven shaft 222 are connected to each other so as to be able to rotate relative to each other.

[0040] <Sub-link mechanism 250> 4 and 5, the sub-link mechanism 250 includes a fixed link 260, a movable link 270 that is displaceable relative to the fixed link 260, and a coil spring 280 that biases the movable link 270. In the following description, in the longitudinal direction of the sub-link mechanism 250, the end connected to the vehicle body 20 is also referred to as a base end, and the end connected to the back door 40 is also referred to as a tip end.

[0041] 5, the fixed link 260 has a cylindrical outer tube 261, a bottom wall 262 that closes the opening on the base end side of the outer tube 261, and a shaft 263 that extends from the bottom wall 262 along the outer tube 261. The fixed link 260 also has a fixing plate 264 that is fixed to the tip of the shaft 263, a fixing screw 265 that fixes the fixing plate 264 to the tip of the shaft 263, and a transmission part 266 that is an engagement part with the main link mechanism 210.

[0042] The outer tube 261 has, at its tip, two guide grooves 261S extending in the axial direction of the outer tube 261. The two guide grooves 261S face each other in the radial direction of the outer tube 261. The outer diameter of the shaft body 263 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube 261, and the length of the shaft body 263 is shorter than the length of the outer tube 261. The shaft body 263 is housed inside the outer tube 261 with a gap provided between it and the outer tube 261. The fixing plate 264 has a rectangular plate shape. The fixing plate 264 is fixed to the tip of the shaft body 263 so that its plate thickness direction is the axial direction of the shaft body 263. The transmission unit 266 is integral with the bottom wall 262. The transmission unit 266 includes a cylindrical drive shaft 267 and a drive gear 268 that rotates integrally with the drive shaft 267. In this embodiment, the rotation axis of the drive gear 268 and the axis of the outer cylinder 261 are in a twisted positional relationship.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 5, the movable link 270 has a cylindrical inner tube 271, two guide pins 275 fixed to the inner tube 271, and an extension portion 276 fixed to one end of the inner tube 271.

[0044] The inner cylinder 271 has a peripheral wall 272 whose cross section perpendicular to the axial direction is elliptical, and two partition walls 273, 274 that cover both ends of the peripheral wall 272. The partition walls 273, 274 include through holes that are rectangular when viewed from the axial direction of the inner cylinder 271. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the inner cylinder 271 is housed in the fixed link 260, and the inner cylinder 271 houses the fixed plate 264. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, when the inner cylinder 271 is displaced in a direction that projects from the fixed link 260, the partition wall 273 of the inner cylinder 271 gets caught on the fixed plate 264. In this way, the movable link 270 does not fall off the fixed link 260.

[0045] 5 and 6, the two guide pins 275 are provided at positions facing each other in the radial direction of the inner tube 271. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, when the inner tube 271 is housed in the fixed link 260, the two guide pins 275 are respectively received in the two guide grooves 261S of the outer tube 261. By engaging the two guide pins 275 with the two guide grooves 261S, the movable link 270 is allowed to displace in the axial direction relative to the fixed link 260, but is restricted from rotating about the axis relative to the fixed link 260.

[0046] In the cross-sectional view shown in Figure 6, there is almost no gap between the shaft 263 of the fixed link 260 and the partition wall 273 of the movable link 270. In addition, there is almost no gap between the fixed plate 264 of the fixed link 260 and the inner cylinder 271 of the movable link 270. Furthermore, there is almost no gap between the outer cylinder 261 of the fixed link 260 and the inner cylinder 271 of the movable link 270. Therefore, the movable link 270 cannot swing relative to the fixed link 260 around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the paper in Figure 6. Note that Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 267 of the fixed link 260.

[0047] On the other hand, in the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 7 , there is no partition wall 273 between the shaft 263 of the fixed link 260 and the inner tube 271 of the movable link 270. In other words, there is a gap between the shaft 263 of the fixed link 260 and the base end of the inner tube 271 of the movable link 270. There is also a gap between the fixed plate 264 of the fixed link 260 and the inner tube 271 of the movable link 270. There is also a gap between the outer tube 261 of the fixed link 260 and the inner tube 271 of the movable link 270. Therefore, as indicated by the outline arrow, the movable link 270 can swing relative to the fixed link 260 around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 7 , specifically, around the axis of the guide pin 275. However, the range over which the movable link 270 can swing is limited. Note that FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axis of the guide pin 275.

