Multi-function nozzle for spinning machines

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multifunctional nozzle for a spinning machine capable of producing at least one improved true twist yarn. The multifunctional nozzle further provides the possibility of producing a true twist yarn that at least partially combines the advantages of open-end yarn and ring yarn. To this end, the multifunctional nozzle includes a nozzle passage disposed within a nozzle housing, open on one side, and capable of generating a vortex fluid flow therein. The nozzle body is also provided with a nozzle passage shorter than the nozzle passage, the nozzle body having a through passage for guiding a yarn or sliver therethrough. The nozzle passage includes an annular gap having at least one narrowed portion tapering toward the narrowed portion on both sides. The narrowed portion is located downstream of a fluid inlet leading to the nozzle passage. A hollow flow guide for guiding the yarn or sliver with the fluid is provided between the annular gap and the open end of the nozzle passage, the annular gap being formed between the nozzle body and the nozzle housing and / or the flow guide.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a multifunctional nozzle for a spinning machine, which can be used for spinning devices and methods as well as for fiber material bundling.

[0002] Various types of spinning machines with corresponding spinning devices, spinning methods, and gathering devices have long been known in the prior art. For example, by ring spinning in a ring spinning frame, particularly by using a gathering device, gathered or compacted yarns are produced. Due to the actual twist, such yarns have high strength, high twist, high uniformity, and high hairiness, and cover a wide range of finenesses. However, due to physical limitations, they can only be produced at low spinning speeds. The physical limitations are due to limitations in the balloon force, the ring traveler system, and the yarn strength.

[0003] Another known spinning method is rotor spinning on a rotor spinning machine, based on the open-end principle (OE principle). In the OE principle, previously individualized fibers during fiberization are collected at the open yarn ends prepared in the spinning rotor and then bound to the open yarn ends during the twist imparted by the rotation of the spinning rotor. The yarns produced in this way, also known as rotor yarns, certainly have improved homogeneity and less hairiness than ring yarns, i.e., yarns produced using ring spinning, and require lower production costs, but they also have lower yarn strength and bending stiffness. Due to the process, so-called ballooning and wrapped fibers occur in rotor yarns. These ballooning and wrapped fibers certainly give rotor yarns their characteristic appearance and hand, but are not desirable for all textile applications. The number of balloonings, in particular, affects yarn quality with respect to strength, bending stiffness, and hand. The number of ballooning events usually increases with higher spinning rotor speeds and smaller spinning rotor diameters. Furthermore, unlike ring yarns, rotor yarns can only cover a limited range of yarn sizes.

[0004] Another known single-jet air spinning method is air true twist spinning, in which a sliver with mostly parallel-oriented fibers, previously drawn in a drafting device, is air-spun into a yarn around a yarn-forming element using a vortex air flow generated in an air spinning nozzle. In air spinning, the vortex air flow in the spinning nozzle causes individual fibers to spirally wrap around the parallel-oriented fibers that form the yarn core. These fibers are of average length or long fibers. In contrast, short fibers are often blown away and cannot be reliably processed. The yarn produced in this way has lower yarn strength and uniformity than ring yarn and, like rotor yarn, can only cover a limited yarn size range. However, it has less feathering and can be produced at lower production costs and higher spinning speeds than ring spinning.

[0005] What is common to yarns produced using various spinning methods is that they each have their own advantages in terms of yarn parameters, production costs, and productivity, but in doing so, they also have their own disadvantages.

[0006] It is desired by the present invention to provide at least an alternative, in particular an improved, real twist yarn for a wide range of applications, and more preferably to provide a possibility for producing a real twist yarn which may suffice without an untwisted core, in particular without a core consisting of parallel fibers, and more preferably to provide a yarn which, by virtue of the provided possibility, can at least partially combine the advantages of open-end yarns with the advantages of ring yarns.

[0007] To this end, the invention proposes a multifunctional nozzle for a spinning machine, which has a pressurizable nozzle housing with a nozzle passage extending along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle housing, which nozzle passage is open on one side along the longitudinal axis, and which can be closed on the side opposite the open side by a means or by the nozzle housing itself, as will be explained in more detail below, forming a through passage connecting the nozzle passage to the surroundings.

[0008] Longitudinal direction, in the sense of the present invention, means the direction of a component, unit, tool or device which has a greater value of material extension than an axis perpendicular thereto.

[0009] The nozzle housing is a hollow body of a geometric shape whose cavity defines the nozzle passage. The nozzle housing may preferably have a circular, rectangular, polygonal, or elliptical cross section perpendicular to its longitudinal axis and may be made of a metal-containing, plastic-containing, or ceramic material, or a combination of these materials or other materials, such as quartz sand. The nozzle housing wall has a thickness and / or material composition such that it can withstand the sustained fluid pressure necessary for the operation of the multifunctional nozzle.

[0010] Furthermore, the multifunctional nozzle has a fluid inlet through which pressurized fluid can be introduced into the nozzle passage to generate a vortex fluid flow therein. The fluid inlet is preferably formed in the nozzle housing with an opening that opens into the nozzle passage. Alternatively or additionally, a fluid inlet in a separate element from the nozzle housing can be realized to introduce fluid into the nozzle passage, and this separate element can be inserted into the nozzle housing and, optionally, into the nozzle passage, for example, via an opening in the nozzle housing.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the fluid inlet is arranged inside the pressure chamber of a vestibule housing for the fluid supply device. The vestibule housing may be arranged on the nozzle housing to keep the structural configuration simple and compact. More preferably, the vestibule housing may extend annularly around the nozzle housing, which is particularly advantageous when two or more fluid inlets are provided, since these fluid inlets can be simultaneously supplied with pressurized fluid via the pressure chamber. For example, the vestibule housing with the pressure chamber may extend annularly partially or completely around the nozzle housing.

[0012] The fluid inlet is designed to generate a vortex-like fluid flow in the through passage. To this end, the fluid inlet may preferably have at least one fluid inlet opening with an opening axis oriented in the circumferential direction of the nozzle passage, in particular tangential to the nozzle passage. In a preferred alternative or additional embodiment, the fluid inlet has two or more fluid inlet openings leading to the nozzle passage and distributed around the entire circumference of the nozzle passage, which fluid inlet openings open into the nozzle passage to generate a vortex-like fluid flow. More preferably, the fluid inlet openings are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, so that the pressurized fluid is particularly preferably introduced tangentially to the nozzle passage. The tangentially oriented opening axis of the at least one fluid inlet opening is more preferably oriented in a direction toward the open end of the nozzle passage at an angle greater than 0° and less than 90° with the perpendicular plane, which allows for the generation of an improved vortex-like fluid flow with reduced turbulence.

