Downlink Synchronization

Abstract

To provide a device and method for implementing configuration of an initial access signal in a 5G network.SOLUTION: An apparatus 102 for wireless communication includes a non-transitory memory including instructions stored thereon for performing configuration of an initial access signal in a 5G network, and a processor which is operably coupled to the non-transitory memory, capable of executing an instruction of monitoring transmission of a downlink sweeping subframe including a beam sweeping block carrying a downlink initial access signal. The processor executes the instruction of detecting the downlink initial access signal carrying a synchronization signal. The processor also executes the instruction of determining, based on the synchronization signal, an identity of the beam sweeping block associated with the downlink initial access signal. The present application is also directed to an apparatus configured to perform downlink synchronization of a cell in the 5G network.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3B

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Citation of Related Application) This application is related to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 325,323, filed April 20, 2016, entitled Downlink Synchronization for 5G Networks "), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 373,662 (filed August 11, 2016, entitled "Be amforming Sweeping and Training in a Flesh "Flexible Frame Structure for New Radio" (USA) Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 401,055 (filed September 28, 2016, entitled "Methods for Dynamic Transmission Mode Switching and Initial Access in New Radio), and Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 417,162 (filed November 3, 2016, titled "Beam B ased Mobility and Beam Management in NR” ), all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. It is used.

[0002] (Field) The present application is directed to an apparatus and method for downlink synchronization. [Background technology]

[0003] (background) Downlink synchronization (DL synchronization) is used in, but not limited to, enhanced mobile broadband (e MBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC) and ultra-reliable / low latency communication (UR / LL ) is important for 5G applications. In particular, DL synchronization is essential for all 5G applications. Symbol, slot, and subframe / frame timing for applications It is a provisioning mechanism for

[0004] The propagation delay depends on the deployment scenario. For example, the maximum propagation delay for an outdoor deployment scenario is The maximum propagation delay for indoor deployment scenarios is approximately 0.4 μs. However, existing systems such as 3GPP LTE / LTE-A cells are The same cyclic prefix duration is adopted regardless of the deployment scenario. is therefore undesirable for handling a wide variety of applications.

[0005] 5G systems will require various specifications such as transmission time interval (TTI) and subcarrier spacing. Supports numerology, but also supports 5G user equipment (UE) in the cell search phase The protocol for obtaining DL symbols, frame timing, and cell identification is Based on the current DL synchronization design, 5G UEs will not be able to It is not possible to blindly detect magic.

[0006] Separately, the UE may be in Radio Resource Control (RRC)-Idle or RRC-Connected state. Neighboring cell measurements must be performed for cell reselection in the neighboring cell DL. However, in 5G systems, different DL synchronization signals are required. Number numerology can be used in different cells to improve neighbor cell measurements in 5G systems. A method for doing this is desired.

[0007] Applications such as eMBB, mMTC, and UR / LL have different latency and DL synchronization signal design and cell search procedures are required for 5G systems. are needed to support these requirements within the system.

[0008] New Radio (NR) access technology allows systems to operate at frequencies up to 100 GHz. It helps identify and develop the technology components needed to achieve this. For example, PP TR38.913, Study on Scenarios and Requ irements for Next Generation Access Tech nologies;(Release 14),V0.3.0 and RP-161214, R evision of SI:Study on NR Access Technol For more information, see NTT DOCOMO. These high-frequency NR (HF-NR) Beamforming is widely used to compensate for increased path loss in the system. However, DL synchronization based on omnidirectional or sector-based transmission is expected. Existing initial access signal designs, such as phase, reference signal, and PBCH designs, are beamforming-based. The functions required for accessing the beam (e.g., beam sweeping, beam pairing, beam training, etc.)

[0009] Current network access procedures involve omnidirectional or sector-based transmission. For example, this is based on the cell search procedure and subsequent physical broadcast channel. However, for beamforming-based access, Some features are not supported by existing omnidirectional or sector-based transmission access procedures. One of these features is beamforming in idle state. Another feature is beamforming training feedback and beamforming training criteria. Signaling (BT-RS) transmission, e.g., whether it should be performed before, during, or after RRC connection setup. Yet another feature is beamforming (BF) training over time and frequency. Includes uplink (UL) channel resources for feedback. includes beamforming-based PBCH detection. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] (summary) This Summary presents a collection of concepts that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is provided to introduce the scope of the claimed subject matter. The foregoing needs are not intended to be limiting. This is largely met by the present application, which is directed to a method and apparatus for

[0011] In one aspect of the present application, an apparatus on a 5G network is disclosed. instructions stored thereon for performing configuration of an initial access signal in the network; The device also includes a non-transitory memory operatively coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to downlink a downlink sweep subframe including a beam sweep block carrying a downlink initial access signal; The processor includes a processor capable of executing instructions for monitoring transmission of a synchronization signal. The method may also execute instructions to detect a downlink initial access signal carrying a The processor synchronizes a signal associated with the downlink initial access signal based on the synchronization signal. It is also possible to execute instructions that determine the identity of the beam sweep block.

[0012] In another aspect of the present application, a device on a 5G network may transmit a primary numerology to the 5G network. a non-transient node having instructions stored thereon for assigning the non-transient node to a node synchronized with the cell; The device is also described as being operably coupled to a non-transitory memory. The processor transmits the master information block of the cell to the node. The processor may also be configured to determine network load, node location, and Based on the criteria selected from the network slicing configurations and their combinations for Based on this, a primary numerology can be assigned to the node.

[0013] According to yet another aspect, the DL initial access signal may be a DL synchronization channel (signal), a beamforming channel (signal), or a DL synchronization channel (signal). The DL initial access signal includes the DL beam sweeping signal, the DL reference signal, and the PBCH channel. Each beam sweep block is carried by a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OF DM) or multiple OFDM symbols, and DL beam sweeping subframes are , including multiple beam sweep blocks, and DL synchronization channels PSS and SSS are The beam sweep block can be placed in the FDM symbol and only one DL synchronization channel can be used. The beam reference signal and the PBCH may be in the same OFDM symbol or in different OFDM symbols. The PBCH may coexist within an FDM symbol and is distinct from the DL synchronization channel and beam reference signals. If the DL synchronization channel carries both cell and beam IDs, If so, the UE detects the DL beam sweep block that should be detected and It is possible to calculate the timing offset between the clock and the DL sweep subframe. If the DL synchronization channel carries only the cell ID, the UE shall use the beam ID as the beam base. Therefore, the UE can detect the DL beam sweep to be detected. The detected beam sweep block and DL sweep subframe can be grasped. It is possible to calculate the timing offset between

[0014] Thus, in order that this detailed description may be better understood and in order that those skilled in the art may In order that the contribution may be better appreciated, certain embodiments of the present invention have been outlined rather broadly. .

[0015] To facilitate a more thorough understanding of the present application, like elements are referred to herein with like numerals. Reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which are to be construed as limiting the scope of this application. should not be construed as limiting the present invention and is intended as an example only. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates the time domain location of narrowband primary and secondary synchronization signal transmissions for narrowband IOT. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary scalable transmission time interval in 5G. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B illustrates multiple numerologies multiplexed in a time-frequency resource grid. [Figure 3A] FIG. 3A illustrates an exemplary communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B illustrates an exemplary device configured for wireless communication, according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3C]FIG. 3C illustrates a system diagram of a radio access network and a core network according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3D] FIG. 3D illustrates a system diagram of a radio access network and a core network according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3E] FIG. 3E illustrates a system diagram of a radio access network and a core network according to yet another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3F] FIG. 3F illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computing system in communication with one or more of the networks shown in FIGS. 3A, 3C, 3D, and 3E above, in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4] 4A-B illustrate exemplary downlink synchronization sequence frequency allocations for different subcarrier spacings, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present application. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary secondary synchronization signal detection function diagram, according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] 6A-D illustrate exemplary secondary synchronization signal downlink synchronization sequence frequency allocations according to certain embodiments of the present application. [Figure 7A] FIG. 7A illustrates an exemplary initial synchronization procedure in 5G that supports scalable subcarrier spacing factors incorporated into the primary synchronization signal, in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B illustrates an exemplary initial synchronization procedure in 5G that supports scalable subcarrier spacing factors incorporated into the secondary synchronization signal, in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary CAZAC sequence, according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 illustrates a new wireless flexible frame structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10A] 10A-C illustrate a beam sweeping technique according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10B]10A-C illustrate a beam sweeping technique according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10C] 10A-C illustrate a beam sweeping technique according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 illustrates two beamforming training reference signals (BT-RS) in a new radio using two different numerology in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 illustrates a new wireless shared BT-RS using two different numerologies according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13A] FIG. 13A illustrates a predetermined BT-RS configuration within a self-contained subframe, according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13B] FIG. 13B illustrates a semi-statically configured BT-RS configuration within a self-contained subframe, according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 14] 14A-B illustrate example initial access for single (a) and multi-beam (b) implementations. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 illustrates an example DL sweep block and subframe for DL ​​initial access. [Figure 16A] 16A-B illustrate an example sweep block with one OFDM and one of a plurality of OFDM symbols. [Figure 16B] 16A-B illustrate an example sweep block with one OFDM and one of a plurality of OFDM symbols. [Figure 17] 17A-B illustrate an example sweep subframe with multiple beams enabled per sweep block. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 illustrates an example DL self-contained sweep subframe structure. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 illustrates an example TSS used for beam ID detection. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 illustrates an example timing offset from a detected beam sweep block to a beam sweep subframe. [Figure 21A] FIG. 21A illustrates an example DL sweep block and burst for DL ​​initial access. [Figure 21B-1] 21B(i)-(iii) illustrate a DL sweep block with one of the OFDM symbols according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21B-2] 21B(i)-(iii) illustrate a DL sweep block with one of the OFDM symbols according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21B-3] 21B(i)-(iii) illustrate a DL sweep block with one of the OFDM symbols according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21C] 21C(i)-(iii) illustrate a DL sweep block with multiple OFDM symbols according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 illustrates a network with multiple cells having a common synchronization numerology, according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary procedure for detecting primary numerology, according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 illustrates a signal flow synchronization procedure with a neighboring cell according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 25] 25A-B illustrate a DL sweep block with multiple OFDM symbols (without association with NR-PBCH) according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 26] 26A-C illustrate exemplary demodulation reference signals for the NR-PBCH in accordance with certain embodiments of the present application. [Figure 27] 27A-C illustrate an exemplary BT-RS used for beam ID detection according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 illustrates an example embodiment of BT-RS beam identification and association beam sequences within a self-contained subframe of the present application. [Figure 29]FIG. 29 illustrates a BT-RS beam identification decoding and synchronization detection embodiment of the present application. [Figure 30] FIG. 30 illustrates cell coverage with a sector beam and multiple high-gain narrow beams. [Figure 31] FIG. 31 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a user equipment (UE) initial access procedure for beamforming training when PBCH is paired with beam transmission in accordance with the present application. [Figure 32] FIG. 32 illustrates the location of the BT-RS and PBCH within a frame structure, according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 33] FIG. 33 illustrates a downlink synchronization broadcast period dependent on various subcarrier spacings, according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS The detailed description of the invention will now be described with reference to the various figures, embodiments, and aspects of the specification. Although this description provides detailed examples of possible implementations, the details may vary. It should be understood that they are intended to be examples and therefore do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0018] As used herein, "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one or more embodiments," "an References such as "aspects that are relevant to the present invention" or "aspects that are relevant to the present invention" are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is relevant to the present invention. It is intended to be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The term "embodiment" in different places does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. That is, it may be exhibited by some embodiments but not by others. Various features are now described.

[0019] Generally, the present application relates to at least one method for efficiently downloading data in a 5G system. In one aspect, a frequency resource allocation method and system includes: These mechanisms are adopted for 5G DL synchronization. In one embodiment, the DL synchronization channel is supported by the 5G cell. A method is described for adopting a minimum subcarrier spacing that is supported. For example, Three 5G applications support subcarrier spacings Δf, 2Δf, and 4Δf. If there are applications, DL synchronization is required for those applications. The minimum subcarrier spacing among n{Δf, 2Δf, 4Δf} will be used.

