Microcarrier for cell culture and cell culture method

Abstract

Provided is a cell culture microcarrier capable of suppressing aggregation of a microcarrier due to cell clumps and enhancing the efficiency of culturing cells.　This cell culture microcarrier is provided with a base particle and a coating layer covering the outer surface of the base particle, and has a specific weight of 1.10 g / cm3 or more.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a microcarrier for cell culture, and also to a method for culturing cells using the microcarrier for cell culture. [Background technology]

[0002] Animal cells such as those from humans, mice, rats, pigs, cattle, and monkeys are used in research and development in the fields of academics, drug discovery, regenerative medicine, etc. A method using microcarriers is known as a cell culture method.

[0003] Conventionally, microcarriers in which base particles are coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) have been widely used as the above-mentioned microcarriers. For example, Patent Document 1 listed below describes a microcarrier having polystyrene particles and vitronectin arranged on the outer surface of the polystyrene particles.

[0004] Microcarriers in which base particles are coated with a synthetic resin are also known. For example, Patent Document 2 below describes a microcarrier comprising polystyrene particles and a synthetic resin layer disposed on the outer surface of the polystyrene particles. The synthetic resin layer contains a synthetic resin to which a peptide is bound. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] WO2011 / 017167A1 [Patent Document 2] WO2011 / 017050A1 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Conventional microcarriers such as those described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 use particles with a low specific gravity, such as polystyrene particles, as base particles, and therefore the specific gravity of the microcarriers themselves is also low. By using microcarriers with a low specific gravity, cells can be cultured while the microcarriers are well suspended in the medium.

[0007] In cell culture methods using microcarriers, the culture medium may be replaced by allowing the microcarriers to which the cells are attached to settle by gravity, removing the supernatant medium, and adding new medium.

[0008] Conventional microcarriers with low specific gravity tend to exhibit differences in the settling time of the microcarriers when they are allowed to settle by gravity. For example, among conventional microcarriers with low specific gravity, some microcarriers settle to the bottom of the culture vessel relatively quickly, while others take a relatively long time to settle to the bottom of the culture vessel. In this case, cells adhering to microcarriers that have settled earlier may form cell clumps between the microcarriers before almost all of the microcarriers settle to the bottom of the culture vessel, causing the microcarriers to aggregate. As a result, the cell culture efficiency decreases.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide a microcarrier for cell culture that can suppress aggregation of the microcarrier due to cell clumps and increase cell culture efficiency. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for culturing cells using the above-mentioned microcarrier for cell culture. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a substrate, comprising: a substrate particle; and a coating layer covering the outer surface of the substrate particle; 3 As described above, a microcarrier for cell culture (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as microcarrier) is provided.

[0011] In a particular aspect of the microcarrier according to the present invention, the water absorption rate is 10% by weight or less.

[0012] In a specific aspect of the microcarrier according to the present invention, the coating layer contains a synthetic resin.

[0013] In a specific aspect of the microcarrier according to the present invention, the synthetic resin has a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton.

[0014] In a specific aspect of the microcarrier according to the present invention, the coating layer includes a peptide portion.

[0015] In a specific aspect of the microcarrier according to the present invention, the base particles are resin particles.

[0016] In a specific aspect of the microcarrier according to the present invention, the base particle comprises a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group.

[0017] In a specific aspect of the microcarrier according to the present invention, the polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group is an acrylic resin, a divinylbenzene polymer, or a divinylbenzene copolymer.

[0018] In a specific aspect of the microcarrier according to the present invention, the average particle size is 100 μm or more and 1500 μm or less.

[0019] In a particular aspect of the microcarrier according to the present invention, the CV value of the particle size is 10% or less.

[0020] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for culturing cells, comprising the steps of adhering cells to the above-mentioned microcarriers for cell culture, settling the microcarriers for cell culture to which the cells have adhered, and replacing the culture medium. [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] The microcarrier for cell culture according to the present invention comprises a base particle and a coating layer that coats the outer surface of the base particle. The specific gravity of the microcarrier for cell culture according to the present invention is 1.10 g / cm 3 The cell culture microcarrier according to the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, and therefore can suppress aggregation of the microcarrier due to cell clumps, thereby improving the efficiency of cell culture. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view that schematically shows a microcarrier for cell culture according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0024] (Microcarriers for cell culture) The microcarrier for cell culture according to the present invention (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "microcarrier") comprises a base particle and a coating layer that covers the outer surface of the base particle. The specific gravity of the microcarrier according to the present invention is 1.10 g / cm 3 That's all.

[0025] The microcarrier according to the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, and therefore can suppress aggregation of the microcarrier due to cell clumps, thereby improving the efficiency of cell culture.

[0026] Conventionally, from the viewpoint of culturing cells while suspending the microcarriers in the medium, microcarriers with a low specific gravity (for example, a specific gravity of 1.02 g / cm 3However, with conventional microcarriers with low specific gravity, differences in the settling time of the microcarriers are likely to occur when changing the culture medium. For this reason, with conventional microcarriers with low specific gravity, cells adhering to microcarriers that have settled first may form cell clumps between the microcarriers, causing the microcarriers to aggregate, resulting in a decrease in cell culture efficiency.

[0027] In contrast, the microcarrier according to the present invention has a moderately large specific gravity. Furthermore, the microcarrier according to the present invention comprises a base particle and a coating layer. By employing the above-described configuration, the microcarrier according to the present invention can suppress aggregation of the microcarrier due to cell clumps. For example, the microcarrier according to the present invention can allow the microcarrier to settle to the bottom of the culture vessel in a short time by gravity during culture medium replacement. This shortens the time required for culture medium replacement and suppresses aggregation of the microcarrier due to cell clumps. Therefore, the microcarrier according to the present invention can increase cell culture efficiency.

[0028] Furthermore, since the microcarrier according to the present invention does not require the use of natural polymeric materials such as extracellular matrix (ECM) as materials, it is inexpensive, has little variation between lots, and is highly safe.

[0029] From the viewpoint of exerting the effects of the present invention, the specific gravity of the microcarrier is 1.10 g / cm 3 That's all.

[0030] The specific gravity of the microcarriers is preferably 1.12 g / cm 3 More preferably, 1.15 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 6.00 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 5.00 g / cm 3 More preferably 4.00 g / cm or less 3 Particularly preferably 2.00 g / cm or less 3The specific gravity of the microcarriers is preferably 1.12 g / cm 3 More than 6.00g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1.15 g / cm 3 More than 5.00g / cm 3 More preferably, 1.15 g / cm or less 3 More than 4.00g / cm 3 Particularly preferably 1.15 g / cm or less 3 More than 2.00g / cm 3 or less. When the specific gravity is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the settling time of the microcarriers during medium replacement can be further shortened, and as a result, aggregation of the microcarriers due to cell clumps can be more effectively suppressed. When the specific gravity is equal to or less than the upper limit, cells can be cultured while the microcarriers to which the cells are attached are well suspended in the medium by moderate shaking, etc. Furthermore, when the specific gravity is equal to or less than the upper limit, the rotational ability of the stirring blades can be improved.

[0031] The specific gravity of the microcarriers is measured using a true hydrometer.

