Conductor, laminated board, imaging system

Abstract

This conductor 30 is arranged on an arrangement surface M. The arrangement surface M includes a second region R2, which contains a reference point P, and a first region R1, which contains the second region R2. Of the straight lines that extend from the reference point P, the maximum length of overlap with the first region R1 is at least 20% of the length from the reference point P to the position on the conductor 30 farthest removed from the reference point P. In the first region R1, when the conductor 30 is projected onto the first surface M1, the normal line at each position on the conductor 30 is removed from the reference point on the arrangement surface M.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrical conductor, a laminated plate having the electrical conductor, and an imaging system having the laminated plate. [Background technology]

[0002] Conductive laminated plates are widely used. Conductive laminated plates generate heat when electricity is applied, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-173402 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-72674. Conductive laminated plates are used, for example, as window glass for moving objects such as vehicles. In the case of a moving object, the conductive laminated plate can remove fog, melt snow or ice, and / or evaporate water droplets. As a result, passengers or a camera device inside the moving object can ensure visibility through the laminated plate.

[0003] When light is irradiated onto a laminated plate having a conductor, the light is diffracted by the conductor. In the case of a moving object, the light diffracted by the conductor is observed as a beam of light by a passenger or a camera inside the moving object. The beam of light adversely affects the visibility of the passenger or the camera inside the moving object. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The present invention aims to suppress the adverse effects of light rays.

[0005] The first conductor of the present invention is a conductor arranged on an arrangement surface, the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; In the first area, a normal at each position on the conductor projected onto a first surface deviates from a reference point on the placement surface.

[0006] The second conductor of the present invention is a conductor arranged on an arrangement surface, The conductive portion extends while bending to form convex portions on opposite sides alternately, the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; In the first region, when the smaller angle between a first line segment connecting the vertices of two adjacent convex portions in the conductive portion projected onto the first surface and the direction in which the conductive portion extends is x° or less, the smaller angle between the direction in which the conductive portion extends and a second line segment connecting the center of the first line segment and the reference point is less than (90-x)°.

[0007] A third conductor of the present invention is a conductor arranged on an arrangement surface, the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; At each position of the conductor in the first area when projected onto the first surface, the smaller of the angles formed by the tangent to the conductor at that position and the line segment connecting the reference point and that position is less than 90°.

[0008] In the first to third conductors of the present invention, the first surface may be a surface perpendicular to an optical axis of an imaging device that images the conductor.

[0009] In the first to third conductors of the present invention, the first surface may be a surface perpendicular to the direction in which the conductor is observed.

[0010] A fourth conductor of the present invention is a conductor arranged on an arrangement surface, Let n be a natural number greater than or equal to 3. when the placement surface is divided into n sections by n line segments extending radially from a reference point on the placement surface, the conductor includes first portions arranged in a radial direction with the reference point as a center in each section; The first portion approaches the reference point at a middle portion and extends away from the reference point from the middle portion toward an end portion.

[0011] In the fourth conductor of the present invention, the first portion may include a portion extending in a direction along the boundary between the area in which the first portion is disposed and an adjacent area.

[0012] In the fourth conductor of the present invention, in the first portion, two portions extending from the intermediate portion toward the end portions may be connected at one point in the intermediate portion.

[0013] In the fourth conductor of the present invention, the first portions may be arranged symmetrically only with respect to the reference point.

[0014] In the fourth conductor of the present invention, the first portions may be arranged to have n-fold symmetry with respect to the reference point.

[0015] In the fourth conductor of the present invention, n may be 4.

[0016] In the first to fourth conductors of the present invention, the placement surface may be a surface of a base material that supports the conductor or a surface of a substrate on which the conductor is provided.

[0017] In the first to fourth electric conductors of the present invention, the reference point may be the center of an area photographed by an imaging device that photographs the electric conductor.

[0018] The first laminate of the present invention is A pair of substrates; and any of the conductors described above disposed between the pair of substrates.

[0019] The second laminate of the present invention is A pair of substrates; the first conductor disposed between the pair of substrates; a colored layer provided on one side of the substrate, At least a portion of a position on the conductor, where the normal of the conductor passes through the reference point and is projected onto the first surface, overlaps with the colored layer.

[0020] The first imaging system of the present invention comprises: Any of the laminated boards described above; a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, The imaging device images an area centered on the reference point.

[0021] The second imaging system of the present invention comprises: Laminated board and a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, the laminated plate has a conductor disposed on a placement surface; the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the reference point is an intersection of an optical axis of the image capture device and the placement surface, the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; In the first area, a normal at each position on the conductor, when the conductor is projected onto a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging device, deviates from the reference point.

[0022] The third imaging system of the present invention is Laminated board and a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, the laminated plate has a conductor disposed on a placement surface; the conductor has conductive portions that extend while bending to form convex portions on alternately opposite sides, the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the reference point is an intersection of an optical axis of the image capture device and the placement surface, the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; In the first area, when the smaller angle between a first line segment connecting the vertices of two adjacent convex portions in the conductive portion when the conductor is projected onto a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging device and the direction in which the conductive portion extends is x° or less, the smaller angle between the direction in which the conductive portion extends and a second line segment connecting the center of the first line segment and the reference point is less than (90-x)°.

[0023] The fourth imaging system of the present invention is Laminated board and a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, the laminated plate has a conductor disposed on a placement surface; the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the reference point is an intersection of an optical axis of the image capture device and the placement surface, the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; At each position of the conductor in the first area when projected onto a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging device, the smaller of the angles formed by the tangent to the conductor and the line segment connecting the reference point and the position is less than 90°.

[0024] The fifth imaging system of the present invention comprises: Laminated board and a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, the laminated plate has a conductor disposed on a placement surface; Let n be a natural number greater than or equal to 3. when the placement surface is divided into n sections by n line segments extending radially from a reference point on the placement surface, the conductor includes conductive parts arranged in each section in a radial direction with the reference point as a center, the reference point is an intersection of an optical axis of the image capture device and the placement surface, The conductive portion approaches the reference point at a middle portion and extends from the middle portion toward an end portion so as to move away from the reference point.

[0025] According to the present invention, the adverse effects of light rays can be suppressed. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment, and is a perspective view that schematically shows a moving body equipped with a laminated plate. In particular, Fig. 1 schematically shows an automobile equipped with a front window made of a laminated plate as an example of a moving body. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic view of an imaging system including a mounting plate and an imaging device. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a view showing the laminated plate of FIG. 1 from the normal direction of the plate surface. [Figure 4A] FIG. 4A is an example of a cross-sectional view of the cladding plate taken along line IV-IV in FIG. [Figure 4B] 4B is another example of a cross-sectional view of the cladding plate taken along line IV-IV in FIG. [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A is a plan view showing the cladding plate of the present embodiment as viewed from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing an example of the cladding plate. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a plan view showing the cladding plate of the present embodiment as viewed from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing another example of the cladding plate. [Figure 5C] FIG. 5C is a plan view showing the cladding plate of the present embodiment as viewed from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing still another example of the cladding plate. [Figure 5D]FIG. 5D is a plan view showing the cladding plate of the present embodiment as viewed from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing still another example of the cladding plate. [Figure 5E] FIG. 5E is a plan view showing the cladding plate of the present embodiment as viewed from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing still another example of the cladding plate. [Figure 6A] FIG. 6A is a plan view showing an example of a conductor. [Figure 6B] FIG. 6B is a plan view showing another example of the conductor. [Figure 6C] FIG. 6C is a plan view showing still another example of a conductor. [Figure 6D] FIG. 6D is a plan view showing still another example of a conductor. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated board. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated board. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated board. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated board. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated board. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated board. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the principle of how a beam of light is generated. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the principle of how a beam of light is generated. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the principle of how rays of light are generated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. The scale and aspect ratios of the drawings attached to this specification have been changed and exaggerated from those of the actual objects for ease of illustration and understanding.

