Improved containment dikes

Abstract

To form a section of a dike for fluid containment.SOLUTION: An apparatus for containing a fluid within a containment area comprises: a first containment tube 10a on a ground surface having a first end 41a; a second containment tube 10b on a ground surface having a second end 41b which is connected to the first end 41a to form a connection portion; and a water-tight vapor sleeve 400 extending over at least the connection portion, for preventing water from entering a cavity which is an area within the water-tight vapor sleeve 400 and includes a space surrounding the connection portion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4C

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 155,269, filed August 30, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Additionally, this application is related to U.S. Patent No. 6,641,329, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to flexible containment tubes for embankments, and in particular to improving their resilience and serviceability in the field. [Background technology]

[0003] Many systems have been used to control the spread of floodwaters or fluid runoff. One of the most common means for containing or diverting liquid flow is sandbagging, in which empty bags are filled with sand and piled up to form temporary dikes. Sandbagging to temporarily divert liquid flow has certain drawbacks, including the financial cost of producing the sandbags, the financial cost of the sand fill material, the time cost of filling the empty sandbags, and the difficulty of removing filled sandbags when they are no longer needed. Additionally, temporary sandbag dikes are effective at diverting some liquid flow but are not sufficient to contain the liquid.

[0004] In other areas, particularly those related to longer-term above-ground fluid storage and diversion, expensive infrastructure and / or construction methods are required to contain and divert fluids. For example, for long-term containment, pools are dug with heavy machinery, or permanent containment structures, such as tanks, are transported and installed or constructed on-site. While such methods are effective for permanent containment or diversion of fixed volumes of liquid, they involve significant cost and labor to implement. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Overview Historically, sandbags have been constructed on-site (or constructed and delivered off-site) to manually create barriers to temporarily contain or divert fluid flow. This method of fluid containment and diversion barrier construction is extraordinarily time-consuming, requiring large teams of people to construct and / or place the sandbags, and additionally requires large quantities of specific raw material (sand) to fill the sandbags. Furthermore, demolition of the barrier requires an equally large team of people to facilitate removal of the raw material from the barrier site.

[0006] In other areas of fluid containment, large earthen or other man-made containment ponds are constructed by excavating large areas of level land or by constructing an earthen barrier on top of it, often utilizing a (e.g., poured concrete) pad to receive and transport fluids. A large portion of the level land for the pad supports fluid storage, and excavating (or moving material around) the pad requires a significant amount of labor and machinery. Additionally, constructing the pad with concrete requires a significant amount of material and transportation to the construction site. Furthermore, the concrete itself must be allowed to cure (dry) before use in fluid containment. Exemplary containment pond structures created on pads include an above-ground pond constructed on the area excavated for the pad and / or a level surface.

[0007] The disadvantages of the above fluid containment techniques extend beyond the cost and labor required to implement. For example, sandbag containment structures are relatively simple to construct, but are most effective at temporary diversion, not containment. Thus, from the perspective of mitigating flood damage, sandbag barriers can prevent structures (e.g., homes) from being washed away through the diversion of flowing water, but are not sufficient to prevent the intrusion of stagnant water. With more permanent structures more effective than sandbags, it is often impractical to use them in mitigating flood damage in a similar manner to sandbags, just prior to a potential flood event. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] Large, flexible containment tubes reduce dependency on specific raw materials, lower installation costs, and reduce the number of personnel required to construct a barrier of a given length and height for fluid diversion and containment. For example, one large containment tube (or tubes) can replace dozens or hundreds of sandbags to construct a section of barrier during a flood for fluid diversion and containment of floodwaters. In another example, one large tube can replace a more permanent structure for fluid containment. Furthermore, filling the tubes can be accomplished through the use of any liquid substance, such as water, ready-mix concrete, other fluids, or even through the use of expanding and hardening foams (e.g., polyurethane foam, etc.) or gases, which can be pumped into the tubes in certain configurations.

[0009] The material for filling the tube may depend on the application, for example, water may be used in the case of a temporary barrier constructed to divert flood water, or in another example, concrete may be used in the case of a more permanent barrier for fluid containment, where the concrete, when dry, forms the barrier instead of the main body of the tube itself. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] The teachings of the embodiments can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates an earthen anchor for securing a diversion embankment in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 2] FIG. 1 illustrates an earthen anchor for securing a vapor barrier according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3A] 1 illustrates a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion embankment in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 3B1]1 illustrates a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion embankment in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 3B2] 1 illustrates a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion embankment in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 3C1] 1 illustrates a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion embankment in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 3C2] 1 illustrates a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion embankment in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; [Figure 4A] FIG. 1 illustrates an integral vapor barrier on a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4B] FIG. 1 illustrates an integral vapor barrier on a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4C] FIG. 1 illustrates an integral vapor barrier on a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5] 1 illustrates a sleeve end for a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6A] 1 illustrates a flexible containment tube connector according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6B] 1 illustrates a flexible containment tube connector according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7A1] 10A-10C illustrate flexible containment tube abutments according to exemplary embodiments. [Figure 7A2] 10A-10C illustrate flexible containment tube abutments according to exemplary embodiments. [Figure 7B1] 10A-10C illustrate flexible containment tube abutments according to exemplary embodiments. [Figure 7B2] 10A-10C illustrate flexible containment tube abutments according to exemplary embodiments. [Figure 7C] 10A-10C illustrate flexible containment tube abutments according to exemplary embodiments. [Figure 7D]10A-10C illustrate flexible containment tube abutments according to exemplary embodiments. [Figure 7E] 10A-10C illustrate flexible containment tube abutments according to exemplary embodiments. [Figure 8A] FIG. 1 illustrates a valve system for a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8B] FIG. 1 illustrates a valve system for a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8C] FIG. 1 illustrates a valve system for a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 illustrates the increasing force of hydrostatic pressure with height of confined fluid. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 illustrates the downward force on a confined fluid increasing with the hydrostatic force as the height of the confined fluid increases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The figures and the following description relate to preferred embodiments by way of example only. It should be noted that from the following discussion, alternative embodiments of the structures and methods disclosed herein will be readily apparent as viable alternatives that may be employed without departing from the principles of the embodiments.

[0012] Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying figures. It should be noted that wherever possible, like or similar reference numerals may be used among the figures to indicate like or similar functionality. The figures depict embodiments for illustrative purposes only.

[0013] In one implementation, multiple flexible containment tubes can form sections of a flood diversion levee. For example, multiple vinyl-coated polyester tubes with a diameter of 19 inches (48.26 cm) can be filled with water and stacked on top of each other to create a temporary diversion levee. Multiple sections of the levee can be abutted together to form a longer section of levee. These temporary sections can be built by stacking multiple tubes in a pyramid fashion and filling each flexible containment tube with water from an impending flood or from a local water hydrant (or other means). The containment tubes can be secured together with polyester ties and fastened to the ground with anchors, such as screw-type anchors (ground stakes). Additionally, vapor barriers or plastic membranes can be wrapped around the dike sections and / or threaded through the flexible containment tubing as they are installed prior to filling to create seepage barriers and strengthen the dike sections (e.g., within and between abutting dike sections). Further, ground sheet weights and / or additional ground anchors can secure the portions of the vapor barrier that extend into the containment area.

