Busbar Module

Abstract

To provide a bus bar module that enables a reduction in the number of components.SOLUTION: A bus bar module 1 includes a plurality of bus bars 2 arranged along the first direction X, a case 4 that accommodates the plurality of bus bars, and a circuit body 3 mounted on the case, and the circuit body includes a main body 30 including a detection line connected to the bus bar and a plate-shaped cover covering the detection line, and an insulating cover portion 31 extending from the main body in a second direction Y orthogonal to the first direction and covering the plurality of bus bars, and the circuit body has a flexible portion, and the flexible portion can be bent to move the cover portion away from the bus bar and expose the bus bar.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a busbar module. [Background technology]

[0002] There are busbar modules in the related art. Patent Document 1 discloses a battery connection module equipped with a flexible circuit board including a main body and a plurality of L-shaped flexible arms extending from the main body. The battery connection module of Patent Document 1 has an upper cover that covers the busbars. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-23996 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 58-105165 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] It is desirable to reduce the number of parts in a bus bar module. For example, if it were possible to eliminate the need for a separate cover for covering the bus bar, the number of parts could be reduced.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a busbar module that enables a reduction in the number of parts. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The busbar module of the present invention comprises a plurality of busbars arranged along a first direction, a case that houses the plurality of busbars, and a circuit body that is placed on the case, wherein the circuit body has a main body that includes a detection wire connected to the busbars and a plate-shaped covering portion that covers the detection wire, and an insulating cover portion that extends from the main body toward a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction and covers the plurality of busbars, and the circuit body has a flexible portion that can be bent so as to move the cover portion away from the busbars and expose the busbars. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] In the bus bar module according to the present invention, the circuit section has an insulating cover section that covers the bus bar. The bus bar module according to the present invention has the effect of eliminating the need for a separate cover and reducing the number of components. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a busbar module according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the bus bar module according to the embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a plan view of the bus bar module according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the bus bar module according to the embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the case according to the embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the bus bar module according to the embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the bus bar module according to the embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a bus bar module according to a modified example of the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, a busbar module according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment. Furthermore, components in the following embodiments include those that can be easily imagined by a person skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

[0010] [Embodiment] An embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 7. The embodiment relates to a busbar module. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the busbar module according to the embodiment, Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the busbar module according to the embodiment, Fig. 3 is a plan view of the busbar module according to the embodiment, Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the busbar module according to the embodiment, Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a case according to the embodiment, Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the busbar module according to the embodiment, and Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the busbar module according to the embodiment.

[0011] As shown in Fig. 1, the busbar module 1 of this embodiment is assembled to a battery module 110. The busbar module 1 and the battery module 110 constitute a battery pack 100. The battery pack 100 is mounted as a power source in vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The battery pack 100 may include a plurality of busbar modules 1 and a plurality of battery modules 110.

[0012] The battery module 110 has a plurality of battery cells 120. The illustrated battery cells 120 have a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Two electrodes 121 are arranged on a first surface 120a of each battery cell 120. The shape of the first surface 120a is approximately rectangular.

[0013] The multiple battery cells 120 are arranged along a first direction X. More specifically, the multiple battery cells 120 are arranged such that the long side of one first surface 120a faces the long side of another adjacent first surface 120a in the first direction X. In the following description, a direction perpendicular to the first direction X on the first surface 120a is referred to as a "second direction Y." The second direction Y is the longitudinal direction of the first surface 120a. A direction perpendicular to both the first direction X and the second direction Y is referred to as a "third direction Z." The third direction Z is the height direction of the battery cells 120. The first surface 120a is perpendicular to the third direction Z. The battery pack 100 is mounted on a vehicle, for example, with the first surface 120a facing upward in the vehicle vertical direction.

