Electrical contact unit

Abstract

The present invention relates to a contact unit (1) for establishing an electrically conductive connection comprising a first connection part (100) including a first electrical contact (121) and a second connection part (200) including a second electrical contact (221), where the first connection part (100) comprises a first section (101) and a second section (102); the first connection part (100) can be positioned relative to the second connection part (200) along a contact axis (11) in an idle position; The contact (221) is designed to establish, upon contact, a conductive connection designed to conduct electrical energy between the first connection part (100) and the second connection part (200); the contact unit (1) further comprises a positioning unit (131, 110, 210) for an idle position and an actuator (140) designed to displace the second section (102) of the first connection part (100) relative to the first section (101) in a contact direction (12).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to an electrical contact unit, a method of operating an electrical contact unit, and the use of an electrical contact unit. The electrical contact unit can be used, for example, to charge an electrical energy storage battery of a vehicle.

[0002] For example, one requirement for implementing a battery-powered electric drive concept for a vehicle is the availability of a sufficiently large time buffer for recharging the storage battery by utilizing downtime induced by operation or use. Due to the limited nature of this time buffer, the only option for opening up further application scenarios is to further develop the rapid charging capability of the storage battery, i.e., the ability to recharge in a short time, and the charging capability of the associated charging system.

[0003] The expected development towards improving the power density of storage batteries has already led to an increase in the charging rate. The charging rate is a measure of the relationship of the maximum possible charging current measured in amperes (A) based on the rated capacity of the storage battery, measured in ampere-hours (Ah). The charging rate is a direct representation of how quickly the storage battery can be charged.

[0004] A high charging rate causes a high charging current to flow. Contact plug systems available on the market are subject to physically induced limitations regarding high charging currents, for example due to the quality of the electrical connection established by contact with the electrical contacts of the contact plug system. In order to ensure a sufficiently high-quality electrical connection, i.e., a low contact resistance, either a large contact surface of the electrical contacts and / or a high contact force between the electrical contacts is required. The latter follows the natural boundary when only human operation is involved. Furthermore, increasing the contact surface for transmitting a very large current in a conventional contact plug system results in component dimensions that are not useful for human operation.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide electrical contact units suitable for conducting electric current, particularly high current, for establishing electrical connections, in particular power connections, and methods for operating them. The above object also includes possible uses of electrical contact units for charging electric energy storage batteries.

[0006] The above objectives are achieved according to the features of the independent claims. Furthermore, advantageous embodiments of the present invention are described in claims that again refer to the independent claims.

[0007] The electrical contact unit includes a first connector containing a first electrical contact, and a second connector containing a second electrical contact. The electrical contact is a device including a conductive material such as a metal, alloy, or conductive organic material, or a conductive embodiment of carbon. The electrical contact is designed to establish a conductive connection with further electrical contacts or electrical conductors by contact with it. The contact may be an integral part of another device, for example, that is connected thereto or designed as a separate device. This is possible, for example, in the case of a first contact to be connected to the first connector and a second contact to be connected to the second connector. Such connection may be achieved in the case of the first and / or second electrical contacts in each case using an elastic preloading element such as a mechanical spring, so that the two contacts may come into contact with each other using a preloading force when stationary relative to each other.

[0008] The first and second connectors are arranged to be movable relative to each other along a contact axis extending in the contact direction. For example, the first connector can be positioned relative to the contact axis such that the contact axis extends through, for example, a central point of the first connector. For example, the second connector can be positioned relative to the contact axis such that the contact axis extends through, for example, a central point of the second connector. The first connector includes a first section and a second section, where the second section is movable relative to the first section, and the first electrical contact is located in the second section. The first connector can be positioned relative to the second connector along the contact axis such that the first section of the first connector is ultimately in an idle position relative to the second connector.

[0009] The first and second electrical contacts are designed to establish a conductive connection between the first and second connection when they are in contact with each other. This means that an electrical conductor located within or therein and electrically connected to the first electrical contact is electrically connected to an electrical conductor located within or therein and electrically connected to the second electrical contact by contact between the first and second electrical contacts. The electrical connection is designed to conduct electrical energy, for example, by conducting electric current.

[0010] The electrical contact unit further includes an arrangement unit designed to pre-determine an idle position. This arrangement unit is used to enable spatial positioning of the first connection, in particular the first section of the first connection, relative to the second connection, in such a way that, for example, the first and second electrical contacts can be brought into contact with each other, starting from the idle position. This arrangement of the first connection relative to the second connection is advantageous because it is possible to bring the first and second electrical contacts together, starting from the idle position, or to separate the first and second electrical contacts from each other using a sequence of a few movements of the first contact that is easy to implement.

[0011] The placement unit may be implemented, for example, at a retaining edge in the first connection, so that the first connection can abut against the second connection. The placement unit may also be implemented, for example, as a recess in the first connection, so that a spring-loaded locking element attached to the second connection and having, for example, a spherical, cylindrical, or particularly rounded shape can then be engaged when the first connection is in the idle position relative to the second connection. Further exemplary options include, for example, an optical system including a light sensor and an optionally provided light source, which results in outputting a signal when the first connection is in the idle position relative to the second connection, the signal being different from the signal when the first connection is not in the idle position relative to the second connection.

[0012] Furthermore, exemplary implementation options, like optical options, result through the use of magnets and Hall sensors, where the magnets are located at the first connection and the Hall sensors at the second connection, or vice versa, and in each case, they are in defined positions relative to each other. The Hall sensors detect the magnetic field generated by the magnets and output a corresponding signal, where the signal differs when the first connection is in an idle position relative to the second connection compared to when the first connection is not in an idle position relative to the second connection. Distance sensors, such as eddy current sensors, or induction sensors may be used in a similar manner to determine the position.

[0013] Another option for pre-determining the idle position is, for example, a switch that operates only in the idle position, or the use of an image-based system including, for example, a camera, where the position of the first connection relative to the second connection can be determined using an image evaluation method, and a corresponding signal is provided when the first connection is in the idle position relative to the second connection.

[0014] The electrical contact unit further includes an actuator, which is designed to displace the second section of the first connection in the contact direction relative to the first section such that, when the first section of the first connection is in an idle position, the second section and the second connection lean against each other in the contact direction, and the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact come into contact with each other.

[0015] The actuator described above may include, for example, two sections that are movable relative to each other, such as a fixed section and a movable section. This movement may be driven, for example, using electrical energy, where the movement may be provided via an electrically operated motor. Other forms of drive are also conceivable in this connection, such as drives involving further mechanical components, such as hydraulic and / or pneumatic and / or magnetic and / or gearboxes. If the actuator is fixed, for example, to the first section of the first connection by the fixed section, then the movement of the movable section, and for example the abutment of the movable section against the second section of the first connection, may cause the movement of the second section relative to the first section. The actuator may be, for example, a linear actuator that produces linear movement. Thus, it is also possible for the fixed section and the movable section to perform linear movement relative to each other.

[0016] As a result of contact between the first and second contacts, a conductive connection is made between the two contacts, and the flow of current between the first and second connection points is made possible through this conductive connection.

[0017] The contact unit may include a latching element. The latching element may be movable between a latched position and an unlocked position. In the latched position, the latching element may prevent the movement of the first section of the first connection relative to the second connection. In the latched position, the latching element may also allow the movement of the second section of the first connection relative to the first section of the first connection. Additionally, there is an option for the latching element to allow the movement of the first section of the first connection relative to the second connection in the unlocked position. Similarly, the latching element may prevent the movement of the second section of the first connection relative to the first section of the first connection in the unlocked position.

[0018] In contrast, latch elements can be associated with multiple advantages.

[0019] On the one hand, it is therefore possible to latch the first section of the first connector to the second connector. The latch is understood here to mean that when the latch element is in the latched position, the first section and the second connector cannot move significantly relative to each other, and subsequently, it is impossible to inadvertently remove the second connector from the second connector. Removal during the charging process is dangerous to the user due to the expected high charging current, and may result in at least partial destruction of the electrical contact unit or components of the equipment connected thereto, for example, as a fire may be caused due to a loosening of the current-transmitting contact.

[0020] On the other hand, a latch by a latching element may allow a potential contact force to be provided between the first and second connections, particularly between the first and second electrical contacts. The latch allows, for example, very high contact forces.

[0021] Furthermore, it is believed that movement of the second section relative to the first section is suppressed in the latch release position. This is advantageous because, for example, when the first connector is not in the idle position, generally undesirable movement of the second section relative to the first section can be suppressed. Thus, especially when the first connector is not in the idle position, the sections of the first connector can be held together in a compact shape and cannot move away from each other.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first section of the first connector may have a latch recess, and the second connector may have a further recess. The latch element may then engage with the latch recess of the first section of the first connector and the recess of the second connector when the element is in the latched position. In particular, when the first connector is in the idle position relative to the second connector, the latch recess of the first section and the recess of the second connector may be positioned opposite each other, and for example, the latch element may be inserted into the recess of the second connector through the latch recess of the first section and eventually rest there, which corresponds to the latched position. Alternatively, in the unlocked position, the latch element, or its sections, may not be positioned in either the latch recess of the first section or the recess of the second connector.

[0023] Furthermore, the actuator can be connected to the first section of the first connector. In this way, the movement of the second section of the first connector relative to the first section can be particularly well implemented. In particular, when the first section and the actuator are firmly connected to each other, for example, in a fixed section, the actuator and the first section together form a reference for the movement of the second section relative to it, which can be brought about by the movement of the moving section of the actuator relative to the surface of the second section of the first connector. By moving the moving section relative to the surface of the second section of the first connector, a force can be exerted on the second section, which can cause a displacement of the second section of the first connector, and as a result of the displacement, the second section of the first connector and the second connector lean against each other in the contact direction, and the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are in contact with each other.

[0024] In one embodiment, the actuator can be designed to move a latch element from a latched position to an unlocked position and vice versa. For this purpose, the actuator may be kinematically coupled to the latch element by, for example, a lever, mechanism, guide rail, or guide groove. If the fixed section of the actuator is connected here to, for example, a first section, in particular a rigid connection is considered here, the movable section of the actuator may be coupled to the latch element using a kinematic coupling. The movement of the movable section of the actuator relative to the first section of the first connection can then be transmitted to the latch element. This can be brought about by the movement of the latch element relative to the first section of the first connection, more specifically, by pushing the latch element into, or at least partially through, the latch recess of the first section of the first connection and / or the recess of the second connection, or pulling it out in the opposite direction from the recess of the second connection and / or the latch recess.

[0025] The contact unit may include a solenoid and a magnetic counter element. When active and the second section of the first connector and the second connector are leaning against each other in the contact direction, the solenoid, together with the magnetic counter element, can use a magnetic field to provide a magnetic attraction between the second section of the first connector and the second connector. The magnetic attraction may be at least large enough to hold the second section of the first connector in a position where the first and second electrical contacts are in contact with each other. The solenoid and magnetic counter element can therefore ensure that the electrical connection is maintained between the first and second electrical contacts. This is possible even when the actuator does not exert a force on the second section of the first connector. The latter may be, for example, when the moving section of the actuator moves relative to the stationary section in such a way that the moving section does not exert a force on the surface of the second section of the first connector. In addition, a contact force may be established between the first and second electrical contacts as a result of the magnetic attraction, which can improve the quality of the electrical connection between the first and second electrical contacts.

