Civil and wooden structures

Abstract

To reduce an amount of outbreak for embedding a civil engineering structure.SOLUTION: A civil engineering structure has a plurality of steel frames 10, which are connected with each other in a height direction H and a width direction W intersecting with the height direction H, and a steel embedding frame 50, which is connected to at least either one of the steel frames 10 located at both ends in the width direction W and embedded in the foundation. The embedding frame 50 has steel diagonal members 61a, 61b, which are connected at one ends to a frame material extending in the width direction W on the steel frames 10 connected to upper side in the height direction H, directly connected at the other ends to a lower end of the steel frames 10 connected in the width direction W, and obliquely extend.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7A

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to civil engineering structures.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, in mountain control work, sand control work, and other general civil engineering work, civil engineering structures installed between valleys are known as dams, earth dams, retaining walls, etc. The civil engineering structure includes a steel frame and stone materials (filling materials), and the steel frames are connected to each other vertically and horizontally. The steel frame forms a three-dimensional skeleton with steel column materials (column materials), horizontal materials (beam materials), and connecting materials, and a screen material is provided on a part of the surface of the skeleton and assembled in unit units. The stone materials are filled inside the steel frame (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] In the civil engineering structure in Patent Document 1, the steel frames are stacked vertically and connected to each other such that both left and right ends are stepped. At the left and right ends of the civil engineering structure, an auxiliary steel frame (anchoring frame) is connected according to the shape, size, etc. required to fill the space between the part of the ground dug to the depth of anchoring along the inclined terrain line and the stepped end in the civil engineering structure.

[0004] The auxiliary steel frame (anchoring frame) is formed in a cage shape (basket shape) as a whole by steel inclined members inclined at the lower end portions of the outer column members of the steel frame at the left and right ends of the civil engineering structure and a screen material connecting between the steel inclined members.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] Incidentally, when installing a civil engineering structure with an auxiliary steel frame, it is necessary to excavate (over-excavate) the ground (natural soil) by the amount that will be embedded along the auxiliary steel frame. The design excavation line that serves as the basis for excavation is sometimes determined along the steel diagonal members of the auxiliary steel frame. For example, the steel diagonal members in Patent Document 1 extend inclined from a position away from the lower end of the column members of the steel frame. The further the steel diagonal members are from the column members, the larger the scale of the natural soil to be excavated becomes. Excavating natural soil is often difficult due to reasons such as the excavation surface being a slope or the presence of rocks, and there is a latent demand to reduce the amount of natural soil to be excavated.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide a technology for reducing the amount of excess excavation required for embedding civil engineering structures. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The civil engineering structure according to the present invention comprises a plurality of steel frames connected to each other in the height direction and in one intersecting direction intersecting the height direction, and a steel embedding frame connected to at least one of the steel frames located at both ends in the one intersecting direction and embedded in the ground, wherein the embedding frame has a steel diagonal member that is connected at one end to a frame member extending in the one intersecting direction in the steel frame connected on the upper side in the height direction, and is directly connected at the other end to the lower end of the steel frame connected in the one intersecting direction and extends diagonally.

[0009] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the civil engineering structure according to the present invention, the diagonal member has a connecting portion that extends along the height direction and is connected to the steel frame in the first intersecting direction, and an inclined portion that extends diagonally from the upper end of the connecting portion toward the steel frame connected to the upper side in the height direction, and the connecting portion may be connected to the steel frame in the first intersecting direction on the extension line of the inclined portion.

[0010] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the civil engineering structure according to the present invention, the embedded portion may have at least one steel facing material that extends parallel to each other in the height direction at a predetermined interval in the one intersecting direction between the steel frame and the diagonal member in the height direction.

[0011] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the civil engineering structure according to the present invention, the embedded portion may have at least one facing material that connects a pair of diagonal members provided in other intersecting directions that intersect the height direction and the one intersecting direction. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] This invention makes it possible to reduce the amount of excess excavation required for embedding civil engineering structures. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] [Figure 1] This is a schematic front view showing a civil engineering structure according to the present invention. [Figure 2A] This is a front view showing one end of a civil engineering structure in the width direction W according to the present invention. [Figure 2B] This is a side view of a civil engineering structure according to the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of a single steel frame with the lowest reinforcing frame connected. [Figure 4] This is a plan view of the top steel frame. [Figure 5] This is a bottom view of the steel frame at the bottom. [Figure 6] This is a front view of the foundation frame as seen from the downstream side. [Figure 7A] This is a partially enlarged front view to illustrate the configuration of the diagonal bracing. [Figure 7B] This is a partially enlarged rear view to illustrate the configuration of the diagonal bracing. [Figure 7C] This is a plan cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the diagonal members. [Figure 7D] This is a perspective view of the diagonal brace from the front and below. [Figure 7E]It is a rear perspective view for explaining the structure of the diagonal member. [Figure 8] It is a rear view of the foundation frame seen from the upstream side. [Figure 9] It is a diagram showing the connection state between the foundation frame and the steel frame according to the comparative example.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0014] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that in the following description, the drawings are schematic, and it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the dimensional relationships between elements, the ratios of each element, etc. may be different from reality. There may also be parts where the dimensional relationships and ratios between the drawings are different from each other.