[0048] 4 and 5, the extension portion 276 has a fixed flange 277 fixed to the partition wall 274 of the inner cylinder 271, and a connecting shaft 278 extending from the fixed flange 277. The fixed flange 277 extends like a flange from the base end of the connecting shaft 278. The fixed flange 277 has a second socket 279 at its tip end. The second socket 279 is a ball socket that constitutes a ball joint, similar to the first socket 231.

[0049] 6 and 7, the coil spring 280 is disposed in a compressed state between the outer cylinder 261 and the shaft body 263 of the fixed link 260, and between the bottom wall 262 of the fixed link 260 and the partition wall 273 of the movable link 270. The coil spring 280 constantly biases the movable link 270 regardless of the position of the movable link 270.

[0050] As described above, in the sub-link mechanism 250, the fixed link 260 supports the movable link 270 so that it can expand and contract in the axial direction of the fixed link 260. Furthermore, the fixed link 260 supports the movable link 270 so that it can swing about an axis extending in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the fixed link 260. In this respect, it can be said that the sub-link mechanism 250 is both expandable and contractible and bendable.

[0051] <Bracket 30> As shown in FIG. 4 , the bracket 30 includes a first bracket 31 fixed to the vehicle body 20 and a second bracket 32 fixed to the first bracket 31. The first bracket 31 and the second bracket 32 sandwich the driven gear 223 of the main link mechanism 210 and the drive gear 268 of the sub-link mechanism 250, thereby rotatably supporting the base end of the main link mechanism 210 and the base end of the sub-link mechanism 250. In other words, the bracket 30 rotatably supports the driven shaft 222 of the main link mechanism 210 and the drive shaft 267 of the sub-link mechanism 250. At this time, the rotation axes of the driven shaft 222 and the drive shaft 267 face in the same direction, and the driven gear 223 of the main link mechanism 210 and the drive gear 268 of the sub-link mechanism 250 are engaged with each other. Therefore, when the drive gear 268 rotates, the driven gear 223 rotates. In this embodiment, the gear ratio between the drive gear 268 and the driven gear 223 is 2. For example, while the drive gear 268 rotates 10 degrees, the driven gear 223 rotates 20 degrees.

[0052] 1 and 2, the fixing position of the bracket 30 is closer to the upper end of the door opening 23 in the vertical direction than to the lower end of the door opening 23. The bracket 30 is fixed to the rear pillar 22 so that the rotation axes of the driven shaft 222 and the drive shaft 267 face the width direction. Therefore, the rotation axes of the main link mechanism 210 and the sub-link mechanism 250 relative to the vehicle body 20 extend in the width direction.

[0053] <Stay 50> As shown in FIG. 4 , the stay 50 includes a flat base plate 51 and a first protruding portion 52 and a second protruding portion 53 protruding from the base plate 51. The first protruding portion 52 has a first ball 54 at its tip, and the second protruding portion 53 has a second ball 55 at its tip. The first ball 54 and the second ball 55 are spherical. The first ball 54 is received in a first socket 231 of the second link 230, and the second ball 55 is received in a second socket 279 of the first link 220. Thus, the first socket 231 and the first ball 54 form a ball joint, and the second socket 279 and the second ball 55 form a ball joint. Thus, the stay 50 supports the tip end of the main link mechanism 210 and the tip end of the sub-link mechanism 250 so that they can rotate in any direction.

[0054] 1 and 2, the stay 50 is fixed to a side portion of the tailgate 40, at a position between the base end and the tip end of the tailgate 40. At this time, the first ball 54 is located closer to the base end of the tailgate 40 than the second ball 55.

[0055] 4, in the following description, the distance between the connection point between the main link mechanism 210 and the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the main link mechanism 210 and the back door 40 will be referred to as the "distance Lm between the connection points of the main link mechanism 210." More specifically, the distance Lm between the connection points of the main link mechanism 210 is the distance between the connection point between the first link 220 of the main link mechanism 210 and the bracket 30 of the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the second link 230 of the main link mechanism 210 and the stay 50 of the back door 40. Here, the connection point between the first link 220 and the bracket 30 corresponds to the axis of the driven shaft 222 of the first link 220, and the connection point between the second link 230 and the stay 50 corresponds to the center of the first socket 231 of the second link 230.

