Synergistic herbicide combinations, compositions, and uses thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a synergistic herbicidal combination of a cyclohexanedione and at least one other herbicide. The present invention also relates to a method for eliminating or controlling weeds and undesirable vegetation using the synergistic herbicidal composition. The present invention also relates to a method for eliminating or controlling weeds and undesirable vegetation from non-agricultural land, facilities, forest land, orchards, vines, and fruit trees using the synergistic herbicidal composition.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a synergistic herbicidal combination of a cyclohexanedione and at least one other herbicide. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for eliminating or controlling weeds and undesirable vegetation using a synergistic herbicidal composition. [Background technology]

[0002] Herbicides play an important role in agricultural practices worldwide, helping to eliminate unwanted plants and weeds that contaminate cultivated land. Each herbicide has a range of action and target plants whose growth it can effectively control or which can help to completely eliminate weeds.

[0003] Weeds and unwanted plants are a nuisance not only in agriculture but also in non-agricultural areas, such as building structures, facilities, and railroads and runways, which require maximum precision in keeping their paths clear of obstacles. Weeds are also considered a nuisance in places such as golf courses and sports complexes, which require large areas of maintained carpet turf. In such places, weeds are a problem regardless of their genus or species, and target selection is not important. Their removal requires large amounts of removal and weeding, which is troublesome when done by hand, given the vast scope. Herbicides can be used to provide relief in such cases, as they can target all weeds at once.

[0004] Also, forests and orchards with improved ground allow for easier harvesting of fruits and valuable materials from the forest. Manual weeding in such areas can be difficult and arduous work, and herbicides can be a solution to address this problem.

[0005] It is known that herbicides are effective against a range of weeds, but do not compete with certain types of other weeds, which can prevent the complete elimination of weeds from the above-mentioned locations.Therefore, there is a strong demand for mixing two or more herbicides.The combination of herbicides with a favorable action profile allows the application rate to be reduced compared with the individual application of the combined herbicides, resulting in better weed control.A mixture of selected herbicides has several advantages over the use of a single herbicide, including: (a) expanding the range of weeds to be controlled or extending weed control over a longer period; (b) improving crop safety by using the minimum dose of the selected herbicides applied in combination, rather than using a single high dose of one herbicide; and (c) delaying the emergence of weed species resistant to the selected herbicide (Int. J. Agri. Biol, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2004, pages 209-212).

[0006] However, the activity and selectivity behavior of any particular mixture is difficult to predict because the behavior of each single herbicide in the mixture is often affected by the presence of other herbicides, and the activity of the mixture can also vary considerably depending on the chemical characteristics, plant species, growth stage, and environmental conditions. In most cases, this practice results in a decrease in the activity of the herbicides in the mixture.

[0007] Furthermore, in order to control a wider range of weeds, herbicide combinations are used.However, the combination of herbicides may not always produce the desired effect.The combination of herbicides may produce additive or antagonistic effects.This may also cause phytotoxicity to crops, making it an undesirable combination.Therefore, agronomists must carefully select herbicides that can be combined to provide synergistic effects that will control weeds without causing phytotoxicity to crops and reduce the possibility of developing herbicide-resistant weeds.

[0008] Clethodim is a selective post-emergence herbicide used to control annual and perennial weeds in a wide variety of broadleaf crops, including soybeans, cotton, flax, peanuts, sunflowers, sugar beets, potatoes, alfalfa, ornamentals, and most vegetables. It can provide good control of grassy weeds, thus creating a need for combinations with other herbicides that can target broadleaf weeds.

[0009] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002 / 0004457(A1) describes the combination of a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicide with a co-herbicide for the elimination of grass weeds and broadleaf weeds. However, it emphasizes and demonstrates the use of these combinations against weeds in cotton, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, and sugar beet. Therefore, it emphasizes the agricultural use of herbicide combinations. It does not explicitly mention the use of such combinations for the elimination of weeds from other crop areas, non-agricultural land, or orchards or forest land.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the complete removal and control of weeds and undesirable vegetation from non-crop land, orchards, and forest land in a time-efficient and cost-effective manner. There is a need for effective herbicidal compositions that can provide effective removal of undesirable vegetation regardless of vegetation type, physiology, and morphology.

[0011] The invention described herein further addresses this need.

[0012] Object of the invention The object of the present invention is to address the control and complete removal of weeds and undesirable vegetation from crop areas, non-crop land, orchards, and woodlands in a time-efficient and cost-effective manner.

[0013] It is an object of the present invention to provide an effective herbicide combination that can provide effective elimination of undesirable vegetation regardless of the type, physiology, and morphology of the vegetation.

[0014] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide synergistic herbicide combinations.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide compositions containing synergistic herbicide combinations that provide broader and more complete spectrum weed control.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling weeds in a habitat by application of synergistic herbicide combinations or compositions.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to use the composition to facilitate the removal of undesirable vegetation from non-agricultural land, institutions, forest land, and orchards.

[0018] The object of the present invention is to reduce or eliminate the nuisance and danger to life caused by the growth of unwanted vegetation.

[0019] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for increasing crop yields by the application of synergistic herbicide combinations.

[0020] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving plant health through the application of synergistic herbicide combinations. Summary of the Invention

[0021] In accordance with the above objects, the present invention provides a synergistic combination of a cyclohexanedione and at least one other herbicide.

[0022] In one embodiment, the present invention also provides a synergistic composition comprising a combination of a cyclohexanedione and at least one other herbicide for controlling or eliminating weeds.

[0023] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling weeds comprising applying to a locus a synergistic combination of a cyclohexanedione and at least one other herbicide.

[0024] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of applying a combination comprising a cyclohexanedione and at least one other herbicide to the locus of plants or weeds.

[0025] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method for the use of the combination or composition according to the present invention, comprising applying the combination or composition to the desired locus.

[0026] In another aspect, the present invention provides a kit comprising the combination or composition according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present document, including definitions, will control.

[0028] It should be noted that, as used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The terms "preferred" and "preferably" refer to embodiments of the invention that may offer certain benefits, under certain circumstances.

[0029] As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," "involving," and the like, should be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to.

[0030] As used herein, the term herbicide is intended to mean an active ingredient that kills, controls, or otherwise adversely modifies the growth of plants. As used herein, a herbicidally effective amount or vegetation controlling amount is the amount of active ingredient that causes a "herbicidal effect," i.e., a adversely modifying effect, including deviation from natural development, killing, controlling, drought, or retardation.

[0031] The terms "plant" and "vegetation" include, but are not limited to, germinative seeds, emerging seedlings, plants emerging from propagules, and native vegetation. The term "weed" refers to and includes any plant that grows in an unwanted location, including pesticide-resistant plants.

[0032] As used herein, the term "locus" is intended to refer to the vicinity of a desired crop where weed control, typically selective weed control, is desired. The locus includes the vicinity of the desired crop plants, where weed infestation may or may not have already emerged. The term "crop" is intended to include a number of desired crop plants growing in a locus, or an individual crop plant.

[0033] In any aspect or embodiment described herein below, the word comprising may be replaced with the phrase "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of" or "substantially consisting of." In these aspects or embodiments, the combination or composition described includes, or comprises, or consists of, or consists essentially of, or consists substantially of the specific components listed therein, to the exclusion of other fungicides or insecticides or plant growth promoters or adjuvants or excipients not specifically listed therein.

[0034] As used herein, the term "control of undesirable vegetation" refers to the interference with the normal growth and development of undesirable vegetation. Examples of control activity include, but are not limited to, inhibition of root growth, inhibition of shoot growth, inhibition of shoot emergence, inhibition of seed production, or reduction of weed biomass. The term "undesirable vegetation" applies to any plant or part thereof growing in a disturbed, disturbed, or sheltered location whose presence highlights the need for its control or complete removal. Such plants may be weed plants or crop plants growing in an undesirable location. As used herein, the terms "undesirable vegetation," "undesirable species," "undesirable plants," "harmful plants," "unwanted weeds," or "noxious weeds" are synonymous.