[0020] In another embodiment, the DL synchronization supports a cell with its own default subcarrier spacing. For example, this can be achieved by varying the deployment scenario, e.g., indoor vs. outdoor. , small cell vs. pico cell, etc. As a result, 5G UEs

number

[0021] According to another aspect of the present application, a method for designing a DL synchronization channel using common denominator numerology and an architecture is provided, i.e., the common denominator is Supported across cells, all other numerologies are derived from the common denominator numerology. According to an embodiment, the number of other supported systems in the cell The secret information, e.g., subcarrier spacing, symbol duration, and TTI length, is stored in the physical block. Broadcast Channel (PBCH) in the Master Information Block (MIB) Upon successfully acquiring DL timing and frequency, the UE By decoding the PBCH (MIB), other supported systems can According to another embodiment, the 5G system may obtain the neighbor cell list. It is envisaged that this may be employed to provide the UE with information on DL synchronization signal numerology of neighboring cells.

[0022] According to yet another aspect of the present application, an evolved node base station transmits DL synchronization signals with different periodicities. Methods and architectures are envisioned that can transmit signals. The periodicity depends on the timing requirements. In yet another aspect, the 5G UE may perform a suitable detection procedure. and processes DL synchronization signals received from eNBs with different periodicities and determines the DL type. The ping and frequency will be available.

[0023] In one aspect of the present application, a device on a 5G network may detect a cell downtime in the 5G network. a non-transitory memory having stored thereon instructions for performing link synchronization; The apparatus also includes a processor operably coupled to the non-transitory memory. The processor is capable of executing instructions to perform a cell search in a 5G network. The processor is also capable of detecting the primary synchronization signal of the cell. The processor is also capable of synchronizing with the cell. The processor can decode the physical broadcast channel of the cell using synchronous numerology. In particular, the subcarrier spacing factor is determined by the detected primary synchronization signal or the detected second synchronization signal. The synchronization signal is derived from one of two sources.

[0024] Yet another aspect of the present application is a method for synchronizing a mobile station with a neighboring cell, comprising: The present invention relates to a device on a 5G network, the device comprising a non-transitory memory, the device comprising: Also included is a processor operably coupled to the non-transitory memory. The processor may also be operable to provide a device connected to the first cell. The processor is also capable of decoding the system information block of the neighboring cells. The processor can also determine a system information block containing the location of neighboring cells. The processor can perform primary and secondary synchronization signal detection. In addition, the processor can synchronize with neighboring cells. It is Noh.

[0025] (Definition / Acronym) In Table 1 below, definitions for terms and phrases commonly used in this application are provided. . [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2]

[0026] (Support for shorter TTIs in 3GPP Release 14) In current 3GPP 4G / 4.5G systems, the resolution supports shorter TTIs. A shorter TTI length is equivalent to multiple OFDM symbol durations. Therefore, the general formula for shorter TTI in 3GPP Release 14 is: It can be expressed as follows:

number

[0027] where x=1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, and for the normal CP case, Tcp=(z=1)= For 4.7μs and extended CP cases, Tcp=(z=2)=16.67μs, then In 4G, the subcarrier spacing is Δf=15KHz.

[0028] (Cell search for NB-IoT) NB-IoT is a work item in 3GPP Release 13, and The details of the DL synchronization design for this are still under discussion in 3GPP Release 14. The path transmission for DL ​​synchronization signals in NB-IoT is narrowband PSS (NB-PSS). However, unlike LTE, NB-PSS does not provide cell identification information. Provides synchronization, which is used to estimate and compensate for the frequency offset (FO). The NB-PSS is generated in the frequency domain and PSS OFDM Symbol NB-PSS is a long N ZC and Zadof with root Uj Each NB-PSS(n) consists of f-Chu(ZC) sequences and is expressed as follows: It is possible.

number

[0029] In the formula, N ZC is the sequence length, and N ZC = 11. The OFDM symbol is Each carries a sequence corresponding to a unique root index. PSS (N ZC =11), the symbol is the i-th symbol (i=1 ,2,···,N PSS ) is transmitted in a subframe, and its root index is , uj. N PSS The NB-PSS sequence for the symbols is 10 ms in time. The time domain locations of NB-PSS and NB-SSS transmissions are shown in Figure 1. As for NB-SS, this is still under discussion in R14. One of the NB-SSS design methods is a ZC sequence using a scrambling sequence. Based on Kensmasking.

[0030] (Neighboring cell search) When a UE performs measurements to facilitate cell reselection and handover, the system System information may be used to obtain information about neighboring cells. For example, in LTE, SIB SIB-4 and SIB-5 provide information about neighboring cells in the intra- and inter-frequency bands. Further information about SIB-4 is provided in Tables 2, 3, and 4 below. .

[0031] IE SystemInformationBlockType4 is for intra-frequency cell retransmission. Contains neighbor cell related information that is only relevant for reselection. The IE specifies specific reselection parameters. This includes the associated cells as well as the blacklisted cells. [Table 2] [Table 3] [Table 4]

[0032] (System Information Block Type 5 (SIB-5)) IE SystemInformationBlockType5 is used for inter-frequency cell reconfiguration. Information relevant only for selection, i.e. other E-UTRs relevant for cell reselection Contains information about frequency and inter-frequency neighboring cells. The IE is common for frequencies This includes cell reselection parameters as well as cell specific reselection parameters, as shown in Table 5 below. As shown in. [Table 5-1] [Table 5-2] [Table 5-3]

[0033] (5G TTI) 5G systems will support generalized and scalable numerology and TTI, i.e., different user Therefore, 5G needs to support optimized multiple access for various cases. The generalized scalable TTI in is a scalable symbol time factor x, a scalable The bull subcarrier spacing factor y and the guard interval T guard (z) (This is Three scalers such as (which may be named cyclic prefixes in terms of OFDM symbol waveforms) Therefore, the 5G TTI duration can be expressed as It can be expressed in the equation:

number

[0034] where x, y, and z can be positive integers, and Δf is the maximum frequency used in 5G. As an example, the minimum subcarrier spacing Δf = 7.5 kHz. If set, the symbol interval is

number

[0035] FFT size, subcarrier spacing, CP size (or guard interval), pulse 5G transmitters using shaping filters and various (scalable) numerology such as TTI lengths An example of this is depicted in FIG. 2A.

[0036] 5G numerology multiplexed within the time-frequency resource grid based on Table 2B above An example is shown in Figure 2B. Specifically, multiplexing within different sub-bands or There are three numerologies that are either partially overlapping within the frequency resource. Additionally, 5G will allow different numerologies to multiplex in the time domain as well. It is possible.

[0037] (general architecture) The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a global leader in wireless access, core transceiver, and Port network and service capabilities (codec, security, and service Technical regulations for cellular telecommunications network technology, including work on the quality of Recent radio access technology (RAT) standards include WCDMA (registered trademark) (commonly referred to as 3G), LTE (commonly referred to as 4G), and LTE-AD 3GPP is working on a new standard called New Radio (NR), also known as "5G." 3GPP NR Standards Development It is expected that the definition of next generation radio access technologies (new RATs) will be included, which will Providing new flexible wireless access below 6 GHz and new wireless access above 6 GHz It is expected that this will include providing universal mobile broadband wireless access. Wireless access is a new, non-backward compatible technology in new spectrum below 6GHz. It is expected that the network will consist of wireless access networks, multiplexed together in the same spectrum, with diverse requirements. It offers different modes of operation that can address a broad set of 3GPP NR use cases with various requirements. Ultra Mobile Broadband is expected to include Band access, e.g., providing opportunities for indoor applications and hotspots It is expected to include the cm and mm wave spectrum, which will likely be IlBroadband will offer a common design framework with cm-wave and mm-wave specific design optimizations. It is expected that the network will be shared with flexible wireless access below 6 GHz.

[0038] 3GPP has established a number of user experience requirements for data rate, latency, and mobility. Identifies the various use cases that NR is expected to support, which poses challenges Use cases fall into the following general categories: Enhanced Mobile Broadband ( For example, broadband access in high-density areas, indoor ultra-high-speed broadband access Broadband access in the crowd, 50+Mbps everywhere, ultra-low cost (mobile broadband access, in-vehicle mobile broadband), critical communications, mass machine network operations (e.g., network slicing, routing, transition and interworking, energy savings), and expanded vehicles and everything Specific services and applications in these categories include: Applications include, for example, monitoring and sensor networks, device remote sensing, to name a few. Remote control, two-way remote control, personal cloud computing, video streaming Wireless cloud-based office, emergency responder connectivity, car e-call, disaster Harm alerts, real-time games, multi-person video calls, autonomous driving, augmented reality, tactile These use cases and others are all subject to change without notice. This will be discussed in writing.

[0039] FIG. 3A is an exemplary diagram in which the methods and apparatus described and claimed herein may be implemented. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a communication system 100. As shown, the exemplary communication system 10 0 is a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) 102a, 102b, 102c, and / or or 102d (which may be generally or collectively referred to as WTRU 102), and a wireless access point. Network (RAN) 103 / 104 / 105 / 103b / 104b / 105b and Core Network 106 / 107 / 109 and Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 1 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, but are not limited to those disclosed. Embodiments may include any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or It will be understood that considering the elements WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 1 02d, 102e are each configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment , may be any type of apparatus or device. 2c, 102d, and 102e are depicted in FIG. 3E as handheld wireless communication devices, With the various use cases being considered for 5G wireless communications, each WTRU will have, for example, However, user equipment (UE), mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, Pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, tablets tablets, netbooks, notebook computers, personal computers, wireless sensors, consumer electronic devices, wearable devices such as smart watches or smart clothing , medical or e-health devices, robots, industrial equipment, drones, cars, trucks, trains, or or vehicles such as airplanes, etc., configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals. Comprising or capable of being embodied as any type of apparatus or device will be appreciated.

[0040] The communications system 100 may also include a base station 114a and a base station 114b. 114a wirelessly interfaces with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. The interface is the core network 106 / 107 / 109 and the Internet 11 0, and / or other networks 112. The base station 114b may be any type of device configured to facilitate communication. , RRH (Remote Radio Head) 118a, 118b and / or TRP (Transmit and Receive 119a, 119b) and at least one of the It takes the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, and and / or other networks 112. The RRHs 118a, 118b may be any type of device configured to The WTRU 102c wirelessly interfaces with at least one of the WTRUs 102c and Network 106 / 107 / 109, Internet 110, and / or other networks configured to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as network 112 , can be any type of device. and wirelessly interfaces with at least one of the core network 106 / 1. 07 / 109, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112, etc. Any type of device configured to facilitate access to the above communications network. As an example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be base transceiver stations (BTSs). , Node-B, eNodeB, Home Node B, Home eNode B, Site Co The base stations 114a, 114b, 114c, 114d, 114e, 114f, 114g, 114h ... Although each of the base stations 114a, 114b is depicted as a single element, the base stations 114a, 114b may be any number of It should be understood that the present invention may include interconnected base stations and / or network elements. .

[0041] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and may be controlled by a base station controller. other base stations and The base station 114b may include a plurality of network elements (not shown) and / or a plurality of network elements (not shown). 3b / 104b / 105b, which may also be part of a Base Station Controller (BSC) , other base stations such as radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, and / or The base station 114a may include a network element (not shown) called a cell (not shown). may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic area; The base station 114b provides wired and wireless communication within a particular geographic area, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). The cell may be further configured to: For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may be divided into, for example, cell In one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, one for each sector. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology may be employed, thus allowing multiple transmissions and receptions per sector of a cell. The machine can be used.

[0042] The base station 114a may be connected via any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), The radiation can be microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, cm-wave, mm-wave, etc. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. 117 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0043] The base station 114b may be connected to any suitable wired (e.g., cable, fiber optic, etc.) or wireless Communications links (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV) ), visible light, cm-wave, mm-wave, etc.) and a wired or air interface 115b / 116b / 117b via RRH118a, 118b and / or TRP11 9a, 119b. 116b / 117b may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT). do.