[0014] The two electrodes 121 on the first surface 120a are aligned in the second direction Y. One of the two electrodes 121 on the first surface 120a is a positive electrode, and the other is a negative electrode. A group of the electrodes 121 arranged at one end of the first surface 120a in the longitudinal direction is referred to as a "first electrode group 121a." A group of the electrodes 121 arranged at the other end of the first surface 120a in the longitudinal direction is referred to as a "second electrode group 121b." In the battery module 110 of this embodiment, the positive electrodes and negative electrodes are aligned alternately in the first electrode group 121a. In the second electrode group 121b, the positive electrodes and negative electrodes are aligned alternately. The busbar module 1 of this embodiment connects a plurality of battery cells 120 in series.

[0015] The busbar module 1 includes multiple busbars 2, a circuit body 3, a case 4, a thermistor 5, and a connector 6. The busbars 2 are formed from a conductive metal plate such as copper or aluminum. As shown in FIG. 2 , the busbars 2 include a connection portion 20, a first terminal portion 21, and a second terminal portion 22. The connection portion 20 is connected to a voltage detection line. The first terminal portion 21 and the second terminal portion 22 are connected to electrodes 121 of the battery cells 120. The first terminal portion 21 and the second terminal portion 22 have through holes into which the electrodes 121 are inserted. The first terminal portion 21 and the second terminal portion 22 are fastened to the electrodes 121 by, for example, tightening nuts onto the electrodes 121. The first terminal portion 21 and the second terminal portion 22 may be connected to the electrodes 121 by welding or other methods.

[0016] The bus bar module 1 has a first bus bar group 2A and a second bus bar group 2B. The first bus bar group 2A and the second bus bar group 2B have a plurality of bus bars 2 arranged along a first direction X. The bus bars 2 of the first bus bar group 2A are fixed to the first electrode group 121a of the battery module 110. The bus bars 2 of the second bus bar group 2B are fixed to the second electrode group 121b.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 2 , the second bus bar group 2B has connecting bus bars 2C and 2D. The connecting bus bars 2C and 2D are bus bars 2 that are connected to bus bars 2 of other bus bar modules 1. The connecting bus bars 2C and 2D have through holes 23 through which fastening members are inserted. The connecting bus bars 2C and 2D are connected to bus bars 2 of other bus bar modules 1 via electric wires or bus bars. The connecting bus bar 2C is located at one end in the first direction X of the multiple bus bars 2 that the second bus bar group 2B has. The connecting bus bar 2D is located at the other end in the first direction X of the multiple bus bars 2 that the second bus bar group 2B has.

[0018] The thermistor 5 is an element that detects the temperature of the battery cell 120. The illustrated busbar module 1 has three thermistors 5A, 5B, and 5C. As shown in FIG. 2 , one thermistor 5A is disposed at one end in the first direction X, and the other thermistor 5C is disposed at the other end in the first direction X. The other thermistor 5B is disposed in the center in the first direction X.

[0019] The circuit body 3 of this embodiment is a plate-shaped circuit body and is flexible. The illustrated circuit body 3 is a flexible printed circuit (FPC). As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the circuit body 3 has a main body 30 and an insulating cover portion 31. The illustrated main body 30 and cover portion 31 are integrally formed. That is, the main body 30 and cover portion 31 are configured from a single continuous FPC.

[0020] 3, the main body 30 has detection wires 7 and a plate-shaped covering portion 8. The detection wires 7 include a plurality of voltage detection wires 71 connected to the busbar 2 and a temperature detection wire 72 connected to the thermistor 5. The detection wires 7 of this embodiment are formed by etching copper foil. The detection wires 7 are routed along the first direction X.

[0021] The covering portion 8 is an insulating resin layer that covers the detection wire. The covering portion 8 has a flexible base film and a coverlay. The covering portion 8 sandwiches the detection wire 7 between the base film and the coverlay. The covering portion 8 is formed of, for example, polyimide. Note that the main body 30 may have multiple layers of detection wire 7. In this case, for example, the detection wire 7 is arranged on both sides of the base film, and coverlays are attached to both sides.