[0035] As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the amount of compound that is sufficient to achieve a good level of control when ingested, contacted, or sensed.

[0036] Apart from agricultural applications, herbicides find their way into many other walks of life and places where unwanted weed growth disrupts normal function or poses a risk to human or animal life. In addition to weed control in arable crops, it is essential to have suitable solutions for control in railways, facilities, and forestlands. As an example, railway weed control is necessary for passenger safety and infrastructure sustainability. It is important to carry out chemical weed control quickly and in accordance with regulations that change along the railroad tracks as vegetation and topography change. The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that a combination of a cyclohexanedione herbicide with another herbicide can address this problem quickly and in a versatile manner. It will also help eliminate the hindrance caused by resistance development in weeds and plants while controlling a wide range of weeds and problem plants.

[0037] Surprisingly, it has been found by the present inventors that a combination of a cyclohexanedione herbicide and a second herbicide provides synergistic control of undesirable plants in the locus of desirable crop plants.

[0038] According to one aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic combination comprising a cyclohexanedione and at least one other herbicide for the control or elimination of weeds.

[0039] Each of the embodiments described below may be applied to one or all of the aspects described above. These embodiments are intended to be read as preferred features of one or all of the aspects described above. Each of the embodiments described below applies to each of the aspects individually described above.

[0040] In one embodiment, the present invention provides preferred combinations, compositions thereof, and methods thereof. The methods of the present invention include methods of controlling weeds in a locus by applying a combination or composition to the locus, or methods of increasing crop yield by applying a combination or composition to the locus, or methods of improving plant health by applying a combination or composition to the locus of a plant. The embodiments described herein describe preferred embodiments of all these possible combinations, compositions, and methods of the present invention.

[0041] Thus, an embodiment of the present invention provides a herbicide combination comprising at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide and at least one other herbicide.

[0042] According to one embodiment, the other herbicide is an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor or an acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitor, a photosystem II inhibitor, an acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor, a synthetic auxin, an auxin transport inhibitor, a photosystem I inhibitor, a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitor, a microtubule assembly inhibitor, a fatty acid and lipid synthesis inhibitor, a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, a very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) inhibitor, a phytoene desaturase ... desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, glutamine synthetase inhibitors, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors, cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, herbicides with multiple modes of action, quinclorac, arylaminopropionic acids, difenzoquat, or organic arsenicals.

[0043] An embodiment of the invention may be a herbicide combination comprising at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide and at least one other herbicide selected from the group of a PPO inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor (ACCase inhibitor), an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin regulatory pathway disruptor, or a combination thereof.

[0044] In one embodiment, the cyclohexanedione herbicide is the first herbicide, preferably clethodim.

[0045] In one embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is selected from the group of diphenyl ethers, N-phenylphthalimides, phenylpyrazoles, oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, triazolinones, oxazolidinediones, pyrimidinediones, or combinations thereof.

[0046] In one embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is a diphenyl ether.

[0047] In one embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is N-phenylphthalimide.

[0048] In one embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is an aryltriazolinone.

[0049] In one embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is a pyrimidinedione.

[0050] In one embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is selected from acifluorfen, fomesafen, lactofen, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, carfentrazone, fluthiacet-ethyl and saflufenacil, azafenidin, benzfendizone, bifenox, butafenacil, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, clomethoxyfen, cinidon-ethyl, fluazolate, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxadiargyl, oxadiazone, oxyfluorfen, pentoxazone, profluazol, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, thidiazimine, trifludimoxadine, and thiafenacil.

[0051] In preferred embodiments, the PPO inhibitor is selected from acifluorfen, acifluorfen salts, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, fumiclorac, flumioxazin, oxadiazon, saflufenacil, fluthiacet-methyl, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, sulfentrazone, pyraflufen, and pyraflufen-ethyl.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is carfentrazone or carfentrazone-ethyl.

[0053] In yet another specific embodiment, the PPO inhibitor is pyraflufen or pyraflufen-ethyl.

[0054] In one embodiment, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor is selected from aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOP), cyclohexanedione (DIM), and phenylpyrazoline.

[0055] In one embodiment, the ACCase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop, haloxyfop, metamifop, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-ethotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl, propaquizafop, metamifop, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, fluazifop-butyl, alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, pinoxaden, and / or combinations thereof.

[0056] In one embodiment, the ALS inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: (i) imidazolinone herbicides, (ii) sulfonylamino-carbonyltriazolinone herbicides, (iii) sulfonylurea herbicides, (iv) pyrazole herbicides, (v) triazolpyramidine herbicides, and (vi) Triazolone herbicides.

[0057] In one embodiment, the ALS inhibitor herbicide is an imidazolinone herbicide.

[0058] In one embodiment, the imidazolinone herbicide is selected from the group consisting of imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazethapyr.

[0059] In one embodiment, the ALS inhibitor is a triazolone herbicide.

[0060] In one embodiment, the triazolone herbicide is selected from the group consisting of amicarbazone, bencarbazone, carfentrazone, flucarbazone, ipfencarbazone, propoxycarbazone, sulfentrazone, and thiencarbazone.

[0061] In one embodiment, the triazolone herbicide is carfentrazone or carfentrazone-ethyl.

[0062] In one embodiment, the ALS inhibitor herbicide is a sulfonylamino-carbonyltriazolinone herbicide.

[0063] In one embodiment, the sulfonylamino-carbonyltriazolinone herbicide is flucarbazone or flucarbazone-sodium.

[0064] In one embodiment, the ALS inhibitor herbicide is a sulfonylurea herbicide.

[0065] In one embodiment, the sulfonylurea herbicide is selected from the group consisting of amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, methiopyrisulfuron, monosulfuron, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, Selected from the group consisting of propyrisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, zuomifuangron, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, ethametsulfuron, iodosulfuron, iofensulfuron, metsulfuron, prosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trflusulfuron, and tritosulfuron.

[0066] In one embodiment, the ALS inhibitor herbicide is a pyrazole herbicide.

[0067] In one embodiment, the pyrazole herbicide is selected from the group consisting of azimsulfuron, cyclopyranyl, difenzoquat, halosulfuron, flazasulfuron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyroxasulfone, benzofenap, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolinate, pyrazoxyfen, tolpyralate, topramezone, fluazolate, nipiraclofen, pinoxaden, and pyraflufen.

[0068] In one embodiment, the ALS inhibitor herbicide is a triazolopyrimidine herbicide.

[0069] In one embodiment, the triazolopyrimidine herbicide is selected from the group consisting of cloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulam, and piroxsulam.

[0070] In one preferred embodiment, the ALS-inhibiting herbicide is selected from the group consisting of imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazethapyr, carfentrazone, flucarbazone, sulfentrazone, flucarbazone, amicarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, bensulfuron, halosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, flazasulfuron, sulfosulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, metsulfuron, metazachlor, pinoxaden, pyraflufen, diclosulam, and penoxsulam.

[0071] In one embodiment, the auxin regulatory pathway disruptor is selected from 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, dicamba, clopyralid, fluroxypyr, picloram, triclopyr, aminopyralid, aminocyclopyrachlor, quinclorac, diflufenzopyr, and / or combinations thereof.

[0072] The second herbicide may be selected from the herbicides listed above in any of the embodiments, although the first and second herbicides do not have to be the same.

[0073] According to another aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide and at least one other herbicide selected from the group of a PPO inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase inhibitor), an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin-regulated pathway disruptor, or combinations thereof.

[0074] According to another aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide, at least one other herbicide selected from the group of a PPO inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase inhibitor), an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin-regulated pathway disruptor, or combinations thereof, and at least one pesticidally acceptable carrier.

[0075] An acceptable carrier may be any one or combination of adjuvants.

[0076] Therefore, the present invention provides a) a combination of a cyclohexanedione herbicide with another herbicide selected from the group of a PPO inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase inhibitor), an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin-regulated pathway disruptor, or a combination thereof; and b) Providing a herbicidal composition including an adjuvant.