[0026] A magnetic counter element contains a magnetic material such as iron, and the magnetic field above it has an attractive effect.

[0027] A solenoid is active when current flows through its coil winding, and a magnetic field is thus provided. Therefore, it is possible to activate the solenoid by activating the current flowing through the coil winding, for example, by using a switch. The solenoid can be deactivated when the current flowing through the coil winding is deactivated, for example, by using a switch. A switch for activating or deactivating the current flowing through the solenoid's coil winding may be configured to be controllable, for example, by a control device.

[0028] The contact unit can be embodied in such a way that the first electrical contact includes the first power contact and the second electrical contact includes the second power contact. The power contacts are designed to conduct, i.e., transport, electrical energy. Generally, the power contacts are configured to conduct at least a predetermined amount of electrical energy, i.e., power, per predetermined time unit. To do so, generally, an extension of the power contact that is greater than or equal to the material-dependent minimum value is selected.

[0029] The first electrical contact and the second electrical contact can be designed to conduct high power at a voltage of up to 1500 volts and a current of up to 1600 amperes, preferably up to 1900 amperes, and particularly preferably up to 3000 amperes. An electrical connection capable of conducting such a current can be a high-current connection, or, for example or in particular, can be referred to as a high-current connection without time limitation. The electrical connection that can be established by the first electrical contact being in contact with the second electrical contact can be a high-current connection. The current can be, for example, direct current. However, alternating current is also conceivable.

[0030] In one embodiment of the contact unit, the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact can be arranged opposite each other on surfaces that are each oriented substantially parallel to the contact axis and spaced apart therefrom in each case. Simultaneously or alternatively, the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact can be arranged opposite each other on surfaces that are each oriented substantially perpendicular to the contact axis in each case. In this context, it becomes clear that the available surfaces of the first connection part and the second connection part can be efficiently utilized for arranging the electrical contacts. This can be significant, for example, when the electrical contacts include a plurality of sections that need to be arranged spaced apart from each other, for safety reasons, for example. As a result of the efficient use of the available surfaces, the amount of the contact unit can be limited to the degree of necessity.

[0031] In one embodiment, it is conceivable that the first connection part includes a first protective grounding conductor contact and the second connection part includes a second protective grounding conductor contact. The first protective grounding conductor contact can be electrically connected to the ground potential. In addition, when the first protective grounding conductor contact comes into contact with the second protective grounding conductor contact, it is possible to establish an electrical connection between the second protective grounding conductor contact and the ground potential. In principle, it is also conceivable that the roles of the first and second protective grounding conductors are reversed. This means, for example, that the second protective grounding conductor contact is electrically connected to the ground potential. Next, when the second protective grounding conductor contact comes into contact with the first protective grounding conductor contact, it is also possible to establish an electrical connection between the first protective grounding conductor contact and the ground potential.

[0032] The first and second protective grounding conductor contacts may include a conductive material, such as a metal, an alloy, or a conductive organic material, or a conductive embodiment of carbon.

[0033] An advantageous effect of the protective grounding conductor contact is that a potential fault current can dissipate to the ground potential, and thus, for example, harmful effects on the user of the contact unit or the contact unit or parts of the connected equipment can be reduced.

[0034] The above option exists for the second protective earth conductor contact to cooperate with a protective earth conductor preloading element designed to provide a contact force between the first and second protective earth conductor contacts when the first protective earth conductor contact contacts the second protective earth conductor contact. For example, the protective earth conductor preloading element may be a mechanical spring connected on one end to the second connection and on the other end to the second protective earth conductor contact. The force associated with the protective earth conductor preloading element may act in the direction of contact. As a result of the contact force between the first and second protective earth conductor contacts, the quality of the electrical connection between the two protective earth conductor contacts may be improved, for example, by the reduction in contact resistance caused thereby. In addition, this may reduce the risk of unintentionally interrupting the contact between the two protective earth conductor contacts and thereby interrupting the electrical connection therebetween.

[0035] Alternatively, the first protective earth conductor contact may cooperate with a protective earth conductor preloading element, where the description provided for a protective earth conductor preloading element cooperating with a second protective earth conductor contact applies similarly. Then, the protective earth conductor preloading element may only be installed between the second section of the first connection and the first protective earth conductor contact.

[0036] In one embodiment, the first and second protective earth conductor contacts may be positioned facing each other on surfaces oriented substantially perpendicular to the contact axis in each case. However, the first and second protective earth conductor contacts may also be positioned facing each other on surfaces oriented substantially parallel to the contact axis in each case, and positioned away from it. Again, it becomes clear that the available surfaces of the first and second connection can be efficiently utilized for positioning the electrical contacts. This is particularly significant, for example, when the electrical contacts include multiple sections that need to be positioned away from each other, for example, for safety reasons. As a result of the efficient use of available surfaces, the number of contact units may be limited to the extent necessary.

[0037] This is consistent with the present disclosure when the first connection includes a first control pilot contact and the second connection includes a second control pilot contact. When the first and second control pilot contacts are in contact with each other, it is possible to establish an evaluable electrical connection between them.

[0038] The first and second control pilot contacts may include conductive materials, such as metals, alloys, or conductive organic materials, or conductive embodiments of carbon.

[0039] Being evaluable in this connection may mean, for example, that it is possible to verify whether or not an electrical connection exists between the first and second control pilot contacts. This verification may be facilitated, controlled, and evaluated by the control unit, for example, by attempting to conduct current through this electrical connection. If this is successful, it may be assumed that an electrical connection exists; if this is unsuccessful, it may be assumed that an electrical connection does not exist. Since it is known that each control pilot contact is positioned at the first or second connection, the position of the first connection or a section of the first connection relative to the second connection can be inferred from whether or not an electrical connection exists. This may be used, for example, to determine whether the first and second connections are oriented relative to each other in a manner that allows energy to be transmitted while complying with potential safety requirements.

[0040] Being evaluable in this connection may also mean that the electrical connection between the first and second control pilot contacts, if present, can be used to transmit electrical signals representing information between the first and second connections. For example, a control signal, or a signal containing sensor information or state information, can be transmitted between the two connections. Such information may be, for example, charge status, voltage measurement, current measurement, identity, authentication information, price information, etc., for short information and / or data that may be of interest for operating the contact unit and / or the equipment connected thereto. To enable the transmission of such information, each of the control pilot contacts may be connected, for example, to the first and / or second control unit, or to a sensor or even to a control unit such as an electronic switch module, where the connection may, in each case, be implemented via electrical wires such as twisted pair wires. In each case, the first and second control pilot contacts may have one or more electrical connection surfaces, each of which may establish an electrical connection between the first and second control pilot contacts when the first and second control pilot contacts are in contact with each other. The electrical connection between the first and second control pilot contacts may also be used in pairs in each case to transmit, for example, one or more signals. Thus, the first and second control pilot contacts may also be part of a telecommunications link between, for example, a control unit connected to the first control pilot contact and a control unit connected to the second control pilot contact. Instead of each control unit, it is also possible to use other electrical or electronic modules of the respective connections or the respective equipment connected thereto, for example, a vehicle control unit or a charging station control unit. In principle, control pilot contacts can be used advantageously in this regard with respect to control tasks that may occur during the operation of the contact units.

[0041] It is conceivable that some of the functions of the control pilot contacts may be provided by the protective earth conductor contacts. For example, the conductive surface of the protective earth conductor contact may form or encompass one of the electrical connection surfaces of the control pilot contact. As a result, it is conceivable that the first protective earth conductor contact provides a conductive surface to the first control pilot contact, and the second protective earth conductor contact provides a conductive surface to the second control pilot contact. In such a case, the conductive surface of the protective earth conductor contact may have a smaller surface area than that of a conventional protective earth conductor contact, which may be intended to provide a ground potential and / or dissipate fault currents. The electrical connection between the first and second control pilot contacts may then be provided, at least partially, by a conductive connection between the first and second protective earth conductor contacts.

[0042] An option exists in which first and second control pilot contacts are positioned between the solenoid and the magnet counter element. This defined position may allow for the inference of the position of at least one section of the first connection relative to the second connection from the contact between the two control pilot contacts, which may be determined, for example, by determining the electrical connection between the two control pilot contacts. The first control pilot contact may also provide a conductive portion of the solenoid. The second control pilot contact may provide a conductive portion of the magnet counter element.

[0043] In one embodiment, the second connection may include a movable contact protection and restoring element provided with a preloading element. It is conceivable that the second section of the first connection may be displaced in the contact direction relative to the first section such that, when the first section of the first connection is in an idle position, the first and second electrical contacts are positioned away from each other. The contact protection and restoring element may be an element made of an insulating material, such as a non-conductive plastic material. The preloading element may be a spring, such as a helical spring or a disc spring. The preloading element may then be connected to the second connection and the contact protection and restoring element. The preloading element can exert force on the contact protection and restoring element, thereby allowing it to move relative to the second connection. During this movement, the contact protection and restoring element may press against the second section of the first connection, displacing the second section. This displacement may be designed such that, as a result of the displacement of the second section, the first electrical contact is positioned away from the second electrical contact.

[0044] In possible interactions with a solenoid, this may be advantageous when the solenoid is inactive during displacement to position the first electrical contact away from the second electrical contact. Furthermore, the contact restoring element during displacement to position the first and second electrical contacts away from each other may be displaced, or reach a position where the presence of the contact restoring element excludes the establishment of an electrical connection between the first and second electrical contacts. The advantages that may result from such arrangement are, for example, that when the solenoid transitions to an inactive state, the electrical connection between the first and second electrical contacts is disconnected by positioning them apart, and that the two contacts are electrically isolated from each other.

[0045] In one modified embodiment, the second electrical contact can be made movable. A motion coupling can also be embodied between the second electrical contact and the contact protection restoring element. The motion coupling may also transmit the movement of the contact restoring element to the second electrical contact in order to provide contact using a contact force between the first and second electrical contacts or to position the first and second electrical contacts apart from each other. Thus, the contact restoring element may move as a result of the movement of the second section of the first connection, in such a way that the second section presses against the contact restoring element and displaces the same. As a result of the motion coupling, the second electrical contact can move so that it approaches the first electrical contact until it makes contact with it, and ultimately a contact force is established between the first and second electrical contacts. This process can be optimized by combining the motion coupling and preloading elements of the contact restoring element in such a way that the preloading element of the contact restoring element can act simultaneously as the preloading element of the second electrical contact.

[0046] When the second section of the first connection does not press against the contact restoring element, for example, when the solenoid is inactive and / or the position of the moving section of the actuator allows movement of the second section of the first connection, the contact restoring element may move in such a way that the second section of the first connection is moved by the contact restoring element by pressing against the first electrical contact in such a way that the first electrical contact moves spatially away from the second electrical contact as a result of the force exerted by the preloading element of the contact restoring element. At the same time, the second electrical contact itself may also move as a result of the motion coupling, and consequently the spatial distance between the first and second electrical contacts also increases.