[0032] The water absorption rate of the microcarrier is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, and even more preferably 1% by weight or less. When the water absorption rate is below the upper limit, the surface state of the microcarrier is less likely to change when cells adhere, thereby reducing the variation in the initial adhesion rate after cell seeding. Furthermore, when the water absorption rate is below the upper limit, cells are less likely to detach from the microcarrier in the culture medium. There is no particular limit on the lower limit of the water absorption rate of the microcarrier. The water absorption rate of the microcarrier may be 0% by weight or more, or may be 0.001% by weight or more.

[0033] The water absorption rate of the microcarrier can be measured as follows.

[0034] Prepare microcarriers by drying them in an oven at 100°C for 8 hours. Leave 100.0 mg of these microcarriers in an environment with a temperature of 37°C and a relative humidity of 95% for 24 hours. Measure the weight of the microcarriers after leaving them. Calculate the water absorption rate of the microcarriers using the following formula:

[0035] Water absorption rate (weight %)=(W2-W1) / W1×100 W1: Weight of microcarriers before standing (mg) W2: Weight of microcarriers after standing (mg)

[0036] One method for reducing the water absorption rate of the microcarrier is to prepare a coating layer using a highly hydrophobic material.

[0037] The average particle size of the microcarriers is preferably 100 μm or more, more preferably 150 μm or more, even more preferably 200 μm or more, even more preferably 250 μm or more, particularly preferably 300 μm or more, preferably 1500 μm or less, more preferably 1000 μm or less, even more preferably 800 μm or less, even more preferably 700 μm or less, and particularly preferably 500 μm or less. The average particle size of the microcarriers is preferably 100 μm or more and 1500 μm or less, more preferably 150 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, even more preferably 200 μm or more and 800 μm or less, even more preferably 250 μm or more and 700 μm or less, and particularly preferably 300 μm or more and 500 μm or less. When the average particle size is above the lower limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited. When the average particle size is below the upper limit, cell aggregates can be formed with a more uniform thickness on the surface of each microcarrier. Furthermore, when the average particle size is equal to or less than the upper limit, the area to which cells can adhere can be further increased.

[0038] The particle size of the microcarrier means the diameter if the microcarrier is spherical, and if the microcarrier is other than spherical, means the diameter when assumed to be a perfect sphere with a volume equivalent to that of the microcarrier.

[0039] The average particle size of the microcarriers is preferably a number average particle size. The average particle size of the microcarriers can be determined by observing 50 random microcarriers with an electron microscope or optical microscope and calculating the average particle size of each microcarrier, or by using a particle size distribution analyzer. When observed with an electron microscope or optical microscope, the particle size of each microcarrier is determined as the particle size in equivalent circle diameter. When observed with an electron microscope or optical microscope, the average particle size of 50 random microcarriers in equivalent circle diameter is approximately equal to the average particle size in equivalent sphere diameter. When observed with a particle size distribution analyzer, the particle size of each microcarrier is determined as the particle size in equivalent sphere diameter. The average particle size of the microcarriers is preferably calculated using a particle size distribution analyzer.

[0040] The coefficient of variation (CV value) of the particle size of the microcarriers is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 8% or less, even more preferably 5% or less, and particularly preferably 3% or less. When the coefficient of variation (CV value) is equal to or less than the upper limit, the uniformity of the sedimentation rate can be increased, and the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited. The coefficient of variation (CV value) of the particle size of the microcarriers may be 0% or more, 0.1% or more, 0.5% or more, or 1% or more. The coefficient of variation (CV value) of the particle size of the microcarriers may be 0% or more and 10% or less, 0.1% or more and 8% or less, 0.1% or more and 5% or less, or 1% or more and 3% or less.

[0041] The coefficient of variation (CV value) of the particle size of the microcarriers is calculated as follows.

[0042] CV value (%) = (ρ / Dn) × 100 ρ: Standard deviation of microcarrier particle size Dn: average particle size of microcarriers

[0043] Methods for reducing the coefficient of variation (CV value) of the particle size of the microcarriers include dry classification and wet classification.

[0044] The shape of the microcarriers is not particularly limited. The shape of the microcarriers may be spherical, or may be a shape other than spherical, such as flat. Note that the spherical shape is not limited to a perfect sphere, but also includes a nearly spherical shape, and also includes, for example, a shape with an aspect ratio (major axis / minor axis) of 1.5 or less.

[0045] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

[0046] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view that schematically shows a microcarrier for cell culture according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] The cell culture microcarrier 1 shown in Figure 1 comprises a base particle 2 and a coating layer 3 that coats the outer surface of the base particle 2. The coating layer 3 is disposed on the surface of the base particle 2 and is in contact with the surface of the base particle 2. The coating layer 3 coats the entire outer surface of the base particle 2.

[0048] Further details of the microcarriers are provided below.

[0049] In this specification, "(meth)acrylate" means one or both of "acrylate" and "methacrylate", and "(meth)acrylic" means one or both of "acrylic" and "methacrylic".

[0050] (base material particles) The material of the base particles is a microcarrier with a specific gravity of 1.10 g / cm 3As long as the above is satisfied, there are no particular limitations. The material of the base particles may be an organic material, an inorganic material, or both an organic material and an inorganic material. The base particles may contain a resin, may contain an inorganic filler, may contain a resin and an inorganic filler, or may not contain a resin. The base particles may be resin particles or inorganic particles. The base particles preferably contain a resin. Because of ease of production, the base particles are preferably resin particles. Only one type of material for the base particles may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. Only one type of resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0051] Examples of the resin include polyolefin resin, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyamide, phenol formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, benzoguanamine formaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, benzoguanamine resin, urea resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, saturated polyester resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyacetal, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, divinylbenzene polymer, and divinylbenzene copolymer.

[0052] The resin is preferably a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group. The base particle preferably contains a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group. In this case, the specific gravity of the base particle can be well adjusted, and as a result, the specific gravity of the microcarrier can be adjusted to a suitable range.

[0053] Examples of the polymer of the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group include acrylic resin, divinylbenzene polymer, divinylbenzene copolymer, etc. The monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0054] The polymer of the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group is preferably an acrylic resin, a divinylbenzene polymer, or a divinylbenzene copolymer, which allows the specific gravity of the base particle to be well adjusted, and as a result, the specific gravity of the microcarrier to be adjusted within a suitable range.

[0055] When the base particle contains a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, the polymer of the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group preferably has a crosslinked structure, which allows the specific gravity of the base particle to be well adjusted, and as a result, the specific gravity of the microcarrier to be adjusted within a suitable range.

[0056] Examples of methods for forming the crosslinked structure include the following: (1) a method of polymerizing a polymerizable component containing a monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, and (2) a method of reacting a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group with a crosslinking agent to form a crosslinked structure.

[0057] In the above method (1), examples of the monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups include divinylbenzene, polyfunctional (meth)acrylate, triallyl (iso)cyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, diallyl phthalate, and diallyl acrylamide, etc. The monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0058] In the method (1), the polymerizable component may contain another monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group. Examples of the other monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group include styrene, monofunctional (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and vinyl chloride. The other monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0059] Examples of the polymer obtained by the above method (1) include a copolymer of divinylbenzene and styrene, and a copolymer of a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate and a monofunctional (meth)acrylate.

[0060] An example of the method (2) above is a method in which a polymerizable component containing a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a functional group containing active hydrogen in the molecule is polymerized to obtain a polymer, and then the polymer is crosslinked using a crosslinking agent.