[0013] The fluid is preferably a gaseous fluid, more preferably air such as ambient air, or a mixture of at least two gaseous fluids. Mixtures of gaseous and liquid fluids are also contemplated. Such mixtures are particularly suitable for the predefined treatment of yarns or slivers and / or for the predefined treatment of surfaces of multifunctional nozzles that come into contact with the yarns or slivers, for example to reduce deposits or finishes on these surfaces.

[0014] The multifunctional nozzle further comprises a nozzle body for placement in the nozzle passage, which is designed accordingly to be able to be placed therein, in particular replaceably, and which has an outer shape such that it can be formed in, placed in and / or inserted into the nozzle passage with the nozzle housing.

[0015] The nozzle body has a through-channel extending along the longitudinal axis for guiding the yarn or sliver. The cross-section of the through-channel is appropriately adapted to the cross-section of the yarn or sliver to be guided through the nozzle body, so that the yarn or sliver can be guided through the nozzle body. Preferably, the inner diameter of the through-channel is adapted to be at least 3% and at most 25% larger than the outer diameter of the yarn or sliver to be guided through, thereby ensuring effective and particularly unhindered through-guiding of the yarn or sliver.

[0016] The nozzle body is formed shorter than the nozzle passage along the longitudinal axis direction, so that the pressurized fluid introduced can be guided within the nozzle passage by rubbing against the free end of the nozzle body, thereby generating a suction flow within the through passage.

[0017] The multifunctional nozzle further comprises an annular gap extending in the nozzle passage along the longitudinal axis with at least one narrow point, the annular gap tapering from both sides along the longitudinal axis and located downstream of the fluid inlet along the longitudinal axis. The annular gap may preferably have one or more nozzle-like cross-sectional shapes along the longitudinal axis, which form the narrow points. In the sense of the present invention, a nozzle-like cross-sectional shape is understood to mean a shape having a cross-section that converges along the longitudinal axis to its narrowest cross-sectional area.

[0018] According to another preferred embodiment, the annular gap has a cross-section that is a combination of a nozzle-like cross-sectional shape and a diffuser-like cross-sectional shape, with a narrow section arranged between the nozzle-like and diffuser-like cross-sectional shapes. A diffuser-like cross-sectional shape in the sense of the present invention means a shape that has a cross-section that expands along the longitudinal axis following the narrow section. Preferably, the nozzle-like and / or diffuser-like cross-sectional shapes are symmetrical with respect to their central axis. More preferably, the cross-sectional shape resembles a Laval nozzle, which allows for supersonic flow in the expanding section.

[0019] The multifunctional nozzle further comprises a particularly replaceable defining part in the nozzle passage, on the side of the fluid inlet opposite the narrowed point, for closing the nozzle housing on one side along the longitudinal axis and thus defining the nozzle passage on one side along the longitudinal axis. This defining part is specified to close the nozzle passage away from the fluid inlet, more preferably adjacent to the fluid inlet. The defining part comprises a further through-passage for the yarn or sliver extending along the longitudinal axis for communication with the nozzle passage of the nozzle body. This further through-passage may have a configuration, in particular, as described above for the through-passage. More preferably, the further through-passage and the through-passage are arranged coaxially along the longitudinal axis, more preferably configured and configured with the same cross-sectional shape. Preferably, the defining portion forms a component of the nozzle body or a separate part from the nozzle body, which is further preferably formed integrally with the nozzle housing, or alternatively, preferably, is a separate part from the nozzle body and the nozzle housing, on which the nozzle body is or can be arranged, in particular so that the further through-passage passes directly into the through-passage, particularly preferably so that the nozzle body is supported by a material-, force- or form-locking connection. Alternatively, preferably, connecting passages can be arranged between the further through-passages to connect the further through-passages. In such an arrangement, the nozzle body can be supported in the nozzle body, particularly preferably by the connecting passages or by retaining webs that are connected to the nozzle housing via the nozzle body.

[0020] The multifunctional nozzle further comprises a hollow-body-shaped flow guide for guiding the yarn or sliver between the annular gap and the open end of the nozzle passage, entraining the fluid. The flow guide may preferably be formed by the wall of the nozzle housing or alternatively or additionally by another hollow body. The fixed end of such another hollow-body-shaped flow guide is preferably connected to the nozzle housing, and the connection point of the fixed end on the nozzle housing is located spaced apart from the longitudinal open end of the nozzle passage. The connection can be effected in various ways and as required. For example, the connection can be effected between the nozzle housing and the flow guide via a material-tight connection, such as an adhesive bond. Alternatively or additionally, the fixed end on the nozzle housing can be latched, screwed, clamped, or otherwise force- and / or form-lockingly connected. For example, the fixed end of the flow director may be resiliently formed with a locking means, such as a locking receptacle and / or a locking projection, which is formed inside the nozzle passage for locking with a corresponding locking means arranged on the wall of the nozzle housing. In this way, the fixed end of the flow director can be inserted into the nozzle passage with a resiliently preloaded force and pressed onto the corresponding locking means while maintaining the resiliently preloaded force, which is at least partially released at the corresponding locking means so that locking can take place.

[0021] In addition to its fixed end, such a preferred further flow director has a free end, which is located on the side of the fixed end opposite the defining portion and has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the nozzle housing at the first narrowed point or smaller than the outer diameter of the first narrowed point. The free end of the further flow director simultaneously defines and defines the open end of the nozzle passage due to the formation of at least one closing partial segment of the nozzle passage.

[0022] The flow director may have a cross-sectional shape, in particular as described above for the nozzle housing, and may be made of, for example, a material, as described above for the nozzle housing. Particularly preferably, the flow director has a segment with a cross-sectional shape similar to that of a nozzle and a diffuser, more preferably similar to that of a Laval nozzle, which segment extends between the annular gap and the open end of the nozzle passage.

[0023] An annular gap is formed between the nozzle body and the nozzle housing and / or between the nozzle body and the flow guide. Consequently, the annular gap is defined by the free space or gap formed between the outside of the nozzle body and the inside of the nozzle housing or the inside of the flow guide. The gap width, i.e., the linear distance between the outside of the nozzle body and the inside of the nozzle housing or the flow guide in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, decreases, in particular continuously or discontinuously, in accordance with the nozzle-like cross-sectional shape up to a narrow point and then increases again, in particular continuously or discontinuously. The interval can preferably be selected to suit the requirements. Furthermore, the nozzle body can preferably have a cross-sectional shape resembling a candle flame, in a cross-section plane extending through the central longitudinal axis of the through-passage of the nozzle body, which is preferably symmetrical, in particular rotationally symmetrical, relative to the central longitudinal axis.

