Intraluminal Device with Looped Core Wire

Abstract

To provide an intraluminal instrument that has improved and stable steerability and also exhibits a sufficiently flexible distal tip. [Solution] According to the present invention, intraluminal and intravascular devices and methods for manufacturing the same may be provided. In one implementation, the intraluminal device may include a sheath having a flexible distal bending segment and a core wire disposed within the sheath. The core wire may include a distal end portion that is looped back within the sheath, thereby positioning a distal tip of the core wire proximally from the loop. The intraluminal device may also include a motion restrictor within the sheath configured to restrict axial movement of the distal tip of the core wire. Restricting axial movement of the distal tip of the core wire may buckle the loop of the core wire, resulting in bending of the distal bending segment of the sheath when a force is applied to the core wire.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 668,248, filed October 30, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to intravascular and intraluminal medical devices and systems having at least one looped core wire configured to improve steering of the device. The present disclosure also relates to methods of manufacturing the intravascular and intraluminal medical devices and systems. [Background technology]

[0003] Intravascular and intraluminal medical devices, such as guidewires and microcatheters, must be advanced through the body until they reach the desired treatment site. To navigate tortuous anatomical structures, the devices may include steering mechanisms, such as pull wires, that can be configured to bend or deflect the distal tip of the device. The pull wire may be secured to a user-actuated segment, such as a handle, at the proximal end of the guidewire, which can be controlled by the user to steer the device. However, many devices have insufficient steering capabilities, requiring the user to apply a large amount of force to induce small bends in the device or producing unstable bends each time the pull wire is actuated. As a result, steering the device through anatomical structures is often difficult, especially when the anatomical structures are small and tortuous. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2019 / 116102(A2) Summary of the Invention

[0005] Thus, there remains a need for an intraluminal device that provides improved and stable steering, while also exhibiting a sufficiently flexible distal tip to avoid potential complications when the device is delivered to a treatment site.

[0006] An embodiment of the present disclosure may include an intraluminal device having a flexible elongated sheath. The sheath may include a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portion of the sheath terminating at a distal end of the sheath. The distal portion of the sheath may include a distal bending segment and a proximal support segment positioned proximally from the distal bending segment, the distal bending segment being configured to be more flexible than the proximal support segment. The intraluminal device may also include an elongated core wire. The elongated core wire extends between a proximal tip of the core wire and a distal tip of the core wire. The core wire may be positioned at least partially within the sheath. The core wire may include a distal end portion looped back within the sheath, such that at least a portion of the core wire is positioned proximally from the loop of the core wire. The intraluminal device may also include a motion restrictor positioned at least partially within the sheath. The motion restrictor can be configured to limit axial movement of the distal tip of the core wire in at least one axial direction. The motion restrictor can also be configured to permit the loop of the core wire to buckle, resulting in bending of the distal section of the sheath when an axial force is exerted on the core wire.

[0007] The motion restrictor may include a bond between the core wire and the inner wall of the sheath. The bond may be located distally from the distal tip of the core wire. The bond may be formed by at least one of an adhesive or a weld. The motion restrictor may be a constriction in the inner channel of the sheath. The motion restrictor may include an insert located within the inner channel of the sheath. The insert may include at least one of an obstruction or a ring connected to the wall of the inner channel of the sheath. At least a portion of the sheath may include a coil including one or more wires wound to form a plurality of windings. At least some of the windings of the coil may form the distal portion of the sheath. At least some of the windings forming the distal portion of the sheath may be configured with spaces between them. At least a portion of the proximal portion of the sheath may be formed from windings of the coil. At least some of the windings forming the proximal portion of the sheath may have substantially no spaces between them. The distal portion of the sheath may include a coil. At least a portion of the proximal portion of the sheath may be formed from a construction other than a coil. A portion of the core wire within the distal portion of the sheath may be configured such that repeated application of force to the core wire may result in repeatable, stable (consistent, fixed) bending of the core wire. A distal portion of the core wire may have a non-circular cross-section that may be configured to enable preferential bending of the core wire. The core wire loop may include a double turn such that following a turn of the core wire toward the proximal end of the sheath, the core wire may turn back toward the distal end of the sheath. The core wire loop may be configured to form a gap between the core wire loop and an inner wall of the sheath. The gap may be sized such that a portion of the core wire loop may be configured to deform within the gap when the core wire is subjected to an applied force. Deformation of the core wire within the gap may include buckling of the core wire within the gap. The loop of the core wire can be configured such that at least a portion of the loop does not move substantially distally relative to the distal portion of the sheath when the core wire is moved distally.The intraluminal device may further include a mechanical step extending from the distal end portion of the core wire. The distal end portion of the core wire may be configured to engage a first surface of the motion restrictor, and the mechanical step may be configured to engage a second surface of the motion restrictor, which may be angled relative to the first surface of the motion restrictor. The intraluminal device may further include a widened portion positioned proximal to the distal end portion. The widened portion of the core wire may be configured to engage the motion restrictor. The sheath and core wire may be biased into a straight configuration, and may be configured such that an axial pulling force on the core wire can cause bending of the distal bending segment of the sheath. The sheath may be configured to traverse the vasculature in the human brain. The motion restrictor may include a step formed within an internal channel of the sheath. An edge of the distal end portion of the core wire may be positioned against the step. The core wire can be positioned against a step at a location spaced distally from the distal tip of the core wire, the loop of the core wire can be separated into two segments at the bend, and the separated segments of the core wire can be joined together.

[0008] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate disclosed embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the disclosed embodiments. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1A] 1 illustrates an exemplary intraluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 1B] 1B is an enlarged view of various segments of the intraluminal device of FIG. 1A consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 1C] 1B is an enlarged view of various segments of the intraluminal device of FIG. 1A consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 1D] 1B is an enlarged view of various segments of the intraluminal device of FIG. 1A consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 1E]1B is an enlarged view of various segments of the intraluminal device of FIG. 1A consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 1F] 1B illustrates the intraluminal device of FIG. 1A in a curved configuration, consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 1 illustrates an exemplary core wire of an intraluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3A] 1B is an internal view of the intraluminal device of FIG. 1A consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3B] 3B is a cross-sectional view of the intraluminal device of FIG. 3A consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3C] 3B is a cross-sectional view of the intraluminal device of FIG. 3A consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3D] 3B is a cross-sectional view of the intraluminal device of FIG. 3A consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3E] 3B is an enlarged view of a distal portion of the intraluminal device of FIG. 3A consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3F] FIG. 3F illustrates the distal portion of the endoluminal device of FIG. 3E in a first curved configuration, consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3G] FIG. 3F illustrates the distal portion of the endoluminal device of FIG. 3E in a second curved configuration, consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary method of manufacturing an elongated coil for an intraluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] 1 illustrates another exemplary intraluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6A] 1A-1C illustrate the advancement of a microcatheter through an exemplary intraluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6B] 1A-1C illustrate the advancement of a microcatheter through an exemplary intraluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7A] 1 illustrates a distal portion of an exemplary endoluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7B]7B illustrates the intraluminal device of FIG. 7A in a curved configuration, consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] 10 illustrates a distal portion of another exemplary intraluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] 10A-10C illustrate a distal portion of a further exemplary intraluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] 1 illustrates another exemplary intraluminal device consistent with various embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Illustrative embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, the leftmost digit(s) of a reference number identify the figure in which the reference number first appears. For convenience, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. While examples and features of the disclosed principles are described herein, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. Additionally, the words "comprising," "having," "containing," and "including," and other similar forms, are intended to be identical in meaning and non-limiting in that they do not imply that the item or items following any one of these words is an exhaustive list of such item or items or are limited only to the listed item or items. It should also be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0011] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to medical devices and methods for manufacturing medical devices. More particularly, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to intraluminal devices configured to navigate hollow body organs, including but not limited to blood vessels, and to guide the delivery of diagnostic and / or therapeutic devices through the body. Additionally or alternatively, embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to methods for manufacturing intraluminal devices for navigating hollow body organs.

[0012] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, an endoluminal device may be provided that includes a core wire extending at least partially within the endoluminal device, the distal end of the core wire being bent or folded back to form a loop within the endoluminal device. The looped core wire may improve steering and torqueability of the endoluminal device while maintaining a soft and atraumatic tip.

