Improved distribution board

Abstract

The pre-assembled panel includes a housing having a plurality of bus bars and cable entries for a plurality of sub-circuit cables, and further includes a sub-circuit termination block having conductor coupling members configured to connect to the conductors of the plurality of sub-circuit cables, the circuit protection devices are connected between the bus bars and the sub-circuit termination block, and the conductor coupling members are grouped by sub-circuit so that the conductors of each sub-circuit cable can be terminated adjacent to one another.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an improved distribution board and aspects of a power distribution system. The present invention is particularly applicable to domestic distribution boards and also to domestic or private power distribution systems.

Background Art

[0002] Generally, each modern house requires a distribution board in some form. A distribution board is a central or concentrated base that receives power supply from the main line system (i.e., the power grid provided by the electricity supplier) and distributes power to all sub-circuits within the facility or house. The distribution board functions as a housing or enclosure for electrical safety and circuit protection devices and circuit measurement and control devices, and recently also functions as a place to install and arrange an electricity meter.

[0003] Most components in a conventional domestic distribution board had to be individually selected, assembled, and further connected according to the load and circuit protection requirements of the house. The process of an electrician installing one distribution board can take several hours and often requires multiple visits. It takes time to install the components of the distribution board, perform internal wiring and testing between the components of the distribution board, and further connect the distribution board to the main power supply and electrical sub-circuits.

[0004] Typical residential electrical panels generally only have the minimum level of circuit protection required by relevant electrical installation standards or regulations. While these may vary by country, they typically include short-circuit protection, overload protection, and ground fault protection for each subcircuit connected to the panel. However, many older homes still fail to meet these minimum requirements, often only having in-line fuses that provide overcurrent protection. Typically, each circuit protection device within a panel has a fixed current rating that, by interrupting the circuit, prevents power from being supplied to the protected subcircuit. However, because these devices are typically manufactured with a fixed current rating, it is unlikely that each subcircuit connected to the panel is adequately and / or accurately protected, and each circuit protection device lacks consistency in its operation under different fault conditions. This problem means that dangerous faults, such as undetected series arc faults, can occur within connected subcircuits, potentially leading to property damage, fire hazards, and, in some cases, loss of life.

[0005] Where this specification refers to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally intended to provide context for describing the features of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, references to such external documents should not be construed as an admission that such documents or sources of information are prior art or form part of the general knowledge in the art in any jurisdiction. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] Objects in at least some preferred embodiments of the present invention are to provide an improved switchboard and / or other forms of a power distribution system, and / or to provide at least an alternative useful to the public. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In one embodiment, a pre-assembled switchboard is provided for connecting to multiple sub-circuit cables, each sub-circuit cable comprising multiple insulated conductors, and the switchboard is provided. A housing having multiple bus bars and cable inlets for multiple subcircuit cables, A subcircuit termination block having multiple conductor coupling members configured to connect to the conductors of multiple subcircuit cables, Multiple circuit protection devices connected between the bus bar and the sub-circuit termination block, Includes, The conductor coupling members are grouped by subcircuit, allowing the conductors of each subcircuit cable to be terminated adjacent to each other.

[0008] Preferably, at least one circuit protection device is remotely configurable.

[0009] Preferably, each circuit protection device includes a selectively detachable module.

[0010] The subcircuit termination block preferably includes multiple termination blocks.

[0011] Each circuit protection device preferably includes a circuit termination block.

[0012] Preferably, the termination block of each circuit protection device provides a group of conductor coupling members for terminating the conductors of the subcircuit cables.

[0013] The connecting members are preferably arranged in one or more rows.

[0014] The rows of connectors at the end are preferably located on the side of the housing.

[0015] The row of connectors at the end is preferably located in the center of the housing.

[0016] It is preferable that two cable entry points are provided, and that two rows of coupling members and two cable channels are provided.

[0017] It is preferable that a row of connecting members is provided on each side of the housing.

[0018] It is preferable that two rows of connecting members are provided in the center of the housing.

[0019] Each module preferably includes a wall, and the wall preferably includes part of a cable tray channel, or part of each cable tray channel.

[0020] The modules are preferably oriented laterally to the cable tray channels or to each cable tray channel.

[0021] Preferably, each subcircuit protection device or each subcircuit protection module includes a user-operable button or switch, and the cable channel is provided between the button or switch and the row or each row of subcircuit coupling members.

[0022] The subcircuit coupling member of each subcircuit cable preferably includes a phase coupling member and a neutral coupling member.

[0023] The subcircuit coupling members of each subcircuit cable preferably include a phase coupling member, a neutral coupling member, and an earth coupling member.

[0024] In another embodiment, a pre-assembled power distribution and management system for a distribution panel or residential is provided, and this system is Main line isolation means configured to provide electrical isolation from external power grids, One or more sub-circuit protection devices or sub-circuit protection modules electrically connected to the main line separation means via a pre-assembled electrical connection, One or more sub-circuit terminations, each of which is electrically connected to a corresponding sub-circuit protection module via a pre-assembled electrical connection and each of which is configured to electrically connect the system to an external sub-circuit, including.

[0025] In another aspect, a circuit protection device is provided, the circuit protection device A first termination for connection to a bus bar and a second termination for connection to a sub-circuit, Blocking means configured to electrically separate the first termination from the second termination upon receipt of a blocking signal, An outer wall defining part of a cable accommodation channel, including, The first termination and the second termination are provided on both sides of the cable accommodation channel.

[0026] Preferably, a user-operated button or user-operated switch is provided that is operable to activate the blocking means, and the cable accommodation channel is provided between the second termination and the button or switch.

[0027] The cable accommodation channel preferably includes a cable tray.

[0028] The cable accommodation channel is provided within a housing, and preferably the cable accommodation channel is provided between the first termination and the second termination.

[0029] In another aspect, the present invention relates broadly to a switchboard, the switchboard A housing having a plurality of bus bars and cable inlets for a plurality of sub-circuit cables, Multiple circuit protection modules connected to a bus bar, each module including or connected to a sub-circuit termination configured to connect to a sub-circuit cable, Includes, The sub-circuit terminations are provided in a single row. The distribution panel further includes cable channels extending from the cable inlet and parallel to the rows of subcircuit terminations.

