Construction method for buildings using frame wall construction

Abstract

To provide a technique capable of suppressing deformation of a frame unit after a building is completed. [Solution] The construction method includes a wall panel manufacturing process carried out in a factory, a wall panel unit manufacturing process carried out in a factory or a construction site, and a wall panel unit assembly process carried out at the construction site. The wall panel unit manufacturing process includes a frame unit manufacturing process for manufacturing a frame unit having multiple frames, a compression process for compressing the frame unit in the vertical direction using a compression device, and an outer board attachment process for attaching outer boards to the frame unit in the compressed state to manufacture a wall panel. In the wall panel unit manufacturing process, a wall panel unit is manufactured by attaching insulation material, inner boards, waterproof sheets, and siding boards to the wall panel. In the wall panel unit assembly process, multiple wall panel units are assembled.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The technology disclosed in this specification relates to a construction method for a building using a wood-frame construction method. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a building constructed using a wood-frame construction method. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-130054 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In buildings constructed using frame wall construction, vertical loads are applied to the frame units of the wall panel units. The frame units are subject to slight deformation due to the loads applied to them over a long period of time. This deformation can cause uneven floors and loose siding boards.

[0005] This specification provides a technology that can suppress deformation of frame units after a building is completed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In a first aspect disclosed in this specification, a construction method for a building using a wood-frame construction method may include a wall panel manufacturing process performed in a factory, a wall panel unit manufacturing process performed in the factory or at a construction site, and a wall panel unit assembly process performed at the construction site. The wall panel unit manufacturing process may include a frame unit manufacturing process for manufacturing a frame unit having a plurality of frames, a compression process for compressing the frame unit in the vertical direction using a compression device, and an outer board attachment process for attaching an outer board to the frame unit in the compressed state to manufacture a wall panel. In the wall panel unit manufacturing process, a wall panel unit may be manufactured by attaching insulation material, an inner board, a waterproof sheet, and a siding board to the wall panel. In the wall panel unit assembly process, a plurality of the wall panel units may be assembled.

[0007] According to the above configuration, the outer board is attached to the frame unit while the frame unit is in a compressed state. By attaching the outer board to the frame unit, the frame unit is maintained in a compressed state. Therefore, the frame unit of the wall panel unit assembled at the construction site is in a compressed state. Therefore, deformation of the frame unit of the wall panel unit can be suppressed. Note that here, the "vertical direction" in "compressing the frame unit in the vertical direction" refers to the vertical direction when the wall panel unit is assembled.

[0008] In a second aspect, in the first aspect, the wall panel unit manufacturing process may be carried out in the factory.

[0009] According to the above-mentioned configuration, since the wall panel units are manufactured in a factory, the number of steps to be performed at the construction site can be reduced, thereby reducing the burden on the construction worker at the construction site.

[0010] In a third aspect, in the first or second aspect, in the compression process, the load applied to the frame unit may be determined so that the deformation amount per unit length of the multiple wall panel units is the same.

[0011] According to the above configuration, it is easier to manage the deformation amount of the frame unit during the compression process compared to a configuration in which the deformation amount of the frame unit of the wall panel unit used on the upper floor is different from the deformation amount of the frame unit of the wall panel unit used on the lower floor. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] Perspective view of building 2. [Figure 2] A diagram showing an outline of the construction method for constructing building 2. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the flow of the first manufacturing process. [Figure 4] A diagram (1) showing an outline of the compression process in the first manufacturing process. [Figure 5] A diagram (2) showing an outline of the compression process in the first manufacturing process. [Figure 6] A diagram (3) showing an outline of the compression process in the first manufacturing process. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first wall panel unit 10 without electrical materials or fixtures. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second wall panel unit 30 without electrical components. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the second wall panel unit 30 before fixtures are attached. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the flow of the second manufacturing process. [Figure 11] FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the flow of the assembly process carried out at a construction site. [Figure 13] This is a perspective view of the first floor reference column and wall panel unit assembled. [Figure 14] A view of the reference column and wall panel unit from the inside. [Figure 15] This is a perspective view of the second floor reference column and wall panel unit assembled. [Figure 16] A perspective view of the third floor reference column and wall panel unit assembled. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a compression device 300 according to a third modified example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] (Example) The building 2 in Figure 1 is a building constructed using the wood-frame construction method. The building 2 is a three-story apartment building. Below, the construction method of the building 2 will be explained, and details of the building 2 will be described.

