Long-distance underwater power supply system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of underwater power supply, and provides a long-distance underwater power supply system applicable to a seabed observation system including a plurality of load nodes. [Solution] The power supply system includes at least one terminal power source and a plurality of branch nodes, the terminal power source being electrically connected to the plurality of branch nodes in sequence via a trunk cable, the terminal power source being capable of outputting a constant current to the trunk cable, the plurality of branch nodes being respectively connected to at least one corresponding load node, each branch node and the corresponding load node being respectively connected to an undersea earth, and the branch nodes being capable of converting the constant current transmitted through the trunk cable into a constant voltage current and outputting the constant voltage current to the load node.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of underwater power supply, and in particular to a long-distance underwater power supply system. [Background technology]

[0002] The ocean-floor observation network is an Earth science observation platform that consists of a land-based terminal station installed on the coast and various scientific observation instruments installed on the seafloor. The terminal equipment is connected to the scientific instruments via undersea cables, enabling continuous power supply and data transmission. On this platform, various observation and detection instruments can operate continuously for long periods of time under the power supply conditions of the terminal station, and the detection data can be continuously transmitted to the land-based terminal communication equipment via optical fiber.

[0003] The power supply methods currently used in undersea observation networks are mainly divided into two types: constant voltage and constant current. The constant voltage power supply method typically uses power supply equipment at the terminal station to generate high-voltage DC power, and the undersea equipment must use a high-voltage power supply to convert the high-voltage DC power to the operating voltage required by the instrument itself. The constant current power supply method typically uses power supply equipment at the terminal station to generate DC current, and the undersea equipment only needs to convert the current to the voltage required by itself.

[0004] However, the constant voltage power supply method requires a complex high-voltage power supply design, and power supply failures affect all the equipment it serves. High voltage inevitably causes noise and serious interference in downstream equipment, requiring additional filtering measures to be designed into downstream equipment, which impacts the reliability of the power supply system. The constant current power supply method is limited by the undersea cable loss and the total voltage received by the equipment not exceeding the maximum output voltage of the terminal power supply equipment. Therefore, it is only suitable for powering low- to medium-power equipment on the undersea cable trunk, and is not applicable to long-distance multi-node undersea observation networks. Therefore, how to provide stable and reliable power supply to long-distance multi-node undersea observation networks is an urgent issue that needs to be resolved. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a long-distance underwater power supply system to solve the problem of low stability and reliability of the power supply system when powering a long-distance multi-node underwater system. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] An embodiment of the present application provides a long-distance underwater power supply system applicable to an underwater observation system, the underwater observation system including a plurality of load nodes, the power supply system including at least one terminal power supply and a plurality of branch nodes, the terminal power supplies being electrically connected to the plurality of branch nodes in sequence via a trunk cable, the terminal power supplies being arranged to output a constant current to the trunk cable, the plurality of branch nodes being respectively connected to load nodes corresponding to the branch nodes, one branch node corresponding to at least one load node, the branch nodes being electrically connected to the load nodes via a branch circuit cable, each branch node and the load node being respectively connected to an underwater earth, the branch nodes and the load nodes corresponding to the branch nodes returning via the underwater earth, the branch nodes being arranged to convert the constant current transmitted through the trunk cable into a constant voltage current and output the constant voltage current to the load nodes.

[0007] In this way, the constant current output from the terminal power supply can be converted by the branch node to better supply power to the load node, and at the same time, the return current can be used by using the ground, thereby reducing the cable installation between the branch node and the load node and reducing the cost of long-distance power supply. This reduces power supply stability issues caused by cable breakage.

[0008] In one possible embodiment, the terminal power supply includes a plurality of power supply modules, which are connected in series, and the positive terminal of one power supply module is electrically connected to the mains cable, so that the terminal power supply can output a constant current using the plurality of power supply modules, thereby improving the power of the output current, improving the redundancy of the power supply, and improving the stability of the power supply system.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the terminal power supply further includes a plurality of first bypass modules, each corresponding to the plurality of power supply modules in a one-to-one correspondence, and each first bypass module is electrically connected between the positive and negative terminals of the power supply module corresponding to the first bypass module, and each first bypass module is configured to switch to a conductive state to short-circuit the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding power supply module in response to an output abnormality occurring in the corresponding power supply module, where the output abnormality includes the current value of the output current of the power supply module being outside the preset current range of the power supply module. In this way, the first bypass module can be used to isolate a fault in a power supply module, preventing the faulty power supply module from affecting the output stability of the terminal power supply and improving the reliability of power supply.

[0010] In one possible embodiment, the power supply modules are arranged to adjust the output current within a preset current range during output so that the output voltage and output power of each power supply module are the same, thereby evenly distributing the output power of each power supply module, avoiding heat concentration and favoring long-term use of the terminal power supply.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the branch node includes at least one constant current / constant voltage conversion module, the first and second ends of which are electrically connected to the trunk cable, the third end of which is electrically connected to the load node via the branch circuit cable, and the fourth end of which is electrically connected to the undersea earth, and the constant current / constant voltage conversion module is configured to receive the constant current output from the terminal power supply via the first end or the second end, convert the constant current into a constant voltage current of a predetermined voltage, and output it to the load node via the third end. In this way, the constant current is processed at the branch node and converted into a constant voltage current to match the operating voltage and rated power of the load node, thereby improving the diversity of devices connected to the power supply system and adapting the power supply system to long-distance and multi-node power supply scenarios.

[0012] In one possible embodiment, the branch node further includes a first isolation module and at least one second bypass module, wherein the first isolation module is installed between the constant current-constant voltage conversion module and the main cable, and the first isolation module is configured to interrupt the connection between the constant current-constant voltage conversion module and the main cable in response to a fault in the constant current-constant voltage conversion module or the load node, the fault including a short circuit, an open circuit, or a ground fault occurring in the constant current-constant voltage conversion module and its corresponding load node, and the second bypass module is installed on the main cable, one end of the second bypass module is connected to a first end of the constant current-constant voltage conversion module via the first isolation module, and the other end of the second bypass module is connected to a second end of the constant current-constant voltage conversion module via the first isolation module, and the second bypass module is configured to conduct the main cable electrically connected to the first end and the second end of the constant current-constant voltage conversion module in response to a fault in the constant current-constant voltage conversion module or the load node. In this way, the branch node or load node where the fault occurs can be isolated, preventing a fault occurring in the branch circuit from affecting the power supply in the trunk cable and improving the stability of the power supply.

[0013] In one possible embodiment, the constant current-constant voltage conversion module includes an input circuit, a conversion circuit, and an output circuit, the input circuit is electrically connected to a first end and a second end, and the input circuit is configured to receive and filter a constant current transmitted from a main cable via the first end or the second end, the conversion circuit is electrically connected to the input circuit and the output circuit, respectively, and the conversion circuit is configured to respond to the constant current filtered by the input circuit and convert it into a constant voltage current, and the output circuit is electrically connected to a third end, and the output circuit is configured to filter the constant voltage current generated by the conversion circuit and output it via the third end. In this way, the constant current can be converted into a constant voltage current to adapt to the demand of the load node, thereby allowing the power supply system to supply power to multiple types of load nodes with different demands.

[0014] In one possible embodiment, the conversion circuit includes a switch circuit, a main power transformer, and a rectifier circuit, the switch circuit is electrically connected to the input circuit and the main power transformer respectively, the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the main power transformer and the output circuit respectively, and the main power transformer is installed in an electrically isolated area, so that the input current can be processed and the electrically isolated area can be used to reduce crosstalk and ensure electrical safety during constant current to constant voltage conversion.