[0030] In some embodiments, the cable channel includes a cable tray.

[0031] In another embodiment, a self-testing method is provided in which the controller periodically transmits a signal to the test winding of the flux gate sensor while preventing the circuit interruption function.

[0032] In another embodiment, a system is provided which provides a controller with signals from a primary current sensor, a residual current sensor, and a line voltage sensor in order to perform arc fault detection.

[0033] In another embodiment, the present invention broadly relates to a pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management system for a switchboard or residential use, the system comprising: a grid connection module configured to electrically connect the system to an external grid power source; a main line isolation module electrically connected to the grid connection module via a pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connection and configured to provide electrical isolation from the external grid power source; one or more subcircuit protection modules electrically connected to the main circuit isolation module via a pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connection; and one or more subcircuit terminations, each electrically connected to a corresponding subcircuit protection module via a pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connection and each configured to electrically connect the system to an external subcircuit.

[0034] In one embodiment, any one of the grid connection module, the main line isolation module, and / or one or more subcircuit protection modules includes a circuit protection system as referred to in subsequent embodiments of the present invention. In such embodiments, any one of the grid connection module, the main line isolation module, and / or one or more subcircuit protection modules may include or have any one or more features referred to in subsequent embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] In one embodiment, pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections between one or more modules include one or more phase connections or active connections, neutral connections, and / or earth connections or ground connections.

[0036] In one embodiment, a pre-configured or pre-wired power distribution and management system for a distribution panel or residential use further includes a separate pre-configured or pre-wired grounding connection system that electrically connects one or more grounding conductors of an external device to electrical ground.

[0037] In one embodiment, one or more subcircuit protection modules can be configured to electrically connect a pre-configured or pre-wired switchboard or residential power distribution and management system to an external, distributed power source or energy source. The distributed power source or energy source may include one or more vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power sources or electric vehicle (EV) power sources, battery power sources, and / or solar power sources having one or more solar panels. In such embodiments, each auxiliary power module is operable to facilitate switching of the electrically connected external, distributed power source or energy source. Each module can also be configured to extract power from an external, distributed power source or energy source, such as a solar power source or battery power source, for use in a power distribution system.

[0038] In one embodiment, each of one or more subcircuit protection modules is operably connected to a centralized subcircuit controller. In such an embodiment, the connection to the centralized subcircuit controller is provided via a serial communication protocol.

[0039] In one embodiment, a centralized subcircuit controller can be configured to receive, as input, measurement or monitoring data related to the correspondingly connected subcircuits from one or more connected subcircuit connection modules. In these embodiments, the measurement or monitoring data includes power consumption data, operating conditions, and / or data analysis.

[0040] In one embodiment, each of the one or more subcircuit terminations includes a pre-configured subcircuit connection module as referred to in subsequent embodiments of the present invention. In such embodiments, the one or more subcircuit terminations may include or have any one or more feature points relating to the pre-configured subcircuit connection module as referred to in subsequent embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] In one embodiment, each subcircuit termination includes a plurality of subcircuit conductor terminations, each configured to electrically connect to a conductor of an external subcircuit. In these embodiments, each subcircuit conductor termination may include an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the wire terminations of the subcircuit conductors.

[0042] In one embodiment, a pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management system for a distribution panel or residential building further includes a system controller. The system controller is operably connected to one or more modules. The system controller is operably connected to the controller of each module. In these embodiments, the system controller may further include a communication module operable to connect to the controller and / or communication module for each of the one or more modules. In some embodiments, the system controller is electrically connected to each controller of the modules via a wired communication link. The wired communication protocol may be, for example, CAN bus or Ethernet®.

[0043] In some embodiments, the controller of each module is configured to transmit measurement or monitoring data to the system controller. The measurement or monitoring data may be related to the corresponding module. The measurement or monitoring data may include power consumption data, data related to operating conditions, and / or data analysis. For example, the module controller can be operated to transmit at least voltage data and / or current data as input to the system controller. In these embodiments, the system controller is configured to monitor the voltage and / or current through each module in real time.

[0044] In one embodiment, the system controller is configured to transmit one or more control signals as input to a connected module or each connected module. In these embodiments, the control signals are operable to open or close the electrical circuits of a module or each module. In some embodiments, the control signals are further operable to open or close the corresponding electrical circuits of a module or each module by controlling the module's electrical relay device or tripping device.

[0045] In one embodiment, the system controller corresponds to a centralized control system or server, as referred to in subsequent embodiments of the present invention. In such embodiments, the system controller may include or have any one or more features that are referred to in subsequent embodiments of the present invention with respect to a centralized control system or server.

[0046] In some embodiments, the system controller is configured to detect and / or learn specific current characteristics with respect to the electrical circuits and / or loads configured to be connected to each module, based on one or more of the power consumption data, operating condition-related data, and / or data analysis, as provided by the controllers of one or more modules. In some embodiments, the system controller is configured to provide load-specific consumption data analysis, based on the power consumption data, operating condition-related data, and / or data analysis, as provided by the controllers of each module.

[0047] In some embodiments, the system controller is configured to detect specific load characteristics with respect to the module or the electrical circuits and / or loads configured to be connected to each module by using one or more machine learning algorithms based on power consumption data, data related to operating conditions, and / or data analysis, such as those provided by the module or the controller of each module. In one embodiment, the system controller is configured to track the performance and understand fault conditions related to each electrical circuit and / or each load configured to be connected to the module by using one or more machine learning algorithms.

[0048] In one embodiment, the system controller is further configured to perform data transfer and / or software or firmware updates to connected modules. In some embodiments, the system controller is further configured to perform one or more remote monitoring, power consumption monitoring, and / or status monitoring of the electrical circuits of one or more connected modules.

[0049] The system controller is configured to provide a power meter in combination with a grid connection module. In one embodiment, the power meter is configured to provide a net measuring device. The net measuring device may conform to IEC standard 62053-22. The net measuring device may include any of the following: mainline power quality measurement, bidirectional current sensing, and / or on / off supply control.

[0050] In some embodiments, the system controller is configured to determine or calculate the net power consumption for a distribution board or residential power distribution and management system based on the module or the data provided by each module.