[0024] According to a further preferred embodiment, the annular gap has a second narrowing along the longitudinal axis at the level of the free end or at the free end of the nozzle body in the nozzle housing or in the interior of the flow guide, which narrows the annular gap segment towards the second narrowing, so that a new increase in the flow velocity can be achieved in the through-passage of the nozzle body, thereby achieving a defined suction flow effect.

[0025] The multifunctional nozzle according to the present invention enables the generation of a vortex-like fluid flow, which grows spirally around the nozzle body along the longitudinal axis within the annular gap, and when it crosses the annular gap at the free end of the nozzle body, acts on the yarn or sliver guided therethrough by the nozzle body, imparting a rotation to the yarn or sliver along its longitudinal axis, centered on its longitudinal axis.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the multifunctional nozzle has a fiber supply device for supplying individualized fibers, the fiber supply device having a fiber inlet and a fiber passage communicating with the fiber inlet and arranged downstream in the fiber conveying direction.

[0027] The multifunctional nozzle further comprises a spinning chamber arranged downstream of the flow guide in the longitudinal direction, the flow guide and the fiber passage opening into the spinning chamber along the longitudinal direction, and in addition to the opening of the flow guide and the opening of the fiber passage, the spinning chamber has a fiber outlet for discharging excess fiber, the fiber outlet being connectable to a negative pressure source.

[0028] According to this preferred embodiment, the multifunctional nozzle forms an alternative spinning device that can produce a true-twist yarn without an untwisted core of parallel fibers. To this end, according to a preferred embodiment, pressurized fluid is introduced into the nozzle passage or annular gap via a fluid inlet, and the fluid is displaced toward the spinning chamber due to the nozzle passage being closed on one side by a delimiting portion. Due to the special design of the fluid inlet, a vortex-like fluid flow is generated within the nozzle passage or annular gap. This displaces the pressurized fluid in a spiral around the nozzle body toward the spinning chamber. Due to the cross-sectional change of the annular gap, particularly similar to that of a Laval nozzle, an axially accelerated vortex-like fluid flow is generated at the level of the free end of the nozzle body, up to the free end of the nozzle body or the annular gap outlet. The annular flow or vortex fluid flow generates a negative pressure or suction flow at the outlet of the through-passage, which can transport the yarn ends introduced into the through-passage into the region of the nozzle passage defined by the flow guide. The vortex fluid flow causes the yarn ends to rotate about their longitudinal axis and the longitudinal axis of the through-passage and the flow guide. A negative pressure is preferably applied to the fiber outlet of the spinning chamber, which further supports the transport of the rotating yarn ends into the spinning chamber. The vortex fluid flow present in the flow guide and extending into the spinning chamber generates a negative pressure or a further suction flow in the fiber supply device or fiber passage and fiber inlet. This suction flow is preferably further strengthened by a negative pressure applied to the spinning chamber. This allows individualized fibers, for example, defibrated by a known defibrating unit based on the open-end rotor spinning method, to be sucked into the fiber passage via the fiber inlet and introduced into the spinning chamber via the fiber supply device. The singulated fibers come into contact with the rotating fiber ends within the spinning chamber, thereby causing the singulated fibers to adhere to and bind with the rotating open yarn ends.Excess individualized fibers can be blown out of the spinning chamber through the fiber outlet or sucked out by the negative pressure present at the fiber outlet, thereby preventing blockage of the spinning chamber.Furthermore, the yarn is preferably drawn out of the multifunctional nozzle in the direction opposite to the introduction direction at a defined drawing-out speed by means of a yarn drawing-out device while the individualized fibers are continuously attached to and bundled onto the fiber ends during the spinning process.

[0029] The multifunctional nozzle according to this preferred embodiment enables the production of air-spun yarns having both true twist and untwisted parallel fibers by utilizing the OE principle, which attaches and bundles individualized fibers to an open yarn end to form a yarn. Unlike open-end rotor spinning, in which the attachment and bundling of individualized fibers is performed using a rotating spinning rotor, the multifunctional nozzle according to this preferred embodiment is based on the principle of annular flow spinning, which uses the generation of an annular flow, i.e., the generation of a vortex fluid flow as described above, to attach and bundle individualized fibers to an open yarn end to form a yarn solely through the generated annular flow. The yarn produced in this manner also has the advantage that it is substantially free of undesirable ballooning and / or wrapped fibers. The yarn produced in this manner is suitable for a wider range of uses than rotor yarns. Furthermore, the yarn can be produced at higher spinning speeds than ring spinning. As a result, the present invention provides a true twist yarn that combines at least some of the advantages of rotor yarns with some of the advantages of ring yarns.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, the physical extension of the spinning chamber along its longitudinal axis is adapted to the fiber length of the fibers to be processed. More preferably, the spinning chamber is formed by a nozzle housing or by a spinning chamber housing that is exchangeable with the nozzle housing, i.e., that can be non-destructively connected and disconnected. The exchangeable connection between the spinning chamber and the multifunctional nozzle allows for easy adaptation of the multifunctional nozzle to various fiber lengths to be processed in order to produce air-spun, defined, true-twist yarns. In this way, a spinning chamber adapted to this fiber length can be connected to the multifunctional nozzle in relation to the fiber length to be processed.

[0031] According to another preferred embodiment, the flow guide forms a partition wall between the nozzle passage and the fiber passage. In other words, the fiber passage is preferably formed on the side of the flow guide opposite the nozzle passage. More preferably, the fiber passage may be formed radially inward by the flow guide and radially outward by a wall of the nozzle housing spaced apart from the flow guide. This wall extends in the longitudinal direction, particularly starting from the fixed end of the flow guide, in order to form the fiber passage together with the flow guide. Particularly preferably, the wall defining the radially outward side extends beyond the flow guide in the direction of the spinning chamber and is preferably formed as a connecting element for interchangeably connecting the spinning chamber housing and the nozzle housing. This configuration allows for a simple and compact design of the multifunctional nozzle.

[0032] Preferably, the spinning chamber has one or more cross-sectional shapes along its longitudinal axis that resemble Laval nozzles, which favorably supports the suction flow effect for drawing the individualized fibers and yarn ends into the spinning chamber.