[0015] In one possible embodiment, the topology of the switch circuit includes one of a full-bridge topology and a half-bridge topology, and the switch circuit includes a switch transistor, which is one of an insulated gate bipolar transistor and a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor. In this way, the constant current / constant voltage conversion process can be controlled to output a required constant voltage current, and the power of the output current can be controlled by adjusting the structure, thereby better meeting the operating demand of the corresponding load node.

[0016] In one possible embodiment, the constant current / constant voltage conversion module further includes a feedback circuit and a control circuit, the control circuit is disposed between the input circuit and the conversion circuit, the feedback circuit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the conversion circuit and the control circuit respectively, the feedback circuit is configured to respond to the output voltage of the conversion circuit to generate a feedback signal and send it to the control circuit, and the control circuit is configured to respond to the feedback signal to generate a control signal and send it to the conversion circuit. In this way, the output constant voltage current can be used to provide feedback and control to the conversion module, thereby allowing the constant current / constant voltage conversion module to maintain its output state and improving the stability of power supply to the load node.

[0017] In one possible embodiment, the branch nodes are electrically connected to the load nodes via branch circuit cables, and if the number of load nodes corresponding to the branch nodes is two or more, the load nodes are installed in series and / or parallel to the branch circuit cables corresponding to the branch nodes, and the input voltage of each load node is equal to or less than the voltage of the constant voltage / current output from the branch node, and the input power of each load node is equal to or less than the power of the constant voltage / current output from the branch node. In this way, multiple load nodes can be connected to one branch circuit and supplied with power simultaneously, and the power supply system can be connected to different load nodes, thereby increasing the application scenarios of the power supply system.

[0018] In one possible embodiment, the load node includes at least one load device and a second isolation module, the load device being electrically connected to a branch circuit cable, the second isolation module being installed on the branch circuit cable electrically connected to the load device, and the second isolation module being configured to, in response to a fault occurring in the load device, interrupt the connection between the load device and the branch circuit cable to stop operation of the load device in which the fault has occurred, the fault including a short circuit, an open circuit, or a ground fault occurring in the load device. Thus, the load Power supply control can be performed for the load devices at the node, and when some of the load devices at the load node fail, the individual isolation method can be used to maintain normal operation of the other load devices at the load node, improving the power supply reliability of the power supply system.

[0019] In one possible embodiment, if the load node is a mobile load node, the branch node includes a first constant current / constant voltage conversion module, and the load node includes a second constant current / constant voltage conversion module, the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module and the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module can be electromagnetically coupled to connect the branch node and the load node, the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module is electrically connected to a load device at the load node, the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module is arranged to convert a constant current received by the branch node into a corresponding magnetic field, and the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module is arranged to generate a corresponding constant voltage current in response to coupling with the magnetic field generated by the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module to supply power to the load device. In this way, power can be supplied to mobile load nodes, increasing the application scenarios of the power supply system and improving the reliability of the power supply system.

[0020] In one possible embodiment, if the number of terminal power sources is two or more, the terminal power sources include at least one first terminal power source and at least one second terminal power source, the first terminal power source and the second terminal power source are both electrically connected to the trunk cable, and the output polarities of the first terminal power source and the second terminal power source are opposite. In this way, power can be supplied using multiple terminal power sources, improving the power supply redundancy and reducing the output load of a single terminal power source, thereby reducing failures due to long-term high-load operation and improving the operating stability of the terminal power sources. [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] The embodiment of the present application provides a long-distance power supply system, which is powered by a terminal power supply with a constant current output, and a branch node is connected to a load node, and the branch node can convert the constant current and thereby supply power to the corresponding load node with a constant voltage current. In addition, the branch node is connected to the undersea earth, so that the power supply system can return current using the earth, which reduces the cable installation between the branch node and the load node, reduces the long-distance power supply cost, and reduces the power supply stability problem caused by cable breakage. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0022] In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without any creative efforts.

[0023] [Figure 1] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a power supply system for an underwater observation network. [Figure 2] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a long-distance underwater power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application; FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of another long-distance underwater power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a terminal power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 5] 2 is a schematic diagram of the current and voltage values ​​or power of the output current provided in the embodiment of the present application. FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a branching node provided in an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another branching node provided in an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 8] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a constant current / constant voltage conversion module provided in an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 9] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of another constant current-constant voltage conversion module provided in an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 10]1 is a structural schematic diagram of a feedback circuit and a control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a load node provided in an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 12] 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection method between a branch node and a load node provided in an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another connection method between a branch node and a load node provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] Hereinafter, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0025] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means "or", for example, A / B can mean A or B. In this specification, "and / or" only describes the relationship between related objects and indicates that three types of relationships can exist, for example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. The terms "first", "second", etc. do not limit the number or execution order, and the terms "first", "second", etc. do not necessarily limit different things.

[0026] It should be understood that in this application, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the term "connection" may refer to an electrical connection, a communication connection, or a physical connection. Furthermore, "connection" may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium.

[0027] It should be noted that, in this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to denote an example, illustration, or explanation. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or design means. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to express the relevant concept in a concrete manner.

[0028] The seafloor observation network is an Earth science observation platform that establishes a series of underwater monitoring sites on the seafloor through the interconnection of optical fiber cables, base stations, underwater monitoring equipment, and control instruments, forming an underwater network system capable of long-term, real-time detection, data transmission, sample collection and analysis, and in situ testing on the seafloor. This system can realize all-weather, long-term, dynamic, and real-time in situ observation of the seawater layer, seafloor layer, and seafloor rock layer, providing important data support for multiple fields such as scientific research, environmental protection, and disaster early warning.

[0029] The instruments in an underwater observation network typically require continuous power supply to maintain their operation. Therefore, a power supply system for the underwater observation network is an essential component of the network. Current power supply methods for underwater observation networks are primarily divided into two types: constant voltage and constant current. The constant voltage power supply typically generates high-voltage DC power from power supply equipment at the terminal station, and the underwater instruments must convert the high-voltage DC power to the operating voltage required by the instruments themselves using a high-voltage power supply. The constant current power supply typically generates DC current from power supply equipment at the terminal station, and the underwater instruments simply convert the current to the voltage required by themselves.

[0030] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the power supply system for the seafloor observation network.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply system for supplying power to the undersea observation network includes a land power supply device 110, The network may include a trunk cable 120, a splitter 130, and a branch circuit cable 140. Among them, the onshore power supply device 110 is installed on land to provide power supply current, the trunk cable 120 is electrically connected to the onshore power supply device 110, the splitter 130 is installed on the trunk cable 120, and the branch circuit cable 140 is electrically connected to the splitter 130, and the branch circuit cable 140 can obtain the power supply current in the trunk cable 120 through the splitter 130 and supply power to the observation device 150 in the seafloor observation network.

[0032] For example, the onshore power supply equipment 110 may be a constant voltage power supply equipment or a constant current power supply equipment, and the observation equipment 150 may be equipped with a transformer that receives the constant voltage current or constant current transmitted by the branch circuit cable 140, converts the voltage of the power supply current into the operating voltage required for the observation equipment 150, and supplies power to the observation equipment 150.