[0056] Furthermore, the distance between the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the back door 40 is referred to as the "distance Ls between the connection points of the sub-link mechanism 250." More specifically, the distance Ls between the connection points of the sub-link mechanism 250 is the distance between the connection point between the fixed link 260 of the sub-link mechanism 250 and the bracket 30 of the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the movable link 270 of the sub-link mechanism 250 and the stay 50 of the back door 40. Here, the connection point between the fixed link 260 and the bracket 30 corresponds to the axis of the drive shaft 267 of the fixed link 260, and the connection point between the movable link 270 and the stay 50 corresponds to the center of the second socket 279 of the movable link 270.

[0057] 2, the connection point between the main link mechanism 210 and the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the main link mechanism 210 and the tailgate 40 are offset in the width direction. Specifically, the connection point between the main link mechanism 210 and the vehicle body 20 is located closer to the center of the vehicle 10 than the connection point between the main link mechanism 210 and the tailgate 40. Similarly, the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the tailgate 40 are offset in the width direction. Specifically, the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the vehicle body 20 is located closer to the center of the vehicle 10 than the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the tailgate 40. In this respect, in this embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the main link mechanism 210 and the longitudinal direction of the sub-link mechanism 250 are inclined with respect to the up-down direction and are non-orthogonal to the width direction.

[0058] <Operation of this embodiment> Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 8 to 14, a description will be given of how the back door 40 is opened from the fully closed position to the fully open position.

[0059] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the rear of the vehicle 10 when the back door 40 is in the fully closed position, and Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the positioning mechanism 200 extracted from Fig. 8. As shown in Fig. 8, the slider 130 of the drive mechanism 100 is located in a fully closed position near the rear end of the guide rail 140. Therefore, the back door 40 is located in the fully closed position.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 9, when the back door 40 is in the fully closed position, the sub-link mechanism 250 rotates most in the first rotation direction Rs1. Therefore, the drive gear 268 of the sub-link mechanism 250 rotates most in the first rotation direction Rs1, and the driven gear 223 of the main link mechanism 210 rotates most in the second rotation direction Rm2. At this time, the main link mechanism 210 extends in a substantially straight line. In other words, in the main link mechanism 210, the longitudinal direction of the first link 220 and the longitudinal direction of the second link 230 are oriented in substantially the same direction. However, in the main link mechanism 210, the connection point of the first link 220 and the second link 230 is located between the connection point of the first link 220 to the vehicle body 20 and the connection point of the second link 230 to the back door 40. As a result, the distance Lm between the connection points of the main link mechanism 210 is at its longest.

[0061] 10, when the slider 130 is displaced forward from the fully closed position along the guide rail 140, the base end of the back door 40 is pulled forward. At this time, the back door 40 rotates about a rotation axis passing through the base end in the width direction while displacing forward. In this way, the back door 40 is opened by the forward displacement of the slider 130.

[0062] 11, when the back door 40 is opened from the fully closed position, the sub-link mechanism 250 rotates in the second rotation direction Rs2 about the drive shaft 267 in accordance with the opening operation of the back door 40. That is, the drive gear 268 of the sub-link mechanism 250 rotates in the second rotation direction Rs2. In this case, the driven gear 223 of the main link mechanism 210, which meshes with the drive gear 268, rotates in the first rotation direction Rm1, and therefore the first link 220 rotates in the first rotation direction Rm1 about the axis of the driven shaft 222.

[0063] When the first link 220 rotates in the first rotation direction Rm1, the connection point between the first link 220 and the second link 230 moves forward of the driven shaft 222 while tracing an arc. As a result, the stay 50 of the back door 40 moves not only upward but also forward, as shown by the solid arrow in Fig. 11. In this way, when the back door 40 is opened from the fully closed position, the back door 40 is less likely to protrude rearward.