[0047] The preloading elements of the protective earth conductor preloading element and the contact protection restoring element may be configured such that when an electrical connection is established between the first and second connection parts, the following contact sequence is provided: protective earth conductor contact, first and second contacts, and pilot control contact. When the electrical connection between the first and second connection parts is disconnected, the following sequence can be observed: control pilot contact, first and second contacts, and protective earth conductor contact.

[0048] In one embodiment, the first connector may be a plug and the second connector may be a socket. Alternatively, the first connector may be a socket and the second connector a plug. In this regard, the socket may guide the plug along the contact axis. This guidance is equivalent to limiting the possible degrees of freedom in terms of the movement of the plug and socket relative to each other, and simplifies the use of the contact unit because there is no need to take further provisioning for movement along degrees of freedom that are not permitted as a result of this limitation.

[0049] In addition, the above option exists so that the socket may include a movable cover. This inclusion may be used to protect the electrical contacts of the socket from environmental factors. Environmental factors may include, for example, rain, dew or snow, or precipitation such as dust or other particles that may occur, particularly in a manufacturing plant. Other relevant environmental factors may, however, be gases or salts that may occur, for example, in the ocean atmosphere. Because the socket has a cavity that can typically be defined and generally at least partially enclosed, it may be important for operation to protect the socket from, for example, deposits resulting from environmental factors or contact with them, by covering the same, for example. The cover may be connected to the socket in a way that allows it to be folded or displaced. The movement of the cover may be performed, for example, by an additional actuator, such as an electric motor. In principle, however, the above option also exists so that the cover may be positioned with a preloading element so that it moves, for example, to be pushed into an open position by pressure applied by the user and to return to a closed position using the force applied by the preloading element. However, the cover could also be designed as a lid that can be manually positioned, for example.

[0050] Furthermore, as a general rule, the socket cavity is designed to be rinseable and may be rinsed with gas. For example, when the cavity is substantially closed by a cover, it is possible to provide an overpressure compared to the ambient pressure.

[0051] In one embodiment, there is an option for the first connector to be connected to a retaining device designed to provide an interface for positioning the first connector relative to a second connector. This could be, for example, a manual positioning process. It is equally conceivable that the positioning be performed by a machine, supported by a machine, and / or supported by a mechanical device. The retaining device may include, for example, a handle, which has, for example, a rod shape. The retaining device may also be positioned away from the first connector, for example, using a spacer. There is also an option for the retaining device to be positioned so as to extend at least partially around the first connector. For example, an option exists for gripping the retaining device using one hand or two additional hands. The retaining device may also have an ergonomic structure, for example, a recess that is arranged in a wave pattern and can reproduce the impression of fingers. The retaining device may also be implemented by a recess in the first connector. Another option is for the retaining device to be designed as a surface having, for example, threaded holes, to which a machine or mechanical device can be coupled, for example, by a screw connection.

[0052] In one embodiment, the first and / or second connectors in each case may include a retaining device, for example, in one of the embodiments described above, or as a snap-fit ​​connector, so that the first and second connectors can be aligned with each other by machine or at least supported by machine and / or supported by a mechanical device. The first connector can then be moved to an idle position by machine or at least supported by machine and / or supported by a mechanical device. For this purpose, the first connector may be connected to a support arm, for example, using a retaining device.

[0053] The support arm can perform both linear and rotational movements, for example, on three, four, five, or more axes. The support arm may also be moved using a drive motor. For example, the support arm may be designed as a robot arm. To establish a connection between the support arm and the first connector, the first connector may include a retaining device, such as a surface that could be a flange surface, to which the support arm can be, for example, screwed or mounted. The first connector may also include a recess that functions as a retaining device capable of engaging a matching counter-piece of the support arm. The connection between the support arm and the first connector may also be produced by a snap-fit ​​closure or bayonet closure that functions as a retaining device. The support arm may also include a gripping mechanism that grips and guides the first connector, such as a handle.

[0054] To control the alignment of the first and second connection parts relative to each other on the mechanical base and / or supported by the machine, a positioning control unit may be provided, which controls the movement of the support arm, for example, by supplying a signal suitable for a motor that drives the movement of the support arm. The positioning control unit may also be supplied with a sensor signal indicating the alignment of the first connection part relative to the second connection part. Such a sensor may be, for example, an optical sensor such as a camera, or a combination of a light source and a light sensor, or a distance sensor such as an eddy current sensor, or a Hall sensor including a magnet positioned opposite it, or a pressure wave-based or radio wave-based positioning device. The first and / or second connection parts may also be provided with spatially defined markings, which may be distinguished from the surrounding area in terms of, for example, color, structure, surface, material, or a combination thereof, or may be implemented as, for example, a protrusion, edge, or recess, or a combination thereof.

[0055] Furthermore, a first connection, for example, an electrical conductor located in the first connection, can be electrically connected to an electrical energy source, and a second connection, for example, an electrical conductor located in the second connection, can be electrically connected to an electrical energy sink, for example, a rechargeable electrical energy storage device. Alternatively, a first connection, for example, an electrical conductor located in the first connection, can be electrically connected to an electrical energy sink, for example, a rechargeable electrical energy storage device, and a second connection, for example, an electrical conductor located in the second connection, can be electrically connected to an electrical energy source. The electrical energy source may be, for example, an electricity supply network, and may further include a further electrical energy source, such as a power plant. However, the energy source may also be an energy storage device, such as a battery or rechargeable energy storage device, which may also be rechargeable. For example, this may be a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, or a supercapacitor, or a carbon-based energy storage device, such as a graphene-based one. A rechargeable electrical energy storage device may be, for example, a battery or rechargeable energy storage device, which may also be rechargeable. For example, this could be a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, or a supercapacitor, or a carbon-based energy storage device such as a graphene-based device. When the first and second electrical contacts are in contact with each other, an electrical connection is established between the first and second electrical contacts, and an electrical connection between an electrical energy source and an electrical energy sink, such as an electrically rechargeable energy storage device, can be established via the electrical conductor at the first connection, the first electrical contact, the second electrical contact, and the electrical conductor at the second connection, thereby allowing electrical energy to be transported from the energy source to the energy sink.Electrical energy in the form of current can also be conducted from an energy reservoir, which then functions as an energy source to the supply network, and then represents an energy sink through the contact unit, which is for example to stabilize the power network or a portion of the power network and / or, more generally, to provide power to the energy reservoir that is favorable to the network. For this purpose, the supply network may be electrically connected to, for example, a first electrical contact, and the energy reservoir may be electrically connected to a second electrical contact. Similarly, for example, the power network may be electrically connected to a second electrical contact, and the energy reservoir may be electrically connected to a first electrical contact.

[0056] In one embodiment, the first and / or second connection may have a temperature control unit. The temperature control unit may set the temperature of the first and / or second connection to a temperature lower than 120°C, preferably 90°C, and particularly preferably 60°C.

[0057] A temperature sensor may be used to detect the temperature of the first and / or second connection. For example, the temperature sensor may be placed on or near the first and / or second electrical contacts.

[0058] Temperature control can be achieved, for example, by an airflow that can absorb the heat generated in the contact unit and dissipate it to the surrounding area. The airflow can be provided, for example, by a blower or compressor that blows air into the first and / or second connection parts, for example, into an air inlet opening provided for this purpose. It is also conceivable that the airflow is provided from a reservoir, such as a pressure vessel having pressure at the air inlet opening, so that the airflow can flow into the air inlet opening. Furthermore, proceeding from the air inlet opening, the airflow can be conducted to the contact unit using an air induction channel in the contact unit, for example, at the first connection part. Similarly, the airflow can be spatially distributed by an air distributor in the contact unit. It may be advantageous when the airflow reaches the first and / or second electrical contacts in a manner that is spatially evenly distributed. Temperature control can be further improved when the airflow itself is regulated to a predetermined temperature, for example 20°C, or to an ambient temperature that can be detected in the surrounding area of ​​the contact unit using further temperature sensors. However, there are also options for removing thermal energy from the contact unit using a coolant that can flow through coolant channels arranged around the first and / or second electrical contacts. Water can be used as a coolant, for example. Signals from sensors (e.g., temperature sensors) may need to be evaluated to determine and provide the amount of air and / or cooling medium to be supplied for cooling over a certain period of time.

[0059] One advantage of temperature control, particularly cooling of the contact unit, is that temperature-dependent ohm resistances, for example, in the first and / or second electrical contacts or in the electrical conductors, can be maintained below a predetermined maximum value. Since the power loss within the contact unit is related to ohm resistance, the power loss in the contact unit and the associated heat generation can also be limited. Furthermore, when used, for example, in an insulating system, the materials used in the contact unit are permitted to be used only within a predetermined temperature range, thereby ensuring a predetermined insulating function and service life. Temperature control can also be used to ensure compliance with such temperature ranges.

[0060] In one embodiment, there exists an option for the contact unit to include a control unit. The control unit may provide control signals for establishing and / or disabling electrical connections between a first and a second connection. Such control signals may relate to, for example, an actuator, which may, for example, move the moving section relative to a fixed section. For example, the control unit may process a signal indicating the position of the moving section relative to the fixed section. Such a signal may be provided by a sensor, for example, an optical sensor, a magnetic sensor, an eddy current sensor, or a limit switch, which may here perform a sensing function. The control unit may also process a signal indicating whether the first connection is in an idle position relative to the second connection.

[0061] In addition, control signals for the solenoid can be used, for example, to transition the solenoid to an active or inactive state. This can be done, for example, by appropriately switching on or off a current source that can supply current to the solenoid's coil winding. Control signals for the solenoid can also be implemented, for example, as a function of a signal indicating the position of the moving section relative to the fixed section. However, this may also depend, for example, on whether the first control pilot contact and the second control pilot contact are in contact with each other.

[0062] The control unit may be designed, for example, as a microcontroller including a processing unit and memory, and additionally include a suitable interface that can be used to receive and transmit signals such as the aforementioned control signals and / or sensor signals. The function of the control unit may be determined, for example, by a control program stored in memory. Alternatively, the function of the control unit may be implemented by incorporating, for example, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), where the FPGA configuration that determines the function may be stored in the memory connected thereto.

[0063] The control unit may perform the task of monitoring the charge state in such a way that, for example, when the battery to be charged is fully charged, the current flow ends and the electrical connection between the first and second connections is disconnected. Furthermore, management functions such as capturing time and cost, data acquisition, identity verification, communication with a central equipment control unit or server, alarm functions, error recognition, temperature monitoring, and cooling control are similar functions that may be potentially implemented by the control unit. For this purpose, it may be necessary that additional sensors be installed on the contact unit, for example, a temperature sensor and / or a time sensor, and that signals generated by the additional sensors be received and processed by the control unit.