[0033] Due to the different installation locations of the observation equipment 150 in the undersea observation network, they may be far from the onshore power supply equipment 110. Furthermore, they are limited by the transmission performance and distance of the trunk cable 120 and the branch circuit cable 140, resulting in significant current loss during transmission. Therefore, the constant voltage power supply method typically uses high-voltage DC power to supply power, and the voltage may be, for example, 15 kV. Accordingly, while a high-voltage power supply can reduce transmission loss, the design of the high-voltage power supply is complex, and a power supply failure will affect all the equipment it serves. Furthermore, noise and serious interference caused by the high voltage to the observation equipment 150 are unavoidable, requiring additional filtering measures to be designed into the observation equipment 150, which will affect the reliability of the power supply system.

[0034] On the other hand, if the onshore power supply equipment 110 is a constant current power supply equipment, not only will there be cable loss during transmission, but the total voltage received by the observation equipment 150 in the entire power supply system will not exceed the maximum output voltage of the onshore power supply equipment 110, and it will only be suitable for supplying power to small and medium-power equipment, and will not be applicable to a long-distance multi-node undersea observation network.

[0035] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a long-distance underwater power supply system, which uses a constant-voltage power supply to provide a constant-voltage current to the trunk cable, and a branch node converts the constant-voltage current in the trunk cable into a constant current to supply power to the load. In addition, the branch node and the load are grounded to perform return current, thereby reducing the amount of cable installation in the power supply system and improving the reliability of long-distance power supply.

[0036] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a long-distance underwater power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 2, the long-distance underwater power supply system provided in the embodiment of the present application includes at least one terminal power supply 210 and a plurality of branch nodes 220, which respectively supply power to a plurality of load nodes 230 in the undersea observation system.

[0038] Taking one terminal power supply 210 installed in the system as an example, as shown in FIG. 2, the terminal power supply 210 is electrically connected to a plurality of branch nodes 220 in sequence by a main cable 240, and the plurality of branch nodes 220 are respectively connected to corresponding load nodes 230. In this way, the terminal power supply 210 can output current to the main cable 240 to supply power to the load nodes 230 via the branch nodes 220.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the output current of the terminal power supply 210 is a constant current, i.e., the terminal power supply 210 is a constant current power supply. Meanwhile, the branch node 220 can convert the constant current transmitted through the trunk cable 240 into a constant voltage current and output the converted constant voltage current to the load node 230, thereby supplying power to the load node 230.

[0040] Furthermore, the electrical connection between the branch node 220 and the load node 230 is made by a cable. For example, the cable installed between the branch node 220 and the load node 230 may be a branch circuit cable 250 of the power supply system, and one branch node 220 corresponds to at least one load node 230, so that the branch node 220 can be connected to one or more load nodes 230 via the branch circuit cable 250.

[0041] It should be understood that when one branch node 220 is electrically connected to one load node 230, several methods can be used, such as a dual cable method or a bipolar cable method. The embodiments of the present application are not limited to a specific method for electrically connecting the branch node 220 and the load node 230 via the branch circuit cable 250.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, each branch node 220 is connected to the undersea earth 260, and by grounding the branch nodes 220, the branch nodes 220 can realize the return current of the power supply system. In this way, one branch node 220 and one load node 230 can be electrically connected via one branch circuit cable 250, and the branch circuit cable 250 may be a general unipolar submarine power supply cable, thereby reducing the use of cables and thereby avoiding the problem of underwater cables getting tangled during long-distance power supply. Furthermore, compared with a bipolar cable, a unipolar cable does not require the installation of a conductive layer and an insulating layer, thereby reducing the cost of long-distance power supply in the power supply system.

[0043] It should be understood that each branch node 220 and its corresponding load node 230 are set to a common ground when grounded, so that the branch node 220 and its corresponding load node 230 can form a circuit, reducing the number of power supply cables, lowering the cost of long-distance power supply, and reducing the occurrence of power supply instability problems due to cable damage.

[0044] FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another long-distance underwater power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] The power supply system may be installed with multiple terminal power sources 210. When the number of terminal power sources 210 is two or more, the terminal power sources 210 include at least one first terminal power source and at least one second terminal power source, and the first terminal power source and the second terminal power source are both electrically connected to the main cable 240, and the output polarities of the first terminal power source and the second terminal power source are opposite.

[0046] For example, the power supply system may be installed with two terminal power supplies 210. As shown in Fig. 3, the power supply system may include a terminal power supply 210a and a terminal power supply 210b, where the terminal power supply 210a may be a first terminal power supply and the terminal power supply 210b may be a second terminal power supply, and the terminal power supply 210a and the terminal power supply 210b are installed at both ends of the trunk cable 240, respectively, and the output polarities of the terminal power supply 210a and the terminal power supply 210b are opposite.

[0047] When two terminal power sources 210 are installed in a power supply system, if both terminal power sources 210 are operating normally, the two terminal power sources 210 will output 50% of the system voltage and 50% of the total power, respectively. If a serious fault occurs in one of the terminal power sources 210, the power supply of the terminal power source 210 with the serious fault can be cut off, and the other terminal power source 210 can provide 100% of the system voltage and 100% of the total power.

[0048] It should be understood that the above-described structure in which multiple terminal power supplies 210 are installed is merely a possible embodiment of the present application, and the present application does not limit the manner in which the multiple terminal power supplies 210 are connected to the trunk cable 240.

[0049] FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a terminal power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] As shown in FIG. 4, the terminal power supply 210 in the power supply system may include multiple power supply modules 211, and the multiple power supply modules are installed in series, with the positive terminal of one of the power supply modules 211 serving as the output terminal of the terminal power supply 210 and electrically connected to the main cable 240 to provide a constant current to the main cable 240.

[0051] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the power supply module 211 also outputs a constant current, so that the terminal power supply 210 can output a corresponding constant current at the output end. Furthermore, multiple power supply modules 211 connected in series can output a constant current with a higher voltage, thereby improving the output power of the terminal power supply 210.

[0052] In this embodiment, the power supply module 211 can adjust the value of its output current within a preset current range during output, thereby making the output voltage and output power of each power supply module 211 the same and improving the output consistency of the terminal power supply 210. It also makes it easier to adjust the output voltage and equalize the output power between multiple power supply modules 211 by fine-tuning the output current, avoiding heat concentration and contributing to the stable and reliable operation of the terminal power supply 210 over a long period of time.

[0053] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the current and voltage values ​​or power of the output current provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0054] As shown in FIG. 5, the preset current range in the embodiment of the present application may be 95% to 100% of the set current of the output current of the terminal power supply 210, and when the set current of the output current of the terminal power supply 210 is I0, the power supply module 211 can adjust its output current value within the range of 95%×I0 to I0.

[0055] It should be understood that the set current of the terminal power supply 210 is a preset value of the current output when the terminal power supply 210 is in an output state and the voltage of the output current is maintained at the maximum output voltage Umax or the power is maintained at the maximum output power Pmax. For example, the set current I0 may be 2 A, and the adjustable range of the output current value of the power supply module 211 is 1.9 A to 2 A.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present application, the adjustable range of the output current value of the power supply module 211 may be other values, for example, 97% to 100% of the set current I0. Note that the set current I0 and the adjustable range of the output current value of the power supply module 211 described above are values ​​and ranges presented as examples in the present application, and the specific value of the set current I0 and the specific adjustment range of the output current value of the power supply module 211 may be other values, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0057] 4 as an example, the terminal power supply 210 may be equipped with three power supply modules 211: power supply module 211a, power supply module 211b, and power supply module 211c. Here, power supply module 211a, power supply module 211b, and power supply module 211c are installed in series, the negative output electrode of power supply module 211a is electrically connected to the positive output electrode of power supply module 211b, the negative output electrode of power supply module 211b is electrically connected to the positive output electrode of power supply module 211c, the negative output electrode of power supply module 211c is grounded, and the positive output electrode of power supply module 211a is the output terminal of the terminal power supply 210. In this way, connecting the power supply modules 211 in series can improve the output stability of the terminal power supply 210.