[0051] In one embodiment, the system controller is further configured to connect to an LCD screen. The LCD screen may be an LCD touchscreen, which is configured to receive user input and / or function as a local human-machine interface (HMI), and is further configured to display data or information related to a switchboard or residential power distribution management system. The LCD screen may be configured to display real-time monitoring data or consumption data of a switchboard or residential power distribution management system to the user. The LCD touchscreen may be further configured to receive control inputs from the user related to the control of one or more modules connected to the system controller.

[0052] In one embodiment, the system controller includes an embedded communication module. In such embodiments, the embedded communication module is configured to enable communication and two-way data transfer to an external server or system. The communication module is configured to enable wired or wireless communication and two-way data transfer to an external server or system using any one or more communication modules of cellular (3G, 4G, 5G), Wi-Fi, Ethernet®, and / or optical fiber. In these embodiments, the communication module is configured to enable communication and two-way data transfer to an external server or system for transferring retail billing data in real time.

[0053] In some embodiments, the external server or system includes a database. The database is configured to store data received from the system controller. The data received from the system controller relates to consumption data and / or usage data for one or more modules. In some embodiments, the external server or system is cloud-based. In some embodiments, the external server or system is further configured to provide analysis, demand analysis, or consumption analysis of the received consumption data and / or usage data for one or more modules.

[0054] In some embodiments, an external server or system is configured to send one or more control signals to a system controller. In such embodiments, the control signals are configured to control one or more modules of the system. The control signals are configured to switch one or more relays or disconnection devices of one or more modules on or off.

[0055] In one embodiment, the external grid power supply includes the supply of electrical energy. The supply of electrical energy may be provided by one or more external grid suppliers. In some embodiments, the external grid suppliers have access to an external server or system. In such embodiments, one or more electrical grid suppliers may receive data related to consumption data and / or usage data with respect to one or more modules, and / or may transmit one or more control signals from the external server or system to switch on or switch off any one or more relays or tripping devices of one or more modules. In such embodiments, the electrical grid suppliers may transmit one or more control signals to switch off heavy loads during peak demand for the external grid power supply.

[0056] In one embodiment, the switchboard or power management / distribution system provides power distribution and management to an external grid power source, and, when connected to one or more subcircuits, from the external grid power source to a household including one or more subcircuits.

[0057] In one embodiment, the system controller and / or external server or system are configured to provide economical and / or energy-efficient power distribution and management based on received inputs from the module and from the external server or system. In one embodiment, the system controller and / or external server or system are configured to provide energy supply management for one or more subcircuits by reducing the peak load of the power supply provider by selectively supplying energy to subcircuits with high load consumption during periods of low power system demand.

[0058] In one embodiment, the system controller and / or an external server or system are configured to provide individual switch-on or switch-off for individual subcircuits based on load consumption data from one or more modules and / or on power demand or grid supply prices provided by a third party. The third party may be a power retailer or power distributor.

[0059] In one embodiment, the system controller and / or external server or system is configured to receive real-time electricity price data related to the supply of electrical energy provided by an external grid supplier. In such embodiments, the system controller and / or external server or system is configured to analyze and compare the real-time electricity price data with real-time load consumption or usage for the system and / or one or more modules. The system controller and / or external server or system is further configured to calculate the most economical and / or most energy-efficient distribution and management for the system based on the analysis or comparison of the real-time electricity price data and the system's real-time load consumption. In some embodiments, the system controller and / or external server or system is configured to manage the supply of electrical energy to subcircuits in such a way that household electricity costs are optimally reduced, based on a real-time analysis of the electricity price data and the load consumption for one or more modules and / or the system.

[0060] In some embodiments, the system controller and / or external server or system are configured to optimally shift between available alternative power sources or alternative electrical energy sources in order to reduce household electricity costs and / or reduce demand for external grid power. In such embodiments, the system controller and / or external server or system are configured to control one or more modules of a distribution board or distribution and management system based on an analysis of real-time electricity price data and real-time load consumption data, in order to ensure that the electricity used in the household is maintained at the lowest optimal price or rate. For example, this may include charging one or more batteries or EV-based auxiliary power sources when electricity is at a cheaper relative rate, and / or supplying electrical energy to the system by using one or more auxiliary power sources when electricity is at a more expensive relative rate, and / or selling electricity back to the external grid supplier by diverting one or more auxiliary power sources to the external grid power when electricity is at a more expensive relative rate.

[0061] In one embodiment, the system controller and / or external server or system is configured to provide power supply management for one or more subcircuits by selectively supplying energy to subcircuits with high load consumption during periods of low electrical system demand, thereby reducing the peak load of the external electrical system supplier.

[0062] In one embodiment, the system controller and / or external server system is configured to operably connect to one or more Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices. In such embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system is configured to operably connect to one or more IoT-enabled devices using a communication module or each communication module. For example, the communication module or each communication module is configured to operably connect to one or more IoT-enabled devices using one or more communication protocols, including Zigbee, IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Long Range Radio (LoRa), and / or Wi-Fi. In some embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system is configured to receive data related to one or more connected IoT-enabled devices, and in some embodiments, the controller is configured to receive data related to the power consumption or usage of the connected IoT-enabled devices.

[0063] In some embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system is configured to store data received from connected IoT-enabled devices and to establish a portfolio or directory of connected IoT-enabled devices and / or previously connected IoT-enabled devices based on the data received from one or more IoT-enabled devices. In some embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system is further configured to send one or more command signals to one or more connected IoT-enabled devices. In such embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system is further configured to send one or more command signals to switch one or more connected IoT-enabled devices on or off.

[0064] In one embodiment, the system controller and / or external server system can be operated to determine the load characteristics of the connected IoT device. The system controller and / or external server system can be further configured to match or pair the load characteristics of the connected IoT device with the load characteristics of a subcircuit as measured by a subcircuit protection module. In some embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system can be operated to use the load characteristics of the connected IoT device as input to a machine learning algorithm. In such embodiments, the machine learning algorithm can determine one or more characteristics with respect to a subcircuit connected to the subcircuit protection module.

[0065] In one embodiment, a pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management system for a switchboard or residential use is configured to be housed inside a housing or enclosure. In such embodiments, the housing or enclosure is a typical or existing housing or enclosure for a residential switchboard.