[0014] Exemplary Fluid Containment Tubes and Associated Structures FIG. 1 illustrates an earthen anchor for securing a diversion embankment, according to an example embodiment. As shown, a section of the diversion embankment 100 includes multiple flexible containment tubes 10 stacked in a pyramidal shape. That is, for a pyramidal-type shape, a base layer includes multiple tubes, with the number of tubes decreasing as additional layers are added. As shown, the illustrated section of the diversion embankment 100 has a 3-2-1 pyramidal configuration, which has a base layer (e.g., the first layer) of three tubes 10a, 10b, 10c, which decreases by one for each subsequent layer (e.g., tubes 10d, 10e in the second layer, and tube 10f in the top layer). Other configurations may include additional or fewer base tubes in the first layer and may have a top layer including two or more tubes. For example, pyramid configurations such as 4-3-2-1, 5-4-3, 5-3-2-1, etc. may be implemented.

[0015] In one embodiment, tube 10 is a flexible fluid containment structure that is installed in a desired configuration, such as alone or in pyramidal shaped dike sections 100 as illustrated in FIG. 1 . Tubes 10 can be installed end-to-end to create diversion dikes that are longer than the tube body itself. In some embodiments, dike sections 100 can be arranged to form an enclosure or enclosed area (e.g., square, circular, rectangular, or other shape) to either hold fluid for containment or divert fluid. In such cases, the positions of the tube ends can be staggered. Thus, for example, when additional diversion dike sections are abutted together to create a longer barrier or to create an angle between one dike section and another, the ends of tube 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 may not be coplanar but can be staggered.

[0016] An exemplary flexible containment tube 10, when filled, is approximately 100 feet (30.48 m) long, has a diameter ranging from 1 foot (30.48 cm) to over 3 feet (91.44 cm), and has a capacity of 750,000 gallons (2839 m). 3 ) can have a volume exceeding 100 lbs. Thus, tube weights can range from roughly 3 tons to much greater weights based on the dimensions and the material utilized to fill it (e.g., water vs. concrete, or significantly lighter when utilizing gas). Prior to filling, the tubes can be rolled along their length for compact storage and transportation. Due to their flexible nature, lengths of each containment tube 10 can be positioned to assume nearly any shape when emptied, e.g., a square, a "7," an arc, etc., to build barriers around structures and avoid obstacles. For example, in areas where trees, other obstacles, or property lines need to be considered, the tubes 10 can be easily positioned around the trees or other obstacles when emptied and then filled.

[0017] The tube 10 itself is configured to store a fluid, such as water or gas (e.g., air), concrete, or other substance, which may be readily available on-site. Valves may be disposed within the flexible body of the flexible containment tube to receive fluid from a connection to a filling device, which facilitates the flow of fluid into the tube through the one or more valves. The valves may further be configured to prevent undesired fluid release. Thus, once installed in a desired configuration around an obstruction, the one or more tubes may be filled via a fluid filling device coupled to the valves. An exemplary fluid filling device may include a pump, hose, or pipe, which may be supplied with fluid by a pump or gravity, and, in the case of gas, by a pressurized canister or compressor. In practice, for example, once the base layer of tubes 10a-c is installed, they can be filled via a filling device, such as a hose and pump connected to valves disposed within each tube, and additional tubes (e.g., tubes 10d-f or abutting tubes (not shown)) can be installed and then filled via the filling device as desired to provide on-demand fluid containment or redirection.

[0018] The tube 10 or multiple tubes (e.g., in a pyramidal configuration) can be secured in a variety of ways, some of which are illustrated by way of example with respect to the diversion embankment section 100. According to one embodiment, the tube 10 can include one or more strap loops 32 coupled to the flexible body of the tube. The strap loops 32 have a diameter large enough to accommodate straps 13 of a given width. For example, a given strap loop 32 can have a diameter of 2.75 inches (6.985 cm) to accommodate straps 13 having a maximum width of 2.5 inches (6.35 cm), a diameter of 3.25 inches (8.255 cm) to accommodate straps 13 having a maximum width of 3 inches (7.62 cm), and so on. The strap loops 32 coupled to the flexible body of the tube 10 help prevent shifting of the tubes along their length with the use of corresponding straps 13, and further help maintain the position of the tubes in their desired configuration with respect to the embankment section 100. Although only two strap loops 32a, 32b are shown, i.e., one for each of tubes 10a and 10c, tubes 10a and 10c can include additional strap loops 32 positioned around and under their flexible bodies as desired. Additionally, other tubes can include strap loops (not shown) for accommodating straps 13 adjacent to their flexible bodies. For example, one or more of tubes 10b, 10d, 10f, and 10e can include strap loops coupled to their flexible bodies such that straps 13 can be inserted through the strap loops to maintain the tube's position. In larger pyramid formations, e.g., a 4-3-2-1, the inner tube 10 is not adjacent to a given strap 13 wrapped around the exterior of the embankment section; straps can be interwoven between the tubes and / or additional straps can be utilized.For example, a first strap may be utilized to wrap around the exterior of a 4-3-2-1 embankment section, and a second strap may be utilized to wrap around the 3-2-1 portion, which may further be inserted through strap loops connected to the tubes that make up the four tube base layers.

[0019] As shown, strap 13 is threaded through strap loops 32a, 32b on tubes 10a and 10c, respectively, and around embankment section 100 to secure tubes 10 of the embankment section together. Although not shown, strap 13 may be threaded through any additional number of strap loops (also not shown) on other tubes. As explained above, strap loops 32 and strap 13 help prevent shifting of the tubes along their length, maintaining the tubes in their desired configuration with respect to embankment section 100, but they do not prevent shifting of the entire embankment section 100 relative to the ground 101.

[0020] In one embodiment, earth anchors 3 secured to the ground 101 help prevent shifting of individual tubes or embankment sections 100 relative to the ground 101. As shown, earth anchors (e.g., 3a and 3b) can be installed adjacent to the body of the tube (e.g., 10a and 10c) at the base level edges and along their lengths. Exemplary earth anchor 3a includes a ground fastening mechanism, such as a pile 5 and a pile-driving portion 7. For example, the driving portion 7 is an opening in earth anchor 3a that can accept pile 5. The pile 5 and driving portion 7 can be configured such that the driving portion can accept the tip and shaft of a pile driven into the ground 101, but not the other end of the pile. In this way, once pile 5 is fully driven into the ground 101 through the driving portion 7, anchor 3a cannot be removed from pile 5. In other words, once the pile 5 is driven into the ground 101 through the pile driving portion 7, the earth anchor 3a remains fixed in the ground 101 until the pile 5 is removed from the ground 101.

[0021] The embodiment of the pile 5 can differ based on the composition of the ground 101. For example, piles 5 for a concrete surface can be different from piles for soil, clay, sand, etc. Additionally, different lengths of the piles 5 can be selected to reach specific depths into the ground 101 based on the ground type. For example, piles 5 for concrete can be of shorter length than piles for soil, but they can offer similar resistance to removal. The piles 5 can be configured with a helical ridge, similar to that of a screw, beginning at the tip that is driven into the ground 101 and extending up the shaft to the opposite end, such that rotating the pile in one direction drives the tip of the pile further into the ground 101 and rotating the pile in the opposite direction moves the pile back out of the ground.

[0022] The earth anchor 3 can include a strap loop 9 disposed therein, and a strap 13 around the tube 10 can be threaded through or otherwise attached to the strap loop 9 (e.g., at the end of the strap). The strap loop 9 can be configured to have a diameter similar to that of the strap loop (e.g., 32a) and can accept the strap 13. The inclusion of the strap loop 9 secures the earth anchor 3 to the adjacent tube 10 and also secures the tube to the anchor. For example, as shown, the strap 13 is threaded through the strap loop 9 of the earth anchor 3a and secures the earth anchor 3a to the body of the tube 10a. In some embodiments, only the stake 5 can be used, in which case the top end of the stake 5 includes a strap loop for accepting the strap 13. An exemplary strap loop at the top end of the stake 5 can be a metal eye or a hook with a diameter or opening sufficient to accept the strap 13 itself.

