Electrode manufacturing method

Abstract

To provide a manufacturing method for an electrode, in which the electrode separation is suppressed and the manufacturing yield can be improved in vacuum drying in a manufacturing process for an electrode.SOLUTION: A manufacturing method for an electrode includes step (S1) of obtaining a slurry by kneading an electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary agent, and a binder, step (S2) of applying the slurry on a substrate, and step (S3) of drying the applied slurry in vacuum. The kneading is performed by a heating and stirring process and a defoaming and stirring process with a heat of 150°C or more and 200°C or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode, and more particularly to a method for manufacturing an electrode suitable for a battery electrode. [Background technology]

[0002] Secondary batteries that can achieve relatively high output and high capacity, such as lithium-ion secondary batteries, are used as power sources installed in vehicles and other devices that use electricity as a drive source, and in electrical appliances such as personal computers and mobile terminals. Among these secondary batteries, lithium-ion secondary batteries in particular are lightweight and have high energy density, making them suitable as high-output power sources for driving vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs), and hybrid vehicles (HVs), and demand for them is expected to continue to expand in the future.

[0003] In recent years, various research and development efforts have been conducted on a type of secondary battery that uses a solid electrolyte in the form of powder, pellets, sintered plates, or the like instead of a liquid electrolyte (electrolytic solution), also known as an all-solid-state battery, with the aim of commercializing the battery.

[0004] Fuel cells, which supply the fuel hydrogen and oxygen from an external source and electrically extract the energy generated when they react to produce water, are also expected to be a highly energy-efficient, clean energy source whose only waste product is water.

[0005] The electrodes used in these batteries can usually be manufactured by mixing an electrode active material with a conductive aid and a binder to prepare a slurry, applying this slurry to a substrate such as a current collector, vacuum drying it to form it into a plate, pressing the resulting plate, and then processing it by punching or cutting it into the shape of the electrode.

[0006] Conventionally, degassing and stirring methods such as vacuum pressure reduction, ultrasonic waves, and centrifugal separation have been used as kneading methods for preparing slurries (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

[0007] However, these degassing and stirring methods each have advantages and disadvantages, and when developing a sufficiently mixed electrode material, no matter which method is used, the disadvantages can sometimes become a barrier to obtaining an electrode material of the desired quality.

[0008] In contrast, the newly proposed method using a planetary centrifugal mixer was found to be capable of mixing and degassing more efficiently and thoroughly than the above-mentioned degassing and stirring method, and to produce an electrode material of good quality. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5148036 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-216060 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] As described above, the use of a planetary centrifugal mixer has made it possible to manufacture electrodes that were previously impossible to manufacture. However, during the vacuum drying process of the slurry, the electrode material may peel off from the substrate, a phenomenon known as electrode peeling, which can reduce the manufacturing yield.

[0011] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an electrode that can suppress the occurrence of such electrode peeling and improve manufacturing yield. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] The method for manufacturing an electrode in this embodiment includes the steps of kneading an electrode active material, a conductive additive, and a binder to obtain a slurry, applying the slurry to a substrate, and vacuum drying the applied slurry, and the kneading is performed by a heating and stirring treatment in which the mixture is heated at a temperature of 150°C or higher and 200°C or lower, and a degassing and stirring treatment.

[0013] In another embodiment, a method for manufacturing an electrode includes the steps of kneading an electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder, and a solid electrolyte to obtain a slurry, applying the slurry to a substrate, and vacuum drying the applied slurry, and the kneading is performed by a heating and stirring treatment at a temperature of 150°C to 200°C and a degassing and stirring treatment. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the electrode manufacturing method disclosed in this embodiment, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing an electrode that suppresses electrode peeling during vacuum drying during manufacturing and improves manufacturing yield. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing an electrode according to the present embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] <Things to consider in advance> As described above, by using a planetary-revolution mixer, it has become possible to manufacture electrodes that were previously impossible to manufacture. However, peeling of the electrodes can occur during vacuum drying, resulting in a decrease in manufacturing yield.

