Equipment and methods for monitoring surface and groundwater in the oasis-desert transition zone

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for monitoring surface and groundwater in the oasis-desert transition zone. The device is provided with a monitoring pole and a monitoring well, and a pressure-type water level meter and an environmental tracer are installed in the monitoring well. A plurality of multi-function cartridges are provided for releasing the gas and collecting groundwater samples. The monitoring methods include S1, monitoring point placement, S2, dynamic monitoring, and S3, dynamic monitoring correction. The invention can realize the monitoring of surface water level, groundwater level, evaporation rate, etc., and further, environmental trend. By releasing tracers, the flow direction and velocity of groundwater can be monitored, and at the same time, the groundwater is sampled. By further monitoring groundwater quality, the surface water and groundwater quality in the oasis-desert transition zone will be improved. Realizing simultaneous, high-speed automatic monitoring of sewage water, and real-time monitoring of the changing trends of water resources in the oasis-desert transition zone. It is extremely predictable.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oasis water resource monitoring, particularly to the surface of the oasis-desert transition zone. This invention relates to a water and groundwater monitoring device and method. [Background technology]

[0002] The oasis-desert transition zone is an important ecological transition zone in arid region ecosystems. Located in the transitional area between mountain and desert, it has unique ecological functions and environmental characteristics. Currently, remote sensing (R) is the main method for monitoring surface and groundwater in the oasis-desert transition zone. Geographic Information System (GIS) and / or related equipment are used. It has the advantages of efficient, wide-area and dynamic tracking in water level monitoring, especially in the oasis-desert transition. However, optical remote sensing has been widely applied in remote or ecologically fragile areas such as the Pacific Ocean. Remote sensing is easily affected by cloud layers, while radar remote sensing is affected by vegetation coverage. At the same time, it is difficult to directly detect the groundwater level using remote sensing. Therefore, the actual needs for monitoring surface water and groundwater in the oasis-desert transition zone are being met. There is a need to provide more suitable and relevant equipment to strengthen the joint monitoring of surface and groundwater, but ,There is a lack of research on such techniques in ,existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: A monitoring post installed above ground, and a part of it connected to the bottom of the monitoring post and inserted underground A monitoring well is provided, the bottom of which extends below the groundwater level, and the length of the aboveground part of the monitoring well is The length is 0.5 to 1 m. A radar water level gauge is installed on one side of the monitoring pole, and a solar panel is installed on the other side. A pressure-type water level gauge is installed at the bottom of the monitoring well, and the water level is raised by the lifting mechanism inside the monitoring well. A monitoring pipe pole is provided to realize the lowering of the monitoring pipe pole, and a rotatable inner sleeve is provided in the monitoring pipe pole. The bottom outer end of the side sleeve is fitted with multiple multi-channel devices for releasing environmental tracers and collecting groundwater samples. A functional cartridge is provided, The multi-functional cartridge contains two chambers, one of which contains an environmental tracer. The first chamber stores the groundwater, and the other chamber is the second chamber for collecting the groundwater sample. The first and second chambers have respective inlet ports on their outer walls, and the multi-function The power cartridge is provided with an opening / closing mechanism for simultaneously opening and closing two inlet ports. There are multiple operation ports on the upper side wall, and when the monitoring pipe pole rises to the top of the monitoring well, each multi-function cover The multi-function cartridge is positioned in alignment with each operation port, and the multi-function cartridge is removed. To replenish the internal environmental tracer of the cartridge and to remove the collected groundwater sample, It is used for this purpose. In one aspect of the present invention, the radar water level gauge is fixedly connected to the monitoring pole via a first connecting rod. The bottom of the solar panel is connected to the second connecting rod, which is fixed to the monitoring pole via the third connecting rod. and a water tank for storing condensed water from the solar panel at the end of the second connecting rod. The water tank is located under the solar panel, and an evaporator is attached to the end of the second connecting rod. The evaporator is connected to an opening at the bottom of the water tank and is attached to the top of the monitoring pole. A control box is installed, and a signal transmitter / receiver connected to a radar water level gauge and a pressure water level gauge is installed in the control box. It can be done. Description: A radar water level gauge monitors the surface water level of a typical river cross section in an oasis. The solar panel uses the temperature difference at night to condense moisture in the air. After the water is condensed, it is collected in an evaporator, and the collected water evaporates during the day. The amount of evaporation is determined from this. In one aspect of the present invention, a one-turn engagement groove is opened on the inside of the upper part of the monitoring pipe pole, and a The drive gear and driven gear are connected in symmetrical meshing, and the drive gear and driven gear are connected in an inner sleeve. The drive gear is connected to the drive shaft in the monitoring pipe by engaging with the tooth grooves opened on the upper outer wall of the tube. Driven by a motor, an inverted L-shaped connecting rod is rotatably connected to the top of the driven gear, and The other end of the L-shaped connecting rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the monitoring pipe column. In one aspect of the present invention, the number of multi-function cartridges is 8 to 15 in total, and the opening / closing mechanism is a multi-function The cartridge has a sliding groove opened on the front surface, and a sealing plate is slidably provided inside the sliding groove. One side of the sealing plate is fixedly connected to one side inner wall of the sliding groove through a plurality