[0064] The control unit can further provide the ability to control an optional user interface and offer the user options for operation. Such a user interface may be, for example, a display element such as a display or light-emitting diode, and / or a switch, push button or key, touchpad, or other possible input device, which the user can use to operate the contact unit.

[0065] In one embodiment, there is an option for the contact unit to have reverse polarity protection. Reverse polarity protection is understood to mean that, by design measures and / or implemented verification procedures, the first and second electrical contacts are prevented from being arbitrarily oriented relative to each other, particularly when the first and second electrical contacts are in contact with each other and / or located in very close proximity to each other, for example, while a conductive connection is established between the first and second electrical contacts and / or while the conductive connection between the first and second electrical contacts is disconnected.

[0066] Reverse polarity protection is designed to limit the multiple possible electrical connection configurations between the first and second electrical contacts, and / or between the first protective earth conductor contact and the second protective earth conductor contact, and / or between the first pilot control contact and the second control pilot contact, to a predetermined number, for example, strictly one possible connection configuration, or for example, strictly two possible connection configurations. Reverse polarity protection has the advantage that unintended electrical connections cannot occur, for example, in electrical connections where DC and / or DC voltages are used, in which case fault current and / or damage to the contact unit and / or connected components, or even injury to the user, may result.

[0067] In one embodiment, such reverse polarity protection may be such that, for example, the first connector has a shape that substantially complements the outer complementary shape of at least one section of the second connector in at least one section, where the shape and complementary shape are engaged with each other and are designed to predetermined the arrangement of the first connector relative to the second connector as a result of the engagement.

[0068] Another option for designing reverse polarity protection is, for example, to position the first and second electrical contacts in the first or second connection such that, in each case, the first and second electrical contacts can contact only each other, for example, in a predetermined connection configuration, and the first and second connection points are oriented in a manner appropriate to each other, for example, by selecting an arrangement of contacts that is asymmetric with respect to the contact axis. In addition or alternatively, this contact arrangement may also be provided using first and second protective earth conductor contacts and / or first and second control pilot contacts.

[0069] For example, when the first protective earth conductor contact and the second protective earth conductor contact are in contact with each other, there is an option to perform a check, for example, using a control program stored in the control unit, to determine whether and / or what kind of electrical connection exists between the first and second protective earth conductor contacts, for example, by detecting and evaluating the possible currents flowing between the first and second protective earth conductor contacts. In addition or alternatively, such a check may also be performed using the first and second electrical contacts and / or the first and second control pilot contacts. Based on the results of the check, a decision may be made, for example, regarding whether or not energy transfer can be performed by the contact unit.

[0070] The use of contact units is possible, for example, when recharging the batteries of a battery-powered electric vehicle.

[0071] In addition, a method for operating a contact unit is disclosed. The above method may also relate to establishing a high-current connection for recharging the battery of a battery-electric vehicle. For example, the above method can be performed using the above contact unit. The features described in relation to the contact unit may also be applied to the above method in connection therewith, and vice versa, the features of the above method may be applied to the contact unit.

[0072] The disclosed method consists of the following steps: The step of arranging a first connection including a first electrical contact and a second connection including a second electrical contact so that the first and second connections can move relative to each other along a contact axis extending in the contact direction, wherein the first connection is configurable relative to the second connection along the contact axis such that a first section of the first connection is ultimately in an idle position relative to the second connection; The step of positioning the first section of the first connection portion to the second connection portion in the idle position; and In the step of displacing the second section of the first connection part relative to the first section in the contact direction, as a result the second section of the first connection part and the second connection part lean against each other in the contact direction, and the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are in contact with each other. Includes.

[0073] The disclosed method further consists of the following steps: The step of moving the latch element to the latch position; The step of moving the latched element to the unlocked position; The step of activating the solenoid; and The step of deactivating the solenoid. This may include one or more of the following:

[0074] The disclosed method further consists of the following steps: The second electrical contact is moved by moving a contact protection and restoring element that is kinematically coupled to it; A step of providing contact force between the first and second electrical contacts; The step of opening the cover; and The stage of closing the cover This may include one or more of the following.

[0075] Similarly, the following steps, namely: The step of connecting the first connection part to the energy source; The step of connecting the second connection point to the energy source; The step of connecting the first connection part to the energy storage device; and The step of connecting the second connection to the energy storage device. One or more of these may be part of the method.

[0076] Furthermore, the potential methodological stages are: The stage for adjusting the temperature of the contact unit; The stage of providing a control signal; The stage of processing the sensor signal; The stage of providing communication signals; and The stage of processing communication signals Includes.

[0077] One possible application of an electrical contact unit is to establish an electrically conducting connection, or simply an electrical connection. An electrical connection can be used to conduct electric current. An electrical connection can be a high-current connection, where a high-current connection includes the possibility of conducting high currents.

[0078] An electrical contact unit may be used to establish an electrical connection between an electrical energy source and an electrical energy storage battery, or simply a battery. A battery is designed to store electrical energy. A battery is rechargeable. A battery can supply energy to a vehicle. The vehicle may be a battery-electric vehicle. This means that the vehicle or its components may operate using energy supplied by the battery.

[0079] Vehicles include, for example, motor-operated means of transport on land, water, air, and in space, such as cars, ships, or aircraft, as well as spacecraft. These may also be motor-operated equipment intended for movement, such as crane systems, conveyor belts, or other industrial transport systems, which may be found in some industrial plants. Vehicles may operate using human interaction, but may also operate autonomously, i.e., without human interaction, or be controlled by a control unit.

[0080] Electrical contact units can also be used in equipment not primarily intended for locomotion, such as electrical energy storage devices, however, they can be provided for both stationary and mobile operation. Use without an energy storage device is similarly conceivable, where, in such use, establishing a connection between the electrical energy source and the electrical energy sink may be important.

[0081] However, it is preferable to use an electrical contact unit to establish a high-current connection. A high-current connection can be used, for example, to recharge the battery of a battery-powered electric vehicle.

[0082] Exemplary embodiments are illustrated and described below with reference to the drawings. The drawings show the following: [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0083] [Figure 1]A schematic diagram of the contact unit is shown. [Figure 2] A schematic diagram of the first connector, designed as a plug, is shown. [Figure 3] A schematic diagram of the second connector, designed as a socket, is shown. [Figure 4] A schematic diagram of the first and second connection points, which are located at different positions relative to each other, is shown. [Figure 5] A schematic diagram of the first and second connection points, which are located at different positions relative to each other, is shown. [Figure 6] A schematic diagram of the tension-applying element is shown. [Figure 7] This shows a schematic diagram of the locking and unlocking of the second section of the first connection. [Figure 8] A schematic diagram of the first and second connection points is shown while an electrical connection is established between them. [Figure 9] A schematic diagram of the motion coupling between the contact restoration element and the second electrical contact is shown. [Figure 10] A schematic diagram of air induction for temperature control is shown. [Figure 11] A schematic diagram of an alternative air induction method for temperature control is shown. [Figure 12] A schematic diagram of an alternative air induction for temperature control, including the first and second connection points, is shown. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0084] Repeating elements in the figures are indicated by the same reference numerals, and are partially omitted, especially when no reference is made to these elements for a particular drawing. Furthermore, the exemplary embodiments shown are understood to represent only options for implementing the concept of the disclosed invention and are not intended to have any limiting effect. All illustrations are schematic only, unless this is always clearly pointed out. Details not addressed within the scope of this specification may be omitted in individual illustrations. The figures additionally include only those illustrations in which the first connection is assumed to be a plug and the second connection is a socket. However, the principles shown can be applied similarly when the first connection is a socket and the second connection is a plug.

[0085] Figure 1 shows a contact unit 1. The contact unit includes a first connector 100 and a second connector 200. The two connectors 100 and 200 are positioned and aligned with the contact axis 11, and are thus displaceable relative to each other in the contact direction 12 extending toward the contact axis 11. In Figure 1, the first connector 100 is positioned relative to the contact axis 11 such that the contact axis 11 extends through the center point of the first connector 100. Similarly, the second connector 200 is positioned relative to the contact axis 11 such that the contact axis 11 extends through the center point of the second connector 200.

[0086] Figure 1 further shows a Cartesian coordinate system 13, which has coordinate axes in the x, y, and z directions, where the coordinate axis in the y direction is oriented parallel to the contact axis 11. During operation of the contact unit 1, the first connector 100 can be at least partially inserted into the second connector 200, where the direction of displacement during insertion corresponds to the positive y direction. The first connector 100 is thus separated from the second connector 200 by displacing the first connector 100 relative to the second connector 200 in the negative y direction. The first connector 100 can be displaced relative to the second connector 200 by moving the first connector 100 and / or the second connector 200.

[0087] Figure 1 further illustrates a control unit 300. The control unit 300 may be, for example, a microcontroller, a programmable logic controller, a computer, an FPGA, or an electronic circuit. The control unit 300 may be designed as a single control unit 300. However, there is also the option for the control unit 300 to include multiple control units, for example, a first control unit 301 and a second control unit 302, as shown in Figure 1. The first control unit 301 and the second control unit 302 may be connected to communicate with each other, for example, by electrical connection. In the example shown in Figure 1, the first control unit 301 may be in a communication connection with the first connection unit 100. For this purpose, the control unit may be located externally, but may also be located internally within the first connection unit 100. For example, the first control unit 301 may be designed as a control unit for a charging station. In the example shown in Figure 1, the second control unit 302 may be in a communication connection with the second connection unit 200. For this purpose, the control unit may be located externally, but may also be located inside the second connection section 200. For example, the second control unit 302 may be designed as a vehicle control device. Communication between the first control unit 301 and the second control unit 302 may be established via an electrical connection, for example, an electrical connection established via the first control pilot contact 123 and the second control pilot contact 213. The first control unit 301 and the second control unit 302 may also communicate with each other via a wireless link. It is further conceivable that the first and second control units 301 and 302 may perform tasks independently of each other.

[0088] The control unit 300 may be used, for example, to output control signals to the first connection 100 and / or the second connection 200 to activate the actuator drive 141 (not shown in Figure 1), or to receive signals such as switching signals for an operating element 126 (not shown in Figure 1), which may be a switch, push button, or touchpad, or sensor signals for a limiting sensor, such as a micropush button, Hall sensor, or distance sensor. Other signals may relate to the position of the actuator drive 141, but may also relate to the temperature in the area surrounding the contact unit 1 and / or within the contact unit 1. Signals may be transmitted using control pilot contacts 123, 223 (not shown in Figure 1). The control unit 300 may provide a user interface through which the control unit 1 can operate. The control unit may also be used to control and monitor the charging process, for example, regarding temperature or current intensity, such as whether operating limits are being observed. Using a control unit, the operation of the contact unit 1 can be automated, for example, by communicating a method for operating the contact unit 1, which functions as a program, within the control unit 300. Such a method may include, for example, one or more steps, namely, a step of evaluating the sensor signal, a step of providing a control signal to the actuator drive 141, a step of activating the solenoid 124, a step of deactivating the solenoid 124, a step of connecting the first connector 100 to an energy source, a step of connecting the second connector 200 to an energy source, a step of connecting the first connector 100 to an energy reservoir, a step of connecting the second connector 200 to an energy reservoir, a step of opening the cover, a step of closing the cover, a step of providing a communication signal, and a step of processing the communication signal. The control unit 300 may further include an interface for communication. It is conceivable that the control unit 300 receives data and / or control signals via the interface for communication. Thus, the control unit 300 can also be designed to be remotely controllable.The program of the control unit 300 can also be modified via a communication interface.

