Systems and methods for assembling and installing offshore wind turbines

Abstract

Systems and methods are provided for assembling and installing multiple wind turbines from a single vessel. In general, different embodiments use wind turbine components on the vessel including blades, a nacelle assembly with a rotating hub, and a tower. A Turbine Installation Gantry System (TIGS) embodiment uses a gantry system with a truss substructure and at least one bridge crane on an elevated vessel for assembling the wind turbine blades on the vessel to a nacelle hub supported on the seabed. A Skidding Turbine Installation Crane (STIC) embodiment has a rotatable crane mounted on a skidding pedestal or cantilever structure, providing full access to the vessel deck and blades, and for bringing the assembled nacelle assembly outboard to assemble each blade. A Turbine Assembly Positioning System (TAPS) embodiment includes both a handling system and a crane mounted on a skidding cantilever structure for securing the blades to the assembled tower section and nacelle hub that are cantilevered outboard of the vessel by the handling system. The combination embodiment uses selected components and systems from the TIGS, STIC and TAPS embodiments to provide component and system redundancy and concurrent operation.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 115,352, filed November 18, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. [Background technology]

[0002] This invention generally relates to the assembly and installation of offshore wind turbines from vessels. Offshore wind turbines typically include a column / tower, a nacelle with a hub, and multiple blade components. The industry currently uses large lattice boom cranes to assemble and install wind turbines from vessels. These large lattice boom cranes are very expensive, heavy, require a large footprint, and have a history of failure. These lattice boom cranes require support from large, heavy, and expensive vessels. Some examples of large lattice boom cranes are available from Seatrax, Houston, Texas; EBI, Braithwaite, Louisiana; MEPPellegrini Marine Equipments, Verona, Italy; NOV, Schiedam, The Netherlands; Liebherr, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Huisman, Schiedam, The Netherlands; and Tetrahedron, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. While large leg-encirclement lattice boom cranes are not excluded from the present invention, as will be explained in more detail below, the present invention focuses on other means for assembling and installing one or more bottom-supported offshore wind turbines and turbine components from a vessel.

[0003] An example of a system and method for assembly and installation is as follows.

[0004] U.S. Patent No. 8,316,614 B2 proposes a method for installing a wind turbine on a foundation, with at least a portion of the wind turbine rotor attached to the wind turbine tower. The method further proposes the steps of positioning the wind turbine tower, including the attached wind turbine rotor, on the foundation, raising the wind turbine nacelle to an operating position on the tower, and connecting the nacelle directly or indirectly to the attached wind turbine rotor. The '614 patent also proposes transportation of the wind turbine tower and a vessel for transporting the wind turbine tower.

[0005] U.S. Patent No. 8,640,340 B2 proposes an installation vessel and installation method for offshore wind turbine installation. In one embodiment, a cantilever mast is proposed to transfer wind turbine components from the installation vessel to the offshore installation site and guide the transfer to mitigate undesirable swaying of the wind turbine components. In another embodiment, a main crane is proposed to cooperate with a guide arm to transfer and guide the wind turbine components from the installation vessel to the offshore installation site.

[0006] U.S. Patent No. 9,061,738 B2 proposes a traveling crane arrangement on a floating vessel having a deck and a pair of substantially parallel tracks. The crane arrangement is proposed to have a pair of uprights configured to move along the respective tracks. The traveling crane arrangement is further proposed to have a transverse cantilever extending between the uprights across the vessel's deck and spaced apart from and associated with the uprights. The traveling crane arrangement is further proposed to have a trolley configured to move along a transverse beam. The trolley is proposed to carry at least a portion of a lifting mechanism configured to lift a load above the vessel's deck. The traveling crane arrangement further proposes a support selectively positionable in a brace position extending between the vessel deck and the trolley. In the brace position, the support is proposed to at least partially compressively support the transverse cantilever during use of the lifting mechanism to lift or otherwise support the weight of a load.

[0007] US Patent No. 9,889,908 B2 proposes a skid system for an offshore installation or vessel, such as an offshore wind turbine installation vessel, comprising at least one set of rails and one or more carriages for supporting a load and moving the load along the rails, for example between a storage position and an operating position. At least one of the carriages is proposed to be adaptable to different loads.

[0008] International Patent Publication No. WO 2010 / 026555 A2 proposes a vessel capable of storing, transporting, and installing one to ten wind turbines. The vessel is proposed to have a hull with a periphery. The vessel further proposes at least two aft jack-up legs and at least one forward jack-up leg movably mounted on the hull. A jack mechanism is proposed connected to each of the jack-up legs for raising and lowering each jack-up leg relative to the hull between a raised position and a lowered position. The vessel also proposes at least two aft azimuth thrusters mounted on the underside of the transom, along with at least one forward azimuth thruster mounted on the underside of the bow. The vessel further proposes at least four, and preferably at least six, wind turbine column foundations and at least two wind turbine blade brackets individually mounted on the sides of the transport vessel.

[0009] WO 2019 / 103611 A2 proposes a method for installing pylon sections of offshore wind turbines using a jack-up vessel. The vessel proposes a pylon section installation truck and an associated track cart that allows the leg ends of the pylon sections to be guided onto the vessel's deck before or during lifting. This guide system proposes that the pylon sections can be moved without or with a reduced number of cranes. Therefore, the process is proposed to be carried out in less time and / or with fewer cranes or smaller cranes, potentially reducing costs.

[0010] U.S. Patent Nos. 8,316,614 B2, 8,640,340 B2, 9,061,738 B2, and 9,889,908 B2, as well as International Patent Publication Nos. WO2010 / 026555 A2 and WO2019 / 103611 A2, are incorporated herein for all purposes.

[0011] Generally, a wind turbine installation (WTI) assembly consists of a tower, a nacelle with a hub, and multiple blades. The tower is usually divided into one or more sections. The nacelle houses the electrical and mechanical equipment required for the operation of the WTI. The hub is a rotating mechanism to which multiple blades are attached. Generally, a nacelle assembly is the combination of a nacelle with a hub. Summary of the Invention

[0012]

[0006] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide improved systems and methods for assembling and installing wind turbines from vessels. The disclosed embodiments result in safer, more economical, and more streamlined systems and methods. While embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to self-elevating vessels or jack-up rigs, such vessels can advantageously be elevated to different heights, which improves the efficiency of assembling one or more tower sections, a nacelle assembly on the upper tower section, and multiple blades to the hub of the nacelle assembly. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0013] So that the above-mentioned features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention briefly summarized above can be had by reference to disclosed embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted, however, that the accompanying drawings herein illustrate only typical embodiments of these inventions and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof, since the invention may be used in other equally effective embodiments.