of springs. The side is abutted against the inner wall of the other side of the sliding groove under the action of a spring, and a protruding block is provided on the front surface of the sealing plate. A blocking block is provided on the bottom inner wall of the monitoring pipe, and the protruding block is connected to the inner sleeve. After rotating, it is docked with the blocking block, and the sealing plate slides under the blocking action of the blocking block. The drainage hole is then moved to expose it to groundwater. Description: The combination of protruding block and blocking block prevents the groundwater test from being detected during the rotation process of the inner sleeve. It can automatically collect materials and release environmental tracers, and the number of multi-function cartridges can be adjusted. This ensures that the amount of environmental tracer added is sufficient to avoid frequent replacement or addition. In another aspect of the present invention, the lifting mechanism is a steel cable attached to the top of the monitoring pipe pole and a cable attached to the ground. The steel cable extends to the top of the monitoring well and is attached to the side wall of the monitoring well. It is connected to the hoist through a through hole, Restriction slide bars are installed on both sides of the outer wall of the monitoring pipe column. It is slidably connected to the limiting slide rails provided on both sides of the inner wall of the cylinder, An L-shaped engagement plate is provided on the rear surface of the multi-function cartridge, and the L-shaped engagement plate is attached to the bottom outer surface of the inner sleeve. The retainers are detachably engaged with a plurality of engagement grooves provided on the wall in one-to-one correspondence. Description: The combination of the limiting slide bar and limiting slide rail ensures stable up and down sliding of the monitoring well. The system realizes operation, and allows the addition of environmental tracers and the collection of groundwater samples through an operation port. The present invention further provides a method for monitoring surface water and groundwater in an oasis-desert transition zone based on the above-mentioned monitoring device. The method also includes the steps of: S1, Monitoring point placement: Place monitoring equipment in the center of the oasis-desert transition zone. and placing multiple groundwater monitoring wells at the edge of the oasis-desert transition zone downstream of the river. S2, Dynamic Monitoring; Surface water level monitoring: Monitor the oasis surface water level with a radar water level gauge, and monitor the water level every 15-30 minutes. Monitored once every minute, Groundwater level monitoring: Monitor the groundwater level in the oasis-desert transition zone using a pressure-type water level meter and set the monitoring cycle. : Monitor every 15 to 30 minutes. Monitoring groundwater flow direction, flow rate and water quality: The monitoring pipe is lowered below the groundwater level using a lifting mechanism. The opening and closing mechanism opens the first and second chambers of the multi-function cartridge. The chamber was opened to release the environmental tracer stored in the first chamber into the groundwater. The environmental tracers were collected by multiple groundwater monitoring wells. Based on the location of water monitoring wells and the time of collection of environmental tracers, groundwater flow direction and flow rate were measured. The rate was determined, and at the same time, a groundwater sample was taken in the second chamber to monitor the water quality. Monitoring period for groundwater flow direction, flow rate and water quality: once every 5-7 days S3, Dynamic monitoring correction: If the change in the surface water level on that day exceeds 20% of the average change in the 7-day water level, S Adjust the monitoring period of the groundwater flow direction, flow velocity, and water quality monitoring described in 2 to 3 to 5 days. . In one aspect of the present invention, the monitoring device is located 5 to 10 m away from the oasis surface water. The distance between the monitoring device and the groundwater monitoring well is 30 to 500 m. The environmental tracer is fluorescent dye. It is a material or isotope. In this application, the simultaneous monitoring function of surface water and groundwater is realized by optimizing the placement position of the monitoring device. Make the most of it. Beneficial Effects: (1) The monitoring device of the present invention monitors the surface water level, groundwater level, etc. by combining the monitoring pole and the monitoring well. It is possible to monitor the amount of water and evaporation, and by releasing environmental tracers, it is possible to monitor the groundwater flow direction. The direction and velocity of the flow can be monitored, and groundwater samples can be taken to further monitor groundwater quality. By monitoring the surface water and groundwater in the oasis-desert transition zone, simultaneous high-speed automatic monitoring can be realized. It is more comprehensive and integrated than a single monitoring tool, and is able to monitor changes in water resources in the oasis-desert transition zone. It is possible to predict trends in real time. (2) The monitoring method of the present invention optimizes the placement position of the inspection device and the specific dynamic monitoring and correction method. By implementing this system, surface water and groundwater level information can be monitored in real time, enabling dynamic adjustment and monitoring. By appropriately increasing or decreasing the viewing frequency, it is possible to efficiently and scientifically manage the surface water and land areas in the oasis-desert transition zone. Dynamic monitoring of sewage can be realized. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a monitoring pole. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a front view of the monitoring pipe pole. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a side view of the monitoring pipe pole and a schematic diagram of the connection relationship with the monitoring well. [Figure 5] 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a monitoring pipe pole. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a front view of the multifunction cartridge. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the multi-function cartridge. [Figure 8] 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-function cartridge after the protruding block is blocked by the blocking block to move the sealing plate. FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a monitoring well. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a side view of the multi-function cartridge.

