Wooden building materials, wooden building units, buildings and their manufacturing methods

Abstract

To provide woody building materials used for a building moveable with a truck, a trailer, and the like or moveable through forming by connecting multiple panels and units at a construction site.SOLUTION: Woody building materials are used for a building by connecting a plurality of woody building materials through a pre-stressed construction method, wherein the woody building material includes laminated lumber, as well as a fiber reinforced resin reinforcement material penetrating through the laminated lumber in a longitudinal direction and at least two metal reinforcement materials in a hollow shape penetrating through the laminated lumbar in the longitudinal direction, the fiber reinforced resin reinforcement material includes a reinforcement fiber and matrix resin oriented in the longitudinal direction, and the at least two of the metal reinforcement materials in the hollow shape are used to accommodate a tendon on which tension is applied to connect a plurality of woody building material through the pre-stressed construction method.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a wooden building material, a wooden unit for building, a building, and a method for manufacturing the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, in wooden construction, there are unit construction and panel construction methods that aim to shorten construction time, reduce the amount of work at the construction site, stabilize quality, etc. The unit construction method is a type of prefabricated construction method in which box-shaped units such as room units of a building are produced in a factory and assembled on site, while the panel construction method is a type of prefabricated construction method in which structural components such as floors and walls of a building are produced in a factory and assembled on site as panels. Furthermore, wooden system building construction methods have been proposed for the wooden framework construction method and the wooden storehouse construction method, aiming to shorten construction time and reduce costs, etc. (for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] However, although these construction methods generally have the advantage of shorter construction times than the conventional framework construction methods commonly used for wooden houses, the connections between units and panels are made at the construction site by bolting, nailing, metal joints, adhesives, etc., so there is a need to further shorten the construction time and reduce the amount of work at the construction site.In addition, in cases where the purpose is basically short-term use, such as temporary housing, it is not easy to disassemble and reuse the assembled units and panels.

[0004] Furthermore, a mobile building that is easy to move has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 2). In Patent Document 2, the floor is equipped with casters for movement, and the building is fixed with weights without using foundations, resulting in a structure that makes it easy to move. Therefore, it has a simple structure and is considered suitable for use as a temporary store or residence, but it is difficult to say that sufficient safety is ensured in the event of an earthquake, etc.

[0005] On the other hand, long wooden building materials with excellent rigidity and strength have been proposed, in which laminated wooden timber reinforced with reinforcing materials is joined in the longitudinal direction without impairing its physical properties (for example, Patent Document 3). Patent Document 3 proposes a wooden building material in which at least two laminated wooden timber pieces are joined in the longitudinal direction by applying tension to a tension member that passes through the laminated wooden timber, but does not suggest anything about a building that uses this wooden building material and that can be easily assembled, disassembled, and reused. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-190577 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-37743 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-133212 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] As lifestyles have diversified and changed in recent years, there has been a growing demand for homes that are not necessarily tied to a specific piece of land.Until now, there have been trailer homes, which are buildings large enough to fit on a trailer and can be moved around, but there have been no strong wooden buildings that are too large to fit on a trailer and can be easily assembled, disassembled, reused, and moved from the units and panels that make them up.

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a wooden building material that can be used for a movable building by connecting a plurality of panels or units at a construction site, which can be transported by truck, trailer, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] That is, the present invention provides: (1) A wooden building material used to connect multiple wooden building materials to form a building using a prestressing method, the wooden building material comprising: a laminated timber; a fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement that penetrates the laminated timber in the longitudinal direction; and at least two metal hollow tubular reinforcements that penetrate the laminated timber in the longitudinal direction, the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement being made of reinforcing fibers oriented in the longitudinal direction and a matrix resin, and at least two of the metal hollow tubular reinforcements being used to house tensioned tendons that connect multiple wooden building materials using a prestressing method.

[0010] The present invention also provides (2) A wooden unit used to connect multiple wooden units using a prestressing method to form a building, the wooden unit including a wooden beam and a wooden base material, the wooden beam being the wooden building material described in (1) above, and the wooden base material having a hollow portion passing through in the longitudinal direction and used to accommodate tension members.

[0011] The present invention also provides (3) A building comprising at least two wooden building units as described in (2) above, wherein at least two of the wooden building units are placed in the hollow portions of the wooden beams and / or wooden base materials of the wooden building units and are connected by tensioned tendons.