[0089] Figures 2a to 2d: Each shows a schematic diagram of the first connector 100, which is designed as a plug 100.

[0090] The first connection 100 in Figure 2a includes a first section 101 and a second section 102. In particular, the surface 102a of the second section 102 is visible in this illustration, representing the end face 102a of the second section 102, which is oriented substantially perpendicular to the contact direction 12. The first protective earth conductor contact 122, the solenoid 124, and the first pilot control contact 123 are located on this end face 102a. The end face 102a has a recess 130 from which the first protective earth conductor contact 122 protrudes, for example, perpendicular to the end face 102a. In this example, the first protective earth conductor contact 122 is substantially cylindrical. Furthermore, a projection 132 is visible, behind which (hidden by the projection 132 in this figure) is the first electrical contact 121. As a result, direct contact with the first electrical contact 121 becomes more difficult. The second section 102 is configured to be at least partially enclosed by the first section 101 on a surface other than the end face 102a, is movable within the first section 101, and is further formed in such a manner that the first section 101 can guide the second section 102 during movement in the contact direction 12.

[0091] Furthermore, the retaining device 190, as is evident in Figure 2a, is attached to the first section 101 using a plurality of spacers 191. The retaining device 190 is rod-shaped in some sections and is designed to at least partially surround the first section 101. This design is advantageous because the rod shape can be grasped by a human hand, allowing for simple operation of the first connection 100. The gripping ability of the retaining device 190 is supported in that a space is formed between the first section 101 and the retaining device 190 as a result of the use of spacers 191, which create a substantially rigid connection between the retaining device 190 and the first section 101. On the other hand, it is also evident that in other embodiments, the retaining device 190 may be implemented in a different manner, for example, by a recess in the first section 101.

[0092] Figure 2b shows a side view of the first connection 100 of Figure 2a. The contact axis 11 extending along the contact direction 12 is evident. The retaining edge 131, latch element 111, and locking recess 110 are also shown. The retaining edge 131, latch element 111, latch recess 111a, and locking recess 110 are designed to predetermine the arrangement of the first connection 100 in relation to the second connection 200. The retaining edge 131 may also function as a sealing element. For example, the retaining edge may be made of a sealing material such as rubber. In this figure, the second section 102 is at least partially surrounded by the first section 101 in such a way that its end face 102a is located outside the area surrounded by the first section 101. In this illustration, the second section 102 is positioned such that the first electrical contact 121 located in the second section 102 is obscured by the first section 101, making manual contact with the first electrical contact 121 by a potential user at least more difficult. In the shown embodiment, the first protective earth conductor contact 122 does not protrude beyond the end face 102a of the second section 102.

[0093] Figure 2c shows an isometric view of the first connection 100 from Figures 2a and 2b. Multiple sides 101a of the first section 101 are visible, and it can be seen that the latch recess 111a and lock recess 110 of the latch element 111 are located on each of the sides 101a in each case. In this illustration, the second section 102 is in the locked position, where movement of the second section 102 relative to the first section 101 is prevented. In the locked position, the first connection 100 can be moved, for example, without the first section 101 and the second section 102 making undesirable movements relative to each other, for example, without creating a situation where the first section 101 does not obscure the first electrical contact 121.

[0094] Figure 2d shows an isometric view of the first connection 100 from Figure 2c in a situation where the second section 102 is not in the locked position but is in the unlocked position. The second section 102 protrudes beyond the first section 101 in such a manner that the first electrical contact 121 is not obscured by the first section 101. The first electrical contact 121 is positioned on each of the sides 102b of the second section 102. The first electrical contact 121 has an extended shape, but does not necessarily have a rectangular base and a bowl-shaped projection with a curved shape, for example, a hemispherical shape at one end. This curvature allows for a contact process that enables better sliding compared to a more angular shape. In addition, it is possible to better predict and reproduce the quality of the electrical connection that can be established by this contact. To establish the electrical connection, the first electrical contact 121 includes a conductive material such as copper, aluminum, a carbon-based electrical conductor, or a metal alloy.

[0095] Figure 2d shows the latch element 111 in the latched position. It is also clear that the latch element 111 is located on either the side 101a of the first section 101 or the side 102b of the second section 102. Thus, uniform latching is possible, and consequently, uniform distribution of force in the first connector 100, which may be necessary to hold the first connector 100 in a certain position. In addition to the above figures, Figure 2d shows an operating element 126, for example, a switch or push button, which can perform an action, such as initiating the establishment of an electrical connection between the first connector 100 and the second connector 200. This operating element 126 may be mounted, for example, on a retaining device 190. Alternatively or simultaneously, the operating element 126 may be mounted on the first and / or second connectors 100, 200, or on an operating unit or control unit not shown herein, in different preferred positions, thereby enabling automated operating and / or switching operations.

[0096] Figures 3a to 3f show schematic diagrams of a second connector 200 designed as a socket 200. The second connector 200 may be designed to cooperate with the first connector 100 in Figures 2a to 2d. The first connector 100 and the second connector 200 may then be configured such that they have shapes that are at least partially complementary to each other, and such that, for example, the first connector 100 can be at least partially displaced into or from the cavity 203 defined by the second connector 200. The first connector 100 can then be guided during displacement by the boundary of the second connector 200.

[0097] Figure 3a shows the second connection portion 200 in a front view. The end face 201a on which the sealing element 204 is located is visible. Furthermore, the four sides 202 of the second connection portion 200 are shown, with the inner definition visible, which encompasses the surfaces of the contact restoration element 240 and the magnet counter element 224. The end face 201a and the inner definition are oriented substantially perpendicular to the contact axis 11 (not shown in Figure 3a) which extends in the contact direction 12 (not shown in Figure 3a). The sides 202 are arranged to extend substantially parallel to the contact axis 11. In an alternative embodiment, the opposing sides 202 are not oriented parallel to each other, but for example, an arrangement of sides 202 that extend conically toward each other is also possible. The side surface 101a of the first section 101 of the first connector 100 and / or the side surface 102b of the second section 102 of the first connector 100 can be oriented substantially parallel to the side surface 202 of the second connector. In this way, cooperation between the first and second connectors 100, 200 can be enabled.

[0098] The plane of the end face 201a, the inner defining portion, and the side surface 202 of the second connection define the cavity 203 of the second connection. In the shown embodiment, this cavity 203 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped design, which can also be considered as a cylindrical design with a square or, more generally, rectangular base. The cavity 203 may also have a cylindrical design with a base that is not rectangular. For example, a base having three, five, or more corners, which may be rounded or chamfered, or, for example, a non-linear defining portion of the base. The side surface 202 of the second connection 200 must then be adapted to the base in a manner that, in terms of their geometric shape, results from the corresponding cylindrical design. Beyond the cylindrical shape, for example, a conical tapering of the cavity 203 along the contact axis 11 is also conceivable. The first connector 100 may also have a design that deviates from the shape shown in Figures 2a to 2d, insofar as its surfaces 101a and 102b are adapted in terms of dimensions and orientation to the cavity 203 of the second connector, so that the first connector 100 can be at least partially inserted into the cavity 203 of the second connector 200.

[0099] Additionally, Figure 3a shows a second protective earth conductor contact 222 positioned in the inner definition, each of which is positioned on a projection 230. The shown projection 230 can be oriented so as to be positioned opposite to the recess 130 of the first connection 100 when the first connection 100 is inserted into the cavity 203 of the second connection 200, thereby enabling engagement with it. The recess 130 of the first connection 100 and the projection 230 of the second connection 200 can complement each other. In addition, a magnetic counter element 224 is shown in Figure 2a, which here takes the form of a magnetic counter plate 224 made of a magnetic or magnetizable material such as iron. Here, the magnetic counter plate 224 has the shape of a circular cylinder, here different cylinder bases such as polygonal or different shaped bases are also conceivable. A second control pilot contact may be positioned on the magnetic counter element. Also shown is a locking element 210 positioned on the side 202.

[0100] Figure 3b shows the second connection from Figure 3a in a side view. Figure 3b includes an illustration of the second electrical contact 221 positioned around the cavity 203, which is not visible in this illustration. Furthermore, the basic structure 201 of the second connection 200 is visible in this illustration. This can be used to define the second connection 200 at least partially with respect to the surrounding area. This definition can be used both to provide electrical insulation between the surrounding area of ​​the conductive component of the second connection 200, e.g., the second electrical contact 221, and to protect the second connection 200 from moisture and / or other environmental factors, e.g., dust, vapor or undesirable mechanical forces. The basic structure 201 also functions as a central support component used to mount the second connection 200 to surrounding vehicle parts or equipment components, thereby further mounting of components of the second connection 200 thereto. In addition, Figure 3b shows the contact axis 11 in the direction relative to the second connection 200, in which case the second connection 200 can be coupled to the first connection 100. Also, Figure 3b shows the arrangement of the electrical conductor 227 connected to the second electrical contact 221. The electrical conductor 227 is designed to conduct large currents, for example, up to 1600A, preferably 1900A, and particularly preferably 3000A. An electrical connection capable of conducting such a current may be a high-current connection, or may be referred to as a high-current connection without any time limit, for example or in particular. An electrical connection that can be established by the first electrical contact 121 being in contact with the second electrical contact 221 may be a high-current connection. Furthermore, an electrical connection may be established using the electrical conductor 227 between the second electrical contact 221 and, for example, an electrical energy storage device (not shown). The current may be, for example, direct current. However, alternating current is also possible.

[0101] Figure 3c shows the second connector 200 shown in Figures 3a and 3b in a slight perspective view. The second connector 200 can be seen in either the state where the first connector 100 is not inserted into the second connector 200 or in the stationary position. In this state, the second electrical contact 221 (not visible in Figure 3c) is hidden by the contact restoring element 240. Therefore, manual contact with the second electrical contact 221, for example by the user, becomes at least more difficult in this state.

[0102] Figure 3d shows a side perspective view of the second connection 200 from Figure 3c. A second protective earth conductor contact 222 is shown, which is positioned in a drilled hole 231 of a projection 230 provided for this purpose and has a conical shape. The second protective earth conductor contact 222 is movably positioned and can be pushed against a preloading element 222a of the second protective earth conductor contact 222, for example, a mechanical spring, so as to move away from the cavity 203 of the second connection 200. The above pushing away can be implemented, for example, together with the first protective earth conductor contact 122 of the first connection 100 which protrudes from the recess 130. The preloading element 222a of the second protective earth conductor contact 222 is designed to exert a force directed toward the cavity 203 of the second connection 200, for example, a spring force depending on how many springs are pushed together against the second protective earth conductor contact 222. Using the preload force, the position of the second protective earth conductor contact 222 can be adjusted, in particular, when the first connection 100 is not located on the second connection 200, or is located there at least partially, or is in a stationary position. Figure 3d shows such a position where the second protective earth conductor contact 222 is coplanar with the projection 230.