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of the turbine installation gantry system (TIGS) of the present invention configured with the seabed and a self-leveling jack-up vessel raised above the water surface, with two of the jack-up vessel legs shown broken away, and further showing a bridge crane hoist movable along the gantry structure parallel to the centerline of the vessel. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the embodiment of the Turbine Installation Gantry System (TIGS) of FIG. 1 to better illustrate the bridge crane hoist as a rolling load movable on rails on the gantry structure along the centerline of the vessel configured with wind turbine tower sections, nacelle assemblies, and blades for assembling four wind turbines. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B is a partial view similar to FIG. 2A to illustrate that after the three tower sections have been removed from the vessel for assembly, the nacelle assembly on the skid cart is skidded or moved from its overboard position from the vessel centerline to the vessel lifting position centerline to be lifted by the bridge crane hoist, and the bridge crane is shown in solid lines as in FIG. 2A and is moved to a position above the nacelle in dashed lines to lift the nacelle. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a partial side elevation view similar to FIG. 1 , but with the vessel deck further elevated off the seabed and the bridge crane hoist (shown in solid lines) lifting the second tower section to move it into an assembled position (shown in dashed lines) aligned with the assembled first or lower tower section. [Figure 4A] 4 is a partial side elevation view similar to FIG. 3 , but with the vessel deck elevated above the seabed further than the elevation of FIG. 3 after the third tower section and nacelle assembly have been assembled, and with a bridge crane hoist for lifting the third blade with the blade gripper after the first and second blades have been assembled with the nacelle hub. [Figure 4B]4B is a partial side elevation view similar to FIG. 4A, but with the vessel deck lowered from the elevation of FIG. 4A to align the third blade with the nacelle hub for assembly from the vessel. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of a Skidding Turbine Installation Crane (STIC) of the present invention illustrating the vessel deck raised from the seabed, further illustrating the rotatable crane with main and secondary booms on a skid structure, the tower and nacelle gripper for hoisting the main boom aligning the third tower section with the second and lower tower sections, and the rack for holding the blades shown exploded for clarity. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5 showing the wind turbine tower section and nacelle assembly in a stowed position on the vessel deck, along with the wind turbine blades on the vessel's outboard rack; FIG. 6 further shows a rotatable boom crane on a skid structure moving along parallel rails; and FIG. 6 further shows the main boom and auxiliary booms positioned in FIG. 5 in solid lines, the main boom and auxiliary boom also shown in dashed lines to illustrate how the extendable auxiliary boom blade gripper lifts one of the blades from the outboard rack. [Figure 7] FIG. 6 is a partial side elevation view similar to FIG. 5 showing a main boom with a gripper for aligning the nacelle assembly with the upper tower section. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a partial side elevation view similar to FIG. 7 showing an extendable secondary boom with a blade gripper similar to the blade gripper of FIG. 6 suspended from a hoist for aligning the blade with the nacelle hub. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of a turbine assembly and positioning system (TAPS) showing the stowed position of the wind turbine tower section and nacelle assembly relative to the vessel centerline and blades on the outboard racks, further illustrating better the engagement of the handling system slots with the radially outward extending pins corresponding to the tower section. [Figure 10]FIG. 11 is a partial elevation view of the TAPS embodiment of FIG. 9, in which the nacelle assembly is assembled with the tower section on the ship deck or before being loaded onto the ship and aligned with the tower section using the handling system illustrated in FIGS. 9, 11 and 12, and further, a crane is shown on the cantilever structure for lifting the wind turbine blade with the blade gripper. [Figure 11] 11 is an elevational view of the aft, transom or stern of a vessel of a TAPS embodiment, showing a crane aligning a third blade with the nacelle hub while a handling system suspends the assembled nacelle assembly and tower section outboard of the vessel deck, and FIG. 11 further illustrates both the assembled nacelle assembly and tower section additionally stored, and the assembled tower section, to better show a portion of the blade outboard of the vessel deck in a portion of the rack. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a TAPS embodiment of the present invention, the handling system of which is cantilevered outboard of a vessel deck or transom and suspended by the cantilevered cantilever structure for aligning the assembled nacelle assembly and tower section, while a crane on the cantilevered cantilever structure is shown in its stowed position. [Figure 13] 1A-1C are side elevation views of an embodiment of a combination of the above TIGS, STIC and TAPS embodiments on a vessel deck, illustrating a gantry structure on the vessel deck similar to FIGS. 1-4B, a rotatable crane with main and auxiliary booms on a skid structure (with the jack-up legs shown cut away for clarity) similar to FIGS. 5-8, and a handling system in combination with a cantilever structure (with the jack-up legs again cut away for clarity) similar to FIGS. 9-12, further illustrating three tower sections for further assembly with the subsea support tower section shown. [Figure 14]FIG. 14 is a plan view of the combined embodiment of FIG. 13 showing the three assembled tower sections, the nacelle assembly outboard of the vessel centerline, and the stowed position of the blades on the outboard racks, and also a plan view of four assembled three tower sections movable on a skid cart, with one assembled tower shown moved from a position outboard of the vessel centerline to a lifted position (shown in dashed lines) along the vessel centerline for lifting by a handling system. [Figure 15] 15 is a side elevation view similar to FIGS. 13 and 14 showing the handling system moving the assembled tower from a lifting position (handling system and tower sections shown in dashed lines) as shown in dashed lines in FIG. 14 along rails on the vessel deck to an assembly position where the assembled tower is aligned with the seabed supported tower sections by the handling system (handling system and tower sections shown in solid lines) as appropriate to raise and lower it. [Figure 16] 16 is a side elevation view similar to FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 illustrating the vessel further raised from the seabed and further illustrating a bridge crane hoist movable on the gantry structure for moving the nacelle assembly from its stowed / lifted position (shown in dashed lines) to its assembly position on the assembly tower (shown in solid lines). [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a partial side elevation view of the combined embodiment of FIGS. 15 and 16 after the nacelle assembly has been assembled with the installed tower section, with the bridge crane movable on rails shown in dashed lines and moved to a position (solid lines) above the wind turbine blade for lifting the wind turbine blade with the blade gripper, similar to FIGS. 4A and 4B . [Figure 18] 18 is a partial side elevation view similar to FIG. 17, showing the hoist lowering the blade gripper to grasp and then lift the wind turbine blade, similar to FIG. 4A. [Figure 19] 19 is a partial side elevation view similar to FIGS. 17 and 18, showing the blade gripper lifting and aligning the wind turbine blade with the nacelle hub, similar to FIG. 4B. [Figure 20]FIG. 20 is a partial side elevation view similar to FIGS. 17 to 19, showing the bridge crane moving toward the nacelle hub to secure the blades to the nacelle hub. [Figure 21] FIG. 17 is a partial side elevation view of the combined embodiment of FIGS. 15 and 16, showing a crane with a boom on a skid structure for lifting wind turbine blades with blade grippers, similar to FIG. 10, after assembly with the tower section with the nacelle assembly installed. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a partial side elevation view similar to FIG. 21 illustrating a hoist lifting a blade gripper to lift a wind turbine blade. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a partial side elevation view similar to FIGS. 21 and 22, showing the crane rotated approximately 90° and the skid structure moved to the transom end of the vessel so that the blade gripper can position the wind turbine blade relative to the nacelle hub. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is a parallel side elevation view similar to FIG. 23 showing the blade gripper rotating the blade, shown in solid lines, 90 degrees from the blade, shown in dashed lines, and lowering it to align it for securing to the wind turbine blade to the nacelle hub. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Turbine Installation Gantry System (TIGS) embodiment Detailed Description The turbine installation gantry system (TIGS) embodiment shown in Figures 1-4B provides a safe and streamlined method for installing bottom-supported offshore wind turbines. As best seen in Figures 1 and 2, the gantry system, generally designated 10, consists of a large truss substructure supporting one or more bridge cranes 12 mounted on a vessel, generally designated V. The substructure extends substantially the entire length of the vessel V, is cantilevered onto the transom TS, and serves as a runway for the bridge cranes 12. The gantry apparatus 10 has sufficient capacity and structural stability to lift, rotate, move, assemble, and install large offshore wind turbines. As used herein, "assembling" refers to the act or process of combining components, and "installing" refers to the act or process of placing or securing equipment in a position ready for use. The wind turbine tower T (or sections) is releasably stored or stowed on an appropriate secure hold-down device along the longitudinal centerline C of the vessel V. The nacelle assembly N is releasably stored on a skid cart SC. Blades B are releasably stowed longitudinally. The wind turbine can be fully assembled on board the vessel or assembled with a seabed-supported turbine foundation. This system and method provides a more cost-effective, faster, and safer alternative to lattice boom cranes encircling large legs. Turbine components can be loaded onto vessel V via onshore facilities and methods, or vessel V can load all wind turbine components under its own power.

[0016] Although not fully illustrated in the drawings, it should be understood that all vessels disclosed herein preferably utilize a dynamic positioning (DP) system. Dynamic positioning (DP) is a computer-controlled system for automatically acquiring and maintaining the vessel's position and orientation by using the vessel's own propellers and thrusters. Position reference sensors, combined with wind sensors, motion sensors, and a gyrocompass, provide the dynamic positioning system's computer with information regarding the vessel's position and the magnitude and direction of environmental forces affecting that position.