[0061] Examples of the functional group containing active hydrogen include a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a phenol group. Examples of the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a functional group containing active hydrogen in the molecule include a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, a (meth)acrylic acid, and an amino group-containing (meth)acrylate. The monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a functional group containing active hydrogen in the molecule may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0062] The crosslinking agent is not particularly limited as long as it can react with the functional group containing active hydrogen, and examples thereof include polyfunctional isocyanate compounds, polyfunctional epoxy compounds, etc. The crosslinking agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0063] The specific gravity of the resulting microcarriers is 1.10 g / cm 3 As long as the above is true, the method for forming the crosslinked structure is not limited to these methods.

[0064] The base particles can be obtained, for example, by polymerizing the monomer having the ethylenically unsaturated group. The polymerization method is not particularly limited, and includes known methods such as radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, polycondensation (condensation polymerization, polycondensation), addition condensation, living polymerization, and living radical polymerization. Another polymerization method includes suspension polymerization in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator.

[0065] The base particles may contain an inorganic filler. For example, by using an inorganic filler in combination with a resin having a low specific gravity, the specific gravity of the base particles and microcarriers can be suitably increased.

[0066] Examples of the inorganic filler include carbon black, glass filler, and metal filler. The inorganic fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0067] The content of the resin in 100% by weight of the base particles is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, even more preferably 95% by weight or more, even more preferably 97% by weight or more, even more preferably 99% by weight or more, and most preferably 100% by weight (total amount). Note that the content of the resin in 100% by weight of the base particles may be 100% by weight or less, or may be less than 100% by weight.

[0068] The content of the polymer of the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group in 100% by weight of the base particle is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, even more preferably 95% by weight or more, even more preferably 97% by weight or more, even more preferably 99% by weight or more, and most preferably 100% by weight (total amount). Note that the content of the polymer of the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group in 100% by weight of the base particle may be 100% by weight or less, or may be less than 100% by weight.

[0069] When the base particles are inorganic particles, examples of the inorganic particles include glass particles and metal particles.

[0070] The specific gravity of the base particles is preferably 1.10 g / cm 3 More preferably, 1.12 g / cm 3 More preferably, 1.15 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 6.00 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 5.00 g / cm 3 More preferably 4.00 g / cm or less3 Particularly preferably 2.00 g / cm or less 3 When the specific gravity is equal to or greater than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the specific gravity of the microcarrier can be adjusted to fall within a suitable range.

[0071] The specific gravity of the base particles is measured using a true specific gravity meter.

[0072] The average particle size of the base particles is preferably 100 μm or more, more preferably 150 μm or more, even more preferably 200 μm or more, even more preferably 250 μm or more, even more preferably 300 μm or more, particularly preferably 350 μm or more, preferably 1500 μm or less, more preferably 1000 μm or less, even more preferably 800 μm or less, even more preferably 700 μm or less, and particularly preferably 500 μm or less. The average particle size of the base particles is preferably 100 μm or more and 1500 μm or less, more preferably 150 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, even more preferably 200 μm or more and 800 μm or less, even more preferably 250 μm or more and 700 μm or less, even more preferably 300 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and particularly preferably 350 μm or more and 500 μm or less. When the average particle size is above the lower limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited. When the average particle size is equal to or less than the upper limit, cell aggregates can be formed with a more uniform thickness on the surface of each microcarrier, and the area to which cells can adhere can be further increased.

[0073] The particle size of the base particle means the diameter when the base particle is spherical, and when the base particle has a shape other than spherical, means the diameter when the base particle is assumed to be a true sphere with a volume equivalent to that of the base particle.

[0074] The average particle diameter of the base particles is preferably a number average particle diameter. The average particle diameter of the base particles can be determined by observing 50 random base particles with an electron microscope or optical microscope and calculating the average particle diameter of each base particle, or by using a particle size distribution analyzer. When observed with an electron microscope or optical microscope, the particle diameter of each base particle is determined as the particle diameter in equivalent circle diameter. When observed with an electron microscope or optical microscope, the average particle diameter of 50 random base particles in equivalent circle diameter is approximately equal to the average particle diameter in equivalent sphere diameter. When observed with a particle size distribution analyzer, the particle diameter of each base particle is determined as the particle diameter in equivalent sphere diameter. The average particle diameter of the base particles is preferably calculated using a particle size distribution analyzer.

[0075] (covering layer) The microcarrier comprises a base particle and a coating layer that coats the outer surface of the base particle. The coating layer is a layer composed of components different from the components of the base particle. Components that compose the coating layer include peptides, synthetic resins, etc. The coating layer preferably contains a synthetic resin. Only one type of synthetic resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0076] From the viewpoint of enhancing adhesion between the microcarrier and cells and maintaining a low degree of swelling of the microcarrier, the synthetic resin preferably has a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or a poly(meth)acrylic ester skeleton. In this case, the synthetic resin may have a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton, a poly(meth)acrylic ester skeleton, or a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and a poly(meth)acrylic ester skeleton.

[0077] From the viewpoint of enhancing adhesiveness between the microcarrier and cells, the coating layer preferably contains a peptide moiety, and more preferably contains a synthetic resin having a peptide moiety (peptide backbone). That is, from the viewpoint of enhancing adhesiveness between the microcarrier and cells, the synthetic resin preferably contains a peptide moiety. Note that the embodiment in which the coating layer contains a peptide moiety includes not only an embodiment in which the coating layer contains a synthetic resin having a peptide moiety, but also an embodiment in which the coating layer contains only a peptide. From the viewpoint of further enhancing adhesiveness between the microcarrier and cells, the synthetic resin preferably has a polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone or a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone and a peptide moiety.

[0078] In this specification, a "resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone or a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone and a peptide portion" may be referred to as a "peptide-containing resin." The peptide-conjugated resin may have a polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone and a peptide portion, a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone and a peptide portion, or a polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone, a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone and a peptide portion.

[0079] In the peptide-containing resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton, the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the peptide portion are preferably bonded via a linker portion. Therefore, the peptide-containing resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton preferably has a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton, a peptide portion, and a linker portion.

[0080] In the peptide-containing resin having a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton, the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton and the peptide portion may be bonded via a linker portion or directly without a linker portion. The peptide-containing resin having a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton may have a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton, a peptide portion, and a linker portion.

[0081] <Polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton> The polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone is a backbone portion derived from a polyvinyl alcohol derivative. The polyvinyl alcohol derivative is a compound derived from polyvinyl alcohol. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the adhesiveness between the microcarrier and cells, the polyvinyl alcohol derivative is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin, and the polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone is preferably a polyvinyl acetal backbone. That is, the synthetic resin preferably has a polyvinyl acetal backbone and the peptide portion. The polyvinyl alcohol derivative and the polyvinyl acetal resin may each be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0082] The polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the polyvinyl acetal skeleton preferably have an acetal group, a hydroxyl group, and an acetyl group in their side chains. However, the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the polyvinyl acetal skeleton may not have an acetyl group, for example. For example, by bonding all of the acetyl groups of the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the polyvinyl acetal skeleton to the linker, the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the polyvinyl acetal skeleton may not have an acetyl group.

[0083] The polyvinyl acetal resin can be synthesized by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.

[0084] The aldehyde used for acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol is not particularly limited. Examples of the aldehyde include aldehydes having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The aldehyde may or may not have a chain aliphatic group, a cyclic aliphatic group, or an aromatic group. The aldehyde may be a chain aldehyde or a cyclic aldehyde. Only one type of the aldehyde may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0085] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the adhesiveness between the microcarrier and the cells, the aldehyde is preferably formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, or pentanal, and more preferably butyraldehyde. Therefore, the polyvinyl acetal resin is more preferably a polyvinyl butyral resin, the polyvinyl acetal skeleton is more preferably a polyvinyl butyral skeleton, and the synthetic resin more preferably has a polyvinyl butyral skeleton.