[0066] In one embodiment, a pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connection for electrically connecting one or more modules is a pre-configured or pre-wired bus bar. In some embodiments, the bus bar is a copper bus bar.

[0067] In one embodiment, a module is electrically connected to one or more pre-configured or pre-wired connection points. In some embodiments, one or more pre-configured or pre-wired connection points are electrically connected to one or more pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections between modules.

[0068] In one embodiment, the pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections that electrically connect the modules are fixed in position. In some embodiments, the pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections that electrically connect the modules are configured to define the location where each module will sit within a pre-configured or pre-wired switchboard or residential power distribution and management system.

[0069] In another aspect, the present invention relates more broadly to a method for installing a pre-fabricated switchboard as referred to in relation to a prior aspect of the present invention, the method comprising electrically connecting an external grid power supply to a grid connection module and electrically connecting the wire ends of one or more subcircuit conductors to corresponding subcircuit ends. A pre-fabricated switchboard installed as part of the method in a second aspect may include or have any one or more features referred to in relation to a prior aspect of the present invention.

[0070] In one embodiment, the method further includes electrically connecting one or more auxiliary power sources or external distributed power sources or external distributed energy sources to one auxiliary power module.

[0071] In another aspect, the present invention broadly relates to a circuit protection system for use in a switchboard or power distribution and management system, the system comprising one or more electrical input connectors configured to connect to at least one power source, one or more electrical output connectors configured to supply power to electrical outputs, one or more electrical circuits provided between the one or more electrical input connectors and the one or more electrical output connectors, one or more electrical output connectors, one or more load monitoring devices operably connected to the one or more electrical circuits and operable to determine one or more characteristics or attributes with respect to one or more electrical circuits, and one or more electrical input connectors and electrical output connectors electrically connected between the electrical input connectors and the electrical output connectors and based on control signals The system includes an electrical relay device or tripping device that is operable to open and close multiple electrical circuits, and a controller operably connected to the electrical relay device and the load monitoring device, wherein the controller is configured to receive as input one or more characteristics or attributes relating to one or more electrical circuits from the load monitoring device, to determine whether one or more fault conditions exist in one or more electrical circuits based on an analysis of one or more characteristics or attributes relating to one or more electrical circuits, and to transmit one or more control signals to the electrical relay device to open or close one or more electrical circuits if a fault condition is detected based on an analysis of one or more characteristics or attributes relating to one or more electrical circuits.

[0072] In one embodiment, an electrical relay device is configured to receive a control signal from a controller. The control signal is operable to trigger the electrical relay device, thereby opening or closing one or more electrical circuits.

[0073] In one embodiment, the electrical relay device has one or more electrical relays, each corresponding to a single electrical circuit, and each electrical relay device is operable to open or close its corresponding electrical circuit based on a control signal. In some embodiments, the electrical relay device, or each electrical relay device, is a unipolar relay and / or a bistable relay or a latching relay.

[0074] In one embodiment, the load monitoring device is operably connected in series between an electrical input connector and an electrical output connector within one or more electrical circuits. The load monitoring device may also be operably connected in an electrical circuit upstream of an electrical relay device. In an alternative embodiment, the load monitoring device is operably connected in parallel to one or more electrical circuits between an electrical input connector and an electrical output connector.

[0075] In one embodiment, one or more characteristics or attributes relating to one or more electrical circuits include voltage and / or current through one or more electrical circuits. These one or more characteristics or attributes relating to one or more electrical circuits may further include real-time readings of voltage and / or current. These one or more characteristics or attributes relating to one or more electrical circuits may further include waveforms or waveform patterns relating to voltage and / or current through one or more electrical circuits.

[0076] In one embodiment, the load monitoring device includes a current sensor and / or a voltage sensor. In some embodiments, the current sensor is a current transformer. In such embodiments, the current transformer is configured to be a high-frequency and / or low-frequency current transformer. In some embodiments, the current sensor is a Hall effect sensor. In some embodiments, an RCD is provided. The RCD may include a flux gate sensor. The flux gate sensor may include a test winding. Testing the RCD may include energizing the test winding. The test winding may be energized by a controller in response to a user activating a device such as a push button or switch.

[0077] In one embodiment, the controller is configured to receive as input voltage and / or current readings for one or more electrical circuits from a load monitoring device. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to receive as input waveforms or waveform patterns for voltage and / or current through one or more electrical circuits from a load monitoring device.

[0078] In one embodiment, the controller is configured to analyze one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits, such as voltage and / or current, and to determine whether the characteristics or attributes indicate one or more fault conditions within the electrical circuits.

[0079] In one embodiment, the controller is configured to determine whether one or more fault conditions are present in one or more electrical circuits, having at least one of the following: short circuit, overload, overvoltage, overcurrent, AC leakage and / or DC leakage, and / or a hazardous arc fault. One or more fault conditions may have a specific threshold or trip curve, in which case the controller indicates a fault condition if one or more characteristics or attributes with respect to one or more electrical circuits exceed the threshold or trip curve.

[0080] In one embodiment, the controller is further configured to adjust a specific threshold or trip curve for each of one or more fault conditions. The specific threshold or trip curve for each of one or more fault conditions can be adjusted based on the real-time load requirements of the electrical circuit.

[0081] In one embodiment, the controller is configured to send one or more control signals to an electrical relay device to open or close one or more electrical circuits when a fault condition is detected, based on an analysis of one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits.

[0082] In one embodiment, the controller's response time for determining a fault condition and transmitting a control signal to an electrical relay device is on the order of microseconds or nanoseconds. The controller's response time in responding to the determination of a fault condition can enable the detection and removal of a hazardous arc fault in one or more electrical circuits.

[0083] In one embodiment, the controller is further operably connected to a centralized control system or server. This connection can be provided via a serial communication protocol. In one embodiment, the centralized control system or server is configured to connect to one or more different circuit protection systems.

[0084] In one embodiment, the controller is configured to transmit measurement data or monitoring data to a centralized control system or server. The measurement data or monitoring data may include power consumption data, data related to operating conditions, and / or data analysis.

[0085] In one embodiment, the controller is further configured to receive external control commands from a centralized control system or server. In one embodiment, the external control commands are operable to control or trigger an electrical relay device to open or close a corresponding electrical circuit.