[0017] The present applicants have thoroughly investigated the causes of such a decrease in manufacturing yield, and have concluded that it is due to insufficient removal of moisture from the raw materials during the process of kneading the raw materials to obtain a slurry. Specifically, they believe that the residual moisture in the raw materials volatilizes during vacuum drying, when the raw materials are heated to approximately 150°C, weakening the adhesive strength between the electrode material and the current collector (substrate), causing the electrode material to peel off from the substrate, i.e., electrode peeling.

[0018] Therefore, the inventors discovered that by heating and stirring the mixture at 150°C or higher in the kneading process to obtain a slurry, which is a step prior to vacuum drying, and also by degassing and stirring the mixture, electrode peeling can be suppressed during the subsequent vacuum drying, and thus completed the present invention.

[0019] <Embodiment> Hereinafter, the embodiments will be described in detail with reference to examples and drawings. In all drawings for explaining the embodiments, components having the same functions are designated by the same or related reference numerals, and repeated explanations thereof will be omitted.

[0020] [Electrode manufacturing method] As described above, a method for producing an electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of kneading an electrode active material, a conductive additive, and a binder to obtain a slurry, applying the slurry to a substrate, and vacuum drying the applied slurry. Each step will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.

[0021] [Step (S1) of obtaining slurry] Prior to obtaining the slurry, various raw materials to be incorporated into the electrode material are prepared. Examples of the raw materials to be prepared here include an electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder, etc. Other components may be added or blended as long as they do not impair the effects and other advantages of the present invention.

[0022] The prepared raw materials are mixed and kneaded to a uniform state to form a slurry (FIG. 1 - step (S1)). The slurry obtained here is preferably in a state where it has been sufficiently degassed, and in this embodiment, this step is performed by a heating and stirring treatment (FIG. 1 - heating and stirring step (S1-1)) and a degassing and stirring treatment (FIG. 1 - degassing and stirring step (S1-2)). The heating and stirring treatments and the degassing and stirring treatment can be performed in any order and can also be performed simultaneously. In the following explanation, an example will be described in which the heating and stirring treatment is performed first and then the degassing and stirring treatment is performed.

[0023] The step (S1-1) is characterized in that the electrode material is stirred while being heated to a temperature at which the moisture contained in the electrode material can be removed. The heating temperature at this time is, for example, preferably 150°C or higher and 200°C or lower, more preferably 180°C or higher and 200°C or lower, for the purpose of efficiently removing the moisture.

[0024] By limiting the upper limit of the heating temperature to 200°C, the raw materials, especially the binder, can be mixed without decomposing and changing in quality, and without the solvent catching fire.

[0025] In addition, in the step (S1-1), known stirring conditions can be applied, and are not particularly limited. For example, the mixed raw materials can be stirred using a stirrer, and in this case, the rotation speed of the stirrer is preferably 50 rpm to 200 rpm, more preferably 100 rpm to 200 rpm, and even more preferably 150 rpm to 200 rpm.

[0026] In step (S1-2), known degassing and agitation methods such as vacuum decompression, ultrasonic treatment, centrifugation, and rotation-revolution agitation can be used, with rotation-revolution agitation being preferred. When a rotation-revolution agitation method is used, the processing conditions are, for example, a rotation speed of the rotation-revolution mixer of preferably 100 rpm to 1000 rpm, more preferably 500 rpm to 750 rpm. Additionally, a revolution speed of preferably 200 rpm to 2000 rpm, more preferably 1000 rpm to 1500 rpm.

[0027] The temperature at this time should be less than 150° C., and it can be carried out at room temperature (25° C.). The pressure can be normal pressure (1 atmosphere), and when reduced, it can be, for example, about 1.0 kPa to 0.50 kPa.

[0028] As described above, by obtaining a slurry by combining the heating and stirring treatment and the degassing and stirring treatment, the raw materials are uniformly mixed, and degassing is sufficiently performed, while at the same time, moisture in the raw materials can be sufficiently removed. By removing moisture at this stage, the occurrence of defects such as electrode peeling can be suppressed in the vacuum drying step described below.