[0086] In the synthetic resin, the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the polyvinyl acetal skeleton (the degree of butyralization in the case of a polyvinyl butyral resin) is preferably 40 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, and preferably 90 mol% or less, more preferably 85 mol% or less. When the degree of acetalization is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the cell fixation can be further improved, and the cells can grow efficiently. When the degree of acetalization is equal to or less than the upper limit, the solubility in solvents can be improved.

[0087] In the synthetic resin, the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount) of the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the polyvinyl acetal skeleton is preferably 15 mol % or more, more preferably 20 mol % or more, and preferably 45 mol % or less, more preferably 30 mol % or less, and even more preferably 25 mol % or less.

[0088] In the synthetic resin, the degree of acetylation (amount of acetyl groups) of the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the polyvinyl acetal skeleton is preferably 1 mol % or more, more preferably 2 mol % or more, and preferably 5 mol % or less, more preferably 4 mol % or less. When the degree of acetylation is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the reaction efficiency between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the linker can be increased.

[0089] The degree of acetalization, the degree of acetylation and the amount of hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the polyvinyl acetal skeleton are 1 It can be measured by H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy).

[0090] <Poly(meth)acrylate skeleton> The poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton is a skeleton portion derived from a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester. The poly(meth)acrylic acid ester is obtained by polymerizing a (meth)acrylic acid ester. The poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton has a skeleton derived from a (meth)acrylic acid ester. Only one type of the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0091] Examples of the (meth)acrylic acid ester include (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid cyclic alkyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid aryl ester, (meth)acrylic acid polyethylene glycol, (meth)acrylic acid phosphorylcholine, etc. The (meth)acrylic acid ester may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0092] Examples of the (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, isodecyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, and isotetradecyl (meth)acrylate.

[0093] The (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester may be substituted with a substituent such as an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and a tetrahydrofurfuryl group. Examples of such (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester include methoxyethyl acrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate.

[0094] Examples of the (meth)acrylic acid cyclic alkyl ester include cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate and isobornyl (meth)acrylate.

[0095] Examples of the (meth)acrylic acid aryl ester include phenyl (meth)acrylate and benzyl (meth)acrylate.

[0096] Examples of the polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylates include methoxy-polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, ethoxy-polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, hydroxy-polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxy-diethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, ethoxy-diethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, hydroxy-diethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxy-triethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, ethoxy-triethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, and hydroxy-triethylene glycol (meth)acrylate.

[0097] Examples of the (meth)acrylate phosphorylcholine include 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine.

[0098] The synthetic resin preferably has a structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylate compound (A) represented by the following formula (A1) or (A2). The poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton preferably has a structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylate compound (A) represented by the following formula (A1) or (A2). This increases the hydrophobicity of the coating layer, thereby further reducing the water absorption rate of the microcarrier. This reduces the variation in the initial adhesion rate after cell seeding, and also makes it difficult for cells to detach from the microcarrier in the culture medium. The (meth)acrylate compound (A) may contain a (meth)acrylate compound represented by the following formula (A1), may contain a (meth)acrylate compound represented by the following formula (A2), or may contain both a (meth)acrylate compound represented by the following formula (A1) and a (meth)acrylate compound represented by the following formula (A2). When the (meth)acrylate compound (A) contains both a (meth)acrylate compound represented by the following formula (A1) and a (meth)acrylate compound represented by the following formula (A2), R in the following formula (A1) and R in the following formula (A2) may be the same or different. The (meth)acrylate compound (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Furthermore, the (meth)acrylate compound represented by the following formula (A1) and the (meth)acrylate compound represented by the following formula (A2) may each be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0099] [ka]

[0100] In the above formula (A1), R represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms.

[0101] [ka]

[0102] In the above formula (A2), R represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms.

[0103] R in the above formula (A1) and R in the above formula (A2) may each be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group. From the viewpoint of improving the solubility of the synthetic resin, R in the above formula (A1) and R in the above formula (A2) are preferably each an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be linear or may have a branched structure, and may or may not have a double bond. R in the above formula (A1) and R in the above formula (A2) may each be an alkyl group or an alkylene group.

[0104] The number of carbon atoms in R in the formula (A1) and the number of carbon atoms in R in the formula (A2) are each preferably 4 or more, more preferably 6 or more, even more preferably 8 or more, particularly preferably 10 or more, preferably 16 or less, more preferably 14 or less, and most preferably 12. When the number of carbon atoms is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the hydrophobicity of the synthetic resin can be further increased, and therefore the water absorption rate of the microcarrier can be further reduced. When the number of carbon atoms is equal to or less than the upper limit, the coatability when disposing the coating layer material on the surface of the base particle can be improved. In particular, when the number of carbon atoms is 12, the water absorption rate of the microcarrier can be further reduced and the coatability can be further improved.

[0105] The (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester is preferably the (meth)acrylate compound (A).

[0106] The synthetic resin having a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton may have a skeleton derived from a monomer other than a (meth)acrylic acid ester.

[0107] Examples of the monomer other than the (meth)acrylic acid ester include (meth)acrylamides, vinyl compounds, etc. The monomer other than the (meth)acrylic acid ester may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0108] Examples of the (meth)acrylamides include (meth)acrylamide, N-isopropyl(meth)acrylamide, N-tert-butyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N'-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, (3-(meth)acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, 4-(meth)acryloylmorpholine, 3-(meth)acryloyl-2-oxazolidinone, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl](meth)acrylamide, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)(meth)acrylamide, N-methylol(meth)acrylamide, and 6-(meth)acrylamidohexanoic acid.

[0109] Examples of the vinyl compound include ethylene, allylamine, vinylpyrrolidone, maleic anhydride, maleimide, itaconic acid, (meth)acrylic acid, and vinylamine.

[0110] <Peptide section> The peptide portion is a structural portion derived from a peptide. The peptide portion has an amino acid sequence. The peptide constituting the peptide portion may be an oligopeptide or a polypeptide. Only one type of the peptide may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0111] The number of amino acid residues in the peptide portion is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, even more preferably 5 or more, and preferably 10 or less, more preferably 8 or less, and even more preferably 6 or less. When the number of amino acid residues is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit and equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, adhesion to cells after seeding can be further improved, and the cell proliferation rate can be further increased. However, the number of amino acid residues in the peptide portion may be more than 10 or more than 15.

[0112] The peptide moiety preferably has a cell-adhesive amino acid sequence. The cell-adhesive amino acid sequence refers to an amino acid sequence whose cell-adhesive activity has been confirmed by phage display, Sepharose bead, or plate coating. The phage display method can be, for example, the method described in "The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 130, Number 5, September 1995, pp. 1189-1196." The Sepharose bead method can be, for example, the method described in "Protein, Nucleic Acid, Enzyme, Vol. 45, No. 15 (2000) 2477." The plate coating method can be, for example, the method described in "Protein, Nucleic Acid, Enzyme, Vol. 45, No. 15 (2000) 2477."