[0077] In one embodiment, the herbicidal composition comprises: a) a combination of clethodim with another herbicide selected from the group of a PPO inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase inhibitor), an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin regulatory pathway disruptor, or a combination thereof; and b) Providing a herbicidal composition including an adjuvant.

[0078] In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition may comprise from about 0.1% to about 99% by weight of herbicide.

[0079] In one embodiment, the composition may contain from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of an adjuvant.

[0080] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising a synergistic combination of clethodim and at least one other herbicide for the control or removal of weeds and undesirable vegetation, wherein the other herbicide is selected from the group of PPO inhibitors, ACCase inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, or auxin regulatory pathway disruptors.

[0081] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a formulation comprising a synergistic combination of clethodim and at least one other herbicide, wherein the other herbicide is selected from the group of a PPO inhibitor, an ACCase inhibitor, an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin regulatory pathway disruptor, together with an acceptable carrier, for the control or removal of weeds and undesirable vegetation.

[0082] The acceptable carrier may be any one or combination of adjuvants, cosolvents, surfactants, colorants, emulsifiers, thickeners, antifreeze agents, biocides, antifoam agents, stabilizers, wetting agents, or mixtures thereof, which may optionally be added to the compositions of the present invention.

[0083] The surfactant may be selected from nonionic, anionic, or cationic surfactants.

[0084] Examples of nonionic surfactants include polyarylphenol polyethoxy ethers, polyalkylphenol polyethoxy ethers, polyglycol ether derivatives of saturated fatty acids, polyglycol ether derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids, polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic alcohols, polyglycol ether derivatives of alicyclic alcohols, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, alkoxylated vegetable oils, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, polyalkoxylated alkylphenols, fatty acid alkoxylates, sorbitan alkoxylates, sorbitol esters, C8 to C22 alkyl or alkenyl polyglycosides, polyalkoxystyryl aryl ethers, alkylamine oxides, block copolymer ethers, polyalkoxylated aliphatic glycerides, polyalkylene glycol ethers, linear aliphatic or aromatic polyesters, organic silicones, polyarylphenols, sorbitol ester alkoxylates, polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, acrylic copolymers, and monoesters and diesters of ethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.

[0085] Examples of anionic surfactants include alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, alkylaryl ether sulfates, alkylaryl sulfonates, such as alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkylnaphthalene sulfonates and their salts, alkyl sulfonates, mono- or diphosphate esters of polyalkoxylated alkyl alcohols or alkylphenols, C 12 ~C 15 Alkanol or Polyalkoxylated C12 ~C 15 Mono- or disulfosuccinate esters of alkanols, alcohol ether carboxylates, phenol ether carboxylates, polybasic acid esters of ethoxylated polyoxyalkylene glycols consisting of oxybutylene or tetrahydrofuran residues, sulfoalkylamides and their salts, such as N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate Na salt, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenol carboxylates, polyoxyalkylene alcohol carboxylate alkyl polyglycoside / alkenyl succinic anhydride condensation products, alkyl ester sulfates, naphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene formaldehyde condensates, alkyl sulfonamides, sulfonated fats aromatic polyesters, sulfate esters of styrylphenyl alkoxylates, and sulfonate esters of styrylphenyl alkoxylates and their corresponding sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, ammonium, alkylammonium, diethanolammonium, or triethanolammonium salts, salts of lignin sulfonic acid such as the sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, or ammonium salts, polyarylphenol polyalkoxyether sulfates and phosphates, and sulfated and phosphated alkylphenol ethoxylates.

[0086] Cationic surfactants include C8 to C 18 Fatty acids and C8-C 18 Alkanolamides of fatty amine polyalkoxylates, C 10 ~C 18 Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, coconut alkyl dimethyl amino acetic acid, and C8-C 18 Phosphate esters of fatty amine polyalkoxylates are included.

[0087] Emulsifiers that can be advantageously used herein can be easily determined by those skilled in the art and include various nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric emulsifiers, or blends of two or more emulsifiers. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers useful for preparing emulsions include polyalkylene glycol ethers, and condensation products of alkyl and aryl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines, or fatty acids with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, such as ethoxylated alkylphenols and carboxylic acid esters solubilized with polyols or polyoxyalkylenes. Cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts. Anionic emulsifiers include oil-soluble salts (e.g., calcium) of alkylaryl sulfonic acids, oil-soluble salts or sulfated polyglycol ethers, and suitable salts of phosphated polyglycol ethers. Some non-limiting examples of emulsifiers used in the compositions of the present invention can be polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate and variants, polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitol hexaoleate and variants, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, alkoxylates, etc.

[0088] In one embodiment, the colorant may be selected from iron oxide, titanium oxide, and Prussian blue, as well as organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes, or metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace elements such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, and zinc.

[0089] Another embodiment includes the addition of a thickening or binder, which may be selected from, but is not limited to, molasses, granulated sugar, alginate, karaya gum, jaggery gum, tragacanth gum, polysaccharide gum, mucilage, xanthan gum, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the binder is selected from silicates such as magnesium aluminum silicate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, celluloses including ethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethylpropyl-cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrin, maltodextrin, polysaccharides, fats, oils, proteins, gum arabic, shellac, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride copolymers, calcium lignosulfonate, acrylic copolymers, starch, polyvinyl acrylate, zein, gelatin, etc. The polymers and copolymers may be selected from vinyl acetate, carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan, polyethylene oxide, acrylimide polymers and copolymers, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, methylacrylimide monomer, alginate, ethylcellulose, polychloroprene, and syrup or mixtures thereof; vinyl acetate, methylcellulose, vinylidene chloride, acrylic, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polysaccharide polymers and copolymers; polymers and copolymers of vinylidene chloride and vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers; combinations of polyvinyl alcohol and sucrose; plasticizers such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyglycols, and the like.

[0090] In another embodiment, the antifreeze agent added to the composition can be an alcohol selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, xylenol, bisphenols such as bisphenol A, and the like. In addition, ether alcohols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene glycols of molecular weight up to about 4000, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, butoxyethanol, butylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, tetrapentaerythritol, diglycerol, triglycerol, tetraglycerol, pentaglycerol, hexaglycerol, heptaglycerol, octaglycerol.

[0091] According to one embodiment, the biocide may be selected from benzothiazole, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, dichloro-s-triazinetrione sodium, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, 1,2-phenyl-isothiazolin-3-one, interchloroxylenol butyl parahydroxybenzoate.

[0092] According to one embodiment, the antifoaming agent may be selected from polydimethoxysiloxanes, polydimethylsiloxanes, alkyl polyacrylates, castor oil, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid sulfates, fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol esters, fatty alcohol sulfates, olive oil, mono- and diglycerides, paraffin oil, paraffin wax, polypropylene glycol, silicone oils, vegetable and animal fats, vegetable and animal fat sulfates, vegetable and animal oils, vegetable and animal oil sulfates, vegetable and animal waxes, vegetable and animal wax sulfates.

[0093] Typical organic liquids that can be used in preparing the emulsion of the present invention include aromatic liquids such as xylene, propylbenzene fraction, or mixed naphthalene fraction, substituted aromatic organic liquids such as mineral oil, dioctyl phthalate, kerosene, dialkylamides of various fatty acids, especially dimethylamides of fatty glycols, and glycol derivatives such as n-butyl ether, ethyl ether, or methyl ether of diethylene glycol and methyl ether of triethylene glycol. Mixtures of two or more organic liquids are often suitable for use in preparing emulsions. The formulation can also contain other compatible additives, such as plant growth regulators and other biologically active compounds used in agriculture.