[0022] The surface layer of the cover portion 31 is the covering portion 8. That is, the cover portion 31 is an insulating cover whose surface layer has insulating properties. The cover portion 31 has a first cover portion 31A and a second cover portion 31B. The first cover portion 31A is a cover that covers the first bus bar group 2A. The first cover portion 31A is formed, for example, so as to be able to cover and conceal the entire first bus bar group 2A. The first cover portion 31A extends from the main body 30 in the second direction Y.

[0023] The second cover portion 31B is a cover that covers the second bus bar group 2B. The second cover portion 31B is formed, for example, to be able to cover and conceal the entire second bus bar group 2B. The second cover portion 31B extends from the main body 30 in the second direction Y. The extending direction Y1 of the first cover portion 31A and the extending direction Y2 of the second cover portion 31B are opposite to each other.

[0024] The first cover portion 31A and the second cover portion 31B do not have, for example, copper foil. In this case, the first cover portion 31A and the second cover portion 31B are formed, for example, by a base film and a coverlay. With such a configuration, the rigidity of the first cover portion 31A and the second cover portion 31B can be made smaller than the rigidity of the main body 30. Furthermore, the weight of the circuit body 3 can be reduced.

[0025] The first cover portion 31A has cover pieces 32 and 33. The cover piece 33 is arranged at an end of the first cover portion 31A in the first direction X. The cover piece 33 is provided in a position facing the thermistor 5C. As shown in FIG. 2, the cover piece 33 covers the busbar 2E and thermistor 5C arranged at the end. The cover piece 32 covers all of the busbars 2 included in the first busbar group 2A except for the busbar 2E. A slit 31c extending along the second direction Y is formed between the two cover pieces 32 and 33.

[0026] The second cover portion 31B has cover pieces 34, 35, 36, and 37. The cover pieces 34 and 35 are arranged at one end of the second cover portion 31B in the first direction X. The cover piece 37 is arranged at the other end of the second cover portion 31B in the first direction X. The cover pieces 34 and 35 cover the connecting bus bar 2C. The cover piece 37 covers the connecting bus bar 2D. The cover piece 36 covers all of the bus bars 2 included in the second bus bar group 2B except for the connecting bus bars 2C and 2D.

[0027] Of the two cover pieces 34, 35 that cover the connecting bus bar 2C, the cover piece 35 faces the thermistor 5A. The cover piece 34 faces the through hole 23 of the connecting bus bar 2C. A slit 31d extending along the second direction Y is formed between the two cover pieces 34, 35. Furthermore, a slit 31e extending along the second direction Y is formed between the cover pieces 35 and 36. A slit 31f extending along the second direction Y is formed between the cover pieces 36 and 37.

[0028] 3, the first cover portion 31A and the second cover portion 31B have a plurality of through holes 31t. The through holes 31t are arranged at the tip end portion of the first cover portion 31A in the second direction Y and at the tip end portion of the second cover portion 31B in the second direction Y. The plurality of through holes 31t are arranged at predetermined intervals along the first direction X.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 4, the main body 30 of the circuit body 3 has a trunk portion 30a and branch portions 30b and 30c. The trunk portion 30a is the main portion of the main body 30 and has a rectangular shape in a plan view. The branch portions 30b and 30c are pieces formed by cutting the trunk portion 30a. The branch portion 30b is connected to the connection portion 20 of the busbar 2. The voltage detection line 71 is routed from the trunk portion 30a to the tip of the branch portion 30b. The branch portion 30b has a length that allows it to be connected to the busbar 2 with some extra length. The branch portion 30c is connected to the thermistor 5. The temperature detection line 72 is routed from the trunk portion 30a to the tip of the branch portion 30c. The branch portion 30c has a length that allows it to be connected to the thermistor 5 with some extra length.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 2 and other figures, the case 4 has a shape corresponding to the shape of the circuit body 3. The illustrated case 4 has a rectangular shape in a plan view. The case 4 is molded from, for example, an insulating synthetic resin. As shown in FIG. 5, the case 4 has a pair of side walls 40, a plurality of partition walls 41, and a plurality of support portions 42.

