Heat-resistant protective material and battery

Abstract

This application discloses a heat-resistant protective material and a battery. The heat-resistant protective material includes a composite layer, the composite layer includes a fiber matrix and a resin, the resin is dispersed within the voids of the fiber matrix and / or on the surface of the fiber matrix, and the volume ratio of the fiber matrix in the composite layer is 50% to 70%. By the above means, it is possible to withstand the thermal shock when the battery cell catches fire and explodes, and maintain the structural integrity without being destroyed even when subjected to thermal shock, thereby providing effective heat insulation and protection for the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

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[0001] This application relates to the technical field of batteries, specifically, to a heat-resistant protective material and a battery.

Background Art

[0002] As battery technology is increasingly widely applied in daily life, the safety performance of batteries has also become increasingly noticeable. The safety problem of batteries is substantially closely related to thermal runaway. When thermal runaway occurs in a battery, it may pose a danger to the safety of the entire vehicle and the safety of the passengers' bodies.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] An object of this application is to provide a heat-resistant protective material and a battery that can protect the battery casing from airflow impact and high-temperature melting during thermal runaway of the battery, and enhance the safety performance of the battery.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a heat-resistant protective material including a composite layer, where the composite layer includes a fiber matrix and a resin, the resin is dispersed in the voids of the fiber matrix and / or on the surface of the fiber matrix, and the volume ratio of the fiber matrix in the composite layer is 50% - 75%.

[0005] In an embodiment of this application, the fiber matrix includes a fiber cloth and / or a fiber felt, and the mass content of carbon element in the resin is greater than 40%.

[0006] In an embodiment of this application, the fiber matrix includes the fiber cloth and / or the fiber felt provided in a laminated manner.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present application, the fiber matrix includes the fiber fabric, which is one or more of the following: a twill fabric, a satin fabric, a uniaxial fabric, and a polyaxial fabric.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present application, the resin comprises one or more combinations of phenolic resins, benzoxazine resins, furan resins, polyureas, and phenol-modified epoxy resins, and / or the fibers of the fiber matrix comprises one or more of carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron-carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present application, a viscosity modifier is dispersed in the resin, the amount of the viscosity modifier used is 1 to 10% of the volume of the resin, and / or The resin is dispersed with a curing agent added, and / or The resin contains a flame retardant dispersed therein, the amount of the flame retardant used is 5-40% of the mass of the resin, and / or A phase change material is dispersed in the resin, and the amount of the phase change material used is 5% to 20% of the volume of the fiber matrix.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat-resistant protective material further comprises a ceramic precursor, wherein the ratio of the volume of the ceramic precursor to the sum of the volumes of the ceramic precursor and the resin is less than 50%, or the ratio of the mass of the ceramic precursor to the sum of the masses of the ceramic precursor and the resin is less than 50%.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present application, the ceramic precursor comprises one or more of polysilazane resin, polyborosilazane resin, and polycarbosilane resin.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present application, the fiber matrix comprises a first fiber matrix and a second fiber matrix, the resin is dispersed in the voids of the first fiber matrix and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the first fiber matrix to form a first composite layer, and the ceramic precursor is dispersed in the voids of the second fiber matrix and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the second fiber matrix to form a second composite layer. The first composite layer and the second composite layer are provided stacked to form a laminated structure, or The two preceding 1 composite layers sandwich at least one preceding 2 composite layer to form a laminated structure, or The two preceding second composite layers sandwich at least one preceding first composite layer to form a laminated structure.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the resin and the ceramic precursor is dispersed in the voids of the fiber matrix and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the fiber matrix.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the ceramic precursor is coated on one surface of the composite layer, or on two opposing surfaces of the composite layer.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat-resistant protective material further comprises a silicone-containing filler.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the silicon-containing filler used is 40-70% of the volume of the fiber matrix.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present application, the silicon-containing filler comprises one or more combinations of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic fine powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present application, the silicon-containing filler includes silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of the silica aerogel powder to the mica powder is 1:3 to 1:1.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present application, the silicon-containing filler includes silica and aluminum oxide. The amount of silica used is 50 to 80 wt% of the silicon-containing filler, and the amount of aluminum oxide used is 10 to 30 wt% of the silicon-containing filler.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present application, the silicon-containing filler is applied to the surface of the composite layer or embedded in the resin.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-resistant protective material further includes a high-temperature fusing agent. The amount of the high-temperature fusing agent used is 40 to 70% of the volume of the fiber matrix. The high-temperature fusing agent includes one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and aluminum silicon powder.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-resistant protective material further includes a high-temperature fusing agent. The amount of the high-temperature fusing agent used is 10 wt% to 40 wt% of the silicon-containing filler.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present application, the high-temperature fusing agent includes one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and aluminum silicon powder, and the material of the high-temperature fusing agent is different from the material of the silicon-containing filler.

[0024] [ In one embodiment of the present application, the high-temperature fusing agent is applied to the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in the resin.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-resistant protective material further includes a lubricant. The amount of the lubricant used is 10 wt% to 40 wt% of the silicon-containing filler.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present application, the lubricant includes one or a combination of polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, and paraffin wax.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-resistant protective material further includes a heat-reflective filler, and the usage amount of the heat-reflective filler is 0 to 5 wt% of the heat-resistant protective material.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-resistant protective material further includes a heat-reflective filler, and the usage amount of the heat-reflective filler is 5 to 30 wt% of the silicon-containing filler.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-reflective filler includes one or more of oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium. [[ID=第十四条]]

[0030] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-reflective filler is coated on the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in the resin.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-resistant protective material further includes a colorant, and the colorant includes one or more of carbon black, titanium white, iron black, oil-based color concentrate, and transition metal coloring ion oxides.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-resistant protective material further includes a getter, and the usage amount of the getter is 0 to 10 wt% of the heat-resistant protective material.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present application, the getter is provided on the surface of the composite layer to form a getter layer or embedded in the resin.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-resistant protective material further includes a heat-insulating layer, and the heat-insulating layer is provided by laminating with the composite layer.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present application, the heat-insulating layer includes an aerogel coating or an aerogel felt.

[0036] To solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a battery containing a heat-resistant protective material as described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery is The battery cell includes a first wall equipped with a pressure reduction mechanism, The heat-resistant protective material and the pressure reduction mechanism are provided opposite each other.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery is It includes a plurality of battery cells, including adjacent first and second battery cells arranged along a first direction, The heat-resistant protective material is provided between the first battery cell and the second battery cell. [Effects of the Invention]

[0039] The beneficial effects are as follows:

[0040] In a thermal shock environment, the resin carbonizes and absorbs heat, forming a carbon layer that resists thermal penetration. The heat-resistant fiber matrix provides high-temperature mechanical properties, resisting the impact of high-temperature particles and airflow. The resin is contained within the voids of the fiber matrix, and the carbon layer formed after the resin carbonizes is fixed within the voids of the fiber matrix. This effectively prevents the carbon layer from being eroded and rendered ineffective by the effects of thermal shock within the fiber matrix. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0041] To more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the following briefly introduces the drawings necessary for describing the embodiments. Of course, the drawings in the following description are only a few embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these without any creative work.

[0042] [Figure 1]This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a battery housing according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram of the top cover of a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a battery according to a further embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a battery according to a further embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the bottom wall of a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] This is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a battery housing according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the bottom wall of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the battery. [Figure 14] This is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell and an insulating plate disclosed in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 15] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 16] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 17] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 18] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 19] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 20] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 22] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 23] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 24] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 25] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 26] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 27] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 28] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-resistant protective material disclosed in another embodiment of the present application. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0043] The following examples of embodiments of the technical solution of this application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are merely illustrative and are provided to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application; they should not limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Terms used herein are solely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof in the description of this application, claims, and drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as “first,” “second,” etc., are used to distinguish different subjects and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, or suggesting the number, specific order, or hierarchical relationship of the technical features shown. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited, “plural” means two or more.

[0046] Where the “Examples” are referred to herein, it means that certain features, structures, or properties described in conjunction with the Examples may be included in at least one Example of the Application. The terms as they appear in each part of the Specification do not necessarily refer to the same Example, nor are they mutually exclusive, independent, or optional Examples. Those skilled in the art will understand, either explicitly or implicitly, that the Examples described herein can be combined with other Examples.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" merely describes the interrelationship of the related objects, indicating that there are three possible relationships. For example, A and / or B can indicate three cases: A alone exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B alone exists. In this specification, the letter " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after it have an "or" relationship.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and "multiple sheets" refers to two or more (including two sheets).

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "center," "vertical direction," "horizontal direction," "length," "width," "thickness," "top," "bottom," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," "outside," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial direction," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" are orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings and are merely for the purpose of making the embodiments of this application easier to explain and simplifying the explanation. They do not indicate or imply that the shown devices or components necessarily have a specific orientation, or that they are configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0050] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, terms such as “attach,” “connect,” “join,” and “fix” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, these may be fixed connections, removable connections, integrated connections, mechanical connections, electrical connections, direct connections, indirect connections through intervening materials, internal communication between two elements, or interaction relationships between two elements. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application depending on the specific circumstances.

[0051] In this application, the battery cell may include lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, or magnesium metal batteries, but the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. The battery cell may have a cylindrical, flattened, or other shape, but the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. Battery cells are generally classified into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, rectangular battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, but the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. In the following embodiments, a lithium metal battery will be used as an example for ease of explanation.

[0052] The batteries referred to in the embodiments of this application refer to a single physical module containing one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity. For example, the batteries referred to in this application may include battery modules or battery packs. The batteries generally include a housing for packaging one or more battery cells. The housing can prevent liquids or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.

[0053] In new energy battery vehicles, the battery box, which serves as the energy source, is installed inside the vehicle, and the batteries in the battery box discharge to drive the electric motor of the new energy vehicle. As people's demand for new energy vehicles gradually increases, so does the demand for energy density in batteries. In the case of high-energy battery systems with silicon-doped anodes, when one or more batteries in the battery system experience thermal runaway, they can generate gas at a temperature of >1500°C. When the maximum velocity of the gas exceeds the speed of sound, conventional aerogel-based insulating materials can no longer withstand the thermal and aerodynamic shocks of such high-temperature, high-speed airflow, leading to structural thermal and mechanical decomposition of the aerogel-based insulating material, rendering it ineffective. The high-temperature, high-speed airflow can penetrate the battery pack housing, causing the steel battery housing with a melting point of 1500°C to directly burn, burning continuously for about 30 seconds, directly destroying the new energy vehicle body and endangering passenger safety.

[0054] To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution. A heat-resistant protective material is provided inside the battery pack housing, and this heat-resistant protective material blocks the high-temperature, high-speed gas-solid mixture generated when the battery experiences thermal runaway, protecting the battery housing from airflow shock and high-temperature melting, thereby enhancing the safety performance of the battery.

[0055] The heat-resistant protective material described in the embodiment of this application is applicable to batteries and power-consuming devices that use batteries.

[0056] Power-consuming devices may include vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptop computers, ships, aerospace vehicles, electric toys, and power tools. Vehicles may be gasoline-powered vehicles, gas vehicles, or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles may include secondary battery-powered electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and extended-range electric vehicles. Aerospace vehicles include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft. Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys such as game consoles, electric vehicle toys, electric propulsion ship toys, and electric airplane toys. Power tools include electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, metal cutting power tools such as concrete vibrators and electric planers, polishing power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools. In the embodiments of this application, there are no particular limitations on the power-consuming devices described above.

[0057] In the following embodiment, for the sake of clarity, we will use the example of a vehicle as the power consumption device.

[0058] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1 provided according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1, and the battery 2 may be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1. The battery 2 can be used to supply power to the vehicle 1, and for example, the battery 2 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1.

[0059] Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery 2 provided according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the battery 2 includes a housing 20, a battery cell 6, and a heat-resistant protective material 8. The battery cell 6 and the heat-resistant protective material 8 are housed within the housing 20.

[0060] The housing 20 is used to house the battery cells 6. The housing 20 may have various structures. In some embodiments, the housing 20 may include a first housing portion 201 and a second housing portion 202, the first housing portion 201 and the second housing portion 202 covering each other, and the first housing portion 201 and the second housing portion 202 jointly define a housing space 203 for housing the battery cells 6. The second housing portion 202 may be a hollow structure opening on one side, and the first housing portion 201 is a plate-like structure, and the first housing portion 201 is aligned with the opening side of the second housing portion 202 so as to form a housing 20 having a housing space 203. Both the first housing portion 201 and the second housing portion 202 may be hollow structures opening on one side, and the opening side of the first housing portion 201 is aligned with the opening side of the second housing portion 202 so as to form a housing 20 having a housing space 203. Of course, the first housing portion 201 and the second housing portion 202 may be of various shapes such as cylinders or rectangular parallelepipeds.

[0061] To improve the sealing performance after the first housing portion 201 and the second housing portion 202 are connected, a sealing member such as a sealant or a sealing ring may be provided between the first housing portion 201 and the second housing portion 202.

[0062] Assuming that the first housing portion 201 is aligned with the top of the second housing portion 202, the first housing portion 201 may be called the top cover, and the second housing portion 202 may be called the bottom wall.

[0063] In battery 2, there are multiple battery cells 6. The connections between the multiple battery cells 6 may be in series, parallel, or series-parallel, and series-parallel connection means that the multiple battery cells 6 include both series and parallel connections. The multiple battery cells 6 may be directly connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel before the entire assembly composed of the multiple battery cells 6 is housed in the housing 20. Of course, the multiple battery cells 6 may first be connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel to form a battery module (not shown), and then the multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel to form a single whole, which is then housed in the housing 20. In a battery module, the multiple battery cells 6 can be electrically connected to each other by busbar components, thereby enabling parallel, series, or series-parallel connection of the multiple battery cells 6 in the battery module.

[0064] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell 6 according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the battery cell 6 includes one or more electrode assemblies 61, a case 621, and an end cover 622. The case 621 and the end cover 622 form a housing or battery box 62. The walls of the case 621 and the end cover 622 are both called the walls of the battery cell 6, and in the case of a rectangular parallelepiped battery cell 6, the walls of the case 621 include a bottom wall and four side walls. The shape of the case 621 is determined according to the shape after one or more electrode assemblies 61 are combined, for example, the case 621 may be a hollow rectangular parallelepiped, cube, or cylinder, and one face of the case 621 has an opening so that one or more electrode assemblies 61 can be placed inside the case 621. For example, if case 621 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped or cube, one plane of case 621 is an open surface, that is, this plane has no walls and thus connects the inside and outside of case 621. If case 621 is a hollow cylindrical body, one end face of case 621 is an open surface, that is, this end face has no walls and thus connects the inside and outside of case 621. The end cover 622 covers the opening and is connected to case 621 to form a sealed cavity for the electrode assembly 61. The case 621 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte solution.