[0094] Examples of additives used in the formulation include solid carriers such as kaolinite, sericite, diatomaceous earth, hydrated lime, calcium carbonate, talc, white carbon, kaolin, bentonite, clay, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, mirabilite, zeolite, or starch; solvents such as water, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or alcohol; salts of fatty acids, benzoic acid esters, polycarboxylates, salts of alkyl sulfonic acid esters, alkyl sulfates, alkylaryl sulfates, alkyl diglycol ether sulfates, salts of alcohol sulfonic acid esters, alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates, polystyrene sulfonates, salts of alkyl phosphate esters, alkylaryl phosphates, styrylaryl phosphates, salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfonic acid esters, ... Anionic surfactants such as salts of ethylene alkyl ether sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates, salts of polyoxyethylene alkylaryl phosphate esters, salts of polyoxyethylene aryl ether phosphate esters, naphthalenesulfonic acids condensed with formaldehyde, or salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids condensed with formaldehyde; nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, fatty acid polyglycerides, fatty acid alcohol polyglycol ethers, acetylene glycol, acetylene alcohol, oxyalkylene block polymers, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, polyoxyethylene styrylaryl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, or polyoxypropylene fatty acid esters;and vegetable or mineral oils such as olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, palm oil, camellia oil, coconut oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, tung oil, or liquid paraffin. These additives may be suitably selected for use alone or in combination as a mixture of two or more thereof, so long as the objectives of the present invention are met. Furthermore, additives other than those mentioned above may be suitably selected and used from those known in the art. For example, various commonly used additives such as fillers, thickeners, antisettling agents, antifreezing agents, dispersion stabilizers, phytotoxicity reducers, antifungal agents, foaming agents, disintegrants, and binders may be used.

[0095] Furthermore, the composition of the present invention may also contain an adjuvant. Preferred adjuvants for the composition may include fatty acid esters, unsaturated fatty acid esters, methylated esters of fatty acids, methylated esters of unsaturated fatty acids, soybean methyl, etc.

[0096] The compositions of the present invention may also include a solvent such as an alcohol (such as methanol, ethanol, propanol), dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, or a combination thereof.

[0097] The compositions of the present invention may further comprise additional pesticides or active ingredients which may be selected from, but are not limited to, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, miticides, nematicides, weedicides, biological pesticides, fertilizers, safeners, synergists, mycorrhizae, micronutrients, algicides, antifeedants, bird killers, bactericides, bird repellents, chemical sterilants, insect attractants, insect repellents, mammal repellents, mating disruptors, molluscicides, plant activators, plant growth regulators, rodenticides, viricides, derivatives thereof, and biological control agents.

[0098] In one embodiment, the safener is isoxadifen-ethyl, cloquintocet-mexyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, benzenesulfonamide, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2-CBSU), dymron, dichloroacetamide, dicyclonone, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, fluxofenim, dichloroacetamide safeners (e.g., AD-67, benoxacor, dichlormid, and furilazole), naphthopyranone, naphthalic anhydride (NA), oxime , phenylpyrimidines, phenylureas, phenylpyrazole compounds, naphthalic anhydride, cyometrinil, flurazole, dimepiperate, methoxyphenone, cloquintocet-mexyl (CGA-185072), 1-dichloroacetylhexahydro-3,3,8a-trimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-(2H-one) (BAS-145138), dichloromethyl-1,3-dioxolane (MG-191), quinolinyloxyacetate compounds, or agriculturally acceptable salts, esters, or mixtures thereof.

[0099] Without departing from the scope of the subject matter, the mixtures and formulations of the subject matter can be applied in conjunction with one or more co-herbicides to control a wider variety of undesirable vegetation.When used in conjunction with a co-herbicide, the composition can be formulated with one or more co-herbicides, can be tank-mixed with one or more co-herbicides, or can be applied sequentially with one or more co-herbicides.Some of the co-herbicides that can be used in conjunction with the subject matter mixtures include, but are not limited to, 2,4-D, 2,4-D-butotyl, 2,4-D-butyl, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, 2,4-D-diolamine, 2,4-D-ethyl, 2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isooctyl, 2,4-D-isopropyl, 2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-sodium, 2,4-D -Isopromanolammonium, 2,4-D-Trolamine, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-Butyl, 2,4-DB-Dimethylammonium, 2,4-DB-Isoctyl, 2,4-DB-Potassium, 2,4-DB-Sodium, Dichlorprop, Dichlorprop-Butotyl, Dichlorprop-Dimethylammonium, Dichlorprop-Isoctyl, Dichlorprop-Potassium, Dichlorprop-P, Dichlorprop-P-Dimethyla ammonium, dichlorprop-P-potassium, dichlorprop-P-sodium, MCPA, MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-potassium, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop-butotyl, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P-butotyl, mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-P-potassium, naproanilide, clomeprop, 2,3,6-TBA, dicamba, dicamba-butotyl, dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium, dicamba-diolamine, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dichlobenil, picloram, picloram-dimethylammonium,Picloram-isoctyl, picloram-potassium, picloram-triisopropanolammonium, picloram-triisopropylammonium, picloram-trolamine, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, clopyralid, clopyralid-olamine, clopyralid-potassium, clopyralid-triisopropanolammonium, aminopyralid, naptalam, naptalam-sodium, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, quinclorac, quinmerac, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr -sodium, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-2-butoxy-l-methylethyl, fluroxypyr-meptyl, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, chlorotoluron, diuron, fluometuron, linuron, isoproturon, metobenzuron, tebuthiuron, dimefuron, isouron, carbutilate, methabenzthiazuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, nebron, siduron, terbumeton, trietazine, metobromuron , simazine, atrazine, atraton, simetryn, prometryn, dimethametryn, hexazinone, metribuzin, teroutoniazin, cyanazine, ametryn, sibutryn, triaziflam, indaziflam, terbutryn, propazine, metamitron, prometon, bromacil, bromacil-lithium, lenacil, terbacil, propanil, cypromide, swep, tesmedipham, phenmedipham, bromoxynil, bromoxynil-octanoate, bromoxynil-heptanoate, ioxynil, ioxynil-octanoate ate, ioxynil-potassium, ioxynil-sodium, pyridate, bentazone, bentazone-sodium, amicarbazone, methazole, pentanochlor, paraquat, diquat, nitrofen, clomethoxyfen, bifenox, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, fomesafen, fomesafen-sodium, oxyfluorfen, lactofen, aclonifen, ethoxyfen-ethyl (HC-252), fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluoroglycofen, chlorophthalim, flumioxazin,Flumiclorac, Flumiclorac-pentyl, Cinidon-ethyl, Fluthiacet, Fluthiacet-methyl, Oxadiargyl, Oxadiazon, Sulfentrazone, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Thidiazimine, Pentoxazone, Azafenidin, Isopropazole, Pyraflufen-ethyl, Benzphendiazon, Butafenacil, Saflufenacil, Flupoxam, Fluazolate, Profluazole, Pyraclonil, Flufenpyr-ethyl, Bencarbazone, Ethyl [3-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6- Dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-l-yl)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yloxy]acetate (SYN-523), norflurazon, chloridazon, metoflurane, pyrazolinate, pyrazoxyfen, benzofenap, topramezone, pyrasulfotole, amitrole, fluridone, flurtamone, diflufenican, methoxyphenone, clomazone, sulcotrione, mesotrione, tembotrione, tefuryltrione, bicyclopyrone, isoxaflutole, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methylsulfate, isoxachlorthol, benzobicyclon, picolinafen, beflubutamid, diclotop-methyl, diclotop, pyrifenop-sodium, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-ethotyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-methyl, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop- Ethyl, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, metamifop-propyl, metamifop, clodinafop-propargyl, clodinafop, propaquizafop, alloxydim-sodium, alloxydim, clethodim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, butroxidim, tepraloxydim, profoxydim, chloroxydim, flamprop-M-methyl, flamprop-M, flamprop-M-isopropyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorimuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfometuron, primisulfuron-methyl,Primisulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron, cinosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazosulfuron, azimsulfuron, rimsulfuron, imazosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, prosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, flupyrsulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, triflusulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, halosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thifensulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, oxasfluro Ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyldium, sulfosulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methmethylrivenuron, tritosulfuron, foramsulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, orthosulfamuron, flucetosfluron, amidosulfuron, propyrisulfuron, metazosulfuron, iofensulfuron, flumetsulam, metulam, diclosulam, cloransulam-methyl, flora Sulam, Penoxsulam, Piroxsulam, Imazapyr, Imazapyr-isopropylammonium, Imazethapyr, Imazethapyr-ammonium, Imazaquin, Imazaquin-ammonium, Imazamox, Imazamox-ammonium, Imazamethabenz, Imazamethabenz-methylmazapic, Pyrithiobac-sodium, Bispyribac-sodium, Pyriminobac-methylribenzoxim, Piriftalid, Pyrimisulfan, Triafamone, Flucarbazone, Ilcarbazone-sodium, Propoxy ... xycarbazone, or thiencarbazone, glyphosate, glyphosate-sodium, glyphosate-potassium, glyphosate-ammonium, glyphosate-diammonium, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, glyphosate-trimesium, glyphosate-sesquisodium, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, bilanaphos, bilanaphos-sodium, cinmethylin, trifluralin, oryzalin, nilotalin, pendimethalin,Ethalfluralin, benfluralin, prodiamine, butralin, dinitramine, bensulide, dinitramine, propyzamide, pronamide, amiprophos-methylutamifos, anilofos, piperophos, propham, chlorpropham, barban, carbetamide, daimron, cumylron, bromobutide, methyldaimron, asulam-sodium, dithiopyr, thiazopyr, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthal, diphenamide, alachlor, metazachlor, butachlor, pretilachlor, metolachlor, te Nilchlor, petoxamide, acetochlor, propachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, propisochlor, dimethachlor, molinate, dimepiperate, pyributicarb, EPTC, butyrate, vernolate, pebulate, cycloate, prosulfocarb, esprocarb, thiobencarb, triallate, diallate, orbencarb, etobenzanide, flufenacet, mefenacet, tridiphane, cafenstrole, fentrazamide, oxaziclomefone, indanophan, benfle Sate, pyroxasulfone, fenoxasulfone, dalapon, dalapon-sodium, TCA-sodium, trichloroacetic acid, MSMA, DSMA, CMA, endotol, endotol-dipotassium, endotol-sodium, endotol-mono(N,N-dimethylalkylammonium), ethofumesate, sodium chlorate, pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, pinoxaden, ipfencarbazone, acrolein sulfamate ammonium, borax, chloroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid sodium, cyanamide, methylarsonic acid, dimethylphosphate, sodium dimethyllinate, dinoterb, dinoterb-ammonium, dinoterb-diolamine, dinoterb-acetate, DNOC, ferrous sulfate, flupropanate, flupropanate-sodium, isoxaben, mefluidide, mefluidide-diolamine, metam, metam-ammonium, metam-potassium, metam-sodium, methylisothiocyanate, pentachlorophenol, and sodium pentachlorophenolate.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the concentrated formulation can be dispersed in water or another liquid for application, or the formulation can be dust-like or granular. The formulation is prepared according to a procedure that is conventional in the agricultural chemical field, but is novel and important because of the composition present therein. The most frequently applied formulation is an aqueous suspension or emulsion. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are either solids, usually known as wettable powders, or liquids, usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous suspensions, or suspension concentrates. The present disclosure contemplates all vehicles that can be used to formulate the composition for delivery and use as a herbicide.