[0023] One or more additional earth anchors (not shown) may be installed along the length of the body of tube 10a, as desired. Additionally, as shown, earth anchors 3a, 3b may be installed on each side of embankment section 100 (or, in other embodiments, individual tubes) along its length. Earth anchor 3b is configured in a similar manner to earth anchor 3a and can secure anchor 3b relative to tube 10c and ground 101 and prevent shifting of embankment section 100 relative to the ground.

[0024] The number of anchors 3 per length of the dike section 100 may be determined by the length of the dike section and the height of the dike section. The taller the dike section 100, the more anchors 3 may be used. This is because the horizontal force of the contained fluid against the dike section increases with the depth of the contained fluid. This horizontal force is known as hydrostatic pressure, or Hk, and it is characterized by the specific weight of the contained fluid (r) and the square of the depth of the contained fluid (h). Specifically, Hk=(r / 2)*h 2 and the line of action of Hk is h / 3 above the base of the dike section. The dike section 100 must resist the hydrostatic pressure to remain in place. Briefly referring to FIG. 9, a graph illustrates the exponential increase in force (at 1000 lb (453.6 kg)) per 10 feet (3.048 m) of dike section 100 due to hydrostatic pressure as the height in inches of contained fluid increases. In one embodiment, approximately three anchors 3, each comprising a stake providing 2 to 10 tons of anchoring force, are utilized per pyramidal tube 10 per 100 ft (30.48 m) length of dike section 100 (because the number of tubes correlates to the height of the dike section and, therefore, to the potential height of the contained fluid). The above anchoring schemes may incorporate a factor of safety to protect against additional horizontal forces, such as wave action, that increase the force that the dike section 100 must withstand alone against hydrostatic pressure. For example, if the anchoring force provided by the multiple piles utilized per dike section is closely matched to the hydrostatic pressure, the weight of the tube itself, along with other strengthening features described herein (e.g., the inclusion of a vapor barrier extending into the containment area), may provide a sufficient factor of safety.

[0025] FIG. 2 illustrates an earthen anchor for securing a vapor barrier 15, according to an exemplary embodiment. The earthen anchor 3 shown in FIG. 2 may be of a similar configuration to that of FIG. 1. For example, the earthen anchor 3 may include a strap loop (not shown) for securing the anchor to the tube 10a with a strap, which may be wrapped around the dike section 200 or through the tube 10 within the dike section. The tube 10 of the dike section 200 itself is shown of a similar configuration to that of FIG. 1.

[0026] In comparison to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the dike section 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes a vapor barrier 15 to provide additional resistance to fluid intrusion through the dike section 200. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 is a waterproof material, such as polyvisqueen, or other material that prevents fluid intrusion through its surface. In certain embodiments, the polyvisqueen is between 5 and 15 millimeters thick. In some embodiments, the polyvisqueen is reinforced with an embedded webbing material, such as nylon strands (e.g., string).

[0027] Depending on the configuration, the vapor barrier 15 can be wrapped over, under, and / or through the tubes of the dike section 200. Additionally, the vapor barrier 15 can extend along a portion or the entire length of the dike section 200 and can include multiple overlapping sections to extend the entire or partial length of the dike section. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 extends the length of the dike section 200, with the tube ends abutting against each other (e.g., at the junction of two dike sections 200), creating a dike section that is longer than the tube 10 itself. The junction of the two dike sections 200 can be in-line, at an angle, or in other configurations. In the case of pyramidal levee section 200, one or more tubes may be staggered to facilitate the bend (e.g., tubes 10b, 10c, 10e inside the barrier may be staggered back from tubes 10a, 10d, 10f for a right-angle bend). Similarly, corresponding tubes of additional levee sections may be configured (e.g., staggered) so that they abut tubes 10 of levee section 200 to form a right-angle bend joint.

[0028] The vapor barrier 15 configuration can include a portion extending from beneath the rear 15b of the embankment section 200 and a portion extending up the front 15a of the embankment section from the front base of the embankment section forming part of the containment area. In the illustrated configuration, the vapor barrier 15 extends beneath earthen anchors 3, which secure the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101 through the driving of piles 5 into the ground 101 through the vapor barrier. Additionally, the vapor barrier 15 can be folded at the rear portion 15b such that the front portion 15a extends up the front face of the embankment section 200 from the front base of the embankment section, and an additional portion 15c can extend from the front base of the embankment section along the ground 101 into the fluid containment area. Additional portion 15c may extend from the front base of embankment section 200 into the containment area a length of 1 to 3 yards (0.9144 to 2.743 m) or more to mitigate erosion of ground 101 below embankment section 200 by contained fluids. Additional portion 15c may be secured to ground 101 at its extended end by additional earthen anchors and / or weights (not shown).

[0029] Earth anchor 3 may be configured with a sloped surface 8, providing a gradual slope that connects to the body of adjacent tube 10a such that vapor barrier portion 15a overlies it as it extends upward from the front base forming the containment area and up the front face of dike section 200. Additionally, driven portion 7 of earth anchor 3 may be configured so that the driven end of pile 5 does not extend beyond sloped surface 8 of earth anchor 3. In this manner, breaching or puncturing of vapor barrier portion 15a that connects to the front face of dike section 200 within the containment area may be mitigated.

[0030] FIG. 3A illustrates a vapor barrier 15 configuration for constructing a diversion levee, according to an exemplary embodiment. The earthen anchors 3a, 3b shown in FIG. 3A may be of a similar configuration to those in FIG. 1. For example, the earthen anchors 3a, 3b may include strap loops (not shown) for securing the anchors to the tubes 10a, 10c, respectively, with straps that may be wrapped around the levee section 300a or through the tubes 10 within the levee section. The tubes 10 of the levee section 300a themselves are shown of a similar configuration to those in FIG. 1.

[0031] Compared to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the dike section 300a illustrated in FIG. 3A includes a vapor barrier 15 to provide additional resistance to fluid intrusion through the dike section 300a. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 is a waterproof material, such as polyvisqueen, or other material that prevents fluid intrusion through its surface. In certain embodiments, the polyvisqueen is between 5 and 15 millimeters thick. In some embodiments, the polyvisqueen is reinforced with an embedded webbing material, such as nylon strands (e.g., string).

[0032] Depending on the configuration, the vapor barrier 15 can be wrapped over, under, and / or through the tubes of the levee section 300a. Additionally, the vapor barrier 15 can extend along a portion or the entire length of the levee section 300a and can include multiple overlapping sections to extend the entire or partial length of the levee section. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 extends the length of the levee section 300a, with the tube ends abutting against each other (e.g., at the junction of two levee sections 300a), creating a levee section longer than the tube 10 itself. The junction of the two levee sections 300a can be in-line, at an angle, or in other configurations. In the case of pyramidal levee section 300a, one or more tubes may be staggered to facilitate the bend (e.g., tubes 10b, 10c, 10e inside the barrier may be staggered back from tubes 10a, 10d, 10f for a right-angle bend). Similarly, corresponding tubes of additional levee sections may be configured (e.g., staggered) so that they abut tubes 10a of levee section 300a to form a right-angle bend joint.