[0065] The battery cell 6 may further include two electrode terminals 63, which may be provided on an end cover 622. The end cover 622 is usually flat, and the two electrode terminals 63 are fixed to the flat surface of the end cover 622, with the two electrode terminals 63 being a positive electrode terminal 631 and a negative electrode terminal 632, respectively. One connecting member 64 is provided corresponding to each electrode terminal 63, and this connecting member 64 may also be called a current collector 64, and is located between the end cover 622 and the electrode assembly 61, and is used to realize an electrical connection between the electrode assembly 61 and the electrode terminals 63.

[0066] In this battery cell 6, depending on the actual usage needs, one electrode assembly 61 may be provided, or multiple electrode assemblies 61 may be provided. As shown in Figure 3, four independent electrode assemblies 61 are provided within the battery cell 6.

[0067] The battery cell 6 may be further provided with a pressure reduction mechanism 65. The pressure reduction mechanism 65 is used to release the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 6 when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold.

[0068] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, the battery 2 includes a battery cell 6 and a heat-resistant protective material 8, a pressure reduction mechanism 65 is provided on the first wall of the battery cell 6, and the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the pressure reduction mechanism 65 are provided opposite each other.

[0069] In the embodiments of the present invention, the depressurization mechanism 65 is a structural component that operates to release the internal pressure of the battery cell 6 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 6 reaches a threshold. For example, the depressurization mechanism 65 may be a temperature-sensitive depressurization mechanism that is configured to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 6 to which the depressurization mechanism 65 is provided reaches a threshold, and / or the depressurization mechanism 65 may be a pressure-sensitive depressurization mechanism that is configured to rupture when the internal pressure of the battery cell 6 to which the depressurization mechanism 65 is provided reaches a threshold, and the present invention does not limit the type of depressurization mechanism in any way.

[0070] The battery 2 includes a battery cell 6, and a pressure reducing mechanism 65 for protecting the battery cell 6 is provided on the first wall of the battery cell 6. The battery 2 further includes a heat-resistant protective material 8, and the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the pressure reducing mechanism 65 are arranged opposite each other, that is, the heat-resistant protective material 8 faces the pressure reducing mechanism 65.

[0071] In the above proposed technology, by arranging the depressurization mechanism 65 and the heat-resistant protective material 8 opposite each other, if thermal runaway occurs inside the battery cell 6, the heat-resistant protective material 8 made of polymer matrix composite fiber will block the high-temperature, high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the depressurization mechanism 65, protecting the battery case from airflow shock and high-temperature melting, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery 2.

[0072] In the above proposed technology, a fiber-reinforced resin composite board is manufactured using a polymer resin as the matrix to create a heat-resistant protective material 8. Compared to other polymer material matrices, the fiber-reinforced resin composite board exhibits superior high-temperature resistance and impact resistance.

[0073] Selectively, as shown in Figure 4, the battery cell 6 is housed within the housing 20, and the first wall is a wall of the battery cell 6 that is close to the top cover 201 of the housing 20 and facing the top cover 201.

[0074] If the first wall is a wall of the battery cell 6 that is close to the top cover 201 of the housing 20 and faces the top cover 201, the pressure reduction mechanism 65 is close to the top cover 201 and faces the top cover 201.

[0075] In the above proposed technology, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the depressurization mechanism 65 and the top cover 201. When the battery cell 6 experiences thermal runaway and the depressurization mechanism 65 releases the temperature and pressure inside the battery cell 6, the heat-resistant protective material 8, made of polymer matrix composite fibers, blocks the high-temperature, high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the depressurization mechanism 65, protecting the top cover 201 of the battery 2 from airflow shock and high-temperature melting, and further ensuring the safety of the battery 2.

[0076] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a battery housing according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 5, the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 are selectively provided as a single unit.

[0077] The heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 are provided as a single unit, for example, attached to the surface of the top cover 201 as a patch. That is, the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 may together form the top cover 201 of the battery 2, or the heat-resistant protective material 8 may be the top cover 201 of the battery 2 by itself, as shown in Figure 5.

[0078] In the above proposed technology, when both the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 are the top cover 201 of the battery 2, the top cover 201 of the battery 2 has a two-layer structure, the heat-resistant protective material 8 protects the top cover 201, and further provides more favorable safety protection for the battery 2. When the heat-resistant protective material 8 is the top cover 201 of the battery 2 alone, the heat-resistant protective material 8 can not only keep the top cover 201 of the battery 2 from being subjected to high temperatures and airflow shocks, but can also simplify the structure of the battery 2 and reduce the production cost of the battery 2.

[0079] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a top cover in one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, when the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 are provided integrally, the top cover 201 may have an irregular shape. In the embodiment of the present invention, the top cover 201 may be square, circular, or the like, and the present invention does not limit it in any way; that is, in the production process, the top cover 201 and the heat-resistant protective material 8 can be manufactured in any shape according to the specific product needs.

[0080] Selectively, as shown in Figure 4, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the top cover 201 and the first wall.

[0081] The heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the top cover 201 and the first wall, that is, the depressurization mechanism 65 faces the top cover 201, and the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the top cover 201 and the depressurization mechanism 65.

[0082] In the above proposed technology, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the top cover 201 and the pressure reduction structure 65, with the pressure reduction mechanism 65 facing the top cover 201. In this way, the heat-resistant protective material 8 directly protects the top cover 201, preventing the top cover 201, which is directly facing the pressure reduction mechanism 65, from being subjected to high temperatures and airflow shocks, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery 2.

[0083] Continuing to refer to Figure 4, selectively, the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 are the same size.

[0084] By providing the heat-resistant protective material 8 between the top cover 201 and the pressure-reducing structure 65, and by making the size of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 the same, the top cover 201 can be more comprehensively protected by the heat-resistant protective material 8.

[0085] In the above proposed technology, by providing the heat-resistant protective material 8 between the top cover 201 and the pressure-reducing structure 65, and by making the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 the same size, the heat-resistant protective material 8 can more comprehensively protect the top cover 201, preventing it from coming into contact with the high-temperature, high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the pressure-reducing mechanism 65, and also enhancing the sealing effect on the inside of the battery 2. Furthermore, having the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 be the same size also contributes to easier assembly, reducing the difficulty of assembly.

[0086] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a battery according to a further embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 7, the size of the heat-resistant protective material 8 is selectively smaller than that of the top cover 201.

[0087] In the above proposed technology, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the top cover 201 and the first wall on which the pressure reduction mechanism 65 is located. If the size of the heat-resistant protective material 8 is smaller than the top cover 201, the heat-resistant protective material 8 can protect the top cover 201 and enhance the safety performance of the battery 2, while also reducing production costs.

[0088] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to a further embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 8, selectively, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is a strip-shaped plate, and the projection of the heat-resistant protective material 8 onto the first wall covers the depressurization mechanism 65.

[0089] The shape of the heat-resistant protective material 8 may be a strip as shown in Figure 8, a circle, or any other arbitrary shape. As long as the projection of the heat-resistant protective material 8 onto the first wall covers the depressurization mechanism 65 and performs the function of protecting the housing of the battery 2, the present invention does not limit the shape of the heat-resistant protective material 8 in any way.

[0090] In the above proposed technology, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the top cover 201 and the first wall. If the heat-resistant protective material 8 is in the shape of a strip and its projection onto the first wall covers the depressurization mechanism 65, the heat-resistant protective material 8 can maintain a good protective effect on the top cover 201 while minimizing costs and avoiding material waste in unprotected areas.

[0091] Selectively, the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 are connected by bolts or adhesive.

[0092] The connection method between the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 can vary, as long as both are secured, and this application does not limit itself to any particular method. However, selecting a connection method that is convenient and easy to operate in the actual production process will contribute to its widespread adoption in actual applications.

[0093] In the above proposed technology, the connection between the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 is achieved using bolts or adhesive, and this connection method is easy to implement, highly operable, and contributes to its wide applicability in production.

[0094] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom wall of a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 9, the battery cell 6 is selectively housed in the housing 20, and the first wall is a wall of the battery cell 6 that is close to the bottom wall 202 of the housing 20 and facing the bottom wall 202.

[0095] If the first wall is a wall of the battery cell 6 that is close to the bottom wall 202 of the housing 20 and faces the bottom wall 202, the pressure reduction mechanism 65 is close to the bottom wall 202 and faces the bottom wall 202.

[0096] In the above proposed technology, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the depressurization mechanism 65 and the bottom wall 202. When the battery cell 6 experiences thermal runaway and the depressurization mechanism 65 releases the temperature and pressure inside the battery cell 6, the heat-resistant protective material 8, made of polymer matrix composite fiber, can block the high-temperature, high-speed gas-solid mixture released by the depressurization mechanism 65, protecting the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 from airflow shock and high-temperature melting, and further ensuring the safety of the battery 2.

[0097] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a battery housing according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 10, the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the bottom wall 202 are selectively provided integrally.

[0098] The heat-resistant protective material 8 and the bottom wall 202 are provided as a single unit; that is, the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the bottom wall 202 may both serve as the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2, or the heat-resistant protective material 8 may serve as the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 by itself, as shown in Figure 10.

[0099] In the above proposed technology, when both the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the bottom wall 202 are the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2, the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 has a two-layer structure, the heat-resistant protective material 8 protects the bottom wall 202, and further protects the safety of the battery 2 more effectively. When the heat-resistant protective material 8 is used alone as the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2, the heat-resistant protective material 8 can not only keep the bottom wall 202 of the battery 2 from being subjected to high temperatures and airflow shocks, but can also simplify the structure of the battery 2 and reduce the production cost of the battery 2.

[0100] If the pressure reduction mechanism 65 inside the battery 2 faces only the top cover 201, the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the top cover 201 are provided as a single unit to protect the safety of the battery 2. If the pressure reduction mechanism 65 faces only the bottom wall 202, the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the bottom wall 202 are provided as a single unit to protect the safety of the battery 2. If the pressure reduction mechanism 65 inside the battery 2 faces either the top cover 201 or the bottom wall 202, the heat-resistant protective material 8 can be provided on either the top cover 201 or the bottom wall 202, as shown in Figure 10. In this application, the installation of the heat-resistant protective material 8 in the battery 2 is not specifically limited; it is sufficient that the heat-resistant protective material 8 exists on the wall directly facing the pressure reduction mechanism 65 of the battery cell 6 in the battery 2. In other words, the heat-resistant protective material 8 may be on the top cover 201, the bottom wall 202, or the side walls. Furthermore, the heat-resistant protective material 8 may be a beam in the battery 2, and the specific location of the heat-resistant protective material 8 can be changed according to the arrangement position of the battery cells 6 in the battery 2, and can be installed at any location within the battery 2 according to the actual application needs.

[0101] Selectively, as shown in Figure 9, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the bottom wall 202 and the first wall.

[0102] The heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the bottom wall 202 and the first wall, that is, the depressurization mechanism 65 faces the bottom wall 202, and the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the bottom wall 202 and the depressurization mechanism 65.

[0103] In the above proposed technology, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the bottom wall 202 and the depressurization structure 65, with the depressurization mechanism 65 facing the top cover 201. In this way, the heat-resistant protective material 8 directly protects the bottom wall 202, preventing the bottom wall 202 facing the depressurization mechanism 65 from being subjected to high temperatures and airflow shocks, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery 2.

[0104] Selectively, as shown in Figure 9, a thermal management component 66 is provided between the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the first wall, and the thermal management component 66 is used to contain a fluid and regulate the temperature of the battery cell 6.

[0105] The thermal control component 66 is used to regulate the temperature of the battery cell 6 by containing a fluid. This fluid may be a liquid or a gas, and temperature regulation refers to heating or cooling the battery cell 6. When cooling or lowering the temperature of the battery cell 6, the thermal control component 66 is used to lower the temperature of the battery cell 6 by containing a cooling fluid. In this case, the thermal control component 66 may also be called a cooling component, cooling system, or cooling plate, and the fluid contained therein may be called a cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, a cooling liquid or cooling gas. The thermal control component 66 may also be used to heat the battery cell 6 to raise its temperature, and this is not limited to the embodiments of the present application. Selectively, the fluid may circulate and flow to achieve a better temperature control effect. Selectively, the fluid may be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, etc.

[0106] In the above proposed technology, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the first wall and the housing of the battery 2, or the heat-resistant protective material 8 is directly attached to the housing of the battery 2, thereby protecting the housing of the battery 2 from high temperatures and airflow shocks, and further protecting the safety of the battery 2. By providing a thermal control component that adjusts the temperature of the battery cells 6 between the first wall and the heat-resistant protective material 8, the temperature of the battery cells 6 can be adjusted according to the needs of the battery cells 6 so that the battery cells 6 can operate normally.

[0107] Selectively, a vulnerable region 661 is provided in the thermal management component 66, facing the depressurization mechanism 65, and the vulnerable region 661 is positioned such that when the depressurization mechanism 65 is activated, the discharged material passes through the vulnerable region 661 and is destroyed by the discharged material from the battery cell 6.

[0108] The vulnerable region 661 can employ various configurations that make it susceptible to damage from waste, and the embodiments of this application are not limited to these.

[0109] In the thermal management component 66, a fluid channel can be formed using a thermal conductive material. The temperature of the battery cell 6 is regulated by the fluid flowing through the channel and conducting heat through the thermal conductive material. In the embodiment of the present invention, the vulnerable region 661 may contain only the thermal conductive material and no fluid, and a thin layer of thermal conductive material has already been formed, making it susceptible to damage from discharge. For example, the side of the vulnerable region 661 closest to the bottom wall 202 may be a layer of thermal conductive material so as to form the vulnerable region 661.

[0110] In the above proposed technology, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the first wall and the housing of the battery 2, or the heat-resistant protective material 8 is directly attached to the housing of the battery 2, thereby protecting the safety of the battery 2. By providing a thermal management component 66 between the first wall and the heat-resistant protective material 8, the temperature of the battery cell 6 can be adjusted according to the actual needs of the battery cell 6, ensuring the normal function of the battery cell 6. By providing a vulnerable area 661 in the thermal management component 66, if the vulnerable area 661 is destroyed by airflow shock or high temperature, the exhaust can pass through the vulnerable area 661 and be quickly discharged away from the battery cell 6, reducing the risk of the exhaust to the battery 2 and further improving the safety performance of the battery 2.

[0111] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the bottom wall of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 11, in one embodiment of the present invention, a heat insulating component 67 is provided between the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the housing 20.

[0112] In the above proposed technology, by adding a heat-resistant protective material 8 between the first wall, where the pressure reduction mechanism 65 is provided, and the housing 20, the housing 20 of the battery 2 can be protected from high temperatures and high-speed airflow shocks. By further providing an insulating component 67 between the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the housing 20, the temperature of the housing 20 can be further reduced, thereby protecting the safety of the battery 2.

[0113] Selectively, the insulating component 67 is an air sandwich layer.

[0114] The addition of the heat insulating component 67 is intended to further reduce the temperature of the housing 20. By using an air sandwich layer as the heat insulating component 67, the internal heat of the battery 2 that is transferred to the housing 20 is significantly reduced, and the heat insulating effect is very clear.