[0101] The compositions of the present invention may also be formulated as aerosol dispensers, capsule suspensions, cold spray concentrates, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, encapsulated granules, granules, flowable seed treatment concentrates, gas (under pressure), gas-generating products, granules, hot spray concentrates, macrogranules, microgranules, oil-dispersible powders, oil-miscible flowable concentrates, oil-miscible liquids, pastes, plant rodlets, dry seed treatment powders, pesticide-coated seeds, soluble concentrates, soluble powders, seed treatment solutions, suspension concentrates (flowable concentrates), ultra-low volume (ULV) liquids, ultra-low volume (ULV) suspensions, water-dispersible granules or tablets, water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment, water-soluble granules or tablets, water-soluble seed treatment powders, and wettable powders. More specifically, the compositions are formulated as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, compacts, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples of composition types are suspensions (e.g., SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g., EC), emulsions (e.g., EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g., CS, ZC), pastes, lozenges, wettable powders or dusts (e.g., WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), compacts (e.g., BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g., WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e.g., LN), as well as gel formulations (e.g., GF) for the treatment of plant propagation material such as seeds.

[0102] In one embodiment, the formulation may contain an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant surfactant to enhance adhesion, wetting, and penetration of the composition into target weeds. These adjuvant surfactants may optionally be used as components of the formulation.

[0103] According to another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of making a synergistic composition for the control or removal of weeds and undesirable vegetation, comprising combining clethodim with at least one other herbicide.

[0104] According to another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of making a synergistic composition for controlling or eliminating weeds, comprising combining clethodim with an additional herbicide selected from a PPO inhibitor, an ACCase inhibitor, an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin regulatory pathway disruptor.

[0105] According to one embodiment, clethodim and an additional herbicide can be mixed at the time of application or at the point of application. Point of application refers to the locus of application of the herbicide. The locus can be the weed, an area adjacent to the weed, soil adapted to support the growth of the weed, the roots of the weed, and / or the leaves of the weed.

[0106] In another aspect, the present invention may provide a method for controlling weeds and undesirable vegetation in a locus, the method comprising: at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide; and at least one other herbicide selected from the group of a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase inhibitor), an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin regulatory pathway disruptor, or a combination thereof.

[0107] Yet another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a semiconductor device comprising: at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide; and at least one other herbicide selected from the group of a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase inhibitor), an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin regulatory pathway disruptor, or a combination thereof, can provide a method for increasing crop yield.

[0108] Another aspect of the invention can provide a method for improving plant health, the method comprising: at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide; and at least one other herbicide selected from the group of a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase inhibitor), an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin regulatory pathway disruptor, or a combination thereof.

[0109] The present invention also provides a method for the selective control of weeds. In one embodiment, the method comprises contacting a crop plant in need of weed control or at risk of undesirable vegetation with a composition of the present invention in an amount effective to provide weed control in the crop.

[0110] In particular embodiments, target applications for the present compositions are non-crop land, institutional land, forest land, orchards, vines, and fruit trees.

[0111] In one embodiment, weed removal is not limited to only agricultural or farmland, but also includes, but is not limited to, non-agricultural areas such as forest land, railroads, infrastructure, facilities, businesses, factories, roads and runways, sidewalks, highways, dividers, medians, pipelines, utility power lines, pumping stations, substations, transformer stations, airport perimeters, electric utilities, commercial buildings, manufacturing plants, storage yard, rail yard, hangar, hangar, fence lines, parking lots, landscaped roads, sedges, post-harvest crop fields, under greenhouse benches, and around golf courses.

[0112] According to another embodiment, the composition is suitable for controlling or eliminating undesirable vegetation and weeds in orchards, vines, and fruit trees, which may refer by way of example and without limitation to grapes, pome fruits, apples, stone fruits, olives, citrus fruits, and the like.

[0113] The herbicidal composition of the present invention may be applied to undesirable vegetation or to the locus where it grows. Furthermore, it can be applied at any time before or after the emergence of undesirable plants. Furthermore, the herbicidal composition of the present invention can be applied in various forms, such as soil application, foliage application, irrigation application, and underwater application, and can be applied to agricultural land such as fields, orchards, and rice paddies, as well as non-agricultural land such as field ridges, fallow land, sports fields, golf courses, vacant lots, forests, industrial sites, railroad tracks, and roadsides. Furthermore, application can be made to the plant's growing area, including reproductive parts of plants such as leaves, stems, stalks, flowers, buds, fruits, seeds, shoots, roots, tubers, tuberous roots, shoots, cuttings, and seeds, and vegetative plant materials such as cuttings and tubers (e.g., potatoes) that can be used for plant propagation. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, buds, and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants that are transplanted after germination or emergence from the soil, which can be protected before transplanting by total or partial treatment by immersion or injection.