[0033] The vapor barrier 15 configuration can include a portion extending from beneath the rear 15b of the embankment section 300a and extending upwardly from the front base of the embankment section up the front 15a of the embankment section, forming part of the containment area. As shown in the illustrated configuration, the vapor barrier 15 extends beneath earthen anchors 3a, which secure the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101 via stakes 5 driven through the vapor barrier 15 and into the ground 101. Additionally, the vapor barrier 15 can be folded at the rear portion 15b such that the front portion 15a extends upwardly from the front base of the embankment section up the front face of the embankment section 300a, and an additional portion 15c can extend from the front base of the embankment section along the ground 101 into the fluid containment area. Additional portion 15c may extend from the front base of embankment section 300a into the containment area a distance of 1 to 3 yards (0.9144 to 2.743 m) or more to mitigate erosion of the ground 101 below embankment section 300a by contained fluids. Additional portion 15c may be secured to the ground 101 at its extended end by additional earthen anchors and / or weights (not shown).

[0034] In one embodiment, earthen anchor 3a is configured with a sloped surface, providing a gradual slope that connects to the body of adjacent tube 10a so that portion 15a of vapor barrier 15 rests thereon as it extends upward from its front base, forming the containment area, up the front face of dike section 300a. Additionally, in some embodiments, the driving portion (not shown) of earthen anchor 3a, through which pile 5 is driven, can be configured so that the driving end of pile 5 does not extend beyond the sloped surface of the earthen anchor. In this manner, breaching or puncturing of vapor barrier portion 15a that connects to the front face of dike section 300a within the containment area can be mitigated.

[0035] 3A, second earth anchor 3b, which is secured to ground 101 via driving stake 17, further secures the rear end of portion 15b of vapor barrier 15 to ground 101, e.g., by positioning the rear end of portion 15b of vapor barrier 15b below earth anchor 15b at the rear base of embankment section 300a and by driving stake 17 into the ground through the rear end of portion 15b of vapor barrier 15. Additionally, vapor barrier portion 15a, which extends from the front base of the embankment section up the front face of embankment section 300a, is secured to earth anchor 3b over the top of embankment section 300a, e.g., via connection strap 19 to stake 17 or to strap loops (not shown) of earth anchor 3b. In some embodiments, the front portion 15a of the vapor barrier 15 can be long enough to extend beyond the top of the embankment section 300a to the rear base of the embankment section and is secured to earth anchors 3b or via earth anchors 3b without the aid of connection straps 19. In either case, the vapor barrier 15 is secured to the ground 101 via earth anchors, stakes, and / or straps.

[0036] Anchoring the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101 on both sides of the dike section 300a of one or more tubes 10 provides several unexpected benefits. The tubes 10 themselves can also be anchored to the ground 101 (e.g., as described with reference to FIG. 1 ). Thus, for example, if the vapor barrier 15 is impermeable to fluids, such as in the case of a vapor barrier constructed from polyvisqueen, the tubes 10 need only provide shape to the dike section 300a. This is because the portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending upward from the front base within the containment area and up the front face of the dike section substantially prevents fluid transport through the dike section. Thus, in configurations such as that illustrated in FIG. 3A , the tubes 10 can be filled with a material of a density substantially different from that of the fluid being contained. For example, when considering the containment of a fluid such as water, the tubes 10 can be filled with air or other gases. As the contained fluid rises against the vapor barrier front portion 15a, the fluid pressure increases with depth, compressing the vapor barrier front portion below the surface of the contained fluid against the main body of tube 10a, then against tube 10d, and so on. Due to the pyramidal shape of dike section 300a and the impermeable vapor barrier front portion 15a pressing against the tube along the dike section's front face within the containment area, as the contained fluid depth increases, a column of contained fluid develops below the surface of the contained fluid and above portions of the tube above the lower level of the dike section's front face. For example, a column of contained fluid develops above portions of tube 10a, then 10b, etc., because they are below the surface of the contained fluid as the contained fluid depth increases. The weight of the column of confined fluid above a portion of the tube and below the surface of the confined fluid increases with the depth of the confined fluid (i.e., because the height of the column increases with the depth of the confined fluid).Because the front portion 15a of the vapor barrier is impervious to the contained fluid, the weight of the fluid column developing above a portion of the tube (e.g., 10a) presses down on the tube through the vapor barrier. This downward force of the contained fluid weight acting through the front 15a of the vapor barrier onto a lower level tube, e.g., tube 10a, helps prevent the dike section 300a from shifting. For example, the downward force works in concert with one or more anchors, stakes, and / or straps securing the dike section 300a to prevent the contained fluid from generating sufficient horizontal force to displace the dike section. Furthermore, due to the downward force generated by configuring the dike section 300a in this manner, in some embodiments, the tube 10a may be filled with a fluid having a density less than that of the contained fluid. Specifically, the tubes along the front surface of dike section 300a within the containment area are forced downward against ground 101 (and against the lower level tubes) by the contained fluid itself as the surface of the contained fluid rises, thereby greatly improving mitigation of contained fluid intrusion beneath and / or through the dike section and dike strength, such that the density and / or anchor strength of the fluid filling the tubes can be reduced. In this manner, while full filling of the tubes with gas may not actually be practiced, the amount of fluid utilized in filling tubes 10 can be substantially reduced, e.g., through partial filling with water and, e.g., through partial filling with air, without reducing the effectiveness of dike section 300a.

[0037] 3B1 and 3B2 illustrate vapor barrier 15 configurations when constructing a diversion embankment, according to an exemplary embodiment. Although not shown, stakes 17a and 17b can be driven through earthen anchors to secure vapor barrier 15 to ground 101. In some embodiments, stakes 17a and / or 17b are utilized to secure vapor barrier 15 to ground 101, as the weight of tube 10 holds the vapor barrier to the ground. For example, only front stake 17a may be implemented to secure vapor barrier 15 to ground 101. Tubes 10 of embankment section 300b themselves are shown in a configuration similar to that of FIG. 1.

[0038] 3B1 includes vapor barrier 15 to provide additional resistance to fluid intrusion through dike section 300b and to provide additional reinforcement for dike section 300b. In one embodiment, vapor barrier 15 is a waterproof material, such as polyvisqueen, that prevents the intrusion of contained fluids through its surface.

[0039] Depending on the configuration, the vapor barrier 15 can be wrapped over, under, and / or through the tubes of the levee section 300b. Additionally, the vapor barrier 15 can extend along a portion or the entire length of the levee section 300b and can include multiple overlapping sections to extend the entire or partial length of the levee section. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 extends the length of the levee section 300b, with the tube ends abutting against each other (e.g., at the junction of two levee sections 300b), creating a levee section longer than the tube 10 itself. The junction of the two levee sections 300b can be in-line, at an angle, or in other configurations. In the case of pyramidal levee section 300b, one or more tubes may be staggered to facilitate the bend (e.g., tubes 10b, 10c, 10e inside the barrier may be staggered back from tubes 10a, 10d, 10f for a right-angle bend). Similarly, corresponding tubes of additional levee sections may be configured (e.g., staggered) so that they abut tubes 10a, 10d, 10f of levee section 300b to form a right-angle bend joint.