[0015] The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention is installed on the slope of a sloping ground and is used as a dam, earth retaining wall, retaining wall, etc. For example, the civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention is installed in the river width direction between valleys to block debris flows flowing from upstream.

[0016] <Configuration of Civil Engineering Structure> FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing the civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention. The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention includes a steel frame 10, a reinforcing frame 30, a foundation frame 50, and a filling material (not shown), and is excellent in flexibility and water permeability, and can shorten the construction period and enable year-round construction.

[0017] The civil engineering structure 1 is formed by stacking and connecting a plurality of steel frames 10 in the height direction H so as to reach a predetermined height, and is connected to each other in the width direction W and the depth direction D. For the sake of convenience of explanation, in the state where the civil engineering structure 1 is installed as a dam, the vertical direction of the civil engineering structure 1 is the "height direction H", the direction of the civil engineering structure 1 extending along the river width is the "width direction W", and the direction of the civil engineering structure 1 extending along the flow of the river is the "depth direction D". When the civil engineering structure 1 is installed as an earth retaining wall or a retaining wall, the width direction W is the direction continuous along the slope of the natural ground, etc., and the depth direction D is the direction toward the slope of the natural ground, etc.

[0018] The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention has two steel column members 21a, two steel column members 21b, steel connecting members 22a, 22b that connect the column members 21a, 21b to each other at the upper and lower ends of the column members 21a, 21b, beam members 23a, 23b, beam members 25a, 25b, a plurality of steel frames 10 connected to each other in the height direction H and the width direction (one intersecting direction) W that intersects the height direction H, a filling material filled inside the steel frames 10, and steel frames 10 located at both ends in the width direction W The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention comprises a steel embedding frame 50 connected to at least one side and embedded in the ground, wherein the embedding frame 50 is connected at one end to beam members 23b, 25b of the steel frame 10 connected to the upper side in the height direction H, and at the other end is directly connected to the lower ends of column members 21a, 21b of the steel frame 10 connected in the width direction W, and has steel diagonal members 61a, 61b that extend diagonally between beam members 23b, beam members 25b and column members 21a, column members 21b. The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0019] Figure 2A is a front view showing one end of the civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention in the width direction W. Figure 2B is a side view of the civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the civil engineering structure 1 has four layers of steel frames 10 stacked in the height direction H. The lower three layers of steel frames 10 are formed in a trapezoidal or substantially trapezoidal shape in a side view, and the uppermost steel frame 10 is formed in a rectangular or substantially rectangular shape in a side view. When the civil engineering structure 1 is installed, the downstream-facing sides of the lower three layers of steel frames 10 are inclined at an angle. As a whole, the downstream-facing side of the lowest steel frame 10 is inclined upstream toward the third steel frame 10. The upstream-facing sides of the lower three layers of steel frames 10 extend vertically or substantially vertically in the height direction H. The dimensions of the civil engineering structure 1 in the depth direction D decrease from the bottom to the top along the height direction H.

[0020] The uppermost steel frame 10 is connected to the upper side of the third steel frame 10 from the bottom. The upstream and downstream sides of the uppermost steel frame 10 extend vertically or substantially vertically. The dimension of the uppermost steel frame 10 in the depth direction D is the same as the dimension of the top surface of the third steel frame 10 in the depth direction D. The uppermost steel frame 10 is provided at a predetermined interval in the width direction W in the center so that a water passage section 2 (see Figure 1) is formed. The reinforcing frame 30 is formed in a rectangular or substantially rectangular shape in side view and is connected to the two lower steel frames 10 along the width direction W on the side facing upstream.

[0021] The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention has a shape that corresponds to the slope of the natural ground when installed as a weir in a river (see Figure 1). For example, the civil engineering structure 1 according to this embodiment is configured in an inverted triangular shape that widens in the width direction W from the bottom to the top along the height direction H, and the number of steel frames 10 connected in the width direction W differs in each stage. For example, the number of steel frames 10 in the lower stage is one less than the number of steel frames 10 in the upper stage at both ends of the width direction W.