[0044] RRH118a, 118b and / or TRP119a, 119b may be any suitable Wireless communication links (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet ( The air interface 115c / 11 can be UV, visible light, cm-wave, mm-wave, etc. 6c / 117c to communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102c, 102d. The air interface 115c / 116c / 117c may be any suitable wireless access point. The method can be established using the RAT.

[0045] More specifically, as previously mentioned, communication system 100 is a multiple access system. It may be one or more channels such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, RAN103 / 104 / 105 and WT Base station 114a or RAN 103b / 104b in RU 102a, 102b, 102c RRHs 118a, 118b and TR in / 105b and WTRUs 102c, 102d P119a and 119b each use wideband CDMA (WCDMA (registered trademark)) and air interface 115 / 116 / 117 or 115c / 116c / 117 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) terrestrial wireless access that can establish WCDMA is a high-speed packet access technology. HSPA and / or evolved HSPA (HSPA+) communication protocols. HSPA is abbreviated as High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or It may include High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0046] In one embodiment, the RAN 103b / 104b / 105b and the WTRU 102c, 02d and the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c or RRH1 TRP18a, 118b, and TRP119a, 119b were obtained by long-term evolution, respectively. Use LTE (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) to Establish an interface 115 / 116 / 117 or 115c / 116c / 117c The present invention may implement radio technologies such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). In the future, the air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117 may implement 3GPP NR technology. do.

[0047] In one embodiment, base station 114a in RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and RAN 1 WTRU102a in 03b / 104b / 105b and WTRU102c, 102d, 102b, 102c or RRH118a, 118b and TRP119a, 119b , IEEE802.16 (e.g., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications System (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) , GSM (registered trademark), EDGE (GERAN), and other wireless technologies may be implemented.

[0048] The base station 114c in FIG. 3A may be, for example, a wireless router, a home Node B, a home It can be an eNode B, or an access point, and can be located in an office, home, vehicle, campus, etc. Any suitable RAT may be used to facilitate wireless connectivity within a local area such as a location. In one embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRU 102e may use IEEE 802.11b / g / n. Implementing wireless technologies such as 2.11 to establish a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) In one embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRU 102d may be IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n. Implementing wireless technologies such as .15 to establish a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) In a further embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRU 102e may RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM) ), LTE, LTE-A, etc.) may be used to establish picocells or femtocells. As shown in FIG. 3A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Therefore, the base station 114c can communicate with the Access to the Internet 110 may not be required.

[0049] RAN103 / 104 / 105 and / or RAN103b / 104b / 105b ,via Internet Protocol (VoIP) service, the WTRU 102a, 10 2b, 102c, and 102d, and one or more of the following: voice, data, and applications and / or any type of network configured to provide voice. may communicate with the core network 106 / 107 / 109. Q106 / 107 / 109 provides call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, It provides services such as internet access, prepaid calls, internet connectivity, and video streaming. and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication.

[0050] Although not shown in FIG. 3A, RAN103 / 104 / 105 and / or RAN10 3b / 104b / 105b and / or core networks 106 / 107 / 109 Same as RAN103 / 104 / 105 and / or RAN103b / 104b / 105b may communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs employing the same RAT or different RATs. It will be appreciated that, for example, RAN103 / 10 may utilize E-UTRA radio technology. In addition to being connected to RAN 4 / 105 and / or RAN 103b / 104b / 105b The core network 106 / 107 / 109 also employs GSM wireless technology. The RAN may communicate with another RAN (not shown).

[0051] The core network 106 / 107 / 109 also includes the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 10 102c, 102d, 102e, and serves as a gateway for PSTN 108 , the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The STN108 is a circuit-switched telephone system that provides plain old analog telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a communication network such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and TCP / IP Internet Protocol Use common communication protocols such as Internet Protocol (IP) in the includes a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices Network 112 may be owned and / or operated by another service provider. For example, network 112 may include a wired or wireless communication network operated by , RAN103 / 104 / 105 and / or RAN103b / 104b / 105b and Another core network connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same or different RATs. It may include a network.

[0052] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in the communication system 100 All of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may include multi-mode capabilities, e.g., c, 102d, and 102e are connected to different wireless networks via different wireless links. For example, the WTRU 102 shown in FIG. e may employ cellular-based wireless technology, a base station 114a, and an IEEE 802.11 wireless The base station 114c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114c, which may employ the technology.

[0053] FIG. 3B illustrates a wireless communication system according to an embodiment illustrated herein, such as a WTRU 102. 3B is a block diagram of an exemplary apparatus or device configured for communication. Thus, the exemplary WTRU 102 includes a processor 118, a transceiver 120, and a transmit / receive Element 122, speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and display / Touchpad / indicator 128, non-removable memory 130, and removable memory memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, etc. and peripherals 138. The WTRU 102 may include the aforementioned It should be understood that embodiments may include any subcombination of elements. Notably, but also in particular, Transceiver Stations (BTS), Node-B, and Service Points Controller, Access Point (AP), Home Node-B, Evolved Home Node -B (eNodeB), Home evolved Node-B (HeNB), Home evolved Node -B gateways, and base stations 114a and 114b and / or The nodes that base stations 114a and 114b may represent are depicted in FIG. 32B and are described herein. It is envisioned that the present invention may include some or all of the elements described in.

[0054] The processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital Digital Signal Processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, associated with a DSP core one or more microprocessors, controllers, microcontrollers, or application-specific Integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any The processor 118 may be any other type of integrated circuit (IC), state machine, etc. Coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or WTRU 102 The processor may perform any other functionality that enables the processor to operate in a wireless environment. 118 may be coupled to a transceiver 120, which may be coupled to a transmit / receive element 122. Although FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip. It will be understood that the various

[0055] The transmit / receive element 122 communicates via the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 with transmitting signals to or receiving signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a); For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit an RF signal. The antenna may be configured to transmit and / or receive signals. However, RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and / or Core Network 106 / 107 / 109 may employ the same RAT as RAN103 / 104 / 105 or a different RAT; It will be appreciated that the E-UTR may communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs. In addition to being connected to the RAN 103 / 104 / 105, which may utilize A radio technology, Networks 106 / 107 / 109 may also include other networks employing GSM wireless technology. The RAN (not shown) may communicate with the RAN.

[0056] The core network 106 / 107 / 109 also includes the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 10 2c, 102d, and serves as a gateway for the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. 8 is a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), user data UDP, and the TCP / IP Internet Protocol Suite Interconnected networks using common communication protocols such as the Internet Protocol (IP) It can include a global system of connected computer networks and devices. Network 112 may be owned and / or operated by other service providers, The network 112 may include a wired or wireless communication network. For example, the network 112 may include a RAN1 One or more RANs that may employ the same or different RATs as 03 / 104 / 105 , and a separate core network connected to the

[0057] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in the communication system 100 All of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may include multi-mode capabilities, e.g., c, and 102d communicate with different wireless networks via different wireless links. For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 3A may include multiple transceivers for and a base station 114a that may employ a IEEE 802.11a wireless technology. The base station 114b may be configured to communicate with the base station 114b.

[0058] FIG. 3B illustrates a wireless communication system according to an embodiment illustrated herein, such as a WTRU 102. 32B is a block diagram of an exemplary apparatus or device configured for communication. As such, the exemplary WTRU 102 includes a processor 118, a transceiver 120, and a transmitting / receiving signal element 122, speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and display / touchpad / indicator 128, non-removable memory 130, and removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and other peripherals 138. The WTRU 102 may be configured as described above while remaining consistent with an embodiment. It will be understood that embodiments may include any subcombination of the elements. , among others, but not limited to, Transmitter-Receiver Station (BTS), Node-B, Service Base Controller, Access Point (AP), Home Node-B, Evolved Home Node ode-B (eNodeB), Home Evolved Node-B (HeNB), Home Evolved N Base stations 114a and 114b and 114c, such as the Node-B gateway and proxy nodes, The nodes that base stations 114a and 114b may represent are depicted in FIG. 3B and are not necessarily part of the present invention. It is contemplated that the present invention may include some or all of the elements described herein.

[0059] The processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital Digital Signal Processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, associated with a DSP core one or more microprocessors, controllers, microcontrollers, or application-specific Integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any The processor 118 may be any other type of integrated circuit (IC), state machine, etc. Coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or WTRU 102 The processor may perform any other functionality that enables the processor to operate in a wireless environment. 118 may be coupled to a transceiver 120, which may be coupled to a transmit / receive element 122. Although FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip. It will be understood that the various

[0060] The transmit / receive element 122 communicates via the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 with transmitting signals to or receiving signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a); For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit an RF signal. In one embodiment, the antenna may be configured to transmit and / or receive. The transmit / receive element 122 may transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. may be an emitter / detector configured to receive. / Receiving element 122 may be configured to transmit and receive both RF and optical signals. The transmit / receive element 122 transmits and / or receives any combination of wireless or wired signals. It will be appreciated that the device may be configured to receive or transmit a signal.

[0061] Additionally, although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 3B as a single element, the WT The RU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Transmitting and receiving radio signals via air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117 The transmitter / receiver 120 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting / receiving signals.

[0062] The transceiver 120 modulates the signal transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122. and may be configured to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. 20, the WTRU 102 is connected to multiple R It may include multiple transceivers to enable communication via the AT.

[0063] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 controls the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 1 26, and / or a display / touchpad / indicator 128 (e.g., LCD Display (LCD) display unit or Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display a processor coupled to the processor and a display unit (not shown) for receiving user input data therefrom. 118 also transmits user data to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and and / or display / touchpad / indicator 128. The processor 118 may include non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 131. 2. The memory device may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory. The non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), Read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, or any other type of memory storage The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (S IM cards, memory sticks, Secure Digital (SD) memory cards, etc. In one embodiment, the processor 118 is a server or home computer (not shown). Accessing information from memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102 and storing it therein The data may be stored.

[0064] The processor 118 may receive power from a power supply 134 and may also receive power from other components within the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 may be configured to distribute and / or control power to the components. The power supply 134 may be any suitable device for powering the TRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may be , may include one or more dry batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0065] The processor 118 also processes location information (e.g., historical location) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. The GPS chipset 136 may be configured to provide coordinates (degrees and latitude) In addition to, or instead of, information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 via the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 to a base station (e.g., 114a, 114b) and / or from two or more nearby base stations. The WTRU 102 may determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received. Location information may be obtained via any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment. It will be understood that

[0066] The processor 118 may further include additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless components. one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide connectivity The peripherals 138 may be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include modules. For example, the peripherals 138 may include: Various sensors such as accelerometers, biometric (e.g., fingerprint) sensors, e-compasses, Satellite transceivers, digital cameras (for photos or videos), Universal Serial Bus (U USB) port or other interconnection interface, vibration device, television receiver / transmitter, Mens-free headset, Bluetooth (registered trademark) module, frequency modulation (F M) Wireless units, digital music players, media players, video game players The application may include a module, an internet browser, etc.

[0067] The WTRU102 can be used in sensors, consumer electronic devices, smart watches, smart clothing, etc. Wearable devices, medical or e-health devices, robots, industrial equipment, drones , or other apparatus or device, such as a vehicle, such as a car, truck, train, or airplane. The WTRU 102 may include an interconnection interface that may comprise one of the peripherals 138. Such equipment or devices may communicate with one another via one or more interconnection interfaces, such as The device may be connected to other components, modules, or systems.

[0068] FIG. 3C is a diagram of the RAN 103 and the core network 106, according to one embodiment. As mentioned above, RAN103 uses UTRA radio technology and has an air interface. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with each other via the R The AN 103 may also communicate with the core network 106. As shown in FIG. The AN 103 communicates with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, 102g, 102h, 102m ... Node-B 14, which may include one or more transceivers for communicating with 102b, 102c. Node-B 140a, 140b, 140c can be included. Each may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) within the RAN 103. The RAN 103 may also include RNCs 142a and 142b. It will be appreciated that the RNC may include any number of Node-Bs and RNCs.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 3C, Node-Bs 140a and 140b communicate with RNC 142a. Additionally, the Node-B 140c may communicate with the RNC 142b. 140a, 140b, and 140c are connected to individual RNCs 14 via Iub interfaces. The RNCs 142a and 142b can communicate with each other via the Iur interface. Each of the RNCs 142a, 142b may communicate with each other via a separate N In addition, the RN C142a and C142b are the external loop power control, load control, admission control, and packet Scheduling, handover control, macro-diversity, security functions, data encryption The device may be configured to perform or support other functionality, such as authentication.