[0115] In the above proposed technology, by providing an air sandwich layer as an insulating component 67 between the heat-resistant protective material 8 and the housing 20, the temperature of the housing 20 can be further reduced, thereby enhancing the safety performance of the battery 2.

[0116] Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 12, the battery 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 6, the plurality of battery cells 6 include adjacent first battery cells 6a and second battery cells 6b, the first battery cells 6a and second battery cells 6b are arranged along a first direction x, and the battery 2 further includes a heat-resistant protective material 8, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the first battery cells 6a and second battery cells 6b.

[0117] A heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the first battery cell 6a and the second battery cell 6b. When some of the battery cells 6 in the battery 2 experience thermal runaway, the heat-resistant protective material 8 prevents the thermally runaway battery cell 6 from transferring heat to adjacent battery cells 6, thereby preventing the spread of thermal runaway and effectively preventing the spread of thermal runaway within the battery 2, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery 2.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 13, the heat-resistant protective material 8 is provided between the first wall 68 of the first battery cell 6a and the second wall 69 of the second battery cell 6b, the first wall 68 being the wall with the largest surface area in the first battery cell 6a, and the second wall 69 being the wall with the largest surface area in the second battery cell 6b.

[0119] The heat-resistant protective material 8 is placed between the walls with the largest surface area of ​​two adjacent battery cells 6. In this way, the heat-resistant protective material 8 prevents the spread of thermal runaway in the battery cells 6 from becoming more widespread, and thus contributes more to preventing the spread of thermal runaway within the battery 2.

[0120] It should be understood that the heat-resistant protective material 8 may be provided between the other walls of two adjacent battery cells 6, and if there are adjacent battery cells 6 on any of the four sides of one battery cell 6, the heat-resistant protective material 8 may be provided on any of the four side walls facing the side wall, and may be provided according to the arrangement of the battery cells 6 in the battery 2 and the space needs, and this application is not limited thereto.

[0121] As shown in Figure 14, two heat-resistant protective materials 8 are provided between the first battery cell 6a and the second battery cell 6b, and a thermal resistance layer 9 is sandwiched between the two heat-resistant protective materials 8. By providing the thermal resistance layer 9 between the two heat-resistant protective materials 8 and forming a "sandwich" structure, the heat-resistant protective materials 8 can protect the thermal resistance layer 9 from being pressed and deformed by the battery cells 6a and 6b, enable the thermal resistance layer 9 to perform its heat insulation function better, and ensure that the thermal resistance layer 9 effectively prevents the spread of thermal runaway within the battery 2. Specifically, the thermal resistance layer 9 can be made of aerogel felt. The heat-resistant protective materials 8 of this application may be provided at any location in the battery where thermal protection is required, and it should be understood that the above embodiment is described merely as an example.

[0122] Referring to Figure 15, several embodiments of the present application provide a heat-resistant protective material 8 comprising a composite layer, the composite layer comprising a fiber matrix 810 and a resin 811, the resin 811 being dispersed in the voids of the fiber matrix 810 and / or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810. That is, the heat-resistant protective material 8 comprises a fiber resin (FR) composite layer 81.

[0123] The shape and size of the heat-resistant protective material 8 provided by this application are not limited, and this application will only describe a plate-shaped heat-resistant protective material as an example. The heat-resistant protective material 8 of this application may be provided in a battery cell opposite to a pressure reduction mechanism, or between different battery cells, or the heat-resistant protective material 8 may be manufactured directly as an upper or lower cover of a battery cell or battery pack.

[0124] The fiber matrix 810 provides high-temperature mechanical properties and can resist the impact of high-temperature particles and airflow. A continuous fiber matrix 810 has excellent mechanical strength and impact toughness. During the thermal shock process, solid slag inside the cells is ejected along with the heat flow and is blocked by the fiber matrix 810, which absorbs the impact force of the flame heat flow by utilizing its own deformation. The slag constantly adheres to the fiber matrix 810, forming a barrier and further resisting thermal shock. The volume percentage of the fiber matrix 810 in the composite layer is 50% to 75%, for example, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, or 75%. It is understood that the higher the fiber matrix 810 content, the greater the strength and toughness of the heat-resistant protective material 8. If the volume ratio of the fiber matrix 810 in the composite layer is less than 50%, the strength and toughness of the heat-resistant protective material 8 will be low. If the volume ratio of the fiber matrix 810 in the composite layer is greater than 75%, it will be difficult to disperse the resin 811 within the voids of the fiber matrix 810 and / or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810 to form a composite structure with strong bonding force.

[0125] The fibers of the fiber matrix 810 include one or more of the following: carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron-carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes, and can effectively resist thermal shock. In some embodiments, the fiber matrix 810 includes fiber cloth and / or fiber felt, the fiber cloth being a long-fiber woven fabric, which may be one or more of the following: fiber twill, fiber satin, fiber uniaxial, and fiber polyaxial, and the fiber felt being a flake-like product manufactured by bonding long fibers or chopped fibers together in a non-directional manner using chemical adhesives or mechanical action. Long fibers are continuous protofilaments, and chopped fibers are products obtained by chopping continuous protofilaments; long fibers and chopped fibers are relative concepts, and their specific sizes can be selected according to the size of the fiber matrix 810.

[0126] In some embodiments, the fiber fabric and / or fiber felt in the fiber matrix 810 may be one or more layers. In one specific embodiment, the fiber matrix 810 includes laminated fiber fabric and / or fiber felt, for example, multiple laminated fiber fabrics, multiple laminated fiber felts, or laminated fiber fabric and fiber felt. Two or more layers of fiber fabric and / or fiber felt can be bonded and cured with resin 811 after lamination.

[0127] The resin 811 is dispersed within the voids of the fiber matrix 810 and / or covers the upper and lower surfaces of the fiber matrix 810. The composite form of the fiber matrix 810 and the resin 811 is not limited, and specifically, the resin 811 can be dispersed within the voids of the fiber matrix 810 and / or cured on the upper and lower surfaces of the fiber matrix 810 by immersing a fiber cloth and / or fiber felt in the resin 811 and then curing it to form a composite layer. It is understood that the composite layer may also be formed by laminating the fiber cloth and / or fiber felt with a sheet of resin 811 and then heat pressing it. When subjected to thermal shock, the resin 811 can carbonize and absorb heat, forming a carbon layer that resists thermal penetration. The resin 811 includes one or more combinations of phenolic resins, benzoxazine resins, furan resins, polyureas, and phenol-modified epoxy resins. The furan resin includes furfuralacetone resin. The resin 811 has a high carbon content, and therefore has a high fission temperature. By decomposing and carbonizing, the resin 811 absorbs more heat and exhibits resistance to thermal shock. In some specific embodiments of the present application, the mass content of carbon in the resin 811 is greater than 40%, preferably greater than 50%.

[0128] In some embodiments, the composite form of the fiber matrix 810 and resin 811 is not limited, and specifically, it is provided by laminating multiple layers of fiber cloth after immersing them in resin 811, and the curing conditions include first performing mold molding with a mold molding temperature of 130 to 150°C and a mold molding time of 20 to 40 mins, and then placing it in an oven with a bake temperature of 120 to 180°C and a bake time of 1 to 4 hours. In another configuration, the prefabricated heat-resistant protective material 8 is first partially cured and then cured. Specifically, multiple layers of fiber cloth are immersed in resin 811, then left to stand at 25°C until the surface dries (partially cured), or molded at 50°C to 80°C for 10 to 40 minutes until the surface dries (partially cured) / dried in an oven. After that, the partially cured heat-resistant protective material prefabricated layers are stacked and cured. The curing conditions are as follows: first, mold molding is performed at a mold molding temperature of 130 to 160°C and a mold molding time of 10 to 40 minutes. After that, the layers are placed in an oven, with a bake temperature of 150 to 200°C and a bake time of 1 to 4 hours.

[0129] Furthermore, in several examples, a viscosity modifier is dispersed in the resin 811, and the viscosity modifier includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and butanone, and is used to reduce the viscosity of the resin 811, making it easier for the resin 811 to penetrate and permeate the fibers, and easier to produce and process into a uniform product. Reducing the viscosity of the resin 811 contributes to the addition of filler 842, which is a functional material such as silicon-containing particles or chopped fibers. The amount of viscosity modifier used is 1 to 10% of the volume of the resin 811, for example, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 10%. If the amount of viscosity modifier used is less than 1%, the viscosity of the resin 811 is high and the fluidity is low, making it difficult to form a product of uniform thickness. If the amount of viscosity modifier used is higher than 10%, the viscosity of the resin 811 is low and the fluidity is high, and during the processing and molding of the composition, the solvent of the resin 811 volatilizes, forming air bubble defects in the product. Furthermore, in some embodiments, when it is necessary to increase the viscosity of the resin 811, a means of heating the resin 811 before it is compounded with the fiber matrix 810 is usually employed to volatilize the solvent in the resin 811.

[0130] In some examples, a curing agent may be dispersed in the resin 811, which can effectively shorten the curing time of the resin 811 and contribute to large-scale or batch production of the heat-resistant protective material 8. For example, the curing agent used for phenolic resin is urotropin, and the amount of urotropin used is 2.5-3% of the mass of the phenolic resin. The curing agent used for furfuralacetone resin is a phosphate curing agent, and the amount of phosphate curing agent used is 6-7% of the mass of the furfuralacetone resin. In some other examples, no curing agent is used for benzoxazine resin, furan resin, or polyurea.

[0131] Selectively, in some embodiments, the resin 811 may further contain a flame retardant to prevent the combustion of the heat-resistant protective material 8, the flame retardant may include one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and DOPO. The amount of flame retardant used is 5 to 40% of the mass of the resin 811, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40%.

[0132] In some embodiments, a phase change material is dispersed in the resin 811, with the amount of phase change material used being 5% to 20% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%. The phase change material can absorb heat and provide resistance to thermal shock, and can reduce heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface. Specifically, the phase change material can be a hydrated salt component such as sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4·10H2O), calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O), or magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O).

[0133] In some embodiments, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further comprises a ceramic precursor. Under the action of thermal shock, the ceramic precursor can produce ceramic materials such as SiCN and / or SiCNO, thereby increasing the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8. The ceramic precursor may include one or more of polysilazane resin, polyborosilazane resin, and polycarbosilane resin. While the ceramic precursor reduces the flexural strength of the heat-resistant protective material at room temperature, it does not reduce the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8 by reacting at high temperatures to produce ceramic materials. In one embodiment, the ratio of the volume of the ceramic precursor to the sum of the volumes of the ceramic precursor and the resin 811 is less than 50%, or the ratio of the mass of the ceramic precursor to the sum of the masses of the ceramic precursor and the resin 811 is less than 50%, thereby ensuring that the heat-resistant protective material has excellent bending strength at room temperature, while controlling the cost of the heat-resistant protective material 8, improving the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8, and maintaining the competitive advantage of the heat-resistant protective material 8 in the market.

[0134] The means of adding the ceramic precursor to the heat-resistant protective material 8 are not limited. The ceramic precursor and the resin 811 may be dispersed together in the voids between the fiber matrix 810, and / or the upper and lower surfaces of the fiber matrix 810 may be covered with them. Alternatively, the ceramic precursor may be provided directly on the surface of the fiber resin composite layer 81, or it may be provided laminated with the fiber resin composite layer 81 after the ceramic precursor and fiber matrix 810 have been composited.

[0135] In some embodiments, the fiber matrix 810 may include a first fiber matrix and a second fiber matrix, the resin 811 may be dispersed in the voids of the first fiber matrix and / or cover two opposing surfaces of the first fiber matrix to form a first composite layer, the ceramic precursor may be dispersed in the voids of the second fiber matrix and / or cover two opposing surfaces of the second fiber matrix to form a second composite layer, and the first and second composite layers may be laminated to form a laminated structure. In one specific embodiment, two first composite layers may sandwich at least one second composite layer to form a laminated structure. In another specific embodiment, two second composite layers may sandwich at least one first composite layer to form a laminated structure. In yet another specific embodiment, a plurality of first composite layers and a plurality of second composite layers may be laminated alternately.

[0136] In some embodiments, a mixture of resin 811 and ceramic precursor slurry is dispersed within the voids of the fiber matrix 810 and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the fiber matrix 810 by immersion and curing. For example, polysilazane is used as the ceramic precursor slurry, and resin 811 and polysilazane are mixed. A fiber cloth is used and immersed in the mixture of resin 811 and polysilazane. The curing conditions are as follows: first, it is molded at 50-80°C for 20-40 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 130-150°C and maintained for 20-40 minutes, and then it is placed in an oven and maintained at 150-180°C for 1-2 hours until completely cured. In some other embodiments, the ceramic precursor is applied in the form of a slurry to one surface of the composite layer, or to two opposing surfaces of the composite layer.

[0137] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 16, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further comprises a filler 842, the filler 842 may include one or more of a silicone-containing filler, a high-temperature adhesive, a lubricant, and a heat-reflective filler.

[0138] The silicone-containing filler may be applied to the surface of the composite layer or embedded in the resin 811. For example, the silicone-containing filler may be sprayed onto the surface of the composite layer, and then embedded in the resin 811 by hot pressing. For example, the hot pressing temperature may be set to 120°C to 160°C, the hot pressing time to 20 min to 40 min, and then baked at 130°C to 180°C for 1 to 3 hours after hot pressing. Alternatively, the silicone-containing filler may be dispersed in the resin 811 and impregnated with the resin in which the silicone-containing filler is dispersed. The amount of silicone-containing filler used is 40 to 70% of the volume of the composite layer. Typically, at 1200°C, the silicone-containing filler can begin to melt at high temperatures and absorb a large amount of heat through vaporization. The silicon-containing filler begins to melt and react with the carbon layer formed by the resin 811 to produce solid silicon carbide. This solid silicon carbide can resist high-temperature erosion, high-temperature shear, and tension or compression, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and preventing it from being breached.

[0139] In some embodiments, the silicon-containing filler comprises one or more combinations of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic fine powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc. The quartz powder comprises silica fine powder. In one specific embodiment, the silicon-containing filler comprises silica aerogel powder and mica powder, with a mass ratio of silica aerogel powder to mica powder of 1:3 to 1:1. Silica aerogel is a porous material having mesoporosity and extremely low thermal conductivity. When the heat-resistant protective material 8 is subjected to thermal shock, the temperature of the heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 rises rapidly, forming a steep temperature gradient. Silica aerogel can delay heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8. Silica aerogel powder is prone to shrinkage of its pore structure at high temperatures of 800°C to 1000°C, which weakens the heat transfer delay effect from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8. By using a combination of mica powder and silica aerogel, mica possesses excellent heat resistance and heat insulation properties. While mica becomes brittle at 800°C to 1000°C, its structure remains intact, and it can still maintain its heat insulation performance. At 1050°C to 1100°C, the mica structure is destroyed. When the temperature of the heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 rises to 1200°C, the silicon begins to melt and reacts with the resin carbon layer to form porous solid silicon carbide, which resists thermal shock and reduces heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface. This process absorbs heat and removes a large amount of heat, further enhancing resistance to thermal shock.