[0012] The present invention further comprises: (4) A method for manufacturing a building, comprising the steps of: arranging at least two wooden building units described in (2) above so that the hollow portions of the wooden beams and / or wooden base materials of the wooden building units are continuous; placing tension members in the hollow portions of the wooden beams and / or wooden base materials of the wooden building units; and applying tension to the tension members to fix at least two wooden building units in a connected state. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide wooden building materials that can be used in movable buildings by connecting multiple panels or units at a construction site, which can be transported by truck, trailer, etc. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wooden building material. [Figure 2] FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a test specimen of Example 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a side view of the test specimen of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0016] [Laminated wood] Laminated timber is a wood material made by gluing together pieces of wood material (wood lamina) with adhesive. The lamina are made from a single piece of wood, or long planks or small pieces of timber cut in the direction of the wood's grain. These lamina are stacked with their grain parallel to each other and then glued together with adhesive.

[0017] In the present invention, in order to reinforce the laminated timber, a fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material and a hollow metal tubular reinforcing material are contained within the laminated timber, and these fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material and hollow metal tubular reinforcing material are arranged so that the length direction of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material and hollow metal tubular reinforcing material is parallel to the length direction of the fibers of the lamina.

[0018] It is preferable that the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing lamina (lamina containing fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material) in the laminated lumber and the grain direction of the wood lamina coincide with the fiber direction of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material. In other words, it is preferable that the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material and the wood lamina are bonded together so that their fiber directions are parallel. An example of a cross section (a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wooden building material, hereinafter simply referred to as "cross section") of the wooden building material of the present invention is shown in Figure 1.

[0019] [Fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material] The fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material comprises reinforcing fibers oriented in the longitudinal direction thereof and a matrix resin, with at least a portion, and preferably all, of the reinforcing fibers being encapsulated in the matrix resin.

[0020] [Reinforcing fiber] The reinforcing fibers constituting the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material are fibers with strength suitable for reinforcing wood. Since the wooden building material of the present invention is used as a component for building structures, it is preferable that its strength does not decrease even in the event of a fire. For this reason, the reinforcing fibers are preferably organic fibers or inorganic fibers with a melting point or glass transition temperature of 200°C or higher. In either case, it is preferable that the fibers be continuous fibers.

[0021] Examples of reinforcing fibers include carbon fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers (aramid fibers), polyarylate fibers, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazal fibers, polyphenylene sulfide fibers, polyimide fibers, tetrafluoroethylene fibers, and glass fibers, and carbon fibers, glass fibers, or aromatic polyamide fibers are preferably used. These reinforcing fibers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of the reinforcing fibers, carbon fibers are particularly preferred, and of the carbon fibers, acrylonitrile-based carbon fibers obtained by baking polyacrylonitrile-based fibers are most preferred.

[0022] As the carbon fiber, carbon fiber having a nitrogen content of 0.1 to 15% by weight, a tensile strength of 2500 to 7000 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 150 to 700 GPa is preferred, and carbon fiber having a nitrogen content of 3 to 10% by weight, a tensile strength of 3500 MPa or more, and an elastic modulus of 200 to 350 GPa is preferred.

[0023] From the viewpoint of adhesive strength with the matrix resin, the oxygen / carbon ratio on the carbon fiber surface measured with an ESCA surface analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) is preferably 0.1 / 1 to 0.3 / 1, more preferably 0.15 / 1 to 0.25 / 1.

[0024] From the viewpoint of adhesiveness to the matrix resin, the diameter of the reinforcing fiber is preferably 5 to 9 μm. The reinforcing fiber is preferably a fiber bundle. The fiber bundle preferably has 1,000 to 300,000 single yarns. The fiber bundle may be widened to a desired shape.

[0025] In the present invention, the reinforcing fibers, together with the matrix resin, constitute a fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material. The form of the reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material can be various, such as a UD substrate in which the fibers are aligned in one direction, a combination of these in two or more directions, a woven fabric, or a nonwoven fabric, and can be designed according to the required strength.

[0026] From the viewpoint of balancing actual performance and cost, the reinforcing fibers are preferably used as a UD substrate in which the reinforcing fibers are aligned in one direction, and the UD substrate is preferably a UD substrate in which carbon fibers, which have high tensile strength, tensile modulus, and heat resistance, are aligned in one direction.