[0070] The core network 106 shown in FIG. 3C includes a media gateway (MGW) 144 , Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 146, Serving GPRS Support Node (SG SN) 148, and / or Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 150 Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the core network 106, , any one of these elements may be an entity other than the core network operator. It will be understood that the Website may be owned and / or operated by

[0071] RNC 142a in RAN 103 communicates with the core network via the IuCS interface. The MSC 146 may be connected to the MGW 144. The MSC 146 and the MGW 144 may , providing access to a circuit-switched network such as the PSTN 108; 102b, 102c and conventional terrestrial communication devices.

[0072] RNC 142a in RAN 103 also communicates with the core network via the IuPS interface. The SGSN 148 may be connected to the GGSN 15 in the network 106. 0. The SGSN 148 and the GGSN 150 may be connected to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, 102g, 102h, 102i, 102m .... b, 102c, provide access to packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110. and facilitates communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. obtain.

[0073] As previously mentioned, the core network 106 may also be owned by other service providers. and / or other wired or wireless networks operated by the network 1. 12.

[0074] FIG. 3D is a diagram of the RAN 104 and core network 107 according to one embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 104 uses E-UTRA radio technology and may communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via the interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with a core network 107.

[0075] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. It is understood that 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c are connected to the air interface. 1 for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via the interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. For example, multiple antennas may be used to transmit wireless signals to the WTRU 102a and from there. The signal can be received.

[0076] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c is connected to a particular cell (not shown). (not limited to) radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, uplink and and / or configured to handle user scheduling in the downlink, etc. As shown in FIG. 3D, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c , and can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0077] The core network 107 shown in FIG. 3D includes a mobility management gateway (MME). 162, a serving gateway 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway Each of the aforementioned elements may be part of the core network 107. Although depicted as a core network operator, any one of these elements may be It is understood that the information contained herein may be owned and / or operated by entities other than the cormorant.

[0078] The MME 162 communicates with the eNode-B 1 in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. 60a, 160b, and 160c, and serve as control nodes. For example, the MME 162 may Authentication, bearer activation / deactivation, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c MME may be responsible for selecting a specific Serving Gateway during initial attachment, etc. 162 also communicates with the RAN 104 and other networks such as GSM or WCDMA. Control plane functions for switching between other RANs (not shown) that employ the same radio technology. This can provide the functionality.

[0079] The serving gateway 164 communicates with the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The service node may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. The routing gateway 164 generally routes user data packets to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and b, 102c. The serving gateway 164 Also, the anchor of the user plane during inter-eNodeB handover, downlink data paging traffic when the Paging Traffic Alert is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c Other functions such as managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c are also possible. It can perform a function.

[0080] The serving gateway 164 also notifies the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c provides access to packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110, 2a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. It may be connected to way 166.

[0081] The core network 107 may facilitate communication with other networks. The network 107 provides the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with a network such as the PSTN 108. provides access to a road-switched network and connects the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c to For example, the core network 107 may facilitate communication between the cellular network and other terrestrial communication devices. It acts as an interface between the core network 107 and the PSTN 108. IP gateways (e.g., IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) servers) In addition, the core network 107 may include or communicate with the WTRU 10. 2a, 102b, and 102c, owned and / or operated by other service providers access to the network 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks It can be provided.

[0082] FIG. 3E illustrates a system diagram of the RAN 105 and the core network 109, according to one embodiment. RAN105 uses IEEE802.16 wireless technology and has an air interface. and an access point 117 that communicates with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. As will be discussed further below, , WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and RAN 105. The communication link between the network 109 may be defined as a reference point.

[0083] As shown in FIG. 3E, the RAN 105 includes base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c. RAN 105 may include an ASN gateway 182 while remaining consistent with the embodiment. It will be appreciated that the base station may include any number of base stations and ASN gateways. Each of the base stations 180a, 180b, 180c is associated with a particular cell within the RAN 105. WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the air interface 117. In one embodiment, the base station 180a may include one or more transceivers for communicating with the 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, multiple antennas may be used to transmit wireless signals to the WTRU 102a and from there to the The base stations 180a, 180b, 180c may also receive handoff triggers, Tunnel establishment, radio resource management, traffic classification, and Quality of Service (QoS) policy enforcement The ASN gateway 182 may provide mobility management functions such as traffic aggregation. It can act as a point of contact for paging, subscriber profile caching, The network 109 may be responsible for routing the data to the network 109, etc.

[0084] Air interface between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and the RAN 105 117 may be defined as the R1 reference point, which implements the IEEE 802.16 specification. Therefore, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c each have a logical interface ( (not shown) may be established with the core network 109. The logical interface between 2c and the core network 109 provides authentication, authorization, IP hosting, defined as an R2 reference point that may be used for network configuration management, and / or mobility management. It can be defined.

[0085] The communication link between each of the base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c is Includes protocols for facilitating WTRU handover and transfer of data, see R8 The base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c and the ASN gateway 18 The communication link between the WTRU 10 and the WTRU 2 may be defined as the R6 reference point. 2a, 102b, and 102c based on the mobility events associated with each of them. It may include protocols for facilitating reliability management.

[0086] As shown in FIG. 3E, the RAN 105 may be connected to a core network 109. The communication link between the RAN 105 and the core network 109 is used for, for example, data transfer and It may be defined as an R3 reference point, which includes protocols to facilitate R2 and R3-related communication and mobility management capabilities. The core network 109 includes a mobile IP home agent (MIP-HA) 18 4, an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server 186, and a gateway 188. Each of the aforementioned elements is depicted as part of the core network 109, but these elements Any one of the elements may be owned by an entity other than the core network operator. and / or operated by the Company.

[0087] The MIP-HA may be responsible for IP address management, and 102c roaming between different ASNs and / or different core networks. MIP-HA184 may enable WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c to provides access to packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110, It may facilitate communication between the Us 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. Server 186 may be responsible for supporting user authentication and user services. The gateway 188 may facilitate interworking with other networks. For example, the gateway 188 may provide a connection between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c and the PSTN 108. and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102 In addition, the gateway 188 may facilitate communication between the , WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to other networks owned and operated by other service providers. Network 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks operated by the may provide access to

[0088] Although not shown in FIG. 3E, the RAN 105 may be connected to other ASNs and may form part of a core network. It will be understood that the network 109 may be connected to other core networks. The communication link between the RAN 105 and other ASNs is a WTRU between the RAN 105 and other ASNs. 102a, 102b, 102c, may include a protocol for coordinating the mobility of the R 4 reference points between the core network 109 and other core networks. The communication link is the interworking between the home core network and the visited core network. The R5 reference point may be defined as a R6 reference point that may include protocols for facilitating communication between the R6 and R7 nodes.

[0089] The core network described herein and illustrated in Figures 3A, 3C, 3D, and 3E The reference entities are given to those entities in certain existing 3GPP specifications. Although identified by name, in the future, their entities and functionality may be different from other An entity or function may be identified by its name, and may be included in future 3GPP NR specifications. It is understood that these specifications may be combined in future specifications published by 3GPP, including Therefore, the features described and illustrated in Figures 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 3E The specific network entities and functionality are provided by way of example only and may not be used in conjunction with the network described herein. Whether the subject matter shown and claimed is currently defined or will be defined in the future It is understood that the present invention may be embodied or implemented in any similar communication system, regardless of the particular embodiment. I want to be.

[0090] Figure 3F shows the RAN 103 / 104 / 105, core network 106 / 107 / 109 , a node in the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, or another network 112 3A, 3C, 3D, and 3E, such as the nodes or functional entities of the communication network The block diagram of an exemplary computing system 90 in which one or more devices of the present invention may be embodied. The computing system 90 includes a computer or server. may be used, primarily to determine where or how such software is stored or accessed. by computer readable instructions, which may be in the form of software, regardless of Such computer-readable instructions may be used to control a computing system. The processor 91 may be implemented in a general-purpose processor 91 to operate the system 90. processors, special purpose processors, conventional processors, digital signal processors (DS P), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core Processors, controllers, microcontrollers, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit ( The processor 91 may be a processor (IC), a state machine, etc. Power control, input / output processing, and / or computing system 90 may be connected to a communications network. The coprocessor may perform any other functionality that allows the coprocessor to operate within the network. 81 is distinct from the main CPU 91, performing additional functions or assisting the processor 91. The processor 91 and / or coprocessor 81 are different, optional processors. receives, generates, and processes data related to the methods and apparatus disclosed herein possible.

[0091] In operation, processor 91 fetches, decodes, and executes instructions to perform computing tasks. The information is transmitted to other resources via the system bus 80, which is the main data transfer path for the operating system. Such a system bus transfers data to and from the computing system. System Bus: Connects components within the system and defines the medium for data exchange. 80 typically has a data line for transmitting data and a address lines and for sending interrupts and operating the system bus. An example of such a system bus 80 is PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) It is a component interconnect bus.

[0092] Memories coupled to the system bus 80 include random access memory (RAM) 82; and a read only memory (ROM) 93. Such memory is a memory in which information is stored and read. ROM 93 generally is easily modified. The data stored in RAM 82 is stored in the processor. 91 or other hardware devices. Access to the RAM 82 and / or ROM 93 is controlled by the memory controller 92. When an instruction is executed, the memory controller 92 may be controlled by a virtual address The memory controller 92 may provide an address translation function that translates the address from the It also isolates processes within the system, isolating system processes from user processes. Therefore, a program that starts in the first mode can It can only access memory that is mapped by its own process virtual address space. and the virtual address of another process, unless memory sharing between processes is configured. It is not possible to access memory in the syslog space.

[0093] In addition, the computing system 90 may include a processor 91, a printer 94, a keyboard 96, and a keyboard 98. Responsible for communicating commands to peripheral devices such as the board 84, mouse 95, and disk drive 85. Optionally, the peripheral controller 83 may include a peripheral controller 83.

[0094] The display 86 controlled by the display controller 96 is is used to display the visual output generated by the display system 90. Possible visual output may include text, graphics, animated graphics, and video. The visual output may be provided in the form of a graphical user interface (GUI). Display 86 is a CRT-based video display, LCD-based flat panel display, panel display, gas plasma-based flat panel display, or touch panel The display controller 96 may be implemented with a display 86. The HDMI input / output (HDMI) signal contains the electronic components required to generate the video signal to be displayed.

[0095] Furthermore, the computing system 90 may be configured to to enable communication with other nodes or functional entities of the network. RAN 103 / 104 / 105, Core Network 106 / 107 / 109, PST N108, Internet 110, or any other of Figures 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 3E. Connecting the computing system 90 to an external communications network, such as network 112 The network adapter 97 may include communication circuitry, such as a network adapter 97, which may be used to communicate with the network. The communication circuitry, alone or in combination with the processor 91, may be any of the components described herein. To perform the transmitting and receiving steps of a device, node, or functional entity It can be used.

[0096] Any of the devices, systems, methods, and processes described herein or All are computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium. The instructions may be embodied in the form of a program (e.g., program code) that is executed by the processor 118 or When executed by a processor, such as a processor 91, the processor may It is understood that the systems, methods, and processes In particular, any of the steps, operations, or functions described herein may be and a method for controlling wireless and / or wired networks, the method comprising: Executed on a processor of a device or computing system configured for network communication. A computer-readable storage medium may be any non-transitory medium for storing information. Volatile and non-volatile media implemented in (i.e., tangible or physical) methods or technologies This includes both removable and non-removable media, but does not include any such computer-readable media. A computer-readable storage medium does not include a signal. AM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic cassettes, magnetic magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or can be used to store information and can be accessed by a computer This includes, but is not limited to, any other tangible or physical medium on which the

[0097] (NR-SS signal design) According to an aspect of the present application, a scalable DL synchronization channel design is described. 5G UEs such as those shown in Figures 3A-E and described above may be configured to operate independently of subcarrier spacing. This allows blind timing and frequency acquisition to be performed without requiring a primary or secondary and / or a secondary synchronization channel. It is expected that 5G will be able to support different numerology standards. The UE determines the DL synchronization based on either a specific subcarrier spacing for y × Δf or common DL synchronization. It is possible to perform timing synchronization and acquisition for all 5G systems. It should be.