[0028] In this specification, the terms "plate," "sheet," and "film" are not distinguished from one another solely on the basis of differences in name. For example, a "conductor-attached sheet" is a concept that also includes members that can be called plates or films. For example, a "conductor-attached sheet" cannot be distinguished from members called "conductor-attached plate," "conductor-attached substrate," or "conductor-attached film" solely on the basis of differences in name.

[0029] The term "sheet surface" refers to the surface that coincides with the planar direction of the target sheet-like member when viewed from an overall and global perspective. The same applies when "sheet" is replaced with "plate" or "film."

[0030] Terms used in this specification that specify shapes and geometric conditions and their degrees, such as "parallel," "orthogonal," and "identical," as well as values ​​of lengths and angles, are not limited to strict meanings and are interpreted to include a range of degrees within which similar functions can be expected.

[0031] 1 to 15 are diagrams illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. Of these, FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an automobile equipped with a laminated plate. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an imaging system equipped with an imaging device and a laminated plate disposed inside the automobile. FIG. 3 is a diagram of the laminated plate as viewed from the normal direction of its plate surface. FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an example and another example of a cross section of the laminated plate taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3.

[0032] As shown in FIG. 1, an automobile 1, which is an example of a moving object, has window glass such as a front window, a rear window, and side windows. FIG. 1 illustrates an example in which the front window 5 is made of a laminated plate 10. The laminated plate 10 is fixed to the body of the automobile 1 with an adhesive. In this embodiment, the laminated plate 10 is used as a heat generating plate. The automobile 1 has a power source 7, such as a battery, and wiring 8 that connects the power source 7 and the laminated plate 10.

[0033] FIG. 2 shows a photographing system 3 having a windshield 5 and a photographing device 4. The windshield 5 is made of a laminated plate 10. The photographing device 4 is disposed facing the windshield 5. The photographing device 4 is disposed inside the automobile 1. The photographing device 4 photographs the exterior of the automobile 1 through the laminated plate 10. More specifically, the photographing device 4 can photograph the exterior of the automobile 1 through an opening 19a in a colored layer 19 of the laminated plate 10, which will be described later. The photographing device 4 may be capable of photographing video, capturing images, or both video and images. In this specification, "photography" includes not only video but also image capture. The video and images captured by the photographing device 4 are used, for example, for driving assistance or automatic driving of the automobile 1. The photographing device 4 is disposed so as to photograph an area centered on a reference point P on the laminated plate 10. The photographing device 4 photographs an image projected onto a first surface S, which is a surface perpendicular to its optical axis A. The optical axis A of the photographing device 4 passes through the reference point P. The photographing device 4 photographs the laminated board 10 projected onto a first surface S. The first surface S is a surface perpendicular to the direction in which the laminated board 10 is observed.

[0034] FIG. 3 shows the laminated board 10 as viewed from the normal direction of its plate surface. A portion of the laminated board 10 shown in FIG. 3 faces the image capture device 4. The image capture device 4 facing the laminated board 10 means that the image capture device 4 can capture images of the outside through the laminated board 10. An example of a cross-sectional view of the laminated board 10 taken along line IV-IV in the area facing the image capture device 4 and other examples are shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B . In the example shown in FIG. 4A , the laminated board 10 has a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12, a conductor-attached sheet 20, a first bonding layer 13, a second bonding layer 14, and a colored layer 19. The first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are spaced apart from each other. The conductor-attached sheet 20 is disposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The first bonding layer 13 bonds the first substrate 11 and the conductor-attached sheet 20 together. The second adhesive layer 14 bonds the second substrate 12 and the conductor-attached sheet 20 together. The colored layer 19 is provided on the side of the second substrate 12 opposite to the side on which the conductor-attached sheet 20 is disposed. On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 4B , the laminate 10 includes a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12, the conductor-attached sheet 20, a first adhesive layer 13, and a colored layer 19. The first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are spaced apart from each other. The conductor-attached sheet 20 is disposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The first adhesive layer 13 bonds the first substrate 11 and the conductor-attached sheet 20 together. The colored layer 19 is provided on the side of the second substrate 12 opposite to the side on which the conductor-attached sheet 20 is disposed. The laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4B is the laminate shown in FIG. 4A without the second adhesive layer 14. Not limited to the illustrated example, the colored layer 19 may be provided on the side of the second substrate 12 on which the conductor-attached sheet 20 is arranged. Alternatively, the colored layer 19 may be provided on either side of the first substrate 11. In the examples shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the laminate 10 is curved. On the other hand, in other figures, the laminate 10, first substrate 11, and second substrate 12 are shown as flat plates to facilitate understanding.

[0035] The conductor-attached sheet 20 has a base material 21, a pair of bus bars 25, and conductors 30. The pair of bus bars 25 and the conductors 30 are arranged on the base material 21. The conductors 30 are arranged between the pair of bus bars 25.

[0036] A power source 7 such as a battery applies a voltage to the conductor 30 between the pair of bus bars 25 via the wiring 8. Applying a voltage to the conductor 30 causes the conductor 30 to generate heat. The heat generated by the conductor 30 is transferred to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. This can remove fogging caused by condensation on the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 and melt snow and ice. As a result, good visibility is ensured for the occupants in the vehicle and the imaging device 4. Although not shown, a switch is usually inserted in the wiring 8. The switch is connected in series to the wiring 8. Closing the switch applies a voltage to the conductor 30. The presence of the switch allows the conductor 30 to generate heat only when necessary.

[0037] Each component of the laminated board 10 will be described below.

[0038] When the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are used on the front window of an automobile as in the example shown in FIG. 1, they preferably have high visible light transmittance so as not to obstruct the view of the occupants or to obstruct image capture by the image capture device 4. The material of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 may be, for example, soda lime glass or blue plate glass. The visible light transmittance of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 is preferably 90% or more. The visible light transmittance of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 is specified as the average value of the transmittance at each wavelength when measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation's "UV-3100PC", compliant with JIS K 0115) within the measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0039] The first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 preferably have a thickness of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. The first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 having such a thickness have excellent strength and optical properties. The first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 may be made of the same material and configured identically, or may differ from each other in at least one of the material and the configuration.

[0040] The first bonding layer 13 is disposed between the first substrate 11 and the sheet with conductors 20, and bonds the first substrate 11 and the sheet with conductors 20 to each other. The second bonding layer 14 is disposed between the second substrate 12 and the sheet with conductors 20, and bonds the second substrate 12 and the sheet with conductors 20 to each other. In the example shown in FIG. 4B, the second bonding layer 14 is omitted.

[0041] The first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 are made of various adhesive or sticky materials. The first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 preferably have a high visible light transmittance. The material of the first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 may be, for example, polyvinyl butyral. The thickness of the first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 is preferably 0.15 mm or more and 1 mm or less. The first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 may be made of the same material or may be different from each other in at least one of the material and the structure.