[0029] When the heating and stirring process and the degassing and stirring process are carried out simultaneously, the above-described step (S1-2) may be carried out in an environment heated to 150°C to 200°C.

[0030] [Raw materials for electrode materials] The constituent raw materials of the electrode material will be described below. As described above, the raw materials usually include an electrode active material, a conductive additive, and a binder.

[0031] As the electrode active material, a known material can be used without particular limitation, for example, a positive electrode active material when forming a positive electrode, or a negative electrode active material when forming a negative electrode.

[0032] Examples of the positive electrode active material include MnO2, LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and LiNiO2.

[0033] On the other hand, examples of negative electrode active materials include Zn, Li, graphite, Si-based materials, and Li4Ti5O 12 etc.

[0034] As the conductive aid, for example, carbon black such as acetylene black, graphite, carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, etc. are preferred, but any known conductive aid can be used without any particular limitation.

[0035] Furthermore, examples of binders include fluorine-based binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and rubber-based binders such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), but any known binder can be used without any particular limitations.

[0036] However, a solvent is required to disperse or dissolve the binder component. For conversion-type active materials such as halides, using water as a solvent can deactivate the active material and acidify the slurry. Deactivation of the active material can lead to a decrease in reversible capacitance. Furthermore, even if a stainless steel foil with excellent acid resistance is used, contact with an acidified slurry containing a halide compound destroys the passive film on the surface of the stainless steel foil, causing corrosion, making it impossible to obtain a good electrode.

[0037] For these reasons, it is preferable to use a non-aqueous binder in which the binder component is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent for the conversion-type active material. Examples of solvents used for non-aqueous binders include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ester ketones, ethers, and amines.

[0038] For non-aqueous binders, a solvent for adjusting viscosity can be used as needed. Examples of solvents used for this purpose include, but are not limited to, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), pyrrolidone, N-methylthiopyrrolidone, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphoramide, cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl ethyl ketone.

[0039] In this case, when the raw materials, that is, the electrode active material, the conductive additive, and the binder, are contained, the content ratio (mass %) of these materials, expressed as electrode active material:conductive additive:binder=x:y:z, is preferably in the ranges of 50≦x≦95, 2.5≦y≦45, and 2.5≦z≦45. Furthermore, these ratios are more preferably in the ranges of 65≦x≦95, 2.5≦y≦20, and 2.5≦z≦15.

[0040] In the step of kneading the above-mentioned raw materials to obtain a slurry, the above-mentioned components and solvent are blended at the initial mixing so that the solid content is about 30% or less, and after the heating and stirring step (S1-1), it is preferable to adjust the solid content to 30% or more and 70% or less, and more preferably 40% or more and 50% or less.

[0041] By adjusting the solid content of the slurry to fall within the above range, it is possible to avoid situations in which the solid content is too low, causing the slurry to separate, or the solid content is too high, causing the slurry to harden, resulting in film breakage in the subsequent coating step (S2), making it impossible to obtain a uniform film of the required area as an electrode.

[0042] [Step (S2) of applying slurry] Subsequently, the slurry obtained in the above step (S1) is applied onto a substrate to obtain a plate-shaped electrode (FIG. 1 - application step (S2)).

[0043] In this step (S2), the obtained slurry can be applied to a substrate to form a coating film of the desired thickness, and any known coating method can be used without particular limitation, such as extrusion coating, gravure coating, reverse roll coating, dip coating, applicator coating, doctor coating, and screen printing.

[0044] The thickness of the slurry applied is, for example, preferably 10 μm to 150 μm, more preferably 10 μm to 100 μm, and even more preferably 10 μm to 50 μm.

[0045] The substrate onto which the slurry is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is flat and can form a stable coating film. A current collector made of a metal film or the like may be provided on the surface of the substrate. By applying the slurry onto the current collector, an electrode can be formed directly by going through the next step of vacuum drying, and further processing steps such as pressing, punching, and cutting, which is preferable.

[0046] The current collector may be any known material without any particular limitations as long as it is an electron conductor that does not undergo chemical changes in the battery.