[0022] The embedding frames 50 are connected to both ends of the steel frames 10 in the width direction W at each level. The embedding frames 50 are formed in a triangular or approximately triangular shape when viewed from the front. The embedding frames 50 are formed along the slope to match the shape of the natural ground in the civil engineering structure 1. In its installed state, the civil engineering structure 1 is backfilled into the ground at both ends of the embedding frames 50 in the width direction W, several steel frames 10 on the side closer to the embedding frames 50, and on the riverbed side.

[0023] [Steel frame] Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of a steel frame 10 to which the lowest reinforcing frame 30 is connected. The steel frame 10 is a hexahedron frame formed by three-dimensionally combining steel frame materials, having a left side portion 11a and a right side portion 11b facing the width direction W, a front portion 12a and a rear portion 12b facing the depth direction D, and a top portion 13a and a bottom portion 13b facing the height direction H. In the following description, the steel frame 10 installed at the lowest level in the civil engineering structure 1 will be used as an example.

[0024] (Left side part, right side part) The left side portion 11a is the end face on the left side when viewed from the downstream side, and the right side portion 11b is the end face on the right side when viewed from the downstream side. The left side portion 11a and the right side portion 11b are formed in a trapezoidal shape. The left side portion 11a is defined by column members (frame members) 21a, 21b and connecting members (frame members) 22a, 22b. The column members 21a, 21b are formed, for example, from H-shaped steel and are erected in the height direction H. Column member 21a is located on the side facing downstream relative to column member 21b in the depth direction D, and column member 21b is located on the side facing upstream relative to column member 21a in the depth direction D.

[0025] The connecting member 22a is formed, for example, from angle steel with an L-shaped or nearly L-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 22a connects column members 21a and 21b in the depth direction D via a joint plate 14. In the height direction H, the connecting member 22a connects column members 21a and 21b to each other at their respective upper ends (hereinafter also referred to as the "upper end").

[0026] The connecting member 22b is formed, for example, from angle steel with an L-shaped or nearly L-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 22b connects column member 21a and column member 21b via joint plate 15. In the height direction H, the connecting member 22b connects column member 21a and column member 21b to each other in the depth direction D at their respective lower ends (hereinafter also referred to as "lower ends").

[0027] Column members 21a and 21b are further connected in the depth direction D by a brace 16. Specifically, the brace 16 is connected at one end to the upper end of column member 21a via a joint plate 14, and at the other end to the lower end of column member 21b via a joint plate 15, and extends diagonally between column members 21a and 21b. The above-mentioned column members 21a, 21b, connecting members 22a and 22b are connected to each other by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may also be connected by pins.

[0028] In the left side portion 11a and the right side portion 11b, the angle between the column member 21a and the connecting member 22a is obtuse, and the angle between the column member 21a and the connecting member 22b is acute. Furthermore, in the left side portion 11a and the right side portion 11b, the angle between the column member 21b and the connecting member 22a is right or approximately right, and the angle between the column member 21b and the connecting member 22b is right or approximately right.

[0029] (Front part) The front section 12a faces downstream and is rectangular in shape when viewed from above. The front section 12a is defined by two column members 21a and beam members (frame members) 23a and 23b. The two column members 21a are provided at a predetermined distance from each other in the width direction W.

[0030] The beam member 23a is formed, for example, from an H-shaped steel. The beam member 23a connects two column members 21a at their upper ends in the width direction W. Specifically, the beam member 23a is inserted between the flanges of the H-shaped steel of the column members 21a, and the flange on the beam member 23a side and the flange on the column member 21a side are connected to each other. The beam member 23a has a plurality of connecting holes 23c. The connecting holes 23c are formed in pairs with the web in between and at a predetermined interval in the width direction W. The connecting holes 23c are used for connecting the front member 24, which will be described later. In the civil engineering structure 1, the beam member 23a in the uppermost steel frame 10 is formed, for example, from a channel steel with a U-shaped or substantially U-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction, and the connecting holes 23c are used for connecting the top member 26, which will be described later.

[0031] The beam members 23b are formed, for example, from channel steel with a U-shaped or substantially U-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. The beam members 23b connect two column members 21a to each other in the width direction W at their lower ends. The beam members 23b have a plurality of connecting holes 23d. The connecting holes 23d are formed in pairs across the web and at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. The connecting holes 23d are used for connecting the front members 24, bottom members 27, diagonal members 61a and front members 64a, which will be described later. In civil engineering structures 1, the beam members 23b in the steel frames 10 other than the lowest level are formed, for example, from H-shaped steel.