[0098] In one embodiment, the DL synchronization protocol supports a minimum subcarrier spacing. In other words, specific 5G applications can be To support intervals, e.g., Δf, 2Δf, MΔf, DL synchronization is performed with the minimum sub- Preferably, the DL synchronization design will be based on ZC sequences. scalable spacing factor y. An example sequence for PSS frequency allocation based on rear spacing is illustrated in FIG. 4A.

[0099] According to another embodiment, the DL synchronization architecture is suitable for deployments such as indoor / outdoor, smartphones, and tablets. Based on the cell / picocell etc., the default subcarrier spacing is set to y × Δf. It is designed to support cells with scalable subcarrier spacing. The number is

number

[0100] According to one embodiment, the scalable subcarrier spacing factor is carried on the PSS signal. The PSS signal can be BPSK, QPSK, or quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM). and for the scalable subcarrier spacing factor y, It can carry redundant information. For example, the PSS signal is generated according to the following equation: It can be done.

number

[0101] where d is a BPSK, QPSK, or QAM symbol. The amount of information is determined by the modulation order. Limited by number. For example,

number

[0102] According to another embodiment, the scalable subcarrier spacing factor is carried over the SSS An exemplary design of the SSS sequence structure is given by:

number

[0103] In the formula, a u(p) ,p={0,1} is expressed as follows: root u(p), schedule is an alternative form of ZC sequence with a scalable subcarrier spacing factor y and length N. do.

number

[0104] ZC sequence a with odd length N and root u(p) u(p) (n), coprime to N If a u(p) a shown as (yn) u(p) Decimation with coefficient y of (n) The imported sequence is still a ZC sequence. a u(p) (yn) will have the following properties:

number

number

[0105] For example, if N=31, u(0)=23, and y=2, the decimated sequence Cans A u(0)=23 (n) is the root v(0) = 30 = mod(23 × 2,2,N) is equivalent to a ZC sequence with

number

[0106] Sequence B y(n) has length N and consists of cyclic shifts of the base sequence b(n). y is the scrambling (or masking) sequence

number

number

number

number

number

[0107] According to an exemplary embodiment, the SSS detection function architecture is illustrated in FIG. In the SSS resource mapping, the SSS resource mapping can be a block interleaver. The SSS resource mapping can be a subcarrier interleaver, as In one embodiment, the SSS resource mapping may follow the techniques described above. According to an embodiment, FIG. 6A illustrates a minimum subcarrier spacing with symbol interleaving. Illustrates SSS DL synchronization sequence frequency allocation for the above 2Δf subcarrier spacing Figure 6B shows the 2Δf subcarrier spacing over the minimum subcarrier spacing using block interleaving. 6C illustrates the SSSDL synchronization sequence frequency allocation for carrier spacing. is the 2Δf subcarrier spacing with symbol interleaving. FIG. 6D illustrates the SSS DL synchronization sequence frequency allocation for block spacing. 2Δf subcarrier spacing with 2Δf subcarrier spacing using interleaving 1 illustrates the SSS DL synchronization sequence frequency allocation for

[0108] According to yet another embodiment, a UE synchronization program using a scalable subcarrier spacing factor is provided. Here, the scalable subcarrier spacing factor is In the first step, the UE performs primary synchronization signal detection. In the second step, the UE performs secondary synchronization signal detection. The UE performs cell identity detection. This is followed by confirmation. Finally, the UE performs PBCH decoding. The program will be implemented.

[0109] According to an embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 7A, scalable subcarriers If the spacing factor y is carried on a PSS, the following protocol is followed: For example, in the PSS detection stage (step 1), the UE detects the received Correlate the obtained PSS with Q possible PSS sequences, where Q is the number of sequences The maximum number of different PSS sequences that can be transmitted is also the maximum number of distinct PSS sequences that can be transmitted. Select the strongest peak associated with the corresponding

number

[0110] Then, in the SSS detection stage, the UE compares the received signal with the P possible SSS sequences (Step 3) performs a step of correlating P with the maximum number of The UE then selects the strongest peak and

number

number

number

number

number

[0111] According to another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7B, for example, scalable subcarriers The spacing factor y can be derived via SSS. The following protocol is used in this scenario: Specifically, in the PSS detection stage, the UE divides the received signal into Q possible Q can be correlated with a suitable PSS sequence (step 1). The UE then selects the strongest peak and assigns it to the root sequence. Corresponding with Su

number

[0112] Then, in the SSS detection stage, the UE compares the received signal with the P possible SSS sequences (Step 3) performs a step of correlating P with the maximum number of Then, the UE selects the strongest peak and calculates the corresponding route. The corresponding scalable subcarrier spacing factor y is also derived. (prior to step 4). The root v and the scalable subcarrier spacing factor y are After obtaining, the root u is obtained (via equation (6)) and the corresponding

number

number

number

number

number

[0113] (Extended DL Sync Channel Preamble Identification) In order to carry more preamble identification, the DL synchronization preamble design This is proposed to extend the preamble ID design. The DL synchronization channel signal is Two combinations of C or ZC sequences can be used. AZAC sequences are subcarrier interleaved or block interleaved. Figure 8 shows the two CAZAC subcarrier interleaving schemes in the FD. The sequence is shown.

[0114] According to an aspect of the present application, improved and simplified beamforming-based initial access for NR systems is provided. In another aspect, a solution for providing RRC_Connection is described. In yet another aspect, beamforming training in a controlled state is described. A flexible frame structure designed for is described.

[0115] In one embodiment, devices on the network may be configured to The device is also described as including a non-transitory memory with instructions stored thereon. , operatively coupled to a non-transient memory, and (i) receiving beamforming training reference signals from the nodes; (ii) determining a number of beams in a beamforming training reference signal; and (iii) selecting a beam from among several beams; and (iv) symbol timing of the selected beam. (v) calculating subframe and frame timing for the selected beam; The processor is operable to execute instructions to decode the program identification.

[0116] In one aspect, the processor further comprises: In another aspect, the processor is further operable to: Uplink transmission beamforming is employed to provide beam discrimination feedback to new wireless nodes. In yet another aspect, the processor can further execute instructions for: The instructions may be executable to receive an acknowledgment from the new wireless node. In the, the processor further The instruction to decode the

[0117] In one embodiment, BF sweeping and BF training are performed at NR-nodes, transmission and reception points (T It is envisaged that this may be done in the RP, or in the Remote Radio Head (RRH). As a result, NR-nodes, TRPs, and RRHs may be interchangeable. The time intervals containing L and / or UL transmissions are flexible for different numerologies. In this case, the RAN slices can be configured statically or semi-statically. The turbulence is called a subframe.

[0118] (Beamforming-based initial access) In an embodiment, an NR-node may transmit a periodic beamforming training reference signal (BT-RS) The periodic BT-RS can be transmitted to the UE for initial access. During the access phase, two main functions for the UE can be served.

[0119] Among these functions are DL timing-frequency synchronization and PBCH demodulation. The BT-RS transmits N (wide) frames in each periodic initial access DL transmission interval. Each beam initial access DL transmission duration is Q In the OFDM symbol, K beams are set, and each beam transmits for a duration of DL. When beam sweeping is performed simultaneously, the total transmission duration for all N beams is

number

number

number

number

[0120] The periodicity P of the BT-RS transmission, the number of symbol durations Q for the beam transmission duration, The number of simultaneous radio transmissions, K, is determined by the number of numerology or RAN slices in the NR system, respectively. , and can be independently configured to support numerology, as shown in FIG. 10C. Each or three RAN slice sub-bands contain their own BT-RS individually in frequency.

[0121] There are two possible options for BT-RS configuration. One option is Each supported numerology or RAN slice has its own BT-RS settings / configuration. Another option is to have multiple numerology or RAN slices in the same BT- It shares RS settings / configuration.

[0122] In the following examples, it is assumed that two different numerologies are supported within the NR system. Without loss of generality, one numerology (numerology 1) has a wider sub-category than the other (numerology 2). Therefore, numerology 1 has a shorter symbol time than numerology 2. In this example shown in FIG. 11, for numerology 1, N1=5, K1=1, and For numerology 2, use Q1=1, and for numerology 2, use N2=3, K2=1, and Q2=2. It is assumed that the periodicity of BT-RS is two in this example. The periodicity of the BT-RS is set to 5 subframes (i.e., P=2). (i.e., P=5). Different numerology also has an initial access can share the same BT-RS configuration for all supported You only need to discover the shared BT-RS settings for the supported devices.

[0123] In Figure 11, a shared BT-RS with two supported protocols is shown. In this example, the NR-node / TRP receives two numerologies and the UE's initial access request. Supports only shared BT-RS settings for BT-RS. BT-RS supports latency, device capabilities, and Depending on the BF sweep requirements, etc., it may be allocated to one of the numerology sub-bands.

[0124] Additionally, BT-RS can be supported within self-contained subframes. In a self-contained subframe, the BT-RS transmits a known frequency-time In FIG. 12, the NR BT-RS can be placed in DL resource i during the initiation of DL. It is placed at L symbols and its periodicity is set to P=5 intervals. The settings can be predefined with a fixed configuration, as shown in FIG. 13A, or As shown in B, when the intervals are reconstructed using different numerologies, semi-statically The reconfiguration by the NR-node or TRP can be configured to send the UE a This may be indicated via system information broadcast or higher layer signaling such as a do.

[0125] (Cell (or sector or RAN slice) synchronization and timing acquisition) In one embodiment, the UE is in an initial access phase and is When the UE does not have knowledge of the timing information, the UE monitors for periodically transmitting BT-RSs; Symbol timing, subframe and frame timing are available The UE can form N correlated beams (or The timing synchronization can be performed based on N assumptions. The BT-RS may be associated with a counter so that the number of beams in the T-RS may be determined. Therefore, it may be known to the UE.

[0126] The DL initial access signals are the DL synchronization channel (signal), the beam reference signal, and the PBC The DL initial access signal is carried by the DL beam sweeping block. , each beam sweep block contains either a single OFDM or multiple OFDM symbols. A DL beam sweeping subframe may include multiple beam sweeping blocks, and a DL synchronization channel may The PSS and SSS can be placed in different OFDM symbols and beam swept. The pull block contains only one DL synchronization channel, and the beam reference signal and PBCH are PBCH may coexist in the same or different OFDM symbols. The individual channels and beam reference signals may have different transmission periods.

[0127] If the DL synchronization channel carries both cell and beam IDs, the UE The detected beam sweep block and the DL beam sweep block can be identified. It is possible to calculate the timing offset between the DL sweeping subframes.

[0128] If the DL synchronization channel only carries the cell ID, the UE shall use the beam ID as the beam reference Therefore, the UE can detect the DL beam sweeping beam to be detected. The lock can be grasped, and the detected beam sweep block and DL sweep subframe and It is possible to calculate the timing offset between

[0129] In NR, the initial access procedure consists of the following four subprocedures and signals: It consists of.

[0130] 1. Initial synchronization and cell search DL Sync Channel: PSS and SSS

[0131] 2. Beam Training and Tracking Beam Reference Signal

[0132] 3. MIB system information delivery PBCH Channel

[0133] 4. Random Access UL PRACH Channel

[0134] NR is classified into LF-NR (i.e., below 6 GHz) and HF-NR (i.e., above 6 GHz). GHz) deployments. In LF-NR, a single wider beam However, in HF-NR, a single beam wider than Therefore, multiple narrow beams may be used to cover a wide area. It is the preferred solution for improving coverage in F-NR. R is a single beam-based (or single sector) and Both multi-beam (multi-sector) based approaches can be supported. The signal is DL synchronization channel (e.g., PSS / SSS, beamforming reference signal, and P Single and multi-beam implementations for initial access signal transmission are , as illustrated in Figure 14. In Figure 14A, the DL initial access signal is transmitted over a single wider beam. In Figure 14B, the DL initial access signal is transmitted using each narrow beam. Each narrow beam is aimed at a different horizontal angle for a 2D beam instant.