[0047] Typically, a metal material with good electrical conductivity is preferred for the positive electrode current collector. Well-known examples include aluminum, nickel, titanium, stainless steel, copper, and carbon-coated versions of these metal materials (primer-coated foil). When using a conversion-type active material, a current collector with a wide potential window is preferred because high capacity can be obtained by charging and discharging over a wide voltage range. Stainless steel (e.g., stainless steel foil) is preferred as the material for such a current collector. Stainless steels are classified into ferrite, martensite, and austenite types depending on their structural structure, but are not particularly limited. The thickness of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but is preferably approximately 5 μm to 50 μm, more preferably approximately 8 μm to 30 μm, in consideration of the balance between the capacity density of the battery and the strength of the current collector.

[0048] The material of the negative electrode current collector is typically a metal material with good conductivity, and examples thereof include copper (e.g., copper foil) and copper-based alloys. The thickness of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 5 μm to 50 μm, more preferably about 8 μm to 30 μm, in consideration of the balance between the capacity density of the battery and the strength of the current collector.

[0049] [Step (S3) of vacuum drying the slurry] Next, the slurry applied to the current collector obtained in the above step (S2) is dried in a vacuum to obtain an electrode active material layer (coating film) (FIG. 1 - vacuum drying step (S3)).

[0050] This step (S3) can be carried out, for example, by reducing the pressure to 1.0 kPa or less and heating to 150°C or more. The pressure at this time is preferably 1.0 kPa to 0.50 kPa, and the temperature is preferably 150°C to 170°C.

[0051] In this embodiment, by performing the above-described step (S1), it is possible to prevent the electrode from peeling off in the step (S3).

[0052] The characteristic features of the electrode manufacturing method according to the present embodiment have been described above, but as a post-process, the electrode can be obtained by compression molding using a roller press or the like to a predetermined thickness, and then by processing by punching or cutting to a predetermined width and length. The electrode thus obtained can be combined with other components by a known method to form a battery.

[0053] <Improvement example> The method for manufacturing an electrode has been described above, but in this embodiment, the electrode material can also be used for an all-solid-state battery as described below. In implementing this improved example, except for the electrode material, the operations and application conditions for its manufacture are the same as those for the electrode manufacture described above, and therefore a repeated description thereof will be omitted.

[0054] [Raw materials for electrode materials] The raw materials for the electrode material in this improved example are described below. These raw materials typically include an electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder, and a solid electrolyte. This improved example is characterized by the addition of a solid electrolyte to the raw materials described above. This electrode material is suitable for use in all-solid-state batteries that are configured by disposing a solid electrolyte layer between a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer.

[0055] Here, a positive electrode active material is used when forming a positive electrode, and a negative electrode active material is used when forming a negative electrode, and known materials can be used for these materials without any particular limitations.

[0056] In addition to those described above, the positive electrode active material used here preferably includes conversion type (also called decomposition / regeneration reaction type) or alloy reaction type active materials, such as CuCl, FeF, S, AgCl, FeCl, NiCl, CoCl, FeCl, LiS, LiCl, LiF, AgF, Br, LiBr, CoF, CuF, CuF, BiF, CuCl, NiF, LiI, I, CoF, FeF, MnF, CrF, CuS, LiSe, Se, CuSe, CuO, CoS, CuS, NiS, FeS, Te, LiTe, VF, FeS, CoSe, MnS, MnCl, CoS, FeSe, TiF, MnS, etc. Among these, CuCl, FeF, and S are preferred.

[0057] Conversion-type active materials include, for example, transition metal halides (CuCl2, FeF2, FeCl3, etc.) and alkali metal halides (LiCl, LiF, etc.), and charge and discharge occur through a chemical reaction involving decomposition and generation between lithium and a metal compound.On the other hand, alloy-reaction-type active materials include, for example, Si, SiO, Sn, SnCl2, etc., and charge and discharge occur through a reaction involving the formation of a Li alloy phase.

[0058] These positive electrode active materials are contained as particles, and the average particle size (D50) determined by a laser diffraction / scattering method is preferably about 0.1 μm to 20 μm, and more preferably about 0.4 μm to 10 μm.