[0005] [Explanation of symbols] 1 Guard post 11 First connecting rod 12 Second connecting rod 13 Third connecting rod 14 Water Tank 15 Evaporator 16 aperture 17 Control box 2 Surveillance Well 21 Limiting slide rail 22 Through hole 23 Operation port 3 Radar water level gauge 4. Solar panels 5. Pressure-type water level gauge 6 Monitoring Pipe Pillar 60 Lifting mechanism 61 Drive motor 62 Output shaft 63 Drive Gear 64 Limit engagement groove 65 Driven gear 66 L-shaped rod 67 Block 68 Limit Slider 69 Steel cable 7 Inner sleeve 71 Tooth space 72 Engagement groove 8 Multi-function Cartridge 80 Opening and closing mechanism 81 Environmental Tracer Cavity 82 Groundwater Sampling Cavern 83 Flow guide tube 84 sliding groove 85 Direction port 86 Sealing plate 87 Spring 88 Protruding Block 89 L-shaped engagement plate 9. Windlass DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0006] Example 1: The surface water and groundwater monitoring device in the oasis-desert transition zone is shown in Figure 1. The monitoring pole 1 is installed on top, and the lower end of the monitoring pole 1 is connected to the monitoring pole 1 and part of it is inserted underground. The bottom of the monitoring well 2 extends below the groundwater level, and the above-ground part of the monitoring well 2 The length of a minute is 0.8m, As shown in Figure 2, a radar water level gauge 3 is installed on one side of a monitoring pole 1, and a solar panel is installed on the other side. The radar water level gauge 3 is fixedly connected to the monitoring pole 1 via a first connecting rod 11. The bottom of the solar panel 4 is connected to the third connecting rod 13, which is fixed on the monitoring pole 1. The second connecting rod 12 is fixedly connected to the solar panel 4, and the end of the second connecting rod 12 is connected to the condensed water of the solar panel 4. A water tank 14 is provided for storing the water, and the water tank 14 is located below the solar panel 4. An evaporator 15 is further provided at the end of the second connecting rod 12, and the evaporator 15 is connected to the bottom of the water tank 14. A control box 17 is provided at the top of the monitoring pole 1, and communicates with an opening 16 provided in the monitoring pole 1. A signal transmitter / receiver connected to the radar water level gauge 3 and the pressure water level gauge 5 is provided in the water level gauge 7. The transmitter and receiver are commercially available products, and the monitoring data of the radar water level gauge 3 is transmitted via the signal transmitter and receiver. The monitoring data is received by an external device (such as a computer), and the radar water level meter 3 The solar panel 4 is a commercially available solar panel, and the evaporator 15 is a commercially available ZHD evaporation measuring needle, and is connected to a signal transmitter / receiver and a radar water level gauge 3, a pressure type water level gauge The communication connection method between the 5 and external devices (computers, etc.) This is a mature existing technology, so a detailed explanation will be omitted here. As shown in FIG. 3, a pressure-type water level meter 5 is provided at the inner bottom of the monitoring well 2. A commercially available monitoring pipe pole that can be raised and lowered by driving a lifting mechanism 60 inside the monitoring well 2. A rotatable inner sleeve 7 is provided in the monitoring pipe 6. At the outer bottom end, there are 12 multi-function cartridges for releasing environmental tracers and collecting groundwater samples. Tridge 8 is provided, As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a one-turn engagement groove 64 is formed on the inside of the upper portion of the monitoring pipe pole 6. The drive gear 63 and the driven gear 65 are connected to each other in a symmetrical manner in the engagement groove 64. The wheel 63 and the driven gear 65 are both meshed with the tooth grooves 71 formed on the upper outer wall of the inner sleeve 7. The drive gear 63 is driven by the drive motor 61 in the monitoring pipe 6. An inverted L-shaped connecting rod 66 is rotatably connected to the top of the gear 65. The other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the monitoring pipe 6, and the drive motor 61 is a commercially available servo motor. The drive gear 63 is fixedly connected to the output shaft 62 of the drive motor 61, As shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the multi-function cartridge 8 is detachably attached to the bottom outer wall of the inner sleeve 7. The multi-function cartridge 8 has two chambers, one of which is an annular chamber. The first chamber 81 stores the groundwater tracer, and the other chamber collects the groundwater sample. The second chamber 82 is a chamber in which the air is collected, and the first chamber 81 and the second chamber 82 are provided on the outer walls thereof. Each of the multi-function cartridges 8 is provided with a flow guide port 85, and the two flow guide ports 85 can be opened and closed simultaneously. An opening and closing mechanism 80 is further provided for opening and closing the first chamber 81 and the second chamber 82. A flow guide pipe 83 is connected to the top, and twelve operation ports 23 are provided on the upper side wall of the monitoring well 2. When the monitoring pipe column 6 is raised to the top of the monitoring well 2, each multi-function cartridge 8 is The multi-function cartridge 8 is removed and the inside of the multi-function cartridge 8 is It is used to replenish some environmental tracers and extract collected groundwater samples. As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the opening and closing mechanism 80 is a sliding mechanism provided on the front surface of the multi-function cartridge 8. The sliding groove 84 includes a sealing plate 86 slidably mounted therein. The sealing plate 86 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the sliding groove 84 through three springs 87, and the other side of the sealing