[0031] The side walls 40 are provided at both ends of the case 4 in the second direction Y. The side walls 40 are frame portions of the case 4 and extend along the first direction X. The side walls 40 have a plurality of engagement pieces 43 that engage with the cover portion 31. The engagement pieces 43 protrude in the third direction Z. The engagement pieces 43 are plate-shaped and have claws 43a at their tips. The claws 43a protrude toward the outside of the case 4 along the second direction Y. The plurality of claws 43a are arranged at predetermined intervals along the first direction X.

[0032] The partition wall 41 is a wall portion that forms an accommodation portion 44 that accommodates the bus bar 2. The partition wall 41 extends along the second direction Y. In other words, two bus bars 2 adjacent to each other in the first direction X are separated by the partition wall 41.

[0033] The support portion 42 is a portion that supports the main body 30 of the circuit body 3. The support portion 42 extends along the second direction Y. The multiple support portions 42 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X.

[0034] As shown in FIG. 6 , the circuit body 3 can be bent to expose the bus bars 2. The circuit body 3 of this embodiment is entirely flexible and can be bent at any desired location. When connecting the bus bars 2 to the battery cells 120, an operator bends the circuit body 3 so that the cover portion 31 is moved away from the bus bars 2 and the bus bars 2 are exposed. In the following description, the state in which the cover portion 31 exposes the bus bars 2 is referred to as the “open” state, and the state in which the cover portion 31 covers the bus bars 2 is referred to as the “closed” state. For example, when the cover pieces 32 and 33 are in the open state, all of the bus bars 2 in the first bus bar group 2A are exposed. On the other hand, when the cover pieces 32 and 33 are in the closed state, all of the bus bars 2 in the first bus bar group 2A are covered by the cover pieces 32 and 33.

[0035] To expose the first bus bar group 2A, the circuit body 3 is bent, for example, along a line L1 extending in the first direction X. The illustrated line L1 is a line extending along the branch portion 30b connected to the first bus bar group 2A. The worker bends the circuit body 3 along the line L1 to lift the cover piece 32, thereby exposing the bus bar 2 of the first bus bar group 2A. The worker also lifts the cover piece 33 to expose the end bus bar 2E. This enables the work of connecting the bus bar 2 of the first bus bar group 2A to the electrode 121 of the first electrode group 121a. In this way, the circuit body 3 has the portion of the line L1 as a flexible portion that can be bent so as to move the first cover portion 31A away from the bus bar 2 and expose the bus bar 2.

[0036] The cover pieces 32 and 33 can be opened and closed independently. For example, in the first cover portion 31A, the cover piece 33 can be lifted to expose the end bus bar 2E, and the cover piece 32 can cover the bus bar 2 except for the end bus bar 2E. Conversely, in a state in which the cover piece 33 covers the end bus bar 2E, the cover piece 32 can be lifted to expose the bus bar 2 except for the end bus bar 2E. The bending position when the cover piece 32 is in the open state and the bending position when the cover piece 33 is in the open state may be different. For example, the cover piece 33 may be bent along a line different from the line L1 to expose the thermistor 5C. In this case, the slit 31c is preferably formed up to the bending position of the cover piece 33.

[0037] To expose the second bus bar group 2B, the circuit body 3 is bent, for example, along a line L2 extending in the first direction X. The illustrated line L2 is a line extending along the branch portion 30b connected to the second bus bar group 2B. The worker bends the circuit body 3 along the line L2 to lift the cover piece 36, thereby exposing the bus bars 2 of the second bus bar group 2B. The worker also lifts the cover pieces 34 and 35 to expose the connecting bus bar 2C, and lifts the cover piece 37 to expose the connecting bus bar 2D. This enables the bus bars 2 of the second bus bar group 2B to be connected to the electrodes 121 of the second electrode group 121b. In this way, the circuit body 3 has the portion of the line L2 as a flexible portion that can be bent so as to move the second cover portion 31B away from the bus bar 2 and expose the bus bar 2.