[0042] The colored layer 19 is provided to protect the adhesive used to secure the laminated sheet 10 to the body of the automobile 1 from ultraviolet rays and other harmful rays. Because such adhesive is provided on the peripheral edge of the laminated sheet 10, the colored layer 19 is provided along the peripheral edge of the laminated sheet 10. The colored layer 19 is also provided for purposes such as sunshields and suppressing ambient light from a camera. The colored layer 19 has low visible light transmittance. The colored layer 19 is formed, for example, with a dot pattern. The visible light transmittance of the colored layer 19 can be varied depending on the purpose by adjusting the density of the dots. The colored layer 19 can impart a design to the laminated sheet 10. The colored layer 19 may be a uniform, solid color overall, or may have a higher visible light transmittance toward the center of the laminated sheet 10 to impart a design. The colored layer 19 is preferably black, but may be other colors. The colored layer 19 may be made of, for example, black ceramic.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 3 , the colored layer 19 has an opening 19a in the field of view of the imaging device 4 at a portion of the periphery of the laminated plate 10. The colored layer 19 is not provided at the opening 19a, but is provided at the portion surrounding the opening 19a. The opening 19a may be a cutout portion of the colored layer 19. In other words, the opening 19a is a non-formed portion of the colored layer 19. The opening 19a may be a hole or cutout provided in the colored layer 19, or may be formed by, for example, filling a hole with a transparent resin. At the opening 19a, the laminated plate 10 faces the imaging device 4. The imaging device 4 can photograph the outside of the automobile 1 through the opening 19a. In this embodiment, the conductor-attached sheet 20 is provided at the position where the opening 19a of the colored layer 19 is provided. The shape of the opening 19a may be, for example, trapezoidal, rectangular, circular, etc. The size of the opening 19a may be, for example, 10 cm. 2 More than 200cm 2 It may be the following:

[0044] The field of view of the imaging device 4 may be any area where the colored layer 19 is not formed, and may be, for example, the area outside the colored layer 19 of the laminated board 10.

[0045] The laminated board 10 is not limited to the illustrated example, and may have other functional layers expected to exhibit specific functions. One functional layer may be configured to exhibit two or more functions. At least one of the first substrate 11 and second substrate 12 of the laminated board 10, the first bonding layer 13 and second bonding layer 14, and the base material 21 of the conductor-attached sheet 20 described below may be imparted with some function. The function imparted to the laminated board 10 may be, for example, an anti-reflection function, a hard coating function with scratch resistance, an infrared shielding function, an infrared reflecting function, an ultraviolet shielding function, an ultraviolet reflecting function, an anti-fouling function, a bonding function, etc.

[0046] The conductor-equipped sheet 20 has a base material 21, a pair of bus bars 25, and conductors 30. The pair of bus bars 25 and the conductors 30 are provided on the base material 21. The conductors 30 are provided so as to connect the pair of bus bars 25. In the present embodiment, the conductor-equipped sheet 20 is arranged only around the opening 19a in the laminated plate 10. The conductor-equipped sheet 20 may be arranged only in a position of the laminated plate 10 that faces an occupant of the automobile 1. Alternatively, the conductor-equipped sheet 20 may have substantially the same planar dimensions as the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 and be arranged over the entire laminated plate 10.

[0047] The base material 21 functions as a base material supporting the busbars 25 and the conductors 30. One surface of the base material 21 serves as the placement surface M, which will be described later. The base material 21 is an electrically insulating film that transmits light with wavelengths of 380 nm to 780 nm, which is in the visible light wavelength band. The base material 21 may be made of any material that transmits visible light and can appropriately support the busbars 25 and the conductors 30. Examples of the material for the base material 21 include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and cyclic polyolefin. The material for the base material 21 may also be a transparent material with adhesive properties, such as polyvinyl butyral. When the base material 21 has adhesive properties, the base material 21 can bond at least one of the substrates 11 and 12 to the conductor-attached sheet 20. When the base material 21 has adhesive properties, at least one of the bonding layers 13 and 14 may be omitted from the laminate 10. In the example shown in FIG. 4B, the base material 21 has adhesive properties, and the second bonding layer 14 is omitted. Considering transparency, proper support for bus bars 25 and conductors 30, and the like, the thickness of substrate 21 is preferably 0.03 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less.

[0048] "Transparent" means that the substrate is transparent enough to be seen through from one side to the other, and means, for example, a visible light transmittance of 30% or more, preferably 70% or more. The visible light transmittance is specified as the average value of the transmittance at each wavelength measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation's "UV-3100PC," compliant with JIS K 0115) in the measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0049] The pair of bus bars 25 are arranged apart from each other. The bus bars 25 are connected to the wiring 8 and the conductor 30. The pair of bus bars 25 have lower resistance than the conductor 30. The pair of bus bars 25 are less likely to generate heat. In order to lower the resistance, the pair of bus bars 25 have a wider line width than the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30, which will be described later. The pair of bus bars 25 are preferably arranged in a position overlapping the colored layer 19 so as to be less visible.

[0050] The conductors 30 are arranged in a predetermined pattern. At least a portion of the conductors 30 is arranged so as to overlap the openings 19a. The conductors 30 are arranged on an arrangement surface M. In the illustrated example, the arrangement surface M is the surface of the base material 21. Not limited to the illustrated example, when the conductors 30 are provided on the substrate 11, the arrangement surface M may be the surface of the substrate 11. Alternatively, the arrangement surface M may be a virtual surface. The arrangement surface M may be an envelope surface of the conductors 30.

[0051] The conductor 30 has a conductive portion 40. The conductive portion 40 extends linearly. Both ends of the conductive portion 40 are connected to a pair of bus bars 25. The conductive portions 40 are arranged to form a pattern of the conductor 30. Examples of patterns formed by the conductor 30 are shown in FIGS. 5A to 5E.

[0052] In the example shown in FIG. 5A, a portion of the conductive portion 40 extends in a radial direction from a reference point P on the arrangement surface M at a position overlapping the opening 19a. In the example shown in FIG. 5A, the angles between two conductive portions 40 adjacent in the circumferential direction centered on the reference point P are equal. The conductive portion 40 is connected to a pair of bus bars 25 at a position overlapping the colored layer 19. In order to connect to the pair of bus bars 25, a portion of the conductive portion 40 is bent or curved in the radial direction extending from the reference point P at a position overlapping the colored layer 19.

[0053] In the example shown in FIG. 5B , similar to the example shown in FIG. 5A , the conductive portion 40 extends radially from a reference point P on the arrangement surface M at a position overlapping the opening 19a. In the example shown in FIG. 5B , it is assumed that the laminated plate 10 on which the conductor 30 is arranged is arranged at an angle with respect to the first surface S, which is a surface perpendicular to the optical axis A of the imaging device 4, and the field of view of the occupant. It is assumed that the laminated plate 10 is observed from a direction inclined from the normal direction of the arrangement surface M. In other words, the arrangement surface M and the first surface S are non-parallel. The angles between two adjacent conductive portions 40 in the circumferential direction centered on the reference point P are non-uniform. When projected onto the first surface S, the angles between two adjacent conductive portions 40 in the circumferential direction centered on the reference point P are equal, as shown in FIG. 5A . The conductive portion 40 is connected to one of a pair of bus bars 25 at a position overlapping the colored layer 19. Some of the conductive portions 40 are bent or curved in the radial direction extending from the reference point P at positions overlapping the colored layer 19 in order to connect to a pair of bus bars 25.

[0054] In the example shown in FIG. 5C , one conductive portion 40 connects a pair of bus bars 25. The conductive portion 40 extends from one bus bar 25 to a position overlapping the opening 19a. At the position overlapping the opening 19a, the conductive portion 40 extends in a radial direction centered on a reference point P on the arrangement surface M. The conductive portion 40 is bent or curved and folded back near the reference point P, and then extends in a radial direction centered on the reference point P to a position overlapping the colored layer 19. At the position overlapping the colored layer 19, the conductive portion 40 is bent or curved and folded back, and extends again to a position overlapping the opening 19a. The conductive portion 40 extends back and forth between the position overlapping the colored layer 19 and the position overlapping the opening 19a, and connects to the other bus bar 25.