[0114] The herbicidal combinations of the present invention are effective against corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, sorghum, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, buckwheat, beets, rapeseed, sunflower, sugarcane, and tobacco; and among vegetables, nightshade vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper, potato, and sugarcane; cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon, and squash; radish, turnip, and celery. Brassicaceae vegetables such as wasabi, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, mustard greens, broccoli, and cauliflower; Asteraceae vegetables such as burdock, chrysanthemum, artichoke, and lettuce; Liliaceae vegetables such as leeks, onions, garlic, and asparagus; Umbelliferae vegetables such as carrots, parsley, celery, and parsley; Chenopodiaceae vegetables such as spinach and chard; Lamiaceae vegetables such as perilla, mint, and basil; strawberries; Sweet potatoes, yams, taro, and other flowers, ornamental plants, lawn grass, and fruits, including pome fruits such as apples, pears, and quince; stone fruits such as peaches, plums, nectarines, plums, cherries, apricots, and prunes; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits; nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, and macadamia nuts; blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, and raspberries. The present invention can be used to target weeds in crops such as berries, grapes, persimmons, olives, plums, bananas, coffee, dates, coconuts, and other non-fruit trees; and trees such as tea, mulberry, flowering plants, ash, birch, dogwood, eucalyptus, ginkgo, lilac, maple, oak, poplar, Judas tree, liquidambar, sycamore, zelkova, juniper, fir, hemlock, juniper, pine, spruce, and yew.

[0115] According to one embodiment, the targeted weeds are grass weeds and broadleaf weeds.

[0116] According to one embodiment, weeds may be crop plants growing in unwanted non-agricultural areas, spaces and facilities as described in the previous embodiment.

[0117] The herbicidal compositions of the present invention are capable of controlling a wide range of undesirable plants, including annual and perennial weeds. Undesirable plants controlled by the herbicidal compositions of the present invention are, for example, in particular, Cyperaceae, such as green sedge (Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. var. leiolepis), sedges (Cyperus spp.) (e.g. Cyperus rotundus L., Cyperus difformis L., Cyperus esculentus L., or Cyperus microiria Steud.); Poaceae, such as barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L., Echinochloa oryzicola vasing.), large crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) (e.g. Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.), purple crabgrass (Digitaria violascens Link) or Digitaria horizontalis Willd.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.)), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.), goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.), sorghum (Sorghum spp.) (e.g., Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.)), oats (Avena spp.) (e.g., wild oat (Avena fatua L.)), annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), panicgrass (Panicum spp.) (guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) or bigleaf millet (Panicum dichotomiflorum (L.) Michx.)), signalgrass (Brachiaria spp.) (e.g., plantain signal grass (Brachiaria plantaginea (LINK) Hitchc.), palisade signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf) or Mauritius signal grass (Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf)), paspalum (Paspalum spp.), hornwort (Rottboellia cochinchinensis (LOUR.) W.D.Clayton) or seagrass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.); Scrophulariaceae, for example Veronica persica Poir. or Veronica arvensis L.; Asteraceae, for example Bidens spp. (e.g. Bidens pilosa L., Bidens frondosa L., Bidens frondosa L., Bidens frondosa (LOUR.) Merr. et Sherff or Bidens subalternans DC.), ragweed (Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq.), artemisia canadensis L., dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber), cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.), or ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.); legumes such as ragweed or ladle box (Crotalaria spp.) (e.g., sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.)), poison pea (Sesbania spp.) (e.g., Sesbania rostrata Bremek. & Oberm.), or Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), or arrowhead (Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. et. Arn.); Caryophyllaceae, for example Dutch earweed (Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.) or chickweed (Stellaria media L.); Euphorbiaceae, for example garden spurge (Euphorbia hirta L.), morel (Acalypha australis L.) or poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.); Plantaginaceae, for example plantain (Plantago asiatica L.); Oxalidaceae, for example wood sorrel (Oxalis corniculata L.); Apiaceae, for example lawn pennywort (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.); Violaceae, for example violet (Viola mandshurica W. Becker); Iridaceae, for example sisyrinchium (Sisyrinchium rosulatum Bicknell); Poaceae, for example geranium (Geranium carolinianum L.); Lamiaceae, for example lamb's foot (Lamium purpureum L.) or nightshade (Lamium amplexicaule L.); Malvaceae, for example velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti MEDIC.) or Sida spinosa L.; Convolvulaceae, for example, morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.), morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea ROTH), morning glory (Ipomoea guamoclit L.), (DAMMERMANN O'DONNELL, hairy merremia (Merremia aegyptia (L.) URBAN) or bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.); Chenopodiaceae, for example, lamb's quarter (Chenopodium album L.); Portulacaceae, for example, purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.); Cupressaceae, for example, ragweed (Amaranthus spp.) (for example, pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides S.Wats.), dogbane (Amaranthus lividus L.), purple amaranth (Amaranthus blitum L.), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L., Amaranthus patulus Bertol.), Powell's amaranth (Amaranthus powellii S.Wats.), slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S.Wats.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), tall water hemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer.), water hemp (Amaranthus tamariscinus Nutt.), hareweed (Amaranthus spinosus L.), black-spotted amaranth (Amaranthus quitensis Kunth.), or Amaranthus rudis Sauer.); Solanaceae, for example nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.); Polygonaceae, for example spotted knotweed (Polygonum lapathifolium L.) or green willow knotweed (Polygonum scabrum MOENCH); Brassicaceae, for example cardamine (Cardamine flexuosa) WITH.); Cucurbitaceae, such as ragwort (Sicyos angulatus L.); or Commelinaceae, such as dayflower (Commelina communis L.).

[0118] Furthermore, the herbicidal compositions of the present invention are effective against Cyperaceae, such as Cyperus rotundus L. or Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.); Poaceae, such as barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L., Echinochloa oryzicola vasing.), summergrass (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.), guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), signalgrass (Brachiaria spp.) or corngrass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.); Scrophulariaceae, such as Veronica persica Poir.); Asteraceae, for example Bidens pilosa L. or Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.; Fabaceae, for example Crotalaria juncea L., Sesbania rostrata Bremek. & Oberm. or Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. et Arn.; Euphorbiaceae, for example Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.); Malvaceae, for example Abutilon theophrasti MEDIC.; Convolvulaceae, for example Common morning glory or Common bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.); or Cupressaceae, for example Amaranthus retroflexus L.), which are problematic as noxious weeds in agricultural fields such as fields and orchards, as well as in non-agricultural areas such as golf courses, railroad tracks, and roadsides.