[0058] Furthermore, the terminal power supply 210 further includes a plurality of first bypass modules 212, which correspond one-to-one to the plurality of power supply modules 211, and the first bypass modules 212 are electrically connected between the positive terminal (i.e., the output positive terminal in the above embodiment) and the negative terminal (i.e., the output negative terminal in the above embodiment) of the power supply module 211 corresponding to the first bypass module 212.

[0059] For example, the terminal power supply 210 includes three power supply modules 211, and the terminal power supply 210 may include three first bypass modules 212: a first bypass module 212a, a first bypass module 212b, and a first bypass module 212c. Here, both ends of the first bypass module 212a are electrically connected to the positive output electrode and the negative output electrode of the power supply module 211a, respectively, both ends of the first bypass module 212b are electrically connected to the positive output electrode and the negative output electrode of the power supply module 211b, respectively, and both ends of the first bypass module 212c are electrically connected to the positive output electrode and the negative output electrode of the power supply module 211c, respectively.

[0060] For example, the first bypass module 212 may be a switch structure with a trigger structure, such as a switch, a diode, or a transistor. When all the power supply modules 211 are operating normally, each of the first bypass modules 212 is in a cut-off state, so that when the power supply modules 211 are connected in series, the output current can flow sequentially through each power supply module 211.

[0061] When an output abnormality occurs in the power supply module 211 corresponding to one first bypass module 212, this first bypass module 212 switches to a conductive state and short-circuits the output positive and negative poles of the power supply module 211 corresponding to this first bypass module 212, thereby preventing the output current of other power supply modules 211 from flowing through the power supply module 211 with the output abnormality and isolating the power supply module 211 with the output abnormality, thereby improving the output stability of the entire terminal power supply 210.

[0062] It should be understood that the output abnormality of the power supply module 211 includes the current value of the output current of the power supply module 211 being outside the preset current range of the power supply module 211. For example, taking the output current value range of the power supply module 211 as 95%×I0 to I0, when the first bypass module 212 detects that the output current value of the power supply module 211 is not within this range, it can short-circuit the output positive pole and output negative pole of the power supply module 211 to short-circuit the power supply module 211.

[0063] Furthermore, the first bypass module 212 can set a trigger current or a trigger voltage. When the power supply module 211 outputs normally, the first bypass module 212 is not triggered and remains in a cut-off state, allowing the power supply module 211 to output current normally. When an output abnormality occurs in the power supply module 211, the first bypass module 212 responds to the output abnormality by conducting the output positive and output negative poles outside the power supply module 211, thereby short-circuiting the power supply module 211 and avoiding the output abnormality of the terminal power supply 210.

[0064] In some embodiments, the first bypass module 212 can monitor the output status of the corresponding power supply module 211 in real time, for example, by monitoring its output current, thereby controlling the power supply module 211. When the first bypass module 212 detects that the output current value of the power supply module 211 connected thereto is not within a preset current range, it can conduct the output positive and output negative poles of the power supply module 211 outside the power supply module 211, thereby isolating the power supply module 211. This prevents an unstable output current from affecting the output of the terminal power supply 210.

[0065] For example, take the case where an output abnormality occurs in the power supply module 211b. When the first bypass module 212b detects the output abnormality of the power supply module 211b or is triggered by the output current of the power supply module 211b, it can turn on the branch circuit in which the first bypass module 212b is located, thereby connecting the output positive and negative poles of the power supply module 211b outside the power supply module 211b and preventing the output currents of the power supply modules 211a and 211c from flowing through the power supply module 211b, thereby isolating the power supply module 211b and preventing the abnormal output of the power supply module 211b from affecting the stable output of the terminal power supply 210.

[0066] It should be noted that the structures of the first bypass module 212 in the above embodiments are merely examples of the first bypass module 212 in the present application, and the first bypass module 212 may have other structures that can achieve the above functions, and the embodiments of the present application are not specifically limited to the structure of the first bypass module 212.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present application, by installing the power supply module 211 and the first bypass module 212, the power supply of the terminal power supply 210 can be made more stable, and the probability of problems occurring during operation of the terminal power supply 210 can be reduced.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present application, when the power supply system includes multiple terminal power sources 210, the output polarity of the terminal power sources 210 can be switched by adjusting the structure. As shown in Figure 3, taking a power supply system using two terminal power sources 210 as a power source as an example, the two terminal power sources 210, a trunk cable 240, and a branch node 220 connected to the trunk cable 240 constitute a power supply trunk circuit, and when multiple power supply modules 211 in the terminal power sources 210 are connected in series to output, a polarity switching module 213 is further installed at the connection point between the power supply module 211 and the trunk cable 240, so that the two terminal power sources 210 constituting the power supply trunk circuit can be switched to different polarities to meet the power supply demand.

[0069] For example, the polarity switching module 213 may include a polarity selection switch 2131, a first isolation switch 2132, a second isolation switch 2133, and a bypass switch 2134. Here, when both of the two terminal power supplies 210 operate normally, the first isolation switch 2132 and the second isolation switch 2133 are in a conductive state, but the bypass switch 2134 is in a cut-off state, and one of the terminal power supplies 210 is switched to a positive polarity output by the polarity selection switch 2131, and the other terminal power supply 210 is switched to a negative polarity output by the polarity selection switch, so that the current output from the multiple power supply modules 211 can smoothly enter the trunk cable 240. Note that when both of the two terminal power supplies 210 operate normally, the two terminal power supplies 210 can each output 50% of the system voltage and 50% of the total power.

[0070] If a serious fault occurs in one of the terminal power supplies 210, the corresponding first isolation switch 2132 and second isolation switch 2133 are turned off, and the corresponding bypass switch 2134 is turned on, thereby isolating the terminal power supply 210 where the fault occurs and preventing it from affecting the power supply of the power supply system. In this case, the other terminal power supply 210 in the power supply system can provide 100% of the system voltage and 100% of the total power output by the power supply system.

[0071] A serious failure of the terminal power supply 210 occurs when all of the power supply modules 211 in the terminal power supply 210 experience a failure such as a short circuit, an open circuit, or a ground fault. This includes the occurrence of faults such as short circuit, open circuit or ground fault in the entire terminal power supply 210. Faults in a few power supply modules 211 in the terminal power supply 210 will not trigger the operation of the first isolation switch 2132, the second isolation switch 2133 and the bypass switch 2134. When a fault occurs in a few power supply modules 211, it is handled by the first bypass module 212 in the above embodiment, and its description is omitted here.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present application, by installing multiple terminal power supplies 210, the output power of a single terminal power supply 210 can be reduced, the redundancy of the power supply system can be improved, the problem of unstable power supply caused by the failure of a single terminal power supply 210 can be reduced, and the stability of long-distance power supply can be improved.

[0073] FIG. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a branching node provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0074] In the present embodiment, the terminal power supply 210 outputs a constant current to the trunk cable 240 to supply power to the load node 230 connected to the branch node 220. To improve power supply efficiency, the branch node 220 can convert the constant current transmitted through the trunk cable 240 into a constant voltage current to supply power to the load node 230.

[0075] 6 , the branch node 220 may include at least one constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221. A first end and a second end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 are electrically connected to the trunk cable 240, a third end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 is electrically connected to the load node 230 via the branch circuit cable 250, and a fourth end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 is electrically connected to the undersea earth 260.