[0027] The reinforcing fibers are preferably oriented in the longitudinal direction of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material. The reinforcing fibers are preferably continuous fibers. By using such a fiber configuration, the reinforcing effect of the fibers can be more effectively exerted.

[0028] [Matrix resin] The matrix resin constituting the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material is preferably a thermosetting resin so as not to cause a decrease in strength in the event of a fire. Examples of thermosetting resins include phenolic resins, epoxy resins, and vinyl ester resins, among which vinyl ester resins are preferred from the viewpoints of physical properties, processability, and final adhesiveness to wood.

[0029] [Physical properties of fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing materials] The volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers to the matrix resin in the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material is preferably 40 / 60 to 60 / 40. The density of the reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material is preferably 10,000 to 18,000 fibers / mm in the cross section in the longitudinal direction. 2 is.

[0030] For fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing materials, it is important to balance the tensile and compressive properties in the fiber direction from the viewpoint of reinforcing the bending properties of wooden building materials. On the other hand, it is important that the compressive strength of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material is smaller than the tensile strength from the viewpoint of preventing brittle fracture of wooden building materials reinforced with the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material.

[0031] From these viewpoints, the tensile strength of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material is preferably 500 to 5,000 MPa, more preferably 1,000 to 4,500 MPa. The compressive strength is preferably lower than the tensile strength and is 100 to 5,000 N / mm, more preferably lower than the tensile strength and is 500 to 4,500 N / mm.

[0032] [Cross-sectional shape of fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material] The cross-sectional shape of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material is preferably rectangular. In contrast, a circular cross-sectional shape is undesirable because it is likely to create gaps between the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material and the wood portion, reducing the adhesion between them.

[0033] The fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material may be a hollow tubular reinforcement material. In this case, each fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material may have one or more hollow portions. By making the tubular reinforcement material hollow, the mechanical properties of the tubular reinforcement material can be optimally controlled by changing the wall thickness of the tubular reinforcement material while keeping the outer dimensions of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material fixed, and the weight of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material can be reduced by avoiding the use of excessive reinforcing fibers or matrix resin.

[0034] When the cross section of the tubular reinforcing material is rectangular, the dimensions of the cross section are preferably such that the outer dimension of the short side is 10 to 50 mm and the outer dimension of the long side is 10 to 500 mm, and more preferably such that the outer dimension of the short side is 15 to 45 mm and the outer dimension of the long side is 15 to 400 mm. From a manufacturing perspective, it is preferable that the outer dimension of the short side of the tubular reinforcing material is the same as or smaller than the thickness of the wood lamina that makes up the laminated lumber.

[0035] [Position of fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement] The fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing materials in the wooden building material of the present invention are preferably arranged such that multiple fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing materials are arranged equidistant from the center of the cross section of the wooden building material, or such that multiple fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing materials are arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the center of the laminated wood lumber. It is particularly preferred that two, four, or six fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing materials are arranged equidistant from the center of the cross section of the wooden building material.

[0036] By arranging the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement materials at positions equidistant from the center of the cross section of the wooden building material, the rigidity of the wooden building material can be effectively improved. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of the second moment of area, it is preferable that the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement materials be arranged close to the top and bottom surfaces of the wooden building material, and this arrangement is particularly preferable when the wooden building material is used as a beam. Furthermore, in order to prevent the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement materials from being visible from above or below the wooden building material, it is preferable that the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement materials be arranged inside the wooden building material.

[0037] The number of fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing materials can be designed as needed. For example, if the cross section of a wooden building material is long in the vertical direction, such as a beam, there may be two reinforcing materials, one above and one below the center of the cross section of the wooden building material, or each of the one above and one below may be replaced with two or three reinforcing materials lined up on the left and right.

[0038] 〔glue〕 The fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material is integrated into the laminated timber. This integration is preferably achieved using an adhesive. Any adhesive, such as an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive, can be used as long as it can bond wood and a matrix resin.

[0039] The use of water-soluble polymer-isocyanate adhesives or resorcinol adhesives, which are used in the production of laminated timber, is preferred to reduce process costs. The bonding method can be selected based on the reactivity of the adhesive, and can be either pressing at room temperature or bonding for a short time using high frequency. To further enhance the bonding effect, it is also useful to create irregularities on the surface of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material to increase the bonding area.