[0059] Examples of the negative electrode active material used here include conversion-type, alloy reaction-type, and dissolution / precipitation-type active materials such as Si-based, Li-based, Sn-based, Mg-based, and Al-based active materials. Among these, Si-based, Li-based, Mg-based, and Al-based active materials are preferred in terms of high energy density per weight or volume.

[0060] Note that the solute precipitation reaction type active material includes, for example, metallic Li, metallic Na, etc., and charge and discharge are performed along with the dissolution and precipitation of these metal phases.

[0061] Examples of Si-based negative electrode active materials include Si, a mixture of Si and SiO2 with a composition ratio of Si to O of 1:a (where 0.05 < a < 1.95), a mixture of Si and SiC with a composition ratio of Si to C of 1:b (where 0 < b < 1), a mixture of Si and Si3N4 with a composition ratio of Si to N of 1:c (where 0 < c < 4 / 3), and the like.

[0062] In addition, as other examples of Si-based negative electrode active materials, alloy materials composed of Si and elements other than Si can be mentioned. Examples of elements other than Si here include, for example, Fe, Co, Sb, Bi, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, In, Sn, Ti, etc.

[0063] Examples of Sn-based negative electrode active materials include, for example, Sn, Sn oxides, Sn nitrides, Sn-containing alloys, and solid solutions thereof. A part of the Sn atoms contained therein may be substituted with one or more elements other than Sn.

[0064] Examples of Sn oxides include tin oxide (SnO d (0 < d < 2)), tin dioxide (SnO2), etc. Examples of Sn-containing alloys include Ni-Sn alloy, Mg-Sn alloy, Fe-Sn alloy, Cu-Sn alloy, Ti-Sn alloy, etc. Examples of Sn compounds include SnSiO3, Ni2Sn4, Mg2Sn, etc.

[0065] Examples of Li-based negative electrode active materials include Li, In-Li alloy, Al-Li alloy, Mg-Li alloy, Zn-Li alloy, Sn-Li alloy, Sb-Li alloy, etc.

[0066] Examples of Mg-based negative electrode active materials include Mg, Ni-Mg alloy, Sn-Mg alloy, Fe-Mg alloy, Cu-Mg alloy, Ti-Mg alloy, etc.

[0067] Examples of Al-based negative electrode active materials include Al, Ni-Al alloys, Sn-Al alloys, Fe-Al alloys, Cu-Al alloys, and Ti-Al alloys.

[0068] These negative electrode active materials are contained as particles, and the average particle size (D50) determined by a laser diffraction / scattering method is suitably, for example, about 1 μm to 20 μm, and particularly preferably about 2 μm to 10 μm.

[0069] Examples of the solid electrolyte that can be used here include various oxide-based solid electrolytes and sulfide-based solid electrolytes.

[0070] As the oxide-based solid electrolyte, a crystalline oxide having a NASICON structure, a garnet structure, a perovskite structure, or the like is preferred. For example, x AO y (where A is B, C, Al, Si, P, S, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta, or W, and x and y are positive numbers.) Specific examples include Li3BO3, LiBO2, Li2CO3, LiAlO2, Li4SiO4, Li2SiO3, Li3PO4, Li2SO4, Li2TiO3, and Li4Ti5O 12 , Li2Ti2O5, Li2ZrO3, LiNbO3, Li2MoO4, Li2WO4, etc. Also preferred are glasses or glass ceramics that do not have a specific crystal structure, such as Li2O-B2O3-P2O5-based, Li2O-SiO2-based, Li2O-B2O3-based, and Li2O-B2O3-ZnO-based.

[0071] From the viewpoint of high ionic conductivity, sulfide-based solid electrolytes are particularly preferred, including glasses or glass ceramics such as Li2S-SiS2, Li2S-P2S3, Li2S-P2S5, Li2S-GeS2, Li2S-B2S3, Li3PO4-P2S5, and Li4SiO4-Li2S-SiS2.

[0072] From the viewpoint of achieving higher ionic conductivity, it is preferable to use a LiS-based solid solution composed of LiS and a lithium halide (e.g., LiCl, LiBr, LiI). Preferred examples include LiBr-LiS-P2S5, LiI-LiS-P2S5, and LiBr-LiI-LiS-P2S5.