[0032] The front section 12a has a plurality of front members 24 spaced at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material, described later, from flowing out of the steel frame 10. The front members 24 are formed, for example, from channel steel with a U-shaped or substantially U-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the front member 24 is connected to the beam member 23a, and the other end is connected to the beam member 23b. The column member 21a, beam members 23a, 23b, and front members 24 are connected to each other by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may also be connected by pins.

[0033] (rear part) The rear section 12b faces the upstream side and is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view. The rear section 12b is defined by two column members 21b and beam members (frame members) 25a, 25b. The two column members 21b are provided at a predetermined distance from each other in the width direction W.

[0034] The beam member 25a is formed, for example, from an H-shaped steel. The beam member 25a connects two column members 21b at their upper ends in the width direction W. The beam member 25a has a plurality of connecting holes 25c. The connecting holes 25c are formed in pairs with the web in between and at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. In the upper two stages of the steel frame 10 of the civil engineering structure 1, the connecting holes 25c are used to connect the rear members (not shown). In the uppermost stage of the steel frame 10 of the civil engineering structure 1, the beam member 25a is formed, for example, from a channel steel with a cross-sectional shape that intersects in the longitudinal direction and is U-shaped or substantially U-shaped, and the connecting holes 25c are used to connect the top member 26 (see Figure 4), which will be described later.

[0035] The beam member 25b is formed, for example, from channel steel with a U-shaped or substantially U-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. The beam member 25b connects two column members 21b to each other in the width direction W at their lower ends. The beam member 25b has a plurality of connecting holes 25d. The connecting holes 25d are formed at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. The connecting holes 25d are used for connecting the bottom member 27, rear member 64b and diagonal member 61b, which will be described later. In addition, the beam members 25b in the steel frames 10 other than the lowest stage in the civil engineering structure 1 are formed, for example, from H-shaped steel, and the connecting holes 25d in the steel frames 10 other than the lower two stages are used for connecting the rear member (not shown).

[0036] In the civil engineering structure 1, the rear surface portion 12b of the upper two stages of steel frame 10 in the height direction H has a plurality of rear surface members (not shown) spaced at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from flowing out of the steel frame 10. The rear surface members are formed, for example, from angle steel with an L-shaped or substantially L-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the rear surface member is connected to the beam member 25a, and the other end is connected to the beam member 25b. In the civil engineering structure 1, the lower two stages of steel frame 10 in the height direction H do not have rear surface members because the reinforcing frame 30, which will be described later, is connected to them. The column members 21b, beam members 25a, beam members 25b, and rear surface members are connected to each other by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may also be connected by pins.

[0037] (Top part) The top surface 13a faces upward in the height direction H and is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view. The top surface 13a is defined by connecting members 22a and beam members 23a and 25a. In this embodiment, connecting members 22a are provided at three locations in the width direction W. At each location, two connecting members 22a are provided back to back. The middle connecting member 22a is connected to beam members 23a and 25a in the depth direction D.

[0038] Figure 4 is a plan view of the uppermost steel frame 10. Of the civil engineering structure 1, the top surface 13a of the uppermost steel frame 10 in the height direction H has multiple top surface materials 26 to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from flowing out of the steel frame 10. The top surface materials 26 are provided between the beam members 23a and 25a at a predetermined interval in the width direction W. Steel frames 10 other than the uppermost one in the height direction H do not have top surface materials 26.

[0039] The top surface material 26 is formed, for example, from flat steel with a rectangular or substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. One end of the top surface material 26 is connected to the beam material 23a, and the other end is connected to the beam material 25a. The connecting material 22a and the beam materials 23a and 25a are connected to each other by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may also be connected by pins.

[0040] (bottom part) Figure 5 is a bottom view of the lowest steel frame 10. The bottom surface 13b faces downwards in the height direction H and is rectangular in shape in plan view. The bottom surface 13b is defined by connecting members 22b, beam members 23b, and beam members 25b. In this embodiment, connecting members 22b are provided at three locations in the width direction W. At each location, two connecting members 22b are provided back to back. The middle connecting member 22b is connected to beam members 23b and beam members 25b in the depth direction D. The bottom surface 13b has a plurality of bottom surface members 27 to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from flowing out of the steel frame 10. The bottom surface members 27 are provided between beam members 23b and beam members 25b at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. In the height direction H, the steel frames 10 other than the lowest one do not have bottom surface members 27.

[0041] The base member 27 is formed, for example, from flat steel with a rectangular or substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. One end of the base member 27 is connected to the beam member 23b, and the other end is connected to the beam member 25b. The connecting member 22b and the beam members 23b and 25b are connected to each other by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited and may be connected by pins.