[0076] In this way, the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 can receive the constant current output from the terminal power supply 210 through the first or second terminal, convert the constant current into a constant voltage current of a preset voltage, and output it to the load node 230 through the third terminal, where the preset voltage is the same as the operating voltage of the load node 230.

[0077] It should be understood that, since the operating voltages and powers of the load nodes 230 connected to different branch nodes 220 are different, the voltage value of the constant voltage current output from the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 at each branch node 220 can be adjusted according to the differences in the connected load nodes 230, thereby providing appropriate input current to power each load node 230.

[0078] Furthermore, the branch node 220 further includes a first isolation module 222 and at least one second bypass module 223, and the number of second bypass modules 223 in one branch node 220 is related to the number of constant current-constant voltage conversion modules 221 in this branch node 220. In some embodiments of the present application, if the number of constant current-constant voltage conversion modules 221 in the branch node 220 is n, when n is 1, the number of second bypass modules 223 in this branch node 220 is also n, and when n is greater than 1, the number of second bypass modules 223 in this branch node 220 is n+1.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, the first isolation module 222 is used to make or break the connection between the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the trunk cable 240, and the second bypass module 223 is used to make the trunk cable 240 electrically connected to the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 conductive after the communication between the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the trunk cable 240 is cut off, thereby preventing a failure of the branch node 220 from affecting the power supply of other sites in the trunk cable 240.

[0080] Specifically, the first isolation module 222 may be installed between the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the trunk cable 240, and may be connected to the first and second ends of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221, so that if a fault occurs in the branch circuit, the fault can be quickly isolated to prevent the power supply system from affecting the power supply to other devices in the undersea observation network. Exemplarily, the first isolation module 222 may be a switch module installed between the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the trunk cable 240, and the switch module can control the conduction and interruption of the connection between the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the trunk cable 240 in response to the operating states of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the load node 230.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present application, the first isolation module 222 can receive operating status information of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the load node 230, and thereby immediately perform fault isolation when a fault occurs in the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 or the load node 230. Illustratively, a fault occurring in the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 or the load node 230 includes a short circuit, an open circuit, or a fault in the ground of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the corresponding load node 230.

[0082] In this way, after receiving fault information of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 or the load node 230, the first isolation module 222 can cut off the connection between the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the main cable 240 to isolate the faulty node and improve the stability of power supply.

[0083] In the present embodiment, if the number of second bypass modules 223 is one, the second bypass module 223 may be installed in the trunk cable 240. One end of the second bypass module 223 is connected to the first end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 by the first isolation module 222, and the other end of the second bypass module 223 is connected to the second end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 by the first isolation module 222. In this way, the first isolation module 222 keeps the trunk cable 240 conductive after isolating the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221, thereby avoiding the problem of transmission interruption of the trunk cable 240 after isolation occurs.

[0084] In some embodiments, the second bypass module 223 can further receive operating status information of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 and the load node 230, so that when a fault occurs in the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 or the load node 230, the main cable 240 electrically connected to the first end and the second end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 is immediately turned on, thereby improving the handling efficiency of the fault in the branch node 220.

[0085] FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of another branching node provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0086] In some embodiments, the branch node 220 may include a plurality of constant current / constant voltage conversion modules 221 and a plurality of second bypass modules 223, so that by installing redundant equipment, even if one constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 in the branch node 220 fails, power can still be supplied to the load node 230, thereby improving the power supply stability of the power supply system.

[0087] 7, the branch node 220 is provided with a constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a and a constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221b, of which the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221b is a redundant backup device for the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a. In some embodiments, the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a is a redundant backup device for the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221b. The device may be a redundant backup device for the router 221b, and the present application is not limited thereto.

[0088] The second end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a is electrically connected to the first end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221b, the first end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a is electrically connected to the trunk cable 240 by the first isolation module 222, and the second end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221b is electrically connected to the trunk cable 240 by the first isolation module 222. In this way, the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a and the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221b have the same input, and the first isolation module 222 can perform fault isolation.

[0089] In this embodiment, when two constant current / constant voltage conversion modules 221 are installed in the branch node 220, three second bypass modules 223, namely, second bypass module 223a, second bypass module 223b, and second bypass module 223c, are installed in the branch node 220. Among them, the second bypass module 223a is installed in the trunk cable 240, and one end of the second bypass module 223a is connected to the first end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a, and the other end of the second bypass module 223a is connected to the second end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221b.

[0090] Meanwhile, the second bypass module 223b is installed between the first and second terminals of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a, and the second bypass module 223c is installed between the first and second terminals of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221b. When the branch node 220 operates normally, the first isolation module 222 is in a conductive state, and the second bypass modules 223a, 223b, and 223c are all in a cut-off state.

[0091] For example, if a fault occurs in the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a and the second bypass module 223b detects the fault, the second bypass module 223b can connect the first terminal and the second terminal of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a, thereby isolating the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a, so that the faulty constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221a does not affect the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221b's conversion to constant current.

[0092] Similarly, if a fault occurs in the constant current-constant voltage conversion module 221b, the second bypass module 223c can respond and isolate the constant current-constant voltage conversion module 221b, thereby preventing the fault from interfering with the conversion of the constant current.

[0093] Furthermore, if a fault occurs in the load node 230 connected to the branch node 220 or if a fault occurs in both the constant current / constant voltage conversion modules 221a, 221b, the first isolation module 222 in the branch node 220 can cut off the connection between the constant current / constant voltage conversion modules 221a, 221b and the trunk cable 240 in response to the fault, and the second bypass module 223a can conduct the trunk cable 240 in the branch node 220 in response to the fault, thereby preventing the fault from affecting other branch nodes 220 in the trunk cable 240.

[0094] FIG. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a constant current / constant voltage conversion module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0095] 8, the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 may include an input circuit 2211, a conversion circuit 2212, and an output circuit 2213. The input circuit 2211 is a circuit for receiving the constant current transmitted to the trunk cable 240, and the conversion circuit 2212 is a circuit for receiving the constant current transmitted to the trunk cable 240. The output circuit 2213 is a circuit for processing and outputting the converted constant voltage current.

[0096] Specifically, the input circuit 2211 is electrically connected to the first and second terminals of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221, and the input circuit 2211 can receive and filter the constant current transported by the trunk cable 240 through the first or second terminal of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221. The output terminal of the input circuit 2211 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the conversion circuit 2212, and the output terminal of the conversion circuit 2212 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the output circuit 2213, and the input terminal of the conversion circuit 2212 receives the constant current filtered by the input circuit 2211, converts it into a constant voltage current, and outputs the constant voltage current to the output circuit 2213.

[0097] In addition, the output circuit 2213 can further filter the constant voltage current after receiving it, thereby processing the constant voltage current and improving the stability of the power supply. The output circuit 2213 is electrically connected to the third end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221, and transmits the filtered constant voltage current to the corresponding load node 230 via the third end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221. The output circuit 2213 can also be electrically connected to the fourth end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221, thereby achieving grounding.

[0098] 8, the conversion circuit 2212 may include a switch circuit 2212a, a main power transformer 2212b, and a rectifier circuit 2212c, where the switch circuit 2212a serves as the input end of the conversion circuit 2212 and is electrically connected to the input circuit 2211 and the main power transformer 2212b, respectively, to receive a constant current and transmit it to the main power transformer 2212b for conversion; the rectifier circuit 2212c is electrically connected to the main power transformer 2212b and the output circuit 2213, respectively, to rectify the constant voltage current converted by the main power transformer 2212b and transmit it to the output circuit 2213.