[0113] Examples of the cell adhesive amino acid sequences include the RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp), YIGSR sequence (Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg), PDSGR sequence (Pro-Asp-Ser-Gly-Arg), HAV sequence (His-Ala-Val), ADT sequence (Ala-Asp-Thr), QAV sequence (Gln-Ala-Val), LDV sequence (Leu-Asp-Val), IDS sequence (Ile-Asp-Ser), REDV sequence (Arg-Glu-Asp-Val), IDAPS sequence (Ile-Asp-Ala-Pro-Ser), KQAGDV sequence (Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val), and TDE sequence (Thr-Asp-Glu). Further examples of the cell adhesive amino acid sequence include those described in "Pathophysiology, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 527-535, 1990" and "Osaka Prefectural Maternal and Child Medical Center Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 58-66, 1992." The peptide portion may have only one type of cell adhesive amino acid sequence, or two or more types.

[0114] The cell adhesive amino acid sequence preferably has at least one of the above-mentioned cell adhesive amino acid sequences, more preferably has at least an RGD sequence, a YIGSR sequence, or a PDSGR sequence, and even more preferably has at least an RGD sequence represented by the following formula (1): In this case, adhesiveness to cells after seeding can be further increased, and the cell proliferation rate can be further increased.

[0115] Arg-Gly-Asp-X...Formula (1)

[0116] In the above formula (1), X represents Gly, Ala, Val, Ser, Thr, Phe, Met, Pro, or Asn.

[0117] The peptide portion may be linear or may have a cyclic peptide backbone. From the viewpoint of further enhancing cell proliferation, the peptide portion preferably has a cyclic peptide backbone. The cyclic peptide backbone is a cyclic backbone composed of a plurality of amino acids. From the viewpoint of more effectively exerting the effects of the present invention, the cyclic peptide backbone is preferably composed of 4 or more amino acids, more preferably 5 or more amino acids, and preferably 10 or less amino acids.

[0118] In the peptide-containing resin, the content of the peptide moiety is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 1 mol% or more, even more preferably 5 mol% or more, particularly preferably 10 mol% or more, preferably 60 mol% or less, more preferably 50 mol% or less, even more preferably 35 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 25 mol% or less. When the content of the peptide moiety is above the lower limit, adhesion to cells after seeding can be further improved, and the cell proliferation rate can be further increased. When the content of the peptide moiety is below the upper limit, production costs can be reduced. The content (mol%) of the peptide moiety is the amount of substance of the peptide moiety relative to the sum of the amounts of substance of each structural unit constituting the peptide-containing resin.

[0119] The content of the peptide moiety can be measured by, for example, NMR, FT-IR, or LC-MS.

[0120] <Linker section> The linker portion is a structural moiety derived from a linker. The linker portion is usually located between the polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone or the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone and the peptide portion. The polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone or the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone and the peptide portion are bonded via the linker portion. The linker portion is formed by a linker (crosslinking agent). Only one type of the linker may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0121] The linker is preferably a compound having a functional group capable of binding to the peptide, and more preferably a compound having a functional group capable of condensing with a carboxyl group or amino group of the peptide.

[0122] Examples of the functional group capable of condensing with the carboxyl group or amino group of the peptide include a carboxyl group, a thiol group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, and a cyano group.

[0123] From the viewpoint of favorable reaction with the peptide, the linker is preferably a compound having a carboxyl group or an amino group, and more preferably a compound having a carboxyl group.

[0124] When a peptide-containing resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton is obtained, examples of the linker having a carboxyl group include (meth)acrylic acid and carboxyl group-containing acrylamide, etc. By using a carboxylic acid (carboxylic acid monomer) having a polymerizable unsaturated group as the linker having a carboxyl group, the carboxylic acid monomer can be polymerized by graft polymerization when the linker is introduced, thereby increasing the number of carboxyl groups that can react with the peptide.

[0125] From the viewpoint of effectively binding the polyvinyl alcohol derivative and the peptide, the linker is preferably (meth)acrylic acid, and more preferably acrylic acid.

[0126] When obtaining a peptide-containing resin having a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone, the linker preferably has a functional group capable of bonding to a (meth)acrylic acid ester. Examples of the functional group capable of bonding to a (meth)acrylic acid ester include a vinyl group, a (meth)acryloyl group, and an allyl group. The linker more preferably has a (meth)acryloyl group as the functional group capable of bonding to the (meth)acrylic acid ester, and is preferably a compound having a carboxyl group or an amino group and a (meth)acryloyl group.

[0127] Examples of the linker for obtaining a peptide-containing resin having a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton include (meth)acrylic acid, itaconic acid, and acrylamide.

[0128] From the viewpoint of effectively bonding the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester and the peptide, the linker is preferably (meth)acrylic acid or itaconic acid, and more preferably (meth)acrylic acid.

[0129] <Other details of the coating layer> The weight-average molecular weight of the synthetic resin is preferably 10,000 or more, more preferably 50,000 or more, and preferably 1,200,000 or less, more preferably 600,000 or less. When the weight-average molecular weight is equal to or greater than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited. When the weight-average molecular weight is equal to or less than the upper limit, the extensibility of cells during cell culture can be more effectively improved.

[0130] The weight-average molecular weight can be measured, for example, by the following method: The synthetic resin is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to prepare a 0.2 wt % solution of the synthetic resin. Next, the weight-average molecular weight is evaluated using a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measuring device (APC system, manufactured by Waters) under the following measurement conditions.

[0131] Column: HSPgel HR MB-M 6.0 x 150 mm Flow rate: 0.5mL / min Column temperature: 40℃ Injection volume: 10μL Detector: RI, PDA Standard sample: polystyrene

[0132] The coating layer may contain only the resin having the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton. The coating layer may contain the peptide-containing resin and a resin having the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton but not a peptide moiety. The coating layer may contain other components, such as a resin having neither the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton nor the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton. Examples of the other components include polyolefin resins, polyether resins, polyesters, epoxy resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyurethane resins, polycarbonate resins, cellulose, and polypeptides. Only one type of the other components may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0133] The coating layer may have only a layer containing the resin having the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "layer X"). The coating layer may have a layer not containing the resin having the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "layer Y"). The coating layer may have layer X and layer Y. When the coating layer has layer X and layer Y, it is preferable that layer Y is located on the substrate particle side and layer X is located outside layer Y. In this case, the adhesiveness between the microcarrier and the cells can be further improved.

[0134] The peptide-containing resin is preferably present at least on the outer surface of the microcarrier. The outermost layer of the microcarrier is preferably a layer containing the peptide-containing resin. In this case, the adhesiveness between the microcarrier and cells can be further enhanced.

[0135] The content of the synthetic resin in 100% by weight of the coating layer is preferably 90% by weight or more, more preferably 95% by weight or more, even more preferably 97.5% by weight or more, particularly preferably 99% by weight or more, and most preferably 100% by weight (total amount). When the content of the synthetic resin is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited. The content of the synthetic resin in 100% by weight of the coating layer may be 100% by weight or less, or may be less than 100% by weight.

[0136] The content of the resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or a poly(meth)acrylic ester skeleton or the peptide-containing resin in 100% by weight of the coating layer is preferably 90% by weight or more, more preferably 95% by weight or more, even more preferably 97.5% by weight or more, particularly preferably 99% by weight or more, and most preferably 100% by weight (total amount). When the content of the resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or a poly(meth)acrylic ester skeleton or the peptide-containing resin is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited. The content of the resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or a poly(meth)acrylic ester skeleton or the peptide-containing resin in 100% by weight of the coating layer may be 100% by weight or less, or may be less than 100% by weight.