[0040] [Metal hollow tubular reinforcement] The metal hollow tubular reinforcement is placed inside the wooden building material, and a tension member is placed inside the metal hollow tubular reinforcement and passes through it. Tension is applied to the tension member, and a compressive force is applied in the axial direction of the metal hollow tubular reinforcement.

[0041] For this reason, the metal hollow tubular reinforcing member must be made of a material strong enough to resist the compressive force. Therefore, the material for the metal hollow tubular reinforcing member is selected from materials that have superior compressive strength and rigidity to wood building materials. Examples of the material include iron, aluminum, carbon steel, and stainless steel, with carbon steel and stainless steel being preferred, and carbon steel being particularly preferred.

[0042] The wood building material of the present invention includes at least two hollow tubular metal reinforcements. If there were only one hollow tubular metal reinforcement, the tendon would be located in only one place, making it difficult to apply a strong tension to the tendon in a balanced manner.

[0043] At least two of the hollow tubular metal reinforcements are used to house tensioned tendons for connecting multiple wooden building materials using a prestressing method. If only one hollow tubular metal reinforcement is used to house the tendons, the tendons are only present in one location, making it difficult to apply a strong tension to the tendons in a balanced manner.

[0044] The metal hollow tubular reinforcing material can be contained in the laminated lumber in the following manner: in the process of manufacturing the laminated lumber, a groove or long hole is formed in advance in the wood lamina corresponding to the position where the metal hollow tubular reinforcing material will be contained, so that the metal hollow tubular reinforcing material can be placed; and when the wood lamina are stacked and glued together, the metal hollow tubular body is sandwiched in the groove or long hole.

[0045] The hollow tubular metal reinforcing material may be inserted into a longitudinal hole in the laminated lumber after lamination. The hole may be created after or during the manufacture of the laminated lumber. The hollow tubular metal reinforcing material may or may not be bonded to the wooden building material with an adhesive.

[0046] [Cross-sectional shape of metal hollow tubular reinforcing material] The shape of the tubular body may be rectangular or circular, from the viewpoint that when tension is applied to the tendon passed through the hollow tubular metal reinforcing member, the hollow tubular metal reinforcing member will resist the tension with its compressive force. When the hollow tubular metal reinforcing member is inserted into the cross section of the wooden building material after its manufacture, the shape of the tubular body is preferably circular.

[0047] The internal shape of a metal hollow tubular reinforcement can be any shape. For example, if the external shape has a circular cross section and the internal (hollow) section has a rectangular cross section, the metal hollow tubular reinforcement can be designed with a large wall thickness, which is an effective way to increase the compressive strength of the metal hollow tubular reinforcement.

[0048] When the outer shape of a metal hollow tubular reinforcement has a circular cross section, and the inside of the tube (hollow portion) also has a circular cross section, and the two are concentric, the wall thickness of the metal hollow tubular reinforcement is preferably 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 2 to 5 mm. A wall thickness thinner than this is undesirable, as it may cause buckling failure of the metal hollow tubular reinforcement when tension is applied to the tendons passed through the tube of the metal hollow tubular reinforcement, and may not be able to exhibit sufficient resistance to the compressive force applied to the metal hollow tubular reinforcement. On the other hand, a wall thickness thicker than this limits the diameter of the tendons passed through the metal hollow tubular reinforcement, or if the metal hollow tubular reinforcement itself is thickened to avoid this, it may significantly increase the weight of the wood building material, which is undesirable.

[0049] [Arrangement of hollow metal tubular reinforcement] The preferred arrangement of metal hollow tubular reinforcing members in wooden building materials is such that multiple metal hollow tubular reinforcing members are arranged at equal distances from the center of the cross section of the wooden building material, and more preferably such that multiple metal hollow tubular reinforcing members are arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the center of the cross section. In these cases, the tension member passes through a position that is off the center of the cross section.

[0050] In particular, an embodiment in which two or four tubular materials are arranged at equal distances from the center of the cross section is preferred. By arranging the metal hollow tubular reinforcing members at equal distances from the center, a compressive force can be applied more uniformly to the cross section when tension is applied to the tendons passed through the tubes of the metal hollow tubular reinforcing members.

[0051] From the viewpoint of increasing the second moment of area of ​​the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement, the metal hollow tubular reinforcement is preferably positioned closer to the center of the cross section than the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement.