[0140] In several other embodiments, the silicon-containing filler includes silica and aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide can enhance the temperature resistance of the silica, and under the high-temperature effect of thermal shock, the silica can react with the carbonized layer of the resin to form silicon carbide. The amount of silica used is 50-80 wt% of the silicon-containing filler, and the amount of aluminum oxide used is 10-30 wt% of the silicon-containing filler.

[0141] In some embodiments, the filler 842 is a high-temperature adhesive, i.e., the heat-resistant protective material 8 further contains a high-temperature adhesive, which has a low melting point and helps the silicon-containing filler melt or vaporize, forming a carbon layer and solid silicon carbide formed by the carbonization of the resin 811. The amount of high-temperature adhesive used is 40-70% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810, and the high-temperature adhesive includes one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and aluminum silicon powder. Talc may also be used as a lubricant, which helps in the molding of the composition. In some embodiments, the high-temperature adhesive is applied to the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in the resin 811. For example, the high-temperature adhesive is first sprayed onto the surface of the composite layer, then embedded in the resin 811 by hot pressing, or the high-temperature adhesive is dispersed in the resin 811, and the fiber matrix 810 is impregnated with the resin 811 containing the dispersed high-temperature adhesive.

[0142] In examples containing a silicon-containing filler, filler 842 further contains a high-temperature adhesive. That is, the heat-resistant protective material 8 contains a silicon-containing filler and a high-temperature adhesive, and the amount of high-temperature adhesive used is 10 wt% to 40 wt% of the silicon-containing filler, for example, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, or 40 wt%. The high-temperature adhesive contains one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and aluminum silicon powder, and it should be noted that the material of the high-temperature adhesive is different from the material of the silicon-containing filler. In some examples, the high-temperature adhesive is applied to the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in resin 811. For example, first, a silicone-containing filler and a high-temperature adhesive are mixed and sprayed onto the surface of the composite layer, or they are sprayed sequentially, and then the silicone-containing filler and high-temperature adhesive are embedded in the resin 811 by hot pressing. For example, the hot pressing temperature is set to 120°C to 160°C, the hot pressing time to 20 min to 40 min, and after hot pressing, it is baked at 130°C to 180°C for 1 to 3 hours. Alternatively, the silicone-containing filler and high-temperature adhesive are dispersed together in the resin 811, and the fiber matrix 810 is impregnated with the resin 811 in which the silicone-containing filler and high-temperature adhesive are dispersed.

[0143] In some embodiments, the filler 842 further comprises a lubricant, i.e., the heat-resistant protective material 8 further comprises a lubricant for more favorably molding the composition. The lubricant comprises one or more combinations of polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, and paraffin wax, and can increase the lubricity of the fiber matrix 810 and filler 842 in the resin 811, and is used for more favorably molding the composition. For example, the heat-resistant protective material 8 comprises a silicone-containing filler and a lubricant, the amount of lubricant used being 10 to 40 wt% of the silicone-containing filler, for example, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, or 40 wt%.

[0144] Selectively, in some embodiments, filler 842 is a heat-reflective filler, i.e., the heat-resistant protective material 8 further contains a heat-reflective filler, and the amount of heat-reflective filler used is 0-5 wt% of the heat-resistant protective material 8. In some other embodiments, for example, filler 842 contains a silicon-containing filler and a heat-reflective filler, i.e., the heat-resistant protective material 8 contains a silicon-containing filler and a heat-reflective filler, and the amount of heat-reflective filler used is 5-30 wt% of the silicon-containing filler. The heat-reflective filler may be coated on the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in the resin 811, and a specific form in which a silicon-containing filler or a high-temperature fuser is added can be referenced. Heat-reflective fillers generally have the characteristic of having a high melting point and can reduce heat transfer. The heat-reflective filler includes one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium, and can be specifically selected according to the needs.

[0145] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further comprises a colorant, which is used to adjust the appearance of the heat-resistant protective material 8 to ensure consistency in appearance. The colorant includes one or more of carbon black, titanium white, iron black, oil-based color concentrate, and transition metal colored ion oxides. The transition metal may be one or more of iron, chromium, copper, and nickel.

[0146] In some specific embodiments, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further includes a getter, which is provided on the surface of the composite layer 81 to form a getter layer 82, as shown in Figure 17, or is embedded in the resin 811 to absorb flammable gas ejected from the cell's pressure reducing valve and delay thermal runaway of the battery. The amount of getter used is 0 to 10 wt% of the heat-resistant protective material 8. The getter may be one or more of carbon molecular sieves, zeolite sieves, graphene, talc, and alumina.

[0147] Furthermore, the getter layer 82 is provided on the heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and is used to absorb flammable gas ejected from the cell's pressure reducing valve and to delay thermal runaway of the battery. The getter layer 82 includes a case and getters within the case. For example, the case of the getter layer 82 is covered with a fiber-resin composite layer.

[0148] Selectively, in several embodiments, referring to Figure 18, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further includes an insulating layer 83, and the insulating layer 83 and the fiber-resin composite layer 81 are laminated. In one specific embodiment, the insulating layer 83 is provided on the non-heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and is used to block the transfer of the heat-receiving surface temperature of the heat-resistant protective material 8 to the non-heat-receiving surface temperature. The insulating layer 83 includes an aerogel coating or an aerogel felt, the aerogel coating saves more space, and the aerogel felt can be more securely attached to the composite layer.

[0149] Specifically, the aerogel coating is formed by applying and then drying an aerogel slurry, the aerogel slurry containing 10-50 parts aerogel powder, 20-50 parts adhesive, 1-5 parts dispersant, 50-80 parts solvent, and 1-5 parts film-forming aid. The aerogel powder provides thermal insulation for the aerogel coating, the adhesive provides viscosity for the slurry and ensures film formation after the final coating dries, the dispersant is used to disperse the aerogel powder and prevent aggregation, the solvent is used to adjust the viscosity of the slurry and facilitate the dispersion of the aerogel powder, and the film-forming aid is used to aid in the drying and film formation of the adhesive and to prevent the aerogel powder from falling off in the aerogel coating.

[0150] Furthermore, the adhesive is one or more of silica sol, aluminum sol, sodium water glass, polyurethane, epoxy resin, acrylic emulsion, latex powder, modified starch, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone; the dispersant is one or more of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium hexametaphosphate, stearamide, sorbeth tetraoleate, cellulose, and polyethylene glycol; and the film-forming aid is one or more of benzyl alcohol, butoxyethanol, propylene glycol phenyl ether, and alcohol ester-12.

[0151] Referring to Figure 19, several embodiments of the present application provide a heat-resistant protective material 8, the heat-resistant protective material 8 comprising a functional layer 84. The functional layer 84 comprises a first resin 841 and a filler 842 dispersed within the first resin 841. The first resin 841 and the filler 842 are uniformly mixed to form a composition, and then the composition is cured to form the functional layer 84. That is, the functional layer 84 is a composite layer of resin and filler 842.

[0152] In some embodiments, the mass content of carbon in the first resin 841 is greater than 40%, preferably greater than 50%. When subjected to thermal shock, the first resin 841 can carbonize and absorb heat, forming a carbon layer that resists thermal penetration. The first resin 841 may include one or more combinations of phenolic resins, benzoxazine resins, furan resins, polyureas, and phenol-modified epoxy resins.

[0153] In some examples, the first viscosity modifier is dispersed in the first resin 841. The viscosity modifier can reduce the viscosity of the high-viscosity resin, making it easier for the resin to penetrate and permeate the fibers, and for uniform products to be produced and processed. Reducing the viscosity of the first resin 841 contributes to the addition of filler 842, which is a functional material such as silicon-containing particles or chopped fibers. The amount of the first viscosity modifier used is 1 to 10% of the volume of the first resin 841. If the amount of the first viscosity modifier used is less than 1% of the volume of the first resin 841, the viscosity of the first resin 841 is high and the fluidity is low, making it difficult to form a product with uniform thickness. If the amount of the first viscosity modifier used is greater than 10% of the volume of the first resin 841, the viscosity is low and the fluidity is high, and the solvent of the first resin 841 volatilizes during the processing and molding of the composition, causing air bubble defects to form in the product. Furthermore, the first viscosity modifier comprises one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and butanone, and is used to reduce the viscosity of the first resin 841.

[0154] In some examples, the first curing agent is selectively dispersed in the first resin 841. The first curing agent can effectively shorten the curing time of the first resin 841, contributing to large-scale and batch production of the heat-resistant protective material 8. For phenolic resins, urotropin is used as the first curing agent, with the amount of urotropin used being 2.5-3% of the mass of the phenolic resin. For furfuralacetone resins, a phosphoric acid curing agent is used as the first curing agent, with the amount of phosphoric acid curing agent used being 6-7% of the mass of the furfuralacetone resin. Note that no curing agent is used for benzoxazine resins, furan resins, or polyureas.

[0155] In several examples, the first flame retardant is selectively dispersed in the first resin 841, and the amount of the first flame retardant used is 5-40% of the mass of the first resin 841. One or more of the following flame retardants are used: ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO).

[0156] In some examples, the filler 842 is chopped fiber, and the volume percentage of the chopped fiber in the functional layer 84 is 50-80%. The chopped fiber includes one or more of the following: carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, boron-carbon fiber, and carbon nanotubes.

[0157] In some other embodiments, filler 842 is a first heat-reflective filler, the volume percentage of the first heat-reflective filler in the functional layer 84 is 45-75%, and the first heat-reflective filler comprises one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.

[0158] In some other embodiments, the filler 842 comprises a first silicone-containing filler, and the weight ratio of the first resin 841 to the first silicone-containing filler is 1:3 to 1:1. Typically, the silicone-containing filler begins to melt at a high temperature of 1200°C, and after the silicone-containing filler melts at high temperature, the overall integrity of the heat-resistant protective material 8 can be increased, and the flame impact strength can be enhanced. The melting and vaporization of the silicone-containing filler can absorb a large amount of heat, and the silicone-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer formed by the resin to produce solid silicon carbide. Solid silicon carbide can resist high-temperature erosion, high-temperature shear, and tension or compression, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and preventing it from being breached.

[0159] In one specific embodiment, filler 842 comprises chopped fibers and a first silicon-containing filler. The chopped fibers include one or more of the following: carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron-carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes. The amount of chopped fibers used is 0 to 15 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, and the chopped fibers have a length of 0.05 to 30 mm and a diameter of 1 to 15 μm.

[0160] Selectively, in several embodiments, the first silicon-containing filler comprises one or more combinations of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic fine powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc. In one specific embodiment, the main components of the ceramic fine powder are silicon oxide and alumina, where the alumina enhances the temperature resistance of the ceramic fine powder, and under the high-temperature effect of thermal shock, the silica reacts with the carbonized layer of the resin to form silicon carbide.

[0161] In several other embodiments, the first silicon-containing filler comprises silica aerogel powder and mica powder, with a mass ratio of 1:3 to 1:1. Due to the effect of thermal shock, the temperature of the heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 rises rapidly, forming a steep temperature gradient. Silica aerogel is a porous material with mesoporous properties and extremely low thermal conductivity, and therefore silica aerogel can delay heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8. At high temperatures of 800°C to 1000°C, the pore structure of silica aerogel is prone to shrinkage, weakening the effect of delaying heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8. When mica and silica aerogel are used in combination, mica has excellent heat resistance and heat insulation properties. Although mica becomes brittle at 800°C to 1000°C, its structure is not destroyed and it can still maintain its heat insulation performance. At 1050°C to 1100°C, the mica structure is destroyed. When the temperature of the heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 rises to 1200°C, the silicon in the first silicon-containing filler reacts with the resin carbon layer to form porous solid silicon carbide, which resists thermal shock and reduces heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface. This process absorbs heat and removes a large amount of heat, further resisting thermal shock.

[0162] Selectively, in several other embodiments, the first silicon-containing filler comprises silica and aluminum oxide, with the amount of silica being 50-80 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler and the amount of aluminum oxide being 10-30 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.

[0163] Selectively, in some embodiments, filler 842 comprises a first silicon-containing filler and a first high-temperature adhesive, the amount of the first high-temperature adhesive used being 10 wt% to 40 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler. The material of the first high-temperature adhesive is different from the material of the first silicon-containing filler. The first high-temperature adhesive has a low melting point and helps the first silicon-containing filler to melt or vaporize, forming a carbon layer and solid silicon carbide formed by the carbonization of the resin. The first high-temperature adhesive comprises one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and aluminum silicon powder.

[0164] In some examples, the filler 842 selectively comprises a first silicone-containing filler and a first lubricant, the first lubricant being useful for molding the composition. The amount of the first lubricant used is 10-40 wt% of the first silicone-containing filler. The first lubricant comprises one or more of the following: polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, and talc. Polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, and paraffin wax can increase the lubricity of the filler 842 in the resin and be useful for molding the composition, but they can also reduce the softening point of the composition and further reduce the heat resistance of the heat-resistant protective material 8. Therefore, the content of the first lubricant should not be too high.

[0165] Selectively, in some embodiments, filler 842 comprises a first silicon-containing filler and a first heat-reflective filler, the first heat-reflective filler having a high melting point and capable of reducing heat transfer. The amount of the first heat-reflective filler used is 0 to 5 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler. The first heat-reflective filler comprises one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.

[0166] In some embodiments, the functional layer 84 further comprises a first ceramic precursor. The first ceramic precursor comprises one or more of polysilazane resin, polyborosilazane resin, and polycarbosilane resin. Through the action of thermal shock, the polysilazane resin and polyborosilazane resin can produce ceramic materials such as SiCN and SiCNO, which can increase the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8. The first ceramic precursor may be mixed with the first resin 841 and filler 842 and then cured to form the functional layer, or it may be applied to the surface of the composite layer of the first resin 841 and filler 842. The ceramic precursor reduces the flexural strength of the heat-resistant protective material at room temperature, while the ceramic precursor reacts at high temperatures to produce ceramic materials, which does not reduce the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8. In one embodiment, the ratio of the volume of the first ceramic precursor to the sum of the volumes of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin 841 is less than 50%, or the ratio of the mass of the first ceramic precursor to the sum of the masses of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin 841 is less than 50%, thereby ensuring that the heat-resistant protective material has excellent flexural strength at room temperature, while controlling the cost of the heat-resistant protective material 8, improving the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8, and maintaining the market competitive advantage of the heat-resistant protective material 8.

[0167] Furthermore, in some embodiments, referring to Figures 20 and 21, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further includes a reinforcing layer 85 laminated with the functional layer 84. The first resin 841 of the functional layer 84 penetrates into the reinforcing layer 85 by the action of hot pressing, adheres to the reinforcing layer 85, hardens and composites with it, and the reinforcing layer 85 is used to reinforce the room-temperature mechanical properties of the functional layer 84.