[0040] 3A, vapor barrier 15 in FIG. 3B1 includes portion 15b extending from below the front base of embankment section 300b to the rear base of the embankment section, portion 15d wrapping around the rear and over the top of the embankment section, portion 15a extending from the top of the embankment section down the front face of embankment section 300b to the front base of the embankment section, with portion 15c continuing to extend from the front base of the embankment section into the fluid containment area along ground 101. As shown, vapor barrier 15 can be secured to ground 101 at the front by ground stakes 17a and, optionally, at the rear by additional stakes 17b, which can be driven through ground anchors (not shown). The portion 15c of the vapor barrier extending from the front of the embankment section 300b may extend from the front base of the embankment section into the containment area a distance of 1 to 3 yards (0.9144 to 2.743 m) or more to mitigate erosion of the ground 101 below the embankment section 300b. The portion 15c of the vapor barrier extending into the containment area may be anchored to the ground 101 proximate the front base of the embankment section 300b and at its ends. For example, the portion 15c of the vapor barrier may be anchored to the ground 101 proximate the front face of the front base of the embankment section 300b and at its extended ends by additional earthen anchors and stakes (not shown) and / or by weights 31a and 31b, respectively, as shown.

[0041] In the illustrated embodiment, vapor barrier portion 15a extending downwardly down the front face of embankment section 300b and vapor barrier portion 15c continuing to extend from the front base of the embankment section into the containment area provide several unexpected benefits in resisting the hydrostatic pressure of the contained fluid against embankment section 300b. Specifically, with the weight of the contained fluid column pushing down on vapor barrier portion 15c, and with the weight of the contained fluid column pushing down on vapor barrier portion 15a extending downwardly down the front face of embankment section 300b below the surface of the contained fluid, the resulting effect of the fluid column's downward force against the vapor barrier is similar to a person standing on a board (e.g., vapor barrier 15) (e.g., the weight of the fluid) while simultaneously trying to lift the board (e.g., a lateral force due to hydrostatic pressure against the front face of embankment section 300b). Briefly reviewing Figure 10, the diagram illustrates the downward force of an exemplary contained fluid (water) in pounds per foot of length of the levee section on a levee having a ratio of 1V (vertical):1H (horizontal) compared to the lateral force of the contained fluid, also shown in pounds per foot of length of the levee section. The 1V:1H ratio represents an exemplary levee section having a front face with a 45-degree slope, approximating a pyramidal-shaped levee section, e.g., where for every 1 foot (30.48 cm) of vertical levee height, the front base of the levee extends 1 foot (30.48 cm) horizontally into the containment area. The downward force generated by the contained fluid due to the column height increases along with the horizontal force of hydrostatic pressure as the height of the contained fluid increases. The downward force is characterized by the specific weight of the confined fluid (r), the depth of the confined fluid (h), and the vertical to horizontal ratio of the dike. For an exemplary ratio of 1V:1H, the downward force generated by a fluid with depth (h) is r / 2*h 2Thus, when hydrostatic pressure acts laterally (e.g., horizontally) against the front face of dike section 300b, the downward force of the water column on section 15c and on the sloped front face 15a of the vapor barrier (and therefore on the tube) helps resist movement of the dike due to the lateral force of the hydrostatic pressure.

[0042] Continuing with FIG. 3B1, as shown, the portion 15d of the vapor barrier extending upward on the rear face from the rear base to the top of the dike section 300b is threaded between one or more of the tubes 10 within the dike section to help resist the pulling action of the downward force of the water column on the portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending downward on the front face of the dike section. FIG. 3B2 illustrates an alternative configuration in which the portion 15d of the vapor barrier extending upward on the rear face is not threaded between one or more of the tubes 10 within the dike section 300b. In this example, one or more stakes and / or ground anchors, as well as the weight of the tubes 10 on the portion 15b of the vapor barrier extending below the dike section 300b, resist the pulling action of the downward force on the portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending downward on the front face of the dike section. The configuration illustrated in FIG. 3B2 may be easier to implement when the weight of the tube and / or the stakes and anchors provide sufficient strength to resist the pulling action.

[0043] 3C1 and 3C2 illustrate vapor barrier 15 configurations when constructing a diversion dike section, according to an exemplary embodiment. Specifically, FIGS. 3C1 and 3C2 illustrate the additional benefit of diversion dike construction similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 3B1 and 3B2 when contained fluid seeps under and / or through vapor barrier portion 15a at the front face of the dike section and / or vapor barrier portion 15c extending into the containment area.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 3C1 , a seepage gap 33 may exist between the portion 15b of the vapor barrier that extends from the front base of the embankment section 300c, under the tube 10c, and to the rear base, and the portions 15a, 15c of the vapor barrier that extend down the front face to the front base and into the containment area. When the level 35a of the contained fluid 32 rises in the containment area, the contained fluid may seep over the portion 15c of the vapor barrier that extends into the containment area and into the ground 101. The contained fluid may then seep upward from the ground 101 through the gap 33 and into the interior 34 of the vapor barrier that encases the tube 10c. Additionally, the contained fluid may seep into the interior 34 in the overlapping section of the vapor barrier 15 along the embankment section 300c or through punctures, which may occur in the extended portion 15c of the vapor barrier within the containment area and / or in the portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending downwardly on the front surface.

[0045] As long as portion 15b of the vapor barrier extending under dike section 300c remains fixed, and portions 15b and 15d of the vapor barrier remain relatively puncture-free (i.e., punctures do not allow fluid to escape faster than the rate of seepage into dike section interior 34), the seeping fluid will be substantially contained within the dike section interior by vapor barrier 15. The level 35b of fluid seeping into dike section interior 34 can then rise to a level substantially similar to the surface level 35a of the contained fluid.

[0046] Seepage of contained fluid 32 from the containment area into the interior 34 of the dike section 300c may initially appear as a failure of the dike section 300c, but this is not the case if the vapor barrier 15 is sufficient to contain the fluid seeping into the interior 34. In fact, several unexpected benefits are obtained in such a case. As the fluid level 35b in the interior 34 of the dike section 300c rises, it counteracts the hydrostatic pressure on the front face of the dike section due to the contained fluid level 35a in the containment area. Specifically, while the contained fluid 32 in the containment area generates a lateral force acting on the front face of the dike section 300c (which may shift the entire dike section), the fluid in the interior 34 of the dike section also generates a lateral force, but in the opposite direction. Indeed, when the fluid level 35b in the interior 34 is substantially equal to the level 35a of the fluid 32 contained within the containment area, the lateral force from within the interior pushing the vapor barrier portion 15a away from the front surface (e.g., into the containment area) due to the fluid level within the interior substantially cancels the lateral force pushing the vapor barrier portion 15a into the front surface due to the fluid level within the containment area. Thus, when the fluid level 35b in the dike section 300c rises, the force of the contained fluid 32 against the front surface of the dike section is reduced, making the dike section less likely to shift.

[0047] As the fluid level 35b within the interior 34 of the embankment section rises, the force on the front face of the embankment section 300c due to the hydrostatic pressure of the trapped fluid 32 may be alleviated, but the fluid within the interior generates a lateral force acting outward from the interior of the embankment section against the vapor barrier portion 15d at the rear of the embankment section. For this reason, embodiments of the vapor barrier 15 may include reinforcing webbing to increase durability. The vapor barrier 15 and securing straps (not shown) around the embankment section 300c resist this hydrostatic force due to the fluid level 35b within the interior. Importantly, the force on the vapor barrier portion 15b from within the interior 34 of the embankment section 300c due to the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid level 35b does not act to shift the embankment section. Weaving the vapor barrier 15 around one or more tubes 10 within the interior 34 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3B1 ) can help resist hydrostatic forces from the fluid level 35 b within the interior 34, thus reducing the likelihood of the vapor barrier 15 shifting due to hydrostatic pressure from the fluid within the interior 34. For example, in embodiments in which the vapor barrier 15 is threaded between one or more of the tubes 10 within the interior of the dike section (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3B1 ), increasing the fluid level 35 b within the interior 34 of the dike section can cause a column of water to form above one or more portions of the vapor barrier within the interior (e.g., below tube 10 f), which provides a downward pressure due to the weight of the fluid column (e.g., similar to a downward force on the front face of the dike section). This downward pressure on the vapor barrier 15 passing through it pushes the vapor barrier against the lower level tube, which reduces shifting of the vapor barrier, tube 10, and embankment section 300c itself when seepage occurs.