plate 86 is fixed to the inner wall of the sliding groove 84 through three springs 87. The screw 87 contacts the other inner wall of the sliding groove 84, and the protruding block 8 8, a blocking block 67 is provided on the bottom inner wall of the monitoring pipe 6, and a protruding block 88 After rotating with the inner sleeve 7, it is docked with the blocking block 67, and the blocking block The sealing plate 86 is slid under the blocking action of the 67 to expose the guide hole 85 to the groundwater. As shown in FIGS. 2, 9 and 10, the lifting mechanism 60 is a steel rod provided at the top of the monitoring pipe column 6. The steel cable 69 extends to the top of the monitoring well 2, and a winch 9 is installed on the ground. The wire is extended, connected to the winding machine 9 through a through hole 22 provided in the side wall of the monitoring well 2, and wound up. The lifting machine 9 is a commercially available product, and limiting slide bars 68 are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the monitoring pipe pole 6. The limiting slide bar 68 is connected to the limiting slide rails 2 provided on both sides of the inner wall of the monitoring well 2. 1, and an L-shaped engagement plate 89 is provided on the rear surface of the multi-function cartridge 8. The plate 89 corresponds one-to-one to the plurality of engagement grooves 72 provided on the bottom outer wall of the inner sleeve 7. The engagement is releasably performed. Example 2: This example differs from Example 1 in the following respects: the length of the aboveground portion of the monitoring well 2 is 0. The length is 5 m, and the number of multi-function cartridges 8 is eight. Example 3: This example differs from Example 1 in the following points: The length of the aboveground part of the monitoring well 2 is 1 m. The number of multi-function cartridges 8 is seven. Description: The length of the above-ground part of the monitoring well 2 determines the length of the monitoring pipe pole 6. The longer the length, the longer the length of the monitoring pipe pole 6 that can be accommodated, the larger the well opening, and the more multi-function cartridge Conversely, the shorter the above-ground portion of the monitoring well 2, the smaller the number of monitoring wells that can be accommodated. This is suitable when the length of the pillar 6 is short, the well is small, and the number of multi-function cartridges 8 is small. The length of the above-ground part of the monitoring well 2 also determines the position of the operation port 23, allowing the operator to operate the multi-function device at an appropriate height. It is convenient to replace or remove the cartridge 8, More multi-function cartridges8 extend the frequency of environmental tracer replenishment and groundwater sampling However, the size of the multi-functional cartridge needs to be reduced, and the addition of environmental tracers is required. Therefore, the number of multi-function cartridges 8 should be limited to an appropriate range. It is necessary to control it. Example 4: This example is a study on the surface water and soil quality of the oasis-desert transition zone based on the monitoring device of Example 1. A method for monitoring sewage is described, the method comprising the steps of: S1, Monitoring point placement: Place monitoring equipment in the center of the oasis-desert transition zone. Six groundwater monitoring wells were placed at the edge of the oasis-desert transition zone downstream of the The installation location is 8 m away from the oasis surface water, and the distance between the monitoring device and the groundwater monitoring well is 20 m. 0m, S2, Dynamic Monitoring: Surface water level monitoring: Radar water level gauge 3 monitors the oasis surface water level, monitoring cycle: 20 mi Monitor once every n Groundwater level monitoring: Monitor the groundwater level in the oasis-desert transition zone using pressure-type water level gauges 5, and set the monitoring cycle : Monitor once every 20 minutes, Monitoring the flow direction, flow velocity and quality of groundwater: The lifting mechanism 60 raises the monitoring pipe 6 above the groundwater level. The opening and closing mechanism 80 opens the first chamber 8 of the multi-function cartridge 8. The first chamber 81 and the second chamber 82 are opened, and the environmental tracer stored in the first chamber 81 is extracted from the ground. The environmental tracers were released into the sewer and collected by six groundwater monitoring wells. Based on the location of the groundwater monitoring wells where the environmental tracers were collected and the time at which the environmental tracers were collected, The flow direction and velocity of the groundwater are further determined by the second chamber 82. was collected once and water quality was monitored. Monitoring period for groundwater flow direction, flow rate and water quality: once every 6 days At the same time, we investigated the photosynthetic fluorescence of plants in the oasis-desert transition zone along the groundwater level gradient. Observing the photosynthesis and transpiration of S3, Dynamic monitoring correction: If the change in the surface water level on that day exceeds 20% of the average change in the 7-day water level, S 2. Adjust the monitoring period for groundwater flow direction, flow velocity and water quality monitoring to 4 days. Example 5: This example differs from Example 4 in the following points: In S1, a total of five groundwater monitors The monitoring equipment is installed 5m away from the oasis surface water. The distance between groundwater monitoring wells is 30 m. Example 6: This example differs from Example 4 in the following points: In S1, a total of eight groundwater monitors were used. The monitoring equipment is installed 10m away from the oasis surface water. The distance between the well and the groundwater monitoring well is 500m. Explanation: The location of the monitoring equipment is adjusted appropriately according