[0055] 5D, multiple conductive portions 40 extend in radial directions from one bus bar 25 to near a reference point P on arrangement surface M at a position overlapping with opening 19a, with reference point P as the center. Near reference point P, one of conductive portions 40 passes through the reference point, while the other conductive portions 40 are bent or curved and folded back near reference point P. Thereafter, conductive portions 40 extend in radial directions from reference point P as far as the other bus bar 25.

[0056] In the example shown in FIG. 5E, the multiple conductive portions 40 include first portions 41 and second portions 42. The first portions 41 are arranged in a radial direction around a reference point P on the arrangement surface M at positions overlapping the openings 19a. The second portions 42 connect two first portions 41 at a position overlapping the colored layer 19, or connect the first portions 41 to the bus bar 25. The first portions 41 are closest to the reference point P at an intermediate portion 41m and extend from the intermediate portion 41m toward the end portion 41e, moving away from the reference point P. The first portions 41 are connected to the second portions 42 at the end portion 41e. Preferably, the two portions extending from the intermediate portion 41m toward the end portion 41e are connected at a single point at the intermediate portion 41m. In other words, the intermediate portion 41m is a single point. The first portions 41 have a V-shaped broken line shape.

[0057] In the examples shown in FIGS. 5A to 5E, some of the conductive portions 40 are straight lines along the extending direction, but they may also be curved lines such as wavy lines along the extending direction.

[0058] The conductor 30 and the conductive portion 40 will be further described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D.

[0059] FIG. 6A shows the conductive portion 40 shown in FIG. 5C as an example. In the example shown in FIG. 6A, the placement surface M is divided into a first area R1, a second area R2, and a third area R3 when projected onto the first surface S. The first area R1 is adjacent to the second area R2 and the third area R3. The second area R2 includes a reference point P. The first area R1 is an area surrounding the second area R2. In other words, the first area R1 is an annular area surrounded by two non-intersecting lines that surround the reference point P. The first area R1 is in contact with the outer edge of the second area R2. The third area R3 is an area surrounding the first area R1. The third area R3 is in contact with the outer edge of the first area R1. Preferably, in projection onto the first plane S, the second area R2 is a circular area centered on the reference point P, and the first area R1 is an area surrounded by two concentric circles of different radii centered on the reference point P. Preferably, in projection onto a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the conductor 30 is observed, the arrangement plane M is divided into the first area R1, the second area R2, and the third area R3 according to the distance from the reference point P on the arrangement plane M.

[0060] The width of the first zone R1, in other words, the maximum length of the length of the line extending from the reference point P that overlaps the first zone R1, is 20% or more, preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 80% or more of the length from the reference point P to the position of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 that is farthest from the reference point P. For example, the maximum length of the line extending from the reference point P that overlaps the first zone R1 may be 2 cm or more, preferably 3.5 cm or more, and more preferably 5 cm or more. The line extending from the reference point P is a half line with the reference point P as its endpoint. The first zone R1 is preferably a zone that is 0.04 × d or more and d × tan(103.18 / w [°]) or less from the reference point P, where d is the distance between the imaging device 4 and the reference point P on the placement surface M, and w [μm] is the line width of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30. The upper and lower limits of the maximum length of the length over which a straight line extending from the reference point P overlaps the first region R1 may be any combination of the above-mentioned values.

[0061] In the example shown in FIG. 6A , the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 includes a portion extending in a radial direction centered on a reference point P. In the projection of the conductor 30 onto the first surface S, the portion extending in a radial direction centered on the reference point P is located at least in the first region R1. In the first region R1, a normal 40n at each position of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 projected onto the first surface S of the conductor 30 deviates from the reference point P. In other words, a normal 40n at each position of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 projected onto the first surface S does not pass through the reference point P. In further words, in the projection onto the first surface S, the smaller angle between any line passing through the reference point P on the placement surface M and the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 is less than 90°. The portion where the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 is located is, for example, a portion surrounded by the conductive portion 40 and the bus bar 25 that form the outline of the conductor 30. For example, if the photographing device 4 photographs the exterior of the automobile 1 through the opening 19a of the laminated plate 10, the area of ​​the portion where the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 is arranged is 90% or more, preferably 100% or more, and more preferably 110% or more of the area of ​​the opening 19a. The positions of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 where the normal 40n passes through the reference point P are preferably arranged so as not to be aligned in the radial direction.

[0062] 6A shows the conductor 30 shown in Fig. 5C as an example, but similarly, for the conductors 30 shown in Fig. 5A, 5B, and 5D, the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 includes a portion extending in a radial direction centered on the reference point P. For the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 shown in Fig. 5A, 5B, and 5D, in the projection of the conductor 30 onto the first surface S, the portion extending in a radial direction centered on the reference point P is located at least in the first region R1, and in the first region R1, the normal 40n at each position of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 projected onto a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the conductor 30 is observed deviates from the reference point P.

[0063] 6A, the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 includes a portion other than the portion extending in the radial direction centered on the reference point P, for example, a portion that is bent or curved and folded back. At each position of such a bent or curved portion, a normal 40n on the arrangement plane M of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 at that position may pass through the reference point P on the arrangement plane M. It is preferable that at least a part of such a portion is arranged in the second area R2, which is an area near the reference point P and includes the reference point P.

[0064] 6A shows the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5C as an example, but the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5D also includes a portion that is bent or curved and folded back near the reference point P. For the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5D, it is also preferable that at least a portion of the positions on the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 where the normal 40n passes through the reference point P is located in the second region R2.

[0065] 6A, at least a portion of the portion other than the portion extending in the radial direction from the reference point P, such as the bent or curved folded portion, is preferably located in a third region R3 away from the reference point P. The third region R3 is preferably a region overlapping the colored layer 19. At least a portion of the position on the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 where the normal 40n passes through the reference point P preferably overlaps the colored layer 19.

[0066] 6A shows the conductor 30 shown in Fig. 5C as an example, but similarly for the conductor 30 shown in Fig. 5A and Fig. 5B, the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 includes a portion that is bent or curved and folded back at a position away from the reference point P. For the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 shown in Fig. 5A and Fig. 5B, it is preferable that at least a portion of the position on the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 where the normal 40n passes through the reference point P is located in the third region R3.

[0067] FIG. 6B shows an enlarged example of a portion of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 in the first region R1 shown in FIG. 6A. In the example shown in FIG. 6B, the conductive portion 40 is a wavy line. The conductive portion 40 extends while curving to form convex portions alternately on opposite sides. In such a conductive portion 40, when the smaller angle between a first line segment la connecting the vertices t1 and t2 of two adjacent convex portions and the extension direction of the conductive portion 40 is x° or less, the smaller angle θ1 between the extension direction of the conductive portion 40 and a second line segment lb connecting the center of the first line segment la to the reference point P is less than (90-x)°. For example, when the smaller of the angles formed by the first line segment la connecting the vertices t1 and t2 of two adjacent protrusions and the direction in which the conductive portion 40 extends is 25° or less, the smaller angle θ1 formed by the direction in which the conductive portion 40 extends and the second line segment lb connecting the center of the first line segment la and the reference point P is less than 65°, preferably less than 30°, and more preferably less than 15°.

[0068] 6C shows an enlarged example of a portion of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 in the first region R1 shown in FIG. 6A. As shown in FIG. 6C, the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 may be a wavy line extending in a radial direction from a reference point P as a center, or may be a straight line. At each position on the conductive portion 40 of such a conductor 30, the smaller angle θ2 between the tangent 40t of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 at that position and a third line segment lc connecting the reference point P and that position is less than 90°, preferably 60° or less, more preferably 30° or less, and most preferably 0°.