[0048] When the fluid level 35b in the interior 34 rises, the vapor barrier portion 15d can bulge outward due to an outwardly acting hydrostatic force. Additionally, the weight of the fluid column in the interior 34 exerts a downwardly acting force on the bulging area and the vapor barrier portion 15b. The combination of the downward force and the bulging action at the rear face of the embankment section 300c to seal the vapor barrier portions 15d, 15b against the ground 101 beneficially helps prevent fluid from collapsing the embankment section. Figure 3C2 illustrates this principle in practice.

[0049] Figure 3C2 illustrates dike section 300d of a 2-1 pyramid constructed according to the principles described in connection with Figure 3C1. As shown, dike section 300d includes a fluid 32 contained within a containment area and a vapor barrier 15 wrapped around the dike section. Vapor barrier 15 includes portion 15b, which extends from the front of dike section 300d, under tube 10x, then under tube 10y, to the rear of dike section 300d. Vapor barrier portion 15b continues into vapor barrier portion 15d, which wraps around tube 10y at the rear of dike section 300d, then wraps around tube 10z at the top of the dike section, and continues into vapor barrier portion 15a. Portion 15a of the vapor barrier extends downwardly on its front face from the top of embankment section 300d and may include an extension portion (not shown) that extends along ground surface 101 into the containment area.

[0050] Pile 17a secures anchor 3a to the ground 101 with strap 13a, which is connected to the anchor and wraps around the tube, securing embankment section 300d to the ground at its rear. To additionally secure the embankment section to the ground, strap 13a can be wrapped around vapor barrier 15 and tube 10 from the rear of embankment section 300d to anchors and / or pegs (not shown) at the front of the embankment section. Additional anchors, pegs, and straps can be implemented at intervals along the rear length of embankment section 300d, along with corresponding anchors and pegs (not shown) at the front of the embankment section. For example, anchor 3b, peg 17b, and strap 13b can secure embankment section 300d at intervals of 10 feet (3.048 m) or more from anchor 3a. Anchors 3c, stakes 17c, and straps 13c can secure dike section 300d at equal intervals, such as 10 feet (3.048 m), thus securing dike section 300d over a length of 30 feet (9.144 m) in this example, and containing fluid 32 within the containment area. The intervals at which the anchors, stakes, and straps are positioned can vary based on the height of dike section 300d, the composition of the ground, and whether the contained fluid can create waves that act on the dike section.

[0051] As shown, fluid 32 from the containment area seeps into interior 34 of dike section 300d to level 35b, which may be substantially similar to fluid level 35a in the containment area. Thus, vapor barrier portion 15d at the rear of dike section 300d bulges outward 37 due to the hydrostatic force of fluid level 35b in interior 34 acting outward from within interior 34 of dike section 300d. The downward force due to the column of fluid in interior 34 presses the bottom of bulge 37 in vapor barrier portion 15d against ground surface 101, which helps mitigate fluid seepage from both dike section interior 34 and the containment area through and below the rear of dike section 300d.

[0052] 4A, 4B, and 4C illustrate an integral vapor barrier 400 for a flexible containment tube 10, according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4A, the tube 10 includes an integral vapor barrier 400 disposed proximate its flexible body end 41. Straps, anchors, and / or additional vapor barriers, as previously described, can work in conjunction with the integral vapor barrier to hold abutting tubes together, allowing any length of abutted tubes to form a levee section.

[0053] The integral vapor barrier 400 may be attached to the body of the tube 10. For example, the end 42 of the integral vapor barrier 400 may be attached to the body of the tube 10 via thermoforming or other attachment means. In some embodiments, the integral vapor barrier 400 is a sleeve that extends a predetermined distance over the end 41 of the tube 10. In one embodiment, the distance that the integral vapor barrier 400 extends over the end 41 of the tube 10 is sufficient for the end 42 of the integral vapor barrier to engage with the body of the tube 10. Then, when the tube 10 is filled, the body of the tube expands and is attached to the end 42 of the integral vapor barrier 400 via compression of the expanding body of the tube at the end 42. In such a case, the end 42 of the integral vapor barrier 400 may have a smaller diameter than the diameter of the body of the filled tube 10 to attach via compression. In either case, with one end 42 of the integral vapor barrier 400 attached to the tube 10, the opposite end 43 includes an opening 47 and extends a predetermined distance beyond the end 41 of the tube 10 to receive an additional tube.

[0054] In one embodiment, the opposite end 43 extends beyond the end 41 of the tube 10 a sufficient distance to engage the body of an additional tube, which, when filled, forms an attachment with the opposite end 43 via compression. Thus, for example, the opposite end 43 of the vapor barrier 400 may be configured similarly to end 42 in a sleeve configuration. By way of example, the sleeve may extend 1 to 3 feet (30.48 to 91.44 cm) beyond the body of the tube 10 and include 1 to 3 feet (30.48 to 91.44 cm) of remaining length from the opening 47 for engaging the body of another tube inserted into the opening. Thus, the one-piece vapor barrier 400 may have an overall length of approximately 2 to 6 feet (60.96 to 182.9 cm).

[0055] In one embodiment, the one-piece vapor barrier 400 is constructed from a waterproof material, such as polyvisqueen, rubber, or other material similar to that used to construct the tube 10 or vapor barrier 15, to prevent fluid intrusion through its surface. Thus, for example, when an additional tube is inserted into the opening 47 as shown in FIG. 4B , fluid intrusion between the abutting tube ends 41 a, 41 b can be mitigated. The inclusion of straps, loops, and / or anchors that prevent the tube from shifting relative to the ground, such as those shown in FIG. 1 , helps maintain the engagement of the tubes within the one-piece vapor barrier 400, allowing seamless dikes to be constructed of multiple dike sections of any length. Additionally, vapor barriers, such as those described with reference to FIGS. 2-3 , can be utilized to wrap around pyramidal dike sections, and particularly around the junction of two dike sections where abutting tubes are attached via the one-piece vapor barrier 400, to further mitigate fluid seepage through the dike.

[0056] 4B, the tube 10a includes an integral vapor barrier 400 disposed adjacent the end 41a of its flexible body. The integral vapor barrier 400 may be attached to the body of the tube 10a at one end 42 via thermoforming or other attachment means. In some embodiments, the integral vapor barrier 400 is a sleeve that extends a predetermined distance over the end 41a of the tube 10a and forms an attachment at the end 42 via compression when the tube 10a is filled.

[0057] Also shown in Figure 4B is end 41b of tube 10b being inserted into opening 47 at opposite end 43 of vapor barrier 400. In one embodiment, end 41b of tube 10b is inserted into opening 47 prior to filling of tube 10b. Then, when tube 10b is filled, the body of tube 10b expands and forms an attachment with end 43 of vapor barrier 400 through compression. Thus, when one-piece vapor barrier 400 is constructed from a waterproof material, fluid intrusion between abutting tube ends 41a, 41b can be mitigated.