[0052] The number of hollow tubular metal reinforcements can be designed as needed. For example, if a wooden building material used as a beam has a long cross section in the vertical direction, there may be two reinforcements, one above the center of the cross section and one below, or each of the upper and lower reinforcements may be replaced with two reinforcements arranged side by side or one above and one below. The design can be made taking into account the cross-sectional area of ​​the wooden building material and the cross-sectional area of ​​the hollow tubular metal reinforcement.

[0053] [Connecting wooden building materials] The wooden building materials of the present invention are used as buildings by connecting multiple wooden building materials using a prestressing method. As a method for connecting multiple wooden building materials using a prestressing method, a method used in general prestressing concrete construction can be used.

[0054] For example, two wooden building materials, each having a hollow tubular metal reinforcement member inserted into it that runs longitudinally, can be arranged so that the hollow tubular metal reinforcement members are aligned in the same line, and tension members can be passed through metal plates placed at both ends of the wooden building materials and the inside of the hollow tubular metal reinforcement members, tension can be applied to the tension members using a tension fixing device, and then wedge hardware can be attached to prevent the tension members from loosening.

[0055] [Tension material] Tendons can be PC steel wires, PC steel strands, PC steel rods, and other PC steel materials commonly used in general prestressed concrete. Tendons with high tensile strength and creep resistance can also be used, as can FRP (fiber-reinforced plastics) rods, fiber ropes, and fiber cables made from high-performance fibers such as carbon fiber, aromatic polyamide fiber (aramid fiber), polyarylate fiber, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazal fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polyimide fiber, tetrafluoroethylene fiber, and glass fiber. The thickness of the tendon can be selected depending on the tension to be applied.

[0056] The tendons are installed in a manner that passes through the tubes of the hollow tubular metal reinforcement in the longitudinal direction. The hollow tubular metal reinforcement through which the tendons pass may be passed through the center of the cross section of the wooden building material, but it is preferable to pass multiple tendons through at positions equidistant from the center and point-symmetrical with respect to the center.

[0057] For example, in order to apply tension in a balanced manner, when four metal hollow tubular reinforcing members are arranged equidistant from the center of the cross section of a wooden building material and at positions symmetrical about the center, it is preferable to pass a tensioning member through all four metal hollow tubular reinforcing members. The number of tensioning members that can be passed through each metal hollow tubular reinforcing member may be one or more.

[0058] [Prestress] When joining wooden building materials using the prestressing method, it is important to apply tension to the tendons by applying compressive force from both ends of the wooden building materials via metal plates at the ends of the wooden building materials to press the wooden building materials together. By achieving high pressure bonding, the joint between one wooden building material and the other wooden building material can be made closer to a single unit, improving the bending properties of the joint.

[0059] The tension applied to each tendon is, for example, 10 to 300 kN, preferably 30 to 250 kN. If the tension is less than 10 kN, the wooden building materials will not be sufficiently crimped together, and the joints between the wooden building materials may not exhibit sufficient rigidity or strength. On the other hand, if the tension exceeds 300 kN, the ends of the wooden building materials that are subjected to compression or the joint surfaces between the crimped wooden building materials may sink in and fail, resulting in the risk of the wooden building materials of the present invention not exhibiting sufficient rigidity or strength at the joints.

[0060] The wooden building materials of the present invention can be joined together by applying prestress by passing the tension member through a hollow tubular metal reinforcing member. Therefore, for example, a long wooden building material can be obtained by joining multiple short wooden building materials of the present invention using a prestressing method.

[0061] By using the wooden building material of the present invention, long wooden building materials can be easily and efficiently obtained even at construction sites. That is, multiple short wooden building materials of the present invention before joining can be delivered to the construction site where a building is to be constructed, and the wooden building materials can be joined on site to form a long wooden building material. In this case, even if the delivery route is narrow, the wooden building materials required for construction can be joined on site.

[0062] Furthermore, long and heavy wooden building materials can be divided into small, lightweight wooden building materials and transported to the site to obtain wooden building materials of the required length, so that even in places where they have to be transported by human power, long and large wooden building materials can be obtained on site.

[0063] In the present invention, to improve workability, a countersunk hole may be drilled in the center of the cross section of the wooden building material or in its vicinity, and a metal dowel or the like may be used. In this case, it is effective in preventing the wooden building materials from shifting during work and in providing supplementary shear reinforcement at the joints of the wooden building materials.