[0135] Since simultaneous transmission of a large number of beams may be limited in NR-nodes, One possible solution is to use the beam sweeping method for the DL initial access signal. The purpose is to transmit multiple beams. The sweep block is the time unit for sweeping the beam. A block, for example an OFDM symbol or multiple OFDM symbols, is defined. Either a beam or multiple beams are swept in a sweep block (time). A beam sweep subframe can consist of multiple sweep blocks. An example of a frame and block is shown. The DL beam sweep subframe is This periodic time T can be transmitted periodically by URLLC, mMTC, or eMBB. In addition, single or multiple sweeps may be used. Subframes can be used in NR systems.

[0136] The beam sweep block includes the DL synchronization channel (PSS / SSS), beam tracking reference signal, and PBCH channels. If one of these is used per beam sweep block, the DL synchronization channel, beam base The quasi-signal and PBCH should coexist within an OFDM symbol. The phase channel, beam reference channel, and PBCH are FDM within the OFDM symbol. If multiple OFDM symbols are used per beam sweep block, each beam The sweep block can have the following options:

[0137] (i) DL synchronization channels PSS / SSS shall be placed in different OFDM symbols. can be done.

[0138] (ii) Only one DL synchronization channel is in the beam sweep block and the PSS Located either in the last OFDM symbol or the first symbol in a beam sweep block .

[0139] (iii) The beam reference signal and the PBCH may be in the same OFDM symbol or in different OFDM symbols. can coexist within a DM symbol, or

[0140] (iv) The PBCH has a different transmission period than the DL synchronization channel and beam reference signal. obtain.

[0141] An example beam sweep block with a single OFDM symbol is presented in FIG. 16A. In an embodiment, DL synchronization and PBCH coexist. An example of a sweep block is presented in Figure 16B. In this example diagram, DL sync, PBC H and the beam reference signals can be placed in different OFDM symbols. However, only one DL sync exists within the beam sweep block.

[0142] To perform beam sweeping, the NR-node selects a subset of the beam during each sweep block. Enable the block. Either single beam or multi-beam can be used in the beam sweep block. FIG. 17A shows a sector consisting of four beams. In this example, a full set of 12 beams is enabled per lock. , swept in three sweep blocks. Figure 17B shows one beam in each sector. In this example, a full set of 12 beams is enabled per lock. , are swept in four sweep blocks.

[0143] Sweep blocks can be employed for self-contained subframes. , DL sweep blocks are separated by a guard period to allow Rx / Tx switching. 1 shows an example of a self-contained sweep subframe structure that can be implemented in a variety of ways.

[0144] (DL synchronization channel design within the beam sweep block) As mentioned above, only a single DL synchronization channel (signal) exists per beam sweep block. However, if the DL sweep subframe contains several sweep blocks, Therefore, the UE may detect multiple DL synchronization channels during the DL sweeping subframe. , those detected multiple DL synchronization channels are Therefore, the timing offset is compensated for and the DL synchronization channel is This timing ambiguity caused by multi-beam transmission of the channel (signal) needs to be resolved. This can be accomplished by:

[0145] If the DL synchronization channel carries both cell and beam IDs, the UE The UE can detect the DL synchronization channel and beam ID. The DL beam sweep block to be detected can be grasped. It is possible to calculate the timing offset from the DL sweep subframe to the DL sweep subframe.

[0146] If the DL synchronization channel carries only the cell ID, the UE uses the beam ID as the beam reference. Therefore, the UE can detect the DL beam sweeping beam to be detected. The DL sweep subframe can be determined from the detected beam sweep block. For example, the beam reference signal can be calculated as The frequency and / or time resources may be tied to a cell ID, but may be different for different This is because the UE can uniquely select a beam using a beam reference signal. This is one way to make it possible to identify

[0147] A unique beam ID may be used for each beam in a cell, which identifies the beam for a given TRP. allow multiple TRPs in a geographic area to be distinguished from each other within the same TRP. These beams are each uniquely assigned a signal so that the beams can be unambiguously distinguished from one another. The design of the unique beam ID is important for the measurement and This is necessary to enable intra-beam handoff and intra-cell handoff, especially in >6GHz deployments. It is expected that the system will support hundreds of beams through the TRP. It is desirable to minimize the number of hypothesis searches in the determination process. , the beams can be identified in a two-step process as outlined below. An alternative procedure is proposed.

[0148] Step 1: Determine Cell ID - The cell ID is identified in the first step and It is proposed to minimize the number of times the cell ID is searched. When blacklisted, the UE stops searching for beams in that cell. For example, the Cell ID can be used in PS However, this step can be determined using PSS and S Since the SSs are on beams that occur at different times within a subframe / frame, the frame time Note that timing cannot be provided.

[0149] Step 2: Determine the Beam ID - The Beam ID is determined after knowledge of the Cell ID is obtained. One way to accomplish this is to place the third synchronization signal (TSS) at a fixed position within the frame. The TSS sequence is the Beam ID (or Beam The cell ID and resources used by the Once the UE has acquired the cell ID, it resolves the number of possible hypotheses about the beam and selects the beam. The TSS and the detected beam sweep block location are then used to , to obtain the frame timing. The relative location of the detected beam sweep block is Indicates the beam ID.

[0150] An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 19, where the PSS and SSS are beam swept. There are three beams transmitted in different symbols in the form of The TSS on each beam is allocated within the 0th symbol of the subframe as shown in the figure. The possibility of TSS where different beams share the same resources is The possibility is not excluded, especially when the beams do not overlap spatially. Once the SS is found (based on the beam that provides the best SINR or highest received signal strength), ), and determine the cell ID. In this embodiment, the UE makes three assumptions about the time-location of the TSS. Once we have the numbers, we proceed to decode the TSS and select the one that maximizes the SINR.

[0151] Furthermore, for the above scheme, the beam reference signal is tied to the cell ID and beam ID. Similarly, it is proposed that all transmissions on a beam be tagged with the cell ID and the beam number. For example, PBCH, DCI, and PDSCH The scrambling sequence used to scramble the PHY channels, such as The packet is generated using both the cell ID and the beam ID together.

[0152] Figure 20 shows how the DL beam sweep block controls the four sweep beams in the beam sweep subframe. The following illustrates a scenario where a swept beam must be associated with a beam ID. Therefore, this beam ID is transmitted without using a beam reference signal to carry the beam ID. It can be combined with DL synchronization channel sequences such as SS / SSS. If the channel carries both cell and beam ID, the UE selects the best beam for DL. This is done by detecting the synchronization signal, which allows the UE to know which DL beam sweep block should be detected. Therefore, the UE can extract the DL sweep subframes from the detected sweep block. The timing offset to the frame can be determined.

[0153] Aspects for beamforming-based initial access are now described in detail below. The DL synchronization channel for the initial signal design in the NR system is addressed. , LF-NR (i.e., below 6 GHz) and HF-NR (i.e., above 6 GHz) In LF-NR, a single wider beam is used to cover a wider area. However, in HF-NR, a single wider beam may be sufficient for Therefore, multiple narrow beams may be used to cover the entire target area. Therefore, NR systems are the preferred solution for improving initial accessibility. For signal transmission, single beam-based (or single sector) and multi-beam-based The initial access signal can be transmitted over the DL (multi-sector) approach. This includes DL synchronous channels, i.e., PSS / SSS and PBCH channels. This can be treated as a unit of beam sweep time for broadcasting the first channel. The DL initial access beam sweeping block and the NR-PBCH for initial access are Each sweep block may consist of at least one CP-OFDM symbol. Multiple blocks can form a beam sweep burst. The burst length refers to the number of beam sweep blocks in the burst. If the burst length is equal to M, then there are N sweep blocks in the burst. , DL swept burst and block implementation for DL ​​synchronization channel and NR-PBCH An example is depicted. DL beam sweep bursts are transmitted periodically with a periodic time T. This period T may be used for different access points such as URLLC, mMTC, or eMBB services. With application, or different frequency bands (or frequency ranges) and numerology The value may vary depending on the

[0154] NR-PSS is primarily concerned with symbol timing and / or subcarrier spacing detection. NR-SSS derives the subframe index and the symbol / If NR-SSS can be used to derive the subframe index, Identification is done by using the partial cell ID NID(2) and the symbol as a subframe counter / index. The UE shall ensure that the DL sweep subframe carries both the sweep block and the DL sweep block. Since the DL sweep burst contains multiple DL synchronization channels, multiple DL synchronization channels can be detected during the DL sweep burst. The detected DL synchronization channels are then sent to the CP-OFDM symbol / subframe. Therefore, in this specification, the timing offset is used to Compensation to resolve timing ambiguities caused by multi-beam transmission of channels (signals) In one embodiment, the DL synchronization channel includes the cell ID and and a symbol to subframe index / counter, the UE Detects cell ID and synchronizes index / counter from symbol to subframe with DL Therefore, the UE can only fetch from the DL channel to be detected. The beam sweep block can be grasped, and the detected Calculate the timing offset from the selected beam sweep block to the DL sweep subframe. It is possible for a cell to have multiple TRPs, and in some cases different TRPs from the same cell. The Tx-TRPs transmit the same cell ID via the NR-PSS and NR-SSS. obtain.

[0155] In addition, periodic beam sweep bursts for DL ​​synchronization and NR-PBCH are For example, different NR cells may have different sweep burst lengths. The burst length can be set according to the frequency band (or frequency range) or numerology. The PBCH is a CP-OFDM symbol for the initial access block. If NR-PSS / NR-SSS are the same or different OFDM symbols, In some cases, the NR-PBCH can coexist within an FDM symbol. The NR-PSS, NR-SSS, and NR- The subcarrier spacing for the PBCH can be the same or different.

[0156] In the exemplary beam sweeping block, the DL synchronization channel (NR-PSS / SSS) and N The beam sweeping block may carry the R-PBCH channel. When associated with a system, DL synchronization channels (NR-PSS, NR-SSS) and NR - PBCH may need to coexist within an OFDM symbol. In this case, DL synchronization channel The channel and NR-PBCH are frequency division multiplexed (FDM) within an OFDM symbol. In some cases, the NR-SSS needs to be the demodulation reference signal for the NR-PBCH. In this case, the REs for NR-SSS and NR-PBCH are interleaved in the allocated RBs. In one embodiment, the RE of NR-SSS and NR-PBCH can be are interleaved in the allocated RBs for NR-SSS and NR-PBCH. In another embodiment, the NR-SSS and NR-PBCH are allocated to different resource blocks. The resource locations for NR-PBCH and NR-SSS are determined by the frequency band / range. It can depend.

[0157] Referring now to FIG. 21B, and in particular to FIG. 21B(i) and FIG. 21B(ii), a single O An example of sweep blocks with FDM symbols is presented. In this example, NR-SS S and NR-PBCH may be allocated to the same RB, but they are not RE interleaved. As shown in Figure 21B(iii), NR-SSS and NR-PBCH are The location of the NR-SSS and NR-PBCH may be different from the surrounding area. In some cases, the sweep block may be divided into multiple CP-OFDM systems. If the NR-PSSS, NR-SSS, and NR-PBCH are a composite of The CP-OFDM symbols may be arranged in different CP-OFDM symbols. The DL sweep block is depicted. The NR-PBCH resources are the same as those of NR-SSS. It can be P-OFDM.

[0158] According to another aspect of the present application, an eNB in ​​a 5G network may It is adopted to support multiple major numerologies. "Major numerology" is DL control and CP length, subcarrier spacing, and symbol duration for the data channel and possible A set of PHY channel parameters that defines some system information as For example, the eNB may signal a DL synchronization signal and channel (PBCH). and uses a "common synchronization signal numerology" to carry system information. , which may contain important system information. eNBs in the network Although they may support different major numerologies.