[0017] Other Positioning Systems Longitudinal Positioning—The bridge crane 12 of the gantry system 10 can move along the undercarriage guided by longitudinal rails R, as best shown in Figures 2A and 2B. The bridge crane can be propelled by a conventional electric motor.

[0018] Lateral Positioning—As best shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, to move the gantry system 10 laterally across the bridge, a hoist H is mounted on the lateral bridge rails BR and is propelled by a conventional electric motor.

[0019] Vertical positioning – In addition to the self-lifting jack-up vessel, a large industrial hoist H performs vertical positioning.

[0020] Skidding of Nacelle Assembly - The nacelle assembly N can be moved to the hull centerline C by conventional means using a skid cart SC.

[0021] Assembly method 1 and 3, the vessel V is positioned in position adjacent the subsea supported tower section BSTS, preferably using a dynamic positioning system, for assembling the lower tower section LT. As best shown in Figures 1-4, the bridge crane 12 is positioned at a desired height relative to the subsea supported tower section BSTS above the seabed SB, using the vessel's self-elevating system, generally designated ES.

[0022] 1, 2A and 3, the lower tower section LT is assembled by using a hoist H located on the bridge crane 12 to lift the lower tower section LT along the vessel centerline C and moving the lower tower section LT to its assembly position with grippers G1 of the bridge crane 12 on the gantry substructure 10. The lower tower section LT is lowered by the hoist H and the lower tower section LT is fastened to the seabed supported tower section BSTS using conventional fastening means.

[0023] The vessel's self-lifting system ES is used to raise the vessel from a low tower height, as shown in Figure 1, to a high height, as shown in Figure 3, and to position the bridge crane 12 at a desired height relative to the lower tower section LT. The bridge crane 12 is positioned above the second tower section T2 along the vessel centerline C, as best shown by the solid lines in Figures 2A and 3. The hoist H then raises and positions the second tower section T2.

[0024] As best shown by the dashed lines in Figure 3, the bridge crane 12 moves the second tower section T2 to the end of the cantilever on the gantry substructure 10 to an assembly position. The second tower section T2 is then lowered by the hoist H and assembled with the lower tower section LT. The second tower section T2 is secured to the lower tower section LT using conventional fastening means.

[0025] 4A, again using the vessel's self-lifting system ES, the gantry undercarriage 10 and bridge crane 12 are raised and lowered to the desired height relative to the second tower section T2. ​​Simultaneously, the bridge crane 12 is positioned above the third tower section T3 along the vessel centerline C to assemble and secure the third tower section T3 above and with the second tower section T2.

[0026] 2A and 2B, the nacelle assembly N on the skid cart SC is moved from a position stored outboard, as shown by solid lines, to an inboard position below the rails of the undercarriage 10 and substantially between the rails R, as shown by dashed lines. In other words, the skid cart SC with the nacelle assembly N thereon is preferably skidded or moved to the centerline C of the ship V. The bridge crane 12 is then moved above the nacelle assembly N and lifts the nacelle assembly N with the hoist H gripper G1.

[0027] The bridge crane 12, after using the hoist H to lift the nacelle assembly N above the substructure 10, moves it to the cantilever end of the substructure 10 and then moves it to its installation position (similar to the position of the bridge crane 12 in FIG. 1, shown by the dashed line in FIG. 3). Depending on the orientation of the nacelle hub NH on the nacelle assembly N, the nacelle assembly N can be rotated so that the nacelle hub NH is in the desired orientation, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 4A and 4B. The nacelle assembly N is then lowered onto the third and / or upper tower section T3. The nacelle assembly N is fastened to the tower section T3, preferably using conventional fastening means, so that the axis of rotation of the nacelle hub NH is approximately 90° from the rail R of the substructure 10.

[0028] Next, holding members or grippers G1 for both tower section T and nacelle assembly N, as best shown in Figures 1 and 3, are replaced with holding members or grippers G2 for the blade with and from hoist H, as best shown in Figures 4A and 4B. Bridge crane 12 with blade holding members or grippers G2 lifts, aligns, and assembles first blade B1 to hub NH of nacelle assembly N while first blade B1 is between rails R of undercarriage 10, as best shown in Figures 2A, 2B, 4A, and 4B.

[0029] As seen in Figures 4A and 4B, the hub NH, with the first blade B1 mounted thereon, is rotated 120° counterclockwise away from the vessel V. Next, the bridge crane 12, with its blade retaining members G2, lifts, aligns, and assembles the second blade B2 to the hub NH of the nacelle assembly N while the second blade B2 is between the rails R of the undercarriage 10. The hub NH of the nacelle assembly N, along with the first and second blades B1 and B2, is then rotated another 120° counterclockwise to the position shown in Figure 4A. Of course, the blades may be secured to the hub NH at other intervals. For example, twelve additional blades spaced equally at 30° intervals are contemplated. The lifting, aligning, and assembly steps are then repeated for the third blade B3, as best shown in Figures 4A and 4B. Alternatively, the blade B can be lifted from the rack and aligned with the nacelle hub NH, as shown in the relative positions of the vessels in Figures 4A and 4B, and then the vessel V can be lowered.

[0030] The legs of the jack-up rig vessel are lifted by the lifting system ES and the vessel floats to the surface to move to the next predetermined location for installation of the next wind turbine. This embodiment of the TIGS is shown with components for assembling four wind turbines, so that four wind turbines can be assembled and installed from the vessel V without returning to shore.

[0031] It should be understood that the following is contemplated for and / or for use with TIGS embodiments. 1. The TIGS embodiment concept applies to the storage and transportation of either a single wind turbine installation or multiple wind turbines. 2. The TIGS embodiment concept can be used for wind turbines with one or more blades. 3. The TIGS embodiment concept can be used for wind turbines with one or more tower sections. 4. The TIGS embodiment concept can be used for the complete Wind Turbine Installation (WTI) or for only a portion of the Wind Turbine Installation (WTI), i.e., someone else can assemble the full length tower and the TIGS embodiment concept can be used for only the assembly and installation of the nacelle assembly and blades B. 5. In the TIGS implementation concept, the nacelle assembly N can be moved from a storage location to an assembly location such as the centerline C of the ship by means other than a skid cart SC. 6. The TIGS embodiment concept may be oriented transversely, as opposed to along the longitudinal centerline C of the vessel V. That is, the entire concept may be rotated 90 degrees. This allows for wind turbines to be installed over the side of the vessel V, as opposed to outside or outboard of the stern or transom TS, as depicted in Figures 1 through 4B. 7. The storage location and orientation of the TIGS embodiment concept may vary depending on the wind turbine components. 8. The bridge crane 12 of the TIGS embodiment may be modified for additional handling capabilities, i.e., a handling system such as the TAPS embodiment, which passes the tower through the bridge crane and raises a portion of the tower above the height of the bridge crane. The bridge crane is used to move the tower and move it from a horizontal position to a vertical position. 9. The concept of the TIGS embodiment can also be used for the transportation and installation of fully assembled Wind Turbine Installation (WTI) assemblies. Such methods, like the TAPS embodiment, can incorporate upper and lower handling systems that attach to the top and bottom of the fully assembled tower. Such handling systems allow portions of the Wind Turbine Installation (WTI) assembly to be installed at heights higher than a bridge crane. This concept applies to self-raising vessels as well as floating vessels. 10. An alternative to option 8 above is the transport, handling, and installation of a fully assembled wind turbine from a horizontal position to a vertical position. 11. TIGS embodiments may be land-based (shore-based) and used to assemble and load assembled wind turbine installations onto vessels and / or load components of wind turbine installations onto vessels. 12. The TIGS embodiment concept envisions assembling the blades in a nacelle assembly N on a vessel V, thereby eliminating relative motion between the vessel V and the nacelle N during blade installation. The orientation of the nacelle assembly N and its hub NH may vary in such a manner. 13. The TIGS embodiment concept contemplates handling the blade stored outboard by other means (i.e., knuckle boom crane, etc.).