[0069] FIG. 6D shows the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5E. The conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 includes first portions 41 arranged in a radial direction centered on a reference point P. The arrangement surface M on which the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 6D is arranged is divided into n sections by n line segments l1 to ln extending radially from the reference point P. The angle formed by any two adjacent line segments l1 to ln is less than 180°. The first portions 41 of the conductive portion 40 are arranged in each of the n sections. The first portions 41 arranged in each section do not extend into other sections. In other words, the first portions 41 do not cross the boundary between the section in which the first portions 41 are arranged and the adjacent section. Preferably, the first portions 41 include a portion extending in a direction along the boundary between the section in which the first portions 41 are arranged and the adjacent section. The boundaries between the area where the first portion 41 is arranged and the adjacent area are n line segments l1 to ln extending radially from a reference point P that divides the arrangement surface M into n areas. In the example shown in FIG. 6D , two portions of the first portion 41 extending from the middle portion 41m toward the end portion 41e extend along the boundaries between the area where the first portion 41 is arranged and each of the adjacent areas. In other words, the two portions of the first portion 41 extending from the middle portion 41m toward the end portion 41e extend along two line segments that extend radially from the reference point P and define the area where the first portion 41 is arranged. The first portions 41 arranged in each area are preferably n-fold symmetric with respect to the reference point P. In other words, when the first portion 41 is rotated 360° / n around the reference point P, it is preferable that the first portion 41 overlaps with the first portion 41 before rotation. The first portion 41 is preferably symmetric only with respect to the reference point P. If the first portion 41 is not smooth at the middle portion 41m, i.e., if there is an angle discontinuity at the middle portion 41m, it is preferable that the middle portion 41m is off the bisector of the angle between two adjacent line segments l1 to ln.

[0070] In the illustrated example, n is 4. In the illustrated example, the arrangement surface M is divided into four sections by four line segments extending radially from a reference point P. The first portions 41 are arranged so as to be four-fold symmetric with respect to the reference point P. Not limited to the illustrated example, n may be any natural number equal to or greater than 3.

[0071] The patterns of the conductors 30 shown in Figures 5A to 5E are merely examples. The conductors 30 can be arranged in any pattern as long as the pattern includes the features described with reference to Figures 6A to 6D. For example, the conductors 30 may be arranged in a pattern that combines the examples shown in Figures 5A to 5E. Depending on the arrangement pattern of the conductors 30, areas with high and low density of the conductive portions 40 of the conductor 30 may occur. In this case, for example, by adjusting the line width of the conductive portions 40, the function of the conductor 30 can be uniformly exerted throughout the conductor 30. For example, the amount of heat generated throughout the conductor 30 can be made closer to uniform. It is preferable that the line width of the portion of the conductor 30 overlapping the colored layer 19, such as the third region R3 shown in Figure 6A or the second portion 42 shown in Figure 5E, be large if heat generation is not required.

[0072] The camera 4 captures an area centered on a reference point P. The optical axis A of the camera 4 passes through the reference point P. The reference point P is a point on the placement surface M. The reference point P is the intersection of the optical axis A of the camera 4 and the placement surface M.

[0073] The conductor 30 may be formed using an opaque metal material. The non-coverage ratio is 70% or more at least at the position overlapping the opening 19a. The non-coverage ratio is the percentage of the area on the substrate 21 that is not covered by the conductor 30. The non-coverage ratio is also called the aperture ratio. The line width of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 is 2 μm or more and 20 μm or less at least at the position overlapping the opening 19a. The portion where the conductor 30 is provided is recognized as transparent as a whole at least at the position overlapping the opening 19a, so that the conductor 30 does not impair the transparency of the laminate 10 through the opening 19a.

[0074] 3, conductive portion 40 has an overall rectangular cross section. The average line width W of conductive portion 40, i.e., the average width W along the surface of laminate 10, is preferably 2 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and the average height H, i.e., the average height H along the normal direction to the surface of laminate 10, is preferably 1 μm or more and 60 μm or less. Conductive portion 40 having such dimensions is sufficiently thinned, so that conductive portion 40 can be effectively made invisible.

[0075] The conductor 30 is formed on the substrate 21 so as to have a high non-coverage ratio in order to ensure transparency of the laminate 10 or visibility through the laminate 10. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B , the first bonding layer 13 and the substrate 21 of the conductor-attached sheet 20 are in contact with each other in the areas between adjacent conductive portions 40. The conductive portions 40 are embedded in the first bonding layer 13.

[0076] As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B , the conductive portion 40 may include a conductive layer 47, a first dark layer 48 covering the surface of the conductive layer 47 facing the first substrate 11, and a second dark layer 49 covering the surface of the conductive layer 47 facing the second substrate 12 and both side surfaces. The conductive portion 40 preferably includes at least the first dark layer 48. The conductive layer 47, made of a metal material with excellent conductivity, exhibits relatively high reflectivity. If light is reflected by the conductive layer 47 of the conductive portion 40, the reflected light may be observed and may obstruct the view of the occupant or the imaging device. If the conductive layer 47 is visible from the outside, the design of the laminated plate 10 may be impaired. Therefore, the first dark layer 48 and the second dark layer 49 cover at least a portion of the surface of the conductive layer 47. The first dark layer 48 and the second dark layer 49 have lower reflectivity of visible light than the conductive layer 47. The first dark layer 48 and the second dark layer 49 are layers of a dark color, such as black. The first dark layer 48 and the second dark layer 49 make it difficult to observe the conductive layer 47, ensuring good visibility for occupants and the imaging device. This also prevents the design of the laminated plate 10 from being impaired when viewed from the outside.

[0077] Although not shown, the bus bar 25 may have a conductive layer made of a metal material and a dark layer formed on the surface of the conductive layer. The dark layer makes the conductive layer, which has a relatively high reflectivity, less visible, ensuring good visibility for the occupants and the imaging device. This also prevents the design of the laminated plate 10 from being impaired when viewed from the outside.

[0078] The material constituting the conductor 30 and the bus bar 25 may be, for example, a metal such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, palladium, indium, or tungsten, or an alloy containing one or more of these metals.

[0079] The laminated board 10 may be manufactured by the following method, which will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0080] 7 , a dark color film 48a that will form the first dark color layer 48 is provided on the substrate 21, and a metal film 47a that will form the conductive layer 47 is provided on the dark color film 48a. The metal film 47a and the dark color film 48a can be formed by a known method. For example, the metal film 47a and the dark color film 48a may be formed by a method of adhering a metal foil such as copper foil, a plating method including electroplating and electroless plating, a sputtering method, a CVD method, a PVD method, an ion plating method, or a method combining two or more of these.

[0081] 8, a resist pattern 50 is provided on the metal film 47a. The resist pattern 50 has a shape corresponding to the conductor 30. The resist pattern 50 may be formed by patterning using a photolithography technique or the like.

[0082] Third, the metal film 47a and the dark color film 48a are etched using the resist pattern 50 as a mask. The metal film 47a and the dark color film 48a are patterned into substantially the same pattern as the resist pattern 50. As shown in FIG. 9, the patterned metal film 47a forms a conductive layer 47 that will become part of the conductive portion 40. The patterned dark color film 48a forms a first dark color layer 48 that will become part of the conductive portion 40.

[0083] The etching method is not particularly limited and may be a known method. The etching method may be, for example, wet etching using an etching solution or dry etching using plasma. Fourth, as shown in FIG. 10, the resist pattern 50 is removed.