[0103] Similarly, it is clear that the contact restoring element 240 spatially isolates the second electrical contact 221 from the cavity 203. On the side facing the cavity 203, the contact restoring element 240 is formed to be in contact with the second section 102 of the first connection 100 over a large surface area, thereby exerting a displacement force on the second section 102. This displacement force may be provided by a preloading element 240a of the contact restoring element 240, where the preloading element 240a may similarly be a mechanical spring, which in Figure 3d is located on the side of the contact restoring element 240 facing away from the cavity 203.

[0104] The contact restoring element 240 is kinematically coupled to the second electrical contact 221, where the kinematic coupling includes a connecting element 241 firmly connected to the contact restoring element, and a displacement element 242 that is movable perpendicular to the contact direction 12. The displacement element 242 is further connected to the second electrical contact 221, which in Figure 3d is positioned on the displacement element 242 and is thereby movable by an elastic element 243, which in this case is a disc spring. The second electrical contact 221 is connected to an electrical conductor 227, which may be flexible and is designed, for example, as a strand. The second electrical contact 221 may be a power contact, which is designed to conduct high power and / or current, for example, up to 1600A, preferably 1900A, and particularly preferably up to 3000A.

[0105] The connection between the rigid connecting component 241 and the movable displacement element 242 may be achieved by a rotary bearing 244 (not shown here), which is located in a guide groove 245 (not shown here) of the displacement element 242 and connected to the connecting component 241, such as a ball bearing 244. In principle, a guide pin in the guide groove 245 can also be considered instead of the rotary bearing 244. However, the rotary bearing 244 offers the advantages of improved maneuverability and lower friction. In addition, the movable displacement element 242 is limited to movement perpendicular to the contact axis 11, which is performed by a displaceable guide cylinder 246 in the guide drill hole.

[0106] Figure 3d further shows a recess 211 of the first connector 100 that can engage with the latch element 111, so that the latch element 111 is in a latched position, preventing the first section 101 of the first connector 100 from moving relative to the second connector 200. Also shown in Figure 3d is a locking element 210, which here has a shape divided into three interconnected cylindrical sections and is elastically attached to the (invisible) second connector 200 in such a way that the locking element 210 does not essentially protrude from a particular side wall 202, except when engaging with the locking recess 110 of the first connector 100 during insertion of the first connector 100 into the cavity 203 of the second connector 200.

[0107] Figure 3e shows the second connection portion 200 from Figures 3a to 3d, with the second electrical contacts 221 each protruding from the side wall 202 into the cavity 203, and thus visible in the illustration. The locking element 210 is similarly visible, and in this state, it protrudes from a particular side wall 202 into the cavity 203 of the second connection portion.

[0108] Figure 3f shows the second connection 200 from Figure 3e in a side view, similar to the illustration in Figure 3d. In contrast to Figure 3d, the second connection 200 may be seen with the second section 102 (not shown in the figure) of the first connection 100 inserted into the cavity 203 of the second connection 200 to its end position. In this state, the contact restoring element 240 is displaced in a direction away from the cavity 203, and as a result, the second electrical contact 221 is not obscured by the contact restoring element 240. The connection element 241 is displaced in the contact direction by the contact restoring element 240. The coupled movable displacement element 242 also displaces the second electrical contact 221 perpendicular to the contact direction 12 in such a way that the end of the second electrical contact 221 facing the cavity 203 protrudes into the cavity 203. The second protective earth conductor contact 222 is similarly displaced. In this state, the preload element 222a of the second protective earth conductor contact 222 and the preload element 240a of the contact restoration element 240 provide preload force.

[0109] Figures 4a to 4d show schematic diagrams of the first connection part 100 and the second connection part 200 at different positions relative to each other. In particular, the way in which the different elements of the contact unit 1 cooperate becomes clear.

[0110] Figure 4a schematically shows the first connection 100 and the second connection 200 in two-dimensional projection. The first connection 100 and the second connection 200 are oriented along the contact axis 11. The contact axis 11 is oriented in the y-direction of coordinate system 13. The coordinate axes in the z-direction and x-direction are oriented perpendicular to the contact axis 11 in each case. The schematic diagram in Figure 4a is simplified to assume symmetry with respect to the contact axis 11. For this reason, only half of the two-dimensional projection is shown, as the other half is a result of the assumed symmetry of the projection.

[0111] Therefore, Figure 4a shows the first section 101, the second section 102, and the tensioning element 143 of the first connection 100. Also shown are the lock recess 110 and the latch element 111. Similarly, the first contact 121, the first protective earth conductor contact 122, and the solenoid 124 are shown. Furthermore, the basic structure 201, the latch recess 211, and the lock element 210 of the second connection 200 are shown. In addition, there is the contact restoration element 240, the preload element 240a of the contact restoration element 240, the second contact 221, the preload element 243 of the second contact 221, and the second protective earth conductor contact 222 of the second connection 200. Additionally, the first control pilot contact 123 and the second control pilot contact 223 are shown in Figure 4a.

[0112] In Figure 4a, the first connector 100 is positioned outside the second connector 200. However, the first and second connectors 100, 200 are in a position to be movable relative to each other on the contact axis 11 and can be pushed toward each other. With respect to the coordinate system 13, proceeding from the configuration in Figure 4a, the first connector 100 can be at least partially inserted into the second connector 200 by displacing the first connector 100 in the direction of the positive y-coordinate. In Figure 4a, the latch element 111 is in a position that does not protrude from the side surface 101a of the first section 101 in a direction perpendicular to the contact direction. This position of the latch element 111 (which cannot be directly obtained from the illustration) is also the unlocked position and the locked position. It is the unlocked position because the first and second connectors 100, 200 are not latched to each other in this way, i.e., they can move relative to each other. It is the locked position because the second section 102 cannot move relative to the first section 101. It is further evident that the first electrical contact 121 is concealed by the first section 101 of the first connection 100, and that the second electrical contact 221 is concealed by the contact restoring element 240 and therefore inaccessible from the cavity 203. The contact restoring element 240 is pushed toward the cavity 203 by the preloading element 240a of the contact restoring element 240. The movement of the contact restoring element 240 is limited by the projection in the basic structure 201 in Figure 4a.

[0113] Figure 4a further shows an actuator 140 including an actuator drive 141, such as an electric motor, an actuator connector 142, such as a threaded rod, and a tensioning element 143. The actuator drive 141 is designed to move the actuator connector 142 in the y-direction. The actuator connector 142 is coupled to the tensioning element 143, for example, by a screw connection. The actuator drive 141 is designed to be controllable, so that the position of the tensioning element 143 in the y-direction can be adjusted via control of the actuator drive 141. The actuator drive 141 may be located in a fixed section, or the same may be formed at least partially using, for example, an actuator drive housing. The actuator connector 142 and the tensioning element 143 may form a movable section, where the movable section is arranged to be movable relative to a fixed section. The fixed section is firmly connected to the first section 101.

[0114] The illustration in Figure 4b is substantially identical to the illustration in Figure 4a, the only difference being that the first connection portion 100 is in the idle position here. In this idle position, the locking element 210 is engaged with the locking recess 110. Conversely, the locking element 210 and the locking recess 110 can define the idle position as a result of the engagement. Figure 4b further shows an idle position sensor 112, which is omitted in the other figures for clarity. The idle position sensor 112 is used to determine whether the first connection portion 100 is in the idle position or not. As shown in Figure 4b, the idle position sensor may be located in multiple positions, for example, in or inside the basic structure 201 of the second connection portion 200, or in or inside the first section 101 of the first connection portion 100. In addition, various embodiments are possible, for example, as a micropush button operated by contact between the first and second connection parts 100, 200, or as a Hall sensor optionally including opposing magnets, or as an eddy current sensor that can thereby determine the distance between the surfaces of the first and second connection parts 100, 200 in each case. The signal provided by the aforementioned sensor 112 can be processed in the control unit 300 (Figure 1). The second electrical contact 221 is hidden by the contact restoring element 240 and is therefore not accessible from the cavity 203.

[0115] The illustration in Figure 4c shows a different position of the tension-applying element 143 compared to the illustration in Figure 4b. The shape of the latch element 111 matches the shape of the tension-applying element 143. As a result, the latch element 111 can be displaced by the displacement of the tension-applying element 143. The displacement of the tension-applying element 143 is possible using an actuator drive 141 connected to the tension-applying element 143 via an actuator connector 142.

[0116] In Figure 4c, the latch element 111 is inserted into the recess 211 in the second connection 200. The first section 101 is therefore positioned so as not to be displaceable in the second connection 200. This means that the first section 101 cannot move relative to the second connection 200. However, movement of the second section 102 relative to the first section 101 is possible at this position (not visible in Figure 4c). At the indicated position of the tensioning element 143, the tensioning element 143 and the solenoid 124 are in contact with each other on surfaces oriented substantially perpendicular to the contact direction 12 in each case, and as a result, a displacement force in the positive y-direction can be exerted on the solenoid 124 by the tensioning element 143. Since the solenoid 124 is firmly connected to the second section 102, the displacement force also acts on the second section 102 of the first connection 100. The second electrical contact 221 is hidden by the contact restoration element 240 and is therefore not accessible from the cavity 203.

[0117] In contrast to the illustration in Figure 4c, the tension-applying element 143 in Figure 4d is further displaced in the positive y-direction. As a result of the displacement of the tension-applying element 143, the second section 102 is also displaced in the positive y-direction, which then displaces the contact restoring element 240 in the positive y-direction with respect to the preloading force of the preloading element 240a of the contact restoring element 240. The displacement of the contact restoring element 240 does not cause the second electrical contact 221 to be further obscured by the contact restoring element 240. The second electrical contact 221 can now move in the z-direction to the extent that it contacts the first electrical contact 121. At this position where the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 are in contact with each other, an electrical connection exists between the first connection 100 and the second connection 200, and as a result, a current can be conducted through the contact unit 1. The movement of the second electrical contact 221 may be performed as a result of a preload force, which is applied to the second electrical contact by the mechanical spring 243 shown in Figure 4d, or, for example, through the motion coupling between the contact restoring element 240 and the second electrical contact 221. At the position of the second section 102 shown in Figure 4d, the solenoid 124 and the magnetic counterplate 224 together can provide an attractive force when the solenoid 124 is active in such a way that current is supplied in their coil windings. The flow of current in the coil windings may be provided by a current source electrically connected to the coil windings, which can be switched on and / or switched off using a switch, for example. The switch can be actuated by a control unit 300 (not shown). The switch may also be actuated manually. For example, the switch may be provided as an operating element 126 in the holding device 190, or using a user interface, thereby allowing the user to influence the function of the contact unit 1.