[0168] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 20, the reinforcing layer 85 is a fiber matrix 810, that is, a pure fiber matrix 810 is used as the reinforcing layer 85. Furthermore, the fiber matrix 810 and the functional layer 84 can be laminated together, and the first resin 841 in the functional layer 84 partially penetrates into the fiber matrix 810 by hot pressing. Since the depth to which the first resin 841 penetrates is limited by the hot pressing method, it is preferable that the thickness of the pure fiber matrix 810 is not too large. In one embodiment, the thickness range of the pure fiber matrix 810 is <0.2 mm, and during the hot pressing process, the first resin 841 in the functional layer 84 can permeate the entire pure fiber matrix 810.

[0169] The fiber matrix 810 includes a fiber cloth and / or fiber felt, and the fibers of the fiber matrix 810 include one or more of the following: carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron-carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes. The fiber cloth and / or fiber felt are used to reinforce the room-temperature mechanical properties of the functional layer 84. The fiber cloth is one or more of the following: fiber twill, fiber satin, fiber uniaxial, and fiber polyaxial. In fiber twill, the warp and weft threads intertwine at least once every two threads, altering the structure of the fabric by adding points of intersection between the warp and weft threads. In fiber satin, the warp or weft threads form several individual, unconnected warp or weft structure points in the fabric, and the surface of the fabric is almost entirely covered with warp or weft threads, giving the appearance of diagonal lines on the surface, but not as pronounced as in twill. Rather than having a specific characteristic, uniaxial textiles have fewer entanglements between warp and weft threads, resulting in a smoother and brighter appearance and a softer fabric. Uniaxial textiles have yarns inserted in the transverse or longitudinal direction of the fabric, possessing high fiber continuity and linearity, and are typical anisotropic materials with good curl properties along the direction perpendicular to the yarn. Multiaxial textiles include warp threads, interlining threads, and braiding threads, with no entanglement between warp and weft threads, forming two parallel yarn layers that can be arranged perpendicular to each other and further bound by braiding threads. Because the functional layer 84 has no fibers or only chopped fibers, heat-resistant protective material 8 manufactured with a large functional layer 84 may crack or break when transported at room temperature and in thermal shock environments. The reinforcing layer 85 strengthens the mechanical properties of the functional layer 84 and enhances the room temperature mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of the heat-resistant protective material 8. Furthermore, when using the heat-resistant protective material 8, the reinforcing layer 85 is used as a heat-receiving surface, and the reinforcing layer 85 absorbs heat through ablation due to the effect of thermal shock, providing the functional layer 84 with resistance to thermal shock.

[0170] When only the functional layer 84, i.e., the composite layer of the first resin 841 and filler 842, is present, the impact resistance of the formed heat-resistant protective material 8 is low, and it is understood that it can be used in small battery cells. When the heat-resistant protective material 8 is formed after laminating the functional layer 84 and the reinforcing layer 85, it has high thermal shock resistance and can be used in large battery cells. Specifically, the choice can be made according to the actual needs.

[0171] Selectively, in several other embodiments, referring to Figure 21, the reinforcing layer 85 comprises a fiber matrix 810 and a second resin 850, wherein the second resin 850 is dispersed in the voids of the fiber matrix 810 and / or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810 to form a composite layer, and the volume ratio of the fiber matrix 810 in the reinforcing layer 85 is 50% to 75%. That is, the fiber resin composite layer 81 provided in the above embodiments is used for the reinforcing layer 85. Furthermore, the number of layers of fiber cloth and / or fiber felt in the fiber matrix 810 may be one, two, or more layers, and two or more layers of fiber cloth and / or fiber felt are laminated and then bonded and cured with the second resin 850. The second resin 850 comprises one or more combinations of phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, furan resin, polyurea, and phenol-modified epoxy resin, and the mass content of carbon in the second resin 850 is greater than 40%. By combining a reinforcing layer 85 containing a second resin 850 with a functional layer 84 containing a first resin 841, the resins in the reinforcing layer 85 and functional layer 84 are distributed more uniformly and sufficiently, allowing the reinforcing layer 85, into which the second resin 850 is immersed, to be used as a heat receiving surface. The second resin 850 absorbs heat and carbonizes, resisting heat penetration and protecting the functional layer 84.

[0172] Furthermore, the ratio of the thicknesses of the functional layer 84 to the reinforcing layer 85 is (8-10):(1-4), and the reinforcing layer 85 can be ablated as a heat-receiving surface to protect the functional layer 84, while the functional layer 84 provides the main impact resistance to the heat-resistant protective material 8. Moreover, the heat-resistant protective material 8 includes two layers of reinforcing layers 85, namely a first reinforcing layer and a second reinforcing layer, which are provided on opposite sides of the functional layer 84 to form a sandwich-like structure, and the ratio of the thicknesses of the first reinforcing layer, functional layer 84 and the second reinforcing layer is (1-2):(8-10):(1-2), which enhances the symmetry of the mechanical properties on opposite sides of the heat-resistant protective material 8, and the heat-resistant protective material 8 absorbs heat by undergoing carbon ablation on the heat-receiving surface of the first reinforcing layer due to the action of thermal shock, while the second reinforcing layer on the non-heat-receiving surface maintains the structural integrity of the functional layer 84.

[0173] Selectively, in some embodiments, a second viscosity modifier is dispersed in the second resin 850, and the amount of the second viscosity modifier used is 1 to 10% of the volume of the second resin 850. Selectively, in some embodiments, a second curing agent is dispersed in the second resin 850. Selectively, in some embodiments, a second flame retardant is dispersed in the second resin 850, and the amount of the second flame retardant used is 5 to 40% of the mass of the second resin 850. The second viscosity modifier, the second curing agent, and the second flame retardant are similar in material and / or components to the first viscosity modifier, the first curing agent, and the first flame retardant in the above embodiments, respectively, and can be specifically referred to in the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0174] In some examples, the phase change material is further dispersed in the second resin 850, with the amount of phase change material used being 5% to 20% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810. The phase change material can absorb heat and provide resistance to thermal shock, and can reduce heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface. Due to the action of thermal shock, the phase change material is thermally decomposed, generating bubbles between the functional layer 84 and the reinforcing layer 85 and within the functional layer 84, significantly accelerating the ablation of the functional layer 84 and affecting the thermal shock resistance performance of the heat-resistant protective material 8. To avoid this, the phase change material is added and used only within the reinforcing layer 85. Furthermore, the phase change material employs a hydrated salt component.

[0175] Selectively, in some embodiments, the reinforcing layer 85 further comprises a second ceramic precursor. The second ceramic precursor comprises one or more of polysilazane resin 811, polyborosilazane resin 811, and polycarbosilane resin 811. Through the action of thermal shock, ceramic materials such as SiCN and SiCNO can be produced, which can increase the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8. In some embodiments, a mixture of the second resin 850 and the second ceramic precursor is dispersed in the voids of the fiber matrix 810 and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the fiber matrix 810. Selectively, in some other embodiments, the second ceramic precursor is coated on one surface of the fiber-resin composite layer or on two opposing surfaces of the fiber-resin composite layer. The ceramic precursor reduces the flexural strength of the heat-resistant protective material at room temperature, while the ceramic precursor reacts at high temperatures to produce ceramic materials, which does not reduce the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8. In one embodiment, the ratio of the volume of the second ceramic precursor to the sum of the volumes of the second ceramic precursor and the second resin 850 is less than 50%, or the ratio of the mass of the second ceramic precursor to the sum of the masses of the second ceramic precursor and the second resin 850 is less than 50%, thereby ensuring that the heat-resistant protective material has excellent flexural strength at room temperature, while controlling the cost of the heat-resistant protective material 8, improving the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8, and maintaining the competitive advantage of the heat-resistant protective material 8 in the market.

[0176] Selectively, in several embodiments, the fiber matrix 810 comprises a first fiber matrix and a second fiber matrix, the second resin 850 is dispersed in the voids of the first fiber matrix and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the first fiber matrix to form a first composite layer, and the second ceramic precursor is dispersed in the voids of the second fiber matrix and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the second fiber matrix to form a second composite layer. In one specific embodiment, the first composite layer and the second composite layer are laminated to form a laminated structure. In another specific embodiment, two first composite layers sandwich at least one second composite layer to form a laminated structure. Selectively, in another specific embodiment, two second composite layers sandwich at least one first composite layer to form a laminated structure. In another specific embodiment, a plurality of first composite layers and a plurality of second composite layers are laminated alternately.

[0177] Selectively, in some embodiments, referring to Figure 22, the reinforcing layer 85 comprises a fiber matrix 810, a second resin 850, and a filler 842, wherein the filler 842 comprises one or more of a second silicone-containing filler, a second high-temperature adhesive, a second lubricant, and a second heat-reflective filler.

[0178] In some embodiments, filler 842 is a second silicon-containing filler, which accounts for 40-70% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810. The second silicon-containing filler may be coated onto the surface of the fiber resin composite layer 81 or embedded in the second resin 850. The second silicon-containing filler includes one or more combinations of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic fine powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc. In one specific embodiment, the second silicon-containing filler includes silica aerogel powder and mica powder, with a mass ratio of 1:3 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the second silicon-containing filler includes silica and aluminum oxide, with silica accounting for 50-80 wt% of the second silicon-containing filler and aluminum oxide accounting for 10-30 wt% of the second silicon-containing filler. The second silicone-containing filler is applied to the surface of the composite layer or embedded in the second resin 850.

[0179] Selectively, in some embodiments, filler 842 comprises a second silicon-containing filler and a second high-temperature adhesive, i.e., reinforcement layer 85 comprises a second silicon-containing filler and a second high-temperature adhesive, with the amount of the second high-temperature adhesive being 10 wt% to 40 wt% of the second silicon-containing filler. The second high-temperature adhesive comprises one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and aluminum silicon powder, and the material of the second high-temperature adhesive is different from the material of the second silicon-containing filler.

[0180] Selectively, in some embodiments, the reinforcing layer 85 comprises a second silicone-containing filler and a second lubricant, wherein the amount of the second lubricant used is 10 to 40 wt% of the second silicone-containing filler. The second lubricant comprises one or more combinations of polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, and paraffin wax.

[0181] Selectively, in some embodiments, filler 842 comprises a second silicon-containing filler and a second heat-reflective filler, i.e., reinforcement layer 85 comprises a second silicon-containing filler and a second heat-reflective filler, where the second heat-reflective filler is 5 to 30 wt% of the second silicon-containing filler. The second heat-reflective filler comprises one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.

[0182] In some examples, the reinforcing layer 85 comprises a fiber matrix 810, a second resin 850, and a colorant, the colorant comprising one or more of carbon black, titanium white, iron black, oily color concentrate, and transition metal colored ion oxides.

[0183] Selectively, in some embodiments, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further includes a getter, which is filled within the functional layer 84 and / or the reinforcing layer 85, or the getter is provided between the functional layer 84 and the reinforcing layer 85 to form a getter layer 82. The getter is filled as a filler 842 within the functional layer 84 and / or the reinforcing layer 85 of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and is used to absorb flammable gases ejected from the cell's pressure reducing valve and to delay thermal runaway of the battery. The getter is one or more of carbon molecular sieves, zeolite sieves, graphene, talc, and alumina. In some embodiments, referring to Figure 23, the getter layer 82 is provided on the side of the reinforcing layer 85 away from the functional layer 84, and the getter layer 82 includes the case and the getter within the case.

[0184] Selectively, in some embodiments, referring to Figure 24, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further includes an insulating layer 83, which is provided on the side of the functional layer 84 away from the reinforcing layer 85 and is used to block the transfer of the heat-receiving surface temperature of the heat-resistant protective material 8 to the non-heat-receiving surface temperature. The insulating layer 83 includes an aerogel coating or an aerogel felt. The aerogel coating saves more space, and the aerogel felt can be provided more firmly on the composite layer. Specifically, the aerogel coating is formed by painting an aerogel slurry and then drying it, refer to the aerogel coating described above for details.

[0185] Referring to Figures 25 and 26, some embodiments of the present application provide a heat-resistant protective material 8 which includes a reinforcing layer 85, a functional layer 84, and a reinforcing layer 86 provided in order from a heat-receiving surface to a non-heat-receiving surface, wherein the functional layer 84 includes a first resin 841 and a filler 842 dispersed within the first resin 841, and both the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcing layer 86 include a fiber matrix 810.

[0186] The functional layer 84 is provided between the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcing layer 86. In some embodiments, referring to Figure 25, both the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcing layer 86 consist solely of a fiber matrix 810; that is, both the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcing layer 86 are pure fiber matrix 810. The functional layer 84 is bonded to the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcing layer 86 by the action of a first resin 841 through the action of a hot press, causing them to harden and become composite. In some other embodiments, referring to Figure 26, the reinforcing layer 85 and / or the reinforcing layer 86 consist of a fiber matrix 810 and a second resin 850; that is, the reinforcing layer 85 and / or the reinforcing layer 86 employ the fiber-resin composite layer provided in the above embodiment, and the functional layer 84 employs the resin-filler composite layer provided in the above embodiment. The first resin 841 in the functional layer 84 and the second resin 850 in the reinforcing layer 85 and / or the reinforcing layer 86 can be fused, bonded, cured, and composited by the action of hot pressing. The structure of the reinforcing layer 85 and the reinforcing layer 86 is the same, but the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 may be higher than or the same as the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85. The materials of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 and the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85 may be the same or different.

[0187] It is understood that fiber matrices 810 with high melting points are generally more expensive than fiber matrices 810 with low melting points. To control costs, in one embodiment of the present invention, fiber matrices 810 with high melting points are used only on the non-heat-receiving surface, and fiber matrices 810 with low melting points are used on the heat-receiving surface. In another embodiment of the present invention, fiber matrices 810 with high melting points may be used on both the heat-receiving and non-heat-receiving surfaces of the functional layer 84, or fiber matrices 810 with low melting points may be used. In the present invention, the fiber material of the fiber matrices 810 with low melting points includes one or more of high silica fibers, quartz fibers, glass fibers, and basalt fibers, and the fiber material of the fiber matrices 810 with high melting points includes one or more of carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, and boron-carbon fibers.

[0188] The first resin 841 is used to form a carbon layer that carbonizes and absorbs heat when subjected to thermal shock, thereby resisting thermal penetration. The mass content of carbon in the first resin 841 is greater than 40%, for example, 42%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%, and can include one or more combinations of phenol resin 811, benzoxazine resin 811, furan resin 811, polyurea, and phenol-modified epoxy resin 811, which can be specifically selected according to the needs.

[0189] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first viscosity modifier is dispersed in the first resin 841, and the first viscosity modifier is used to reduce the viscosity of the high viscosity first resin 841, making it easier for the first resin 841 to penetrate and permeate the fiber matrix 810, and to produce a uniform product that is easy to process. In embodiments of the present application, the amount of the first viscosity modifier used is 1 to 10% of the volume of the first resin 841, for example, 1%, 5%, 7%, or 10%. If the amount of the first viscosity modifier used is less than 1% of the volume of the first resin 841, the viscosity of the first resin 841 is high, the fluidity is low, and it is difficult to form a product with a uniform thickness. If the amount of the first viscosity modifier used is greater than 10% of the volume of the first resin 841, the viscosity of the first resin 841 is low, the fluidity is high, and the solvent of the first resin 841 volatilizes during the processing and molding of the composition, causing air bubble defects to form in the product. In one specific embodiment, the first viscosity modifier comprises one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and butanone in combination.