[0042] [Reinforcement slots] The reinforcing frame 30 is provided on the upstream side of the first and second lower steel frames 10 in the height direction H. In other words, the reinforcing frame 30 is provided on the side of the rear surface 12b of the steel frame 10. The reinforcing frame 30 is a frame formed by three-dimensionally combining steel frame members, having a left side surface 31a and a right side surface 31b facing the width direction W, a rear surface 32 facing the depth direction D, and a top surface 33a and a bottom surface 33b facing the height direction H. In the following description, the reinforcing frame 30 provided on the lowest steel frame 10 installed in the civil engineering structure 1 will be explained.

[0043] (Left side part, right side part) The left side portion 31a is the end face on the left side when viewed from the downstream side, and the right side portion 31b is the end face on the right side when viewed from the downstream side. The left side portion 31a and the right side portion 31b are formed in a rectangular shape. The left side portion 31a is defined by column member 21b, column member 41, connecting member 42a, and connecting member 42b. Each column member 41 is formed, for example, from an H-shaped steel and is erected in the height direction H. The column members 41 are erected on the upstream side relative to the column members 21b of the steel frame 10.

[0044] The connecting member 42a is formed, for example, from angle steel with an L-shaped or approximately L-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 42a connects column member 41 and column member 21b to each other at their respective upper ends (hereinafter also referred to as "upper ends") in the height direction H. The connecting member 42b is formed, for example, from angle steel with an L-shaped or approximately L-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 42b connects column member 21a and column member 21b to each other in the depth direction D at their respective lower ends (hereinafter also referred to as "lower ends") in the height direction H.

[0045] The left side portion 31a and the right side portion 31b of the reinforcing frame 30, which are provided at both ends in the width direction W, have a plurality of side members 36 (see Figure 2B) at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from flowing out of the reinforcing frame 30. The side members 36 are formed, for example, from angle steel with an L-shaped or substantially L-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the side member 36 is connected to the column member 41 and the other end is connected to the column member 21b, and is provided between the column member 41 and the column member 21b.

[0046] (rear part) In the reinforcing frame 30, the rear surface portion 32 facing upstream is defined by the column members 41 and the beam members 43a and 43b. The beam member 43a is formed of, for example, an H-shaped steel. The beam member 43a connects two column members 41 at their upper ends in the width direction W. The beam member 45a has a plurality of connecting holes 43c. The connecting holes 43c are formed in pairs with the web in between and at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. The connecting holes 43c are used for connecting the rear surface member 46, which will be described later. In the civil engineering structure 1, the beam member 43a in the upper reinforcing frame 30 is formed of, for example, a channel steel with a U-shaped or substantially U-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction.

[0047] The beam member 43b is formed, for example, from channel steel with a U-shaped or substantially U-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. The beam member 43b connects two column members 41 to each other in the width direction W at their lower ends. The beam member 43b has a plurality of connecting holes 43d. The connecting holes 43d are formed at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. The connecting holes 43d are used for connecting the rear face member 46, which will be described later. In the civil engineering structure 1, the beam member 43b in the upper reinforcing frame 30 is formed, for example, from H-shaped steel.

[0048] The rear section 32 has a plurality of rear members 46 spaced at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from flowing out of the reinforcing frame 30. The rear members 46 are formed, for example, from channel steel with an L-shaped or substantially L-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the rear member 46 is connected to the beam member 43a, and the other end is connected to the beam member 43b.

[0049] (Top part) The top surface 33a faces upward in the height direction H and is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view. The top surface 33a is defined by connecting members 42a and beam members 43a and 25a. In this embodiment, connecting members 42a are provided at three locations in the width direction W. At each location, two connecting members 42a are provided back to back. The middle connecting member 42a is connected to beam members 43a and 25a in the depth direction D.

[0050] In the civil engineering structure 1, the top surface 33a of the upper reinforcing frame 30 in the height direction H has multiple top surface materials (not shown) to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from flowing out of the reinforcing frame 30. The top surface materials are provided between the beam members 43a and 25a at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. The lower reinforcing frame 30 in the height direction H does not have top surface materials.

[0051] The top surface material is formed, for example, from flat steel with a rectangular or substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. One end of the top surface material is connected to beam material 43a, and the other end is connected to beam material 25a. The connecting material 42a, beam material 43a, and beam material 25a are connected to each other by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may also be connected by pins.

[0052] (bottom part) The bottom surface 33b faces downward in the height direction H and is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view. The bottom surface 33b is defined by a connecting member 42b and beam members 43b and 25b. In this embodiment, three connecting members 42b are provided in the width direction W. Two connecting members 42b are provided back to back at each location. The middle connecting member 42b is connected to beam members 43b and 25b in the depth direction D.