[0086] In one embodiment, a centralized control system or server is configured to detect and learn specific current characteristics of an electrical circuit and / or load configured to be connected to an electrical output connector, based on power consumption data, data related to operating conditions, and / or data analysis, such as provided by a controller. In one embodiment, a centralized control system or server is configured to provide specific power consumption data analysis or feedback of a load, based on power consumption data, data related to operating conditions, and / or data analysis, such as provided by a controller.

[0087] In one embodiment, a centralized control system or server is configured to detect specific load characteristics relating to electrical circuits and / or loads configured to be connected to electrical output connectors, based on power consumption data, operating condition-related data, and / or data analysis, such as those provided by a controller, using one or more machine learning algorithms. In one embodiment, a centralized control system or server is configured to track performance and to understand fault conditions relating to each electrical circuit and / or each load configured to be connected to electrical output connectors, using one or more machine learning algorithms.

[0088] In one embodiment, one or more electrical input connectors are configured to connect to an active conductor line or a phase conductor line and / or a neutral conductor line. In some embodiments, a first electrical input connector is configured to connect to an active conductor or a phase conductor, and a second electrical input connector is configured to connect to a neutral conductor.

[0089] In one embodiment, one or more electrical output connectors are configured to connect to an active conductor line or a phase conductor line and / or a neutral conductor line. In some embodiments, a first electrical output connector is configured to connect to an active conductor or a phase conductor, and a second electrical output connector is configured to connect to a neutral conductor.

[0090] In one embodiment, a first electrical circuit is provided between a first electrical input connector and a first electrical output connector, and this first electrical circuit has an active circuit or a phase circuit, and a second electrical circuit is provided between a second electrical input connector and a second electrical output connector, and this second electrical circuit has a neutral circuit.

[0091] In one embodiment, the electrical input connector and electrical output connector are configured to match one or more pre-fabricated connection points so that a circuit protection system can be easily installed inside a switchboard or power distribution / management system.

[0092] In one embodiment, the circuit protection system further includes a status indicator. The status indicator may be a physical indicator mechanically coupled to a movable contact of a tripping device such as a relay. The status indicator may be in the form of one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In some embodiments, the LEDs are operably connected to a controller. In these embodiments, the LEDs are operable to indicate one or more fault conditions with respect to one or more circuits provided within the circuit protection system, as determined by the controller.

[0093] In another embodiment, the present invention broadly relates to a subcircuit connection system, which includes a subcircuit connection block having a plurality of spaced connection layers, each of which connection layers is configured to connect one or more associated subcircuit conductors of one or more external subcircuits; one or more pre-configured subcircuit connection modules housed inside the subcircuit connection block, each subcircuit connection module including a plurality of subcircuit conductor terminations, each of which is configured to electrically connect conductor wires of an external subcircuit, and each subcircuit conductor termination has an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the wire terminations of the subcircuit conductors, corresponding to one of the plurality of connection layers in the subcircuit connection block; and at least one internal electrical connector configured to electrically connect the subcircuit conductors to a distribution bus and / or ground connection.

[0094] In one embodiment, the subcircuit is configured to be electrically coupled to a pre-configured subcircuit connection module by a three-core cable. In such an embodiment, each core of the three-core cable is configured to provide a conductor wire corresponding to the subcircuit conductor termination. In one embodiment, each of one or more subcircuit conductor terminations is configured to be connected to a conductor wire or core of the three-core cable. In some embodiments, the conductor wire or core of the three-core cable corresponds to either an active conductor or phase conductor, a neutral conductor, or an earth conductor or ground conductor.

[0095] In one embodiment, each pre-configured subcircuit connection module includes a first subcircuit conductor termination corresponding to a first layer of the subcircuit connection block, a second subcircuit conductor termination corresponding to a second layer of the subcircuit connection block, and a third subcircuit conductor termination corresponding to a third layer of the subcircuit connection block.

[0096] In one embodiment, each pre-configured subcircuit connection module includes a first subcircuit conductor terminal having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect to the earth conductor wire terminal or ground conductor wire terminal of an external subcircuit; a second subcircuit terminal having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect to the neutral conductor wire terminal of an external subcircuit; and a third subcircuit conductor terminal having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect to the phase conductor wire terminal or active conductor wire terminal of an external subcircuit.

[0097] In one embodiment, each pre-configured subcircuit connection module includes a first internal electrical termination having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the earth conductor wire termination or ground conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to an earth connection or ground connection; a second internal electrical termination having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the neutral conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to a distribution bus; and a third internal electrical connector having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the phase conductor wire termination or active conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to a distribution bus.

[0098] In one embodiment, a second internal electrical termination having an electrical coupling member is configured to electrically connect the neutral conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to the neutral connection of a power distribution bus.

[0099] In one embodiment, a third internal electrical termination having an electrical coupling member is configured to electrically connect the phase conductor wire termination or active conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to the phase connection or active connection of a power distribution bus.

[0100] In such embodiments, the distribution bus is configured to electrically connect the external subcircuit to the circuit protection module and / or the distribution system.

[0101] In further embodiments, the distribution bus is configured to electrically connect (one or more) external subcircuits to a circuit protection system as described in relation to the prior embodiments of the present invention. The circuit protection system as described in relation to the prior embodiments of the present invention may further include or have any one or more features described in relation to the prior embodiments of the present invention.

[0102] In one embodiment, each pre-configured subcircuit connection module is configured to be individually electrically isolated.

[0103] In one embodiment, the housing has a proximal end and a distal end. In one embodiment, each of the spaced-apart connecting layers has a stepped shape that extends vertically downward from the distal end to the proximal end. In one embodiment, the terminations of multiple subcircuit conductors are spaced laterally along the width of the housing.

[0104] In one embodiment, there are three spaced-apart connecting layers: a first connecting layer providing one or more rows of active conductors, a second connecting layer providing one or more rows of neutral conductors, and a third connecting layer providing one or more ground conductors.