[0190] Furthermore, in several embodiments, the first curing agent is dispersed in the first resin 841, and the first curing agent can effectively shorten the curing time of the first resin 841, contributing to large-scale and batch production of the heat-resistant protective material 8. When the first resin 841 is a phenolic resin, urotropin is used as the first curing agent, and the amount of urotropin used is 2.5-3% of the mass of the phenolic resin. When the first resin 841 is a furfuralacetone resin, a phosphoric acid curing agent is used as the first curing agent, and the amount of phosphoric acid curing agent used is 6-7% of the mass of the furfuralacetone resin. In addition, when the first resin 841 is a benzoxazine resin, a furan resin, or a polyurea, no curing agent is used.

[0191] Furthermore, in several embodiments, the first flame retardant is dispersed in the first resin 841, and the amount of the first flame retardant used is 5-40% of the mass of the first resin 841, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40%. As the first flame retardant, one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and DOPO can be used. Ammonium polyphosphate absorbs heat and dehydrates under high temperature conditions to produce polyphosphate or metaphosphate, and as a strong dehydrating agent, it can dehydrate carbon-forming material in the flame retardant system to form a single-carbon layer. It expands due to the action of non-combustible gas generated from the gas source, forming an expanding carbon layer that isolates the air and blocks the fire source, thus achieving the purpose of flame retardancy. Aluminum hydroxide undergoes a strong endothermic reaction when heated, absorbing a large amount of heat and playing a role in cooling the polymer. At the same time, it decomposes and releases crystal water, and the water vapor generated by the heat absorption of crystal water can dilute flammable gases and further suppress the spread of combustion. DOPO flame retardant undergoes a strong endothermic reaction when heated, preventing the spread of combustion and further increasing the heat capacity of the polymer.

[0192] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the filler 842 is a first chopped fiber, which is dispersed within the first resin 841 to increase the strength uniformity of the functional layer 84. The volume percentage of the first chopped fiber in the functional layer 84 is 50-80%, for example, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80%. The first chopped fiber includes one or more of the following: carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, boron carbon fiber, and carbon nanotubes.

[0193] In several other embodiments, filler 842 is a first heat-reflective filler, and the volume percentage of the first heat-reflective filler in the functional layer 84 is 45-75%, for example, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, or 75%. The first heat-reflective filler comprises one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, or cerium. The first heat-reflective filler generally has a high melting point and can reduce heat transfer.

[0194] In several other embodiments, the filler 842 comprises a first silicon-containing filler, and the weight ratio of the first resin 841 to the first silicon-containing filler is 1:3 to 1:1, for example, 1:3, 1:2, 2:3, or 1:1. Typically, the first silicon-containing filler begins to melt at a high temperature of 1200°C, and a large amount of heat can be absorbed by the vaporization of the first silicon-containing filler. The first silicon-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer formed by the first resin 841 to produce solid silicon carbide, which can resist high-temperature erosion, high-temperature shear, and tension or compression, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and preventing the heat-resistant protective material 8 from being breached.

[0195] The first silicon-containing filler includes one or more combinations of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic fine powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc. The main components of the ceramic fine powder are silicon dioxide and alumina. The alumina can increase the temperature resistance of the ceramic fine powder, and under the high-temperature action of thermal shock, silica reacts with the carbonized layer of the resin to form silicon carbide.

[0196] In some specific embodiments, the first silicon-containing filler comprises silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of silica aerogel powder to mica powder is 1:3 to 1:1. When subjected to thermal shock, the temperature of the heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 rises rapidly, forming a steep temperature gradient. Silica aerogel is a porous material having mesoporous properties and extremely low thermal conductivity. Silica aerogel can delay heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8. Furthermore, silica aerogel is prone to shrinkage of its pore structure under high-temperature conditions of 800°C to 1000°C, weakening the effect of delaying heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8. Mica has excellent heat resistance and heat insulation properties, and can maintain its heat insulation performance at 800°C to 1000°C. After the temperature of the heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 rises to 1200°C, the silicon in the first silicon-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer of the first resin 841 to form porous solid silicon carbide, which resists thermal shock and reduces heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface. This process absorbs heat and removes a large amount of heat, further enhancing resistance to thermal shock.

[0197] In another specific embodiment, the first silicon-containing filler comprises silica and aluminum oxide, the amount of silica used being 50-80 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, for example 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, 75 wt%, or 80 wt%, and the amount of aluminum oxide used being 10-30 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, for example 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, or 30 wt%. When subjected to high-temperature thermal shock, the silica reacts with the carbonized carbon layer of the first resin 841 to form silicon carbide, and the aluminum oxide can enhance temperature resistance.

[0198] Furthermore, in some embodiments, filler 842 comprises a first silicon-containing filler and a first high-temperature adhesive, with the amount of the first high-temperature adhesive being 10 wt% to 40 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler. The first high-temperature adhesive comprises one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and aluminum silicon powder. The material of the first high-temperature adhesive differs from the material of the first silicon-containing filler, as the first high-temperature adhesive helps to form a carbon layer and solid silicon carbide formed by the melting or vaporization of the first silicon-containing filler and the carbonization of the first resin 841.

[0199] Furthermore, in some embodiments, filler 842 comprises a first silicone-containing filler and a first lubricant, which are used to increase the lubricity of the fiber matrix 810 and the first silicone-containing filler in the first resin 841, and are useful for molding the composition. The first lubricant comprises one or more combinations of polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, and talc, and the amount of the first lubricant used is 10 to 40 wt% of the first silicone-containing filler, for example, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, or 40 wt%. If the amount of the first lubricant used is less than 10 wt% of the first silicone-containing filler, the effect of the first lubricant is limited, and if the amount of the first lubricant used is greater than 40 wt% of the first silicone-containing filler, it reduces the softening point of the composition and further reduces the heat resistance of the heat-resistant protective material 8.

[0200] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the functional layer 84 further comprises a first ceramic precursor comprising one or more of polysilazane resin 811, polyborosilazane resin 811, and polycarbosilane resin 811, which can generate ceramic materials such as SiCN and SiCNO when subjected to thermal shock, and are used to increase the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8. The first ceramic precursor may be mixed with the first resin 841 and filler 842 and then cured to form the functional layer, or it may be applied to the surface of the composite layer of the first resin 841 and filler 842. In one embodiment, the ratio of the volume of the first ceramic precursor to the sum of the volumes of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin 841 is less than 50%, or the ratio of the mass of the first ceramic precursor to the sum of the masses of the first ceramic precursor and the first resin 841 is less than 50%, thereby ensuring that the heat-resistant protective material has excellent flexural strength at room temperature, while controlling the cost of the heat-resistant protective material 8, improving the temperature resistance and flame impact strength of the heat-resistant protective material 8, and maintaining the market competitive advantage of the heat-resistant protective material 8.

[0201] In some examples, the filler 842 comprises a first silicon-containing filler and first chopped fibers, the first chopped fibers being provided in the functional layer 84 to increase the strength uniformity of the functional layer 84. The first chopped fibers include one or more of the following: carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron-carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes. The amount of first chopped fibers used is 0 to 15 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler, and the first chopped fibers have a length of 0.05 to 30 mm and a diameter of 1 to 15 μm.

[0202] Selectively, in some embodiments, filler 842 comprises a first silicon-containing filler and a first heat-reflective filler, the first heat-reflective filler having a high melting point and being able to reduce heat transfer, and comprising one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium, and the amount of the first heat-reflective filler used is 0 to 5 wt% of the first silicon-containing filler.

[0203] The reinforcing layer 85 is used as a heat-receiving surface. The reinforcing layer 85 enhances the mechanical properties of the functional layer 84, improves the room-temperature mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of the heat-resistant protective material 8, and absorbs heat through ablation due to the action of thermal shock, providing the functional layer 84 with resistance to thermal shock. The fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85 includes one or more of high-silica fibers, quartz fibers, glass fibers, and basalt fibers. The fiber matrix 810 includes fiber cloth and / or fiber felt. The fiber cloth is one or more of fiber twill, fiber satin, fiber uniaxial, and fiber multiaxial. The fiber matrix 810 includes laminated fiber cloth and / or fiber felt.

[0204] Selectively, in some embodiments, the reinforcing layer 85 contains a second resin 850, and the fiber matrix 810 and the second resin 850 together constitute a composite layer, with the second resin 850 dispersed in the voids of the fiber matrix 810 and / or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810, the volume ratio of the fiber matrix 810 to the reinforcing layer 85 being 50% to 75%, and the mass content of carbon in the second resin 850 being greater than 40%. By compounding the reinforcing layer 85 containing the second resin 850 with the functional layer 84, the problem of uneven and insufficient immersion of the resin 811 in the reinforcing layer 85 after compounding the reinforcing layer 85 without resin 811 with the functional layer 84 can be avoided. The reinforcing layer 85 immersed in the second resin 850 is used as a heat receiving surface, and the second resin 850 absorbs heat and carbonizes, resisting heat penetration and providing protection for the functional layer 84. Furthermore, the reinforcing layer 85 includes one or more layers of fiber cloth, and the two or more layers of fiber cloth are bonded and cured by the second resin 850 after being laminated.

[0205] The second resin 850 of the reinforcing layer 85 comprises one or more combinations of phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, furan resin, polyurea, and phenol-modified epoxy resin. A second viscosity modifier is dispersed in the second resin 850, and the second viscosity modifier is used to reduce the viscosity of the high-viscosity first resin 841, making it easier for the first resin 841 to penetrate and permeate the fiber matrix 810, and to produce a uniform product that is easy to process. In the embodiments of the present application, the amount of the second viscosity modifier used is 1 to 10% of the volume of the second resin 850, for example, 1%, 5%, 7%, or 10%. If the amount of the second viscosity modifier used is less than 1% of the volume of the second resin 850, the viscosity of the second resin 850 is high, the fluidity is low, and it is difficult to form a product with uniform thickness. If the amount of the second viscosity modifier used is greater than 10% of the volume of the second resin 850, the viscosity of the second resin 850 is low, the fluidity is high, and the solvent of the second resin 850 volatilizes during the processing and molding of the composition, causing air bubble defects to form in the product. In one specific embodiment, the second viscosity modifier includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and butanone in combination.

[0206] The second curing agent is dispersed in the second resin 850 of the reinforcing layer 85. The second curing agent can effectively shorten the curing time of the first resin 841, contributing to large-scale and batch production of the heat-resistant protective material 8. When the second resin 850 is a phenolic resin 811, urotropin is used as the second curing agent, and the amount of urotropin used is 2.5-3% of the mass of the phenolic resin. When the second resin 850 is a furfuralacetone resin, a phosphoric acid curing agent is used as the second curing agent, and the amount of phosphoric acid curing agent used is 6-7% of the mass of the furfuralacetone resin. Furthermore, when the second resin 850 is a benzoxazine resin, furan resin, or polyurea, no curing agent is used.

[0207] The second flame retardant is dispersed in the second resin 850 of the reinforcing layer 85, and the amount of the second flame retardant used is 5 to 40% of the mass of the second resin 850, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40%. The amount of the second flame retardant used is 5 to 40% of the mass of the second resin 850, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40%. One or more of ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and DOPO are used as the second flame retardant.

[0208] The fiber resin composite layer of the reinforcing layer 85 further contains a second silicon-containing filler, which accounts for 40-70% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810, for example, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%. Typically, the second silicon-containing filler begins to melt at a high temperature of 1200°C, and absorbs a large amount of heat through vaporization. The second silicon-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer formed by the second resin 850 to produce solid silicon carbide. Solid silicon carbide can resist high-temperature erosion, high-temperature shear, and tension or compression, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and preventing the heat-resistant protective material 8 from being breached.

[0209] The second silicon-containing filler of the reinforcing layer 85 includes one or more combinations of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic fine powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc. The main components of the ceramic fine powder are silicon oxide and alumina. The alumina can increase the temperature resistance of the ceramic fine powder, and under the high-temperature action of thermal shock, the silica reacts with the carbonized carbon layer of resin 811 to form silicon carbide.

[0210] In some specific embodiments, the second silicon-containing filler of the reinforcing layer 85 contains silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of silica aerogel powder to mica powder is 1:3 to 1:1. When subjected to thermal shock, the temperature of the heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 rises rapidly, forming a steep temperature gradient. Silica aerogel is a porous material having mesoporous properties and extremely low thermal conductivity. Silica aerogel can delay heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8. Furthermore, silica aerogel is prone to shrinkage of its pore structure under high-temperature conditions of 800°C to 1000°C, weakening the effect of delaying heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8. Mica has excellent heat resistance and heat insulation properties, and can maintain its heat insulation performance at 800°C to 1000°C. After the temperature of the heat-receiving surface of the heat-resistant protective material 8 rises to 1200°C, the silicon in the second silicon-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer of the first resin 841 to form porous solid silicon carbide, which resists thermal shock and reduces heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface. This process absorbs heat and removes a large amount of heat, further enhancing resistance to thermal shock.

[0211] In another specific embodiment, the second silicon-containing filler of the reinforcing layer 85 contains silica and aluminum oxide, the amount of silica used is 50-80 wt% of the second silicon-containing filler, for example 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, 75 wt%, or 80 wt%, and the amount of aluminum oxide used is 10-30 wt% of the second silicon-containing filler, for example 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, or 30 wt%. When subjected to high-temperature thermal shock, the silica reacts with the carbonized carbon layer of the second resin 850 to form silicon carbide, and the aluminum oxide can enhance temperature resistance. Typically, the second silicon-containing filler begins to melt at a high temperature of 1200°C, and a large amount of heat can be absorbed by vaporization of the second silicon-containing filler. The second silicon-containing filler reacts with the carbon layer formed by the second resin 850 to produce solid silicon carbide, which can resist high-temperature erosion, high-temperature shear, and tension or compression, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and preventing it from being breached.

[0212] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the fiber resin composite layer of the reinforcing layer 85 further contains a phase change material, which is dispersed in the second resin 850. The amount of phase change material used is 5% to 20% of the volume of the fiber matrix 810. It is used to absorb heat when subjected to thermal shock and to provide resistance to thermal shock, thereby reducing heat transfer from the heat-receiving surface to the non-heat-receiving surface. Due to the action of thermal shock, the phase change material is thermally decomposed, generating bubbles between the functional layer 84 and the reinforcing layer 85 and within the functional layer 84. To avoid significantly accelerating the ablation of the functional layer 84 and affecting the thermal shock resistance performance of the heat-resistant protective material 8, the phase change material is added and used only within the reinforcing layer 85.