[0013] 1A shows an exemplary intraluminal device 101 in a straightened configuration. The intraluminal device 101 may include a flexible, elongate sheath 102 including an elongate shaft 105 and a flexible, elongate coil 104 connected to the distal end of the elongate shaft 105. The elongate shaft 105 may be positioned proximally from the coil 104. Thus, the elongate shaft 105 may constitute the proximal section of the sheath 102, and the coil 104 may constitute the distal section of the sheath 102. The coil 104 may have a proximal end 108 and a distal end 110 and may be formed from multiple wires wound in a helical arrangement to form a hollow coil with at least one channel extending therethrough. Some or all of the wires of the coil 104 may extend to the coil distal end 110, which may form the distal tip of the sheath 102. That is, coil 104 may terminate at the distal end of elongate sheath 102. The wires of coil 104 may be made of nitinol. In some embodiments, one or more wires of coil 104 may have an outer diameter of approximately 75 μm. Alternatively, one or more wires of coil 104 may have an outer diameter greater than or less than 75 μm. In some embodiments, coil 104 may have an axial length of approximately 400-500 mm. For example, coil 104 may have an axial length of approximately 430-440 mm.

[0014] Elongate shaft 105 may be formed from a composition other than a coil. For example, elongate shaft 105 may be a hollow cylindrical hypotube constructed from an alloy or metal (e.g., nickel-titanium alloy (nitinol)), stainless steel, a polymer (e.g., polyether ether ketone (PEEK)), a synthetic material (nylon, polyether block amide (PEBA)), and / or another suitable material. In some embodiments, elongate shaft 105 may have an outer diameter of approximately 0.35 mm to 0.40 mm. For example, elongate shaft 105 may have an outer diameter of 0.35 mm, 0.36 mm, 0.37 mm, 0.38 mm, 0.39 mm, or 0.40 mm. In some embodiments, elongate shaft 105 may have an inner diameter of approximately 0.20 mm to 0.25 mm. In some embodiments, elongate shaft 105 may have an axial length of approximately 130 cm to 150 cm. For example, the elongate shaft 105 can have an axial length of about 140 cm, 141 cm, or 142 cm.

[0015] The intraluminal device 101 may also include a handle 109 connected to the proximal end of the elongate shaft 105 that may be actuated by a user to steer the distal end of the elongate sheath 102. In some embodiments, the handle 109 may include a user-actuated segment 122 at its proximal end that is configured to move relative to the elongate shaft 105. A core wire (not shown in FIG. 1A ) may be connected to the user-actuated segment 122 and the coil distal end 110. As shown in FIG. 1F , movement (e.g., axial movement) of the user-actuated segment 122 relative to the elongate shaft 105 may cause the core wire to exert a force on the coil distal end 110, straightening or bending the coil 104. In some embodiments, the user-actuated segment 122 may be cylindrical and have an outer diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the elongate shaft 105. The user-actuated segment 122 may be at least partially hollow and may be constructed from an alloy or metal (e.g., a nickel-titanium alloy), stainless steel, a polymer, and / or another suitable material. Although the handle 109 is depicted in FIG. 1A as including a user-actuated segment 122, one skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary handle may include any suitable mechanism for controlling the bending and straightening of the elongate sheath 102, such as a wheel, slider, lever, joystick, touchpad, rotatable cuff, or any other structure configured to control the bending and straightening of the sheath.

[0016] In some embodiments, handle 109 may also include an internal member 124 positioned at least partially within user-actuated segment 122 and at least partially within elongate shaft 105. Internal member 124 may connect to user-actuated segment 122 or elongate shaft 105 to guide and support movement of user-actuated segment 122 relative to elongate shaft 105. In some embodiments, internal member 124 may be configured as a locking internal member disclosed in WO 2019 / 116102(A2), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0017] In some embodiments, the exemplary coil 104 may be formed from multiple wires and may include two or more segments configured for different degrees of flexibility. For example, as shown in FIG. 1A , the coil 104 may include a proximal segment 112, a first transition segment 114, a second transition segment 116, and a distal segment 118. In some embodiments, the proximal coil segment 112 may include the coil proximal end 108 and may be configured to be stiffer than the other segments of the coil 104. This allows the proximal coil segment 112 to be configured to transmit torque to the remainder of the coil 104. The proximal coil segment 112 may be formed from a first number of wires, and the first number of wires required to form the proximal coil segment 112 may be based on certain constraints. For example, the certain constraints may include the outer diameter of the coil, the inner diameter of the coil, or an optimal coil angle for torque transmission. In some embodiments, the proximal coil segment 112 may be formed from approximately 6 to 16 wires helically wound to form the coil. For example, the proximal coil segment 112 may be formed from ten wires that are helically wound and extend along the entire axial length of the proximal coil segment 112. In some embodiments, the proximal coil segment 112 may have an axial length of approximately 400 mm to 425 mm. For example, the proximal coil segment 112 may have an axial length of approximately 410 mm.

[0018] FIG. 1B shows an enlarged view of the proximal coil segment 112. As shown, the wire of the proximal coil segment 112 may be wound at a first coil angle α relative to the bottom plane of the coil 104, and thus relative to the longitudinal axis of the coil 104. In some embodiments, the first coil angle α may be between 55° and 65°. In some embodiments, the number of wires used to form the proximal coil segment 112 may be selected based, at least in part, on the diameter of the wire and the diameter of the mandrel on which the proximal coil segment 112 is formed to achieve the desired first coil angle α. For example, ten wires having an outer diameter of 75 μm may be braided onto a mandrel having an outer diameter of approximately 0.36 mm to form the proximal coil segment 112 with a desired first coil angle α of approximately 57°. As another example, nine wires having an outer diameter of 85 μm can be braided onto a mandrel having an outer diameter of approximately 0.36 mm to form a proximal coil segment 112 having a desired first coil angle α of approximately 56°.

[0019] Referring again to FIG. 1A , the coil 104 may further include at least two transition segments 114, 116 adjacent the proximal coil segment 112. The transition segments 114 and 116 may be configured to provide a gradual increase in flexibility between the proximal coil segment 112 and the distal coil segment 118. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A , the coil 104 may include two transition segments 114 and 116. In some alternative embodiments, the coil 104 may include three transition segments, four transition segments, five transition segments, six transition segments, or any other suitable number of transition segments. The number of transition segments may vary depending on various parameters, including the stiffness of the proximal coil segment 112, the flexibility of the distal coil segment 118, the axial length of the coil 104, or the number of wires used to form the coil 104.

[0020] The first transition segment 114 may be immediately adjacent to the proximal coil segment 112 and may be formed from fewer wires than the proximal coil segment 112, thereby making the first transition segment 114 more flexible than the proximal coil segment 112. In some embodiments, the first transition segment 114 may be formed from four to nine wires. For example, the first transition segment 114 may be formed from six wires that are helically wound and extend along the entire axial length of the first transition segment 114. In some embodiments, the first transition segment 114 may have an axial length of approximately 3.0 mm to 8.0 mm. For example, the first transition segment 114 may have an axial length of approximately 5.0 mm.

[0021] FIG. 1C shows an enlarged view of the first transition segment 114. As shown, the wire of the first transition segment 114 can be wound at a second coil angle β relative to the bottom plane of the coil 104, and thus relative to the longitudinal axis of the coil 104. In some embodiments, the second coil angle β can be between 55° and 65° and can be greater than the first coil angle α. In some embodiments, the number of wires used to form the first transition segment 114 can be selected based, at least in part, on the diameter of the wires and the diameter of the mandrel on which the first transition segment 114 is formed to achieve the desired second coil angle β. For example, six wires having an outer diameter of 75 μm can be braided on a mandrel having an outer diameter of approximately 210 μm to form the first transition segment 114 with a desired second coil angle β of approximately 60°.

[0022] Referring again to FIG. 1A , the second transition segment 116 may be immediately adjacent to the first transition segment 114 and may be formed from fewer wires than the first transition segment 114, thereby configuring the second transition segment 116 to be more flexible than the first transition segment 114. In some embodiments, the second transition segment 116 may be formed from three to eight wires. For example, the second transition segment 116 may be formed from four wires that are helically wound and extend along the entire axial length of the second transition segment 116. In some embodiments, the second transition segment 116 may have an axial length of approximately 3.0 mm to 8.0 mm. For example, the second transition segment 116 may have an axial length of approximately 5.0 mm. In some embodiments, the first transition segment 114 and the second transition segment 116 may have the same axial length.