[0099] It should be understood that the main power transformer 2212b includes a primary side and a secondary side, of which the primary side is the electrical energy input end of the transformer, and in this embodiment, the primary side of the main power transformer 2212b is electrically connected to the switch circuit 2212a. The secondary side is the electrical energy output end of the transformer, and in this embodiment, the secondary side of the main power transformer 2212b is electrically connected to the rectifier circuit 2212c.

[0100] More specifically, the primary side can input electrical energy from a power source into a transformer and convert the electrical energy into magnetic energy through the magnetic induction phenomenon, and the secondary side outputs the electrical energy converted by the transformer to a load, thereby realizing effective utilization and distribution of electrical energy.

[0101] As can be seen from the transformer structure, there is no direct contact between the primary and secondary sides, and electrical energy is transmitted through magnetic induction. Therefore, the main power transformer 2212b is installed in an electrically isolated area (an area to prevent dielectric breakdown between the primary and secondary sides of the transformer), and the withstand voltage standards of this electrically isolated area are both designed according to the maximum operating voltage of the power supply system. In the present embodiment, the maximum operating voltage may be the maximum operating voltage of the terminal power supply 210 or the maximum voltage of the constant voltage current after conversion by the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221, and is set to the higher of the two values. This prevents failures due to voltage breakdown on the high-voltage side of the transformer, ensures electrical safety when the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 operates normally, avoids signal crosstalk between the primary and secondary sides, and improves the operating stability of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221.

[0102] In the embodiment of the present application, since the operating voltage and operating power of the load node 230 connected to the branch node 220 are different, the structure of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 for performing the conversion is also different. This allows a different constant voltage current to be output using the same constant current.

[0103] 8, the switch circuit 2212a includes a plurality of switch transistors, and the switch circuit 2212a is configured with the switch transistors to control the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221. Illustratively, the switch transistors can adjust the duty ratio using a PWM (pulse width modulation) control method to adjust the output voltage of the conversion circuit 2212. In the embodiments of the present application, the duty ratio is the ratio of the time of a high-level pulse in one pulse period to the total period time, and illustratively, a duty ratio of 50% means that the time of a high-level pulse in one pulse period occupies half of the total period time.

[0104] Taking the conversion circuit 2212 corresponding to the high-power constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 as an example, its switch circuit 2212a may include four switch transistors, and the topology of the switch circuit 2212a is a full-bridge topology. Note that the high-power constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 refers to a constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 with a rated power of 1 kW or more. The full-bridge topology is a bridge structure formed by connecting four identical switch transistors, and the four switch transistors are connected in diagonal pairs, two of which form a set, and are connected in series to the top and bottom ends of the primary side of the main power transformer 2212b, respectively, to form the switch circuit 2212a.

[0105] In some embodiments, the topology of the switch circuit 2212a may be a phase-shifted full-bridge or a series resonant topology. The control method of the phase-shifted full-bridge topology is that the upper and lower transistors of different bridge arms have the same switch state and a 50% duty cycle, and the output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the phase between the upper and lower transistors of the bridge arms. The control method of the series resonant topology is that the upper and lower transistors of the same bridge arm have complementary switch states and a duty cycle of approximately 50%, and the output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the switching frequency. This application does not limit the specific topology of the switch circuit 2212a.

[0106] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the rectifying device in the rectifying circuit 2212c may be a diode or a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor), and the topology of the rectifying circuit 2212c may be a full-bridge topology.

[0107] In the full-bridge topology switch circuit 2212a, the switch transistor may be an IGBT (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor). The switch transistor in the embodiments of the present application may have another structure that can achieve the above function, and the present application does not limit the specific type of the switch transistor.

[0108] FIG. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of another constant current-constant voltage conversion module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0109] Since the seafloor observation network has many observation devices and the rated power of different monitoring devices is different, the rated power of the load node 230 connected to the branch node 220 is small, and a high-power constant current constant voltage conversion module is used. 9, if the rated power of the load node 230 connected to the branch node 220 is small, the number of switch transistors in the switch circuit 2212a in the branch node 220 may be two, and the topology of the switch circuit 2212a may be a half-bridge topology.

[0110] Specifically, the half-bridge topology is composed of two switch transistors (i.e., Q1 and Q2 in FIG. 9) and a capacitor. The two switch transistors operate alternately. For example, the switch transistors are MOSFETs, and the south poles (source electrodes) of Q1 and Q2 are connected to different potential points, for example, the south pole of Q1 is connected to a transformer and the south pole of Q2 is grounded, thereby realizing sequential conduction and cut-off.

[0111] It should be understood that the control method of the half-bridge topology switch circuit 2212a is the same as that of the full-bridge topology switch circuit 2212a, and is controlled using PWM to adjust the duty ratio to achieve adjustment of the output voltage.

[0112] In the embodiment of the present application, the rectifier devices in the rectifier circuit 2212c may be diodes or MOSFETs. The rectifier circuit 2212c may be a full-wave rectifier circuit, that is, one end of each of the two rectifier devices is connected to the top and bottom ends of the secondary side of the main power transformer 2212b, and the other end of each of the two rectifier devices is electrically connected to the output circuit 2213, thereby rectifying the constant voltage current output from the main power transformer 2212b.

[0113] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of a feedback circuit and a control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0114] 10 , the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 further includes a feedback circuit 2214 and a control circuit 2215, which is disposed between the input circuit 2211 and the conversion circuit 2212 and is used to receive a control signal and control the conversion circuit 2212. Taking the structure of the conversion circuit 2212 in the above embodiment as an example, the control circuit 2215 can control the output of the conversion circuit 2212 by changing the duty cycle of the signal input to the conversion circuit 2212.

[0115] Furthermore, the feedback circuit 2214 is electrically connected to the output end of the conversion circuit 2212 and the control circuit 2215, respectively, thereby receiving the constant voltage current output from the conversion circuit 2212, and generating a corresponding feedback signal based on the output of the conversion circuit 2212 and sending it to the control circuit 2215, thereby feeding back the output status of the conversion circuit 2212 and facilitating the control circuit 2215 to drive the conversion circuit 2212 based on the feedback signal, so that the control circuit 2215 can generate a control signal in response to the feedback signal after receiving the feedback signal and send it to the switch circuit 2212a in the conversion circuit 2212.

[0116] It should be understood that the feedback circuit 2214 needs to process the received signal output from the conversion circuit 2212 to generate a corresponding feedback signal. Illustratively, to achieve the above function of generating a feedback signal, the feedback circuit 2214 includes an output voltage signal processing circuit, a pulse modulation circuit, a transformer circuit, and a signal rectification and filtering circuit, where the output voltage signal processing circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the conversion circuit 2212, the pulse modulation circuit and the output voltage signal processing circuit are respectively electrically connected to the primary side of the transformer circuit, and the secondary side of the transformer circuit is electrically connected to the signal rectification and filtering circuit. , and the signal rectifying and filtering circuit is further electrically connected to the control circuit 2215 to send a feedback signal to the control circuit 2215.

[0117] Here, the output voltage signal processing circuit is mainly composed of an operational amplifier and proportionally converts the output voltage into a feedback signal. The pulse modulation circuit receives a pulse signal with a 50% duty cycle and modulates the output voltage signal of the conversion circuit 2212 into an AC signal with a 50% duty cycle, which is then transmitted to the secondary side of the transformer circuit. The rectifying and filtering circuit then restores the 50% duty cycle modulated signal into a linear output voltage feedback signal and provides it to the corresponding control circuit 2215. After receiving the output voltage feedback signal, the control circuit 2215 outputs a driving signal to the switch circuit 2212a based on a different topology.