[0064] When joining wooden building materials of the present invention together, it is preferable to provide a sink-in reinforcement material at the joint between the two. The sink-in reinforcement material is a reinforcing material that prevents local sinking at the joint surface between the wooden building materials.

[0065] The higher the compressive strength of the joints between wooden building materials, the greater the pressure the wooden building materials can withstand, and the higher the tension that can be applied to the tendons. In other words, by joining wooden building materials using compressive reinforcement, it is possible to obtain joints with higher rigidity and strength.

[0066] The shape of the embedding reinforcement material may be, for example, a flat plate or a shape that covers the end of the wood laminated lumber. The surface of the reinforcement material may be smooth or may have an uneven surface. If the surface is uneven, it is preferable that the unevenness allows one reinforcement material to interlock with the other reinforcement material.

[0067] Materials that have a smooth surface and higher compressive strength than wood building materials can be used as the compressive reinforcement material. Specifically, fiber-reinforced resins reinforced with carbon fiber, glass fiber, or aromatic polyamide fiber, metal materials such as iron, aluminum, and stainless steel, and inorganic materials such as cement materials such as concrete and mortar can be used.

[0068] [Wood unit] The wooden unit of the present invention is a wooden unit used to connect multiple wooden units using a prestressing method to form a building, and the wooden unit includes a wooden beam and a wooden base material, the wooden beam material being the wooden building material described above, and the wooden base material being a wooden unit for building that has a hollow portion running longitudinally that is used to accommodate tension members.

[0069] The wooden unit of the present invention further includes a wall, and the wall is preferably joined to the wooden beams and the wooden foundation. The wall is preferably an earthquake-resistant wall. All of the walls may be earthquake-resistant walls, or only one or some of the walls may be earthquake-resistant walls. The wooden unit for building of the present invention preferably further includes a roof and / or a floor.

[0070] [Wooden base material] Common wooden building materials can be used as the wooden foundation material, such as lumber, laminated lumber, CLT, and LVL. When a hollow section that penetrates the wooden foundation material in the longitudinal direction is to be provided to accommodate the tension rod, laminated lumber is preferred.

[0071] The wooden foundation preferably has a hollow portion that runs through it in the longitudinal direction and is used to accommodate the tension member. This hollow portion may be one or two or more. From the viewpoint of applying tension in a balanced manner, if there is one hollow portion, it is preferably located at the center of the cross section of the wooden foundation, and if there are two or more hollow portions, it is preferably located at positions that are point-symmetrical with respect to the center of the cross section of the wooden foundation. From the viewpoint of reinforcing compressive forces, the hollow portion of the wooden foundation is preferably formed from a metal hollow tubular reinforcing material similar to that of the wooden building material of the present invention.

[0072] 〔building〕 The building of the present invention is a building that includes at least two of the above-mentioned wooden building units connected together, and at least two of the wooden building units are placed in the hollow portions of the wooden beams and / or wooden foundations of the wooden building units and connected together by tensioned tendons.

[0073] The building of the present invention preferably further includes a concrete foundation that supports the wooden foundation material. The concrete foundation is preferably a precast concrete foundation. An example of a building of the present invention that includes this concrete foundation is shown in Figure 2.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment of the building of the present invention, at least two wooden units of the present invention are arranged in the hollow portions of the wooden beams and wooden base materials contained in the wooden units so that tension members can pass through them longitudinally, and are fixed to the foundation using anchor bolts or the like, with tension members passed through the hollow portions and tension applied to the tension members using a tension fixing device, and the wooden units are fixed together by crimping.

[0075] In other words, according to the present invention, a method for manufacturing a building is provided, which includes the steps of arranging at least two of the above-mentioned wooden building units so that the hollow portions of the wooden beams and / or wooden base materials of the wooden building units are continuous, arranging tension members in the hollow portions of the wooden beams and / or wooden base materials of the wooden building units, and applying tension to the tension members to fix at least two of the wooden building units in a connected state. [Example]

[0076] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. Physical properties were measured by the following methods. (1) Prestress tension A compression center-hole type load meter was placed between the metal plates that fixed the tendons, and the tension of the tendons was determined by measuring the pressure between the metal plates.