[0073] These solid electrolytes are used in the form of particles, and the average particle size (D50) determined by the laser diffraction / scattering method is, for example, preferably 0.1 μm to 10 μm, and more preferably 0.4 μm to 5 μm. [Example]

[0074] Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

[0075] (Examples 1 to 9, Comparative Example 1) First, copper chloride (CuCl2) was prepared as the positive electrode active material, acetylene black as a conductive additive, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder, and Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-TiO2 as a solid electrolyte.

[0076] These raw materials were kneaded using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent so that the raw material composition was as shown in Table 1, to obtain a slurry. The kneading was first carried out for 2 hours with dehydration stirring while heating at 180°C and a stirrer rotation speed of 50 rpm, and then for 5 minutes with a planetary centrifugal mixer (Thinky Mixer (trade name)) at atmospheric pressure, a rotation speed of 500 rpm, and a revolution speed of 1000 rpm to obtain a slurry for application. The solid content of the resulting slurry for application after formation is shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example 1, the heating stirring treatment was not carried out during kneading, and the slurry was immediately subjected to a degassing stirring treatment to obtain a slurry.

[0077] This slurry was applied to a copper or stainless steel substrate using a bar coater to a thickness of 150 μm, and then vacuum dried at 60° C. or 80° C. for 12 hours to form a coating film. The resulting coating film was pressed to a thickness of 70 μm, punched, and further vacuum dried at 150° C. to obtain a positive electrode.

[0078] [Table 1]

[0079] In Examples 1 to 9, in which a heating and stirring step was performed in the step of obtaining a slurry, no electrode peeling occurred during vacuum drying. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, when the raw materials were kneaded in a planetary centrifugal mixer without undergoing the heating and stirring step, electrode peeling occurred during vacuum drying.

[0080] The present invention has been specifically described above using embodiments, but it should be understood that the present invention should not be construed as being limited to these embodiments, and that various modifications are possible within the scope of the gist of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing an electrode, comprising: a step of kneading an electrode active material, a conductive additive, and a binder to obtain a slurry; a step of applying the slurry onto a substrate; and a step of vacuum-drying the applied slurry, wherein the kneading is performed by a heating and stirring treatment in which the mixture is heated at a temperature of 150°C or higher and 200°C or lower, and a degassing and stirring treatment.

2. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the heating and stirring treatment is carried out at a temperature of 180° C. or higher and 200° C. or lower.

3. 2. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 1, wherein when the content ratios of the electrode active material, the conductive additive, and the binder on a mass basis are expressed as electrode active material:conductive additive:binder=x:y:z, the content ratios (mass %) of these are within the ranges of 50≦x≦95, 2.5≦y≦45, and 2.5≦z≦45.

4. A method for manufacturing an electrode, comprising: a step of kneading an electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder, and a solid electrolyte to obtain a slurry; a step of applying the slurry onto a substrate; and a step of vacuum-drying the applied slurry, wherein the kneading is performed by a heating and stirring treatment in which the mixture is heated at a temperature of 150°C or higher and 200°C or lower, and a degassing and stirring treatment.

5. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 4, wherein the heating and stirring treatment is carried out at a temperature of 180°C or higher and 200°C or lower.

6. 5. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 4, wherein when the content ratios of the electrode active material, the conductive additive, the binder, and the solid electrolyte on a mass basis are expressed as electrode active material:conductive additive:binder:solid electrolyte=x:y:z:v, the content ratios (mass %) of these are within the ranges of 50≦x≦92.5, 2.5≦y≦45, 2.5≦z≦45, and 2.5≦v≦45.

7. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 4 , wherein the electrode active material is a positive electrode active material.

8. 8. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 7, wherein the electrode active material is a conversion type active material or an alloy reaction type active material.

9. 9. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 8, wherein the electrode active material is CuCl ２ , FeF ２ and S.

10. 10. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 9, wherein stainless steel is used as the current collector material.

11. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 9 , wherein the binder is a non-aqueous binder.

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