[0053] In the civil engineering structure 1, the bottom surface 33b of the lower reinforcing frame 30 in the height direction H has multiple bottom surface materials 47 to prevent the filling material, described later, from flowing out of the reinforcing frame 30. The bottom surface materials 47 are provided between the beam members 43b and 25b at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. The upper reinforcing frame 30 in the height direction H does not have bottom surface materials 47.

[0054] The base member 47 is formed, for example, from flat steel with a rectangular or substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. One end of the base member 47 is connected to the beam member 43b, and the other end is connected to the beam member 25b. The connecting members 42b, beam members 43b, and beam members 25a are connected to each other by bolts and nuts, but are not limited to this, and may also be connected by pins.

[0055] [Foundation frame] Figure 6 is a front view of the embedment frame 50 as seen from the downstream side. The embedment frame 50 is provided on each stage of the steel frame 10 in the civil engineering structure 1. Specifically, the embedment frame 50 is provided between the steel frame 10 provided at both ends in the width direction W of each stage and the steel frame 10 provided at both ends in the width direction W of the upper stage. When connected to the steel frame 10, the embedment frame 50 has a front portion 51a, a rear portion 51b, and a bottom portion (slope portion) 52 (see Figures 2A and 2B). Note that the embedment frame 50 may be provided on only one of the steel frame 10 provided at both ends in the width direction W of each stage.

[0056] (Front part) The front section 51a faces downstream and is triangular in shape in plan view. The front section 51a is defined by a column member 21a of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the width direction W, a beam member 23b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the height direction H, and a diagonal member 61a. The diagonal member 61a extends diagonally between the lower end of the column member 21a of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the width direction W and the beam member 23b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the height direction H. Specifically, the diagonal member 61a is connected to the beam member 23b on the side of the column member 21a that is the free end in the width direction W of the two column members 21a adjacent in the height direction H.

[0057] Figure 7A is a partially enlarged front view illustrating the configuration of the diagonal members 61a and 61b. Figure 7B is a partially enlarged rear view illustrating the configuration of the diagonal members 61a and 61b. Figure 7C is a plan cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the diagonal members 61a and 61b. Figure 7D is a perspective view of the diagonal members 61a and 61b viewed from the front and below. Figure 7E is a rear perspective view illustrating the configuration of the diagonal members 61a and 61b. The diagonal members 61a and 61b according to the present invention are housed between the flanges of the column members 21a and 21b of the steel frame 10.

[0058] The diagonal member 61a is formed, for example, from angle steel with an L-shaped or approximately L-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction, and has wall portions 66a and 66b that are perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to each other. When the diagonal member 61a is connected to other members (hereinafter also referred to as the "connected state"), wall portion 66a faces the downstream side, and wall portion 66b faces downward in the height direction H and diagonally downward to the side in the width direction W.

[0059] The diagonal member 61a has a connecting portion 63a and an inclined portion 65a. In the connected state, the connecting portion 63a is the part that is directly connected to the column member 21a, is inserted between the flanges of the column member 21a and extends along the longitudinal direction (extension direction) of the column member 21a. The diagonal member 61a is directly connected to the flange of the column member 21a facing downstream in the wall portion 66a. The connection point C1 with the column member 21a in the connecting portion 63a is in the same or approximately the same position in the height direction H as the connection point C2 with the beam member 23b on the opposite side of the web of the column member 21a.

[0060] The inclined portion 65a is the part that extends toward the upper beam member 23b at a predetermined angle with respect to the connecting portion 63a. The angle of the inclined portion 65a with respect to the connecting portion 63a can be set as appropriate. In the inclined portion 65a, the wall portion 66b extends upstream from the lower edge of the wall portion 66a in the height direction H. In the inclined portion 65a, the connection point C1 between the connecting portion 63a and the column member 21a lies on the longitudinal extension line of the wall portion 66b, and furthermore, this extension line coincides with the lower end of the web of the column member 21a.

[0061] The front section 51a has a plurality of front members 64a spaced at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from flowing out of the foundation frame 50. The front members 64a are formed, for example, from channel steel with a U-shaped or substantially U-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the front member 64a is connected to the beam member 23b, and the other end is connected to the inclined portion 65a of the diagonal member 61a.

[0062] (rear part) Figure 8 is a rear view of the embedded frame 50 as seen from the upstream side. The rear portion 51b faces the upstream side and is triangular in shape in plan view. The rear portion 51b is defined by the column members 21b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the width direction W, the beam members 25b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the height direction H, and the diagonal member 61b. The diagonal member 61b extends diagonally between the lower end of the column member 21b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the width direction W and the beam member 25b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the height direction H. Specifically, the diagonal member 61b is connected to the beam member 25b on the side of the column member 21b that is on the free end side in the width direction W of the two column members 21b adjacent in the height direction H.