[0023] FIG. 1D shows an enlarged view of the second transition segment 116. As shown, the wire of the second transition segment 116 can be wound at a third coil angle γ relative to the bottom plane of the coil 104, and thus relative to the longitudinal axis of the coil 104. In some embodiments, the third coil angle γ can be between 65° and 75° and can be greater than the second coil angle β. In some embodiments, the number of wires used to form the second transition segment 116 can be selected based, at least in part, on the diameter of the wires and the diameter of the mandrel on which the second transition segment 116 is formed to achieve the desired third coil angle γ. For example, four wires having an outer diameter of 75 μm can be braided on a mandrel having an outer diameter of approximately 210 μm to form the second transition segment 116 with a desired third pitch angle γ of approximately 70°.

[0024] 1A , the distal coil segment 118 may be immediately adjacent to the second transition segment 116 and may include the coil distal end 110. The distal coil segment 118 may be configured to be highly flexible, such that the distal coil segment 118 is atraumatic when advancing the endoluminal device 101 through the body. In some embodiments, the distal coil segment 118 may be more flexible than other segments of the coil 104, including the second transition segment 116. The distal coil segment 118 may be formed from approximately one to four wires. For example, the distal coil segment 118 may be formed from one wire or two wires that are helically wound into a coil. Advantageously, forming the distal coil segment 118 from one to four wires (e.g., two wires) can provide a soft and atraumatic distal coil segment 118 while still maintaining the ability of the distal coil segment 118 to transmit torque applied to the proximal end of the endoluminal device 101. In some embodiments, the distal coil segment 118 can have an axial length of approximately 15 mm to 25 mm. For example, the distal coil segment 118 can have an axial length of approximately 20 mm. By reducing the number of wires among the various segments of the coil 104, the flexibility of the coil 104 can gradually increase longitudinally from the coil proximal end 108 to the coil distal end 110. Advantageously, reducing the number of wires in the coil 104 can achieve stiffness at the proximal coil segment 112 relative to the distal coil segment 118, and flexibility at the distal coil segment 118 relative to the proximal coil segment 112. Additionally, the stiffness may gradually decrease longitudinally from the proximal coil segment 112 to the distal coil segment 118 .

[0025] FIG. 1E shows an enlarged view of distal coil segment 118. As shown, the wire of distal coil segment 118 can be wound at a fourth coil angle θ relative to the bottom plane of coil 104, and thus relative to the longitudinal axis of coil 104. In some embodiments, fourth coil angle θ can be between 77° and 83° and can be greater than third coil angle γ. In some embodiments, the number of wires used to form distal coil segment 118 can be selected based, at least in part, on the diameter of the wires and the diameter of the mandrel on which distal coil segment 118 is formed to achieve the desired fourth coil angle θ. For example, two wires having an outer diameter of 75 μm can be braided onto a mandrel having an outer diameter of approximately 210 μm to form distal coil segment 118 with a desired fourth pitch angle θ of approximately 80°.

[0026] In addition to reducing the number of wires along the coil 104, the coil angle at which the wires are wound may vary from the proximal coil segment 112 to the distal coil segment 118. The variation in coil angle may allow for maximum torque transmission from the proximal coil segment 112 to the remainder of the coil 104 while maintaining a desired flexibility of the distal coil segment 118 and the structural strength of the entire endoluminal device 101. In some embodiments, the coil angle at which the wires are wound to form the coil 104 may gradually increase from the proximal coil segment 112 to the distal coil segment 118. For example, the second coil angle β may be greater than the first coil angle α. Additionally or alternatively, the third coil angle γ may be greater than the second coil angle β. Additionally or alternatively, the fourth coil angle θ may be greater than the third coil angle γ. Advantageously, increasing the coil angle may increase the flexibility of the corresponding section of the coil 104. The distal coil segment 118 may have the greatest coil angle and therefore may be the most flexible segment of the coil 104. In some embodiments, the distal coil segment 118 may constitute the distal bending segment of the coil 104. Similarly, the proximal coil segment 112 may have the smallest coil angle and therefore may be the stiffest segment of the coil 104. In some embodiments, the proximal coil segment 112 may constitute the proximal support segment of the coil 104.

[0027] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, the coil 104 may have a constant diameter along its entire axial length. For example, the proximal coil segment 112, the first transition segment 114, the second transition segment 116, and the distal coil segment 118 may have a constant outer diameter of approximately 0.35 mm to 0.40 mm, e.g., 0.35 mm, 0.36 mm, 0.37 mm, 0.38 mm, 0.39 mm, or 0.40 mm. In some alternative embodiments, the diameter of the coil 104 may gradually decrease from the proximal coil segment 112 to the distal coil segment 118. For example, the proximal coil segment 112 may have an outer diameter of approximately 0.35 mm to 0.40 mm, and the distal coil segment 118 may have an outer diameter of approximately 0.32 mm to 0.38 mm. Advantageously, the reduced diameter of the distal coil segment 118 may allow the distal segment to have a desired flexibility greater than that of the proximal coil segment 112 .

[0028] FIG. 1F illustrates an exemplary configuration of the intraluminal device 101 in which at least a portion of the coil 104 is bent into a curved configuration. In some embodiments, some or all of the distal coil segment 118 can be configured to bend into a curved configuration. As shown in FIG. 1F, axial movement of the user-actuated segment 122 relative to the elongate shaft 105 can cause radial bending of the coil 104 (including at least a portion of the distal coil segment 118) from a straight configuration (e.g., the configuration shown in FIG. 1A) to a curved or angled configuration, or from a curved or angled configuration to a straight configuration or a different curved or angled configuration. In some embodiments, the bending segment of the coil 104 can be configured to bend in a single direction from the straight configuration (e.g., to the left from the straight configuration, but not to the right) upon actuation of the handle 109. In other embodiments, the bending segment of the coil 104 may be configured to bend in two opposite directions from a straight configuration (e.g., both to the left and right from the straight configuration) upon actuation of the handle 109.

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary elongate core wire 230 of an intraluminal device. Core wire 230 can extend between a proximal tip 231 and a distal tip 239. In some embodiments, core wire 230 can be positioned at least partially within sheath 102 of intraluminal device 101 to control bending and unbending of coil 104. Control wire 230 can be constructed from an alloy or metal (e.g., nickel-titanium alloy, i.e., nitinol), stainless steel, a polymer, and / or another suitable material and can have a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating. In some embodiments, core wire 230 can include portions having different cross-sectional shapes and / or dimensions. For example, core wire 230 can include portions 232 and 234 having a circular cross-section and portions 233 and 235 where the cross-sectional area of ​​the core wire is reduced relative to portions 232 and 234. As shown in FIG. 2 , core wire portion 234 can be positioned distal to core wire portion 232. In some embodiments, core wire portions 232 and 234 can be circular in cross section and have an outer diameter of about 0.12 mm to 0.18 mm. For example, one or both of core wire portions 232 and 234 can have an outer diameter of about 0.15 mm. In some embodiments, core wire portion 232 can have an axial length of about 140 cm to 155 cm. Additionally or alternatively, core wire portion 234 can have an axial length of about 350 mm to 405 mm.

[0030] In some embodiments, core wire portions 233 and 235 may have a non-circular cross-section (e.g., elliptical, oval, rectangular, etc.) and may have a smaller cross-sectional area than core wire portions 232 and 234. For example, in some embodiments, core wire portions 233 and 235 may be formed by selectively flattening or deforming portions of core wire 230. In some alternative embodiments, non-circular portions 233 and 235 may be formed by bonding additional material to portions of core wire 230 to form a non-circular shape. As shown in FIG. 2 , core wire portion 235 may be positioned distal to core wire portion 233. Although core wire 230 is depicted in FIG. 2 as including two non-circular portions 233 and 235, one skilled in the art will understand that an exemplary core wire may include any suitable number of non-circular portions, such as zero portions, one portion, three portions, four portions, or five portions. In some embodiments, core wire portion 233 can have an axial length of about 30 mm to 45 mm (e.g., about 40 mm axial length). Additionally or alternatively, core wire portion 235 can have an axial length of about 20 mm to 30 mm (e.g., about 26 mm axial length). In some embodiments, core wire portion 235 can have a shorter axial length than core wire portion 233, providing about 400 mm of core wire 230 between the distal end of core wire portion 235 and the distal end of core wire portion 233.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 2 , core wire 230 may further include distal end portion 250. Distal end portion 250 may be adjacent to core wire portion 235 and may extend to and include core wire distal tip 239. Core wire distal end portion 250 may have an axial length of about 30 mm to 50 mm (e.g., an axial length of about 40 mm). In some embodiments, the first dimension (hereinafter referred to as height) of core wire 230 may be smaller at core wire distal end portion 250 than at any other portion of the core wire. In some embodiments, core wire distal end portion 250 may have a smaller cross-sectional area than the remainder of the core wire.