[0014] 2, the construction method for the building 2 includes a unit manufacturing process carried out in a factory and an assembly process carried out at a construction site. The unit manufacturing process includes a first manufacturing process in which wall panel units are manufactured, and a second manufacturing process in which reference columns are manufactured.

[0015] (Unit manufacturing process: Figures 3 to 11) The first manufacturing process carried out in the factory will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0016] (First manufacturing process: Figure 3) The first manufacturing step will be described with reference to FIG.

[0017] First, in S2, a frame unit including multiple frames (wooden pieces) is manufactured (frame unit manufacturing process). As an example, the multiple frames include an upper frame, a lower frame, and multiple vertical frames connecting the upper frame and the lower frame.

[0018] In S4, the frame unit manufactured in S2 is compressed in the vertical direction. Hereinafter, the step in S4 will be referred to as the "compression step."

[0019] 4 to 6, the compression process for the first frame unit 110 will be described. As shown in Fig. 4, the first frame unit 110 includes an upper frame 112, a lower frame 114, and a plurality of vertical frames 116 connecting the upper frame 112 and the lower frame 114. The upper frame 112 and the lower frame 114 extend horizontally. The plurality of vertical frames 116 extend vertically.

[0020] First, the compression device 140 used in the compression process will be described. The compression device 140 includes a mounting portion 142, a regulating portion 144, a pressing portion 146, an actuator 148, a displacement sensor 150, and a control device 152. The mounting portion 142 is a flat plate-like member extending in the front-rear and left-right directions. A frame unit is mounted on the mounting portion 142. The regulating portion 144 is a member for regulating horizontal movement of the frame unit mounted on the mounting portion 142. The regulating portion 144 is configured to be movable on the mounting portion 142. The regulating portion 144 is connected to an actuator (not shown). The pressing portion 146 is a flat plate-like member extending in the front-rear and left-right directions. The pressing portion 146 is disposed above the mounting portion 142. The pressing portion 146 is connected to the actuator 148. The actuator 148 includes a motor and the like. Actuator 148 moves pressing portion 146 in the up and down direction. Displacement sensor 150 is installed on the lower surface of pressing portion 146. Displacement sensor 150 measures the distance from displacement sensor 150 to the upper surface of mounting portion 142. Hereinafter, the distance detected by displacement sensor 150 will be referred to as the "detection distance."

[0021] The control device 152 is a computer configured with a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc. The control device 152 is configured to be able to communicate with the regulating unit 144, the actuator 148, and the displacement sensor 150. The control device 152 controls the operation of the actuator 148 based on a signal received from the displacement sensor 150. The control device 152 controls the operation of the actuator so that the deformation amount of the frame unit becomes a predetermined value. The predetermined value is a value determined in advance by simulation. In this embodiment, the predetermined value is set to the amount of deformation over time of the frame unit used on the lowest floor. As an example, the deformation amount is the amount of deformation three years after the building is completed.

[0022] Next, a procedure for compressing the first frame unit 110 using the compression device 140 will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 4, a worker in a factory places the first frame unit 110 on the placement section 142. Next, the worker performs a start operation on the operation section (not shown) of the compression device 140. This causes the control device 152 to move the restriction section 144 and bring the restriction section 144 into contact with the lower frame 114 of the first frame unit 110.

[0023] 5, the control device 152 drives the actuator 148 to move the pressing portion 146 downward until the pressing portion 146 abuts against the upper frame 112 of the first frame unit 110. The control device 152 stores the detected distance when the pressing portion 146 abuts against the upper frame 112 as the start distance SD1.