[0213] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the fiber resin composite layer of the reinforcing layer 85 further contains a colorant, which includes one or more of carbon black, titanium white, iron black, oily color concentrate, and transition metal colored ion oxide, and is used to adjust the appearance of the heat-resistant protective material 8 and to ensure consistency in appearance of the heat-resistant protective material 8.

[0214] In some embodiments, the reinforcing layer 86 exhibits superior heat resistance, working in conjunction with the strengthening layer 85 to achieve structural symmetry of the upper and lower surfaces of the functional layer 84, enhancing the high-temperature mechanical properties of the functional layer 84, and maintaining the structural integrity of the heat-resistant protective material 8 after thermal shock as a non-heat-receiving surface. Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the ratio of the thicknesses of the strengthening layer 85, the functional layer 84, and the reinforcing layer 86 is (1-2):(8-10):(1-2). The reinforcing layer 86 includes a fiber matrix 810, and the structure of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 is similar to that of the fiber matrix 810 of the strengthening layer 85, and can be specifically referred to in the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here. However, the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 is higher than that of the fiber matrix 810 of the strengthening layer 85. The fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 includes one or more of the following: carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, and boron-carbon fibers.

[0215] In some embodiments, the reinforcing layer 86 contains a second resin 850, and the fiber matrix 810 and the second resin 850 jointly constitute a composite layer, with the second resin 850 dispersed in the voids of the fiber matrix 810 and / or on the surface of the fiber matrix 810, the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 accounting for 50% to 75% of the volume of the reinforcing layer 86, and the mass content of carbon in the second resin 850 is greater than 40%. By compounding the reinforcing layer 86 containing the second resin 850 with the functional layer 84, the problem of uneven and insufficient immersion of the resin 811 in the functional layer 84 into the reinforcing layer 86 after compounding the reinforcing layer 86 without resin 811 with the functional layer 84 can be avoided. Furthermore, the reinforcing layer 86 contains one or more layers of fiber cloth, and the two or more layers of fiber cloth are bonded and cured with the second resin 850 after lamination.

[0216] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a second curing agent and / or a second flame retardant are dispersed in the second resin 850 of the reinforcing layer 86. The second curing agent and second flame retardant in the reinforcing layer 86 are similar to the second curing agent and second flame retardant in the reinforcing layer 85, and specific examples can be found by referring to the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0217] The composite layer further comprises a second silicon-containing filler, the second silicon-containing filler in the reinforcing layer 86 being similar to the second silicon-containing filler in the strengthening layer 85, and can be specifically described by the above examples, which will not be described in detail here.

[0218] The composite layer of the reinforcing layer 86 further contains a second chopped fiber, which is provided in the functional layer 84 and can increase the strength uniformity of the reinforcing layer 86. The amount of the second chopped fiber used is 0 to 15 wt% of the second silicon-containing filler, for example, 2 wt%, 5 wt%, 7 wt%, 10 wt%, 12 wt%, or 15 wt%. The second chopped fiber includes one or more of the following: carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos fiber, high silica fiber, boron-carbon fiber, and carbon nanotubes, and the second chopped fiber has a length of 0.05 to 30 mm and a diameter of 1 to 15 μm.

[0219] The composite layer of the reinforcing layer 86 further comprises a second high-temperature adhesive and / or a second lubricant and / or a second ceramic precursor and / or a second heat-reflective filler 842 and / or a phase-change material and / or a colorant. That is, the composite layer of the reinforcing layer 85 is substantially the same in structure as the composite layer of the reinforcing layer 86, the difference being that the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 is higher than that of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85. The second high-temperature adhesive, second lubricant, second ceramic precursor, second heat-reflective filler 842, phase-change material and colorant in the reinforcing layer 86 are similar to the second high-temperature adhesive, second lubricant, second ceramic precursor, second heat-reflective filler 842, phase-change material and colorant in the reinforcing layer 85, and specific examples can be found by referring to the above examples, which will not be described in detail here.

[0220] Selectively, in some embodiments, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further includes a getter used to absorb flammable gases ejected from the cell's pressure reducing valve and to delay thermal runaway of the battery. In some embodiments, the getter is filled within at least one of the reinforcing layer 85, the functional layer 84, and the reinforcing layer 86. In some other embodiments, the getter is provided between two adjacent layers of the reinforcing layer 85, the functional layer 84, and the reinforcing layer 86 to form a getter layer 82, or, as shown in Figure 27, the getter is provided on the side of the reinforcing layer 85 away from the functional layer 84 to form a getter layer 82. Selectively, in some embodiments, the getter includes one or more of the following: carbon molecular sieves, zeolite sieves, graphene, talc, and alumina.

[0221] Selectively, in some embodiments, with reference to Figure 28, the heat-resistant protective material 8 further includes an insulating layer 83, the insulating layer 83 being located on the side of the reinforcing layer 86 away from the functional layer 84, and used to block the transfer of the heat-receiving surface temperature of the heat-resistant protective material 8 to the non-heat-receiving surface temperature. Selectively, in some embodiments, the insulating layer 83 includes an aerogel coating or an aerogel felt.

[0222] In some embodiments, selectively, the reinforcing layer 85 covers the entire functional layer 84, and the reinforcing layer 86 includes a plurality of spaced sub-reinforcing layers 86. Since the melting point of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 86 is higher than that of the fiber matrix 810 of the reinforcing layer 85, the cost of the reinforcing layer 86 is also higher. To reduce the overall cost of the heat-resistant protective material 8, the reinforcing layer 86 is provided as a plurality of spaced sub-reinforcing layers 86, and when in use, each sub-reinforcing layer 86 is provided corresponding to a depressurization mechanism. Since the reinforcing layer 86 is provided only at positions corresponding to the depressurization mechanism, the overall cost of the heat-resistant protective material 8 can be reduced.

[0223] The heat-resistant protective material 8 provided by this application will be described below in accordance with specific examples and comparative examples.

[0224] Example 1 In this embodiment, seven layers of fiber cloth were immersed in resin and then laminated. The curing conditions were as follows: first, mold molding was performed at a mold molding temperature of 140°C for 30 minutes, then the material was placed in an oven at a bake temperature of 150°C for 2 hours. In another embodiment, the heat-resistant protective material prefabricated was first partially cured before being cured. Specifically, seven layers of fiber cloth were immersed in resin and then left to stand at 25°C until the surface dried (partially cured), or molded at 70°C for 20 minutes until the surface dried (partially cured) / dried in an oven. After that, the partially cured heat-resistant protective material prefabricated was laminated and cured. The curing conditions were as follows: first, mold molding was performed at a mold molding temperature of 150°C for 20 minutes, then the material was placed in an oven at a bake temperature of 180°C for 1 hour.

[0225] The high-silica fiber fabric and quartz fiber fabric used in this embodiment were purchased from Shaanxi Huate New Materials Co., Ltd., and the carbon fiber fabric was purchased from Shi Bang (Shanghai) Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0226] The phenolic resin used in this embodiment was purchased from Jinan Shengquan Group Co., Ltd., the benzoxazine resin from Chengdu Keyi Polymer Science and Technology Co., Ltd., the furfuralacetone resin from Shandong Yongchuang Materials Science and Technology Co., Ltd., and the epoxy resin from Guodu Chemical (Kunshan) Co., Ltd.

[0227] In this embodiment 1, thirteen samples were produced, designated as Sample 1-1 to Sample 1-13.

[0228] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 of the present application is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of Example 1, and in the present application, two comparative samples are manufactured, which are comparative sample 1-A and comparative sample 1-B.

[0229] Performance testing (1) Bending strength test The test method for the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective material adopts the national standard "GB / T 1449-2005 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Fiber Reinforced Plastics". The sample is manufactured to have a thickness of 1 mm < h ≤ 3 mm and a width of 15 ± 0.5 mm. As the test equipment, a universal mechanical testing machine is used. Specifically, the test equipment shall adopt the test equipment according to Article 5 in the national standard "GB / T 1446-2005 General Principles for Performance Test Methods of Fiber Reinforced Plastics".

[0230] (2) Impact test with a hot air flow at 1500 °C Fix the four sides of the heat-resistant protective material, apply a hot air flow of 1500 °C to the heat-resistant protective material for a duration of 30 s, and test whether the flame can penetrate it. Here, flame penetration refers to the phenomenon that a naked flame appears on the back surface of the heat-resistant protective material when the flame ablates. Since the heat-resistant protective material contains a long fiber cloth, it will not be broken through during the test, but the flame can penetrate.

[0231] The test results refer to Table 1, and the volume ratio refers to the volume ratio in the fiber matrix composite layer.

[0232]

Table 1

[0233] As can be seen from Table 1 above, when the volume ratio of the fiber matrix is less than 50%, the heat shock performance deteriorates, and the flame penetrates when shocked by a hot air flow of 1500 °C for 30 s. The bending strength of the heat-resistant protective material using uniaxial fabric is better than that of the heat-resistant protective materials with other weaving methods. In addition, the heat-resistant protective material without a fiber matrix only contains resin, but the thermal decomposition temperature of the resin is generally several hundred degrees, that is, it decomposes after several hundred degrees and cannot resist heat shock. The bending strength of the heat-resistant protective material manufactured using carbon fiber cloth is clearly better than that of high silica fiber cloth, but its production cost is relatively high.

[0234] Example 2 In this embodiment, polysilazane was used as the ceramic precursor slurry. The resin and polysilazane were mixed, and a fiber cloth was used and immersed in the resin-polysilazane mixture. For curing, first, molding was performed at 60°C for 30 minutes, then the temperature was raised to 140°C and maintained for 30 minutes, and then it was placed in an oven and maintained at 156°C for 1.5 hours until completely cured.

[0235] The polysilazane resin and polyborosilazane resin used in this embodiment were purchased from Anhui Aiyutah Silicon Oil Co., Ltd., and the resin and fiber cloth were purchased from the same manufacturer as in Example 1.

[0236] In this second embodiment, six samples were prepared, designated as Sample 2-1 to Sample 2-6.

[0237] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 of the present application is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of Example 2, and in the present application, five comparative samples are manufactured, designated as Comparative Sample 2-A to Comparative Sample 2-E.

[0238] Refer to Table 2 for test results. The proportion of ceramic precursor slurry is the ratio of the mass of ceramic precursor slurry to the sum of the masses of ceramic precursor slurry and resin.

[0239] [Table 2A]

[0240] [Table 2B]

[0241] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 above, the thermal shock resistance of the heat-resistant protective material with added ceramic precursor is enhanced, making it possible to prevent flame penetration even when subjected to a 1500°C hot airflow for 50 seconds. It can withstand thermal shock for a longer period of time compared to the heat-resistant protective material without ceramic precursor. The thermal shock resistance of the heat-resistant protective material is related to the content of ceramic precursor slurry. When the ratio of the mass of ceramic precursor slurry to the sum of the masses of ceramic precursor slurry and resin is less than 20%, flame penetration occurs when subjected to a 1500°C hot airflow for 50 seconds. Furthermore, when the ratio of the mass of ceramic precursor slurry to the sum of the masses of ceramic precursor slurry and resin is 50% or more, the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective material is reduced.

[0242] Example 3 In this embodiment, first, a fiber-resin composite semi-cured layer was manufactured using the method of Example 1. Subsequently, a silicone-containing filler was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the fiber-resin composite semi-cured layer, and then cured by hot pressing at a hot pressing temperature of 140°C for 30 minutes. During the hot pressing process, some of the silicone-containing filler was able to penetrate into the resin and fiber cloth. After that, it was baked at 150°C for 2 hours.

[0243] The silica aerogel used in this embodiment was manufactured by our company using the sol-gel method, the mica powder was purchased from Anhui Gerui New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., the ceramic fine powder, quartz powder, and white carbon black were purchased from Shanghai Huijingya Nano New Materials Co., Ltd., and the resin and fiber cloth were purchased from the same manufacturer as in Example 1.

[0244] In this embodiment 3, 15 samples were produced, designated as Sample 3-1 to Sample 3-15.

[0245] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 of the present application is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of Example 3, and in the present application, six comparative samples are manufactured, designated as Comparative Sample 3-A to Comparative Sample 3-F.

[0246] Refer to Table 3 for test results. The silicone-containing filler content refers to the volume ratio of silicone-containing filler to fiber matrix.

[0247] [Table 3A]

[0248] [Table 3B]

[0249] [Table 3C]

[0250] Example 4 In this embodiment, first, a fiber-resin composite semi-cured layer was manufactured using the method of Example 1. Subsequently, a mixture of silicone-containing filler and high-temperature adhesive (or high-temperature adhesive) was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the fiber-resin composite semi-cured layer. Then, it was cured by hot pressing at a temperature of 140°C and a hot pressing time of 30 min. During the hot pressing process, some of the silicone-containing filler and high-temperature adhesive (or high-temperature adhesive) were able to penetrate into the resin and fiber fabric. After that, it was baked at 150°C for 2 hours.

[0251] The talc, kaolin, and aluminum silicon powders used in this embodiment were purchased from Shanghai Huijingya Nano New Materials Co., Ltd., and the silicon-containing filler, resin, and fiber cloth were purchased from the same manufacturer as in Example 3.

[0252] In this Example 4, twelve samples were prepared, designated as Sample 4-1 to Sample 4-12. Silicone-containing filler and high-temperature adhesive were added to Samples 4-1 to 4-8, while only the high-temperature adhesive was added to Samples 4-9 to 4-12.

[0253] Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 4 of the present application is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of Example 4. In the present application, six comparative samples were manufactured, namely Comparative Sample 4-A to Comparative Sample 4-F respectively.

[0254] Refer to Table 4-1 and Table 4-2 for the test results.

[0255]

Table 表4-1A

[0256]

Table 表4-1B

[0257] The research shows that when the content of the high-temperature fusion agent increases, the bending strength also increases. However, when the content of the high-temperature fusion agent is greater than 40wt% as in Comparative Sample 4-B for example, the wettability of the silicon-containing filler and the high-temperature fusion agent with the resin becomes poor, and it is further found that they will be stratified. <000​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​In this embodiment, a fiber-resin composite layer was first manufactured using the method of Example 1. Subsequently, a silicone-containing filler and a lubricant were mixed and uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the fiber-resin composite layer. Then, it was cured by hot pressing at a temperature of 140°C and a hot pressing time of 30 min. During the hot pressing process, some of the silicone-containing filler was able to enter the resin and fiber cloth. After that, it was baked at 150°C for 2 hours.

[0261] The talc used in this embodiment was purchased from Shanghai Huijingya Nano New Materials Co., Ltd., the paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, and polyamide wax were purchased from Shanghai Yiba Chemical Raw Materials Co., Ltd., and the silicone-containing filler, resin, and fiber cloth were purchased from the same manufacturers as in Example 3.

[0262] In this embodiment 5, four samples were prepared, designated as Sample 5-1 to Sample 5-4.

[0263] Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 5 of the present application is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of Example 5, and in the present application, three comparative samples are manufactured, designated as Comparative Sample 5-A to Comparative Sample 5-C.