[0033] More preferably, the spinning chamber can be formed of a flexible, hose-like structure, which allows for easy and interchangeable connection of the spinning chamber to the nozzle housing, for example by means of a slip fit. Furthermore, the spinning chamber can be manufactured inexpensively.

[0034] Preferably, the spinning chamber has a cross-sectional shape along its longitudinal axis similar to that of a rotor cup interior, and the flow guide openings, the fiber channel openings, and the fiber outlet openings are arranged along the inner diameter of this cross-sectional shape for communication with the spinning chamber. These openings may be arranged on the same side or on different sides. This configuration allows for cost-effective use of known rotor cup geometries. More preferably, the flow guide openings are arranged radially inward along the inner diameter with circular cross-sections, the fiber outlet openings are arranged radially outward with an annular cross-section surrounding the flow guide openings, and the fiber channel openings are arranged radially therebetween with circular cross-sections or an annular cross-section surrounding the flow guide openings. This allows for a simple and compact spinning chamber design.

[0035] In another alternative embodiment, the multifunctional nozzle according to the preferred embodiment can be used as a spinning device in an operating unit of a spinning machine, in particular a ring spinning machine, for spinning twisted yarn. The operating unit has a conventional drafting device for drawing the supplied sliver in a specified manner and a driveable spindle for supporting and rotatably carrying a blank tube, the spindle being rotatably supported together with the blank tube by a spindle rail, which is configured to perform a reciprocating stroke along the rotation axis of the spindle or blank tube while carrying the spindle with the blank tube. The operating unit further has a stationary delimiting sleeve, in whose hollow chamber the blank tube supported by the spindle is at least partially accommodated at the upper end position of its stroke. The multifunctional nozzle as a spinning device is arranged between the drafting device and the delimiting sleeve along the sliver transport direction. The sliver, drawn in a specified manner from the drafting device, is received by the multifunctional nozzle, guided through the through-passage of the defining section and the through-passage of the nozzle body, and spun into a yarn in the region of the flow guide using the existing vortex fluid flow. The yarn, entrained by the vortex fluid flow, is led from the flow guide in the direction of the spindle into the hollow chamber of the defining sleeve. To wind the empty tube, the spindle is rotated in the same direction as the vortex fluid flow acting in the multifunctional nozzle and reciprocated in a specified manner relative to the defining sleeve using a stroke motion, so that the specified winding of the empty tube occurs in the winding region along the empty tube's longitudinal axis. The co-rotation facilitates precise layering of the yarn in the winding region of the empty tube or winding of the empty tube along the empty tube's longitudinal axis. According to a preferred embodiment of the working unit of the ring spinning machine, the multifunctional nozzle, in conjunction with the defining sleeve, advantageously replaces the conventional ring traveler system. This replacement can eliminate the physical limitations of the ring traveler system, which can alternatively result in true twist yarn being produced at higher spinning speeds and wound onto empty tubes more quickly, thereby increasing productivity.

[0036] The twist applied by the multifunctional nozzle, particularly to the through-guide sliver, further enables the through-guide fiber material to be bundled, according to another preferred embodiment. In this configuration, according to another preferred aspect of the present invention, the multifunctional nozzle can be arranged in the sliver path in the sliver transport direction upstream of a roller pair of a drafting device, particularly upstream of a roller pair of a drafting device for a ring spinning frame, air spinning frame, or flyer machine, where the drafting device has at least two roller pairs that can be driven at different rotational speeds to draw the sliver that is guided through the roller pairs, thereby defining a drawing region between the roller pairs during operation of the drafting device. The sliver that is guided through the multifunctional nozzle is given a false twist under the drawing action during operation of the drafting device, especially when it is arranged between two roller pairs. This false twist is formed between the nip region of the roller pairs in the sliver transport direction and gradually intensifies in the sliver transport direction. The applied twist ensures that the sliver composite can be bundled. This is because any protruding edge fibers can be easily bound into the sliver composite, effectively thinning or converging the sliver composite along its width.

[0037] The present invention consequently provides means suitable for a wide variety of textile machines, in particular for a wide variety of spinning machines, by means of which yarn parameters such as hairiness, strength, stiffness and hand can be favorably influenced in relation to the type of application, while at the same time obtaining yarn structures that combine the advantages of open-end spun yarns with the advantages of ring yarns.Preferably, according to preferred embodiments, for further structural simplification, the multifunctional nozzle or its individual components, the spinning chamber and / or the defining sleeve, can be configured rotationally symmetrical with respect to a central axis extending along the longitudinal axis.

[0038] The above-mentioned uses of the multifunctional nozzle are merely examples: the multifunctional nozzle can be used in the manner described above by way of example, in particular in other types of textile machines, such as carding machines, drawing machines or flyers, in particular in combination with the respective drafting devices of these machines.

[0039] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment and the claims, which are based on the figures and drawings showing details essential to the invention. The individual features can be realized individually by themselves or in any combination with one another in one preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0040] The present invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of an embodiment shown in the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0041] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a multi-function nozzle according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a multi-function nozzle according to a second embodiment. [Figure 3] 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a multi-function nozzle according to one of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 taken along the cutting line AA. FIG. [Figure 4] 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an open-end spinning device equipped with a multifunction nozzle according to a third embodiment. FIG. [Figure 5] 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a spinning chamber according to one embodiment for an open-end spinning device equipped with a multifunctional nozzle according to a third embodiment. FIG. [Figure 6] 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a spinning device equipped with the multifunctional nozzle shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a draft device equipped with the multifunction nozzle shown in FIG. 1.

[0042] In the following description of the embodiments, the same or similar reference numerals are used for elements that function similarly and are shown in different figures, and repeated description of these elements will be omitted.

[0043] FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a multifunctional nozzle 100 according to a first embodiment. The multifunctional nozzle 100 has a pressurizable nozzle housing 2, which has a nozzle passage 2A extending along a longitudinal axis A of the nozzle housing 2 and which is open on one side along the longitudinal axis A. The nozzle housing 2 is a geometrically shaped hollow body with a cavity forming the nozzle passage 2A. In this embodiment, the nozzle housing 2 has a circular cross section perpendicular to its longitudinal axis A and is made of a plastic-containing material. The wall 2B of the nozzle housing 2 has a thickness and material composition that allows it to withstand prolonged pressurization with compressed air.