[0024] Next, as shown in FIG. 6 , the control device 152 drives the actuator 148 to apply a load to the first frame unit 110 so that the detection distance becomes a stopping distance SD2, which is the start distance SD1 minus a predetermined value. When the detection distance becomes the stopping distance SD2, the control device 152 stops driving the actuator 148. The control device 152 maintains the position of the pressing portion 146 at a position where the detection distance becomes the stopping distance SD2. That is, the first frame unit 110 is maintained in a state where it is compressed in the vertical direction. Next, the control device 152 notifies the operator that the compression of the first frame unit 110 is complete. The notification may be made by a sound such as a buzzer, or by the display unit of the compression device 140. This notifies the operator that the compression of the first frame unit 110 is complete, and the operator can then perform the steps from S10 onward in FIG. 3 .

[0025] In S10, outer boards are attached to the frame unit in a compressed state. This produces a wall panel. In one example, the outer boards are made of plywood. The outer boards are attached to the upper and lower frames of the frame unit using bolts or the like. Therefore, even if the load applied to the frame unit is released, the outer boards maintain the frame unit in a compressed state. For this reason, the steps from S12 onwards may be performed with the wall panel placed on the compression device 140, or may be performed without the wall panel being placed on the compression device 140.

[0026] In S12, an anti-termite treatment is carried out by spraying or applying an agent to the wall panel produced in S10.

[0027] In S14, electrical materials (such as a power outlet box and CD pipe) are attached to the wall panel. In the case of a wall panel unit that does not have electrical materials, step S14 is omitted.

[0028] At S16, insulation is installed inside the outer boards of the wall panel.

[0029] At S18, a waterproof sheet is attached to the outer surface of the outer board of the wall panel.

[0030] In step S20, an inner board is attached to the inner surface of the wall panel frames. In one example, the inner board is gypsum board.

[0031] In S22, siding boards are attached to the wall panels. Specifically, the siding boards are attached to the outside of the waterproof sheet. Note that furring strips are placed between the waterproof sheet and the siding boards. This leaves a gap between the waterproof sheet and the siding boards.

[0032] In S24, fixtures (doors, windows, etc.) are attached to the wall panel. Note that if a wall panel unit without fixtures is produced, the step of S24 is omitted.

[0033] One wall panel unit is produced by the above steps S10 to S24.

[0034] (Wall panel unit; Figures 7 to 9) An example of a wall panel unit manufactured by the first manufacturing process will be described with reference to Figures 7 to 9. Note that the directions in the following figures are added for ease of understanding and do not represent actual directions. Also, the right side of Figures 7 to 9 shows the inside of the building, and the left side shows the outside of the building.

[0035] A first wall panel unit 10 that does not have electrical materials or fixtures will be described with reference to Fig. 7. The manufacturing process of the first wall panel unit 10 does not include steps S14 and S24 in Fig. 3.

[0036] As shown in Figure 7, the first wall panel unit 10 includes a wall panel 12, a waterproof sheet 14, an inner board 16, and a siding board 18. The wall panel 12 includes a second frame unit 20 and an outer board 22. The second frame unit 20 includes an upper frame 24, a lower frame 26 positioned below the upper frame 24, and a plurality of vertical frames 28 connecting the upper frame 24 and the lower frame 26. The outer board 22 is fixed to the outer surfaces of the upper frame 24, the lower frame 26, and the plurality of vertical frames 28.

[0037] The inner board 16 is fixed to the inner surfaces of the upper frame 24 and the multiple vertical frames 28. The lower end of the inner board 16 is located higher than the lower end of the outer board 22. The front ends of the inner board 16 and the outer board 22 are located forward of the front ends of the upper frame 24 and the lower frame 26. The rear ends of the inner board 16 and the outer board 22 are located rearward of the rear ends of the upper frame 24 and the lower frame 26.