to the area and width of the oasis-desert transition zone. do. Example 7: This example differs from Example 4 in the following points: In S2, the monitoring of the surface water level is performed. Visual cycle: Monitored once every 15 minutes Groundwater level monitoring cycle: Monitor once every 15 minutes. Monitoring period for groundwater flow direction, flow rate and water quality: Monitor once every 5 days. Example 8: This example differs from Example 4 in the following points: In S2, the monitoring of the surface water level is performed. Visual cycle: Monitored once every 30 minutes Groundwater level monitoring cycle: Monitor once every 30 minutes. Monitoring period for groundwater flow direction, flow rate and water quality: Monitor once every 7 days. Example 9: This example differs from Example 4 in the following points: In S3, the groundwater flow of S2 Adjust the monitoring period for direction, water flow speed and water quality monitoring to 3d. Example 10: This example differs from Example 4 in the following points: In S3, the groundwater water of S2 Adjust the monitoring period for flow direction, water velocity and water quality monitoring to 5 days. Operation principle: When S2 is performed, the release of environmental tracers and the collection of groundwater samples are carried out simultaneously. The frequency of the drive motor 61 is preset. For example, in the fourth embodiment, the frequency is set to 6 d. When releasing environmental tracers and collecting groundwater samples, the drive motor 61 automatically rotates every 6 days. Automatic start, constant rotation angle, slow rotation speed, multi-function cartridge 8 environmental tracer - The internal environment of the cavern 81 is completely released, and the internal environment of the groundwater sample cavern 82 is completely released. It is ensured that sewage is adequately collected; During the process of rotating the output shaft 62 and the driving gear 63, the driving motor 61 rotates the tooth groove 71. The inner sleeve 7 rotates synchronously, causing the driven gear 65 to rotate, and the drive gear 63 and the driven gear The wheel 65 rotates within the limiting engagement groove 64, thereby providing stability during rotation of the inner sleeve 7. At the same time, one multi-function cartridge 8 rotates past the position of the blocking block 67. When the sealing plate 86 is inserted, the sealing plate 86 is pushed in under the blocking action of the protruding block 88 and the blocking block 67. 6 to the state shown in FIG. 8. The internal environmental tracer in the boundary tracer cavity 81 was completely released, and at the same time, the groundwater sample cavity 8 When the internal groundwater of the 2 is sufficiently collected and continues to rotate, the protruding block 88 becomes the blocking block. The block 67 rotates and passes the position of the block 67, and the blocking block 67 no longer blocks the protruding block 88. At this time, under the action of the spring 87, the sealing plate 86 is reset, and the state of FIG. 8 becomes the state of FIG. 6. The flow outlet 85 of the multifunctional cartridge 8 is sealed again, and the collected groundwater sample is The next time the drive motor 61 is started, the same method is used to drive the adjacent multi-function cart. Conduct environmental tracer release and groundwater sample collection on Ridge 8. After all multifunctional cartridges 8 environmental tracer releases and groundwater sample collection were completed , environmental tracer replenishment and groundwater sample sending for testing are required. The monitoring pipe pole 6 is raised by the lifting machine 9, that is, the steel rope 69 is pulled to lift the monitoring pipe pole 6. The pillar 6 is raised, and the limiting slide bar 68 slides within the limiting slide rail 21, and the monitoring pipe pillar 6, align each multi-function cartridge 8 with each operation port 23, and then operate The user removes the multi-function cartridge 8 and removes the L-shaped engagement plate 89 from the engagement groove 72. After completing the access of the multi-function cartridge 8, the corresponding flow channel for the second chamber 82 is opened. The top seal lid of the 83 was opened, and the groundwater sample was drawn up or poured using an external pump. An environmental tracer is added to the inside of the flow pipe 83 corresponding to the chamber 81, and the flow pipe 83 is sealed. Just close the lid. The storage battery provided inside the solar panel 4 is electrically connected to the drive motor 61 to supply power. If the drive motor 61 is not started frequently, an independent battery may be used. Experimental example: In this experiment, the inland river basin in arid regions was studied, and the Qilian Mountain Heihe River basin was used as a typical example. Select and use remote sensing data, observation data, field station data, and experimental analysis data. Multi-source and multi-layered data, including data from various industries, social survey data, and future climate model data. Comprehensively utilizing scale data, we will analyze the water consumption discipline and ecosystem of inland river basins in arid regions. Clarifying water regulation mechanisms and water resources under multiple scenarios of climate change and socio-economic development Capacity assessment and innovation potential of all water sources (surface water, groundwater and unconventional water resources) and determine the water resource capacity threshold of the socio-economic-ecological system. In this invention, we further investigated plant photocoordination in the oasis-desert ecotone using a photosynthetic fluorescence measurement system. Observation of the use and transpiration action, specifically, A LI-COR6800 photosynthetic fluorescence measurement system was used to measure the water table gradient in a desert area. By observing the photosynthesis and transpiration of plants, the light response curve of plants under the corresponding water conditions can be