[0032] Although core wire distal end portion 250 is depicted in FIG. 2 as including bend 237, core wire 230 (including core wire distal end portion 250) may be biased into a straightened configuration. In some embodiments, core wire distal end portion 250 may be flexible such that core wire distal end portion 250 is bent or folded to form core wire bend 237. At core wire bend 237, core wire 230 may change direction from a distal axial direction (e.g., to the right in FIG. 2 ) to a proximal axial direction (e.g., to the left in FIG. 2 ). Core wire distal end portion 250 may include a first loop portion 236 extending between core wire portion 235 and bend 237 and a second loop portion 238 extending between bend 237 and distal tip 239. 2, core wire bend 237 can be formed such that first loop portion 236 and second loop portion 238 have approximately equal axial lengths. For example, first loop portion 236 and second loop portion 238 can both have an axial length of about 20 mm.

[0033] FIG. 3A shows an internal view of the intraluminal device 101 in a straightened configuration. The elongate sheath 102 (i.e., the elongate shaft 105 and the coil 104) can have an internal channel 102a extending from the proximal end of the elongate shaft 105 to the coil distal end 110. The internal channel 102a can be formed by the internal lumens of the elongate shaft 105 and the coil 104. As shown in FIG. 3A, a core wire 230 can be positioned within the intraluminal device 101 in the bent configuration shown in FIG. 2. The proximal end of the core wire 230 can be anchored to a portion of the handle 109 (e.g., the user-actuated segment 122). The core wire 230 can extend through the internal channel 102a of the elongate sheath 102 to or near the coil distal end 110. As a result, the core wire distal end portion 250 can be positioned at least partially within the distal coil segment 118. In some embodiments, the core wire 230 can be positioned within the endoluminal device 101 such that the core wire bend 237 is positioned at or near the coil distal end 110. Thus, the core wire bend 237 can constitute the distal-most portion of the core wire 230. A second loop portion 238 can extend proximally from the core wire bend 237, thereby positioning the core wire distal tip 239 proximally from the bend 237 and the coil distal end 110. In some embodiments, the core wire bend 237 can be encased in a dome cap 311. The dome cap 311 can be constructed of epoxy and can be radiused to prevent atraumatic tissue formation. The dome cap 311 can be formed by partially filling the sheath's inner channel 102a near the coil distal end 110 with epoxy, so that the epoxy covers the core wire bend 237 and contacts the walls of the inner channel 102a. Thus, the dome cap 311 may couple the core wire bend 237 to the coil distal end 110 .

[0034] In the embodiment of FIG. 3A , the elongate shaft 105 and the coil 104 can have substantially equal outer diameters, which remain substantially constant between the proximal and distal ends of the elongate sheath 102. For example, the elongate sheath 102 can have a constant outer diameter of approximately 0.30 mm to 0.40 mm (e.g., an outer diameter of approximately 0.36 mm). In some alternative embodiments, certain portions of the elongate sheath 102 can have smaller outer diameters than other portions of the elongate sheath 102. For example, the outer diameter of the coil 104 can gradually decrease from the proximal coil segment 112 to the distal coil segment 118, with the proximal coil segment 112 having a larger outer diameter than the first transition segment 114, which in turn has a larger outer diameter than the second transition segment 116, which in turn has a larger outer diameter than the distal coil segment 118. Advantageously, the reduced outer diameter can provide greater flexibility in the distal coil segment 118, while the proximal coil segment 112 remains stiffer than the other segments of the coil.

[0035] FIG. 3B shows a cross-sectional view of the intraluminal device 101 at the coil proximal end 108 near where the elongate shaft 105 connects to the proximal coil segment 112. A portion of the core wire portion 233 may extend through the coil proximal end 108. As shown in FIG. 3B, the core wire portion 233 may have a non-circular cross-section, and the height of the core wire portion 233 is less than a second dimension of the core wire portion 233 perpendicular to the height (hereinafter referred to as the width). In some embodiments, the core wire portion 233 may have a height of about 0.10 mm to 0.15 mm. For example, the core wire portion 233 may have a height of about 0.12 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the core wire portion 233 may have a width of about 0.15 mm.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 3B , the proximal coil segment 112 can include 6 to 16 wires (e.g., 10 wires) wound into a helical coil, with an internal channel 102a formed in the center of the coil. A core wire portion 233 can extend through a portion of the proximal coil segment 112 depicted in FIG. 3B . Optionally, an anti-rotation mechanism can be provided at or near the coil proximal end 108 to prevent axial rotation between the core wire 230 and the sheath 102 without preventing relative axial movement between the core wire 230 and the sheath 102. In the embodiment of FIG. 3B , an internal connector 342 can be provided at the coil proximal end 108, extending along the internal channel 102a between the elongate shaft 105 and the coil 104. An adhesive or bonding material 343 (e.g., PEEK) may be provided in the space between the inner connector 342 and the elongate shaft 105 and / or the space between the inner connector 342 and the proximal coil segment 112. Thus, the inner connector 342 may secure the elongate shaft 105 and the coil 104 together.

[0037] The inner connector 342 can be a hollow tube constructed from an alloy or metal (e.g., nickel-titanium alloy, i.e., Nitinol), stainless steel, a polymer, and / or another suitable material. In some embodiments, the inner connector 342 can have an axial length of approximately 3.0 mm to 30 mm. For example, the inner connector 342 can have an axial length of approximately 4.0 mm to 16 mm. In some embodiments, the inner connector 342 can have an outer diameter of approximately 0.20 mm and an inner diameter of approximately 0.16 mm. In some embodiments, the inner connector 342 can have an elliptical or oval cross-section (as shown in FIG. 3B ) through which the core wire portion 233 extends. Both the inner connector 342 and the core wire portion 233 can include non-circular cross-sections in which their respective heights are less than their respective widths. Additionally, the inner diameter of the inner connector 342 can be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the core wire portion 233, thereby providing a space 348 between the inner connector 342 and the core wire portion 233. As a result, the inner connector 342 and core wire portion 233 may resist axial rotation of the core wire 230 relative to the sheath 102 while allowing axial movement of the core wire 230 relative to the sheath 102. Additionally or alternatively, a different anti-rotation mechanism may be provided at or near the coil proximal end 108 to prevent axial rotation between the core wire 230 and the sheath 102. Advantageously, adding one or more anti-rotation mechanisms within the inner channel 102a can prevent the core wire 230 from kinking within the elongate sheath 102 while maintaining a 1:1 ratio of force transmission from the core wire 230 to the coil distal end 110.

[0038] FIG. 3C shows a cross-sectional view of the intraluminal device 101 along the first transition segment 114 of the coil. The first transition segment 114 of the coil may include four to nine wires (e.g., six wires) wound into a helical coil, with an internal channel 102a formed in the center of the coil. A core wire portion 235 may extend through a portion of the first transition segment 114 depicted in FIG. 3C. As shown in FIG. 3C, the core wire portion 235 may have a non-circular cross-section, and the height of the core wire portion 235 is less than the width of the core wire portion 235. In some embodiments, the core wire portion 235 may have a height of approximately 0.10 mm to 0.15 mm. For example, the core wire portion 235 may have a height of approximately 0.12 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the core wire portion 235 may have a width of approximately 0.15 mm.

[0039] In some embodiments, an anti-rotation feature may be provided within first transition segment 114 to prevent axial rotation of core wire 230 relative to coil 104 without preventing relative axial motion between core wire 230 and coil 104. For example, a motion restrictor 344 may be provided at least partially within first transition segment 114 as an anti-rotation feature. Motion restrictor 344 may include a polymer (e.g., PEEK), an adhesive, a weld, and / or any other suitable material. The motion restrictor 344 material may be inserted into coil 104 to form a non-circular cross-section of the inner lumen of first transition segment 114. In some embodiments, the motion restrictor 344 material may be positioned at two locations along the wall of inner channel 102a, the two locations being positioned approximately 180° apart. As shown in FIG. 3C , motion restrictor 344 may be adjacent to the long edges of the cross section of core wire portion 235 (i.e., the top and bottom edges of core wire portion 235 in FIG. 3C ). In some alternative embodiments, the motion restrictor 344 material may be positioned more or less along the wall of interior channel 102a. Positioning motion restrictor 344 within interior channel 102a may prevent non-circular core wire portion 235 from rotating within first transition segment 114, while allowing relative axial movement between core wire portion 235 and first transition segment 114 to remain unimpeded. In some alternative embodiments, coil first transition segment 114 may be provided without an anti-rotation feature. In such embodiments, core wire 230 may have a circular cross-sectional shape within first transition segment 114, similar to core wire portions 232 and 234.