[0058] 4C, the tube 10a includes an integral vapor barrier 400 disposed adjacent the end 41a of its flexible body. The integral vapor barrier 400 may be attached to the body of the tube 10a at one end 42 via thermoforming or other attachment means. In some embodiments, the integral vapor barrier 400 is a sleeve that extends a predetermined distance over the end 41a of the tube 10a and forms an attachment at the end 42 via compression when the tube 10a is filled.

[0059] Also shown in Figure 4C is end 41b of tube 10b being inserted into opening 47 at opposite end 43 of integrated vapor barrier 400. In one embodiment, end 41b of tube 10b is interlocked with end 41a of tube 10a in integrated vapor barrier 400. For example, ends 41a of tube 10a can be wrapped together and integrated vapor barrier 400 can be extended over the interlocked ends of tube 10, allowing tube 10b to be inserted into opening 47 prior to filling of tube 10.

[0060] Then, when the tube 10 is filled, the body of the tube 10 expands within the integral vapor barrier 400, forming an attachment at end 43 of the integral vapor barrier (and at end 42 in the sleeve configuration) through compression. Additionally, the interlocking tube ends 41 expand relative to each other within the vapor barrier 400 when the tube 10 is filled, which tightly joins the two tubes together because they are compressed within the walls of the integral vapor barrier. Thus, when the vapor barrier 400 is constructed from a waterproof material, fluid intrusion between the abutting tube ends 41 a, 41 b can be mitigated, and the interlocking connection of the abutting tube ends 41 a, 41 b secures the tubes 10 a, 10 b from being pulled apart.

[0061] FIG. 5 illustrates a sleeve end 500 according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, according to one embodiment, the tube 10 is inserted into the sleeve end 500. The sleeve end 500 includes an opening 57 at one end 53 to receive the tube 10 and is closed at the other end 55. The opening 57 of the sleeve end 500 extends a predetermined distance (e.g., 1 to 3 feet (30.48 to 91.44 cm)) above the end 41 of the tube 10 and forms an attachment with the body of the tube 10 at end 53 via compression when the tube 10 is filled. The end 41 of the tube 10 can be rolled prior to insertion into the sleeve end 500 to reduce the length of the flexible body extending from the opening 57, thereby allowing the length of a given tube 10 to be reduced to a shorter length, as desired.

[0062] The end 41 of the rolled tube 10 is inserted into the opening 57 of the sleeve end 500 prior to filling the tube 10. Then, as the tube 10 is being filled, the body of the tube 10 expands within the sleeve end 500, forming a connection with the end 53 of the sleeve end 500 through compression, preventing the tube from expanding to its full length. In this manner, shorter lengths of tube can be constructed from longer lengths of tube. Additionally, the tube 10 can be abutted against another tube at the end 55 of the sleeve.

[0063] In one embodiment, the sleeve end 500 is a waterproof material such as polyvisqueen, rubber, or other material similar to that used to construct the tube 10 of the vapor barrier 15 to prevent fluid intrusion through its surface.

[0064] 6A and 6B illustrate a flexible containment tube connector 63 according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 6A illustrates a linear tube connector 63a according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, the flexible containment tube is not sealed at one or more of its ends. In such an embodiment, the connector seals the ends of the flexible containment tube and, optionally, can connect multiple flexible containment tubes. As shown in FIG. 6A, the tube includes a top portion 60a and a bottom portion 60b that are not sealed at the ends of the tube. Instead, the connector 63a secures the ends of the tube and forms a seal between the top and bottom portions 60a and 60b of the tube at the ends so that fluid 61 can be contained within the flexible body.

[0065] In one embodiment, connector 63a includes a first cavity 64a that receives a portion of the end of the tube. The portion may be formed by rolling the end of the tube so that the top portion 60a of the tube is rolled with the bottom portion 60b of the tube. The rolled end of the tube may then be inserted into first cavity 64a. The length of connector 63, and therefore the length of first cavity 64a, may extend a distance similar to the diameter of the tube (e.g., up to the width of the top and bottom portions 60a and 60b of the tube when unfilled), such that the rolled end of the tube may be completely or nearly enclosed within first cavity 64a.

[0066] The second cavity 64b is shown for ease of explanation and includes similar features as the first cavity 64a. The second cavity 64b can also receive the rolled end of the tubing in a manner similar to that of the first cavity 64a, as described above. The cavities 64a, 64b can be separated by an inner wall 65 of the connector 63. In embodiments where only a single cavity (e.g., the first cavity 64a) is required, the inner wall 65 of the connector 63 can remain to maintain the first cavity 64a. As shown, the cavity 64, specifically referring to the second cavity 64b, includes an upper retaining lip 67a and a lower retaining lip 67b. Other embodiments can include only a single retaining lip 67 per cavity 64. The retaining lip 67 secures the rolled end of the tube within the cavity 64 and prevents removal of the rolled end when pulled away from the connector 63. Furthermore, as the tube is being filled, the sides 60 of the tube expand against the retaining lip 67 and the rolled portion expands within the cavity 64 against the retaining lip 67 and the walls (e.g., 65) of the cavity, preventing removal of the rolled end of the tube and therefore also sealing the end of the tube within the cavity 64 and preventing the release of fluid 61 within the tube.

[0067] Figure 6B illustrates a stacked tube connector 63b according to one embodiment. The stacked tube connector 63b differs from the linear tube connector 63a of Figure 6A in that the space between the tube ends connected via the stacked tube connector 63b is reduced. Thus, for example, the tube connector 63b may reduce the use of vapor barriers and / or the amount of vapor barrier material used between the connected tube ends.

[0068] 7A-7E illustrate flexible containment tube abutments according to exemplary embodiments. In one embodiment, the flexible containment tube ends are formed with various shapes to mitigate fluid seepage between the abutting tube ends. The abutments can be solid or flexible and constructed from materials such as PVC, molded plastic, metal, etc.

[0069] As shown in Figure 7A1, tube 70a is constructed with beveled tube ends 71a. Beveled tube ends 71a can be at a substantially 45-degree angle such that by abutting two beveled tube ends 71a together, either a right-angle corner or a straight section can be formed between two tubes having the configuration of tube 70a. Tubes can be configured with other angles as desired.

[0070] As shown in Figure 7B1, tube 70b is constructed with flat tube ends 73a. The flat tube ends 73a can be abutted on their faces to form a straight section from the two tubes. Alternatively, the flat tube end 73a can be abutted against the body of another tube to form a right angle, or against an angled surface, such as the 45-degree angled end 71a shown in Figure 7A1, to extend at an angle.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 7B2, tube abutment 72b includes a cavity for inserting a flexible containment tube 10 with a rounded end (or other shaped end). In this manner, the tube 10 itself need not be constructed with a particular shaped end. When filled, the tube 10 can expand against the walls of the cavity in tube abutment 72b. In one embodiment, the cavity is shaped 74 to match the rounded end of the tube 10. Other embodiments of tube abutment 72b can include cavities shaped 74 to match other tube end types, such as 71a and 73b in FIGS. 7A1 and 7B1, respectively.

[0072] End 73b of tube abutment 72b can be configured in various ways to abut another tube or tube abutment. For example, Figure 7B2 illustrates tube abutment 72b with a flat end 73b that allows for abutment in a configuration similar to that of tube 70b of Figure 7B1, which is constructed with a flat tube end 73a.