[0084] Fifth, as shown in FIG. 11 , a second dark layer 49 is formed on the surface and side of the conductive layer 47 opposite to the surface on which the first dark layer 48 is formed. The second dark layer 49 is formed, for example, by subjecting a portion of the material constituting the conductive layer 47 to a darkening treatment. Darkening treatment is also called blackening treatment. The second dark layer 49 is a portion that previously constituted the conductive layer 47. The second dark layer 49 may be made of a metal oxide or metal sulfide. The second dark layer 49 may also be formed by providing a new layer on the surface of the conductive layer 47. The second dark layer 49 may also be formed by roughening the surface of the conductive layer 47.

[0085] 7 to 11, the conductors 30 are formed on the substrate 21, and the conductor-attached sheet 20 is produced. The pair of bus bars 25 may be formed integrally with the conductive layer 47 of the conductive portion 40 by patterning the metal film 47a, or may be conductors separate from the conductive portion 40 provided on the substrate 21.

[0086] Sixth, as shown in FIG. 12 , the conductor-attached sheet 20 and the first substrate 11 are joined by overlapping the first bonding layer 13 and the first substrate 11 from the conductor 30 side. Similarly, the conductor-attached sheet 20 and the second substrate 12 are joined by overlapping the second bonding layer 14 and the second substrate 12 from the base material 21 side. The colored layer 19 is provided on the side of the second substrate 12 opposite to the side on which the second bonding layer 14 is provided. The colored layer 19 may be provided on the second substrate 12, for example, by laminating a sheet on which black ceramic is printed. The laminated board 10 shown in FIG. 4A is produced by the method described above.

[0087] When light is observed through a laminated plate having a conductor, a light beam may be observed. The light beam may adversely affect the visibility of passengers or imaging devices inside the vehicle. The light beam occurs in the direction in which light incident on the laminated plate is diffracted by the conductor. Below, we will explain the principle behind the generation of the light beam and how to prevent the observation of the light beam.

[0088] Generally, when light passes through a transparent portion, such as a gap or opening, in an object, the light is diffracted, resulting in the observation of a diffraction pattern. The diffraction patterns other than the zeroth order observed when light is incident on an object coincide with the diffraction patterns other than the zeroth order observed when light is incident on a complementary object, i.e., an object in which the transparent and opaque portions of the object are reversed. This is known as Babinet's principle. For example, the diffraction patterns other than the zeroth order observed when light is incident on a single thin-line object 60 shown in Figure 13 coincide with the diffraction patterns other than the zeroth order observed when light is incident on an object 61 with a single slit shown in Figure 14. The shape of the object 61 shown in Figure 14 is complementary to the shape of the object 60 shown in Figure 13. To consider the diffraction pattern of the object 60 shown in Figure 13, we will consider the diffraction pattern of the object 61 shown in Figure 14. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, "diffraction pattern" refers to the diffraction patterns other than the zeroth order. In the case of an object with multiple thin lines, if the object has a non-periodic pattern, there is almost no interference in the light that passes through the object, so it can be expressed as a simple sum of the diffraction patterns mentioned above. In the case of a periodic pattern, there is interference in the light that passes through the object, but by replacing "diffraction image" with "envelope of the diffraction image," the same discussion can be made without including the interference component.

[0089] To study the diffraction pattern observed when light is incident on an object with a slit of width w, we will calculate the intensity distribution of the diffraction pattern. The intensity distribution of the diffraction pattern can be determined from the amplitude distribution of the diffraction pattern. The amplitude distribution of the diffraction pattern can be obtained by Fourier transforming the spatial amplitude distribution of the slit shape. If the wavelength of the diffracted light is λ, then by Fourier transforming the spatial amplitude distribution of the slit shape of width w, we obtain a cardinal sine distribution 70, as shown in Figure 15, which extends in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the slit-shaped object, has an envelope that decreases in inverse proportion to the diffraction angle φ, and reaches zero for every (λ / w) × (180 / π) [°] diffraction angle φ. In Figure 15, lighter shaded areas indicate larger amplitudes, while darker shaded areas indicate smaller amplitudes. For simplicity, Figure 15 shows up to two periods of the amplitude distribution of the diffraction pattern perpendicular to the extension direction of the slit-shaped object. The second period is exaggerated. Since the intensity distribution of a diffraction pattern is the square of the amplitude distribution, the intensity of the diffraction pattern extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the slit-shaped object extends, and as the diffraction angle φ increases, the intensity becomes 1 / φ 2 The intensity of the diffraction pattern becomes weaker as the intensity decreases.

[0090] It was believed that the light beams were generated according to the above-mentioned principle. Based on this idea, the light beams extend along the normal to the direction in which the conductive portion extends at each position of the conductor until their intensity becomes sufficiently weak. The present inventors focused on the direction in which the light beams extend and discovered a pattern for arranging the conductors that can make the light beams less noticeable when light is observed through a laminated plate on which the conductors are arranged, and can even prevent the light beams from entering the field of view.

[0091] If we consider the conductor 30 to be formed by continuously connecting tiny thin wires, the light beams generated at each position on the conductor 30 will extend from that position in the normal direction to the conductor 30. On the other hand, if the light beams do not enter the area observed by the observer or the photographing device, the light beams will not be observed by the observer or the photographing device. If many of the normals at each position on the conductor 30 are off from the center of the area observed by the observer or the photographing device, the light beams can be prevented from being observed by the observer or the photographing device. In this embodiment, in the first area R1, the normals at each position on the conductor 30 projected onto the first surface S deviate from the reference point P. The maximum length of the line extending from the reference point P that overlaps the first area R1 is 20% or more of the length from the reference point P to the farthest position on the conductor 30. By suppressing the generation of light beams in a first area R1 that is sufficiently large, the adverse effects of the light beams can be reduced.

[0092] On the other hand, the conductor 30 that directs light rays toward the area observed by the observer or the imaging device is preferably positioned near the center of the area observed by the observer or the imaging device, or sufficiently far away from the area observed by the observer or the imaging device. In the second area R2 and the third area R3, the normal at each position on the conductor 30 projected onto the surface observed by the observer or the imaging device may pass through the reference point P. If the third area R3 overlaps the colored layer 19, diffracted light from a portion of the conductor 30 located in the third area R3 is absorbed by the colored layer 19 and is therefore difficult to observe. A portion of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 located in the third area R3 has a large line width. The diffraction angle of the diffracted light generated by the conductive portion 40 decreases as the line width increases. The diffracted light from a conductive portion 40 with a large line width is difficult to observe, especially when it is far from the corresponding position.

[0093] Even if diffracted light that becomes a beam of light enters the area observed by the observer or the photographing device, if it overlaps with light from a light source such as lighting, i.e., zero-order diffracted light, the beam of light is difficult to observe due to the light from the light source. The light source is located at a distance D from the photographing device 4. If the size of the light source, in other words, the diameter of the light source, is L, the apparent size of the light source on the surface observed by the photographing device 4 is d × L / D. d is the distance between the photographing device 4 and the reference point P. L / D is the ratio of the size L of the light source to the distance D from the photographing device 4 to the light source. For example, in the case of headlights of a car traveling in the oncoming lane, L / D is preferably 0.04 or greater. The beams of light generated at each position of the conductor 30 in the second area R2 are difficult to observe. Even if diffracted light that becomes a beam of light enters the area observed by the observer or the photographing device, if the diffraction angle of the diffracted light is large, the intensity is sufficiently low and it is difficult to observe. Specifically, when the diffraction angle φ is 5×(λ / w)×(180 / π) [°], the intensity of the diffracted light is sufficiently weak. λ is the wavelength of light. w is the line width of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30. If the shortest wavelength of visible light is 360 nm, the diffraction angle φ is 103.18 / w [°]. The light beams generated at each position of the conductor 30 in the third region R3 are difficult to observe.