[0038] The cover pieces 34, 35, 36, and 37 can be opened and closed independently. When the cover pieces 34 and 35 are lifted to expose the connecting bus bar 2C, the second cover portion 31B can cover the bus bars 2 except for the connecting bus bar 2C with the cover pieces 36 and 37. When the cover piece 36 is lifted, the second cover portion 31B can cover the connecting bus bars 2C and 2D with the cover pieces 34, 35, and 37. When the cover piece 37 is lifted to expose the connecting bus bar 2D, the second cover portion 31B can cover the bus bars 2 except for the connecting bus bar 2D with the cover pieces 34, 35, and 36.

[0039] The bending positions of the cover pieces 34, 35, 36, and 37 when they are in the open state may be different from one another. For example, the cover piece 35 may be bent along a line different from the line L2 so as to expose the thermistor 5A. The cover pieces 34, 35, and 37 may be bent along a line different from the line L2 so as to enable appropriate connection work to other busbar modules 1. In this case, it is preferable that the slits 31d, 31e, and 31f are formed up to the bending positions of the cover pieces 34, 35, and 37.

[0040] When the connection of the bus bar 2 to the electrode 121 is completed, the cover part 31 is fixed to the case 4. As shown in FIG. 7 , the engagement pieces 43 of the case 4 are inserted into the through holes 31t of the cover part 31. The claws 43a of the engagement pieces 43 engage with the cover part 31. The engaged cover part 31 covers the bus bar 2 and shields it from the external space. The cover part 31 prevents the worker's fingers or tools from coming into contact with the bus bar 2.

[0041] When installing the thermistor 5 on the battery cell 120, the worker lifts the cover pieces 33, 35, etc. to expose the thermistor 5. In this case, work on the thermistor 5 can be performed with the cover pieces 32, 36 covering the bus bar 2. Since there is no need to expose the bus bar 2 that is not related to the work, work efficiency is improved.

[0042] Furthermore, when connecting the busbar module 1 to another busbar module 1, the worker lifts the cover pieces 34, 35, 37 to expose the connecting busbars 2C, 2D. In this case, the worker can perform work on the connecting busbars 2C, 2D while the cover pieces 32, 36 are covering the busbars 2. This eliminates the need to expose the busbars 2 that are not related to the work, improving work efficiency.

[0043] As described above, the busbar module 1 of this embodiment includes a plurality of busbars 2 arranged along the first direction X, a case 4 that houses the plurality of busbars 2, and a circuit body 3 that is placed on the case 4. The circuit body 3 includes a main body 30 and an insulating cover portion 31. The main body 30 includes detection wires 7 connected to the busbars 2 and a plate-shaped covering portion 8 that covers the detection wires 7. The cover portion 31 extends from the main body 30 in the second direction Y that is perpendicular to the first direction X, and covers the plurality of busbars 2.

[0044] The circuit body 3 of this embodiment has a flexible portion. The flexible portion can be bent so as to move the cover portion 31 away from the bus bar 2 and expose the bus bar 2. The bus bar module 1 of this embodiment does not require a separate cover for covering the bus bar 2 because the cover portion 31 of the circuit body 3 covers the bus bar 2. Therefore, the bus bar module 1 of this embodiment can reduce the number of parts. The reduction in the number of parts achieves cost reduction and improved work efficiency. Furthermore, the bus bar module 1 of this embodiment can achieve a low profile by omitting a separate cover.

[0045] The cover portion 31 of this embodiment has a through hole 31t. The case 4 has an engagement piece 43 that is inserted into the through hole 31t to lock the cover portion 31. This configuration makes it possible to more reliably maintain the cover portion 31 in a closed state. For example, when an external force or vibration is applied to the busbar module 1, displacement or deformation of the cover portion 31 is suppressed.

[0046] In the circuit body 3 of this embodiment, the surface layer of the cover portion 31 and the coating portion 8 are integrally molded from flexible resin, thereby achieving a circuit body 3 having a cover portion 31 with a simple configuration.