[0044] The nozzle housing 2 is formed with a compressed air inlet 13, which serves as a fluid inlet for generating a vortex air flow in the nozzle passage 2A. The compressed air inlet 13 extends into the nozzle passage 2A through the wall 2B having the fluid inlet opening. The compressed air inlet 13 is arranged inside a compressed air chamber 17 of a prechamber housing 14 for supplying compressed air. The prechamber housing 14 is arranged in the nozzle housing 2 and can be connected to a compressed air source via another compressed air inlet 3. In particular, as shown in FIG. 3 , which illustrates a preferred embodiment, the prechamber housing 14 with the compressed air chamber 17 completely surrounds the nozzle housing 2 in an annular shape, thereby allowing compressed air to be simultaneously supplied to multiple compressed air inlets 13 via the compressed air chambers 17, which are also formed in an annular shape. Overall, according to this embodiment, four compressed air inlets 13 are formed in the nozzle housing 2, and these compressed air inlets 13 are equally distributed around the entire circumference. Each of the four compressed air inlets 13 has a fluid inlet opening whose opening axis C is arranged in a plane (cutting plane AA in FIG. 3) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis direction A so that compressed air can flow tangentially into the nozzle passage 2A. The tangentially oriented opening axis C is further oriented in a direction toward the open end of the nozzle passage 2A at an angle greater than 0° and less than 90° with the perpendicular plane, thereby enabling the generation of an improved vortex air flow with reduced turbulence.

[0045] A nozzle body 1 is replaceably inserted into the nozzle channel 2A, and this nozzle body 1 has a through channel 15 extending along the longitudinal axis A for guiding the yarn F or sliver FB through. The cross section of the through channel 15 is appropriately adapted to the cross section of the yarn F or sliver FB to be guided through, so that the yarn F or sliver FB can be guided through the nozzle body 1. According to this embodiment, the inner diameter of the through channel 15 is adapted in terms of the cross section to the outer diameter of the yarn F or sliver FB to be guided through by at least 3% and at most 25% more, thereby ensuring an effective and particularly unhindered through-guide of the yarn F or sliver FB.

[0046] The nozzle body 1 is formed shorter than the nozzle passage 2A along the longitudinal axis direction A, so that the incoming compressed air can be guided past the free end of the nozzle body 1 in the nozzle housing 2, thereby generating an intake flow in the through passage 15.

[0047] At one end of the nozzle body 1, there is an arrangement in the nozzle passage 2A that closes off the defining part 1A from the nozzle housing 2 on one axial side and thus defines the nozzle passage 2A on one axial side, so that the nozzle passage 2A can be closed off remotely from the fluid inlet / compressed air inlet 13. The defining part 1A is formed integrally with the nozzle body 1 in this embodiment. The defining part 1A has a further through-passage 1B for the yarn F or sliver FB, which extends along the longitudinal axis A and is in communication with the through-passage 15 of the nozzle body 1. This further through-passage 1B and the through-passage 15 are arranged coaxially along the longitudinal axis A and are configured with the same cross-sectional shape.

[0048] According to an embodiment not shown, the defining part 1A may be configured as a separate part, which may be arranged directly on the nozzle body 1 in such a way that the further through-passage 1B merges directly into the through-passage 15 and supports the nozzle body 1, in particular by means of a material-, force- or form-locking connection.

[0049] Away from the delimiting portion 1A, the nozzle body 1 forms an annular gap 18 with the wall 2B of the nozzle housing 2 over the length of the nozzle body 1. The annular gap 18 extends along the longitudinal axis A in the nozzle passage 2A, towards which the annular gap 18 tapers on both sides along the longitudinal axis A, with a first narrowed portion 19 formed downstream of the compressed air inlet 13 in the longitudinal axis A, and a second narrowed portion 20 located at the level of the free end of the nozzle body 1. In this embodiment, the annular gap 18 forms a nozzle up to the respective first narrowed portion 19 and second narrowed portion 20, and forms a diffuser downstream of the first narrowed portion 19. This forms a flow chamber 5 in the annular gap 18 in the region of the compressed air inlet 13, from which the compressed air flow develops in the direction of the first narrowing point 19 after the compressed air enters via the compressed air inlet 13.

[0050] A hollow flow guide 7 is arranged downstream of the nozzle body 1 in the longitudinal axis direction A for guiding the yarn F or sliver FB along with the fluid between the annular gap 18 and the open end of the nozzle channel 2A. The flow guide 7 forms a rotation chamber 6 arranged downstream of the nozzle body 1. In this embodiment, the flow guide 7 is formed by the nozzle housing 2. FIG. 2 shows a multifunctional nozzle 200 according to another embodiment, which differs from the embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 1 in the design of the flow guide 7. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the flow guide 7 is formed as a separate element connected to the nozzle housing 2 within the nozzle channel 2A. For this purpose, its fixed end 7A is fixed within the nozzle channel 2A to the inside of the wall 2B of the nozzle housing 2. The flow guide 7 extends from the fixed end 7A to a free end 7B, which simultaneously defines the open end of the nozzle channel 2A in both embodiments. The flow guide body 7 in both embodiments is shaped in cross section along the longitudinal axis A like a Laval nozzle.

[0051] The multifunctional nozzles 100, 200 according to the above-described embodiments can be used to generate a vortex air flow W after the introduction of a pressurized fluid, in particular compressed air. After the introduction of compressed air via the compressed air inlet 13, a circular flow is generated in the flow chamber 5 around the nozzle body 1, which is directed in a circular direction around the nozzle body 1 in the direction of the first narrowed portion 19 due to the prevailing positive pressure and the demarcation portion 1A. According to the nozzle principle, the vortex air flow W is accelerated across the first narrowed portion 19 and the second narrowed portion 20. At the free end of the nozzle body 1, the accelerated vortex air flow W generates a negative pressure in the through-channel 15. This negative pressure generates a suction flow in the through-channel 15. This suction flow is suitable for introducing and withdrawing the yarn F or sliver FB in the introduction direction B. The vortex air flow W passing through the second narrowing point 20 and the free end of the nozzle body 1 rotates unhindered within the free section of the flow guide 7 which is arranged downstream of the nozzle body 1 and which defines the free section of the rotation chamber 6, and develops in the direction of the free end of the nozzle passage 2A. Due to the Laval-nozzle-like cross-sectional shape of the flow guide 7, the vortex air flow W is then accelerated axially in the direction of the open end of the nozzle passage 2A, in other words in the longitudinal axis direction A.