[0137] The surface area covered by the coating layer (coverage rate) of the total surface area (100%) of the base particle is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, even more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 99% or more, and most preferably 100%. When the coverage rate is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the adhesiveness between the microcarrier and cells can be further improved, and the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exerted. The coverage rate may be 100% or less, less than 100%, or 99% or less.

[0138] The coverage rate can be determined by observing the microcarrier under an electron microscope or an optical microscope and calculating the percentage of the surface area covered by the coating layer relative to the projected area of ​​the base particle.

[0139] The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 10 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more, and preferably 1000 nm or less, more preferably 500 nm or less. When the thickness of the coating layer is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit and equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the adhesiveness between the microcarrier and the cells can be further improved. Furthermore, when the thickness of the coating layer is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit and equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exerted.

[0140] The thickness of the coating layer can be measured by observing the cross section of the microcarrier using, for example, a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thickness of the coating layer is preferably calculated by averaging the thickness of five arbitrary coating layers, and more preferably by averaging the thickness of the entire coating layer. The thickness of the coating layer is preferably determined by calculating the average thickness of the coating layer of each of 50 arbitrary microcarriers.

[0141] The peptide-containing resin having the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton can be obtained, for example, by the following method.

[0142] A polyvinyl alcohol derivative (e.g., a polyvinyl acetal resin) is reacted with a linker to obtain a reaction product in which the polyvinyl acetal resin and the linker are bonded. The resulting reaction product is reacted with a peptide to obtain a peptide-containing resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton (polyvinyl acetal skeleton).

[0143] The peptide-containing resin having the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton can be obtained, for example, by the following method.

[0144] An acrylic resin is obtained by polymerizing a monomer containing a (meth)acrylic acid ester, and the resulting acrylic resin is reacted with a peptide and, optionally, a linker to obtain a peptide-containing resin having a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone.

[0145] Examples of methods for obtaining a peptide-containing resin having the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton and the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton include the following methods.

[0146] A resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone and a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone is obtained by the following method (i), (ii), or (iii): (i) A polyvinyl acetal resin is synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol copolymerized with an acrylic acid ester; (ii) A polyvinyl acetal resin is synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol copolymerized with an acrylic acid ester; (iii) An acrylic acid ester is graft-copolymerized onto the polyvinyl acetal resin; The resin obtained by the above method (i), (ii), or (iii) is reacted with a peptide and a linker, if necessary, to obtain a peptide-containing resin having the polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone and the poly(meth)acrylic acid ester backbone.

[0147] Examples of methods for obtaining microcarriers by disposing the coating layer on the surface of the base particle include the following methods (1) and (2).

[0148] Method (1): The peptide-containing resin obtained by the above method is dissolved in a solvent to obtain a liquid containing the peptide-containing resin. The liquid containing the peptide-containing resin is sprayed onto base particles, or base particles impregnated with the liquid containing the peptide-containing resin are separated, thereby producing microcarriers having a layer (coating layer) containing the peptide-containing resin on the outer surface of the base particles.

[0149] Method (2): A resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton (resin before peptide bonding) is prepared. This resin is dissolved in a solvent to obtain a resin-containing liquid. The resin-containing liquid is sprayed onto base particles, or the base particles impregnated with the resin-containing liquid are separated to obtain particles having a layer containing a resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative or a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester disposed on the outer surface of the base particles. The resin containing a polyvinyl alcohol derivative or a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester contained in the layer is reacted with a peptide and an optional linker using the method described above for the obtained particles. In this way, a microcarrier can be produced having, as coating layers on the outer surface of the base particles, a layer containing a resin having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton but no peptide moiety and a layer containing a peptide-containing resin.

[0150] (Other details of the microcarrier) The microcarriers are used to culture cells.

[0151] The cells include animal cells from humans, mice, rats, pigs, cows, monkeys, etc. The cells also include somatic cells, such as stem cells, progenitor cells, and mature cells. The somatic cells may be cancer cells.

[0152] Examples of the stem cells include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), iPS cells, ES cells, Muse cells, embryonic cancer cells, embryonic germ stem cells, and mGS cells.

[0153] Examples of the mature cells include nerve cells, cardiac muscle cells, retinal cells, and hepatic cells.

[0154] The microcarriers are preferably used for three-dimensional cell culture, which is a culture method in which cells are cultured with thickness in the vertical direction, as opposed to two-dimensional culture in which cells are cultured on a flat surface such as a plate.

[0155] The microcarriers are preferably used for serum-free culture. The microcarriers can enhance cell adhesion even in serum-free culture without feeder cells or adhesive proteins, and in particular, can further enhance the initial cell fixation rate after cell seeding. Furthermore, the microcarriers can exhibit the effects of the present invention even in serum-free culture. In particular, when the coating layer contains the peptide-containing resin, the effects of enhancing cell adhesion and enhancing the initial cell fixation rate after cell seeding are effectively exhibited, even in serum-free culture.

[0156] Preferably, the microcarrier is substantially free of animal-derived ingredients. By being free of animal-derived ingredients, it is possible to provide a microcarrier that is highly safe and has little variation in quality during production. Note that "substantially free of animal-derived ingredients" means that the animal-derived ingredients in the microcarrier are 3% by weight or less. In the microcarrier, the animal-derived ingredients in the microcarrier are preferably 1% by weight or less, and most preferably 0% by weight. In other words, it is most preferable that the microcarrier is completely free of animal-derived ingredients.

[0157] (Cell culture method) The microcarriers can be used to culture cells. The cell culture method according to the present invention is a method for culturing cells using the microcarriers described above. Examples of the cells include the cells described above.

[0158] The cell culture method preferably includes a step of adhering cells to the microcarriers. The cells may be cell clusters. The cell clusters can be obtained by adding a cell release agent to a confluent culture vessel and homogenizing the cells by pipetting. The cell release agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably ethylenediamine / phosphate buffer solution. The size of the cell clusters is preferably 50 μm to 200 μm.

[0159] The cell culture method preferably includes a step of shaking or stirring the microcarriers to which cells are attached in a medium. The step of shaking or stirring the microcarriers in a medium is preferably a step of suspending the microcarriers to which cells are attached in the medium. In the step of suspending the microcarriers to which cells are attached in the medium, it is preferable to suspend all of the microcarriers, although some of the microcarriers may remain at the bottom of the container.

[0160] The cell culture method preferably comprises a step of settling the microcarriers to which cells are adhered and a step of exchanging the culture medium. The step of settling the microcarriers preferably comprises a step of allowing the microcarriers to settle by gravity to which cells are adhered. In the step of settling the microcarriers, all of the microcarriers may be settled to the bottom of the culture vessel, or some of the microcarriers may be left floating in the culture medium. The step of exchanging the culture medium preferably comprises a step of removing the supernatant culture medium and a step of adding new culture medium. In the step of removing the supernatant culture medium, the culture medium located above the settled microcarriers is removed. From the viewpoints of preventing the removal of microcarriers to which cells are adhered and improving cell culture efficiency, it is preferable that the number of microcarriers remaining floating in the culture medium after the step of settling the microcarriers is completed and before the step of removing the supernatant culture medium is started.