[0047] In this embodiment, the second bus bar group 2B has connecting bus bars 2C and 2D arranged at ends in the first direction X. The connecting bus bars 2C and 2D have through holes 23 through which fastening members are inserted. The cover portion 31 has slits 31e and 31f that separate the cover pieces 34, 35, and 37 that cover the connecting bus bars 2C and 2D from the cover piece 36 that covers the bus bars 2 excluding the connecting bus bars 2C and 2D. Therefore, some of the multiple cover pieces can be selectively opened depending on the work process.

[0048] The circuit body 3 is not limited to a flexible printed circuit board. The circuit body 3 may be formed of another flexible circuit body. For example, the circuit body 3 may be formed of an FFC (Flexible Flat Cable). In the circuit body 3, the detection line 7 may be an electric wire or may be formed by printing.

[0049] [Modification of the embodiment] The circuit body 3 may have flexibility so that the cover portion 31 can be kept open during the operation. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the circuit body 3 may have copper foil 38 on the portions of the lines L1 and L2. The copper foil 38 can bend to keep the cover portion 31 open. Note that the copper foil 38 is independent of the detection line 7, for example.

[0050] A reinforcing plate may be added to the cover portion 31. For example, the edge portion where the through hole 31t is formed may have a reinforcing plate. In this case, the through hole 31t is formed by passing through the reinforcing plate. The reinforcing plate reinforces the engagement portion between the through hole 31t and the engagement piece 43. In addition, the reinforcing plate can suppress deformation such as bending and twisting of the cover portion 31.

[0051] In the circuit body 3, the main body 30 or the cover portion 31 may have a rigid structure. For example, the main body 30 may be flexible, and the cover portion 31 may have a rigid structure. In this case, the circuit body 3 is, for example, a composite substrate in which a flexible substrate and a rigid substrate are connected. As an example, the cover portion 31 may be formed by laminating a rigid substrate on a portion of a flexible printed circuit board that serves as a base.

[0052] The contents disclosed in the above-described embodiments and modifications can be implemented in appropriate combinations. [Explanation of symbols]

[0053] 1 Busbar module 2: bus bar, 2A: first bus bar group, 2B: second bus bar group 2C, 2D: Connecting bus bar 3 circuit body 4 cases 5, 5A, 5B, 5C thermistor 6 Connectors 7: detection wire, 71: voltage detection wire, 72: temperature detection wire 8 Covering part 20: Connection portion, 21: First terminal portion, 22: Second terminal portion, 23: Through hole 30: Main body, 30a: Trunk section, 30b, 30c: Branch section, 31: Cover portion, 31A: First cover portion, 31B: Second cover portion 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f: slits, 31t: through holes 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37: Cover pieces 40: Side wall, 41: Partition wall, 42: Support portion, 43: Engagement piece 44: Storage unit 100: Battery pack, 110: Battery module, 120: Battery cell 121: Electrode, 121a: First electrode group, 121b: Second electrode group X: first direction, Y: second direction, Z: third direction

Claims

1. a plurality of bus bars arranged along a first direction; a case that accommodates a plurality of the bus bars; a circuit body mounted on the case; Equipped with the circuit body includes a main body including detection wires connected to the bus bars and a plate-shaped covering portion covering the detection wires, and an insulating cover portion extending from the main body in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and covering the plurality of bus bars, The circuit body has a flexible portion, the flexible portion is bendable to move the cover portion away from the bus bar to expose the bus bar, the plurality of bus bars include a connecting bus bar arranged at an end in the first direction, the connecting bus bar has a through hole through which a fastening member is inserted, The cover portion has a slit that separates a portion that covers the connecting bus bar from a portion that covers the bus bars other than the connecting bus bar. A busbar module characterized by:

2. the cover portion has a through hole, The case has an engagement piece that is inserted into the through hole and engages the cover portion. The busbar module according to claim 1 .

3. The surface layer of the cover and the covering are integrally molded from flexible resin. The busbar module according to claim 1 or 2.

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