[0118] The illustrations shown in Figures 4a to 4d also show the sequence in which the steps of the method can be performed, thereby enabling the establishment of an electrical contact between the first connection 100 and the second connection 200.

[0119] The illustrations shown in Figures 5a to 5d have options for the sequence in which the steps of the method can be performed, thereby allowing the electrical connection between the first connector 100 and the second connector 200 to be disconnected. Figures 5a to 5d show schematic diagrams of the first and second connectors 100 and 200, each located at a different position relative to one another.

[0120] The illustration in Figure 5a is the same as the illustration in Figure 4d. In contrast to Figure 4d, the tension-applying element 143 in Figure 5a is positioned away from the solenoid 124; however, the latch element 111 is engaged with the first section 101 of the first connector 100 and the recess 211 of the second connector 200. The first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 are in contact with each other, i.e., a conductive connection exists between them, and as a result, current can be conducted through the contact unit 1. When the solenoid 124 is active, the tension-applying element 143 can be positioned away from the solenoid 124 because the position of the second section 102 relative to the second connector 200 is maintained by the magnetic attraction between the solenoid 124 and the magnetic counter element 224.

[0121] However, when the solenoid 124 is switched to an inactive state, the magnetic attraction between the solenoid 124 and the magnet counter element 224 ceases to exist, for example, by interrupting the flow of current through the coil winding of the solenoid 124. As a result of the preload force of the preload element 240a of the contact restoring element 240, a restoring force is exerted on the second section 102 via the contact restoring element 240, and as a result, this section is displaced in the negative y direction.

[0122] The result of the above movement is shown in Figure 5b. The movement of the second section 102 is limited by the tension-applying element 143. As shown in Figure 5b, the electrical connection between the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 is disconnected as a result of this movement, due to the two contacts 121 and 221 being positioned apart from each other. The second electrical contact 221 is hidden by the contact restoring element 240 and is therefore not accessible from the cavity 203. Figure 5b also shows that the movement of the contact restoring element 240 in the negative y direction is limited by the stopper in the basic structure 201.

[0123] Figure 5c shows the tension-applying element 143 of the first connection 100 in a position displaced in the negative y-direction compared to Figure 5b. In this position, the latch element 111, kinematically coupled to the tension-applying element 143, reaches the unlocked position, where the first section 101 becomes movable relative to the second connection 200, and at the same time, movement of the second section 102 relative to the first section 101 is also prevented; in this sense, the unlocked position is also the locked position. The tension-applying element 143 and the solenoid 124 are no longer in contact with each other. Figure 5c is similar to Figure 4b, i.e., this arrangement of the elements of the contact unit 1 can occur both when an electrical connection is established and when an electrical connection is disconnected.

[0124] The first connection portion 100 can here be separated from the second connection portion 200 by displacement along the contact direction 12, or more precisely, in the negative y direction. The result of the above separation is shown in Figure 5d. Figure 5d is similar to Figure 4a, that is, this arrangement of the elements of the contact unit 1 can occur both when an electrical connection is established and when an electrical connection is disconnected.

[0125] Figures 6a and 6b show schematic diagrams of the tension-applying element 143. Figure 6a is an isometric view, and Figure 6b shows a side view of the tension-applying element 143. The tension-applying element 143 includes a curved tension-applying disk 148 containing a drilled hole 149 and a longitudinal element, each provided with a guide groove 144. Figure 6b shows the coordinate system 13. The guide groove 144 includes three sections 145, 146, and 147, which are particularly visible in Figure 6b. These are an extended section 146 extending in the y-direction, a short section 147 extending in the y-direction, and a transition section 146 connecting the extended section 145 and the short section 147. The long section 145 and the short section 147 are positioned parallel to each other and offset. The guide groove 144 is designed to guide the guide pin 150 (shown in Figures 6c and 6d) of the latch element 111 (not shown here). When the tension-applying element 143 is displaced in the y-direction, the guide pin 150, which is positioned in and guided by the guide groove 144, moves in the z-direction. The exact position of the guide pin 150 in the z-direction is predetermined by the position of the tension-applying element in the y-direction. Thus, the latch element 111, which is firmly connected to the guide pin 150, can be moved in the z-direction. The tension-applying disk 148 and the drilled hole 149 can be used to connect the tension-applying element 143 to an actuator drive 141, such as a linear motor, via an actuator connector 142 (not shown here), such as a threaded rod, for example, by pushing the threaded rod through the drilled hole 149 and attaching it there by a screw connection.

[0126] Figures 6c to 6d show schematic diagrams of the motion coupling between the tension-applying element 143 and the latch element 111. The coordinate system 13 in Figure 6b can be applied to Figures 6c and 6d with necessary modifications. For example, it is clear that a guide pin 150, which has a cylindrical shape and can be firmly connected to the latch element 111 and whose cylindrical axis can be oriented in the x-direction, is located in the guide groove 144. Figure 6c shows the position of the tension-applying element 143 with the guide pin 150 positioned in a short section 147 of the guide groove 144. Here, the latch element 111 does not protrude from the first section 101 of the first connection 100. In Figure 6d, the tension-applying element 143 is displaced in such a way that the guide pin 150 is positioned at one end of the extension 145 of the guide groove 144. The guide pin 150 is displaced in the z-direction such that a latch element 111, to which it is firmly coupled, protrudes from the first section 101 of the first connection portion 100.

[0127] Figures 7a to 7b show schematic diagrams of locking and unlocking the second section 102 of the first connector 100. Compared with those shown in Figures 6a to 6d, Figures 7a and 7b show the second section 102 of the first connector 100, along with other details omitted or hidden in the illustration. The second section 102 includes a lock guide groove 151 from which a guide pin 150 protrudes. The lock guide groove 151 includes a release portion 152 extending in the y-direction and a lock portion 153 extending in the z-direction.

[0128] When the guide pin 150 is in the position shown in Figure 6c, which results from the position of the tension-applying element 143, the position of the guide pin 150 relative to the locking guide groove 151 corresponds to the position shown in Figure 7a. This means that the guide pin 150 is positioned within the locking portion 153 of the locking guide groove 151. In this position, the locking guide groove 151 and the guide pin 150 prevent the second section 102 of the first connector 100 from becoming movable in the y-direction. As a result, as shown in Figure 7a, the second section 102 cannot slip out from the first section 101 of the first connector 100 which partially surrounds the second section 102. In addition, the first electrical contact 121 is hidden by the first section 101 of the first connector 100 and is therefore guaranteed to be inaccessible by manual contact. This feature therefore allows the safety requirements to be met.

[0129] When the guide pin 150 is in the position shown in Figure 6d, which is a result of the position of the tension-applying element 143, the position of the guide pin 150 relative to the lock guide groove 151 corresponds to the position shown in Figure 7b. This means that the guide pin 150 is positioned within the release portion 152 of the lock guide groove 151. In this position, movement of the second section 102 of the first connector 100 in the y-direction is permitted, and as a result, it becomes possible to establish, for example, an electrical connection between the first and second connectors 100 and 200.

[0130] Figures 8a to 8c show schematic diagrams of the first and second connection parts 100 and 200 while an electrical connection is established between them. The figures show various cross-sectional views and details at different levels. Figure 8a shows the first connection part 100 in the idle position. This position corresponds to the position shown in Figure 4c. Furthermore, the first protective earth conductor contact 122 of the first connection part 100 and the second protective earth conductor contact 222 of the second connection part 200 are revealed, and they are not in contact with each other in this position.

[0131] Figure 8b shows the second section 102 displaced in the contact direction 12, i.e., the y-direction, particularly the positive y-direction, in comparison with Figure 8a. The second section 102 is in contact with the contact restoring element 240, where the displacement of the second section 102 displaces the contact restoring element 240. The second electrical contact 102 is therefore no longer obscured by the contact restoring element 240. Furthermore, the movement of the contact restoring element 240 is transmitted to the displacement element 242 via the connecting element 241, and as a result, the displacement element 242 may be seen in Figure 8b at a position where the second electrical contact 221 connected to the displacement element 242 is displaced in the direction of the first electrical contact 121. It is clear that there is no electrical connection yet between the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221, while the first protective earth conductor contact 122 and the second protective earth conductor contact 222 are in contact with each other, i.e., an electrical connection is established between them.

[0132] Figure 8c shows the second section 102 displaced in the contact direction 12, i.e., the y-direction, specifically the positive y-direction, in comparison with Figure 8b. It is clear how the projection 230 of the second connector 100 engages with the recess in the second section 102 of the first connector 100. The first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 are in contact with each other here, and as a result, an electrical connection exists through which high current can be conducted.

[0133] Figures 9a and 9b show schematic diagrams of the motion coupling between the contact restoring element 240 and the second electrical contact 221, as used in the contact unit 1 of Figures 8a to 8c. Figure 9a shows a rotary bearing 244, such as a ball bearing, provided to the connecting element 241 by a strong connection between the inner ring of the rotary bearing 244 and the connecting element 241. This means that when the connecting element 241 is displaced in the y-direction by the displacement of the contact restoring element 240 in the y-direction, for example, the rotary bearing 244 is simultaneously displaced in the y-direction. Each of the rotary bearings 244 protrudes into a section of the guide groove 245 of the displacement element 242, as is evident in Figure 9b. Each section of the guide groove 245 is configured such that each rotary bearing 244 can perform an extensional movement relative to the guide groove 245 in the y-direction, and less extension, i.e., a shorter movement, in the z-direction. The ratio of extensional movement to short-range movement is proportional to the force transmission ratio between the displacement force acting on the force restoring element 240 and the force engaged at the second electrical contact 221 and acting in the direction of the first electrical contact 121.

[0134] The displacement element 242 further has a fixed position in the y-direction. This fixed position is implemented by a guide drill hole (invisible) in the z-direction introduced into the displacement element 242, and a guide cylinder 246 fixed to the basic structure 201 along which the displacement element 242 can move. As a result of this design, when the contact restoring element 240 moves in the y-direction, this movement allows for deformation of the displacement element 242 in the z-direction.

[0135] Figures 10a to 10c each show schematic diagrams of air induction for temperature control. First, Figure 10a will be described. For example, incoming air 184 is supplied to the air inlet opening 180 using a pressurized air reservoir fluidically connected to the air inlet opening 180, or, for example, a compressor or blower fluidically connected to the air inlet opening 180. In this example, the air inlet opening 180 is located on the surface of the second section 102 of the first connection 100, which is positioned opposite the end face 102a (not visible). Through the air inlet opening 180, the incoming air 184 reaches the air induction channel 181, from which the air proceeds and spreads into the air distributor 182. Before flowing out of the air distributor 182, it is the task of the air distributor 182 to distribute the incoming air 184 in the first connection 100 in such a manner that the outgoing air 185, i.e., the air flowing out of the air distributor 182 at the air outlet opening 183, is provided to the first electrical contact 121 in a manner that is distributed as evenly as possible spatially. After outgoing, the outgoing air 185 passes over the first electrical contact 121 and absorbs any heat that may be generated due to current conduction in the first electrical contact 121. As a result, the first electrical contact 121 is cooled and the air is heated. Figure 10a further shows an electrical conductor 160 connected to the first electrical contact 121. The electrical conductor 160 is designed to conduct large currents, for example, up to 1600A, preferably 1900A, and particularly preferably 3000A. An electrical connection can be established, for example, between the first electrical contact 121 and an electrical energy source or electrical energy sink using the electrical conductor 160.