[0118] In addition, since the primary side of the transformer circuit and the secondary side of the main power transformer 2212b are connected by the rectifier circuit 2212c, and the secondary side of the transformer circuit is connected to the primary side of the main power transformer 2212b by the control circuit 2215 and the switch circuit 2212a, for the main power transformer 2212b, the direction of signal transmission in the feedback circuit 2214 is actually a feedback signal transmission from the secondary side to the primary side of the main power transformer 2212b.

[0119] Furthermore, the transformer circuit realizes electrical isolation between the primary and secondary sides in addition to converting the voltage in the feedback circuit 2214. It is particularly worth noting that in this embodiment of the present invention, the main power transformer 2212b, the transformer circuit, and other transformers related to the electrical isolation between the primary and secondary sides are all located in an electrically isolated area, and their insulation withstand voltage standards are all designed according to the maximum operating voltage of the system, to ensure electrical safety when the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 operates normally and to avoid crosstalk between signals on the primary and secondary sides of the transformer.

[0120] FIG. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a load node provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0121] When the branch node 220 can generate a constant voltage current corresponding to the constant current by the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221, the branch node 220 can be connected to the corresponding load node 230 to transmit the constant voltage current obtained by the conversion to the load node 230, thereby supplying power to the load node 230.

[0122] 11 , the load node 230 includes at least one load device 231 and a second isolation module 232. When the branch node 220 and the load node 230 are connected by a branch circuit cable 250, the load device 231 is electrically connected to the branch circuit cable 250, and the second isolation module 232 is installed on the branch circuit cable electrically connected to the load device 231.

[0123] When a fault occurs in the load device 231, the second isolation module 232 can respond to the fault by cutting off the connection between the faulty load device 231 and the branch circuit cable 250, thereby isolating the faulty load device 231 and preventing further damage to the load device 231 caused by the system power supply, and not affecting the power supply system's ability to supply power to other load nodes 230 and load devices 231. In the embodiments of the present application, the fault occurring in the load device 231 includes faults such as a short circuit, an open circuit, and a ground fault occurring in the load device 231.

[0124] As shown in FIG. 11(a), one load device 231 may be installed in one load node 230, and therefore the number of second separation modules 232 installed at the connection position between the load device 231 and the branch circuit cable 250 is also one. The second separation module 232 monitors the operating state of the load device 231 and can acquire information on whether a fault has occurred in the load device 231. The second separation module 232 detects that a fault has occurred in the load device 231 and If a fault occurs, the connection between the load device 231 and the branch circuit cable 250 can be interrupted, thereby isolating the faulty load device 231.

[0125] In some embodiments, one load node 230 may include multiple load devices 231, and these load devices 231 may be installed in parallel at the load node 230, and accordingly, the same number of second isolation modules 232 as the number of load devices 231 must be installed at this load node 230, so that when a different load device 231 fails, the faulty device can be isolated independently.

[0126] 11(b), two load devices 231, load device 231a and load device 231b, may be installed in one load node 230. The load devices 231a and 231b are installed in parallel. One second isolation module 232a is installed at the connection position between the load device 231a and the branch circuit cable 250, and one second isolation module 232b is installed at the connection position between the load device 231b and the branch circuit cable 250. The second isolation module 232a can monitor the operating state of the load device 231a, and the second isolation module 232b can monitor the operating state of the load device 231b. When the second isolation module 232a or the second isolation module 232b detects that a failure has occurred in the corresponding load device 231, it cuts off the connection between the corresponding load device 231 and the branch circuit cable 250, thereby disconnecting the failed load device 231 from the power supply system and avoiding the problem of unstable power supply due to the failure of the load device 231.

[0127] In some embodiments of the present application, the first isolation module 222 and the second bypass module 223 in the branch node 220 can obtain the operating state of the load node 230 according to the state of the second isolation module 232, and thereby adjust the communication state between the branch node 220 and the trunk cable 240. For example, if it is detected that all of the second isolation modules 232 connected to the branch node 220 are in an interrupted state, it indicates that a fault has occurred in all of the load devices 231 connected to this branch node 220, and in this case, it is necessary to interrupt the power supply to these devices, thereby improving the power supply stability of the entire power supply system.

[0128] It should be understood that the first isolation module 222 and the second bypass module 223 can obtain the operating status of the load node 230 based on the status of the second isolation module 232, or can obtain the operating status of the load node by directly detecting the load device 231, and the present application is not limited thereto.

[0129] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a connection method between a branch node and a load node provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0130] In some embodiments of the present application, the branch node 220 can be electrically connected to the load node 230 via the branch circuit cable 250, and the load node 230 can obtain electrical energy to power the load node 230 via the branch circuit cable 250. As shown in FIG. 12( a), the branch node 220 and one load node 230 are electrically connected via the branch circuit cable 250, and the constant voltage current obtained by conversion by the branch node 220 is transmitted to the load node 230 via the branch circuit cable 250 to power the load node 230.

[0131] In some other embodiments of the present application, there may be two or more load nodes 230 corresponding to the branch node 220. As shown in FIG. 12(b), when the number of load nodes 230 connected to the branch node 220 is two, the load nodes 230 may be installed in parallel to the branch circuit cable 250 corresponding to the branch node 220, thereby reducing the number of branch nodes. In this case, the input voltage of each load node 230 is equal to or less than the voltage of the constant voltage current output from the branch node 220, and the input power of each load node 230 is equal to or less than the power of the constant voltage current output from the branch node 220.

[0132] 12(c), one branch node 220 may be connected to two or more load nodes 230. Illustratively, load node 230a is electrically connected to branch node 220 via branch circuit cable 250, and load nodes 230b and 230c are electrically connected to load node 230a, respectively, so that load nodes 230b and 230c can receive a constant voltage current output from branch node 220 via branch circuit cable 250 and load node 230a. In an embodiment of the present application, when the same branch node 220 corresponds to multiple load nodes 230, the multiple load nodes 230 are also grounded to a common ground, thereby forming a power supply circuit.

[0133] It should be understood that multiple load nodes 230 may be connected in series to a branch circuit cable 250 connected to one branch node 220, and the present application does not limit the connection method between multiple load nodes 230 and branch nodes 220.

[0134] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another connection method between a branch node and a load node provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0135] Since there may be mobile observation equipment in the undersea observation system, if the mobile load node 230 is connected to the branch node 220 via the branch circuit cable 250, the movement of the mobile load node 230 will be restricted and a better observation effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, in some other embodiments of the present application, the load node 230 can also transmit electrical energy with the branch node 220 in an indirect connection manner.

[0136] 13 , when the load node 230 is a movable load node, the branch node 220 may include a first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224, and the load node 230 may include a second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233. The first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224 and the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233 can be electromagnetically coupled to realize the connection between the branch node 220 and the load node 230.

[0137] Here, the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233 is electrically connected to the load device 231 at the load node 230, and the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224 can convert the constant current received by the branch node 220 into a corresponding magnetic field, and after the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233 combines with the magnetic field generated by the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224, the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233 can generate a corresponding constant voltage current according to the magnetic field to supply power to the load device 231.

[0138] It should be understood that the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224 and the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233 cooperate to realize the function of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221, and therefore the structures of the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224 and the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233 are similar to the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 in the above embodiment. Specifically, the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224 may be each component connected via a cable to the primary side of the main power transformer 2212b in the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 in the above embodiment, that is, the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224 can realize the function of the primary side of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221. Meanwhile, the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233 may be each component connected via a cable to the secondary side of the main power transformer 2212b in the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221 in the above embodiment. It may also be a component, that is, the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233 can realize the function of the secondary side of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module 221. This application does not describe the structure and possible functions of the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224 and the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233.