[0119] Target weeds include Taraxacum officinale Weber (dandelion, TAROF), Galium aparine (cleaver, GALAP), Stellaria media (chickweed, STEME), Senecio sp. (groundsweet, SENSS), Veronica sp. (perishable, VERSS), Phalaris sp. (canary grass, PHASS), Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (blackgrass, ALOMY), Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth, AMAPA), Amaranthus retroflexus (amaranth, AMARE), Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth, AMAVI), Avena fatua (wild oat, AVEFA), Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. or Urochloa decumbens (Stapf), Brachiaria brizantha or Urochloa brizantha, Brachiaria platyphylla (Groseb.) Nash or Urochloa platyphylla (broadleaf signal grass, BRAPP), Brachiaria plantaginea. or Urochloa plantaginea (Alexander grass, BRAPL), Bromus sp. or Anisantha sp. (brome grass, BROSS), Convolvulus arvensis (Common bindweed, CONAR), Cenchrus echinatus (Sinner moth, CENEC), Digitaria sp. (Crabgrass, DIGSS), Echinochloa crus-galli (Echinochloa grass, ECHCG), Echinochloa colonum (Echinochloa grass, ECHCO), Eleusine indica Gaertn. (Goosegrass, ELEIN), Elymus repens (Quackgrass, AGREE), Geranium sp. (cranesbill, GERSS), Lolium multiflorum Lam. (mouse wheat, LOLMU), Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. (big catkin, PANDI), Panicummiliaceum L. (wild millet, PANMI), Poa sp. (meadowgrass, POASS), Sesbania exaltata (hempsebania, SEBEX), Setaria faberi Herrm. (foxtail grass, SETFA), Setaria sp. (foxtail grass, SETSS), Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass, SORHA), Sorghum bicolor, Moench ssp., Arundinaceum (sorghum, SORVU), Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge, CYPES), Cyperus rotundus (nutsedge, CYPRO), Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf, ABUTH), Amaranthus species (amaranth species, AMASS), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (ragweed, AMBEL), Ambrosia psilostachya DC. (ragweed, AMBPS), Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed, AMBTR), Anoda cristata (Anoda cristata, ANVCR), Asclepias syriaca (giant milkweed, ASCSY), Bidens pilosa (broadleaf ragweed, BIDPI), Borreria species (BOISS), Borreria alata or Spermacoce alata Aubl or Spermacoce latifolia (broadleaf giant ragweed, BOILF), Chenopodium album L (lamb's quarter, CHEAL), Cirsium arvense (thorn thistle, CIRAR), Commelina benghalensis (common morning glory, COMBE), Datura stramonium (white morning glory, DATST), Daucus carota (wild carrot, DAUCA), Euphorbia Euphorbia heterophylla (false jasmine, EPHHL), Euphorbia hirta or Chamaesyce hirta (shrimpweed, EPHHI), Euphorbia dentata Michx (toothed spurge, EPHDE), Erigeronbonariensis or Conyza bonariensis (ragweed, ERIBO), Erigeron canadensis or Conyza canadensis (artemisweet, ERICA), Conyza sumatrensis (large ragweed, ERIFL), Helianthus annuus (sunflower, HELAN), Jacquemontia tamnifolia (small-flowered morning glory, IAQTA), Ipomoea hederacea (American morning glory, IPOHE), Ipomoea lacunosa (white morning glory, IPOLA), Lactuca serriola (spiny lettuce, LACSE), Malva species (mallow, MALSS), Portulaca oleracea (purslane, POROL), Richardia species (pussley, RCHSS), Salsola tragus (Russian thistle, SASKR), Sida species (Sida, SIDSS), Sida spinosa (Spined (Sida, SIDSP), Sinapis arvensis (Wild mustard, SINAR), Sonchus sp. (Sonchus, SONSS), Solanum ptychanthum (American nightshade, SOLPT), Tridax procumbens (Little daisy, TRQPR), Rumex dentatus (RUMDE), or Xanthium strumarium (Coxbur, XANST).

[0120] In one embodiment, the target grass weeds are selected from LOLSS, BROSS, ECHSS, DIGSS, and SETSS.

[0121] In one embodiment, the targeted dicotyledonous weeds are ERISS, GERSS, Selected from Sonchus sp., CONAR, and Malva sp.

[0122] In certain embodiments, a synergistic effect of a compound combination or composition according to the present invention exists when applied individually either pre- or post-emergence to a given weed.

[0123] These combinations or compositions described above can be applied to the locus of the weeds in a herbicidally effective amount.

[0124] In one embodiment, the total amount of cyclohexanedione herbicide in the composition can range from 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 80% by weight.

[0125] In one embodiment, the effective amount of the active ingredient, preferably clethodim, is in the range of about 5% to 50% by weight, in particular in the range of about 5% to 35% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

[0126] In one embodiment, the compositions of the invention comprise clethodim in an amount ranging from 50 g / L to 500 g / L.

[0127] In one embodiment, the compositions of the invention comprise clethodim in an amount ranging from 50 g / L to 400 g / L.

[0128] In one embodiment, the compositions of the invention comprise clethodim in an amount ranging from 50 g / L to 300 g / L.

[0129] In one embodiment, the compositions of the invention comprise clethodim in an amount ranging from 80 g / L to 300 g / L.

[0130] The total amount of the second active ingredient in the composition may range from 0.1 to 99% by weight.

[0131] In one embodiment, the effective amount of active compound used in the composition may vary depending on the type of formulation.

[0132] According to one embodiment, the components of the composition of the present disclosure can be applied separately or as part of a multi-part herbicide system. The components can be applied as a ready-mix or tank mix. The components can be applied sequentially in any order, or together as a premix or tank mix. The components demonstrate synergistic effects when applied in any manner.

[0133] In one embodiment, the compositions of the invention comprise clethodim and at least one herbicide selected from carfentrazone or carfentrazone-ethyl, or pyraflufen or pyraflufen-ethyl.

[0134] In one embodiment, clethodim may be used for weed control at a dose of 10 to 1000 g ai / ha, preferably 20 to 800 g ai / ha.

[0135] In one embodiment, carfentrazone or carfentrazone-ethyl may be used for weed control at a dose of 1 to 500 g ai / ha, preferably 5 to 200 g / ha.

[0136] In one embodiment, pyraflufen or pyraflufen-ethyl can be used to control weeds at a dose of 1 to 500 g ai / ha, preferably 5 to 200 g ai / ha.

[0137] According to one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of using a synergistic composition comprising clethodim and at least one other herbicide for the control or elimination of weeds and undesirable vegetation.

[0138] According to one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of using a synergistic composition comprising clethodim and at least one additional herbicide selected from a PPO inhibitor, an ACCase inhibitor, an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin regulatory pathway disruptor for the control or elimination of weeds.

[0139] According to one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of applying a synergistic composition comprising clethodim and at least one other herbicide to a locus of target plants or weeds and undesirable vegetation.

[0140] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of applying a synergistic composition comprising clethodim and an additional herbicide selected from a PPO inhibitor, an ACCase inhibitor, an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin-regulatory pathway disruptor to the locus of a target plant or weed.

[0141] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for reducing or eradicating nuisance caused by undesirable vegetation, comprising applying a synergistic composition comprising clethodim and at least one other herbicide.

[0142] One embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for reducing or eradicating disturbances caused by undesirable vegetation, comprising applying a synergistic composition comprising clethodim and an additional herbicide selected from a PPO inhibitor, an ACCase inhibitor, an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin-regulated pathway disruptor.

[0143] In one embodiment, the present invention provides the use of a synergistic composition comprising clethodim and at least one other herbicide selected from pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, carfentrazone, or carfentrazone-ethyl for the control or elimination of weeds.

[0144] In another embodiment, the present invention provides for the use of a synergistic composition comprising clethodim and at least one other herbicide selected from pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, carfentrazone, or carfentrazone-ethyl for the control or removal of weeds from non-crop land, facilities, orchards, vines, and fruit trees.

[0145] According to another specific embodiment, the present invention includes a method for controlling or eliminating weeds from non-crop land, facilities, orchards, vines, and fruit trees comprising applying a synergistic composition comprising clethodim and at least one other herbicide selected from pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, carfentrazone, or carfentrazone-ethyl.

[0146] In one embodiment, the herbicidal composition is effectively applied to the locus of undesirable vegetation in an amount ranging from about 0.01 L / ha to 20 L / ha, preferably from about 0.5 L / ha to 10 L / ha.

[0147] Preferably, the combination or composition can be applied either pre- or post-emergence. The advantage of the combination is the surprisingly good residual effect when applied pre-emergence, as well as the rapid knockdown when applied post-emergence, resulting in rapid control of weeds.

[0148] The above combination can be applied by spraying it onto the field where the target weeds are growing and spreading.

[0149] The combinations of the present invention provide effective control of certain broadleaf weeds in both pre-emergent and post-emergent conditions.

[0150] The combination is applied to control certain broadleaf weeds in the pre-emergent state.

[0151] The compositions of the present invention can be conveniently prepared in a concentrated or ready-to-use form.

[0152] The compositions can be applied to the locus by the use of conventional ground sprayers, granulators, watering (drenching), drip irrigation, spraying, misting, broadcasting, dusting, foaming, painting, aerial spraying, aerial dusting, methods utilizing application with modern technology such as, but not limited to, drones, robotics, and other conventional means known to those skilled in the art.

[0153] One embodiment of the present invention provides a kit of parts containing the herbicidal mixture described herein, or its components. Such kits may contain, in addition to the active components described above, one or more additional active and / or inert ingredients, either within the provided herbicidal composition or separately.