[0052] In interaction with the introduction of the yarn F or sliver FB, the yarn F or the introduced sliver FB introduced into the further through-passage 1B is sucked in the direction of the turning chamber 6 by means of a suction flow generated in the through-passage 15 and the further through-passage 1B when compressed air is supplied via the compressed air inlet 13. At the same time, the guided yarn F or the guided sliver FB is caused to rotate about its longitudinal axis and about the axis of the introduction direction B or the longitudinal axis A. The rotation about its own longitudinal axis is conditioned by a nipping point located outside the multifunctional nozzle 100, 200 in the direction opposite to the longitudinal axis A during the through-passage of the yarn or sliver. For example, nipping of the yarn F or sliver FB outside the multifunctional nozzle 100, 200 can be achieved via a yarn withdrawal device 12 or a yarn supply device, as will be described below with reference to preferred embodiments.

[0053] After emerging from the nozzle body 1, the yarn F or sliver FB introduced into the multifunctional nozzle 100, 200 is rotated with a larger rotation diameter around the axis of the introduction direction B, which is determined by the inner diameter of the rotating chamber 6 or the flow guide 7.

[0054] 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an open-end spinning device 400 according to an embodiment, including a multifunctional nozzle 300 according to a third embodiment. In the multifunctional nozzle 300 according to the third embodiment, the wall 2B of the nozzle housing 2 extends in the longitudinal direction A beyond the free end 7B of the flow guide 7 in addition to the multifunctional nozzle 200 according to the second embodiment. Furthermore, a fiber inlet 4 is formed in the wall 2B of the nozzle housing 2, located downstream of the fixed end 7A of the flow guide 7 in the longitudinal direction A. The fiber inlet 4 opens into an intermediate chamber formed between the flow guide 7 and the wall 2B of the nozzle housing 2, which defines a fiber passage 4A. The fiber inlet 4 can be connected to a fiber supply device, such as a fiberizing unit known from the rotor spinning industry, so that the multifunctional nozzle 300 can be supplied with defibrated or individualized fibers FS via the fiber passage 4A.

[0055] The axial end of the spinning chamber housing 8 is exchangeably connected to the end of the nozzle housing 2 by means of a wall 2B extending beyond the flow guide 7 in the longitudinal axis A. In the preferred embodiment, the connection is realized by an airtight press fit between the opposing ends of the nozzle housing 2 and the spinning chamber housing 8, and the ends can be releasably and securely pulled out and fitted along the longitudinal axis A to exchange the spinning chamber housing 8. The spinning chamber housing 8 has a cross-sectional shape similar to that of a Laval nozzle along the longitudinal axis A. The converging spinning chamber housing segment arranged downstream of the nozzle housing 2 in the longitudinal axis A forms the spinning chamber 9. The spinning chamber housing 8 has a fiber outlet 16 in the expanding spinning chamber housing segment, which can be connected to a vacuum source.

[0056] The open-end spinning device 400 includes a yarn pull-off device 12 arranged along the yarn path for controlling and withdrawing the yarn F air-spun by the multifunctional nozzle 300 from the multifunctional nozzle 300. In this embodiment, the yarn pull-off device 12 is formed by a settable pair of drivable rollers. Alternatively, the yarn pull-off device 12 may be realized, for example, by a winding device configured to wind a winding package, with winding simultaneously carrying out yarn pull-off. Furthermore, the yarn pull-off device 12 may be realized by a yarn storage device capable of storing a set amount of yarn. Such a yarn storage device facilitates continuous spinning, particularly during the elimination of a yarn breakage, for example, using a yarn splicing device.

[0057] The open-end spinning device 400 can be used to perform an open-end spinning method for producing twisted yarns. To this end, in particular, during the spinning start process, positive pressure can be applied at the compressed air inlet 3 to allow compressed air to flow in, and negative pressure can be applied at the fiber outlet 16. This can be done simultaneously or in any desired order. The multifunctional nozzle 300 can then be provided with or regularly introduced into another through-passage 1B of the yarn F. The generated positive pressure generates a suction flow in the other through-passage 1B, which ensures that the yarn end is sucked into the other through-passage 1B or guides it through the through-passage 15 of the nozzle body 1 into the rotating chamber 6. The vortex air flow W generated by the positive pressure, supported and facilitated by the negative pressure, exerts a force on the yarn end introduced into the rotating chamber 6, thereby rotating the yarn end or yarn F and entraining it in the longitudinal axis direction A. A fiber supply device is then activated to supply the individual fibers FS. The negative pressure or suction flow present at the fiber inlet 4 feeds the individualized fibers FS from the fiberizing unit connected to the fiber inlet 4. The individualized fibers FS are entrained by the vortex air flow W at the end of the nozzle body 1 into the spinning chamber 9 while rotating. The yarn ends and the individualized fibers FS can be fed simultaneously or staggered in any desired order. The individualized fibers FS can typically be fed continuously or intermittently, as needed. When the yarn ends and fibers FS arrive in the spinning chamber 9 entrained by the vortex air flow W, the rotating individualized fibers FS adhere to the similarly rotating yarn ends, resulting in a new air-spun yarn section with a real twist and no internal untwisted core. The excess fibers FS are simultaneously discharged via the fiber outlet 16 using the negative pressure present.The yarn F is drawn out from the multifunctional nozzle 300 in the direction opposite to the yarn end introduction direction B using the yarn drawing device 12 at a drawing speed when negative and positive pressures are present during the feeding of the individualized fibers FS, and this drawing speed allows for the continuous gathering of the individualized fibers FS at the newly formed yarn end for air spinning the actual twisted yarn F.

[0058] 5 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a spinning chamber 9 for an open-end spinning device 400 equipped with a multifunctional nozzle 300 according to the third embodiment. Transversely to the longitudinal axis A, the spinning chamber 9 has a cross-sectional shape similar to that of a rotor cup interior, with an inner diameter on which the openings of the flow guide 7, the fiber channel 4A, and the fiber outlet 16 are arranged for communication with the spinning chamber 9. According to this embodiment, the openings of the flow guide 7 are arranged radially inward and coaxially with the spinning chamber 9 with a circular cross-section, the openings of the fiber outlet 16 are arranged radially outward with a cross-section in the form of an annular gap surrounding the openings of the flow guide 7, and the openings of the fiber channel 4A are arranged radially between the openings of the flow guide 7 and the openings of the fiber outlet 16 with a cross-section in the form of an annular gap surrounding the openings of the flow guide 7. The operation and function of the spinning chamber 9 according to this preferred embodiment is the same as that of the previously described spinning chamber 9. The use of a spinning chamber 9 resembling a rotor cup interior with such a cross section allows for a compact construction and the use of the already well-known and highly successful rotor cup geometry.