[0264] Refer to Table 5 for test results. The lubricant content in the silicone-containing filler refers to the mass ratio of lubricant to silicone-containing filler.

[0265] [Table 5A]

[0266] [Table 5B]

[0267] Studies have shown that as the lubricant content increases, the bending strength also increases. However, when the lubricant content is greater than 40 wt% as in Comparative Sample 5-B for example, it was further found that the silicon-containing filler or the lubricant has poor wettability with the resin and will become stratified.

[0268] Example 6 In this example, the resin and the silicon-containing filler are mixed according to the ratio. The silicon-containing filler can be added in multiple portions so as to be uniformly mixed, and after being uniformly mixed, it is cured. The curing conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0269] The selection and purchase of raw materials are the same as those in Example 3.

[0270] In this Example 6, 13 samples are manufactured, namely Sample 6-1 to Sample 6-13 respectively.

[0271] Comparative Example 6 Comparative Example 6 of the present application is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of Example 6. In the present application, two comparative samples are manufactured, namely Comparative Sample 6-A and Comparative Sample 6-B respectively.

[0272] The test results are shown in Table 6. The ratio of the resin to the silicon-containing filler is a mass ratio.

[0273]

Table 6A

[0274]

Table 6B

[0275] Example 7 In this embodiment, a silicone-containing filler and a high-temperature adhesive are mixed, and the mixture of the silicone-containing filler and high-temperature adhesive is added to the resin and mixed uniformly. The silicone-containing filler and high-temperature adhesive can be added in multiple portions to ensure uniform mixing, and the mixture is cured after uniform mixing. The curing conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0276] The selection and purchase of raw materials are the same as in Example 4.

[0277] In this embodiment 7, thirteen samples were produced, designated as Sample 7-1 to Sample 7-13.

[0278] Refer to Table 7 for test results. In the silicone-containing filler, the high-temperature adhesive content refers to the mass ratio of the high-temperature adhesive to the silicone-containing filler, while the ratio of resin to silicone-containing filler is a mass ratio.

[0279] [Table 7A]

[0280] [Table 7B]

[0281] As can be seen from the comparison with Sample 6-3 in Tables 7 and 6, the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective material is clearly increased after adding the high-temperature fusion agent.

[0282] Example 8 In this embodiment, the silicone-containing filler and lubricant are uniformly mixed, then added to the resin, uniformly mixed, and cured. The curing conditions are the same as in Example 1. Since no heat-resistant fiber cloth is included, regarding the amount of lubricant used, talc accounts for 5-40 wt% of the amount of silicone-containing filler, while paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, etc., account for 3-10 wt% of the amount of silicone-containing filler. However, because paraffin wax and polyethylene wax have low melting points, using large amounts will affect the thermal shock resistance.

[0283] The selection and purchase of raw materials are the same as in Example 5.

[0284] In this embodiment 8, ten samples were produced, designated as Sample 8-1 to Sample 8-10.

[0285] Comparative Example 8 Comparative Example 8 of the present application is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of Example 8, and in the present application, three comparative samples are manufactured, which are comparative sample 8-A, comparative sample 8-B, and comparative sample 8-C.

[0286] Refer to Table 8 for test results. In the silicone-containing filler, the lubricant content refers to the mass ratio of lubricant to silicone-containing filler, while the ratio of resin to silicone-containing filler is a mass ratio.

[0287] [Table 8A]

[0288] [Table 8B]

[0289] As can be seen from the comparison between samples 8-2 and 8-3 in Table 8 and sample 6-3 in Table 6, the bending strength of the heat-resistant protective material is clearly increased after the addition of lubricant.

[0290] Example 9 In this embodiment, the silicone-containing filler and lubricant are uniformly mixed, then added to the resin, uniformly mixed, and cured. The curing conditions are the same as in Example 2. Since no heat-resistant fiber cloth is included, regarding the amount of lubricant used, talc accounts for 5-40 wt% of the amount of silicone-containing filler, while paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, etc., account for 3-10 wt% of the amount of silicone-containing filler. However, because paraffin wax and polyethylene wax have low melting points, using large amounts will affect the impact resistance.

[0291] The selection and purchase of raw materials are the same as in Examples 2 and 3.

[0292] In this embodiment 9, 28 samples were produced, designated as Sample 9-1 to Sample 9-28.

[0293] Comparative Example 9 Comparative Example 9 of the present application is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of Example 9, and comparative sample 9-A was manufactured in the present application.

[0294] Refer to Table 9 for the test results. The ceramic precursor slurry content is the ratio of ceramic precursor slurry to the sum of the masses of ceramic precursor slurry and resin, and the ratio of resin to silicon-containing filler is the mass ratio.

[0295] [Table 9A]

[0296] [Table 9B]

[0297] [Table 9C]

[0298] [Table 9D]

[0299] As can be seen from Tables 6 and 9 above, the thermal shock resistance of the heat-resistant protective material with added ceramic precursor is enhanced, and it does not break even when subjected to a 1500°C hot airflow for 50 seconds, and can withstand thermal shock for a longer period of time compared to the heat-resistant protective material without the ceramic precursor.

[0300] Example 10 In this embodiment, the resin, silicone-containing filler, and chopped fibers are mixed in appropriate proportions. The silicone-containing filler and chopped fibers may be added after pre-mixing, or each may be added in multiple separate additions. The order of addition is not limited. After uniform mixing, the mixture is cured, and the curing conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0301] The chopped carbon fibers used in this embodiment were purchased from Jiangxi Shuobang New Materials Science and Technology Co., Ltd., the chopped silicon carbide fibers were purchased from Hunan Ruixin Materials Co., Ltd., and the other materials were purchased in the same manner as in Example 6.

[0302] In this example 10, eight samples were produced, designated as Sample 10-1 to Sample 10-8.

[0303] Comparative Example 10 Comparative Example 10 of the present application is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of Example 10, and in the present application, three comparative samples are manufactured, which are comparative samples 10-A to 10-C.

[0304] Refer to Table 10 for test results; the ratio of resin to silicone-containing filler is expressed as a mass ratio.

[0305] [Table 10A]

[0306] [Table 10B]

[0307] As can be seen from Table 10, the flexural strength of the heat-resistant protective material increases after appropriate addition of chopped fibers. However, if the chopped fiber content is too high, for example, if the mass ratio of chopped fibers to silicon-containing filler exceeds 15%, the flexural strength of the heat-resistant protective material decreases. This is thought to be because chopped fibers are difficult to disperse and tend to aggregate, and the joints of the chopped fibers may become weak points during the thermal shock process.

[0308] Example 11 In this embodiment, a functional layer was manufactured according to the method of Example 10, a reinforcing layer was manufactured according to the method of Example 1, or a fiber cloth was used as the reinforcing layer, and then the functional layer and the reinforcing layer were laminated and composited by hot pressing.

[0309] The suppliers of the raw materials are the same as those for Examples 1 and 6.

[0310] In this embodiment 11, five samples were manufactured, designated as Sample 11-1 to Sample 11-5.

[0311] Refer to Table 11 for test results.

[0312] [Table 11]

[0313] Example 12 In this embodiment, a functional layer was manufactured according to the method of Example 10, and a reinforcing layer was manufactured according to the method of Example 1, or a pure fiber cloth was used as the reinforcing layer. Subsequently, the functional layer was sandwiched between the reinforcing layer and the reinforcing layer and laminated, then composited by hot pressing.

[0314] The suppliers of the raw materials are the same as those for Examples 1 and 6.

[0315] In this Example 12, six samples were prepared, designated as Sample 12-1 to Sample 12-6.

[0316] Refer to Table 12 for test results.

[0317] [Table 12A]

[0318] [Table 12B]

[0319] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined in any way, and for the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above have been explained. However, any combination of these technical features should be considered within the scope described herein, as long as they do not contradict each other.

[0320] The embodiments described above represent only a few embodiments of the present application, and although their descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be understood as limitations on the scope of the claims. Those skilled in the art should note that several modifications and improvements can be made as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the present application, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection claimed by the present application shall be based on the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0321] 1 Vehicle, 2 Battery, 6 Battery cell, 8 Heat-resistant protective material, 9 Thermal resistance layer, 20 Housing, 6a First battery cell, 6b Second battery cell, 61 Electrode assembly, 62 Housing, 63 Electrode terminals, 64 Connecting member, 65 Pressure reduction mechanism, 66 Thermal management component, 67 Insulation component, 68 First wall, 69 Second wall, 81 Fiber-resin composite layer, 810 Fiber matrix, 811 Resin, 82 Getter layer, 83 Insulation layer, 84 Functional layer, 841 First resin, 842 Filler, 85 Reinforcement layer, 850 Second resin, 86 Reinforcement layer, 201 First housing section / top cover, 202 Second housing section / bottom wall, 203 Housing space, 621 Case, 622 End cover, 631 Positive electrode terminal, 632 Negative electrode terminal, 661 Vulnerable area.

Claims

1. The composite layer comprises a composite layer and a ceramic precursor, the composite layer comprising a fiber matrix and a resin, the resin being dispersed in the voids of the fiber matrix and / or on the surface of the fiber matrix, and the volume proportion of the fiber matrix in the composite layer is 50% to 75%. The fiber matrix comprises a fiber cloth and / or fiber felt, and the mass content of carbon in the resin is greater than 40%. The heat-resistant protective material is characterized in that the fiber matrix includes the fiber cloth and / or the fiber felt, which are arranged in layers.

2. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber matrix includes the fiber fabric, and the fiber fabric is one or more of the following: a twill fabric, a satin fabric, a uniaxial fabric, and a multiaxial fabric.

3. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the resin comprises one or more combinations of phenol resin, benzoxazine resin, furan resin, polyurea, and phenol-modified epoxy resin, and / or the fibers of the fiber matrix comprises one or more of carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, quartz fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, asbestos fibers, high silica fibers, boron-carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes.

4. The viscosity modifier is dispersed in the resin, and the amount of the viscosity modifier used is 1 to 10% of the volume of the resin, and / or The resin is dispersed with a curing agent added, and / or The resin contains a flame retardant dispersed therein, the amount of the flame retardant used is 5 to 40% of the mass of the resin, and / or The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that a phase change material is dispersed in the resin, and the amount of the phase change material used is 5% to 20% of the volume of the fiber matrix.

5. The heat-resistant protective material according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the volume of the ceramic precursor to the sum of the volumes of the ceramic precursor and the resin is less than 50%, or the ratio of the mass of the ceramic precursor to the sum of the masses of the ceramic precursor and the resin is less than 50%.

6. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 5, characterized in that the ceramic precursor comprises one or more of polysilazane resin, polyborosilazane resin, and polycarbosilane resin.

7. The fiber matrix comprises a first fiber matrix and a second fiber matrix, the resin is dispersed in the voids of the first fiber matrix and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the first fiber matrix to form a first composite layer, and the ceramic precursor is dispersed in the voids of the second fiber matrix and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the second fiber matrix to form a second composite layer. The first composite layer and the second composite layer are provided stacked to form a laminated structure, or The two first composite layers sandwich at least one second composite layer to form a laminated structure, or The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 5, characterized in that the two second composite layers sandwich at least one first composite layer to form a laminated structure.

8. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 5, characterized in that the mixture of the resin and the ceramic precursor is dispersed in the voids of the fiber matrix and / or covers two opposing surfaces of the fiber matrix.

9. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 5, characterized in that the ceramic precursor is applied to one surface of the composite layer or to two opposing surfaces of the composite layer.

10. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 1, further comprising a silicone-containing filler.

11. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 10, characterized in that the amount of the silicone-containing filler used is 40 to 70% of the volume of the fiber matrix.

12. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 10, characterized in that the silicon-containing filler includes one or more combinations of silica aerogel powder, quartz powder, mica powder, ceramic fine powder, white carbon black, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and talc.

13. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 10, characterized in that the silicon-containing filler comprises silica aerogel powder and mica powder, and the mass ratio of the silica aerogel powder to the mica powder is 1:3 to 1:

1.

14. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 10, characterized in that the silicon-containing filler comprises silica and aluminum oxide, the amount of silica used is 50 to 80 wt% of the silicon-containing filler, and the amount of aluminum oxide used is 10 to 30 wt% of the silicon-containing filler.

15. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 10, characterized in that the silicone-containing filler is applied to the surface of the composite layer or embedded in the resin.

16. The heat-resistant protective material further comprises a high-temperature adhesive, the amount of the high-temperature adhesive used being 40 to 70% of the volume of the fiber matrix, and the high-temperature adhesive comprises one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and aluminum silicon powder, as described in claim 1.

17. The heat-resistant protective material further comprises a high-temperature fusion agent, wherein the amount of the high-temperature fusion agent used is 10 wt% to 40 wt% of the silicon-containing filler, as described in claim 10.

18. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 17, wherein the high-temperature fusion agent comprises one or more of talc, wollastonite, mica powder, kaolin, barium sulfate, and aluminum silicon powder, and the material of the high-temperature fusion agent is different from the material of the silicon-containing filler.

19. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 16, characterized in that the high-temperature fusion agent is applied to the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in the resin.

20. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 10, wherein the heat-resistant protective material further contains a lubricant, and the amount of the lubricant used is 10 wt% to 40 wt% of the silicone-containing filler.

21. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 20, characterized in that the lubricant comprises one or more combinations of polyamide wax, polyethylene wax, and paraffin wax.

22. The heat-resistant protective material further comprises a heat-reflective filler, wherein the amount of heat-reflective filler used is 0 to 5 wt% of the heat-resistant protective material, as described in claim 1.

23. The heat-resistant protective material further comprises a heat-reflective filler, wherein the amount of heat-reflective filler used is 5 to 30 wt% of the silicon-containing filler, as described in claim 10.

24. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 22, characterized in that the heat-reflective filler comprises one or more oxides or nitrides of titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, lanthanum, and cerium.

25. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 22, characterized in that the heat-reflective filler is applied to the surface of the composite layer or dispersed in the resin.

26. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 1, further comprising a coloring agent, wherein the coloring agent comprises one or more of carbon black, titanium white, iron black, oil-based color concentrate, and transition metal colored ion oxide.

27. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant protective material further comprises a getter, and the amount of the getter used is 0 to 10 wt% of the heat-resistant protective material.

28. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 27, characterized in that the getter is provided on the surface of the composite layer to form a getter layer, or is embedded in the resin.

29. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant protective material further includes an insulating layer, and the insulating layer is provided laminated with the composite layer.

30. The heat-resistant protective material according to claim 29, characterized in that the heat insulating layer includes an aerogel coating or aerogel felt.

31. A battery characterized by containing a heat-resistant protective material according to any one of claims 1 to 30.

32. The battery cell includes a first wall equipped with a pressure reduction mechanism, The battery according to claim 31, characterized in that the heat-resistant protective material and the pressure reduction mechanism are provided opposite each other.

33. The system includes a plurality of battery cells, each containing adjacent first and second battery cells arranged along a first direction. The battery according to claim 31, characterized in that the heat-resistant protective material is provided between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

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