[0159] In an embodiment, the primary numerology of the eNB may be unknown to the UE prior to synchronizing to the cell. However, the UE knows the synchronous numerology. By doing so, the UE The UE then performs its initial cell search using the parameters of the initial signaling scheme. Decodes available system information for the device.

[0160] Furthermore, the system information transmitted using the synchronization numerology is transmitted to the k-th supported Carries the field numerologyConfig-k for the primary numerology to be used. numerologyConfig-k, for example, cpConfig, which indicates the CP length and subcarrier spacing for linear numerology (k≧1) It may contain two fields such as -k and subcarrierSpacing-k. Table 8 shows an example configuration for numerologyConfig-k. [Table 8]

[0161] The parameters for synchronous numerology are configured using numerologyConfig-sync. numerologyConfig-sync is given by, for example, cpCon It contains two fields: fig-K and subcarrierSpacing-k. Table 9 describes an example configuration for numerologyConfig-sync. do. [Table 9]

[0162] FIG. 22 illustrates the same configuration as disclosed in FIGS. 3A-F, where different cells have different configurations for the primary numerology. 1 illustrates an exemplary 5G system in which the cells have a common synchronization signal. Typically, the eNB assigns one of the primary numerologies to the UE. The assignment is made when the eNB This occurs after synchronization and connection to a cell through the initial cell search. Different criteria may be used. One criterion is to determine the RAN slicing configured for the UE. Here, a UE with low latency requirements may have a maximum carrier spacing and a shortest symbol spacing. Another criterion is the network load. In this case, if the RAN has high resource utilization, the eNB may The UE may be assigned to the primary numerology with the longest symbol duration. For example, if the RAN determines that the UE is in an indoor location, it may Numerology with CP can be assigned.

[0163] The primary numerology assignment is expected to be carried on the cell's system information. The use case is that the primary numerology communicates through different blocks of system information or through RRC The following diagram illustrates different deployments of the WAN resources allocated over a single connection. Consider a 5G eNB with a synchronization algorithm. The eNB uses its synchronization algorithm to synchronize the MIB The primary numerology carries all other system information and controls the data channel. The UE initiates the cell search procedure and obtains the physical cell identity (P CI) and use the previously known synchronization numerology to decode the MIB. The numerologyConfig field specifies the primary numerology supported in the cell. The UE now uses the primary numerology to decode the remaining system information. and establishes an RRC connection.

[0164] In the second use case, the above-described diagrams, such as those shown in Figures 7C-F, involve multiple primary numerology. Consider a 5G eNB. The eNB uses synchronous numerology to The MIB transmitted via synchronous numerology is the main numerology supported. This carries the information of the network that is configured with the main numerology supported, for example. It may contain a mapping of network slices to network slices that are pre-configured to belong to a certain network slice. The UE that is configured obtains its primary numerology from this MIB. Table 10 below shows the numer ologyConfig-k and provides example mappings for different network slices. do. [Table 10]

[0165] According to the present application, it is assumed that the 5G system / cell may select the synchronization signal numerology. In particular, the system is designed to support the lowest number of all available numerologies that can be supported. sampling rate, minimum subcarrier spacing, or minimum latency constraints (minimum DL symbol count). Figure 23 shows an illustrative example of a decision tree for detecting primary numerology. This is proof.

[0166] According to yet another embodiment, the numerology used by DL synchronization in neighboring cells Information about the system is provided by eNBs / cells to the UEs to which they are connected. When cell reselection is required, the UE will For example, neighbor cell information can be synchronized seamlessly with the LTE If provided in SIBs such as SIB-4 and SIB-5 in The information about the numerology is stored in a field called syncNumerologyConfig. This field will be provided through the SIB. IntraFreqNeighCellInfo field or Inter It can be part of the FreqNeighCellInfo field in Table 12 below and 13 respectively stores the syncNumerologyConfig information for the neighboring cells. Table 11 shows an example configuration of SIB-4 and SIB-5, which carry additional fields. The field is syncNumerology. [Table 11]

[0167] According to yet another embodiment, a device on a 5G network performs synchronization with neighboring cells. It is envisioned that the device may include a non-transitory memory with instructions stored thereon for performing the functions described above. The apparatus is operably coupled to the non-transitory memory and includes (i) a device connected to the first cell. (ii) decoding the system information block of the first cell; and (iii) system information determining that the block contains the synchronization numerology of neighboring cells; and (iv) determining the synchronization numerology of neighboring cells; a processor capable of executing instructions to perform next synchronization signal detection and (v) synchronize with a neighboring cell. Includes.

[0168] In one aspect of this embodiment, the processor further determines whether the neighboring cell is a criterion for cell reselection. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the processor may further Additionally, a handover can be initiated from the first cell to a neighboring cell.

[0169] Table 12 below provides suggestions for information about neighbor cell numerology in the DL synchronization signal information element. Example SystemInformationBlockT with the proposed solution The type5 (SIB-5) information element is illustrated. [Table 12-1] [Table 12-2] [Table 12-3] [Table 12-4]

[0170] The syncNumerology field contains the CP length of the symbol, the subcarrier spacing, and enough information to completely describe the symbol duration of the DL synchronization signal of the neighboring cell. Table 13 below shows the information about neighbor cell syncNumerology configured. This section explains how this can be done. [Table 13]

[0171] In one embodiment, FIG. 24 shows a system for acquiring synchronization signals from neighboring cells and performing cell reselection. The following diagram illustrates the decision tree for determining the U E is connected and camped on cell A (step 0). In step 1, Based on the above description, the UE starts to decode SIB4 and SIB5 and In step 2, the UE obtains the syncNumber for neighbor cell B. If not, the UE performs step 2b. will move forward and find alternatives.

[0172] If the answer to step 2 is "yes," the UE proceeds to step 3. Here, E is the PSS for cell B using the syncNumerology parameter and Perform SSS detection, obtain synchronization, and may perform measurements.

[0173] Next, the UE determines in step 4 whether cell B meets the criteria for cell reselection. If not, the UE returns to the symbol timing sector-ID junction. , go to step 3. If applicable, the UE shall , proceed to step 5. As a result, the UE moves from cell A to cell B (step 6).

[0174] Turning now to the NR-PBCH, in one embodiment, the NR-PBCH is SS, NR-SSS may have the same or different transmission periodicity. The interval may depend on the frequency band (or frequency range). For example, in NR-PBC The transmission period is T = 10 ms below 6 GHz and T = In DL beam sweeping blocks, the NR-PBCH is and can coexist or not with NR-SSS. An exemplary NR-PBCH, unbundled with NR-PSS and NR-SSS, is depicted. The NR-PBCH may have the same or different transmission duration as the DL beam sweep burst T. This may depend on the frequency band / range. NR-PBCH is presented as an example. and may carry the following system information, without limitation: Indicates PRACH resources · Demonstrate PRACH feedback method o UL beam sweeping methods such as, but not limited to: Beam sweep Based on best selected Tx beam Carries symbol to subframe indication / counter When the symbol to subframe indication or counter is TRP ID: The cell ID and TRP ID allow the UE to derive the beam ID. Can be assisted Supported Numerology Number of ports for demodulation reference for paging channel / DL control channel Paging signal broadcast burst period and resources Multiple beam association or single beam association indication o 1-bit indication to indicate DL beam sweep block for single or multiple beams Associated

[0175] In some embodiments, the NR-PBCH is demodulated using NR-SSS and / or NR-PBCH demodulation. The demodulation reference signal can be demodulated via a dedicated beam reference signal for NR-PBCH. If available for demodulation, it also serves as a Beam Training Reference (BTRS) The demodulation reference signal for the NR-PBCH may be SFBC or up to Z=2. m Po The port can be designed to support other transmission versatility. For example, the Z port can be set as 1, 2, 4, or 8. The UE may, for example, If the number of supported ports for the UE is unknown, some assumptions can be made to It may be necessary to manually decode the signal and compare it with some demodulation reference signal. If the number of ports to support is specified, the UE may perform blind detection to support transmit diversity. This avoids the need for a dedicated detection implementation and reduces detection complexity. The ports defined for this purpose may be different frequency bands, numerology, or e.g., URLLC, MT It can be configured based on different applications such as EMBB, C, or EMBB. In some cases, the demodulation criteria for NR-PBCH defaults to quasi-coexistence (QCL). For example, when a beam sweep block has multiple CP-OFDM symbols, , the demodulation reference signal for the NR-PBCH may be the same or different as the NR-PBCH. Figures 26A-B show the demodulation signal configuration for NR-PBCH. An example for the case where NR-SSS is used for NR-PBCH demodulation is shown. NR-SSS must be designed to support NR-PBCH transmission diversity. For example, if NR-PBCH is m If the port supports NR-SSS Or some of the NR-SSS signals are Z=2 m It can be transmitted on the port. These Z ports are defaulted as QCLs and the port locations are known to the UE. Figure 26C shows an example in which the NR-SSS supports two ports.

[0176] Now, let us turn our attention to the beam training RS (BTRS) for demodulating the NR-PBCH. ,Herein, we minimize the number of hypothesis searches in the ,process of determining the beam ID. It is recognized that it may be desirable to have a cell and The initial access identification procedure, in which the beam and the access point can be identified, is presented as an example and is not intended to be limiting. not include the following steps:

[0177] Step 1: Determine the cell ID - The cell ID minimizes the number of beam ID searches. This is because once the cell ID is determined, the black If a UE is listed in the list, it may stop searching for beams in that cell, so For example, the cell ID can be determined by PSS and SSS similar to those in LTE. However, this step is not required if the PSS and SSS are sub- Since the beams occur at different times within a frame, the frame timing Please note that it is not possible to provide

[0178] Step-2: Determine the Beam ID - The Beam ID is determined after the knowledge of the Cell ID is obtained One way to accomplish this is to frame a Beam Training Reference Signal (BTRS). The BTRS sequence is provisioned to a fixed location within the beam. The cell ID and resources used by D (or the beam reference signal resources) Once the UE has acquired the cell ID, it can determine the number of possible hypotheses for the beam. The RTBS ​​is also used to demodulate the NR-PBCH. It can be used.

[0179] An example is shown in Figures 27A-C, where the NR-PSS and NR-SSS are There are three beams transmitted in different symbols in a form of beam sweeping. Resources are allocated within the xth symbol of a subframe. may depend on the frequency band (or frequency range) or numerology. BTRS on each beam may share different resources, as can be seen in Figures 27A-C. The possibility of BTRS where multiple beams share the same resources is also considered, especially when the beams are spatially overlapping. It will be understood that the best NR-PSS / SSS is not excluded when the UE is not When the cell ID is detected, the cell ID is determined and the beam ID is derived using the cell ID. In the example, the UE has three hypotheses about the time-location of the BTRS and determines the decoding of the BTRS. Proceed to modulation / demodulation and see which maximizes SINR.

[0180] Additionally, in some cases, the BTRS signal is tied to a cell ID. The above transmissions may also be tied to both cell ID and beam ID. For example, NR-PB Used to scramble PHY channels such as CH, DCI, and PDSCH The scrambling sequence used uses both the cell ID and the beam ID. is generated.

[0181] In one embodiment, the UE selects a beam / cell based on the TXSS signal strength and For each beam i=1, ,N, are associated with beam IDs, and each beam ID is associated with multiple sequences The number of sequences associated with the beam ID can be denoted as J. The association of a beam ID and its corresponding beam sequence is predefined by the system. For example, the beam sequence can be defined as M-sequence with different shifts. The UE can obtain the beam ID and symbol, By simultaneously detecting the subframe timing, beams i=1,...,N can be distinguished. Each beam i=1,...,N has its own unique sequence. Therefore, the UE configures the J×N correlator and performs timing detection and beam ID. Since BT-RS transmissions have a known periodicity, each beacon A delay profile for i=1,...,N is used with accumulation of each beam correlation output. Example of BT-RS Beam ID and Associated Beam Sequence is shown in Figure 28. Specifically, there are N=3 beams, and each beam ID is , 2, and 3. Each beam ID is associated with a J=2 sequence. Therefore, when the UE performs timing and frequency synchronization during the initial access phase, J×N hypothesis numbers are found for the N beams. In this example, each beam ID is , J=2 sequences, each associated with a different time or It is transmitted at subframe intervals. Therefore, the These beam sequences can be used to distinguish frame timing. In Figure 28, each beam ID is associated with two sequences, and each beam sequence is repeated by five subframes. In this approach, the frame timing can be distinguished.