[0077] (2) Strength of joints between wooden building materials (breaking strength, bending Young's modulus) For the test specimen, which consisted of two wooden building materials joined in series, the joint between the wooden building materials was placed at the center of the test specimen, with a distance between supports of 4,220 mm. A repeated bending test was carried out, applying a load to the joint between the laminated timber members. The test was repeated so that the deflection of the joint between the wooden building materials was 1 / 450, 1 / 300, 1 / 250, 1 / 200, 1 / 150, 1 / 100, 1 / 75, 1 / 50, 1 / 30, 1 / 15 and 1 / 10 for a distance between supports of 4,220 mm. However, if the test specimen broke, the test was terminated. The load (maximum load) at which the test specimen broke was called the fracture strength P max The bending Young's modulus (unit: GPa) was calculated using the following formula: The deflection of the specimen was measured from the change in the highly sensitive displacement meter installed on the side of the center of the specimen.

[0078]

number

[0079] Example 1 Carbon steel (STKM16C) pipes were used as the metal hollow tubular reinforcement (1) enclosed in the laminated timber. The cross section of this metal hollow tubular reinforcement (1) was circular and hollow, with an outer diameter of 25.4 mm, a uniform wall thickness of 3.5 mm all around, and a length of 2,300 mm.

[0080] As a fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material to be embedded in the laminated timber, a pultrusion molding material was produced in which the reinforcing fiber was carbon fiber (Teijin Limited, acrylonitrile-based carbon fiber "HTS40, 24K", diameter 7 μm) and the matrix resin was vinyl ester resin (curing temperature 110-150°C, curing time required 5-10 min).

[0081] The volume ratio of reinforcing fiber to matrix resin in this fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material is 60 / 40, and the density of carbon fibers in the cross section is 15,000 fibers / mm 2 The cross-sectional shape of the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material was a rectangle with external dimensions of 20 mm x 40 mm, with two internal holes of 14 mm diameter, and a length of 2,300 mm.

[0082] The reinforced lamina containing fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement was prepared by digging two grooves, each 40.5 mm wide and 9.5 mm deep, in the longitudinal direction of the wood lamina (cedar), and applying 250 g / m of water-soluble polymer-isocyanate adhesive (PI Bond 5340, manufactured by Oshika Co., Ltd.) into the grooves. 2 The fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material was sandwiched between the grooves of the wood lamina and pressed at room temperature with a pressure of 0.8 MPa for 30 minutes to bond the materials together.

[0083] The reinforcing lamina obtained here was composed of 13 mm of wood - 40 mm of fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement - 20 mm of wood - 40 mm of fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement - 13 mm of wood in the width direction, resulting in a lamina 126 mm wide in which the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement and wood were arranged alternately.

[0084] The obtained reinforcing lamina was used for the bottom and top layers, and between them, laminated wood lamina made of only wood with four 27.5 mm diameter holes for inserting metal hollow tubular reinforcing materials was used to obtain a wood laminated lumber. The adhesive used was the same as for the reinforcing lamina, a water-soluble polymer-isocyanate adhesive (PI Bond 5340, manufactured by Oshika Co., Ltd.) (application amount 250 g / m 2 ), and pressed at room temperature (pressing pressure 0.8 MPa, pressing time 30 minutes).

[0085] The holes for inserting the hollow tubular metal reinforcement were made by gluing two pieces of wood lamina (cedar) with semicircular grooves of 27.5 mm diameter cut into them in advance, so that the semicircular grooves faced each other. No adhesive was applied inside the grooves.

[0086] The holes for inserting the metal hollow tubular reinforcement were positioned so that the centers of the 27.5 mm diameter holes were located at two positions, one 60 mm from the top and 31.75 mm from each horizontal end, and one 60 mm from the bottom and 31.75 mm from each horizontal end, in the cross section of the laminated timber (a 120 mm x 300 mm rectangle).

[0087] After bonding, the surface of the laminated timber was given a molder finish, and carbon steel (STKM16C) pipes were inserted into each of the four holes in the laminated timber that were to be used to insert hollow tubular metal reinforcements, resulting in a wooden building material with a cross-sectional size of 120 mm x 300 mm and a length of 2,300 mm. A schematic diagram of the cross section of this wooden building material is shown in Figure 3.

[0088] Two of the obtained wooden building materials were lined up lengthwise and joined by prestressing to obtain a test specimen for Example 1. A side view of this test specimen is shown in Figure 4. Prestressing was carried out in the following manner.