[0032] Skid-Type Turbine Installation Crane (STIC) embodiment Detailed Description The skid-type turbine installation crane (STIC) embodiment shown in Figures 5 through 8 provides a safer, more capable system for installing bottom-supported offshore wind turbines. Referring to Figures 5 and 6, a boom crane, generally designated 14, is mounted on a skid structure or pedestal 16. One embodiment includes a traveling hoisting system, similar to the gantry system 10 of Figures 1-4B, that provides lifting power to both the tower gripper G1 or main hook MH (Figures 5 and 7) and the blade gripper G2 or auxiliary hook AH (Figures 6 and 8), suspended from the respective main boom MB and auxiliary boom AB cranes. As best shown in Figure 6, the crane 14 both rotates and glides longitudinally to access and lift wind turbine components. The main boom MB gripper G1 is preferably used to lift the tower section T and associated nacelle assembly N, while the auxiliary hook AH or blade gripper G2 is preferably used to assemble the blades B. The turbine tower sections T are releasably stored on the port, starboard, or both sides of a wind turbine installation (WTI) vessel, such as a self-raising or jack-up rig, as shown in Figures 5-8. As mentioned above, although not shown, the vessel V preferably uses a dynamic positioning (DP) system for positioning the vessel V relative to the bottom support tower sections BSTS. The nacelle assembly N is releasably stored between skid rails R along the centerline C of the vessel V, and the blades B are releasably stored longitudinally in cradles or racks RA on the port, starboard, or both sides of the vessel V. For a 20-megawatt turbine, 18 blades are stored on the vessel V, nine on each side of the vessel, although this system is not shown for clarity. These 18 blades, 18 tower sections, and six nacelle assemblies can be assembled into six wind turbines. Of course, different numbers of blades, nacelle assemblies, and tower sections can be used to install a different size megawatt turbine, such as a 5-megawatt turbine.Deck D is fully accessible by longitudinal movement of a rotatable crane 14 along the vessel's centerline. Vessel V is designed to allow self-loading of all turbine components from shore.

[0033] Other Positioning Systems Longitudinal Positioning - The boom crane 14 can move along longitudinally parallel skid rails R while being propelled by a conventional skid system.

[0034] Lateral Positioning - Lateral positioning is possible through the rotation of the crane 14. The crane 14 is preferably mounted to a skid structure or pedestal 16 via a slewing bearing system.

[0035] Vertical Positioning - A conventional large industrial hoist H is preferably adapted for use with a main boom MB and an auxiliary boom AB.

[0036] Auxiliary boom - extendable to access blades B releasably stored on racks RA outboard of the vessel's V-side shell.

[0037] Block trolley - allows the main hook MH or gripper G1 to move along the path of the main boom MB.

[0038] Assembly method As best shown in Figure 5, the vessel V arrives at a predetermined location with the bottom support tower section BSTS, preferably positioned using a dynamic positioning (DP) system. The vessel V is positioned for assembling the lower tower section LT from the transom TS of the vessel V. As in Figure 1, the vessel's lifting system ES is used to position the STIC embodiment system at a desired height relative to the bottom support tower section BSTS supported on the seabed SB.

[0039] Once the vessel V is positioned on the seabed SB, the skid structure or pedestal 16 system of the STIC embodiment skids from a central position on the vessel V and the boom crane 14 rotates to lift the lower tower section LT. The lower tower section LT is lifted off the deck by the main boom gripper G1 and the skid structure 16 moves to a cantilevered position as shown in Figure 5, after which the main boom MB rotates again to align the first tower section LT or lower tower section LT with the seabed supported tower section BSTS. Further skidding may be required to align the first / lower tower section LT with the seabed supported tower section BSTS.

[0040] The first / lower tower section LT is lowered onto the seabed support tower section BSTS using the main boom hoist H, as best shown in Figure 5. The lower tower section LT is then secured to the lower support tower section BSTS using conventional securing means.

[0041] Similar to Figure 3, the vessel's lifting system ES is used to achieve the desired lifting and lowering of the lower tower section LT. Simultaneously, the crane 14 rotates, skids, and lifts the second tower section T2. ​​The main boom is again rotated, and the crane 14 skids along rail R, aligning the second tower section T2 with the first / lower tower section LT. The second tower section T2 is secured to the first tower section LT using conventional fastening means. Additional tower sections, such as a third tower section T3, are aligned and secured using the crane 14, as best shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7.

[0042] The STIC embodiment then skids to pick up one of the six nacelle assemblies N using gripper G1. As best shown in Figure 7, crane 14 positions nacelle assembly N aft of vessel transom TS and lowers nacelle assembly N onto the top of last secured tower section T3, as best shown in Figure 7. Nacelle assembly N is lowered using main boom MB hoist H and fastened to last secured tower section T3 using conventional fastening means.

[0043] With the extendable secondary boom AB in its extended position, as best shown in Figure 6, the first blade B1 is gripped at its center of mass using the blade auxiliary hook AH or blade gripper G2, as shown in dashed lines. Although the blade gripper G2 is shown in Figure 8 with its opening facing the vessel V, it can also be used with its opening facing away from the vessel. As best shown in solid lines in Figures 6 and 8, the secondary boom AB with the first blade B1 is now above the legs of the lifting system ES and rotates to align the first blade B1 with the hub NH of the nacelle assembly N.

[0044] As best shown in Figure 8, the first blade B1 is assembled to the rotatable hub NH. Similar to Figures 4A and 4B, the hub NH and blade B1 are rotated 120°. The STIC skid structure 16 and rotatable crane 14 then grasp and assemble the second blade B2. This process is repeated as necessary to assemble all blades, preferably three blades.

[0045] The STIC skid structure or pedestal 16 is then skidded to its central stowed position and the vessel V is lowered together with the lifting system ES so that the floating vessel can be transferred to the next predetermined position. The above method can be carried out until all six turbines are assembled and installed from the vessel V without returning to shore.

[0046] It should be understood that the following is considered for and / or for use with STIC embodiments. 1. The concept of the STIC embodiment applies to the storage and transportation of either a single wind turbine installation or multiple wind turbines. 2. The STIC embodiment concept can be used for single or multiple blade wind turbines. 3. The STIC embodiment concept can be used for wind turbines with one or more tower sections. 4. Similar to the TIGS embodiment, the STIC embodiment concept can be used to install a complete Wind Turbine Installation (WTI) or only a portion of a Wind Turbine Installation (WTI), i.e., someone else assembles the full length Tower T, and the STIC embodiment concept can be used to assemble only the Nacelle Assembly N and Blades B. 5. The STIC embodiment concept may be oriented transversely as compared to along the longitudinal centerline C of the vessel V. This allows for wind turbines to be located on the side of the vessel V as compared to outside or outboard of the stern or transom TS as depicted in Figures 1 to 8. 6. The stowed locations and orientations of the tower T, nacelle N, and blades B in STIC embodiments may differ from those shown in FIG. 6. 7. The STIC embodiment concept may use alternative types / styles of cranes. The STIC embodiment concept crane emphasizes the capabilities of the STIC longitudinal skid structure 16, the rotation of the crane 14, and full access to the vessel deck and even the outboard blade rack RA via the extendable auxiliary boom AB. The STIC concept is not limited to the specific cranes mentioned above. For example, an appropriately sized lattice boom crane could be placed on the pedestal 16. 8. The STIC embodiment concept can be used for the transportation and installation of fully assembled wind turbine installations (WTI). 9. The blade B can be assembled with the hub NH of the nacelle assembly N on the vessel V. For example, the blade assembly on the hub NH of the nacelle assembly N can be performed with the blade oriented sideways in the tower section aft of the legs of the lifting system ES. The orientation of the nacelle assembly N and its hub NH can be varied in this way. 10. The STIC embodiment concept may be ground-based (land-based) and may be used to assemble and load assembled wind turbine installations onto vessels and / or load components of wind turbine installations onto vessels.