[0059] FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a spinning device 500 equipped with the multifunctional nozzle 200 shown in FIG. 2. The spinning device 500 is assigned a sliver supply device 10, which in this embodiment is formed by a pair of outlet rollers of a drafting device 600 for precisely drawing the sliver FB. The spinning device 500 is equipped with a multifunctional nozzle 200 according to a second embodiment for receiving the drawn sliver FB. Arranged downstream of the multifunctional nozzle 200 in the introduction direction B or feed direction of the sliver FB is a delimiting sleeve 11, which is followed by a rotatably driven spindle 21. The spindle 21 is designed to rotatably support an empty tube 22, particularly so as to entrain it in the same direction of rotation as the vortex fluid flow W generated in the multifunctional nozzle 200. The spindle 21 with the empty tube 22 is rotatably supported by a spindle rail (not shown). The spindle rail is configured to perform a linear reciprocating stroke along the rotation axis of the spindle 21 or the blank tube 22 while carrying the spindle 21 with the blank tube 22. To this end, the delimiting sleeve 11 has a hollow chamber 11A in which the blank tube 22 supported by the spindle 21 can be at least partially accommodated at the upper end position of its stroke. The multifunctional nozzle 200 is connected to the delimiting sleeve 11 so that the yarn F generated by the multifunctional nozzle 200 can be transferred seamlessly from the nozzle passage 2A into the hollow chamber 11A, thereby allowing the blank tube 22 to be wound onto a defined winding area during the stroke of the spindle rail relative to the delimiting sleeve 11, which involves the rotation of the spindle 21 with the blank tube 22. In principle, the above-described structure is similar to the working unit of a ring spinning frame, except that the multifunctional nozzle 200 with the delimiting sleeve 11 is used instead of the conventional ring traveler system. This replacement of the ring traveler system facilitates the elimination of the physical limitations imposed by this system, thereby allowing the true twist yarn F to be produced at higher spinning speeds than with a typical ring spinning machine, thereby resulting in faster winding onto the hollow bobbin 22 and increased productivity.

[0060] 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a drafting device 600 equipped with the multifunctional nozzle 100 shown in FIG. 1. The drafting device 600 has a number of roller pairs 23, 24 arranged along a sliver transport direction corresponding to the longitudinal axis A of the multifunctional nozzle 100. The roller pairs 23, 24 can generally be driven at different rotational speeds in order to precisely stretch the sliver FB transported by the roller pairs 23, 24. This forms corresponding stretching zones between the roller pairs 23, 24. In this embodiment, the multifunctional nozzle 100 is arranged in the stretching zone between the two roller pairs 23, 24 to receive the sliver FB from one roller pair 23 and guide it further to the other roller pair 24. The sliver FB guided through the multifunctional nozzle 100 is false-twisted in the presence of positive pressure at the fluid inlet / compressed air inlet 13 during continued operation of the drafting device 600, and this false twist becomes stronger and stronger in the sliver transport direction up to the nip region of the roller pair 24 arranged downstream of the multifunctional nozzle 100. The sliver composite can be reliably converged using the active twist, since any protruding edge fibers can be easily bundled into the sliver composite, effectively thinning or concentrating the sliver composite along its width direction.

[0061] The embodiments described and shown above are chosen merely as examples, and the various embodiments can be combined with one another either entirely or with respect to individual features, and one embodiment can also be supplemented with the features of another embodiment.

[0062] If an example includes the conjunction "and / or" between a first feature and a second feature, this means that the example has both the first feature and the second feature according to one embodiment, and only the first feature or only the second feature according to another embodiment. [Explanation of symbols]

[0063] 1 nozzle body 1A Definition part 1B Another passage 2 nozzle housing 2A Nozzle passage 2B Nozzle housing wall 3 Separate compressed air inlet 4 Fiber inlet 4A Fiber passage 5 Flow Chamber 6 Rotation chamber 7 Flow guide 7A Fixed end of flow guide 7B Free end of flow guide 8 Spinning chamber housing 9 Spinning Room 10 Sliver supply device 11 Defining sleeve 11A Defining sleeve hollow chamber 12 Thread pull-out device 13 Compressed air inlet 14 Vestibule housing 15 Passageway 16 Fiber outlet 17 Compressed Air Chamber 18 Annular gap 19 First narrow point 20 Second narrow section 21 Spindle 22 empty tube 23,24 Laura vs. 100, 200, 300 Multi-function nozzle 400 Open-end spinning machine 500 Spinning Equipment 600 Draft Device A Longitudinal axis direction B. Direction of yarn or sliver introduction C Opening axis F thread FB sliver FS Fiber W vortex air flow

Claims

1. A multifunctional nozzle (100; 200; 300) for a spinning machine, comprising: a pressurizable nozzle housing (2) having a nozzle passage (2A) extending along a longitudinal axis (A) of the nozzle housing (2), the nozzle passage (2A) being open on one side along the longitudinal axis (A); a fluid inlet (13) for introducing a pressurized fluid into the nozzle passage (2A) to generate a vortex fluid flow (W) within the nozzle passage (2A); a nozzle body (1) for being disposed in the nozzle passage (2A) or formed in the nozzle passage (2) by the nozzle housing (2), the nozzle body (1) being shorter than the nozzle passage (2A) along the longitudinal axis direction (A) and having a through passage (15) extending along the longitudinal axis direction (A) for guiding a yarn (F) or a sliver (FB) therethrough; an annular gap (18) extending along the longitudinal axis (A) within the nozzle passage (2A), the annular gap (18) having at least one narrow portion (19) tapered from both sides along the longitudinal axis (A), the narrow portion (19) being positioned downstream of the fluid inlet (13) along the longitudinal axis (A); a defining part (1A) for closing and forming the nozzle housing (2) or for arranging the part in the nozzle passage (2A) on the side opposite the narrow point (19) of the fluid inlet (13), the defining part (1A) having a separate through passage (1B) for the yarn (F) or the sliver (FB) extending along the longitudinal axis (A) for communication with the through passage (15) of the nozzle body (1); a hollow flow guide (7) for guiding the yarn (F) or the sliver (FB) by accompanying it with a fluid between the annular gap (18) and the open end of the nozzle passage (2A); Equipped with The annular gap (18) is formed between the nozzle body (1) and the nozzle housing (2) and / or the flow guide (7). Multifunctional nozzle (100; 200; 300).