calculated. , CO2 response curve and circadian curve of photosynthesis are obtained, and then light compensation point, light saturation point, Sum point, apparent quantum efficiency, CO2 compensation point, CO2 saturation point, CO2 utilization efficiency (Rubisc Calculate the values ​​of important physiological parameters (enzyme activity) to evaluate photosynthetic capacity under constant water conditions. At the same time, the pre-dawn chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the plant body are measured simultaneously. Measure stomatal conductance and plant moisture levels on leaves before dawn and midday using a pressure chamber and dew point microvoltmeter. The change in water potential and the daily change in leaf water potential were measured, and the water use efficiency and the unit leaf water Calculate the change in conductivity. The effect of changes in water conditions on plant photosynthesis and water relations activity. Compare the differences. A root system baseline survey will be conducted for the dominant tree species and herbaceous plants. The fresh and dry weights of the shoots and assimilated branches are measured, and the surface area of ​​the assimilated branches is calculated. The root system was dug up to the depth by the system excavation method, and the taproot depth, number, length and depth distribution of each lateral root were measured. Record the circumference and root diameter. Approximate each absorption root as a cylinder and calculate the surface area from the measured diameter and length. The average value of five replicates for each type is used. The plant root system absorption area is calculated for each depth interval of 0.1 m. The root cap dry weight of the plant is calculated and the fresh and dry weights of the underground biomass are measured. The ratio of root surface area to leaf surface area and the ratio of root surface area to leaf surface area were calculated, and these indices were used to determine the long-term water use strategy of plants. We evaluate the photosynthate distribution characteristics based on this. In addition, S4, Plant Water Sources and Watering Strategies, includes: The stable isotope method is used to determine the water source of plants. There are slight differences in hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope compositions, and isotope fractionation occurs during the water absorption process of the root system. First, δD and δ 18 The water from each water source and plant tissue water was analyzed using an O isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The stable isotope composition of nitrogen and oxygen was analyzed and then the water sources of plants were analyzed using a multi-water source mixing model. We will estimate the spatial and temporal differences in water resource utilization among different plant species and investigate the water balance between adjacent plants. Determine the utilization ratio, Plant samples: Six plants with similar morphological characteristics were selected and sampled. Sampling is performed once per Sampling method: Non-green, corked twigs and shallow root systems of plants (0.3–0.5 cm diameter). After quickly removing the epidermis, the specimen was placed in a sampling bottle. The contents were sealed in film, placed in a portable cooler box, and taken back to the laboratory, where they were frozen. Soil samples: Samples were taken at the base of the plants under study at the same frequency as the plant samples. One sampling is performed per sample. Sampling method: Using a soil drill, 0-20, 20-40, 40-80, and 80-12 0, 120-160, 160-200, 200-240, 240-280, 280-30 A soil sample was collected at a depth of 0 cm, and a portion of the sample was immediately sampled. Put it in a bottle, put it in a portable cooler box, take it back to the laboratory, and freeze it. Precipitation samples: Precipitation samples were collected before each sampling, and six replicate samples were taken each time. The sample is taken and placed in a sample bottle, then brought back to the laboratory and stored in a refrigerator. Groundwater samples: Groundwater samples from the monitoring equipment and the groundwater monitoring well nearest to the experimental area were collected. Samples were collected at the same frequency as water samples, brought back to the laboratory, and stored refrigerated. The groundwater samples were filtered through a 0.22 μm pore size filter before analysis. Place in a sample bottle, seal with parafilm, and store in the refrigerator for analysis. Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer (LWIA, DLT-100, L) based on stable isotope infrared spectroscopy technology Gatos Research, Mountain View, CA, USA) Measure the stable oxygen isotope ratio of the sample using: JPEG0007758913000002.jpg10143In the formula, R sample is the abundance ratio of heavy and light isotopes of an element in a sample, e.g. ( 18 O / 16 O) sample and R standard is an international standard material (hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes) The ratio of heavy and light isotopes in the v-SMOW is used, for example ( 18 O / 16 O)standard d. δ 18 The measurement error of the O value is less than 0.25‰. The possibility of Haloxylon ammodendron and Sanmochloa villosa utilizing each water source was investigated. The model calculates the ratio of possible isotope masses to the total mass of the nuclei. It is based on the formula, and is used to calculate the rate at which plants utilize each water source when there are multiple water sources. It can also be used to identify sources of air pollutants and food sources for animals. δ of each potential water source 18 Substituting the O value into the model, a mass balance equation is constructed, and the following equation is obtained: Shown: JPEG0007758913000003.jpg865JPEG0007758913000004.jpg8102In the formula, f A , f B, f C , f D is the proportion of each water source, and δ A , δ B , δ C , δ D is the δ of each water source 18 O value, and δ M is the δ of plant xylem water 18 O value.