[0064] In the following description, the position of the slider 130 shown in FIG. 10 will be referred to as the intermediate position, and the position of the tailgate 40 shown in FIG. 10 will be referred to as the intermediate position. The intermediate position is a position between the fully closed position and the fully open position. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 , when the tailgate 40 is in the intermediate position, the main link mechanism 210 extends linearly. In other words, in the main link mechanism 210, the longitudinal direction of the first link 220 and the longitudinal direction of the second link 230 are oriented in the same direction. However, unlike the case shown in FIG. 9 , the connection point between the first link 220 and the vehicle body 20 is located between the connection point between the first link 220 and the second link 230 and the connection point between the second link 230 and the tailgate 40. As a result, the distance Lm between the connection points of the main link mechanism 210 is shortest. Thus, when the tailgate 40 operates between the fully closed position and the intermediate position, the greater the door opening angle, the shorter the distance Lm between the connection points of the main link mechanism 210. As the door opening angle increases, the distance Lm between the connection points of the main link mechanism 210 decreases, causing the stay 50 to move forward compared to when the distance Lm between the connection points does not decrease.

[0065] The door opening degree corresponding to the intermediate position can be set arbitrarily. For example, if the door opening degree when the back door 40 is in the fully closed position is set to "0%" and the door opening degree when the back door 40 is in the fully open position is set to "100%, " the door opening degree when the back door 40 is in the intermediate position may be "50%". Furthermore, the door opening degree when the back door 40 is in the intermediate position may be greater than "50%" or less than "50%".

[0066] 12, when the slider 130 is displaced forward from the intermediate corresponding position along the guide rail 140, the base end portion of the back door 40 is pulled further forward. At this time, the back door 40 rotates about a rotation axis passing through the base end portion in the width direction while displacing forward. In this way, the back door 40 is opened by the forward displacement of the slider 130.

[0067] 13, when the back door 40 is opened from the intermediate position, the sub-link mechanism 250 rotates in the second rotation direction Rs2 about the drive shaft 267 in accordance with the opening operation of the back door 40. That is, the drive gear 268 of the sub-link mechanism 250 rotates in the second rotation direction Rs2. In this case, the driven gear 223 of the main link mechanism 210, which meshes with the drive gear 268, rotates in the first rotation direction Rm1, and therefore the first link 220 rotates in the first rotation direction Rm1 about the axis of the driven shaft 222.

[0068] When the first link 220 rotates in the first rotation direction Rm1, the connection point between the first link 220 and the second link 230 moves upward relative to the driven shaft 222 while tracing an arc. As a result, the stay 50 of the back door 40 is displaced not only forward but also upward, as shown by the solid arrow in Fig. 13. In this way, when the back door 40 is opened from the fully closed position, the back door 40 is more likely to be displaced upward.

[0069] In the following description, the position of the slider 130 shown in FIG. 12 is referred to as the fully-open position. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 , when the tailgate 40 is in the fully-open position, the angle between the longitudinal direction of the first link 220 and the longitudinal direction of the second link 230 in the main link mechanism 210 is approximately 90 degrees. As a result, the distance Lm between the connecting points of the main link mechanism 210 is shorter than when the tailgate 40 is in the fully-closed position and longer than when the tailgate 40 is in the intermediate position. Thus, when the tailgate 40 operates between the intermediate position and the fully-open position, the greater the door opening angle, the longer the distance Lm between the connecting points of the main link mechanism 210. As the door opening angle increases, the distance Lm between the connecting points of the main link mechanism 210 increases, causing the stay 50 to move upward compared to when the distance Lm between the connecting points is not increased.

[0070] 2, the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the tailgate 40 are positioned offset in the width direction. The connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the tailgate 40 cannot be displaced in the width direction. Therefore, when the tailgate 40 is opened or closed, the distance Ls between the connection points of the sub-link mechanism 250 changes without changing the distance in the width direction between the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the tailgate 40.

[0071] If the sub-link mechanism 250 could be tilted in the vertical direction during the opening and closing operation of the back door 40, it would be possible to accommodate changes in the distance Ls between the connecting points of the sub-link mechanism 250 simply by extending and contracting the sub-link mechanism 250. However, because the base end of the sub-link mechanism 250 is only allowed to rotate about an axis extending in the width direction, the sub-link mechanism 250 cannot be tilted in the vertical direction. Therefore, during the opening and closing operation of the back door 40, the sub-link mechanism 250 accommodates changes in the distance Ls between the connecting points of the sub-link mechanism 250 by extending and contracting the movable link 270 relative to the fixed link 260 and swinging it. This will be explained in detail below.