2. 2. A multifunctional nozzle (100; 200; 300) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid inlet (13) has two or more fluid inlet openings leading into the nozzle passage (2A) and distributed over the entire circumference, the fluid inlet openings being arranged in particular in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (A) and in particular for introducing the pressurized fluid tangentially into the annular gap (18).

3. 3. A multifunctional nozzle (100; 200; 300) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the defining part (1A) is formed by the nozzle body (1) or supports the nozzle body (1).

4. 4. The multifunctional nozzle (100; 200; 300) according to claim 1, wherein the annular gap (18) and / or the flow guide (7) have a cross-sectional shape along the longitudinal axis (A) similar to that of a Laval nozzle.

5. 5. The multifunctional nozzle (100; 200; 300) according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle body (1) has a cross-sectional shape resembling a candle flame in a cross-sectional plane extending through the central longitudinal axis of the through-passage (15) of the nozzle body (1).

6. 6. The multifunctional nozzle (200; 300) according to claim 1, wherein the flow guide (7) is formed by a separate element from the nozzle housing (2), the separate element being arranged in particular coaxially with the nozzle housing (2) and having a fixed end (7A) spaced apart from the defining portion (1A) and connected to the nozzle housing (2), and a free end (7B) formed on the side of the flow guide (7) opposite the defining portion (1A), the free end (7B) having an outer diameter that is in particular smaller than the outer diameter of the narrow section (19).

7. 7. The multifunctional nozzle according to claim 1, further comprising: a fiber supply device (4, 4A) for supplying individualized fibers (FS), the fiber supply device (4, 4A) having a fiber inlet (4) and a fiber channel (4A) that is connected to the fiber inlet (4) and that is arranged downstream in the fiber conveying direction; and a spinning chamber (9) that is arranged downstream of the flow guide (7) in the longitudinal axis (A), the flow guide (7) and the fiber channel (4A) opening into the spinning chamber (9) along the longitudinal axis (A), the spinning chamber (9) having a fiber outlet (16) for discharging excess fibers (FS), the fiber outlet (16) being separate from the openings of the flow guide (7) and the fiber channel (4A) and connectable to a negative pressure source.

8. 8. The multifunctional nozzle (300) according to claim 7, characterized in that the spinning chamber (9) is formed by a spinning chamber housing (8) which is exchangeably connectable or connected to the nozzle housing (2).

9. 9. The multifunctional nozzle according to claim 8, wherein the nozzle housing (2) has a wall (2B) that radially defines the fiber passage (4A) on the outside, the wall (2B) extending beyond the flow guide (7) in the direction of the spinning chamber (9) and configured as a connecting element for exchangeably connecting the spinning chamber housing (8) to the nozzle housing (2).

10. 10. The multifunctional nozzle (300) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the spinning chamber (9) has, along its longitudinal axis, a cross-sectional shape similar to that of a Laval nozzle.

11. 9. The multifunctional nozzle (300) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the spinning chamber (9) has a cross-sectional shape along its longitudinal axis similar to the interior of a rotor cup, and the openings of the flow guide (7), the fiber channel (4A), and the fiber outlet (16) are arranged along the inner diameter of the cross-sectional shape for communication with the spinning chamber (9).

12. An open-end spinning apparatus (400) for spinning a true twisted yarn (F), comprising a spinning device for spinning the yarn (F) from a supply of individualized fibers (FS), comprising:

12. An open-end spinning device (400), characterized in that the spinning device is formed by a multifunctional nozzle (300) according to any one of claims 7 to 11.

13. In an open-end spinning process for producing a true twisted yarn (F), A multifunctional nozzle (300) according to any one of claims 7 to 11 is provided as a spinning device, a pressurized fluid is admitted through a fluid inlet (13) into the annular gap (18) of said multi-function nozzle (300) to generate a vortex fluid flow (W); Applying negative pressure to the fiber outlet (16) of the spinning chamber housing (8), introducing the yarn end of the yarn (F) into the spinning chamber (9) of the multifunctional nozzle (300) through the through passage (1B) of the defining portion (1A) and the through passage (15) of the nozzle body (1); The individualized fibers (FS) are flowed into the multi-function nozzle (300) through a fiber inlet (4) and a fiber passage (4A); The yarn (F) is drawn out from the multifunctional nozzle (300) at a specified drawing speed using a yarn drawing device (12) in a direction opposite to the direction of introduction (B) of the yarn end when negative and positive pressures are present during the feeding of the individualized fibers (FS). An open-end spinning method characterized by:

14. 1. An operating unit of a spinning machine for spinning a true twisted yarn (F), comprising: a drafting device (600) for drawing the supplied sliver (FB) in a prescribed manner; a spinning device for producing the twisted yarn (F) from the drawn sliver (FB) supplied from the draft device (600); a drivable spindle (21) for supporting and rotatably carrying an empty tube (22), the spindle (21) being rotatably supported together with the empty tube (22) by a spindle rail, the spindle rail being configured to perform a linear reciprocating stroke movement along the axis of rotation of the spindle (21) or the empty tube (22) while carrying the spindle (21) with the empty tube (22); a defining sleeve (11) having a hollow chamber (11A) in which the hollow tube (22) supported by the spindle (21) is at least partially accommodated at an upper end position of the linear reciprocating stroke; In a working unit comprising: 11A is a schematic diagram of a working unit for winding a sliver into a hollow tube (22) according to an embodiment of the present invention; 12B is a schematic diagram of a working unit for winding a sliver into a hollow tube (22) according to an embodiment of the present invention; 13A is a schematic diagram of a working unit for winding a sliver into a hollow tube (22) according to an embodiment of the present invention; 14A is a schematic diagram of a working unit for winding a sliver into a hollow tube (22) according to an embodiment of the present invention; 15A is a schematic diagram of a working unit for winding a sliver into a hollow tube (22) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

15. A drafting device (600) for drawing a supplied sliver (FB) in a defined manner, the drafting device (600) comprising at least two pairs of rollers (23, 24), the pairs of rollers (23, 24) being drivable at different rotational speeds from each other, A drafting device (600) comprising a multifunctional nozzle (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the multifunctional nozzle (100) is arranged upstream of one roller pair (23, 24) of the at least two roller pairs (23, 24) in the sliver transport direction in the sliver running path.

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