Claims

1. A monitoring pole (1) installed on the ground, and a part of the monitoring pole (1) connected to the lower end of the monitoring pole (1) and a monitoring well (2) inserted underground, the bottom of the monitoring well (2) being in contact with groundwater. The length of the above-ground portion of the monitoring well (2) is 0.5 to 1 m, A radar water level indicator (3) is provided on one side of the monitoring pole (1), and a solar panel (4) is provided on the other side. ) was established, A pressure-type water level meter (5) is provided at the bottom of the monitoring well (2), and A monitoring pipe column (6) is provided, which is raised and lowered by driving a lifting mechanism (60), A rotatable inner sleeve (7) is provided in the inner sleeve (6), and the outer lower end of the inner sleeve (7) Several multi-functional cartridges ( 8) is provided, There are two chambers in the multi-functional cartridge (8), one of which is an environmental The first chamber (81) stores the tracer, and the other chamber collects the groundwater sample. and a second chamber (82) where the first chamber (81) and the second chamber ( The outer wall of each of the multi-function cartridges (8) is provided with a flow guide port (85). An opening / closing mechanism (80) is provided for simultaneously opening and closing the above-mentioned guide ports (85), and the monitoring well A plurality of operation ports (23) are provided on the upper side wall of the tube (2), and the monitoring pipe column (6) is connected to the monitoring well (2). When the multi-function cartridges (8) are raised to the upper position, they are aligned with the operation ports (23). The multi-function cartridge (8) is taken out and the inside of the multi-function cartridge (8) is Used to replenish environmental tracers and extract collected groundwater samples, The present invention relates to a surface water and groundwater monitoring device for an oasis-desert transition zone.

2. The radar water level indicator (3) is fixed to the monitoring post (1) via a first connecting rod (11). The bottom of the solar panel (4) is connected to the monitoring column ( 1) and is fixedly connected to a second connecting rod (12) fixed to said second connecting rod (12) A water tank (14) for storing condensed water from the solar panel (4) is provided at the end of the The water tank (14) is located below the solar panel (4) and is connected to the end of the second connecting rod (12). An evaporator (15) is further provided, and the evaporator (15) is provided at the bottom of the water tank (14). A control box (17) is provided at the top of the monitoring post (1), and communicates with the opening (16) provided therein. The signal transmitter / receiver connected to the radar water level gauge (3) and pressure water level gauge (5) is installed in the box (17).