[0182] The UE assumes that the RX beamforming gain is equal in all directions and receives the BT-RS. The cell / sector beam to access is determined based on the received signal strength. The ID is associated with a unique sequence, so the UE can easily identify the associated beam ID. It can be decoded from the beam sequence. In fact, the beam sequence is The RS is selected based on the received signal strength. The UE performs the initial beam search procedure. UE performs a BER test to find the best beam for camping. The beam timing and beam ID detection and decoding functions are illustrated in FIG. 29.

[0183] In another embodiment, the NR-node / TRP may be configured with its BT-RS and beamformed PBCH is transmitted for each beam in the same way as the corresponding BT-FS. The BCH should be formed by the ID carried on the preceding BT-RS (Beam ID). or cell / TRP / RAN slice ID). The content may include cell or TRP or RAN slice common PBCH content. The common part of the PBCH is the beam-swept beam-specific BCH content followed by a broadband The content may include a beam ID. It may have a flat structure with locally unique beam IDs within a local area (Cell I D and does not carry TRP ID and / or RAN slice ID).

[0184] The content may also include a hierarchical structure. The hierarchical structure may be based on the Cell ID / TRP ID (if applicable). RAN slice ID (if applicable) / beam ID. Also, Figure 3 As shown in Figure 0, nested beams with more than one target area size are included. Here, the coarser the beam, the more refined the antenna weight vectors are, and the It has a relatively wider target range and a high gain narrow beam. In this case, two sizes of target If range beams are present, one is designated as a Type 1 beam and the other is designated as a Type 2 beam. A Type 1 beam may contain more than one Type 2 beam. Beam ID is a cell ID (and / or TRP ID and / or or RAN slice) + Level 1 beam ID + Level 2 beam ID.

[0185] When multiple beams are broadcast simultaneously, each beam has its own beam Type 1 beams are "essential" (or "primary" or "most important") beams. ) system information (e.g., NR equivalents of LTE MIB, SIB1, and SIB2) Type 2 beams can be used to broadcast signals on demand, while Type 3 beams can be used to broadcast signals on demand. System information that is not essential for system access, e.g., It can be used for delivering service specific system information. There are two options for planning. The first option is for the PBCH to be transmitted on demand. The second option is to have a PBCH paired with each beam transmission. It is something.

[0186] (PBCH with each beam transmission) In another embodiment, during initial access, the PBCH is always DL Tx beam swept. In this way, the UE can receive the DL BT-RS of each Tx beam in the Successfully detect a valid BT-RS (and corresponding beam) within the Once the UE receives the beamformed PBCH, it can begin decoding the corresponding beamformed PBCH. The UE must provide any beamforming feed to the NR-node before decoding the PBCH. The UE processor for this method will not perform backtracking or its Tx beam sweep / training. The sequencer is exemplarily illustrated in Figure 31. Figure 32 shows the BT-RS and and PBCH location.

[0187] In this option, the UE maintains the PB until it receives a beam acquisition ACK from the NR node. There will be no need to decode the beam ID feedback resource. In addition, multiple UEs may be exposed to the same beam ( However, if U E will generally be in different geometric locations and will not be subject to the same beam, so there will be no conflicts. In addition, NR-nodes absorb uplink propagation due to synchronization. The feedback mechanism is to obtain the proposed CAZAC sequence in the following equation: It can be used.

[0188]

number

[0189] where Q is the sequence length, and the root u of the CAZAC sequence is the beam ID. where α is the cyclic shift.

[0190] (NR-SS periodicity) According to a further aspect of the present application, the periodicity of the DL synchronization signal may be varied depending on the various supported DL synchronization modes within the cell. It is expected that the 5G application may depend on the can use different synchronization channel periodicities. In one use case, three Consider a cell that supports different 5G services, each of which is based on a different subcarrier. intervals, e.g., Δf, 2Δf, and 4Δf. Hence, the DL synchronization block per service The broadcast periodicity may vary. For example, an application with subcarrier spacing Δf The application may have a DL sync channel periodicity of q ms. Applications with subcarrier spacing 2Δf can have a q / 2ms periodicity. Alternatively, applications with subcarrier spacing of 4Δf can be implemented with a q / 4 ms period. This is shown, for example, in FIG.

[0191] In an embodiment, the DL synchronization procedure in the UE includes various DL synchronization broadcasts. Specifically, in the PSS detection stage, the UE detects performing a step of correlating the received signal with the Q possible PSS sequences; Q is the maximum number of PSS sequences that can be supported. The UE also According to the broadcast periodicity, the cross-correlation results are stored in various accumulation buffers. The UE may also select the strongest peak from the accumulation buffer. Then, the corresponding root sequence u with its corresponding

number

[0192] In a further embodiment, in the SSS detection stage, the UE compares the received signal with p possible The UE also performs a step of correlating the SSS sequences of the various SSS blocks. The process stores the cross-correlation results in various accumulation buffers according to the broadcast periodicity. The UE may then select the strongest peak and determine the corresponding

number

number

number

number

number

[0193] According to the present application, any of the systems, methods, and processes described herein All of the above may be implemented as computer executable instructions, e.g., on a computer readable storage medium. The instructions may be embodied in the form of program code stored in a computer, server, or M2M terminal devices, M2M gateway devices, transit devices, etc. When executed by the application, it performs the systems, methods, and processes described herein. It is to be understood that the method may include and / or implement the steps described above. Any of the operations or functions may be implemented in the form of such computer-executable instructions. A computer-readable storage medium is any method or technique for storing information. This includes volatile and non-volatile removable and non-removable media implemented in technology. Such computer-readable storage media do not include signals. Removable storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, Flash flash memory or other memory technologies, CD ROM, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or or other optical disk storage devices, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk storage devices or Other magnetic storage devices may be used to store desired information and may be used in conjunction with a computer. This includes any other physical medium that can be accessed by the data.

[0194] According to yet another aspect of the present application, a method for storing computer readable or executable instructions is provided. A non-transitory computer-readable or executable storage medium for storing a The medium is divided into multiple call flows according to Figures 7A / B, 14, 23-24, 29, and 31. The method may include one or more computer-executable instructions as disclosed above in the flow. The computer executable instructions are stored in memory as disclosed above in Figures 3C and 3F. , executed by a processor, and includes nodes such as base stations and end user equipment. In particular, the present invention may be employed in a device, such as a UE, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3E. (i) performing a cell search in a 5G network; and (ii) detecting the primary synchronization signal of the cell. (iii) detect the secondary synchronization signal of the cell; (iv) synchronize with the cell; and to perform an instruction to decode the physical broadcast channel of the cell using Here, the subcarrier spacing factor is determined by the detected primary synchronization signal or the detected The second synchronization signal is obtained from either the

[0195] The UE is also configured to perform configuration of an initial access signal in the 5G network. The instructions executed by the processor may include: (i) a downlink initial access signal; monitoring transmission of a downlink sweep subframe, including a beam sweep block carrying (ii) detecting a downlink initial access signal carrying a synchronization channel; and (iii) Based on the synchronization channel, the identity of the beam sweep block associated with the downlink is determined. This includes determining

[0196] In another aspect of the present application, a UE on a first cell may desire to move to another cell. Here, the UE (i) decodes the system information block of the first cell, and (ii) (iii) determining the system information block containing the synchronization numerology of the neighboring cell; and (iv) performing the steps of synchronizing with neighboring cells. It is composed of:

[0197] In another aspect, a base station, such as that shown in FIGS. 3B-3F, may be configured to: (i) be a master of a cell; (ii) transmitting information blocks to nodes, and (iii) network load, node location, and Based on the criteria selected from the network slicing configurations and their combinations The method is configured to perform instructions to assign a primary numerology to a node.

[0198] The systems and methods have been described in terms of what are now considered to be specific aspects. However, the present application should not be construed as being limited to the disclosed aspects. The scope of the present invention is intended to cover various modifications and similar sequences that may be used in the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is intended to cover all such modifications and similar sequences that may be used in the present invention. The present disclosure should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar structures. includes any and all aspects of the following claims.

Claims

1. 1. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: receiving, via a first cell, a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, and a physical broadcast channel transmission, the physical broadcast channel transmission including a master information block, the master information block including an indication of a first subcarrier spacing associated with a system information transmission of the first cell; receiving the system information transmission over the first cell in accordance with the first subcarrier spacing indicated by the master information block, the system information transmission indicating a second subcarrier spacing associated with one or more synchronization signals of a second cell; receiving one or more synchronization signals of the second cell according to the second subcarrier spacing indicated by the system information transmission received via the first cell; A method comprising:

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising synchronizing with the second cell using one or more synchronization signals of the received second cell.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more synchronization signals of the second cell include a second primary synchronization signal and a second secondary synchronization signal.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system information transmission includes a system information block, and the second subcarrier spacing associated with one or more synchronization signals of the second cell is indicated by the system information block.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the periodicity of the one or more synchronization signals of the second cell depends on the second subcarrier spacing indicated by a system information transmission of the first cell.

6. determining a cell identification (ID) of the first cell based on the primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal; determining a second ID associated with the primary synchronization signal, the secondary synchronization signal, and the physical broadcast channel transmission of the first cell; determining a scrambling sequence for a reference signal associated with the physical broadcast channel transmission based on the cell ID and the second ID; The method of claim 1 further comprising:

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the second ID corresponds to a beam ID.

8. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: receiving, via a first cell, a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, and a physical broadcast channel transmission, the physical broadcast channel transmission including a master information block, the master information block including an indication of a first subcarrier spacing associated with a system information transmission of the first cell; receiving the system information transmission over the first cell in accordance with the first subcarrier spacing indicated by the master information block, the system information transmission indicating a second subcarrier spacing associated with one or more synchronization signals of a second cell; receiving one or more synchronization signals for the second cell according to the second subcarrier spacing indicated by the system information transmission received via the first cell; A WTRU includes a transceiver.

9. The WTRU of claim 8 , further comprising: a processor for synchronizing with the second cell using one or more synchronization signals of the received second cell.

10. The WTRU of claim 8 , wherein the one or more synchronization signals of the second cell include a second primary synchronization signal and a second secondary synchronization signal.

11. The WTRU of claim 8 , wherein the system information transmission includes a system information block, and the second subcarrier spacing associated with one or more synchronization signals of the second cell is indicated by the system information block.

12. The WTRU of claim 8 , wherein a periodicity of the one or more synchronization signals of the second cell depends on the second subcarrier spacing indicated by a system information transmission of the first cell.

13. determining a cell identification (ID) of the first cell based on the primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal; determining a second ID associated with the primary synchronization signal, the secondary synchronization signal, and the physical broadcast channel transmission of the first cell; determining a scrambling sequence for a reference signal associated with the physical broadcast channel transmission based on the cell ID and the second ID; The WTRU of claim 8 , further comprising a processor.

14. The WTRU of claim 13 , wherein the second ID corresponds to a beam ID.

15. A base station, broadcasting a first signal associated with a first cell, the first signal including a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, and a physical broadcast channel transmission, the physical broadcast channel transmission including a master information block, the master information block including an indication of a first subcarrier spacing associated with system information transmissions of the first cell; broadcasting a second signal, the second signal including the system information transmission transmitted according to the first subcarrier spacing indicated by the master information block, the system information transmission indicating a second subcarrier spacing associated with one or more synchronization signals of a second cell; A base station including a transceiver.

16. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the system information transmission includes a system information block, and the second subcarrier spacing associated with one or more synchronization signals of the second cell is indicated by the system information block.

17. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the periodicity of the primary synchronization signal, the secondary synchronization signal, and the physical broadcast channel transmissions depends on the first subcarrier spacing indicated by the master information block.

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