[0161] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0162] The content of structural units in the obtained resin was determined by dissolving the synthetic resin in DMSO-d6 (dimethyl sulfoxide) and then 1 Measurement was performed by 1 H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy).

[0163] Example 1 (1) Preparation of base particle A A mixture of 800 parts by weight of divinylbenzene (57% purity) and 200 parts by weight of styrene was obtained. 20 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide was added to the mixture and stirred until uniformly dissolved, yielding a monomer mixture. 4000 parts by weight of a 2 wt% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol with a molecular weight of approximately 1700 dissolved in pure water was placed in a reactor. The resulting monomer mixture was then placed in the reactor and stirred for 4 hours to adjust the particle size of the monomer droplets to the desired diameter. The reaction was then carried out for 9 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere at 85°C, resulting in the polymerization of the monomer droplets, yielding particles. The resulting particles were washed several times with hot water, methanol, and acetone, and then classified to yield base particles A with an average particle size of 100 μm and a particle size CV of 1%. Base particles A are resin particles of divinylbenzene copolymer (referred to as DVB in the table).

[0164] (2) Preparation of polyvinyl acetal resin 2700 mL of ion-exchanged water and 300 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol with an average degree of polymerization of 1700 and a degree of saponification of 99 mol% were added to a reactor equipped with a stirrer, and the mixture was heated and dissolved while stirring to obtain a solution. 35 wt% hydrochloric acid was added as a catalyst to the obtained solution so that the hydrochloric acid concentration was 0.2 wt%. The temperature was then adjusted to 15°C, and 22 parts by weight of n-butylaldehyde was added while stirring. Next, 148 parts by weight of n-butylaldehyde was added, precipitating a white granular polyvinyl acetal resin (polyvinyl butyral resin). 15 minutes after precipitation, 35 wt% hydrochloric acid was added so that the hydrochloric acid concentration was 1.8 wt%, and the mixture was then heated to 50°C and maintained at 50°C for 2 hours. Next, the solution was cooled and neutralized, and then the polyvinyl butyral resin was washed with water and dried to obtain a polyvinyl acetal resin (polyvinyl butyral resin, average degree of polymerization 1700, degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization) 70 mol%, amount of hydroxyl groups 27 mol%, degree of acetylation 3 mol%).

[0165] (3) Formation of the linker part 99 parts by weight of the obtained polyvinyl acetal resin and 1 part by weight of acrylic acid (linker) were dissolved in 300 parts by weight of THF (tetrahydrofuran), and the mixture was reacted for 20 minutes under ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of a photoradical polymerization initiator to graft copolymerize the polyvinyl acetal resin and acrylic acid, thereby forming a linker moiety.

[0166] (4) Preparation of polyvinyl acetal resin-coated particles with linker moieties One part by weight of the polyvinyl acetal resin with a linker moiety was dissolved in 19 parts by weight of butanol. One part by weight of base particle A was added to the resulting solution and stirred, followed by filtration, washing with pure water, and vacuum drying at 60°C for 5 hours to obtain polyvinyl acetal resin-coated particles with a linker moiety.

[0167] (5) Preparation of microcarriers A linear peptide (5 amino acid residues) with the amino acid sequence Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser was prepared. One part by weight of this peptide and 1 part by weight of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (condensing agent) were added to calcium- and magnesium-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to a final peptide concentration of 1 mM to prepare a peptide-containing solution. One part by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin-coated particles with linker moieties was added to 20 parts by weight of the resulting peptide-containing solution, resulting in dehydration condensation between the carboxyl group of the linker moiety and the amino group of Gly in the peptide. The resulting suspension was filtered, washed with purified water, and vacuum-dried at 60°C for 5 hours to obtain microcarriers. In the tables, the peptide-containing resin with a polyvinyl alcohol derivative backbone (polyvinyl acetal backbone) obtained by the above method is referred to as Resin X1. Resin X1 has the amino acid sequence Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser as the peptide moiety.

[0168] Example 2 (1) Preparation of base particle B Particles were obtained by carrying out a polymerization reaction in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained particles were subjected to classification to obtain base particles B having an average particle size of 200 μm and a CV value of the particle size of 1%.

[0169] (2) Preparation of microcarriers A microcarrier was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the obtained base particle B was used.

[0170] Example 3 (1) Preparation of base particle C Particles were obtained by carrying out a polymerization reaction in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained particles were subjected to classification to obtain base particles C having an average particle diameter of 300 μm and a CV value of the particle diameter of 1%.

[0171] (2) Preparation of microcarriers A microcarrier was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the obtained base particle C was used.

[0172] Example 4 (1) Preparation of base particle D Particles were obtained by carrying out a polymerization reaction in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained particles were subjected to classification to obtain base particles D having an average particle size of 400 μm and a CV value of the particle size of 1%.

[0173] (2) Preparation of microcarriers A microcarrier was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the obtained base particle D was used.

[0174] Example 5 (1) Preparation of base particle E Micropearl GS-L300 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., average particle size 300 μm, particle size CV value 7%, multifunctional acrylic resin particles) was prepared. These particles were classified to obtain base particles E with an average particle size of 300 μm and a particle size CV value of 1%. Base particles E are resin particles made of acrylic resin (referred to as ACR in the table).

[0175] (2) Preparation of microcarriers A microcarrier was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the obtained base particle E was used.

[0176] Example 6 (1) Preparation of base particle F Carbon black with a polymer-coated surface was prepared. 5 parts by weight of this carbon black, 47.5 parts by weight of divinylbenzene, and 47.5 parts by weight of tetramethylolmethane triacrylate were mixed to obtain a dispersion. 20 parts by weight of lauroyl peroxide was added to this dispersion and mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed solution. The resulting mixed solution was added to 8,500 parts by weight of a 3% by weight aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, thoroughly stirred, and then adjusted to the desired emulsion diameter using a homogenizer to obtain an emulsion. This emulsion was transferred to a 20-liter reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer, stirrer, and reflux condenser, heated to 85°C while stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere, and polymerized for 7 hours. The polymerization reaction was then cooled, and the resulting particles were washed several times with hot water, methanol, and acetone. The resulting particles were then classified to obtain base particles F with an average particle diameter of 300 μm and a particle diameter CV value of 1%. Base particles F are divinylbenzene copolymer resin particles (containing carbon black as an inorganic filler; indicated as +CB in the table).

[0177] (2) Preparation of microcarriers A microcarrier was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the obtained base particle F was used.

[0178] Example 7 Base particles C were used as the base particles.

[0179] (2) Preparation of acrylic resin An acrylic monomer solution was obtained by dissolving 10 parts by weight of dodecyl acrylate and 2.7 parts by weight of acrylic acid in 27 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran. 0.0575 parts by weight of Irgacure 184 (manufactured by BASF) was dissolved in the obtained acrylic monomer solution, and the obtained solution was applied to a PET film. The coated material was irradiated with light of 365 nm wavelength at an integrated light dose of 2000 mJ / cm using a UV conveyor device ("ECS301G1" manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd.) at 25°C. 2 A (meth)acrylic copolymer solution was obtained by irradiating with light at 80° C. The obtained (meth)acrylic copolymer solution was dried in vacuum at 80° C. for 3 hours to obtain an acrylic resin having a linker moiety.

[0180] (3) Preparation of acrylic resin-coated particles One part by weight of the obtained acrylic resin was dissolved in 19 parts by weight of butanol, and one part by weight of base particles was added to this solution and stirred, and then the mixture was filtered, washed with pure water, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 5 hours to obtain acrylic resin-coated particles.