[0105] In one embodiment, the housing is provided with one or more standardized connection identifiers, each corresponding to a subcircuit connection module. In one embodiment, each of the one or more standardized connection identifiers has an associated color or other visual identifier. In one embodiment, one or more standardized connection identifiers are configured to convey information about subcircuits that can be operated to be electrically connected. In one embodiment, one or more standardized connection identifiers correspond to a legend for the subcircuits of the switchboard. In one embodiment, one or more standardized connection identifiers can facilitate the installation of subcircuits to the switchboard.

[0106] In one embodiment, the housing is formed from a precast plastic mold. In one embodiment, the housing is operable to open and close, thereby allowing access to one or more pre-configured subcircuit connection modules.

[0107] In one embodiment, the subcircuit connection system is configured to form a component of a residential distribution board or a power distribution and management system. In one embodiment, the subcircuit connection system is further configured to be housed within a cabinet of a power distribution unit, or within a housing and / or cabinet of a distribution board.

[0108] In one embodiment, the subcircuit connection system is configured to allow an electrician to easily install and wire wire terminations from subcircuits to a residential distribution board or power distribution and management system. In one embodiment, spaced-apart connection layers of the housing provide ease of installation for one or more subcircuits.

[0109] In another aspect, the present invention broadly relates to a method for connecting one or more external subcircuits to a subcircuit connection system as referred to in relation to the prior aspects of the present invention, the method comprising connecting the wire ends of one or more subcircuit conductors to each of the subcircuit conductor ends using an electrical coupling member. One or more external subcircuits installed as part of a method forming a fifth aspect may include or have any one or more feature points referred to in relation to one or more external subcircuits of the prior aspects of the present invention.

[0110] In another aspect, the present invention broadly relates to a method for installing a subcircuit connection system, such as those referred to in relation to prior embodiments of the present invention, in a residential distribution board or power distribution and management system, the method comprising the steps of connecting the wire ends of one or more subcircuit conductors to each of the multiple subcircuit conductor ends using an electrical coupling member, and connecting each subcircuit input terminal to a distribution bus and / or ground connection. A subcircuit connection system installed as part of a method forming a sixth aspect may include or have any one or more features referred to in relation to the subcircuit connection systems of prior embodiments of the present invention.

[0111] In another aspect, the present invention broadly relates to a pre-configured or pre-wired power distribution and management system for a switchboard or residential use, the system including a subcircuit connection system as described in relation to a prior aspect of the present invention; a grid connection module configured to electrically connect the system to an external grid power source; a main line isolation module electrically connected to the grid connection module via a pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connection and configured to provide electrical isolation from an external grid power source; each configured to electrically connect the system to an external or auxiliary power source or electrical energy source; one or more subcircuit protection modules electrically connected to the main line isolation module and one or more auxiliary power modules via a pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connection; and one or more subcircuit protection modules electrically connected to the main line isolation module via a pre-configured electrical connection, each subcircuit protection module electrically connected to a subcircuit connection module of the subcircuit connection system via a pre-configured electrical connection.

[0112] A pre-configured or pre-wired power distribution and management system for a switchboard or residential use, as described in relation to a prior embodiment of the present invention, may include or have any one or more features described in relation to a pre-configured or pre-wired power distribution and management system for a switchboard or residential use in a prior embodiment of the present invention.

[0113] Each of the grid connection module, main line isolation module, one or more auxiliary power modules, one or more subcircuit connection modules, and / or one or more subcircuit protection modules, as referred to in the prior embodiments of the present invention, may include or have any one or more features referred to in the circuit protection systems of the prior embodiments of the present invention.

[0114] The first to seventh aspects of the present invention may include or have any one or more features that have been referred to in relation to other aspects of the present invention, as understood to be.

[0115] Definition or term or phrase When used herein and in the present claims, the term “distribution panel” shall, unless the context specifically suggests otherwise, be interpreted as including a device or system for directing or distributing electricity or power from one or more sources to one or more smaller areas of use or subcircuits. The term “distribution panel” may further be interpreted as including a device or system capable of managing, monitoring, and / or controlling the electricity or power distributed from one or more sources to one or more smaller areas of use or subcircuits. This includes distribution panels and switchboards used in both residential and / or commercial applications.

[0116] When used herein and in the presented claims, the term “subcircuit” shall be interpreted, unless the context specifically suggests otherwise, as including an electrical circuit, or one or more loads and / or devices, electrically connected to a switchboard, intended to supply or receive electrical energy to and from one or more current-using devices or equipment.

[0117] When used herein and in the presented claims, the term “earthing” shall be interpreted, unless the context specifically suggests otherwise, as including a reference point in an electrical circuit where voltage is measured, a common return path for current, or a direct physical connection to earth.

[0118] The terms “pre-assembled,” “pre-configured,” and “pre-wired” are interchangeable in this specification and within the presented claims, and unless the context specifically suggests otherwise, they shall be interpreted as including a system, device, or apparatus having one or more components or modules that have been assembled, configured, or manufactured prior to the intended use; more specifically, in the case of an electrical system, the components or modules may be wired or otherwise connected prior to the intended use of the electrical system.

[0119] As used herein and in the presented claims, the term “comprising” means “at least partially composed of.” In interpreting each statement containing the term “comprising” in this specification and in the presented claims, other features, or features not preceded by the term, may also exist. Related terms such as “comprise” and “comprises” shall also be interpreted in the same manner.

[0120] The term “computer-readable medium” shall be interpreted to include one or more media. Examples of multiple media include centralized or distributed databases and / or associated caches. These multiple media store one or more sets of computer-executable instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also be interpreted to include any media that can store, encode, or carry instruction sets for execution by a computing device's processor, and that causes the processor to perform any one or more of the methods described herein. Computer-readable media may also store, encode, or carry data structures used by or associated with these instruction sets. The term “computer-readable medium” includes solid-state memory, optical media, and magnetic media.

[0121] Numerical range References to numerical ranges disclosed herein (e.g., 1 to 10) are also intended to include references to all rational numbers within that range (e.g., 1, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9, and 10), and to any range of rational numbers within that range (e.g., 2 to 8, 1.5 to 5.5, and 3.1 to 4.7), and so all subranges with respect to all ranges expressly disclosed herein are expressly disclosed hereby. These are merely examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numerical values ​​between the listed minimum and maximum values ​​should be considered to be expressly described in a similar manner in this application.