[0047] Turbine Assembly and Positioning System (TAPS) Embodiments Detailed Description The turbine assembly and positioning system (TAPS) embodiment shown in Figures 9 through 12 provides a safe and accurate method for installing bottom-supported offshore wind turbines. A cantilevered structure or system, generally designated 18, is propelled by a skid system and mounted on a vessel deck D. The cantilevered structure or system 18 is comprised of a handling system HS, which provides lateral, vertical, and rotational movement and positioning of the wind turbine components, as disclosed in detail below. In this TAPS embodiment, the nacelle assembly N is preferably assembled onto the tower section T while in port or installed offshore on the vessel deck during the assembly procedure described in detail herein. Tower sections LT and T2 are also shown assembled and can be assembled on the vessel deck on land and / or at sea. All blades B are releasably stowed overboard of the vessel, including the starboard, port, or either side of the vessel V, including the vessel lifting system ES jack-up legs. Blades B may be assembled on board the vessel and secured with bolts or the like to the hub NH of the nacelle assembly N using a knuckle boom crane, generally designated 20. This TAPS embodiment system eliminates the effects of relative motion between the vessel V and components, including the wind turbine nacelle assembly N, during installation of blades B. By eliminating such relative motion, this TAPS embodiment, along with other embodiments disclosed herein, can provide precise control when assembling wind turbine components, including blades B. The vessel V can advantageously self-load all wind turbine components on land and at sea.

[0048] Other Positioning Systems Longitudinal Positioning - As best shown in Figure 9, the knuckle boom crane 20 is secured to a cantilevered structure 18 for movement along longitudinal skid rails R (similar to rails R shown in Figures 2A, 2B and 6) on opposite sides of the vessel centerline C. The cantilevered structure is propelled by a conventional skid system.

[0049] Alternative Systems - A layout such as that shown in Figure 9 can be modified to operate outboard on the port and / or starboard sides of the vessel V instead of off or outboard on the transom TS.

[0050] Lateral Positioning - Hydraulic or electrical systems are employed to move Wind Turbine Installation (WTI) components laterally.

[0051] Vertical positioning - The wind turbine installation (WTI) is also moved vertically by hydraulic or electrical systems.

[0052] The skid-assembled nacelle assembly N and tower section and / or the assembled tower section are moved along the path of the handling system HS of the cantilever structure 18 from either or both of the starboard or port side of the vessel V to the vessel centerline C using an independent skid cart SC.

[0053] Component Rotation - The Wind Turbine Installation (WTI) component can be rotated along its vertical axis using hydraulic pressure and is guided by a pin and slot system, as will be described in more detail below.

[0054] Assembly method As best shown in Figure 12, the vessel arrives at the desired location, and the dynamic positioning (DP) system positions and maintains the vessel V for installation of the assembled lower or first tower section LT and tower section T2 onto the lower support tower section BSTS. See also Figure 11. The vessel's lifting system ES is used to position the cantilever structure 18 at the desired height. Next, as best shown in Figure 9, the handling system HS moves toward the bow of the vessel on the skid system rail R. One of the assembled tower sections LT and T2 slides to the vessel's centerline C, allowing the handling system HS to move the assembled lower tower section LT and tower section T2 to the overboard installation position shown in Figure 9 using the slot S in the arm A with the corresponding tower pin TP, as best shown in Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12. As best shown in Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, it should be noted that the tower pins TP on the tower sections are received by upwardly facing slots S in the forks or arms A of the handling system HS for vertical, lateral, and rotational positioning of the components as discussed herein. After the assembled first / lower tower section LT and tower section T2 are aligned with the subsea supported tower section BSTS, they are lowered by the vertical positioning system of the handling system HS. If necessary, the assembled lower tower section LT and tower section T2 can be rotated by the handling system HS rotation system.

[0055] After the assembled lower tower section LT and tower section T2 are aligned, the assembled lower tower section LT and tower section T2 are secured to the seabed supported tower section BSTS using conventional fastening means.

[0056] After the assembled lower tower section LT and tower section T2 are released from the handling system HS, the vessel's lifting system ES raises the cantilever structure 18 to the desired height relative to tower section T2. ​​The handling system HS moves toward the bow of the vessel, depending on which nacelle assembly is being assembled. The third tower section T3 with its assembled nacelle assembly N moves on a skid cart SC from either the port or starboard side of the vessel V to the path of travel for the cantilever structure 18 along the centerline C of the vessel V. Figures 9, 10, and 12 show the three assembled nacelle assemblies N and tower sections T3 on a separate skid cart SC on the port side of the vessel.

[0057] The arm slots S of the handling system HS receive corresponding tower pins TP of the assembled upper tower section T3 and nacelle assembly N, and the vertical positioning system of the handling system HS lifts the assembled upper tower section T3 and nacelle assembly N. After returning the skid carts SC of the tower section T3 and nacelle assembly N to their original outboard positions out of the path of travel of the cantilever structure 18, the cantilever structure 18 moves the assembled tower section T3 and nacelle assembly N to the cantilever position as best shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12.

[0058] As best shown in Figure 10, and as shown in Figures 9 through 12, a knuckle boom crane 20 positioned on a skid system of cantilever structure 18 is used to grip the first blade B1 using blade gripper G2. The first blade B1 is aligned and secured to the hub NH of nacelle assembly N. Note that all blades B are aligned and secured while the assembled nacelle assembly N and upper tower section T3 are suspended, or cantilevered, from vessel V. This eliminates relative motion between the assembled nacelle assembly N hub NH and blades B during assembly and securing of blade B. Next, the nacelle assembly N hub NH is rotated 120° with the first blade B1 thereon. Using the crane's blade gripper G2, the second blade B2 is gripped and aligned and secured to the nacelle assembly N hub NH. As best seen in FIG. 11, the third blade B3 is aligned with and fixed to the hub NH so that the three blades are evenly spaced.

[0059] Subsequently, using the cantilever structure 18 on the handling system HS, the cantilever assembly tower section T3 and the nacelle assembly N with three blades B1, B2, B3 fixed to its hub NH is aligned and then fixed to the tower section T2 using conventional fixing means, as best shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12. The slot / pin interengagement of the handling system HS is then disengaged from the pin TP of the tower section T3.

[0060] After the cantilever structure 18 has been moved to its central stowed position, the lifting system ES lowers the vessel V to its floating position so that the vessel can pass to the next predetermined location for installation of the next wind turbine. It should be noted that although the knuckle boom crane 20 is shown fixed to the cantilever cantilever structure 18 in Figures 9-12, it is alternatively possible for the crane 20 to be fixed to the deck D of the vessel V, or for an additional crane to be fixed to the deck.

[0061] The TAPS embodiment system and method described above can be used without the vessel returning to shore until the remaining two wind turbines on vessel V are fully assembled and installed in position. Cantilever structure 18 is preferably moved to a central stowed position on vessel V in preparation for the next installation.

[0062] It should be understood that the following is considered for or for use with TAPS embodiments. 1. The concept of the TAPS embodiment applies to the storage and transportation of either a single wind turbine installation or multiple wind turbines. 2. The TAPS embodiment concept can be used for wind turbines with single or multiple blades. 3. The TAPS implementation concept can be used for wind turbines with one or more tower sections. 4. The TAPS implementation concept can be used to install a complete wind turbine installation (WTI) or only a part of a wind turbine installation (WTI), i.e. the tower can be installed by someone else and the TAPS implementation concept can install the upper tower part T3 with only the assembled nacelle assembly N and the blades. 5. In a TAPS embodiment concept, the assembled nacelle assembly N and tower section T3, and / or the assembled lower section LT and tower section T2, can be moved from a storage position to an assembly position along the vessel centerline C by means other than a skid cart SC. 6. The vessel configuration may be modified to allow TAPS embodiments to accommodate wind turbine installations (WTI) offshore or outboard at the bow of the vessel, as well as at the stern. This may be achieved by longitudinal movement of the TAPS embodiment along the entire length of the vessel V, as best shown in Figures 9 through 12, or it may be achieved by using two separate TAPS systems, one located at the bow of the vessel V and the other located at the stern or transom TS of the vessel V. 7. The TAPS implementation concept can be oriented transverse to the vessel's longitudinal centerline C (see Figure 9) by rotating the entire concept by 90 degrees. This allows wind turbines to be installed on two sides of the vessel V compared to the outside of the stern or transom TS, as depicted in Figures 9 to 12. 8. Storage location and orientation may vary from that shown in Figures 9 through 12. 9. TAPS embodiments may use an alternative handling system, i.e., a gripper type system as opposed to a slotted / pinned forklift. 10. The TAPS embodiment concept can be used to transport and assemble a fully assembled wind turbine assembly, for example a nacelle assembly with fixed blades, fixed to a full length tower. 11. TAPS embodiments can transport and assemble wind turbine assemblies using a side forklift type handling system that retracts and extends laterally. 12. TAPS embodiments may be ground-based (land-based) and may be used to assemble and load fully assembled wind turbine installation equipment onto vessels and / or load wind turbine installation components onto vessels. 13. TAPS embodiments can be used to fully assemble the WTI (tower, nacelle, blades) on the vessel V prior to installation on the BSTS. In other words, the WTI is fully assembled on the vessel V and then positioned and installed on the BSTS. This eliminates relative motion during the entire assembly process.