[0154] Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a multi-component kit comprising a first component of at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide and a second component of at least one other herbicide selected from the group consisting of a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase inhibitor), an ALS inhibitor, or an auxin-regulated pathway disruptor, and combinations thereof.

[0155] In another embodiment, the multi-ingredient kit further comprises one or more additional ingredients, including one or more active components and / or inactive ingredients. The active ingredients and / or inactive ingredients referred to herein refer to the additional active ingredients and pesticidally acceptable carriers, respectively, described in the previous embodiments.

[0156] In one embodiment, the multi-component kit includes instructions that instruct the user to mix the components prior to use, the components, when mixed together, producing a synergistic herbicidal mixture.

[0157] The present invention also provides a method for the selective control of weeds. In one embodiment, the method comprises contacting a crop plant in need of weed control or at risk of undesirable weeds with a composition of the present invention in an amount effective to provide weed control in the crop.

[0158] The herbicidal activity of the compound combination can be seen from the following examples. That is, the combination of the present invention has a synergistic effect. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described herein.

[0159] As used herein, all numerical values ​​or ranges of values ​​include integers within such ranges and fractional portions of such values, or integers within such ranges, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to a range of 90% to 100% includes 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 95%, 97%, etc., as well as 91.1%, 91.2%, 91.3%, 91.4%, 91.5%, etc., 92.1%, 92.2%, 92.3%, 92.4%, 92.5%, etc.

[0160] The present invention is generally disclosed using affirmative language to describe numerous embodiments. The present invention also specifically includes embodiments in which certain subject matter, such as substances or materials, method steps and conditions, protocols, procedures, assays, or analyses, is completely or partially excluded. Thus, the present invention is disclosed herein, although not generally expressed herein as not including aspects not expressly included in the present invention. Many embodiments of the present invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the following examples are intended to illustrate, but not limit, the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.

[0161] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. While the foregoing description of the invention will enable one skilled in the art to make and use what is believed to be the best mode herein, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents to the specific embodiments, methods, and examples herein. Accordingly, the present invention should not be limited by the embodiments, methods, and examples described above, but rather by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the present invention. [Example]

[0162] Example 1 Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination, clethodim and carfentrazone-ethyl, for the control of annual weeds and dicotyledonous plants in perennial crops.

[0163] Targeted grass weeds: LOLSS, BROSS, ECHSS, DIGSS, SETSS Targeted dicotyledonous weeds: ERISS, GERSS, Sonchus sp., CONAR, Malva sp. (application at rosette stage, before stem elongation, before flowering, before ground cover) Application rate: 300L / ha

[0164] The Colby equation was used to determine the expected herbicidal effect of the mixtures (see Colby, SR Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic response of herbicide combinations. Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22).

[0165] The following formula was used to calculate the predicted activity of a mixture containing two active ingredients, A and B: Expected value = A + B - (A × B / 100) A = observed efficacy of active component A at the same concentration as used in the mixture. B = observed efficacy of active component B at the same concentration as used in the mixture. The ability of the compositions described herein to provide suitable weed control is demonstrated by the efficacy data in Tables 3-10.

[0166] The biological activity observed for the synergistic mixture of clethodim and carfentrazone (carfentrazone-ethyl) when applied to Digitaria sanguinalis DIGSA (n=2) at 56-59 DAA is presented in the table below.

[0167] [Table 1]

[0168] The biological activity observed for the synergistic mixture of clethodim and carfentrazone when applied to Echinochloa crus-galli ECHCG (n=2) at 56-59 DAA is presented in the table below.

[0169] [Table 2]

[0170] The biological activity observed for the synergistic mixture of clethodim and carfentrazone when applied to Lolium multiflorum LOLMU (n=2) at 56-59 DAA is presented in the table below.

[0171] [Table 3]

[0172] The biological activity observed for the synergistic mixture of clethodim and carfentrazone when applied to Setaria pumila SETPU (n=1) at 56-59 DAA is presented in the table below.

[0173] [Table 4]

[0174] Biological activity observed in synergistic mixtures of clethodim and carfentrazone upon application to Sonchus oleraceus SONOL (n=2) at 14-15 DAA.

[0175] [Table 5]

[0176] Biological activity observed in synergistic mixtures of clethodim and carfentrazone when applied to Convolvulus arvensis CONAR (n=2) at 14-15 DAA.

[0177] [Table 6]

[0178] Biological activity observed in synergistic mixtures of clethodim and carfentrazone upon application to Portulaca oleracea POROL (n=1) at 14 DAA.

[0179] [Table 7]

[0180] Biological activity observed for synergistic mixtures of clethodim and carfentrazone upon application to Senecio vulgaris SENVU (n=1) at 14 DAA.

[0181] [Table 8]

[0182] Good efficacy was observed on most broadleaf weeds, with symptoms appearing as early as three days after application. The highest and most rapid control was observed on annual broadleaf weeds compared to perennial weeds. Efficacy increased over time, peaking at 14-15 DAA for most weeds.

[0183] It is therefore concluded that the combinations or compositions of the present invention are effective in controlling targeted weeds.

[0184] Example 2 Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination, clethodim and pyraflufen (pyraflufen-ethyl), against difficult annual and perennial weeds on apple trees. The results of the trials are presented in the table below.

[0185] [Table 9]

[0186] It was concluded that the combination of clethodim and pyraflufen is highly effective in controlling difficult annual and perennial weeds.

[0187] Example 3 Clethodim and pyraflufen-ethyl were tested on table grapes as individual applications, premixes, and tank-mix combinations. The products were formulated as EC formulations and compared with glufosinate SC. Treatment efficacy against Setaria weeds was determined 28 days after treatment.

[0188] [Table 10]

[0189] From the above table, it is clear that clethodim and pyraflufen-ethyl exert a synergistic effect in weed control. It is also noteworthy that the effect produced by the combination of clethodim and pyraflufen-ethyl (tank-mix or pre-mix) is more pronounced than glufosinate treatment at a lower rate of active ingredient. This provides an ecological advantage in that less chemical application is required in the field.

[0190] Example 4 Pot trials with clethodim, pyraflufen-ethyl, and their combinations (premix and tan-mix) were conducted on green foxtail, crabgrass, and silvergrass.

[0191] [Table 11]

[0192] [Table 12]

[0193] [Table 13]

[0194] From the above table it is clear that clethodim and pyraflufen-ethyl exert a synergistic effect in controlling weeds.

[0195] Example 5 Clethodim + carfentrazone 120 + 20 g / l EC was formulated as follows:

[0196] [Table 14]

Claims

1. Clethodim and at least one other herbicide selected from the group consisting of carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, pyraflufen, and pyraflufen-ethyl; 1. A synergistic herbicide combination composition comprising:

2. Clethodim and at least one other herbicide selected from the group consisting of carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, pyraflufen, and pyraflufen-ethyl; at least one pesticidally acceptable carrier; A synergistic composition comprising:

3. 10. A method of making the synergistic composition of claim 2 for the control or removal of weeds and undesirable vegetation, said method comprising combining clethodim with at least one other herbicide selected from the group consisting of carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, pyraflufen, and pyraflufen-ethyl.

4. 10. A method for controlling weeds and undesirable vegetation in a locus, comprising applying to said locus the synergistic herbicide combination composition of claim 1.

5. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein clethodim is applied at a rate of 10 to 1000 g / ha and carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, pyraflufen, or pyraflufen-ethyl is applied at a rate of 1 to 500 g / ha.

6. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the synergistic herbicide combination composition is applied pre-emergently, post-emergently, or both.

7. A first component which is clethodim; a second component which is at least one other herbicide selected from the group consisting of carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, pyraflufen, and pyraflufen-ethyl; A multi-component kit including:

8. The multi-component kit of claim 7, further comprising one or more additional components, including one or more active and / or inactive ingredients.

9. 8. The multi-component kit of claim 7, wherein the first and second components produce a synergistic mixture when combined together.

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