[0038] 8 and 9, a second wall panel unit 30 that does not have electrical materials but has a fixture 40 will be described. The manufacturing process of the second wall panel unit 30 does not include the step S14 in FIG.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 8, the second wall panel unit 30 includes a wall panel 32, a waterproof sheet 34, an inner board 36, a siding board 38, and a door and window frame 40 (see FIG. 6). The wall panel 32 includes a frame unit 42 and an outer board 44. The frame unit 42 includes an upper frame 50, a lower frame 52 positioned below the upper frame 50, a plurality of first vertical frames 54 connecting the upper frame 50 and the lower frame 52, a lintel (not shown), and a plurality of second vertical frames (not shown) connecting the upper frame 50 and the lintel. The plurality of first vertical frames 54 and the plurality of second vertical frames extend in the vertical direction. The outer board 44 is fixed to the outer surfaces of the upper frame 50, the lower frame 52, the plurality of first vertical frames 54, the lintel, and the plurality of second vertical frames. The inner board 36 is fixed to the inner surfaces of the upper frame 50, the lower frame 52, the plurality of first vertical frames 54, the lintel, and the plurality of second vertical frames. Openings 44A and 36A are formed in the outer board 44 and the inner board 36, respectively. The fittings 40 shown in FIG. 6 are placed in the openings 44A and 36A. The rear ends of the outer board 44 and the inner board 36 are located further rearward than the rear ends of the upper frame 50 and the lower frame 52.

[0040] As described above, wall panel units of various shapes are manufactured by the first manufacturing process shown in FIG.

[0041] (Second manufacturing process: Figure 10) The second manufacturing process for manufacturing a reference post (wooden piece) will be described with reference to Fig. 10. The reference post is a post for positioning the wall panel unit at the construction site.

[0042] In step S30, a central pillar of a predetermined length is manufactured. In this embodiment, the central pillar is a rectangular pillar with a square cross section.

[0043] In S32, one or more side columns are attached to the side of the central column. The side columns are quadrangular columns with a rectangular cross-sectional area. The cross-sectional area of ​​the side columns is approximately half that of the central column.

[0044] In S34, marking is performed on the central column to determine the vertical position of the wall panel unit.

[0045] One reference column is produced by steps S30 to S34 above.

[0046] (Reference column 60; Figure 11) An example of a reference post manufactured by the second manufacturing process of FIG. 10 will be described with reference to FIG.

[0047] The reference column 60 comprises a central column 62 and two side columns 64, 66. A mark 62A is marked on the central column 62. As an example, when the reference column 60 is fixed to the foundation, the mark 62A indicates the position of the upper end of the wall panel unit for the first floor.

[0048] The side pillar 64 is attached to the right side of the central pillar 62, and the side pillar 66 is attached to the left side of the central pillar 62. The upper ends of the side pillars 64 and 66 are located lower than the upper end of the central pillar 62. The lower ends of the side pillars 64 and 66 are located lower than the lower end of the central pillar 62.

[0049] The positions and number of side columns attached to the central column will vary depending on the positions and number of wall panel units assembled to the base column. For example, wall panel units are placed on the right and left sides of base column 60. Therefore, side columns 64 and 66 are attached to the right and left sides of central column 62.

[0050] Each component manufactured in the unit manufacturing process is transported to the construction site by truck or the like. For example, wall panel units are transported to the construction site packed in racks. In other words, the panel frames of the wall panel units are transported from the factory to the construction site in a compressed state.

[0051] (Assembly process: Figure 1, Figures 12 to 16) The assembly process carried out at the construction site will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 12 to 6. The assembly process is carried out after the foundation 200 (see Figure 14) has been constructed. In Figures 13, 15, and 16, for ease of viewing, only some of the reference columns and some of the wall panel units are labeled. Also, in Figure 14, the waterproof sheet and siding boards are omitted. As described above, the panel frames of the wall panel units are transported from the factory to the construction site in a compressed state, and therefore the panel frames of the wall panel units used at the construction site are also in a compressed state.