[0040] FIG. 3D shows a cross-sectional view of the intraluminal device 101 along the distal coil segment 118. As shown, the distal coil segment 118 may include one to four wires (e.g., two wires) wound into a helical coil, with an internal channel 102a formed in the center of the coil. The cross-sectional view of FIG. 3D may depict a segment of the coil 104 in which the core wire distal end portion 250 may be positioned. Thus, both the first loop portion 236 and the second loop portion 238 of the core wire may extend through a portion of the distal coil segment 118 depicted in FIG. 3D. In some embodiments, the core wire distal end portion 250 (including the first loop portion 236 and the second loop portion 238) may have a height of approximately 0.030 mm to 0.040 mm. For example, the core wire distal end portion 250 may have a height of approximately 0.036 mm. Additionally or alternatively, core wire distal end portion 250 may have a width of about 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm. For example, core wire distal end portion 250 may have a width of about 0.11 mm.

[0041] In some embodiments, a motion restrictor 346 may be provided within distal coil segment 118 to prevent axial rotation of core wire 230 relative to coil 104 without preventing relative axial motion between core wire 230 and coil 104. For example, a motion restrictor 346 having a configuration similar to motion restrictor 344 of FIG. 3C may be provided at least partially within distal coil segment 118 as an anti-rotation feature. Motion restrictor 346 may include a polymer (e.g., PEEK), an adhesive, a weld, and / or any other suitable material. The material of motion restrictor 346 may be inserted into coil 104 and positioned at least partially within inner channel 102a. Thus, motion restrictor 346 may form a constriction of inner channel 102a. 3D , the first loop portion 236 of the core wire may be positioned in the center of the inner channel 102a, such that the first loop portion 236 is not in contact with the distal coil segment 118 or the motion restrictor 346. The second loop portion 238 may be positioned closer to the distal coil segment 118, such that at least one surface of the second loop portion 238 is positioned against and in contact with the motion restrictor 346. In some embodiments, the motion restrictor 346 may protrude into the inner channel 102a to form a step, such that at least one surface of the second loop portion 238 is positioned against the step. The motion restrictor 346 may couple the second loop portion 238 of the core wire to the wall of the inner channel 102a, thus preventing relative axial and rotational movement between the sheath 102, the second loop portion 238, and the distal tip 239. Thus, motion restrictor 346 may be configured both as an anti-rotation feature for core wire 230 and as a junction between second loop portion 238 and distal coil segment 118. Core wire second loop portion 238 may extend proximally beyond motion restrictor 346, such that the junction between the core wire and the inner wall of the sheath may be located distally from distal tip 239 of the core wire.

[0042] In some alternative embodiments, motion restrictor 346 may include an insert positioned within sheath's interior channel 102a. For example, motion restrictor 346 may have a configuration similar to interior connector 342 or another ring-shaped insert and may be connected to the wall of interior channel 102a. Additionally or alternatively, motion restrictor 346 insert may be configured as a partial obstruction within sheath 102 connected to the wall of interior channel 102a.

[0043] 3E shows an enlarged view of a distal portion of endoluminal device 101 in a straightened configuration. In some embodiments, sheath 102 can be biased into the straightened configuration of FIG. 3E and at least a portion of coil 104 (e.g., distal coil segment 118) can be configured to bend when an axial pulling force is exerted on core wire 230. Core wire 230 can be coupled to sheath 102 by dome cap 311 and by motion restrictor 346. Except for these two connection points, core wire 230 can be configured to move relative to sheath 102. As shown in FIG. 3E, a second loop portion 238 of core wire can be provided between first loop portion 236 and distal coil segment 118. However, when the intraluminal device 101 is in the straight configuration depicted in FIG. 3E , the second loop portion 238 is spaced from the distal coil segment 118, which may provide a gap between the second loop portion 238 and the wall of the interior channel 102a. Both the motion restrictor 346 and the dome cap 311 extend between the coil 104 and the core wire 230, thereby coupling the coil and core wire together. In some embodiments, the core wire bend 237 may be positioned evenly with the coil's distal end 110. Alternatively, the core wire bend 237 may be positioned proximally from the coil's distal end 110.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 3E , second loop portion 238 may extend distally beyond motion restrictor 346. As a result, core wire distal tip 239 may be positioned proximally from motion restrictor 346. Optionally, a mechanical step 390 may be provided in the portion of second loop portion 238 that extends proximally beyond motion restrictor 346. Step 390 may include material added to the surface of second loop portion 238 facing coil 104 (e.g., upward in FIG. 3E ) so that the core wire may contact a side of motion restrictor 346 (e.g., the left vertical surface of motion restrictor 346 in FIG. 3E ) and a more distal section of second loop portion 238 may contact an axially facing surface of motion restrictor 346 (e.g., the underside of motion restrictor 346 in FIG. 3E ). Thus, the portion of second loop portion 238 that includes mechanical step 390 may have a larger cross-sectional area than the portion of second loop portion 238 without the mechanical step. Advantageously, as core wire 230 is pulled axially, step 390 presses against the adjacent surface of motion restrictor 346, thereby providing additional resistance to movement of the core wire relative to motion restrictor 346. Step 390 may therefore increase the bonding force between core wire 230 and motion restrictor 346. In some alternative embodiments, distal tip 239 may be positioned in contact with motion restrictor 346.

[0045] In some embodiments, transition 235t between core wire portion 235 and core wire distal end portion 250 may be positioned between the proximal and distal ends of motion restrictor 346 while intraluminal device 101 is in the straight configuration depicted in FIG. 3E. Additionally, gap 355 may be formed between the wall of inner channel 102a and first loop portion 236 and second loop portion 238. That is, except for the connection between core wire 230 and coil 104 formed by motion restrictor 346 and dome cap 311, the remainder of core wire distal end portion 250 may be spaced from the wall of inner channel 102a when the intraluminal device is in the straight configuration, thus forming gap 355.

[0046] 3F illustrates the distal portion of the endoluminal device 101 in a first curved configuration. The curved configuration of FIG. 3F may be brought about by application of a proximal force to the core wire 230 (which may be caused, for example, by proximal movement of the user-actuated segment 122 relative to the sheath 102). The core wire distal end portion 250 may have a low moment of inertia compared to the remainder of the core wire due to its relatively small cross-sectional area. As a result, application of an axial force to the core wire 230 may cause the first and second loop portions 236, 238 of the core wire to buckle from their respective straightened configurations to the curved configuration without buckling the remainder of the core wire 230. Due to the bond between core wire distal end portion 250 and coil 104 formed by dome cap 311 and by motion restrictor 346, buckling of first loop portion 236 and second loop portion 238 can cause the distal portion of coil 104 to bend radially from the straight configuration of FIG. 3E to the curved configuration of FIG. 3F. In some embodiments, motion restrictor 346 can be configured as a hinge for core wire distal end portion 250 by allowing rotation of second loop portion 238 but preventing axial movement of second loop portion 238. As a result, first loop portion 236 and second loop portion 238 can buckle at a lower applied axial force compared to a configuration in which the end of second loop portion 238 is fixed against rotation. Advantageously, the hinge of the motion restrictor 346 can improve the steering ability of the distal coil end 110 by reducing the amount of force required to cause bending of the distal end of the endoluminal device 101.

[0047] In some embodiments, application of an axial force to core wire 230 can bend the entire length of coil 104 distal from motion restrictor 346. As a result, application of an axial force to core wire 230 can be configured to bend some or all of distal coil segment 118. Dome cap 311 can secure core wire bend 237 against movement relative to coil distal end 110. Similarly, motion restrictor 346 can secure a portion of second loop portion 238 in contact with motion restrictor 346 against movement relative to the portion of coil 104 in contact with motion restrictor 346. However, the sections of first loop portion 236 and second loop portion 238 between dome cap 311 and motion restrictor 346 are free to move within coil 104 and may buckle or otherwise deform into gap 355 within the coil when force is applied to core wire 230. Further, as shown in FIG. 3F , proximal movement of core wire 230 can pull core wire transition section 235t proximally relative to sheath 102. In some embodiments, core wire distal end portion 250 can be configured such that applying repeated forces to core wire 230 (e.g., pulling core wire 230 proximally) can result in a stable, directional bend of core wire 230. This can be due to the bond between core wire 230 and sheath 102 formed by dome cap 311 and motion restrictor 346, as well as the non-circular cross-sectional shape of core wire distal end portion 250. Specifically, the aforementioned shape and placement of core wire distal end portion 250 within coil 104 can cause core wire distal end portion 250 to preferentially buckle to the configurations depicted in FIGS. 3F and 3G when proximal and distal forces are applied to core wire 230, respectively.