[0122] As used herein, the term "and / or" means "and," or "or," or both.

[0123] In this specification, the "(s)" following a noun signifies the plural and / or singular form of that noun.

[0124] The present invention can also be said, in a broad sense, to consist, individually or collectively, of the parts, elements, and feature points referenced or pointed out in this specification, and of any combination or all combination of any two or more of those parts, elements, or feature points, and where the present invention refers herein to a particular whole that has known equivalents in the relevant art, such known equivalents shall be deemed to be incorporated herein as described individually.

[0125] The present invention is configured as described above, and below, only the example structures are presented.

[0126] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described only by reference to the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0127] [Figure 1] This is a high-level overview of a system architecture for a power distribution panel based on one embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a general overview of a pre-configured or pre-wired power distribution and management system for distribution panels or residential use, based on one embodiment. [Figure 3] This is a general overview of a pre-configured or pre-wired power distribution and management system for distribution panels or residential use, based on one embodiment. [Figure 4] This is a general overview of a pre-configured or pre-wired power distribution and management system for distribution panels or residential use, based on one embodiment. [Figure 5] This is a general overview of a pre-configured or pre-wired power distribution and management system for distribution panels or residential use, based on one embodiment. [Figure 6] This is a general overview of a pre-configured or pre-wired power distribution and management system for distribution panels or residential use, based on one embodiment. [Figure 7] This is a general overview of a circuit protection system according to one embodiment. [Figure 8] This is a general overview of a circuit protection system according to one embodiment. [Figure 9] This is a general overview of a subcircuit protection device, subcircuit protection module, or subcircuit protection system according to one embodiment. [Figure 10] This is a front view of a subcircuit connection system connection block or housing according to one embodiment. [Figure 11] Figure 10 is a perspective view. [Figure 12] This is a partial perspective view of a protection module and bus bar according to one embodiment. [Figure 13] This is a partial perspective view of a protection module and bus bar according to one embodiment. [Figure 13A] This is a partial perspective view of a protection module and bus bar according to one embodiment. [Figure 13B]This is a partial perspective view of a protection module and bus bar according to one embodiment. [Figure 14] This is a partial perspective view of a protection module and bus bar according to one embodiment. [Figure 14A] This is a partial perspective view of a protection module and bus bar according to one embodiment. [Figure 14B] This is a partial perspective view of a protection module and bus bar according to one embodiment. [Figure 14C] This is a partial perspective view from below of a protective module and bus bar according to one embodiment. [Figure 15] This is a partial perspective view relating to a connection block or termination block according to one embodiment. [Figure 16A] This is a partial perspective view of a protection module according to one embodiment. [Figure 16B] Figure 16A is a partial perspective view from the rear of the protection module. [Figure 16C] Figure 16A is a partial perspective view of one end of the protective module. [Figure 17] This is a partial perspective view of a group of circuit protection modules according to one embodiment. [Figure 17A] Figure 17 is a partial perspective view from the rear of the circuit protection module group. [Figure 17B] This is a partial perspective view of the circuit protection module group shown in Figure 17A, connected to a bus bar. [Figure 18] This is a partial perspective view of a power distribution panel according to one embodiment. [Figure 19] This is a partial front view of a power distribution panel according to one embodiment. [Figure 20] This is a partial perspective view of a power distribution panel according to one embodiment. [Figure 21] This is a partial perspective view of a power distribution panel according to one embodiment. [Figure 22] This is a partial perspective view of a power distribution panel according to one embodiment. [Figure 23]This is a perspective view of a distribution panel according to one embodiment, illustrating possible installations. [Figure 23A] This shows a front view of a distribution panel according to one embodiment, at the installation stage. [Figure 23B] This shows a front view of a distribution panel according to one embodiment, at the installation stage. [Figure 23C] This shows a front view of a distribution panel according to one embodiment, at the installation stage. [Figure 23D] This shows a front view of a distribution panel according to one embodiment, at the installation stage. [Figure 24] This shows a rear perspective view of a power distribution panel according to one embodiment. [Figure 25] This shows a front view of a distribution panel according to one embodiment, in a partially installed state. [Figure 26] This shows a cross-sectional view of a power distribution panel according to one embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0128] The following description provides specific details to give a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments can be carried out without these specific details. For example, modules, including modules in the form of software modules, functions, circuits, etc., may be illustrated in block diagrams so as not to obscure the embodiments with unnecessary details. In other cases, well-known modules, well-known structures, and well-known technologies may not be illustrated in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments.

[0129] Furthermore, it should be noted that the embodiments may be described as processes illustrated as flowcharts, flow diagrams, structural diagrams, or block diagrams. In a flowchart, each operation may be described as a sequential process, but many operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. Additionally, the order of operations may be changed. A process terminates when its operations are completed. A process may correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc., in a computer program. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination corresponds to the function returning to the calling function or the main function.

[0130] The embodiments of the systems and methods described below may operate on any type of general-purpose computer system or general-purpose computing device, including but not limited to desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets, smart televisions, microprocessors, or mobile devices. The term "mobile device" includes, but is not limited to, wireless devices, mobile phones, smartphones, mobile communication devices, user communication devices, personal digital assistants, mobile handheld computers, laptop computers, smartwatches and head-mounted devices, wearable electronic devices capable of reading electronic content, e-book readers and reading devices, and / or other types of mobile devices typically portable by an individual and / or having some form of communication capability (e.g., wireless, infrared, short-range wireless, cellular, etc.).

[0131] 1. Pre-assembled, pre-configured, or pre-wired distribution boards The present invention generally relates to pre-assembled, pre-configured, or pre-wired power distribution and management systems for distribution boards or residential use, as well as embodiments thereof.

[0132] Referring to Figure 1, a high-level schematic overview of a system architecture 100 for a power distribution panel according to one embodiment is shown.

[0133] The grid connection module 202 connects the distribution panel to the power transmission system 120, and a main line isolation module 206 is provided downstream of the grid connection module 202. The distribution panel enclosure or housing 240 is connected to earth, and a main switch 150 is provided in the active line or phase line between the main line isolation module 206 and the phase bus bar 160. Multiple earth-neutral links 140 are provided between the neutral bus bar and the earth bus bar. Protection modules 216 and 210 interconnect the bus bars with the load (and optional supply or generation) circuit 170, as will be further described below.