[0063] Selected System and Method Combination Embodiments of TIGS, STIC, and TAPS Embodiments Combinations and modifications of selected systems and methods of the Turbine Gantry Installation System (TIGS), Skidding Turbine Installation Crane (STIC), and Turbine Assembly and Positioning System (TAPS) embodiments are contemplated.

[0064] An example of a combination embodiment system and method is shown in Figures 13 through 24. As best shown in Figures 13 through 15, selected systems and methods from the TAPS embodiment are contemplated for use in assembling a wind turbine tower or column T of one or more tower sections (see tower sections LT, T2, and T3). As best shown in Figures 14 and 24, a modified version of the TIGS embodiment is contemplated for use in elevating a nacelle assembly N to a stationary platform from which three wind turbine blades B can be assembled with the hub NH while the nacelle assembly N is still on board a vessel V. As best shown in Figures 13 through 16, a STIC embodiment crane 14 is attached to a cantilever structure 18 of a TAPS embodiment and is contemplated for use in place of or redundant with a modified TIGS embodiment. As a result, using any selected system and method of the TIGS, STIC, or TAPS embodiments, turbine blades B can be assembled and are contemplated to be releasably stored on suitable racks RA to one side of the vessel V, as best shown in FIG. 14, or along the centerline C of the vessel V, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 2A and 3. For example, as best shown in FIGS. 17-20, the gantry structure 10 of the TIGS embodiment can be used with a hoist H and a bridge crane 12 to align and secure the blades to the nacelle hub NH. Alternatively, as best shown in FIGS. 21-24, the cantilever structure 18 and boom crane 14 of the TAPS embodiment can be used with a hoist to align and secure the blades to the nacelle hub NH. As best shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the nacelle assembly N and tower / column T are contemplated to be releasably stored outboard of the vessel centerline C on a skid cart SC.As with all three disclosed embodiments, the vessel can self-load all tower sections T and other wind turbine components. The use of multiple components from the TIGS, STIC, and TAPS embodiments not only provides redundancy for assembly and installation of wind turbine components, but also enables systems and methods for simultaneous assembly and installation of wind turbine components depending on the configuration of multiple components from the embodiments described herein. Other Positioning Systems

[0065] All specific systems and methods associated with the TIGS, STIC and TAPS embodiments have been previously described herein.

[0066] Tower Section or Column T Installation - TAPS embodiments can move and position turbine tower sections or columns T, as best shown in Figures 13-15.

[0067] Nacelle assembly NT.IGS, STIC or TAPS embodiments may be used interchangeably to install nacelle assembly N as previously described herein to provide redundancy.

[0068] Mounting of Blade B - TIGS, STIC or TAPS embodiments can be used interchangeably to assemble Blade B onto the nacelle hub NH on the vessel V or on the assembled nacelle N to provide redundancy.

[0069] Importantly, when a combined embodiment such as that shown in Figures 13 to 24 is used, it is contemplated that an assembled one-piece tower such as that shown in Figures 13 to 16, with or without an assembled nacelle N, may be secured to the bottom support tower section BSTS without the use of a self-leveling and self-elevating jack-up rig. Thus, the present invention is contemplated for use on legless floating vessels such as ships.

[0070] The foregoing disclosure and description of the present invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof, and various changes in the details of the illustrated devices and construction and method of operation may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Moreover, the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description in conjunction with the drawings, in which several embodiments of the invention are shown and described. Moreover, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and that the invention is not to be considered limited to that shown and described in the specification and drawings.

Claims

1. 1. A system configured to assemble an offshore wind turbine having a nacelle assembly configured to position a hub, at least a tower portion, and at least a first blade, the system comprising: A vessel with a deck and a centerline; Gantry structures located on ship decks; rails arranged in a gantry structure, one rail arranged on one side of the hull centerline and the other rail arranged on the other side of the hull centerline; a hoist configured for lifting; and a bridge crane movably arranged on rails for use with a hoist, the bridge crane being movable relative to the ship deck between a lifting position and an erection position; Including, The system wherein the first blade is configured to be lifted by the bridge crane hoist above the ship deck between the rails to align the first blade with a nacelle hub positionable on the tower section for assembly with the nacelle hub.

2. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second blade, wherein the nacelle hub and the assembled first blade can be rotated so that the bridge crane hoist can align the second blade between the rails and with the nacelle hub for assembling the second blade with the nacelle hub.

3. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the tower portion of the wind turbine is configured to be positioned above the ship deck between and below the rails for lifting by a bridge crane hoist.

4. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the nacelle assembly is configured to be movable along the vessel centerline from outboard of the vessel centerline to between and below the rails for lifting the nacelle assembly by a bridge crane hoist.

5. 1. A system configured to assemble an offshore wind turbine having a hub, at least a tower portion, and a nacelle assembly configured to position at least a first blade and a second blade, the system comprising: A vessel with a deck and a centerline; vessel's outboard blade rack; a skid structure configured to skid along the centerline of the vessel; a boom crane having an extendable secondary boom and configured to be rotatably disposed with and on a skid structure, the boom crane configured to be rotatable between a lifting position from the vessel deck and a blade rack outboard of the vessel, and an assembly position; a hoist adapted for use with the secondary boom configured to lift the secondary boom; Including, a first blade and a second blade of the wind turbine configured to be stored on a rack outboard of the vessel, the first blade configured to be lifted while the secondary boom is in its extended position, the secondary boom rotatable to align the first blade with the nacelle hub for assembling the first blade outboard to the nacelle hub; The skid structure combined with the rotatable boom crane is configured to provide full vessel deck access, access to the outboard blades, and the system is configured to assemble the blades outboard with the nacelle assembly hub.

6. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the assembled nacelle hub and first blade are rotatable outboard, and the extended secondary boom is capable of aligning a second blade of the wind turbine with the nacelle hub for assembling the second blade with the nacelle hub outboard.

7. 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a main boom adapted for use with the hoist, wherein the tower section of the wind turbine is positioned on the vessel deck and configured to be lifted by the main boom hoist.

8. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein a nacelle assembly of the wind turbine is releasably positioned adjacent to the vessel centerline with clearance for the skid structure to slide over the nacelle assembly, and the nacelle assembly is configured for lifting by the main boom hoist.

9. 1. A system for assembling an offshore wind turbine having a hub, at least a tower portion, and a nacelle assembly configured to position at least a first blade and a second blade, the system comprising: A vessel with a deck and a centerline; a cantilevered structure movable along a centerline of the vessel and configured to be cantilevered outboard of the vessel; a boom crane configured to be rotatably positioned relative to the cantilever structure for accessing the vessel deck; and a handling system configured to be movable with the cantilever structure for outboard rotation, longitudinal and vertical positioning of the tower section; Including, The system is configured such that a first blade and a second blade of the wind turbine are stored outboard of a vessel centerline, and the first blade is lifted and rotated by a boom crane while the nacelle hub is suspended outboard by a handling system to align the first blade with the nacelle hub for outboard assembly of the first blade.

10. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the assembled nacelle hub and first blade are configured to be rotatable outboard such that a boom crane can align a second blade of the wind turbine with the nacelle hub for assembling the second blade with the nacelle hub outboard.

11. 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a handling system having a plurality of arms each having a slot therein, wherein the wind turbine tower section having the plurality of radially outwardly extending pins is positioned above the vessel deck for lifting the plurality of radially outwardly extending pins of the tower section by the handling system corresponding to the plurality of arms having slots.

12. 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a handling system having a plurality of arms each having a slot therein, wherein the nacelle assembly is assembled on an upper tower section having a plurality of radially outwardly extending pins, and wherein the assembled nacelle assembly and upper tower section are movable from a stowed position outboard of the vessel centerline to the vessel centerline by the handling system corresponding to the plurality of arms having slots therein to lift the plurality of radially outwardly extending pins of the tower section.

13. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the rotatable boom crane is fixedly disposed on the cantilever structure and is movable with the cantilever structure.

14. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the rotatable boom crane is positioned on the deck of the vessel adjacent the cantilever structure when the cantilever structure is cantilevered outboard of the vessel.

15. 1. A method of offshore assembling a wind turbine having at least a first wind turbine tower section and at least a first blade and a second blade to a subsea supported tower section extending above a water surface, the method comprising: moving the first wind turbine tower section and the first blade onto a floating vessel to a predetermined offshore location; aligning the vessel with the subsea support tower portion extending above the water surface; securing a first wind turbine tower section to a bottom support tower structure; securing a wind turbine nacelle assembly hub to the wind turbine tower section and above the wind turbine tower section; aligning a first wind turbine blade with a wind turbine hub from on board the vessel; rotating the assembled hub and first wind turbine blade; aligning a second wind turbine blade with the wind turbine hub from on board the vessel; and rotating the assembled hub, the first wind turbine blade and the second wind turbine blade; A method comprising:

16. a second wind turbine tower section, raising the vessel relative to the seabed adjacent the predetermined offshore location; further raising the vessel from the seabed after the step of aligning the vessel; and aligning the second wind turbine tower section with the first wind turbine tower section from on board the vessel; Including, 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the wind turbine hub is secured above the second wind tower section.

17. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein during the step of aligning the first turbine blade with the wind turbine hub, the first wind turbine blade is above the vessel deck in an assembled position.

18. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein during the step of aligning the second turbine blade with the wind turbine hub, the second wind turbine blade is above the vessel deck in an assembled position.

19. a third wind turbine blade; and aligning a third wind turbine blade with the wind turbine hub; Including, 20. The method of claim 18, wherein during the step of aligning the third wind turbine blade, the third wind turbine blade is above the vessel deck when in the assembled position.

20. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the wind turbine tower section, the wind turbine hub, and the first blade, the second blade, and the third blade are assembled from the vessel using a bridge crane movable on a gantry structure to a position on the cantilever.

21. skidding the wind turbine hub from an outboard position to an inboard position of the vessel beneath the bridge crane; lifting the wind turbine hub using a hoist adapted for use with a bridge crane; and longitudinally moving the wind turbine hub with the bridge crane prior to securing the wind turbine hub to the wind tower section; 21. The method of claim 20, comprising:

22. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the vessel is configured to hold the wind turbine tower section, the first blade, the second blade, the third blade, and the hub, and wherein the process can be repeated to assemble at least four wind turbines in place without moving the vessel.

23. a bridge crane adapted for use with the hoist; aligning the wind turbine tower section, the wind turbine hub, and the wind turbine blades using a bridge crane; attaching a gripper configured for use with the wind turbine tower section and the wind turbine hub to the bridge crane hoist to align the wind turbine tower section and the wind turbine hub; After removing the hub gripper, attaching a gripper configured for use with the blade crane hoist to align the wind turbine blade and the wind turbine hub; 16. The method of claim 15, comprising:

24. 1. A method of assembling at sea a wind turbine having at least a first wind turbine tower section, a wind turbine nacelle hub, and at least a first blade and a second blade above a tower section supported on a seabed, the method comprising: moving the first wind turbine tower section, the wind turbine nacelle hub, the first blade, and the second blade to a predetermined offshore location on a floating vessel having a deck; aligning a first wind turbine tower section from the vessel with a subsea support tower section extending above the water surface; securing a wind turbine nacelle hub above the first wind turbine tower section; aligning a first wind turbine blade with a wind turbine nacelle hub outboard of a marine vessel; rotating a first wind turbine blade outboard from a marine vessel; aligning a second wind turbine blade with a wind turbine nacelle hub outboard from the marine vessel; and rotating a second wind turbine blade outboard from the marine vessel; A method comprising:

25. a second wind turbine tower section, raising the vessel relative to the seabed adjacent the predetermined offshore location; further raising the vessel off the seabed after the step of aligning the first wind turbine tower section and after the step of raising the vessel; and aligning a second wind turbine tower section with the first wind turbine tower section from the marine vessel; Including, 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the wind turbine hub is secured above the second wind turbine tower section.

26. the first wind turbine tower section, the wind turbine nacelle hub, and the first and second blades are assembled from the vessel using a rotatable boom crane on a skid structure movable along rails on a vessel deck; 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the skid structure in combination with the rotatable boom crane is configured to provide full vessel deck access to the blades outboard of the vessel on the rack and configured to assemble each of the blades with the outboard assembled wind turbine nacelle hub.

27. positioning the wind turbine nacelle hub adjacent to the vessel centerline such that the skid structure has clearance to skid over the nacelle hub prior to securing the wind turbine hub to the wind turbine tower portion; lifting the wind turbine nacelle hub using a hoist configured for lifting with a rotatable boom crane prior to securing the wind turbine nacelle hub to the wind turbine tower portion; using the skid structure to move the wind turbine nacelle hub along a longitudinal path on the ship deck before fixing the wind turbine nacelle hub to the wind turbine tower section; 27. The method of claim 26 further comprising:

28. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the vessel is configured to store the wind turbine tower section, the first and second blades, and the nacelle hub on the vessel deck, and the process can be repeated to assemble at least six wind turbines at a given location without the vessel returning to shore.

29. a boom crane configured for use with a hoist on a skid structure; aligning the wind turbine tower section, the wind turbine nacelle hub, and the first blade and the second blade of the wind turbine using a boom crane on a skid structure; attaching a gripper to a boom crane hoist, the gripper configured for use with the wind turbine tower section and the wind turbine nacelle hub for aligning the wind turbine tower section and the wind turbine nacelle hub; and 25. The method of claim 24, including removing the grippers configured for use with the wind turbine tower section and the wind turbine nacelle hub, and then attaching the blade gripper to the boom crane hoist to align the wind turbine blade with the wind turbine nacelle hub.

30. 1. A method of assembling at sea a wind turbine having at least an assembled wind turbine tower section and a nacelle hub, and at least a first blade and a second blade, comprising: loading the assembled wind turbine tower section and nacelle hub, and the first and second blades onto a floating vessel and moving them to a predetermined offshore location; suspending the assembled wind turbine tower section and the wind turbine nacelle hub overboard of the marine vessel and then securing the assembled wind turbine tower section and the wind turbine nacelle hub above the tower section supported on the seabed; aligning a first wind turbine blade to a wind turbine nacelle hub using a crane; rotating the nacelle hub and the first wind turbine blade after securing the first blade to the hub; aligning a second wind turbine blade to the wind turbine nacelle hub using a crane; and rotating the nacelle hub, the first wind turbine blade, and the second wind turbine blade; Including, After securing the second blade to the hub, the wind turbine tower section has a plurality of radially outwardly extending pins configured for use with a handling system having a plurality of slots corresponding to the radially outwardly extending pins of the tower section.

31. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the assembled wind turbine hub and first blade are configured to rotate outboard of the marine vessel, and the crane is capable of aligning the second blade with the wind turbine nacelle hub for assembling the second blade outboard to the wind turbine hub.

32. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising the step of raising the vessel relative to the seabed adjacent the predetermined offshore location prior to the step of suspending and aligning the assembled wind turbine tower section and wind turbine nacelle hub.

33. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the assembled tower sections and wind turbine hub are movable from an outboard vessel centerline stowed position to the vessel centerline for lifting the plurality of radially outwardly extending pins of the tower sections by a handling system corresponding to the plurality of slots.

34. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the crane is rotatably arranged with a cantilever structure movable along the vessel deck to access wind turbine components both on the vessel deck and outboard of the vessel deck.

35. 1. A system configured to install offshore wind turbine components from a jack-up vessel (V) having a self-elevating system (ES) operable to raise and lower the vessel (V) relative to a seabed (SB), comprising: a vessel (V) having a deck (D) for supporting wind turbine components; a gantry structure (10) fixedly positioned on the forward deck (D) so as not to move relative to the deck (D); rails (R) positioned with the gantry structure (10) to define a centerline (C) along the longitudinal direction of the vessel (V), one rail (R) positioned on one side of the centerline (C) and the other rail (R) positioned on the other centerline (C), portions of both rails (R) being cantilevered over the transom (TS) of the vessel (V); at least one gripper (G1) for gripping a wind turbine component; at least one hoist (H) configured for use with the gripper (G1) to lift the wind turbine component from the deck (D); and and at least one bridge crane (12) movably disposed on rails (R) adapted for use with a hoist (H), the bridge crane (12) being movable relative to the vessel deck (D) between a lifting position for lifting wind turbine components from the deck (D) and a set-down position in which the hoist (H) is operably disposed on the cantilevered rails (R) for lowering the lifted wind turbine components from the vessel (V) deck (D) without interfering with the vessel (V) deck (D), wherein the wind turbine components are suspended from the hoist (H) both below the rails (R) and between the rails (R) and the vessel (V) deck (D) as the bridge crane (12) moves them.

36. The wind turbine component includes at least one tower section (LT), a first blade (B1), and a nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH), wherein the first blade (B1) is configured to be lifted by a bridge crane (12) hoist (H) above a vessel (V) deck (D) between rails (R) to align with the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH), the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) being positionable above the tower section (LT) for assembling the first blade (B1) to the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH); 36. The system of claim 35, further comprising a second blade (B2), wherein the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) and the assembled first blade (B1) are rotated so that the hoist (H) of the bridge crane (12) can align the second blade (B2) with the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) between the rails (R) to assemble the second blade (B2) to the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH).

37. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the tower section (LT) of the wind turbine is configured to be positioned above the vessel (V) deck (D) between and below the rails (R) for lifting by the hoist (H) of the bridge crane (12).

38. 36. The system of claim 35, further comprising a nacelle assembly (N) configured to be movable along the centerline (C) from outboard of the centerline (C) between and below the rails (R) for lifting the nacelle assembly (N) by the bridge crane (12) hoist (H).

39. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the bridge crane (12) is longitudinally movable relative to the rails (R) and the hoist (H) is transversely movable relative to the bridge crane (12) to operably position the hoist (H) in an installation position such that the hoist (H) can lower the lifted wind turbine component without interfering with the vessel (V) deck (D).

40. The gantry structure (10) comprises: A first pair of support legs provided on one side of the vessel (V), and one rail (R) supported by the first pair of support legs; and a second pair of support legs provided on the other side of the vessel (V), and another rail (R) supported by the second pair of support legs, the other rail (R) being substantially parallel to the one rail (R); The bridge crane (12) moves along rails (R) and optionally 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the gantry structure (10) and rails (R) are independent of cross members other than the movable bridge crane (12) to operably provide access to the blades (B) and allow the blades (B) in combination with the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) to rotate.

41. 1. A method for offshore installation of wind turbine components on a seabed (SB), comprising: moving the wind turbine components supported on a floating jack-up vessel (V) having a self-elevating system (ES) operatively configured to raise and lower the vessel (V) relative to the seabed (SB) to a predetermined offshore location; aligning a vessel (V) for installing wind turbine components with the seabed (SB); a step of arranging a gantry structure (10) fixedly supported on the vessel (V) and rails (R) so as not to move relative to a deck (D) of the vessel (V) and so as to define a centerline (C) along the longitudinal direction of the vessel (V), wherein one rail (R) is arranged on one side of the centerline (C) and the other rail (R) is positioned on the other side of the centerline (C), and a portion of the rail (R) is arranged in a cantilevered manner on a transom (TS) of the vessel (V); operatively configuring at least one hoist (H) having a gripper (G1) for lifting a wind turbine component from a deck (D) of a vessel (V); movably disposing at least one bridge crane (12) adapted for use with a hoist (H) on rails (R) for moving wind turbine components; moving the bridge crane (12) longitudinally relative to the vessel (V) between a lifting position and a placement position; suspending the wind turbine components from hoists (H) both below the rails (R) and between the rails (R) and the deck (D) of the vessel (V) as the bridge crane (12) moves the wind turbine components; and 1. A method comprising: moving a hoist (H) relative to a bridge crane (12), the hoist (H) being operably positioned on a cantilever rail (R) for lowering a wind turbine component lifted from a vessel (V) deck (D) in an installation position without interfering with the vessel (V) deck (D).

42. The wind turbine component includes at least a first tower section (LT), a second tower section (T2), a first blade (B1), a second blade (B2), and a nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH); raising the vessel (V) relative to the seabed (SB) adjacent to the predetermined offshore location; After the step of aligning the vessel (V), further raising the vessel (V) from the seabed (SB); and aligning the second tower section (T2) with the first tower section (LT) from on board the vessel (V), wherein the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) is fixed above the second tower section (T2); aligning a first blade (B1) from on board the vessel (V) for assembly with a nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH), the first blade (B1) being configured to be lifted by a bridge crane (12) hoist (H) both below the rail (R) between the rail (R) and a deck (D) of the vessel (V) so as to be aligned with the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH); rotating the assembled hub (NH) with the first blade (B1); aligning the second blade (B2) from on board the vessel (V) for assembly with the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH); and 42. The method according to claim 41, comprising the step of rotating the assembled hub (NH) together with the first blade (B1) and the second blade (B2).

43. 43. The method according to claim 42, wherein during the step of aligning the first blade (B1) with the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH), the first blade (B1) is above the vessel (V) deck (D) and between the rails (R) in its assembled position.

44. 44. The method according to claim 43, wherein during the step of aligning the second blade (B2) with the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH), the second blade (B2) is above the vessel (V) deck (D) and between the rails (R) in its assembled position.

45. Further comprising a third blade (B3), aligning the third blade (B3) from on board the vessel (V) for assembly with the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH); 45. The method according to claim 44, wherein during the step of aligning the third blade (B3), the third blade (B3) is above the vessel (V) deck (D) and between the rails (R) in the assembled position.

46. the first tower section (LT) and second tower section (T2), the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH), and the first blade (B1), second blade (B2), and third blade (B3) are assembled using a bridge crane (12) movable to a cantilever position on the gantry structure (10); 46. ​​The method of claim 45, wherein the hoist (H) is operatively arranged to lower the lifted wind turbine component from the vessel (V) deck (D) without interfering with the vessel (V) deck (D).

47. skidding a nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) from an outboard position on the vessel (V) to an inboard position on the vessel (V) below the bridge crane (12); lifting a nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) using a hoist (H) adapted for use with a bridge crane (12); 47. The method according to claim 46, further comprising the step of moving the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) along the longitudinal direction using a bridge crane (12) before the step of securing the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) to the second tower section (T2).

48. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the vessel (V) is configured to support additional wind turbine components such that the installation process can be repeated to assemble at least four wind turbines at other predetermined locations without reloading the jack-up vessel (V).

49. aligning the tower section (T), nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH), and blades (B) using a bridge crane (12); attaching a first gripper (G1) configured for use with the tower section (T) and the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH) to a hoist (H) of a bridge crane (12) for aligning the tower section (T) and the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH); and 42. The method of claim 41, further comprising, after removing the first gripper (G1) from the hoist (H), attaching a second gripper (G2) configured for use with the bridge crane (12) hoist (H) to align the blade (B) with the nacelle assembly (N) hub (NH).

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