[0073] As another example, referring to FIG. 7A2, tube abutment 72a includes a beveled end 71b. Beveled end 71b allows for abutment in a configuration similar to that of tube 70a of FIG. 7A1, which is constructed with beveled tube end 71a. Additionally, tube abutment 72a can include a cavity for inserting a flexible containment tube 10 with a rounded end (or other shaped end). Thus, when filled, tube 10 can expand against the walls of the cavity of tube abutment 72a. In one embodiment, the cavity is shaped 74 to match the rounded end of tube 10. Other embodiments of tube abutment 72a can include cavities shaped 74 to match other tube end types, such as 71a and 73b of FIGS. 7A1 and 7B1, respectively.

[0074] 7C illustrates two tube abutments 72c for receiving tubes 10a and 10b. Accordingly, the two tube abutments 72c can include cavities shaped 74 to match the respective tube ends. In some embodiments, the two tube abutments 72c are constructed in other configurations, such as having an angle between the two openings. A corresponding angle is then formed between tubes 10a and 10b when the tubes are inserted. In this manner, the tubes 10a and 10b can be abutted by the two tube abutments 72c to join the diversion embankment section into a desired shape.

[0075] 7D illustrates a first tube abutment 72d1 configured to receive a first tube 10a and including a surface shaped to receive a second tube abutment 72d2. Similarly, the second tube abutment 72d2 configured to receive a second tube 10b and including a surface shaped to receive the first tube abutment 72d1. When mated as shown, the configuration of the corresponding surfaces of the tube abutments 72d1 and 72d2 can be such that forces acting against the tube 10 in one or more directions are resisted, preventing shifting of the tube when containing or redirecting fluid.

[0076] FIG. 7E illustrates cavity 74 of tube abutment 72, according to one embodiment. End 77 of tube abutment 72 can be configured similarly to abutment end 71b of FIG. 7A2, similarly to abutment end 73b of FIG. 7B2, or configured in another configuration. As shown, the portion of tube abutment 72 that extends over the tube end and over the flexible body of the tube when the tube end is fully inserted into cavity end shape 74 can include a narrowed section 75 at that end. Narrowed section 75 helps grip the body of the tube as it expands within the receiving cavity during filling and prevents removal of the tube from tube abutment 72.

[0077] 8A-8C illustrate the valve system of a flexible containment tube 10, according to an exemplary embodiment. In one embodiment, the tube 10 described herein utilizes an airtight check valve 85 that allows the tube to be pressurized and filled to its maximum capacity. The check valve 85 also allows the tube to be filled from the base of an inclined surface to allow fluid to move uphill in situations involving rough terrain.

[0078] FIG. 8A illustrates an exemplary tube configuration for filling a flexible containment tube 10 with a valve system, according to one embodiment. As shown, the tube 10 includes an inner membrane 80 that forms multiple chambers 81 within the single tube 10. In FIG. 8A, a single inner membrane 80 is shown that forms a lower chamber 81a and an upper chamber 81b. The inner membrane 80 may be formed from a material similar to that of the tube body 10 and, as such, may be waterproof to separate the fluids within each chamber 81. Valves 85 are disposed within the membrane 80 and may facilitate the flow of fluid from one chamber to the next, but not vice versa. For example, valve 85b may facilitate the flow of fluid 87c from lower chamber 81a to upper chamber 81b, but not from the upper chamber to the lower chamber.

[0079] A valve 85a disposed in the body of the tube 10 corresponding to the lower chamber 81a can receive fluid 87a from the connection with the hose 83 or the pump, and the fluid 87a flows into the lower chamber. The valve 85a can prevent the release of fluid from the lower chamber 81a when the connection with the hose 83 is terminated.

[0080] Fluid 87a received through valve 85a flows into lower chamber 81a, filling it 87b. When the fluid-fill capacity of the lower chamber 81a is eventually reached, valve 85b allows fluid 87c to flow from the lower chamber into upper chamber 81b. Thus, receiving additional fluid 87a into lower chamber 81a causes upper chamber 81b to fill with fluid 87d. Valves 85a and 85b can be of similar construction, reducing the number of components required to construct tube 10. Valve 85c, located in the body of tube 10 corresponding to upper chamber 81b, can allow the release of gas / fluid from upper chamber 81a to the outside of tube 10. In some embodiments, valve 85c includes a pressure release that is activated to release fluid from upper chamber 81b when a maximum fill pressure condition is experienced. Valve 85c may also include a release mechanism that is engaged to empty fluid from tube 10.

[0081] 8B illustrates an exemplary benefit of the valve and tubing configuration of FIG. 8A in the event of a puncture 88 or other failure of the body of tubing 10 corresponding to lower chamber 81a. As shown, lower chamber 81a of tubing 10 is punctured while it is filled, and fluid 89 escapes from lower chamber 81a through the puncture. However, because fluid in upper chamber 81b cannot pass into lower chamber 81a through membrane 80 or valve 85b, it does not escape through puncture 88. Also, valves 85a and 85c do not release fluid from upper chamber 81b. Thus, the fluid level in upper chamber 81b is maintained to prevent complete failure of tubing 10.

[0082] In a scenario where the upper chamber 81b is punctured, it is possible for fluid from both chambers to escape in the exemplary configuration of the tube 10. However, such a scenario is unlikely as the lower chamber 81a is more likely to experience puncture.

[0083] FIG. 8C illustrates an example of evacuating a tube using the valve configuration of FIG. 8A. As shown, connector 91 attached to the hose engages the release mechanism of valve 85c (e.g., opens the pressure release) to release fluid 92a from upper chamber 81b. As fluid is released from upper chamber 81b, valve 85b allows fluid 92b to pass from lower chamber 81a through membrane 80 to the upper chamber, thereby evacuating fluid 92c from lower chamber 81a. In some embodiments, valve 85c is configured similarly to valves 85a and 85b to reduce manufacturing costs. In such cases, valve 85c can be a check valve that does not include a pressure release, and connector 91 pries open the check valve when inserted.

[0084] Upon reading this disclosure, those skilled in the art will appreciate still additional structural and functional design alternatives through the disclosed principles of the embodiments. Thus, while particular embodiments and applications have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the exact construction and components disclosed herein, and that various modifications, changes, and variations that will be apparent to those skilled in the art can be made in the arrangement, operation, and details of the methods and apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. 1. An apparatus for containing a fluid within a containment area, the apparatus comprising: a first containment tube above the ground surface having a first end; a second containment tube above the ground surface having a second end, the second end connecting with the first end to form a connection; a waterproof vapor sleeve extending beyond at least the connection, the waterproof vapor sleeve preventing water from entering a cavity, the cavity being an area within the waterproof vapor sleeve and including a space surrounding the connection; 10. An apparatus comprising:

2. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the waterproof vapor sleeve is attached to a flexible body of the containment tube.

3. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the flexible body of the containment tube is made of vinyl-coated polyester.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first containment tube is configured to receive a filler material.

5. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the filler material is in a liquid state.

6. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the fill material is in a gaseous state.

7. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the waterproof vapor sleeve is made of plastic.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising one or more anchors configured to secure the apparatus to the earth's surface.

9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first end defines an opening.

10. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the first end is a rolled end, the rolled end sealing the opening.

11. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the rolled end is a first rolled end, and the first rolled end is rolled together with a second rolled end of the second containment tube to form the connection.

12. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the waterproof vapor sleeve extends beyond at least the first rolled end and the second rolled end.

13. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first containment tube has a first length, and when the first end of the first containment tube is rolled onto the rolled end, the first containment tube shortens from the first length to a second length that is shorter than the first length.

14. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the first containment tube is filled with a filler material, and the main body of the first containment tube extends into the waterproof vapor sleeve and forms a connection with an end of the waterproof vapor sleeve.

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