[0052] In S100, a plurality of reference columns for the first floor are fixed onto a foundation 200. As shown in Fig. 13, some of the plurality of reference columns for the first floor (e.g., 202, 206) are installed at the corners of the building. Also, some of the plurality of reference columns for the first floor (e.g., 204) are disposed between two reference columns for the first floor.

[0053] 14, as an example, a reference column 202 is fixed to a foundation 200 via a support portion 201. The support portion 201 is fixed onto the foundation 200. In a modified example, the reference column 202 may be fixed directly to the foundation 200.

[0054] In S102 of Fig. 12, a plurality of wall panel units for the first floor are positioned and temporarily fixed to the foundation 200. Specifically, the horizontal positioning of the wall panel units is performed using a plurality of reference columns for the first floor, and the vertical positioning of the wall panel units is performed using the marks on the reference columns. As a result, a plurality of wall panel units are placed on the foundation 200, as shown in Fig. 13. As an example, a wall panel unit 208 is placed between reference columns 202 and 204, as shown in Fig. 14.

[0055] Next, in S110 of FIG. 12, a plurality of floor panel units 260 (see FIG. 15) for the second floor are assembled above the plurality of wall panel units and the like.

[0056] In S112, reference columns (e.g., 262, 264, 266) are connected to each of a plurality of reference columns fixed to the foundation 200. A mark indicating the position of the upper end of the wall panel unit (e.g., 268) for the second floor is marked on the newly connected reference columns.

[0057] In S114, the multiple wall panel units for the second floor are positioned and assembled (temporarily fastened) to the floor panel unit for the second floor. As a result, for example, the wall panel unit 268 for the second floor is placed above the wall panel unit 208 for the first floor. Then, as shown in Fig. 15, the members for the second floor other than the multiple wall panel units are also assembled (temporarily fastened) to the floor panel unit 260.

[0058] In S120 of FIG. 12, a plurality of floor panel units 290 (see FIG. 16) for the third floor are assembled above a plurality of wall panel units for the second floor, etc.

[0059] In S122, reference columns (e.g., 292, 294, 296) are connected to each of the multiple reference columns connected in S112. A mark indicating the position of the top end of the wall panel unit (e.g., 298) for the third floor is marked on the newly connected reference columns.

[0060] In S126, a plurality of wall panel units for the third floor are positioned, and the wall panel units are assembled (temporarily fastened) to the floor panel unit 290 for the third floor. After that, as shown in FIG. 16, members for the third floor other than the plurality of wall panel units are also assembled to the floor panel unit 260.

[0061] In S130, the gable wall units, shed units, and roof panels are assembled. Specifically, multiple gable wall units are assembled above multiple third-floor wall panel units. Additionally, shed units are assembled below the multiple gable wall units. Furthermore, roof panels are assembled on the top surface of the shed units.

[0062] After that, after the installation of the piping and other components is completed, multiple floor finishing panels are placed on the first floor. In this way, the building 2 in Figure 1 is completed.

[0063] (Effects of this embodiment) As described above, the construction method for buildings using wood frame construction includes a wall panel manufacturing process (S2, S4, and S10 in FIG. 3) performed in a factory, a wall panel unit manufacturing process (S12-S22 in FIG. 3) performed in a factory, and an assembly process (FIG. 12) performed at a construction site. The wall panel unit manufacturing process includes a frame unit manufacturing process (S2) for manufacturing a frame unit having multiple frames, a compression process (S4) for compressing the frame unit in the vertical direction using a compression device 140, and an outer board attachment process (S10) for attaching outer boards to the frame unit in a compressed state to manufacture a wall panel. In the wall panel unit manufacturing process, a wall panel unit is manufactured by attaching insulation material, inner boards, waterproof sheets, and siding boards to the wall panel (S16-S22). In the assembly process, multiple wall panel units are assembled.

[0064] According to the above configuration, the outer board is attached to the frame unit while the frame unit is in a compressed state. By attaching the outer board to the frame unit, the frame unit is maintained in a compressed state. Therefore, the frame unit of the wall panel unit assembled at the construction site is in a compressed state. Therefore, deformation of the frame unit of the wall panel unit can be suppressed.