[0139] In this way, after the movable load node 230 moves within the electromagnetic coupling range with the branch node 220, the transmission of electrical energy can be realized by the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module 224 and the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module 233, thereby realizing wireless transmission of electrical energy, and by increasing the connection method of the load node 230, the power supply system can supply power to the movable equipment in the undersea observation network.

[0140] From the description of the above embodiments, it can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for the sake of convenience and simplicity, the division of each functional module has been given as an example. However, in actual use, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed to complete them, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into modules with different functions to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0141] In some embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, and the division of the modules or units is merely a logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted or not implemented. Furthermore, the couplings or direct couplings or communication connections shown or discussed may be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other types of couplings.

[0142] The units described as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and the elements shown as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, i.e., located in one place or distributed in multiple different places, and some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the objective of the solution of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0143] The above content is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included within the scope of protection of the present application, and therefore the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A long-distance underwater power supply system applied to an underwater observation system including a plurality of load nodes, the underwater power supply system including at least one terminal power supply and a plurality of branch nodes, the terminal power supply is electrically connected to the plurality of branch nodes in sequence via a trunk cable, and the terminal power supply is arranged to output a constant current to the trunk cable; The plurality of branch nodes are respectively connected to the load nodes corresponding to the branch nodes, one of the branch nodes corresponds to at least one of the load nodes, the branch nodes are electrically connected to the load nodes via branch circuit cables, each of the branch nodes and the load nodes are respectively connected to an undersea earth, and the branch nodes and the load nodes corresponding to the branch nodes are returned by the undersea earth; the branch node is arranged to convert the constant current transmitted through the trunk cable into a constant voltage current and output the constant voltage current to the load node; A long-distance underwater power supply system.

2. The terminal power supply includes a plurality of power supply modules, the plurality of power supply modules are connected in series, and a positive terminal of one of the power supply modules is electrically connected to the trunk cable.

2. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 1.

3. The terminal power supply further includes a plurality of first bypass modules, the plurality of first bypass modules corresponding to the plurality of power supply modules in a one-to-one relationship, and the first bypass modules are electrically connected between the positive and negative terminals of the power supply modules corresponding to the first bypass modules; The first bypass module is configured to switch to a conductive state in response to an output abnormality occurring in the corresponding power supply module, thereby short-circuiting the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the corresponding power supply module, and the output abnormality includes a current value of the output current of the power supply module being outside a preset current range of the power supply module.

3. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 2.

4. the plurality of power supply modules are arranged to adjust the current value of the output current within the preset current range at the time of output, so as to make the output voltage and output power of each of the power supply modules the same; 4. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 3.

5. the branch node includes at least one constant current-constant voltage conversion module, a first end and a second end of the constant current-constant voltage conversion module are electrically connected to the trunk cable, a third end of the constant current-constant voltage conversion module is electrically connected to the load node via the branch circuit cable, and a fourth end of the constant current-constant voltage conversion module is electrically connected to the subsea earth; the constant current / constant voltage conversion module is configured to receive the constant current output from the terminal power supply through the first end or the second end, convert the constant current into a constant voltage current of a preset voltage, and output the constant current to the load node through the third end; 2. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 1.

6. the branch node further includes a first separation module and at least one second bypass module; The first isolation module is installed between the constant current / constant voltage conversion module and the trunk cable, and the first isolation module is connected to the constant current / constant voltage conversion module or the negative the constant current-constant voltage conversion module is configured to interrupt a connection between the constant current-constant voltage conversion module and the trunk cable in response to a fault in a load node, the fault including a short circuit, an open circuit, or a ground fault occurring in the constant current-constant voltage conversion module and the load node corresponding to the constant current-constant voltage conversion module; the second bypass module is installed on the trunk cable, one end of the second bypass module is connected to the first end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module via the first isolation module, and the other end of the second bypass module is connected to the second end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module via the first isolation module, and the second bypass module is arranged to conduct the trunk cable electrically connected to the first end and the second end of the constant current / constant voltage conversion module in response to a fault in the constant current / constant voltage conversion module or the load node.

6. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 5.

7. the constant current / constant voltage conversion module includes an input circuit, a conversion circuit, and an output circuit, the input circuit is electrically connected to the first end and the second end, and the input circuit is arranged to receive and filter the constant current transmitted from the trunk cable via the first end or the second end; the conversion circuit is electrically connected to the input circuit and the output circuit, respectively, and the conversion circuit is arranged to be responsive to the constant current filtered by the input circuit and to convert the constant current filtered by the input circuit into a constant voltage current; the output circuit is electrically connected to the third end, and the output circuit is configured to filter the constant voltage current generated by the conversion circuit and output it through the third end; 6. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 5.

8. the conversion circuit includes a switch circuit, a main power transformer, and a rectifier circuit, the switch circuit is electrically connected to the input circuit and the main power transformer respectively, the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the main power transformer and the output circuit respectively, and the main power transformer is installed in an electrically insulating isolation area; 8. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 7.

9. The topology of the switch circuit includes one of a full-bridge topology and a half-bridge topology; the switch circuit includes a switch transistor, the switch transistor being one of an insulated gate bipolar transistor and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor; 9. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 8.

10. The constant current constant voltage conversion module further includes a feedback circuit and a control circuit, the control circuit is disposed between the input circuit and the conversion circuit, and the feedback circuit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the conversion circuit and the control circuit respectively; the feedback circuit is configured to generate and send a feedback signal to the control circuit in response to an output voltage of the conversion circuit; the control circuit is configured to generate and send a control signal to the conversion circuit in response to the feedback signal; 8. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 7.

11. If the number of load nodes corresponding to the branch node is two or more, the load nodes are installed in series and / or parallel to the branch circuit cable corresponding to the branch node, and the input voltage of each of the load nodes is equal to or lower than the voltage of the constant voltage current output from the branch node. and the input power of each of the load nodes is equal to or less than the power of the constant voltage current output from the branch node.

2. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 1.

12. the load node includes at least one load device and a second isolation module, the load device being electrically connected to the branch circuit cable, and the second isolation module being installed on the branch circuit cable electrically connected to the load device; the second isolation module is configured to, in response to a fault occurring in the load device, interrupt a connection between the load device and the branch circuit cable to stop operation of the load device in which the fault occurs, the fault including a short circuit, an open circuit, or a ground fault occurring in the load device; 12. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 1 or 11.

13. If the load node is a movable load node, the branch node includes a first constant current / constant voltage conversion module, the load node includes a second constant current / constant voltage conversion module, the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module and the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module can be electromagnetically coupled to realize the connection between the branch node and the load node, and the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module is electrically connected to the load device at the load node; the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module is arranged to convert the constant current received by the branch node into a corresponding magnetic field; the second constant current / constant voltage conversion module is configured to respond to coupling with the magnetic field generated by the first constant current / constant voltage conversion module, generate a corresponding constant voltage current in response to the magnetic field, and supply power to the load device; 13. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 12.

14. If the number of the terminal power sources is two or more, the terminal power sources include at least one first terminal power source and at least one second terminal power source, the first terminal power source and the second terminal power source are both electrically connected to the trunk cable, and the output polarities of the first terminal power source and the second terminal power source are opposite.

2. The long-distance underwater power supply system according to claim 1.

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