[0094] Since the light beams generated in the second area R2 and the third area R3 are difficult to observe, the adverse effects of the light beams can be suppressed by suppressing the generation of the light beams in the first area R1 as in this embodiment.

[0095] When the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 is curved, particularly a wavy line, the light beams generated by the conductive portion 40 tend to appear within an angle of x° or less, specifically, 25° or less, relative to the normal to the overall extension direction of the conductive portion 40. This is because the normal direction at each position of the curve is often somewhat inclined relative to the normal to the overall extension direction of the conductive portion 40. When the angle formed by the line connecting the reference point P and each position of the conductive portion 40 with the extension direction of the conductive portion 40 at that position is less than (90-x)°, specifically, less than 65°, the observation of the light beams can be suppressed. The extension direction of the conductive portion 40 at a certain position can be approximated as the direction connecting the vertices t1 and t2 of the two convex portions adjacent to that position. Such a position on the conductor 30 is located in the first region R1. In the first region R1, when the smaller angle between the first line segment la connecting the vertices t1 and t2 of two adjacent convex portions in the conductive portion 40 when the conductor 30 is projected onto the first surface S and the direction in which the conductive portion 40 extends is x° or less, the smaller angle between the direction in which the conductive portion 40 extends and the second line segment lb connecting the center of the first line segment la and the reference point P is less than (90-x)°, thereby suppressing the adverse effects of light beams.

[0096] The angle formed between the overall extension direction of the conductive portion 40 and the normal direction at each position of the conductive portion 40 is preferably less than 90°, and more preferably less than 45°. Such a conductive portion 40 has, for example, a sinusoidal shape.

[0097] Alternatively, since the light beams cannot be observed unless they enter the area observed by the observer or the imaging device, the light beams are less likely to be observed if the conductor 30 in the first area R1 extends at each position in a direction close to a radial direction centered on the reference point P. Specifically, at each position of the conductor 30 in the first area R1 projected onto the first surface S, the adverse effects of the light beams can be suppressed by making the smaller of the angles formed by the tangent 40t of the conductor 30 at that position and the third line segment l3 connecting the reference point P on the placement surface M and that position less than 90°.

[0098] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5E, when the placement surface M is divided into n sections by n line segments l1 to ln extending radially from a reference point P on the placement surface M, as shown in FIG. 6D, the conductive portion 40 includes first portions 41 arranged in a radial direction centered on the reference point P in each section, and the first portions 41 approach the reference point P at a middle portion 41m and extend from the middle portion 41m toward an end portion 41e, moving away from the reference point P. Such first portions 41 extend in a direction with a small angle with respect to the radial direction centered on the reference point P. Many of the normals at each position of the first portions 41 deviate from the center of the section observed by the observer or the imaging device. Light beams originating from such first portions 41 are unlikely to enter the section observed by the observer or the imaging device, thereby suppressing adverse effects caused by the light beams.

[0099] The first portion 41 includes a portion extending in a direction along the boundary between the area in which the first portion 41 is disposed and an adjacent area. The area boundaries are n line segments l1 to ln extending radially from a reference point P, and divide the arrangement surface M into n areas. Such first portions 41 extend in radial directions with the reference point P as the center. More of the normals at each position of the first portion 41 deviate from near the center of the area observed by the observer or the imaging device. Light beams caused by such first portions 41 are less likely to enter the area observed by the observer or the imaging device, thereby further suppressing the adverse effects of light beams.

[0100] In the first portion 41, the two portions extending from the middle portion 41m toward the end portion 41e are connected at one point at the middle portion 41m. The middle portion 41m is the connection point. Almost no light beams are generated by the middle portion 41m. Even if the normal to the middle portion 41m passes near the center of the area observed by the observer or the imaging device, the adverse effects of light beams are suppressed.

[0101] The first portions 41 are arranged to have n-fold symmetry with respect to the reference point P. Such a pattern can be easily formed by arranging the same pattern n times. The conductor 30 that can suppress the observation of light beams can be easily manufactured.

[0102] Preferably, n is 4. In such a conductor 30, the density of the conductive portions 40 tends to be uniform. The conductive portions 40 are prevented from being conspicuously observed in the field of view through the conductor 30. The function of the conductor 30 can be exerted uniformly throughout the conductor 30. The amount of heat generated throughout the conductor 30 can be made closer to uniform.

[0103] In the laminated board 10 having the conductor 30, at least a portion of the position on the conductor 30 where the normal passes through the reference point overlaps with the colored layer 19. At the position of the conductor 30 that overlaps with the colored layer 19, light is absorbed by the colored layer 19, making it difficult to observe light beams. This suppresses the adverse effects of light beams.

[0104] In the photographing system 3 including the laminated board 10 and the photographing device 4, the area photographed by the photographing device 4 is centered on the reference point P. In the conductor 30 of this embodiment, light beams are difficult to observe near the reference point P. Light beams are unlikely to appear in videos and images photographed by the photographing device 4, and good videos and images can be captured.

[0105] As described above, the conductor 30 of this embodiment is a conductor arranged on an arrangement surface M, which includes a second region R2 including a reference point P and a first region R1 surrounding the second region R2, and the maximum length of the length of a line extending from the reference point P that overlaps the first region R1 is 20% or more of the length from the reference point P to the position on the conductor 30 that is farthest from the reference point P, and in the first region R1, at each position on the conductor 30 when the conductor 30 is projected onto the first surface S, the normal at that position deviates from the reference point P. With such a conductor 30, light beams are less likely to enter the region observed by the observer or the imaging device, thereby suppressing the adverse effects of light beams.

[0106] The conductor 30 of this embodiment is a conductor arranged on an arrangement surface M, and has conductive portions 40 that extend while curving to form convex portions on alternately opposite sides. The arrangement surface M includes a second region R2 including a reference point P and a first region R1 surrounding the second region R2. The maximum length of the length of a straight line extending from the reference point P that overlaps the first region R1 is 20% or more of the length from the reference point P to the position on the conductor 30 that is farthest from the reference point P. In the first region R1, when the smaller angle between the first line segment la connecting the vertices t1 and t2 of two adjacent convex portions in each conductive portion 40 when the conductor 30 is projected onto the first surface S and the direction in which the conductive portions 40 extend is x° or less, the smaller angle θ1 between the direction in which the conductive portions 40 extend and the second line segment lb connecting the center of the first line segment la and the reference point P is less than (90-x)°. When the conductive portion 40 is curved, particularly a wavy line, the light beams from the conductor 30 having the conductive portion 40 tend to be generated in a direction tilted by about 25° with respect to the normal direction to the extension direction of the conductive portion 40. With such a conductor 30, the light beams are less likely to enter the area observed by the observer or the imaging device, thereby suppressing the adverse effects of the light beams.

[0107] The conductor 30 of this embodiment is a conductor arranged on an arrangement surface M. The arrangement surface M includes a second region R2 including a reference point P and a first region R1 surrounding the second region R2. The maximum length of the length of a line extending from the reference point P overlapping the first region R1 is at least 20% of the length from the reference point P to the farthest position on the conductor 30. At each position of the conductor 30 in the first region R1 projected onto the first surface S, the smaller angle θ2 between the tangent 40t of the conductor 30 at that position and the line segment lc connecting the reference point P on the arrangement surface M to that position is less than 90°. With this type of conductor 30, the conductor 30 extends in a direction close to the radial direction centered on the reference point P at more than half of each position, making it difficult for light beams to enter the area observed by the observer or the imaging device. This reduces the adverse effects of light beams.