[0065] Furthermore, with the above-described configuration, since the wall panel units are manufactured in a factory, the number of processes to be performed at the construction site can be reduced, thereby reducing the burden on the contractor at the construction site.

[0066] In addition, in the compression process, the load applied to the frame unit is determined so that the deformation amounts per unit length of the plurality of wall panel units are the same.

[0067] According to the above configuration, it is easier to manage the deformation amount of the frame unit during the compression process compared to a configuration in which the deformation amount of the frame unit of the wall panel unit used on an upper floor (e.g., the "third floor") is different from the deformation amount of the frame unit of the wall panel unit used on a lower floor (e.g., the "first floor").

[0068] Although specific examples of the technology disclosed in this specification have been described in detail above, these are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the claims. The technology described in the claims includes various modifications and variations of the specific examples exemplified above. Modifications of the above examples are listed below.

[0069] (First Modification) The steps from S12 onwards may be carried out at the construction site.

[0070] (Second Modification) The deformation amount (compression amount) of multiple frame units may be different for each floor on which the frame units are installed. For example, the deformation amount of a frame unit installed on a lower floor may be larger than the deformation amount of a frame unit installed on a higher floor.

[0071] (Third Modification) In S4 of FIG. 3, the first frame unit 110 may be compressed in the horizontal direction using the compression device 300 of FIG.

[0072] (Fourth Modification) In the compression step of S4 in FIG. 3, the control device 152 may specify the deformation amount of the frame unit by measuring the length of the frame unit in the up-down direction.

[0073] The technical elements described in this specification or drawings exhibit technical utility either alone or in various combinations, and are not limited to the combinations described in the claims at the time of filing. Furthermore, the technologies illustrated in this specification or drawings can achieve multiple objectives simultaneously, and achieving one of those objectives is itself technically useful. [Explanation of symbols]

[0074] 2: Building, 10: First wall panel unit, 12: Wall panel, 14: Waterproof sheet, 16: Inner board, 18: Siding board, 20: Second frame unit, 22: Outer board, 24: Upper frame, 26: Lower frame, 28: Vertical frame, 30: Second wall panel unit, 32: Wall panel, 34: Waterproof sheet, 36: Inner board, 36A: Opening, 38: Siding board, 40: Fitting, 42: Frame unit, 44: Outer board, 44A: Opening, 50: Upper frame, 52: Lower frame, 54: First vertical frame, 6 0: Reference column, 62: Central column, 62A: Mark, 64: Side column, 66: Side column, 110: First frame unit, 112: Upper frame, 114: Lower frame, 116: Vertical frame, 140: Compression device, 142: Placement part, 144: Restriction part, 146: Pressing part, 148: Actuator, 150: Displacement sensor, 152: Control device, 200: Foundation, 201: Support part, 202: Reference column, 204: Reference column, 208: Wall panel unit, 260: Floor panel unit, 268: Wall panel unit, 290: Floor panel unit, 300: Compression device

Claims

1. A construction method for a building using a frame wall construction method, the wall panel manufacturing process carried out in a factory; a wall panel unit fabrication process carried out at the factory or building site; a wall panel unit assembling process carried out at the construction site, The wall panel unit manufacturing process includes: a frame unit manufacturing process for manufacturing a frame unit having a plurality of frames; a compression step of compressing the frame unit in a vertical direction using a compression device; an outer board attachment step of attaching outer boards to the frame units in a compressed state to form wall panels; In the wall panel unit manufacturing step, a heat insulating material, an inner board, a waterproof sheet, and a siding board are attached to the wall panel to manufacture a wall panel unit; In the wall panel unit assembling step, a plurality of the wall panel units are assembled. Construction method.

2. The building method of claim 1 , wherein the wall panel unit fabrication process is performed at the factory.

3. 2. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the compressing step, a load applied to the frame unit is determined so that the wall panel units have the same amount of deformation per unit length.

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