[0048] FIG. 3G illustrates the distal portion of the intraluminal device 101 in a second curved configuration in which the coil 104 is radially bent in an opposite direction to the configuration of FIG. 3F. The curved configuration of FIG. 3G can be achieved by applying a distal force to the core wire 230 (e.g., by distal movement of the user-actuated segment 122 relative to the sheath 102). Applying a distal force to the core wire 230 can cause the first loop portion 236 and the second loop portion 238 to buckle in a direction opposite to the buckling direction of FIG. 3F. The buckling of the first loop portion 236 and the second loop portion 238 can cause the distal portion of the coil 104 to bend radially in a second bending direction opposite to the bending direction of FIG. 3F (i.e., upward in FIG. 3G compared to downward in FIG. 3F). As shown in FIG. 3G, the distal movement of the core wire 230 can push the core wire transition portion 235t distally relative to the sheath 102.

[0049] Advantageously, looped core wire 230 can reduce the amount of force required to effect bending of the distal end of endoluminal device 101. Specifically, the lower moment of inertia of core wire distal end portion 250, combined with the hinge of motion restrictor 346 and the arrangement of core wire portions 236 and 238 within coil distal segment 118, can enable core wire distal end portion 250 to buckle (thus enabling bending of endoluminal device 101) under the application of less than half the force required to bend endoluminal devices known in the art that do not incorporate looped core wires. As a result, looped core wire 230 can provide more precise steering of the distal end of endoluminal device 101 because less force is required to bend the distal end of endoluminal device 101 into a desired curved configuration. Additionally, due to the coil arrangement within distal coil segment 118 and the configuration of dome cap 311 as a rounded, atraumatic edge on endoluminal device 101, endoluminal device 101 may have a soft, atraumatic tip. Thus, the enhanced steering provided by looped core wire 230 allows endoluminal device 101 to be easily manipulated through small, tortuous lumens in the body (e.g., intracranial vessels) without traumatizing surrounding anatomical structures.

[0050] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary method 400 for manufacturing an elongated coil of an endoluminal device. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the manufacturing method 400 disclosed herein is merely exemplary and that other methods may be used to manufacture the elongated coil of an endoluminal device disclosed herein. Furthermore, the exemplary method 400 may be used to manufacture any suitable coil of an endoluminal device, including, but not limited to, the coil 104 of the endoluminal device 101. While the exemplary method 400 disclosed herein describes the manufacture of an elongated coil having a proximal coil segment, a distal coil segment, and two transition segments between the proximal and distal coil segments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that elongated coils having any suitable number of transition segments may be manufactured according to the method 400, with at least one parameter of the coil varying between each coil segment (e.g., the number of wires, the wire material(s), the wire gauge, the coil diameter, the spacing between individual wires, and / or the spacing between groups of wires). For example, an exemplary coil manufactured according to method 400 may include one transition segment, three transition segments, four transition segments, five transition segments, six transition segments, seven transition segments, eight transition segments, or any other suitable number of transition segments between the proximal and distal segments of the coil.

[0051] In step 402 of method 400, a proximal coil segment may be formed by helically winding between 6 and 16 wires (e.g., 10 wires) starting from the proximal end of the coil toward the distal end of the coil. The 10 wires may be wound continuously to form the proximal coil segment as a single, integral structure. In some embodiments, the wires may be wound onto a mandrel having a shape, dimension, and configuration selected to produce a desired shape and size of the coil. In step 404 of method 400, a predetermined number (e.g., four) of the wires of the proximal coil segment may be cut or otherwise removed when forming the distal end of the proximal coil segment. In step 406 of method 400, a first transition segment of the coil may be formed by continuously winding the remaining wires toward the distal end of the coil. The first transition segment may include between 4 and 9 wires (e.g., six wires). In some embodiments, six wires may be wound around a corresponding section of the mandrel. In step 408 of method 400, a predetermined number (e.g., two) of the wires of the first transition segment may be cut or otherwise removed when forming the distal end of the first transition segment. In step 410 of method 400, a second transition segment of the coil may be formed by continuously winding the remaining wires toward the distal end of the coil. The second transition segment may include three to eight wires (e.g., four wires). In some embodiments, four wires may be wound around a corresponding section of the mandrel. In step 412 of method 400, a predetermined number (e.g., two) of the wires of the second transition segment may be cut or otherwise removed when forming the distal end of the second transition segment. In step 414 of method 400, a distal coil segment may be formed by continuously winding the remaining wires. The distal coil segment may include one to four wires (e.g., two wires).In optional step 416 of method 400, after the wire is cut during manufacturing method 400, the coil may be post-processed by cutting off any excess wire and covering the exposed edges of the cut wire with a protective material, such as glue, epoxy adhesive, heat shrink, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and / or any other bonding material.

[0052] Advantageously, flexibility may be gradually increased from the proximal end of the coil to the distal end of the coil by cutting or otherwise removing wire from the coil in steps 404, 408, and 414. Furthermore, by forming the coil by gradually removing wire between coil segments, the entire coil may be formed as a single, integral structure and may eliminate the need to incorporate rigid connections to connect the separate segments together, thereby increasing the flexibility of the coil.

[0053] 5 illustrates another exemplary intraluminal device 501 in a straightened configuration. The intraluminal device 501 may include an elongate sheath 502 containing an elongate coil 504 and an elongate sheath 505 connected to the proximal end of the coil 504. The intraluminal device 501 may also include a handle 509 connected to the proximal end of the sheath 505. The coil 504 may be formed from multiple helically wound wires and may have a configuration similar to the elongate coil 104 of FIG. 1A. That is, the coil 504 may include a proximal coil segment 512, a first transition segment 514, a second transition segment 516, and a distal coil segment 518. In some embodiments, a dome cap 511 may be formed on the distal coil end 510. The proximal coil segment 512 may be formed from 5-12 nitinol wires (e.g., 8 nitinol wires) and 1-4 wires (e.g., 2 wires 504a) made of nitinol with a radiopaque core (e.g., a 30% tantalum core). These wires may be helically wound to form the proximal coil segment 512, and a predetermined number (e.g., 4) of the nitinol wires may be severed at the distal end of the proximal coil segment 512. The remaining wires (e.g., 3-5 nitinol wires and 1-4 nitinol wires with a radiopaque core) may be helically wound to form the first transition segment 514, and at least one additional nitinol wire (e.g., another 2 nitinol wires) may be severed at the distal end of the first transition segment 514. The remaining wires (e.g., two to four nitinol wires and one to four nitinol wires with a radiopaque core) may be helically wound to form a second transition segment 516, and the remaining nitinol wires without a radiopaque core may be cut at the distal end of the second transition segment 516. The coil distal segment 518 may be formed from nitinol wires with a radiopaque core. Thus, the entire axial length of the coil 504 may be radiopaque.

[0054] 6A and 6B illustrate the advancement of a microcatheter 660 through an exemplary endoluminal device 601. The endoluminal device 601 may have the same or similar configuration as, for example, the endoluminal device 101 of FIG. 1A or the endoluminal device 501 of FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the endoluminal device 601 may include an elongated coil 604 and a looped core wire (not shown) configured to bend the distal end of the coil 604 into a curved configuration. The endoluminal device 601 may provide internal support for the advancement of the microcatheter 660 through the endoluminal device. As shown in FIG. 6B, the endoluminal device 601 may be configured to shape the microcatheter 660 such that the microcatheter 660 may assume a shape similar to the portion of the endoluminal device 601 through which the microcatheter 660 is being advanced. In some embodiments, the endoluminal device 601 may be navigated through the body until the distal end of the endoluminal device 601 is positioned at a desired anatomical location. For example, intraluminal device 601 may be placed at a location within an intracranial vessel. After placing the intraluminal device at a desired anatomical location, a second device (e.g., exemplary microcatheter 660) may be advanced through intraluminal device 601 until the second device reaches the anatomical location. In some embodiments, the second device may be configured to perform a therapeutic and / or diagnostic process at the anatomical location.