[0089] Two wooden building materials were lined up lengthwise via steel plates (120mm x 300mm, 19mm thick, with 17mm diameter holes in the same positions as the four hollow tubular metal reinforcements in the wooden building materials) that served as indentation reinforcement, and steel plates (120mm x 300mm, 19mm thick, with 17mm diameter holes in the same positions as the four hollow tubular metal reinforcements in the wooden building materials) were placed at both ends of the wooden building materials, and two 12.7mm diameter PC steel strands were placed in each of the four hollow tubular metal reinforcements. The tension rods were passed through the arranged wooden building materials, and one compression center-hole load cell was attached to one side of each of the four tension rods.An iron plate (120mm x 300mm, 40mm thick, with 17mm diameter holes in each of the four locations corresponding to the four hollow tubular metal reinforcement rods in the wooden building materials) was then placed on the outside of the compression center-hole load cell so that the tension rods could pass through.Fixing devices for PC steel strands with a diameter of 12.7mm were installed on both ends of the tension rods, and a tension of 100kN per rod was applied to the tension rods using hydraulic tensioning jacks, which served as tension fixing devices.

[0090] Example 2 The experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the tension applied to each tendon was 130 kN. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. By increasing the tension applied to the tendons compared to Example 1, both the fracture strength and bending Young's modulus were higher than in Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 1 The wooden building material used was a cedar laminated timber (E65-F225) with a cross-sectional size of 120mm x 300mm and a length of 4,620mm, which did not contain metal hollow tubular reinforcement or fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement, and a cyclic bending test was conducted in which a load was applied to the center of the test specimen with a support distance of 4,220mm. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. Since neither a hollow tubular metal reinforcing material nor a fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material was included, the fracture strength and Young's modulus in bending were both lower than those of Example 1.

[0092] Comparative Example 2 A wooden building material with a cross-sectional size of 120 mm x 300 mm and a length of 2,300 mm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that wood lamina was used instead of the reinforcing lamina in Example 1. This wooden building material was joined using the prestressing method in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. Since no fiber-reinforced resin reinforcing material was included, both the breaking strength and the bending Young's modulus were lower than those of Example 1.

[0093] [Table 1] [Industrial Applicability]

[0094] The wooden building material of the present invention can be used as a building component, and is particularly suitable for use as a structural material for wooden buildings. [Explanation of symbols]

[0095] 11 Wooden building materials 12 Cedar laminated lumber 13A~D Fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement materials 14A-D Metal hollow tubular reinforcement 21A~C Wooden unit 22 Precast concrete foundation 23 Roof 24 Exterior Wall 25A,B joint cover 26 doors 27 Windows 32 Cedar laminated lumber 33A~D Fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement materials 34A~D Metal hollow tubular reinforcement 41A,B Wooden building materials 42A~D Fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement material 43A~D Metal hollow tubular reinforcement 44A~D Metal Plate 45A,B Tensile material 46A~D Fixing device 47A,B Compression Center Hole Type Load Cell

Claims

1. A wooden building material used to connect multiple wooden building materials to form a building using a prestressing method, the wooden building material comprising: a laminated timber; a fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement member that penetrates the longitudinal direction of the laminated timber; and at least two metal hollow tubular reinforcements that penetrate the longitudinal direction of the laminated timber, the fiber-reinforced resin reinforcement member being made of reinforcing fibers oriented in its longitudinal direction and a matrix resin, and at least two of the metal hollow tubular reinforcements being used to house tensioned tendons for connecting multiple wooden building materials using a prestressing method.

2. A wooden unit for a building, which is used to connect multiple wooden units using a prestressing method to form a building, the wooden units including a wooden beam and a wooden base material, the wooden beam being the wooden building material described in claim 1, and the wooden base material having a hollow portion running longitudinally through it that is used to accommodate tension members.

3. A building comprising at least two building wood units according to claim 2, wherein at least two of the building wood units are placed in hollow portions of the wooden beams and / or wooden base members of the building wood units and connected by tensioned tendons.

4. A method for manufacturing a building, comprising the steps of: arranging at least two wooden building units as described in claim 2 so that the hollow portions of the wooden beams and / or wooden base materials of the wooden building units are continuous; placing tension members in the hollow portions of the wooden beams and / or wooden base materials of the wooden building units; and applying tension to the tension members to fix at least two wooden building units in a connected state.

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