[0136] Figure 10b shows the design shown in Figure 10a in a similar perspective view. Compared to Figure 10a, additional arrows are shown, which are intended to mark the outflowing air 185. It is clear that the outflowing air 185 flows out from the air outlet opening 183 adjacent to the first electrical contact 121. The direction of exit is substantially perpendicular to the contact axis 11.

[0137] Figure 10c shows a side view of the design from Figure 10b, where the first electrical contact 121 is also frequently seen. In addition, Figure 10c also shows, for example, a temperature sensor 186 capable of detecting the temperature in the area surrounding the first electrical contact 121 and providing the detected temperature to the control unit 300, for example, as a corresponding signal. The temperature sensor may also be placed in another location within the first connection 100, for example, in or inside the air induction channel 181, in or inside the air distributor 182, or in the electrical conductor 160. One possible criterion for placing the temperature sensor may be that conclusions can be drawn from the measured temperature regarding, for example, whether the material-based temperature limit of the material used in the contact unit has been exceeded or fallen below. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor 186 can be provided to the control unit 300 as a signal.

[0138] Figures 11a and 11b show schematic diagrams of alternative air induction for temperature control. In contrast to the embodiments shown in Figures 10a to 10c, the air outlet opening 183 is here directed such that the outflowing air 185 flows out at an angle inclined with respect to the contact axis 11, rather than perpendicular to the contact axis 11, and as a result the direction of airflow has a component in the direction of the contact axis 11. In this way, the outflowing air 185 is more deliberately conducted to the first electrical contact 121. The cooling effect of the outflowing air 185 can therefore be improved. Figure 11a shows this embodiment in a perspective view, and Figure 11b shows it in a side view.

[0139] Figures 12a and 12b show schematic diagrams of alternative air induction for temperature control, including first and second connectors 100 and 200. Figure 12a shows the first and second connectors 100 and 200 in relative positions, where electrical connections exist between them. The first connector 100 corresponds to the first connector 100 from Figures 11a and 11b. Here, the outflowing air 185 is conducted through the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221, and the heat generated can be absorbed. The outflowing air 185 then reaches the cavity 203 (not shown) and can then leave the cavity 203 through the orifice and flow out as exhaust gas 250.

[0140] Figure 12b shows this from a side perspective view. In addition, Figure 12b also shows, as an example, a temperature sensor 251 capable of detecting the temperature in the area surrounding the second electrical contact 221 and providing the detected temperature to the control unit 300, for example, as a corresponding signal. For example, the control unit 300 may also control the current intensity of the current flowing through the electrical connection between the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 as a function of the detected temperature value, for example, such that the current intensity decreases when the temperature is close to a predetermined upper limit. In this application, there is also an option for the control unit 300 to output a signal, and based on this option, more air and / or more coolant for cooling the contact unit 1 is provided. The temperature sensor 251 may also be placed in another location within the second connection part 200, for example, in or inside the cavity 203, or in the electrical conductor 227. One possible criterion for placing a temperature sensor might be that the measured temperature can be used to draw conclusions, for example, regarding whether the material-based temperature limits of the materials used in the contact unit have been exceeded or exceeded.

[0141] Contact unit 1 may be used to connect a rechargeable battery bank in a vehicle to an energy source. For this purpose, the first electrical contact 121 of the first connection 100 may be electrically connected to an electrical conductor 160 located in the first connection 100, and through the same, to an electrical energy source. Similarly, the second electrical contact 221 of the second connection 200 may be electrically connected to an electrical conductor 227 located within the second connection 200, and through the same, to, for example, a rechargeable battery bank.

[0142] Electrical energy in the form of current can also be conducted from an energy reservoir, which then functions as an energy source to the supply network, and then represents an energy sink through contact unit 1, for example, to stabilize the power network or a portion of the power network and / or, more generally, to provide power to the energy reservoir that is favorable to the network. For this purpose, the supply network may be electrically connected to, for example, a first electrical contact 121, and the energy reservoir may be electrically connected to a second electrical contact 221. For example, it is conceivable that the power network is electrically connected to the second electrical contact 221 and the energy reservoir is electrically connected to the first electrical contact 121.

[0143] [Explanation of symbols] 1 Contact Unit 11 Contact axis 12 Contact direction 13. Cartesian Coordinate System 100 First connection section 101 Section 1 101a Side of Section 1 102 Section 2 102a End face of the second section 102b Side view of Section 2 110 Lock recess 111 Latch elements 111a Latch recess 112 Idle position sensor 121 First Electrical Contact 122 First protective earth conductor contact 123 First control pilot contact 124 Solenoid 126 Operation Elements 130 Recess for protective earth conductor in first connection 131 End edge 132 Protrusion in the second section of the first connection 140 Actuators 141 Actuator Drive 142 Actuator Connector 143 Tension-applying elements 144 Guide groove for tension-applying element 145 Long Section 146 Connection Section 147 Short Sections 148 Tension-applying discs 149 Borehole 150 guide pins 151 Lock guide groove 152 Release section 153 Lock section 160 Electrical conductors 180 Air inlet opening 181 Air Induction Channel 182 Air Distributor 183 Air outlet opening 184 Inflowing air / Air that has been brought in 185 Leaking air / Air that has leaked out 186 Temperature Sensor 190 Holding device 191 Spacer 200 Second connection section 201 Basic structure of the second connection section 201a End face of the second connection 202 Side view of the second connection section 203 Cavity 204 Sealing element 210 Lock elements 211 Recess 221 Second electrical contact 222 Second protective earth conductor contact 222a Preloading element for protective earth conductor contact 223 Second control pilot contact 224 Magnetic Counter Element 227 Electrical conductors 230 Protrusion 231 Borehole 232 Stop part 240 Contact Restoration Elements 240a Preloading element of contact restoration element 241 Connection Elements 242 Displacement elements 243 Spring element 244 Rotary bearings 245 Guide groove for displacement element 246 Guide Cylinder 250 Exhaust 251 Temperature Sensor 300 control units 301 First Control Unit 302 Second Control Unit

Claims

1. A first connection part including a first electrical contact, and a second connection part including a second electrical contact, The first and second connecting portions are arranged to be movable relative to each other along a contact axis extending in the contact direction; The first connection includes a first section and a second section, the second section being movable relative to the first section, and the first electrical contact being located in the second section; The first connector is configurable relative to the second connector along the contact axis such that the first section of the first connector is ultimately in an idle position relative to the second connector; The first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are designed to establish a conductive connection between the first and second connection portions when they are in contact with each other, designed to conduct electrical energy; A placement unit designed to pre-determine the idle position; An actuator designed to displace the second section of the first connection relative to the first section in the contact direction such that, when the first section of the first connection is in the idle position, the second section of the first connection and the second connection lean against each other in the contact direction, and the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact come into contact with each other; and A latch element that can move between a latched position and a released position. The latch element prevents the first section of the first connection portion from moving relative to the second connection portion at the latch position, and allows the second section of the first connection portion to move relative to the first section of the first connection portion, and The design allows the first section of the first connector to move relative to the second connector in the latch release position, while preventing the second section of the first connector from moving relative to the first section of the first connector; A contact unit for establishing a conductive connection, comprising the components described above.

2. The contact unit according to claim 1, wherein in each case the first section of the first connection and the second connection include recesses, and the latch element is designed in the latch position to engage with the recess of the first section of the first connection and the recess of the second connection.

3. The contact unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the actuator is connected to the first section of the first connection and is designed to move the latch element between the latched position and the unlocked position.

4. A contact unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a solenoid and a magnetic counter element, wherein the solenoid is in an active state and the second section and the second connection of the first connection are leaning against each other in the contact direction, and the magnetic attraction is large enough to hold the second section of the first connection, thereby positioning the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact in contact with each other.

5. The contact unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first electrical contact includes a first power supply contact, and the second electrical contact includes a second power supply contact.

6. The contact unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first connection portion includes a first protective earth conductor contact, and the second connection portion includes a second protective earth conductor contact, the first protective earth conductor contact being electrically connected to the earth potential and designed to establish an electrical connection between the second protective earth conductor contact and the earth potential when in contact with the second protective earth conductor contact.

7. The contact unit according to claim 6, wherein the second protective earth conductor contact cooperates with a protective earth conductor preloading element designed to provide a contact force between the first protective earth conductor contact and the second protective earth conductor contact when the first protective earth conductor contact contacts the second protective earth conductor contact, and the first protective earth conductor contact and the second protective earth conductor contact are positioned opposite each other on surfaces, each in each case oriented substantially perpendicular to the contact axis.

8. The contact unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second connection includes a movable contact protection restoring element provided with a preloading element, which is designed to displace the second section of the first connection in the contact direction with respect to the first section such that the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are positioned apart from each other when the first section of the first connection is in the idle position.

9. The contact unit according to claim 8, wherein the second electrical contact is movable and includes a motion coupling between the second electrical contact and the contact protection restoring element, the motion coupling is designed to transmit the movement of the contact protection restoring element to the second electrical contact in order to provide contact between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact using a contact force, or to cause the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact to separate from each other.

10. The contact unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a retaining device connected to the first connection and designed to provide an interface for the arrangement of the first connection with respect to the second connection.

11. The contact unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first connection portion is electrically connected to an electrical energy source and the second connection portion is electrically connected to a rechargeable electrical energy storage device, or the first connection portion is electrically connected to a rechargeable electrical energy storage device and the second connection portion is electrically connected to an electrical energy source.

12. The contact unit according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first connection and / or the second connection includes a temperature control designed to set the temperature of the first connection and / or the second connection to a temperature lower than 120°C, preferably 90°C, and particularly preferably 60°C.

13. Use of the contact unit according to any one of claims 1 to 12 for recharging a battery of a battery-powered electric vehicle.

14. The step of arranging a first connection including a first electrical contact and a second connection including a second electrical contact so that the first and second connections can move relative to each other along a contact axis extending in the contact direction, wherein the first connection is configurable relative to the second connection along the contact axis such that a first section of the first connection is ultimately in an idle position relative to the second connection; The step of positioning the first section of the first connection part relative to the second connection part in the idle position; and In the step of displacing the second section of the first connection portion relative to the first section in the contact direction, as a result the second section of the first connection portion and the second connection portion lean against each other in the contact direction, and the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are in contact with each other; A step of moving the latch element to a latch position that prevents the movement of the first section of the first connection portion relative to the second connection portion, and allows the movement of the second section of the first connection portion relative to the first section of the first connection portion; and A step of moving the latch element to a latch release position that allows the first section of the first connection to move relative to the second connection and prevents the second section of the first connection to move relative to the first section of the first connection. A method for operating a contact unit, comprising the following:

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