[0055] 7A shows the distal portion of an exemplary endoluminal device 701 in a straightened configuration. FIG. 7B shows the distal portion of the endoluminal device 701 in a curved configuration. The endoluminal device 701 may include an elongate coil 704 and a looped core wire 730 extending at least partially through the coil 704. The coil 704 may include two or more segments with varying degrees of flexibility, including a flexible distal coil segment 718 and a transition segment 716 that may be configured to be stiffer and less flexible than the distal coil segment 718. The core wire 730 may include a distal end portion 750 having a first loop portion 736 extending distally from a wider portion 735 of the core wire, a core wire bend 737 about which the core wire 730 may be bent or folded, and a second loop portion 738 extending between the bend 737 and a distal tip 739 of the core wire. Core wire 730 may change from a distal axial direction (e.g., to the right in FIG. 7A ) to a proximal axial direction (e.g., to the left in FIG. 7A ) at core wire bend 737. In some embodiments, a portion of second loop portion 738 may be fixed to coil 704 by motion restrictor 746. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B , distal tip 739 may be positioned in contact with motion restrictor 746. Alternatively, second loop portion 738 may extend proximally beyond motion restrictor 746, thereby positioning distal tip 739 proximally from motion restrictor 746. In some embodiments, core wire distal end portion 750 may have the same or similar shape, size, and configuration as core wire distal end portion 250 shown in and described above with reference to FIG. 3A . Core wire bend 737 may be positioned at or near distal coil end 710.

[0056] In some embodiments, core wire bend 737 may not be directly coupled or attached to coil 704. When core wire 730 is subjected to an axial force (e.g., a proximal force), the force may cause first loop portion 736 and second loop portion 738 to buckle into a curved configuration, such as the curved configuration of FIG. 7B . As described above with reference to FIGS. 3E-3G , motion restrictor 746 is configured as a hinge on core wire distal end portion 750, causing first loop portion 736 and second loop portion 738 to buckle when an axial force is applied to core wire 730. In some embodiments, application of an axial force to core wire 730 may be configured to bend the entire length of coil 704 distal to motion restrictor 746. As a result, application of an axial force to core wire 730 may be configured to bend some or all of the distal coil segment 718 of endoluminal device 701.

[0057] FIG. 8 shows the distal portion of another exemplary intraluminal device 801 in a straightened configuration. The intraluminal device 801 may include an elongate coil 804 and a looped core wire 830 extending into an interior channel 802a of the coil 804. The coil 804 may include two or more segments with varying degrees of flexibility, including a first transition segment 814, a second transition segment 816 configured to be more flexible than the first transition segment, and a distal coil segment 818 configured to be more flexible than the second transition segment. The core wire 830 may include a distal end portion 850 having the same or similar cross-sectional shape and size as the core wire distal end portion 250 depicted in FIG. 3A or the core wire distal end portion 750 depicted in FIG. 7A.

[0058] In some embodiments, core wire distal end portion 850 may include a double turn, whereby following a turn of core wire 830 toward the proximal end of intraluminal device 801 at a first core wire bend 837a, core wire 830 may turn back toward the distal end of intraluminal device 801 at a second core wire bend 837b. That is, core wire distal end portion 850 may include a first core wire bend 837a and a second core wire bend 837b where core wire 830 may change from a proximal axial direction to a distal axial direction or vice versa. Core wire first loop portion 850a may extend distally from wider portion 835 of core wire to first core wire bend 837a, which may be positioned at or near distal coil end 810. The second loop portion 850b of the core wire may extend proximally from the first core wire bend 837a to a second core wire bend 837b, which may be positioned proximally from the first core wire bend 837a. The third loop portion 850c of the core wire may extend distally from the second core wire bend 837b to a distal tip 839 of the core wire. In some embodiments, the distal tip 839 may be positioned at the same axial position as the first core wire bend 837a. Alternatively, the distal tip 839 may be positioned proximally or distally from the first core wire bend 837a. In some embodiments, one or both of the first loop portion 850a or the third loop portion 850c may have the same or similar axial length as the first loop portion 236 of FIG. 2 . Additionally or alternatively, second loop portion 850b may have the same or similar axial length as second loop portion 238 of FIG.

[0059] In some embodiments, the intraluminal device 801 may include a motion restrictor 846 that may be positioned at or near the second core wire bend 837b. While FIG. 8 depicts the motion restrictor 846 positioned along one side of the inner channel 802a, similar to the configuration of the motion restrictor 346 depicted in FIG. 3D, the motion restrictor 846 may be positioned along both sides of the inner channel 802a. The motion restrictor 846 may contact at least a portion of the third loop portion 850c, thereby coupling the core wire distal end portion 850 to the coil 804. Additionally or alternatively, the intraluminal device 801 may include a dome cap 811 at the coil distal end 810. The dome cap 811 may be constructed of epoxy and may be radiused to prevent atraumatic tissue formation. As shown in FIG. 8, the first core wire bend 837a and the core wire distal tip 839 may be encased in the dome cap 811. The dome cap 811 may be formed by partially filling the interior channel 802a with epoxy near the coil distal end 810, so that the epoxy covers the first core wire bend 837a and the core wire distal tip 839 and contacts the walls of the interior channel 802a. Thus, the dome cap 811 may bond the first core wire bend 837a and the core wire distal tip 839 to each other and to the coil distal end 810.

[0060] When core wire 830 is subjected to an axial force, the force may cause loop sections 850a, 850b, and 850c to buckle, bending radially into a curved configuration at the distal portion of endoluminal device 801. As discussed above with reference to Figures 3E-3G, motion restrictor 846 is configured as a hinge in core wire distal end portion 850, causing loop sections 850a, 850b, and 850c to buckle when an axial force is applied to core wire 830. In some embodiments, some or all of distal coil segment 818 may be configured to bend when an axial force is applied to core wire 830.

[0061] FIG. 9 shows the distal portion of a further exemplary intraluminal device 901 in a straightened configuration. The intraluminal device 901 may include an elongate coil 904 and a looped core wire 930 extending into an interior channel 902a of the coil 904. The coil 904 may include two or more segments with varying degrees of flexibility, including a first transition segment 914, a second transition segment 916 configured to be more flexible than the first transition segment, and a distal coil segment 918 configured to be more flexible than the second transition segment. In some embodiments, a motion restrictor 946 may be provided within the coil 904 as an anti-rotation feature. The motion restrictor 946 may include a polymer (e.g., PEEK), an adhesive, a weld, and / or any other suitable material and may have the same or similar configuration as the motion restrictor 346 of FIG. 3A or the motion restrictor 746 of FIG. 7A. Core wire 930 may include a distal end portion 950 having the same or similar cross-sectional shape and size as core wire distal end portion 250 of FIG. 3A, core wire distal end portion 750 of FIG. 7A, or core wire distal end portion 850 of FIG. 8.

[0062] In some embodiments, the core wire distal end portion 950 may include two separate loop portions 936 and 938. The first loop portion 936 may extend distally from the wider core wire portion 935 to a first distal tip 939a, which may be positioned at or near the distal coil end 910. Thus, the first loop portion 936 may form the distal-most section of a portion of the core wire extending to the proximal end of the endoluminal device 901. The second loop portion 938 may have a first end forming a second distal tip 939b and may extend proximally from the second distal tip 939b to a proximal tip 939c. In some embodiments, the first distal tip 939a may be positioned at the same axial location as the second distal tip 939b. Alternatively, the first distal tip 939a may be positioned proximally or distally from the second distal tip 939b. In some examples, at least a portion of second loop portion 938 may be secured to coil 904 by a motion restrictor 946 (which may include, for example, a binding polymer such as PEEK). In the example shown in FIG. 9, proximal tip 939c may be positioned in contact with motion restrictor 946. Alternatively, second loop portion 938 may extend proximally beyond motion restrictor 946, such that proximal tip 939c may be positioned proximally from motion restrictor 946.

[0063] In some embodiments, the intraluminal device 901 can include a dome cap 911 at the coil distal end 910. The dome cap 911 can be constructed of epoxy and can be radiused to prevent atraumatic tissue. As shown in FIG. 9 , the first distal tip 939a and the second distal tip 939b can be encased in the dome cap 911. The dome cap 911 can be formed by partially filling the interior channel 902a near the coil distal end 910 with epoxy, so that the epoxy covers the first distal tip 939a and the second distal tip 939b and contacts the walls of the interior channel 902a. Thus, the dome cap 911 can couple the first distal tip 939a and the second distal tip 939b to each other and to the coil distal end 910.

[0064] When core wire 930 is subjected to an axial force, the force can cause first loop portion 936 and second loop portion 938 to buckle, bending radially into a curved configuration at the distal portion of endoluminal device 901. As discussed above with reference to Figures 3E-3G, motion restrictor 946 is configured as a hinge at core wire distal end portion 950, causing first loop portion 936 and second loop portion 938 to buckle when an axial force is applied to core wire 930. In some embodiments, application of an axial force to core wire 930 can cause some or all of distal coil segment 918 to bend.