[0072] 8 and 9, when the back door 40 is in the fully closed position, the distance Ls between the connection points of the sub-link mechanism 250 is long. At this time, as shown in Fig. 14, in the sub-link mechanism 250, the movable link 270 is not inclined with respect to the fixed link 260. In other words, the axis of the fixed link 260 and the axis of the movable link 270 are positioned on the same straight line.

[0073] 10 and 11, when the back door 40 is opened from the fully closed position to the intermediate position, the distance Ls between the connection points of the sub-link mechanism 250 gradually decreases. That is, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the fixed link 260 is displaced in a direction that compresses the coil spring 280. Furthermore, when the back door 40 is opened from the fully closed position to the intermediate position, the movable link 270 tilts with respect to the fixed link 260. More specifically, the axis of the movable link 270 tilts with respect to the axis of the fixed link 260. In this way, the sub-link mechanism 250 can contract while maintaining the widthwise distance between the connection point with the vehicle body 20 and the connection point with the back door 40.

[0074] 12 and 13, when the back door 40 is opened from the intermediate position to the fully open position, the distance Ls between the connection points of the sub-link mechanism 250 gradually increases. That is, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the movable link 270 is displaced in a direction protruding from the fixed link 260. Furthermore, when the back door 40 is opened from the intermediate position to the fully open position, the inclination of the movable link 270 with respect to the fixed link 260 gradually decreases. In this way, the sub-link mechanism 250 can extend while maintaining the widthwise distance between the connection point with the vehicle body 20 and the connection point with the back door 40.

[0075] 9 and 13, when the back door 40 is in the fully open position, the distance Ls between the connection points of the sub-link mechanism 250 becomes long, similar to when the back door 40 is in the fully closed position. Therefore, when the back door 40 is in the fully open position, the movable link 270 does not tilt with respect to the fixed link 260, similar to when the back door 40 is in the fully closed position, as shown in FIGS.

[0076] In the explanation of the operation of this embodiment, the movements of the multiple components of the door opening and closing device 60 have been explained in order to facilitate understanding of the explanation, but more accurately, the multiple components of the door opening and closing device 60 operate simultaneously while coordinating with one another. In other words, in this embodiment, a mechanism with one degree of freedom is configured by the vehicle body 20, the back door 40, the slider 130 of the drive mechanism 100, the first link 220 and the second link 230 of the main link mechanism 210, and the fixed link 260 and the movable link 270 of the sub-link mechanism 250.

[0077] <Effects of this embodiment> (1) The slider 130 is displaceable in the front-rear direction while supporting the base end of the tailgate 40 rotatably about an axis extending in the width direction. Therefore, if the slider 130 were the only point of contact between the tailgate 40 and the vehicle body 20, the posture of the tailgate 40 would be unstable depending on the door opening degree. In this regard, the door opening / closing device 60 includes a main link mechanism 210 that connects the vehicle body 20 and the tailgate 40, so the posture of the tailgate 40 is determined depending on the door opening degree. Furthermore, when the tailgate 40 is opened from the fully closed position, the distance Lm between the connecting points of the main link mechanism 210 gradually decreases as the door opening degree increases. Therefore, the main link mechanism 210 makes it difficult for the tailgate 40 to displace rearward. As a result, the tailgate 40 is less likely to protrude in a direction away from the door opening 23. In this way, the door opening / closing device 60 can suppress the amount of protrusion of the tailgate 40.

[0078] (2) If the distance Lm between the connecting points of the main link mechanism 210 is shortened as the door opening degree increases, the vertical opening amount of the door opening portion 23 tends to decrease when the tailgate 40 reaches the fully open position. In this regard, when the tailgate 40 is moved between the fully closed position and the intermediate position, the door opening / closing device 60 shortens the distance Lm between the connecting points of the main link mechanism 210 as the door opening degree increases. This reduces the rearward protrusion of the tailgate 40, which opens and closes near the fully closed position. Furthermore, when the tailgate 40 is moved between the intermediate position and the fully open position, the door opening / closing device 60 lengthens the distance Lm between the connecting points of the main link mechanism 210 as the door opening degree increases. This increases the vertical opening amount of the door opening portion 23 when the tailgate 40 is located at the fully open position. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 , the protrusion amount of the tailgate 40 becomes an issue mainly when the tailgate 40 is moved between the fully closed position and the intermediate position.