[0108] The conductor 30 of this embodiment is a conductor arranged on an arrangement surface M. When the arrangement surface M is divided into n sections by n line segments l1 to ln extending radially from a reference point P on the arrangement surface M, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 3, the conductor 30 includes first portions 41 arranged in a radial direction centered on the reference point P in each section, and the first portions 41 approach the reference point P at a middle portion 41m and extend away from the reference point P from the middle portion 41m toward an end portion 41e. With this conductor 30, most of the normals at each position of the first portions 41 deviate from the center of the observation area. Light beams are less likely to enter the area observed by the observer or the imaging device. This reduces the adverse effects of light beams.

[0109] Various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment.

[0110] In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the laminated plate 10 is formed into a curved surface has been shown, but the present invention is not limited to this example, and the laminated plate 10 may be formed into a flat plate shape.

[0111] The laminated plate 10 may be used for the rear window of the automobile 1. It may also be used for the transparent portions of windows or doors of moving bodies other than automobiles, such as railroad cars, aircraft, ships, and spacecraft.

[0112] In addition to mobile objects, the laminated board 10 may also be used in places that separate the interior and exterior of a room, such as the transparent portions of windows or doors of buildings, stores, and houses, windows or doors of buildings, and transparent portions of windows or doors of storage or storage facilities such as refrigerators, display boxes, and cupboards. [Explanation of symbols]

[0113] 1. Automobiles 3. Shooting System 4. Imaging equipment 5. Front window 7 Power supply 8 Wiring 10 laminated board 11 First board 12 Second board 13 1st bonding layer 14 Second bonding layer 20 Conductor sheet 21 Base material 25 Busbar 30 Conductors 40 Conductive part 40n normal 40t tangent 41 Part 1 41m middle section 41e end 42 Part 2 47 Conductive Layer 48 1st dark layer 49 Second dark layer M placement surface S 1st page A optical axis R1 1st area R2 2nd area P reference point la First line segment lb Second line segment lc third line segment

Claims

1. A conductor disposed on the placement surface, the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the conductor includes a conductive portion, the conductive portion includes a portion extending in a radial direction from the reference point as a center and a portion that is bent or curved and folded back, At least a portion of the radially extending portion is disposed in the first region; At least a portion of the folded portion is disposed in the second region, the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; A conductor, in which in the first region, a normal at each position on the conductor when the conductor is projected onto a first surface deviates from the reference point.

2. A conductor disposed on the placement surface, The conductive portion extends while bending to form convex portions on opposite sides alternately, the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the conductive portion includes a portion extending in a radial direction from the reference point as a center and a portion that is bent or curved and folded back, At least a portion of the radially extending portion is disposed in the first region; At least a portion of the folded portion is disposed in the second region, the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; A conductor in which, in the first region, when the smaller angle formed by a first line segment connecting the vertices of two adjacent convex portions in the conductive portion projected onto a first surface and the direction in which the conductive portion extends is x degrees or less, the smaller angle formed by the direction in which the conductive portion extends and a second line segment connecting the center of the first line segment and the reference point is less than (90-x) degrees.

3. A conductor disposed on the placement surface, the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the conductor includes a conductive portion, the conductive portion includes a portion extending in a radial direction from the reference point as a center and a portion that is bent or curved and folded back, At least a portion of the radially extending portion is disposed in the first region; At least a portion of the folded portion is disposed in the second region, the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; A conductor in which, at each position of the conductor in the first area when projected onto a first surface, the smaller of the angles formed by the tangent to the conductor at that position and the line segment connecting the reference point and that position is less than 90°.

4. A conductor described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the normal on the placement surface of the conductive portion at one position of the folded portion passes through the reference point on the placement surface.

5. The conductor according to claim 1 , wherein the first surface is a surface perpendicular to an optical axis of an imaging device that images the conductor.

6. The electrical conductor according to claim 1 , wherein the first surface is a surface perpendicular to a direction in which the electrical conductor is observed.

7. A conductor disposed on the placement surface, Let n be a natural number greater than or equal to 3. when the placement surface is divided into n sections by n line segments extending radially from a reference point on the placement surface, the conductor includes first portions arranged in a radial direction with the reference point as a center in each section; The first portion is close to the reference point at a middle portion and extends away from the reference point from the middle portion toward an end portion.

8. The conductor according to claim 7 , wherein the first portion includes a portion extending in a direction along a boundary between the area in which the first portion is disposed and an adjacent area.

9. The conductor according to claim 7 or 8, wherein in the first portion, two portions extending from the intermediate portion toward the end portions are connected at one point in the intermediate portion.

10. The electrical conductor according to claim 7 , wherein the first portion is arranged symmetrically only with respect to the reference point.

11. The conductor according to claim 7 , wherein the first portions are arranged so as to have n-fold symmetry with respect to the reference point.

12. 12. The conductor according to claim 7, wherein n is 4.

13. The conductor according to claim 1 , wherein the placement surface is a surface of a base material that supports the conductor or a surface of a substrate on which the conductor is provided.

14. The electrical conductor according to claim 1 , wherein the reference point is the center of an area photographed by an imaging device that photographs the electrical conductor.

15. A pair of substrates; A laminate comprising: the conductor according to claim 1 disposed between the pair of substrates.

16. A pair of substrates; The conductor according to claim 1 disposed between the pair of substrates; a colored layer provided on one side of the substrate, A laminate, wherein at least a portion of a position on the conductor, where the normal of the conductor passes through the reference point and is projected onto the first surface, overlaps the colored layer.

17. The laminated board according to claim 15 or 16, a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, The imaging device captures an image of an area centered on the reference point.

18. Laminated board and a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, the laminated plate has a conductor disposed on a placement surface; the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the reference point is an intersection of an optical axis of the image capture device and the placement surface, the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; An imaging system wherein, in the first area, a normal at each position on the conductor, when the conductor is projected onto a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging device, deviates from the reference point.

19. Laminated board and a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, the laminated plate has a conductor disposed on a placement surface; the conductor has conductive portions that extend while bending to form convex portions on alternately opposite sides, the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the reference point is an intersection of an optical axis of the image capture device and the placement surface, the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; An imaging system in which, in the first area, when the smaller angle formed by a first line segment connecting the vertices of two adjacent convex portions in the conductive portion when the conductor is projected onto a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging device and the direction in which the conductive portion extends is x degrees or less, the smaller angle formed by the direction in which the conductive portion extends and a second line segment connecting the center of the first line segment and the reference point is less than (90-x) degrees.

20. Laminated board and a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, the laminated plate has a conductor disposed on a placement surface; the placement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area; the reference point is an intersection of an optical axis of the image capture device and the placement surface, the maximum length of the length of the straight line extending from the reference point that overlaps with the first region is 20% or more of the length from the reference point to the farthest position on the conductor; An imaging system in which, at each position of the conductor in the first area when projected onto a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging device, the smaller of the angles formed by the tangent to the conductor and the line segment connecting the reference point and the position is less than 90°.

21. Laminated board and a photographing device disposed facing the laminated board, the laminated plate has a conductor disposed on a placement surface; Let n be a natural number greater than or equal to 3. when the placement surface is divided into n sections by n line segments extending radially from a reference point on the placement surface, the conductor includes conductive parts arranged in each section in a radial direction with the reference point as a center, the reference point is an intersection of an optical axis of the image capture device and the placement surface, An imaging system, wherein the conductive portion approaches the reference point at a middle portion and extends from the middle portion toward an end portion away from the reference point.

Images