[0065] 10 illustrates an exemplary intraluminal device 1001, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The intraluminal device 1001 may include an elongate sheath 1002 having an elongate shaft 1005 and an elongate coil 1004 connected to a distal end of the elongate shaft 1005, the coil 1004 extending between a proximal coil end 1008 and a distal coil end 1010. The intraluminal device 1001 may also include a handle 1009 connected to the proximal end of the elongate shaft 1005. The handle 1009 may be connected to a looped wire core extending through the elongate shaft 1005 and the coil 1004, and may be configured to control movement (e.g., bending and straightening) of at least a portion of the coil 1004. The looped core wire of the intraluminal device 1001 may include a first loop portion 1036, a bend (not shown in FIG. 10) positioned at or near the distal coil end 1010, and a second loop portion 1038. The elongate coil 1004 may be formed from multiple helically wound wires, at least some of which extend from the coil proximal end 1008 to the coil distal end 1010. The elongate coil 1004 may include a proximal coil segment 1012, a first transition segment 1014, a second transition segment 1016, and a distal coil segment 1018.

[0066] In some embodiments, spaces 1060 may be formed between the wound wires (i.e., windings) of the coil 1004 in one or more of the coil segments. For example, as shown in FIG. 10 , spaces 1060 may be formed between each wire in the distal portion 1018a of the distal coil segment 1018. This may further increase the flexibility of the distal portion 1018a. In some embodiments, the spaces 1060 may be provided along the entire axial length of the distal coil segment 1018. Additionally or alternatively, similar spaces may be provided between the windings of the second transition segment 1016, the first transition segment 1014, and / or the proximal coil segment 1012. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the coil 1014 (e.g., the proximal coil segment 1012) may not have spaces 1060 between the windings in that portion to ensure increased coil flexibility toward the distal end of the coil 1004.

[0067] In some embodiments, the spaces 1060 between the windings of the coil 1004 may be equally spaced along the longitudinal axis of the coil 1004 and may be approximately equal in axial length. In some alternative embodiments, the axial length of the spaces 1060 may vary along the longitudinal axis of the coil 1004, thereby making certain portions of the coil 1004 more flexible than other portions of the coil 1004. In some embodiments, the spaces 1060 may be formed by adding gaps between the wires at a predetermined frequency during the process of winding multiple wires to form the elongated coil 1004. In some alternative embodiments, the spaces 1060 may be formed by removing one or more wires from desired portion(s) of the elongated coil 1004, for example, by cutting. Optionally, the wire proximate the spaces 1060 may be reinforced to maintain the spaces 1060 and to hold the wire at the intended coil angle(s), for example, by heat treating the wire to reinforce the wire at the intended coil angle(s). Advantageously, forming spaces 1060 within the elongate coil 1004 can increase the flexibility of the corresponding section(s) of the coil. For example, spaces 1060 can be formed within some or all of the distal coil segment 1018 to form a soft, atraumatic distal tip of the endoluminal device 1001.

[0068] The above description has been presented for purposes of illustration. It is not exhaustive or intended to be limited to the precise forms or embodiments disclosed. Modifications and adaptations of the embodiments will be apparent from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosed embodiments. While certain elements are described as being coupled to one another, such elements may also be integrated with one another or distributed in any suitable manner.

[0069] Furthermore, although exemplary embodiments have been described herein, the scope thereof includes all embodiments having equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of aspects of various embodiments), adaptations, and / or alterations based on this disclosure. Claim elements are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to the examples described in this specification or during prosecution of this application. The examples are to be construed non-exclusively. Furthermore, steps of the disclosed methods may be arbitrarily modified, such as by changing the order of steps and / or inserting or deleting steps.

[0070] The features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the detailed specification, and therefore, the appended claims are intended to cover all systems and methods that fall within the true spirit and scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" mean "one or more." Similarly, the use of plural terms does not necessarily indicate a plurality, unless clearly indicated in a given context. Unless otherwise indicated, words such as "and" or "or" mean "and / or." Moreover, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to one skilled in the art from review of the present disclosure, it is not desired to limit the disclosure to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to that fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0071] Other embodiments will be apparent from consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as examples only, with the true scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. a flexible elongate sheath (102) having a proximal section and a distal section, the distal section of the sheath terminating at a distal end of the sheath, the distal section of the sheath having a distal bending segment and a proximal support segment located proximally from the distal bending segment, the distal bending segment being configured to be more flexible than the proximal support segment; an elongate core wire (230), the elongate core wire extending between a proximal tip (239) of the core wire and a distal tip of the core wire, the core wire being positioned at least partially within the sheath, the core wire having a distal end portion (238) folded into a loop within the sheath, whereby at least a portion of the core wire is located proximal to the loop of the core wire; a motion restrictor (346) positioned at least partially within the sheath, the motion restrictor configured to restrict axial motion of the distal tip of the core wire in at least one axial direction and to permit the loop of the core wire to buckle, thereby causing bending of the distal section of the sheath when an axial force is exerted on the core wire; An intraluminal device, wherein the motion restrictor (346) comprises a junction between the distal end portion (238) of the core wire and an inner wall (102a) of the sheath (102).

2. the axial force includes both a proximal force that causes the sheath to bend into a first curved configuration and a distal force that causes the sheath to bend into a second curved configuration, wherein in the second curved configuration the sheath bends radially in an opposite direction to the first curved configuration; The intraluminal device of claim 1 , wherein upon application of the distal force, the distal tip of the core wire deforms into a gap between the core wire and the inner wall of the sheath.

3. The intraluminal device of claim 2 , wherein the bond is formed by at least one of an adhesive or a weld.

4. The intraluminal device of claim 1 , wherein the motion restrictor comprises an insert positioned within an interior channel of the sheath, the insert comprising at least one of an obstruction or a ring connected to a wall of the interior channel of the sheath.

5. 10. The intraluminal device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the sheath has a coil including one or more wires wound to form a plurality of windings, at least some of the windings of the coil forming the distal section of the sheath.

6. The intraluminal device of claim 5 , wherein at least some of the windings forming the distal section of the sheath are configured to have spaces therebetween.

7. 6. The intraluminal device of claim 5, wherein at least a portion of the proximal section of the sheath is formed from windings of the coil, and at least some of the windings forming the proximal section of the sheath do not have spaces between them.

8. the distal section of the sheath includes a coil; and The intraluminal device of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the proximal section of the sheath is formed from a construction other than a coil.

9. 10. The intraluminal device of claim 1, wherein a portion of the core wire within the distal section of the sheath is configured such that repeated exertion of forces on the core wire results in repeatable directional bending of the core wire.

10. The intraluminal device of claim 9 , wherein the distal end portion of the core wire has a non-circular cross-section configured to allow selective bending of the core wire.

11. 10. The intraluminal device of claim 1, wherein the loop of the core wire is configured to form a gap between the loop of the core wire and an inner wall of the sheath, the gap being sized such that a portion of the loop of the core wire is configured to deform within the gap when a force is applied to the core wire.

12. The intraluminal device of claim 11 , wherein the deformation of the core wire within the gap comprises buckling of the core wire within the gap.

13. The endoluminal device of claim 1 , wherein the loop of the core wire is configured such that at least a portion of the loop does not move distally relative to the distal section of the sheath when the core wire is moved distally.

14. The intraluminal device of claim 1 , further comprising a widened portion of the core wire located proximal to the distal end portion.

15. 10. The intraluminal device of claim 1, wherein the sheath and the core wire are biased in a straightened configuration and configured such that an axial pulling force on the core wire causes bending of the distal bending segment of the sheath.

16. The intraluminal device of claim 1 , wherein the sheath is configured to traverse vasculature in the human brain.

17. the motion restrictor includes a step formed within an interior channel of the sheath; and The intraluminal device of claim 1 , wherein an edge of the distal end portion of the core wire is positioned to abut the step.

18. 18. The intraluminal device of claim 17, wherein the core wire is positioned to abut the step at a location spaced proximally from the distal tip of the core wire.

19. The intraluminal device of claim 1 , wherein the core wire extends continuously through the loop of the core wire.

20. The intraluminal device of claim 1 , wherein the motion restrictor comprises a constriction in an interior channel of the sheath.

21. The intraluminal device of claim 1 , wherein the loop of the core wire is separated into two segments at a bend thereof, and the separated segments of the core wire are joined together.

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