[0079] (3) The door opening and closing device 60 can change the distance Lm between the connecting points of the main link mechanism 210 by rotating the first link 220 in accordance with the door opening degree. In other words, the door opening and closing device 60 can adjust the amount of protrusion of the back door 40 by rotating the first link 220.

[0080] (4) The amount of rotation of the sub-link mechanism 250 around the point of connection to the vehicle body 20 changes depending on the door opening degree. The sub-link mechanism 250 rotates the first link 220 based on the rotation around the point of connection to the vehicle body 20. In this way, the door opening / closing device 60 can rotate the first link 220 depending on the door opening degree. For example, the door opening / closing device 60 does not need to be provided with an actuator that rotates the first link 220 depending on the door opening degree, which helps prevent the device from becoming too complicated.

[0081] (5) The main link mechanism 210 has a driven gear 223 that rotates about a rotation axis relative to the vehicle body 20, and the sub-link mechanism 250 has a drive gear 268 that rotates about a rotation axis relative to the vehicle body 20 while meshing with the driven gear 223. Therefore, the door opening and closing device 60 can transmit power between the main link mechanism 210 and the sub-link mechanism 250 using two gears.

[0082] (6) When the back door 40 is in the fully open position, the coil spring 280 of the sub-link mechanism 250 biases the movable link 270 in a direction that increases the distance Ls between the connecting points of the sub-link mechanism 250. In other words, the restoring force of the coil spring 280 acts in a direction that opens the back door 40. Therefore, the door opening and closing device 60 can hold the back door 40 in the fully open position even when the power of the actuator 110 is turned off.

[0083] (7) In the sub-link mechanism 250, the movable link 270 can swing relative to the fixed link 260. Therefore, even if the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the vehicle body 20 and the connection point between the sub-link mechanism 250 and the back door 40 are misaligned in the width direction, the door opening and closing device 60 can extend and retract the sub-link mechanism 250 without applying a load to the sub-link mechanism 250.

[0084] (8) In the door opening and closing device 60, the actuator 110 is installed on the roof 21. This makes it easier to secure a space for installing the actuator 110. <Example of change> This embodiment can be modified as follows: This embodiment and the following modifications can be combined and implemented within the scope of technical compatibility.

[0085] The drive mechanism 100 does not have to include the actuator 110 that drives the back door 40. In this case, the back door 40 becomes a door that is opened and closed manually by the user. The actuator 110 of the door opening and closing device 60 may be an actuator that drives a movable part other than the slider 130. For example, as shown in FIG. 17, the door opening and closing device 60 may be a door opening and closing device 60A that includes an actuator 301 or an actuator 302 instead of the actuator 110.

[0086] The actuator 301 corresponds to a "main actuator" and drives the first link 220 of the main link mechanism 210 to rotate about the connection point with the vehicle body 20. The actuator 301 preferably includes a motor and a transmission mechanism that transmits the rotation of the output shaft of the motor to the driven gear 223 of the first link 220. The actuator 302 corresponds to a "sub-actuator" and drives the fixed link 260 of the sub-link mechanism 250 to rotate about the connection point with the vehicle body 20. The actuator 302 preferably includes a motor and a transmission mechanism that transmits the rotation of the output shaft of the motor to the drive gear 268 of the fixed link 260.

[0087] According to this modification, the back door 40 can be opened or closed by driving the first link 220 or the fixed link 260 with the actuators 301, 302. According to this modification, the actuators 301, 302 can be installed near the driven gear 223 or the drive gear 268, thereby reducing the space occupied by the actuator 110 on the roof 21. Furthermore, this modification can improve design freedom by avoiding interference with other devices such as a sunroof device. Note that the actuator 301 may directly drive the driven shaft 222, and the actuator 302 may directly drive the drive shaft 267. This eliminates the need for the transmission mechanism described above, thereby reducing the number of parts in the door opening and closing device 60A.