2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a transmitter.

3. A one-turn engagement groove (64) is opened on the upper inside of the monitoring pipe pole (6), and the engagement groove (6 The drive gear (63) and the driven gear (65) are connected in a symmetrical meshing arrangement within the gear 4. The wheel (63) and the driven gear (65) are fitted into the tooth grooves ( 71), and the driving gear (63) is connected to the driving motor in the monitoring pipe (6). The driven gear (65) is driven by the rotor (61), and an inverted L-shaped connecting rod (66) is attached to the top of the driven gear (65). is rotatably connected, and the other end of the inverted L-shaped connecting rod (66) is connected to the inner wall of the monitoring pipe column (6).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is fixedly connected.

4. The multi-function cartridges (8) are 8 to 15 in total, and the opening / closing mechanism (80) is a multi-function The cartridge (8) has a sliding groove (84) opened on the front surface thereof, and the inside of the sliding groove (84) A sealing plate (86) is slidably provided at the portion, and one side of the sealing plate (86) is provided with a plurality of springs (8 The other side of the sealing plate (86) is fixed to the inner wall of the sliding groove (84) through the Under the action of the screw (87), it abuts against the other inner wall of the sliding groove (84) and protrudes against the front surface of the sealing plate (86). An exit block (88) is provided, and a blocking block (67) is provided on the bottom inner wall of the monitoring pipe (6). The protruding block (88) is provided with a protruding block (88) which rotates together with the inner sleeve (7) and then Docked with the blocking block (67) and sealed under the blocking action of the blocking block (67) The plate (86) is slid to expose the guide holes (85) to groundwater.

10. The device of claim 1.

5. The lifting mechanism (60) is connected to a steel cable (69) at the top of the monitoring pipe pole (6) and to the ground. The steel cable (69) extends to the top of the monitoring well (2). The winding machine (9) is connected to the winding machine (9) through a through hole (22) provided in the side wall of the monitoring well (2). Connected, The monitoring pipe pole (6) is provided with a limiting slide bar (68) on each side of the outer wall thereof, and the limiting slide bar (68) is provided on each side of the outer wall of the monitoring pipe pole (6). The limit slide bar (68) is a limit slide rail provided on both sides of the inner wall of the monitoring well (2). slidingly connected to the valve (21), An L-shaped engaging plate (89) is provided on the back of the multi-function cartridge (8), and the L-shaped engaging plate (8 9) is one-to-one with a plurality of engagement grooves (72) provided on the bottom outer wall of the inner sleeve (7).

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the first and second connectors are correspondingly releasably engaged with each other.

6. A method for irrigating surface water and soil in an oasis-desert transition zone based on a device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

1. A method for monitoring sewerage, comprising the steps of: S1, Monitoring point placement: The monitoring device is placed in the center of the oasis-desert transition zone, and monitoring is performed. placing a plurality of groundwater monitoring wells at the edge of the oasis-desert transition zone downstream of the device; S2. Dynamic monitoring: Surface water level monitoring: The radar water level gauge (3) monitors the oasis surface water level, and the monitoring period is: Monitor every 15 to 30 minutes. Groundwater level monitoring: The pressure-type water level gauge (5) monitors the groundwater level in the oasis-desert transition zone. ,Monitoring cycle: Monitor once every 15 to 30 minutes, Monitoring the flow direction, flow velocity and quality of groundwater: The monitoring pipe column (6) is lifted by a lifting mechanism (60). The multi-function cartridge is driven to lower the water level below the groundwater level by the opening and closing mechanism (80). The first chamber (81) and the second chamber (82) of the ledge (8) are opened, and the first chamber (81) The environmental tracer stored in the facility is released into groundwater, and the released environmental tracer is The number of groundwater monitoring wells that recovered environmental tracers Based on the location and time of collection of environmental tracers, the groundwater flow direction and velocity were determined. At the same time, a groundwater sample is collected once in the second chamber (82) to monitor the water quality. Monitoring period for groundwater flow direction, flow rate and water quality: once every 5-7 days S3, Dynamic monitoring correction: If the change in the surface water level on that day exceeds 20% of the average change in the 7-day water level, S 2. Adjust the monitoring period of the groundwater flow direction, flow velocity, and water quality monitoring to 3 to 5 days. A method for monitoring surface water and groundwater in an oasis-desert transition zone, comprising:

7. The monitoring device is located 5 to 10 m away from the oasis surface water. The distance between groundwater monitoring wells is 30 to 500 m, and the environmental tracer is a fluorescent dye or the like.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the compound is a diastereomeric form.

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