[0063] The diagonal member 61b is formed, for example, from angle steel with an L-shaped or approximately L-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction, and has wall portions 67a and 67b that are perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to each other. When the diagonal member 61b is connected to other members (hereinafter also referred to as the "connected state"), wall portion 67a faces the upstream side, and wall portion 67b faces downward in the height direction H and diagonally downward to the side in the width direction W.

[0064] The diagonal member 61b has a connecting portion 63b and an inclined portion 65b. In the connected state, the connecting portion 63b is the part that is directly connected to the column member 21b, is inserted between the flanges of the column member 21b, and extends along the longitudinal direction (extension direction) of the column member 21b. The diagonal member 61b is directly connected to the flange of the column member 21b facing upstream in the wall portion 67a. The connecting portion 63b is at the same or approximately the same position in the height direction H as the connection point C3 with the column member 21b and the connection point C4 with the beam member 25b on the opposite side of the web of the column member 21b.

[0065] The inclined portion 65b is the part that extends toward the upper beam member 25b at a predetermined angle with respect to the connecting portion 63b. The angle of the inclined portion 65b with respect to the connecting portion 63b can be set as appropriate. In the inclined portion 65b, the wall portion 67b extends upstream from the lower edge of the wall portion 67a in the height direction H. In the inclined portion 65b, the connection point C3 between the connecting portion 63b and the column member 21b lies on the longitudinal extension of the wall portion 67b, and furthermore, this extension coincides with the lower end of the web of the column member 21b.

[0066] The rear section 51b has a plurality of rear members 64b spaced at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from flowing out of the foundation frame 50. The rear members 64b are formed, for example, from channel steel with a U-shaped or substantially U-shaped cross-section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the rear member 64b is connected to the beam member 25b, and the other end is connected to the inclined portion 65b of the diagonal member 61b.

[0067] (bottom part) The bottom surface 52 faces diagonally downwards in the height direction H and laterally in the width direction W, and is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view. The bottom surface 52 is defined by the steel frame 10 connected to the upper side in the height direction H and the connecting member 22b in the steel frame 10 connected in the width direction W, and the diagonal members 61a, 61b. The bottom surface 52 has a plurality of bottom surface members 53 to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from flowing out of the steel frame 10 (see Figure 2B). The bottom surface members 53 are provided between the diagonal members 61a, 61b at predetermined intervals in the width direction W.

[0068] The base material 53 is formed, for example, from flat steel with a rectangular or substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. One end of the base material 53 is connected to the wall portion 66b of the diagonal member 61a, and the other end is connected to the wall portion 67b of the diagonal member 61b. The connecting member 22b, diagonal members 61a, diagonal members 61b, and base material 53 are connected to each other by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may also be connected by pins.

[0069] [Filling material] The filling material (not shown) is filled into the steel frame 10, the reinforcing frame 30, and the foundation frame 50, respectively. From the perspective of water permeability, pebbles, broken stones, etc., are used as the filling material.

[0070] According to the civil engineering structure 1 described above, the diagonal members 61a and 61b of the embedded frame 50, which is installed along the ridge of the natural ground in the width direction W, are directly connected to the lower ends of the column members 21a and 21b of the steel frame 10 adjacent to it in the width direction W. Here, we compare the embedded frame 50 according to the present invention with the embedded frame 500 according to a comparative example.

[0071] Figure 9 shows the connection between the foundation frame 500 and the steel frame 10 according to the comparative example. In the foundation frame 500 according to the comparative example, the diagonal members 610a and 610b are connected to the column members 21a and 21b via joint plates 410. The joint plates 410 protrude from the column members 21a and 21b in the width direction W. In the foundation frame 400 according to the comparative example, the diagonal members 610a and 610b are connected to the column members 21a and 21b via joint plates 410 at a position separated from the column members 21a and 21b in the width direction W.

[0072] In contrast, the foundation frame 50 according to the present invention is directly connected to the column members 21a and 21b of the steel frame 10 adjacent to it in the width direction W. As a result, the diagonal members 61a and 61b of the foundation frame 50 are positioned closer to the steel frame 10 in the width direction W compared to the comparative example. The dashed line A shows the positions of the diagonal members 61a and 61b in the foundation frame 50 according to the present invention.