[0181] (4) Preparation of microcarriers The obtained acrylic resin-coated particles were used. A cyclic peptide having the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Lys (5 amino acid residues, Arg and Lys bonded to form a cyclic skeleton, Phe is D-form) was also prepared as a peptide. A microcarrier was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that this peptide was used to dehydrate and condense the carboxyl group in the structural unit derived from acrylic acid of the acrylic resin with the amino group of Lys in the peptide. In the table, the peptide-containing resin having a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton obtained by the above-mentioned method is referred to as resin X2. Resin X2 has the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Lys (cyclic peptide skeleton) as the peptide portion.

[0182] (Comparative Example 1) (1) Preparation of base particle G Corning's "untreated microcarrier" (base particles are polystyrene particles, indicated as PS in the table) was classified to set the particle size CV value to 1%, and the resulting particles were used as base particles G.

[0183] (2) Preparation of microcarriers A microcarrier was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that base particle G was used.

[0184] (Comparative Example 2) The obtained base particles C themselves were used as microcarriers.

[0185] (Reference example A) Corning's "Low Concentration Synthemax II Microcarriers" (microcarriers with PS particles as base particles and a fibronectin coating layer) were classified, and the particles with a CV value of 1% were used as is.

[0186] (evaluation) (1) Specific gravity of base particles and microcarriers The specific gravities of the obtained base particles and microcarriers were measured in a dry state and in an argon gas atmosphere using a true density meter (Shimadzu Corporation, "Accupyk II").

[0187] (2) Average particle size and coefficient of variation (CV value) of particle size of microcarriers The obtained microcarriers were observed under a scanning electron microscope, and the average particle size and coefficient of variation (CV value) of the equivalent circle diameter of 50 randomly selected microcarriers were calculated.

[0188] (3) Thickness of the coating layer The cross sections of the obtained microcarriers were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The thickness of the coating layer of each of 50 randomly selected microcarriers was measured, and the average value was taken as the thickness of the coating layer of the microcarrier.

[0189] (4) Water absorption rate of microcarriers The obtained microcarriers were dried in an oven at 100°C for 8 hours. 100.0 mg of this microcarrier was weighed and left to stand for 24 hours in an environment at a temperature of 37°C and a relative humidity of 95%RH. After standing, the weight of the microcarrier was measured, and the water absorption rate of the microcarrier was calculated using the following formula.

[0190] Water absorption rate (weight %)=(W2-W1) / W1×100 W1: Weight of microcarriers before standing (mg) W2: Weight of microcarriers after standing (mg)

[0191] (5) Microcarrier settling time PBS buffer was poured into a 100 mL measuring cylinder to a depth of 60 cm. 500 mg of the obtained microcarriers were slowly poured into the cylinder from a height of 20 cm above the water surface. The time from pouring until the microcarriers completely settled to the bottom of the measuring cylinder was measured.

[0192] (6)Cell culture T-flasks (manufactured by Corning, 60 mL capacity, no surface treatment) were used as culture vessels. The following liquid media and ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) specific inhibitors were also prepared.

[0193] STEMFIT medium (Ajinomoto Healthy Supply Co., Ltd.) ROCK inhibitor (Y27632)

[0194] Confluent h-iPS cells 201B7 were placed in a 35 mm dish at a density of 3.8 × 10 4 1 mL of 0.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid / phosphate buffer solution was added to the microcarriers, and the mixture was left to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes. After removing the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid / phosphate buffer solution, 1 mL of liquid medium was added by pipetting to obtain a cell suspension. The resulting microcarriers (equivalent to a surface area of ​​150 cm) were 2The entire volume of the cell suspension was added to a culture vessel containing 30 mL of liquid medium. The culture vessel was placed in a shaker and cultured with shaking at 37°C, 5% CO2, and 46 rpm.

[0195] (6-1) Microcarrier aggregation by cell clumps Three days after the start of shaking culture, the culture vessel was removed and left to stand until the microcarriers had completely settled, after which the supernatant liquid medium was replaced with fresh liquid medium. After the medium change, the microcarriers were collected and 50 randomly selected microcarriers were observed under a phase-contrast microscope to count the number of microcarriers that existed independently, without adhering to adjacent microcarriers via cell clumps.

[0196] <Criteria for determining microcarrier aggregation due to cell clumps> AA: The number of independently existing microcarriers is 45 or more. A: The number of independently existing microcarriers is 40 or more and 44 or less. B: The number of independently existing microcarriers is 30 or more and 39 or less. C: The number of independently existing microcarriers is 29 or less.

[0197] (6-2) Cell culture evaluation (cell count) Five days after the start of shaking culture, 30 ml of the supernatant liquid medium was removed from the culture vessel. Next, 7.5 ml of TryPLE Express detachment solution was added to the culture vessel and suspended by pipetting. The suspension was then added to a cell strainer along with the microcarriers to separate the microcarriers from the cell suspension. The number of cells contained in the resulting cell suspension was determined using a cell counter (Chemometec, NucleoCounter NC-3000).

[0198] <Criteria for evaluating cell culture> AA: 4.0 × 10 cells 5 pcs or more A: The number of cells is 3.0 × 10 5pcs or more, 4.0×10 5 Less than B: The number of cells is 1.0 × 10 5 pcs or more, 3.0×10 5 Less than C: Cell count is 1.0 × 10 5 Less than

[0199] The details and results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0200] [Table 1]

[0201] [Table 2] [Explanation of symbols]

[0202] 1. Microcarriers for cell culture 2...Base material particles 3…Covering layer

Claims

1. Base particles; a coating layer that coats the outer surface of the base particle, the coating layer comprises a peptide-containing resin; the peptide-containing resin has a polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton or a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton and a peptide portion; the polyvinyl alcohol derivative skeleton is a polyvinyl acetal skeleton, The poly(meth)acrylic acid ester skeleton has a structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylate compound (A) represented by the following formula (A1) or the following formula (A2): Specific gravity is 1.10 g / cm ３ That is all about the microcarrier for cell culture. 【Chemistry 1】 In the formula (A1), R represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. 【Chemistry 2】 In the formula (A2), R represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

2. 2. The microcarrier for cell culture according to claim 1, which has a water absorption rate of 10% by weight or less.

3. A microcarrier for cell culture according to claim 1 or 2, having a specific gravity of 1.11 g / cm 3 or more.

4. The peptide-containing resin has the polyvinyl acetal skeleton, 4. The microcarrier for cell culture according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl acetal skeleton is a polyvinyl butyral skeleton.

5. The microcarrier for cell culture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base particles are resin particles.

6. 6. The microcarrier for cell culture according to claim 1, wherein the base particle comprises a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group.

7. 7. The microcarrier for cell culture according to claim 6, wherein the polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group is an acrylic resin, a divinylbenzene polymer, or a divinylbenzene copolymer.

8. The microcarrier for cell culture according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which has an average particle size of 100 µm or more and 1500 µm or less.

9. A microcarrier for cell culture described in any one of claims 1 to 8, having an average particle diameter of 250 μm or more.

10. 10. The microcarrier for cell culture according to claim 1, wherein the CV value of the particle diameter is 10% or less.

11. A step of adhering cells to the microcarrier for cell culture according to any one of claims 1 to 10; allowing the cell culture microcarriers to settle, to which the cells have adhered; and replacing the culture medium.

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