[0088] The door opening / closing device 60 may omit the actuator 110 and use an extendable electric cylinder as the sub-link mechanism 250. In this case, the tailgate 40 can be opened and closed by extending and retracting the electric cylinder. In this modification, the electric cylinder serves as the drive source for the tailgate 40, thereby reducing the space on the roof 21 occupied by the actuator 110. In addition, this modification can improve design freedom by avoiding interference with other devices such as a sunroof device. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2015-161157 is an example of such an electric cylinder.

[0089] The door opening / closing device 60 may include multiple actuators that respectively drive multiple moving parts of the door opening / closing device 60. For example, the door opening / closing device 60 may include two or more actuators selected from the actuator 110 of the above embodiment, the actuators 301 and 302 of the above modified example, and an electric cylinder. In this case, the door opening / closing device 60 preferably uses multiple actuators in combination. In this modified example, the back door 40 can be opened and closed by simultaneously driving the multiple actuators. Therefore, in this modified example, the output required for each actuator is reduced, which prevents the individual actuators from becoming larger and prevents the space occupied by each actuator from becoming larger. Furthermore, this modified example can improve design freedom by avoiding interference with other devices, such as a sunroof device.

[0090] In the drive mechanism 100, the actuator 110 may further include a clutch that switches the state of power transmission between the output shaft of the electric motor 111 and the linear motion mechanism 120. The actuator 110 preferably disengages the clutch when the user manually opens or closes the back door 40. This allows the user to open or close the back door 40 with less operating force.

[0091] The main link mechanism 210 may include, instead of the first link 220 and the second link 230, a cam rotatably supported on the vehicle body 20 and a driven link having one end that slides on a cam surface of the cam and the other end that is rotatably supported on the back door 40. In this case, by rotating the cam in accordance with the rotation of the sub-link mechanism 250, the distance Lm between the connection points of the main link mechanism 210 can be changed.

[0092] The positioning mechanism 200 does not necessarily have to include the sub-link mechanism 250. In this case, the main link mechanism 210 preferably includes, instead of the first link 220 and the second link 230, an extendable electric cylinder, a control device that controls the electric cylinder according to the door opening degree, and an opening sensor that detects the door opening degree. When the back door 40 operates between the fully closed position and the intermediate position, the control device retracts the electric cylinder as the door opening degree increases. On the other hand, when the back door 40 operates between the intermediate position and the fully open position, the control device extends the electric cylinder as the door opening degree increases.

[0093] In the positioning mechanism 200, the sub-link mechanism 250 does not need to include the coil spring 280. In this case, the positioning mechanism 200 preferably includes a biasing member that biases the slider 130 forward and a biasing member that biases the driven gear 223 of the main link mechanism 210 in the second rotation direction Rm2.

[0094] The sub-link mechanism 250 may be an alternative mechanism that rotates the driven gear 223 of the main link mechanism 210 in accordance with the door opening angle. The alternative mechanism for the sub-link mechanism 250 may include a drum rotatably supported on the vehicle body 20, a cable having one end wound around the drum and the other end connected to the back door 40, and a spiral spring that biases the drum in the direction in which the cable is wound. The drum preferably rotates the driven gear 223 of the main link mechanism 210 in accordance with the amount of rotation, similar to the drive gear 268 described above.

[0095] The alternative mechanism to the sub-link mechanism 250 may be a mechanism that converts the linear movement of the slider 130 in the forward and backward directions into the rotational movement of the driven gear 223 of the main link mechanism 210 . The connection point of the sub-link mechanism 250 to the vehicle body 20 and the connection point of the sub-link mechanism 250 to the back door 40 do not need to be offset in the width direction. In this case, the sub-link mechanism 250 does not need to be configured so that the movable link 270 can swing relative to the fixed link 260.

[0096] The door opening 23 may be open to the side of the vehicle body 20 or may be open to the front of the vehicle body 20. The door opening and closing device 60 may be applied to a door that opens and closes such a door opening 23.

[0097] The door opening 23 does not have to be an opening for loading and unloading luggage. The door opening 23 may be an opening for a user to get in and out of the vehicle 10. If the vehicle body 20 has a roof opening in the roof 21, the vehicle 10 may be equipped with a sunroof device that opens and closes the roof opening. The sunroof device includes, for example, rails extending in the front-to-rear direction on both sides of the roof opening, a movable panel that opens and closes the roof opening, and a functional component that opens and closes the movable panel by displacing along the rails. In this case, it is preferable that the rails of the sunroof device are integrated with the guide rails 140 of the door opening and closing device 60. This modification reduces the number of components that make up the vehicle 10 compared to when the rails of the sunroof device and the guide rails 140 of the door opening and closing device 60 are separate components.