[0073] In civil engineering structures, the portion of the embedding frame must be embedded in the ground along the slope of the natural ground, requiring the ground to be excavated to a predetermined depth. For example, assuming that the diagonal members 61a and 61b of the steel frame 10 are aligned with the slope of the natural ground, the ground is excavated to a depth (design baseline) set at a certain distance (for example, 2m or more if the riverbed is made of soil) away from the diagonal members 61a and 61b. In the case of the embedding frame 500 in the comparative example, the diagonal members 610a and 610b extend from the column members 210a and 210b and the beam members 230b and 250b at a distance in the width direction W via the joint plate 410. In other words, in the embedding frame 500 in the comparative example, the intersection point of the extension line A2 of the diagonal members 610a and 610b and the center line B2 passing through the centers of the column members 210a and 210b is at a distance from the embedding frame 500 (see Figure 9).

[0074] In contrast, in the embedded frame 50 according to the present invention, one end of each diagonal member 61a, 61b is partially stored in the column members 21a, 21b, and the center line A1 passing through the center of the column members 21a, 21b and the extension line B1 of the wall portion 66b of the diagonal member 61a and the wall portion 67b of the diagonal member 61b intersect at the lower end of the column members 21a, 21b (see Figures 6, 7A and 8). Since the excavation line for digging is aligned with or nearly aligned with the wall portion 66b of the diagonal member 61a and the wall portion 67b of the diagonal member 61b of the embedded frame 50, the diagonal members 61a, 61b are closer to the steel frame 10 compared to the comparative example, and the amount of digging can be reduced.

[0075] According to the civil engineering structure 1 of the present invention, the diagonal members 61a and 61b of the embedment frame 50 connected to the column members 21a and 21b are inserted and connected between the flanges of the H-shaped steel column members 21a and 21b, respectively. This makes it possible to set the excavation line in a position close to the column members 21a and 21b, and to reduce the amount of excavation of the ground compared to the comparative example.

[0076] Furthermore, each of the diagonal members 61a and 61b has connecting portions 63a and 63b that extend along the direction of extension of the column members 21a and 21b, and one end of the connecting portion 63a and 63b is connected to the column members 21a and 21b at the lower end of the column members 21a and 21b. This allows the connection position with the column members 21a and 21b to be set on the extension of the wall portions 66b and 67b of the inclined portions 65a and 65b of the diagonal members 61a and 61b, thereby providing structural stability in the embedded frame 50.

[0077] Furthermore, since the diagonal members 61a and 61b are formed from angle steel, the bottom member 53 that spans between them can be easily connected by placing it on the respective wall sections 66b and 67b.

[0078] <Other> Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but includes all aspects included in the concept and claims of the present invention. Furthermore, each component may be selectively combined as appropriate to achieve at least some of the problems and effects described above. In addition, for example, the shape, material, arrangement, size, etc. of each component in the above embodiments may be appropriately changed depending on the specific use of the present invention.

[0079] In the above embodiment, the steel frame 10 was unitized, but the steel frames 10 connected in the height direction H and the width direction W may be constructed with common steel materials. For example, among the steel frames 10 connected in the height direction H, the connecting member 22a and beam members 23a, 25a of the lower steel frame 10 may be common with the connecting member 22b and beam members 23b, 25b of the upper steel frame 10. Also, common column members 21a, 21b may be used for the steel frames 10 connected in the width direction W. [Explanation of symbols]

[0080] 1...Civil engineering structures 10...Steel frame 21a, 21b... Column material (frame material), 22a, 22b... Connecting material (frame material), 23a, 23b... Beam material (frame material), 25a, 25b... Beam material (frame material) 30... Reinforcement slots 50... Rooting frame, 61a, 61b... Diagonal bracing, 63a, 63b... Connecting section, 65a, 65b... Inclined section

Claims

1. Multiple steel frames connected to each other in the height direction and in one intersecting direction intersecting the height direction, A steel embedding frame is connected to at least one of the steel frames located at both ends in the aforementioned intersecting direction and embedded in the ground, Equipped with, The aforementioned foundation frame has a steel diagonal member that is connected at one end to a frame member extending in one intersecting direction in a steel frame connected to the upper side in the height direction, and is directly connected at the other end to the lower end of the steel frame connected in the one intersecting direction, and extends diagonally. A civil engineering structure characterized by the following features.

2. The diagonal member has a connecting portion that extends along the height direction and is connected to the steel frame in one intersecting direction, and an inclined portion that extends diagonally from the upper end of the connecting portion toward the steel frame connected to the upper side in the height direction, The connecting portion is connected to the steel frame in the one intersecting direction along the extension of the inclined portion. The civil engineering structure according to feature 1.

3. The civil engineering structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the embedded portion has at least one steel facing material that extends parallel to each other in the height direction at a predetermined interval in the one intersecting direction between the steel frame and the diagonal member in the height direction.

4. The civil engineering structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the embedded portion has at least one facing material that connects a pair of diagonal members provided in other intersecting directions that intersect the height direction and the one intersecting direction.

Images