[0098] The technical concepts that can be understood from the above-described embodiments and modifications will be described below. The sub-link mechanism has a fixed link rotatably connected to the vehicle body, and a movable link rotatably connected to the door and supported extendably and contractibly relative to the fixed link, and the fixed link supports the movable link so that it can swing.

[0099] In the sub-link mechanism, the movable link can swing relative to the fixed link. Therefore, even if the connection point between the sub-link mechanism and the vehicle body and the connection point between the sub-link mechanism and the back door are misaligned in the width direction, the door opening and closing device can extend and retract the sub-link mechanism without applying a load to the sub-link mechanism. [Explanation of symbols]

[0100] 10...Vehicle 20...Body 21...Roof 23...Door opening 30…Bracket 40...Backdoor 50...Stay 60,60A...Door opening and closing device 100...Drive mechanism 110...Actuator (slider actuator) 130...Slider 140...Guide rail 200... Positioning mechanism 210...Main link mechanism 220... Link 1 222…Driven axis 223...Driven gear 230...Second link 250...Sub-link mechanism 260...permalink 267...Drive shaft 268...Drive gear 270...movable link 280...coil spring 301...Actuator (main actuator) 302...Actuator (sub-actuator) Lm: Distance between the connecting points of the main link mechanism Ls: Distance between the connecting points of the sub-link mechanism

Claims

1. A door opening and closing device applied to a vehicle including a vehicle body having a door opening and a door that opens and closes the door opening, When the door is positioned at a fully closed position where the door opening is fully closed, a portion of the door corresponding to an upper end of the door opening is defined as a base end of the door. a slider that supports a base end of the door rotatably about an axis extending in a width direction of the door and that displaces along a roof of the vehicle body in a direction intersecting the width direction; a main link mechanism having one end rotatably connected to the vehicle body and the other end rotatably connected to the door, the main link mechanism adjusting the posture of the door in accordance with the door opening degree by changing a distance between the connection points between the vehicle body and the door; When a position between the fully closed position and the fully open position where the door opening is fully opened is defined as an intermediate position, When the door is displaced between the fully closed position and the intermediate position, the main link mechanism shortens the distance between the connection points as the door opening degree increases. Door opening and closing device.

2. When the door is displaced between the intermediate position and the fully open position, the main link mechanism increases the distance between the connection points as the door opening degree increases. The door opening and closing device according to claim 1.

3. the main link mechanism includes a first link rotatably connected to the vehicle body, and a second link rotatably connected to the door and the first link, The first link rotates about the connection point with the vehicle body, thereby changing the distance between the connection points of the main link mechanism. The door opening and closing device according to claim 1 or 2.

4. a sub-link mechanism having one end rotatably connected to the vehicle body and the other end rotatably connected to the door, the sub-link mechanism expanding and contracting in accordance with the door opening degree; The sub-link mechanism rotates the first link about the point of connection with the vehicle body in accordance with an amount of rotation about the point of connection with the vehicle body. The door opening and closing device according to claim 3.

5. the main link mechanism has a driven gear that rotates about a rotation axis relative to the vehicle body, The sub-link mechanism has a drive gear that meshes with the driven gear and rotates about a rotation axis relative to the vehicle body. The door opening and closing device according to claim 4.

6. A sub-actuator for driving the sub-link mechanism is provided. The door opening and closing device according to claim 4 or 5.

7. The sub-actuator rotates the sub-link mechanism around a connection point between the sub-link mechanism and the vehicle body. The door opening and closing device according to claim 6.

8. a main actuator for driving the first link; The door opening and closing device according to any one of claims 3 to 7.

9. The main actuator rotates the first link around a connection point between the first link and the vehicle body. The door opening and closing device according to claim 8.

10. a slider actuator that drives the slider in a direction intersecting the width direction, The slider actuator is installed on the roof. The door opening and closing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. the door opening opens to the rear of the vehicle body, The door is a back door The door opening and closing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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