[0134] A meter system, including a smart meter 130 and an optional display, is also provided together with a system control module 240 having related connectivity or communication modules 242, 232, as will be further described below.

[0135] Referring to Figure 2, one example of a physically pre-configured, pre-manufactured, or pre-wired power distribution and management system 200 for a distribution panel or residential use is shown.

[0136] As shown in Figure 2, the pre-wired switchboard 200 includes at least a grid connection module 202 configured to electrically connect the system 200 to an external grid power supply 204, a main line isolation module 206 which is electrically connected to the grid connection module 202 via a pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connection 208 and is configured to provide electrical isolation with respect to the external grid power supply 204, and each of which is electrically connected to the main line isolation module 206 via a pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connection 209 and each of which connects the system to the corresponding external or auxiliary power or electrical energy source 212a, 212b, 212c The system includes one or more auxiliary power modules 210a, 210b, 210c configured to be connected in a specific manner, one or more subcircuit protection modules 216a, 216b electrically connected to the main line isolation module 206 and one or more auxiliary power modules 210a, 210b, 210c via pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections 218, and one or more subcircuit terminations 220, each electrically connected to the corresponding subcircuit protection module 216a, 216b via pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections 222, and each configured to electrically connect the system to an external subcircuit. Note that the auxiliary power modules may be omitted in some embodiments, as will be further described below. The present invention includes subcircuit protection modules that are essentially bidirectional, i.e., subcircuit protection modules that can allow current to be supplied from an external power source to which the subcircuit is connected, such as a solar panel, wind turbine, or EV battery, thereby allowing power to be returned to the grid.

[0137] Furthermore, the present invention includes a switchboard that can be operated in islanded mode, thereby allowing the switchboard to be isolated from the grid and thus powered by a local power generator to which one or more subcircuits are connected. Islanded mode can be invoked by remotely operating a main line isolation module, or, in some embodiments, by manually disabling the switchboard from the grid. This may occur, for example, in the event of a grid fault.

[0138] Any one or more modules, namely a grid connection module, a main line isolation module, one or more auxiliary power modules, and / or one or more subcircuit protection modules, include a circuit protection system or circuit protection module 100 as referred to in Section 2 below. In such embodiments, any of the grid connection module, the main line isolation module, one or more auxiliary power modules, and / or one or more subcircuit protection modules may include or have any or some of the features referred to with respect to the circuit protection system or circuit protection module 100 of the present invention.

[0139] In one embodiment, pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections between any or some modules include one or more phase connections or active connections, neutral connections, and / or earth connections or grounding connections. Pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections between any or some modules include one or more pre-wired bus bars, for example, pre-wired bus bars having phase connections and / or neutral connections. A pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management system 200 for a distribution panel or residential use may additionally include a pre-configured or pre-wired grounding connection system that electrically connects the grounding conductors of one or more subcircuits to electrical ground.

[0140] In one embodiment, each of the one or more subcircuit terminations 220 includes one or more subcircuit conductor terminations 220a, 200b, 200c, each configured to electrically connect conductor wires of an external subcircuit.

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, the grid connection module 202 is configured to electrically connect the system 200 to one or more external grid power supplies 204, each operable to connect to the system 200 via phase and neutral connections. The main line isolation module 206 is configured to electrically connect to the grid connection module 202 via pre-wired bus bars 208 and to provide electrical isolation with respect to the external grid power supplies 204. One or more auxiliary power modules 210a, 210b, 210c are each configured to electrically connect to the main line isolation module 206 via pre-wired bus bars 209 and are each configured to electrically connect the system to the corresponding external or auxiliary power or electrical energy sources 212a, 212b, 212c, each operable to connect to the system 200. One or more subcircuit protection modules 216a, 216b are configured to be electrically connected via pre-wired bus bars 218 to the main line isolation module 206 and one or more auxiliary power modules 210a, 210b, 210c. Finally, one or more subcircuit terminations 220 are configured to be electrically connected via pre-wired bus bars 222 to the corresponding subcircuit protection modules 216a, 216b, and each is configured to be electrically connected to an external subcircuit that can be operated to connect to system 200.

[0142] In this embodiment, since each module of the system is connected via pre-wired busbars, the only external connections that need to be made by the electrician installing the distribution board are one or more external power supply systems 204, one or more optional external or auxiliary power supplies 212a, 212b, 212c if necessary, and one or more external subcircuits.

[0143] In these embodiments, pre-wired switchboards typically eliminate the need for most internal wiring, and electricians perform the connection of the grid supply and subcircuits during installation. This not only reduces the time lost during assembly and wiring compared to typical switchboards in the prior art, but also eliminates any potential human error that may occur when wiring such devices. It will be understood that in some embodiments, not all of the modules described herein are required in any given installation. For example, under the regulations of different states, regions, or countries, modules such as main line connection modules or main line disconnection modules may be replaced with other functional devices.

[0144] 1.1 Module Each of the one or more auxiliary power modules 210a, 210b, and 210c is configured to electrically connect a pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management system for a switchboard or residential to an external distributed power source or energy source. The distributed power source or energy source may include one or more of the following: vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power sources or electric vehicle (EV) power sources, battery power sources, and / or solar power sources having one or more solar panels. In such embodiments, each auxiliary power module is operable to facilitate switching of the electrically connected external distributed power source or energy source. Each auxiliary power module may also be configured to extract power from an external distributed power source or energy source, such as a solar power source or battery power source, for use in a power distribution system. As described above, subcircuit protection modules may also provide this function and, therefore, in some embodiments, replace the auxiliary modules.

[0145] Referring here to Figure 3, each of the one or more subcircuit protection modules 216a, 216b is operably connected to a centralized subcircuit controller 230. In such embodiments, the connection to the centralized subcircuit controller 230 is preferably provided via a communication module 232, which is provided via a serial communication protocol. The centralized subcircuit controller 230 can be configured to receive, as input, measurement or monitoring data related to the correspondingly connected subcircuits from one or more connected subcircuit connection modules 216a, 216b. The measurement or monitoring data may include data related to the connected subcircuits or each connected subcircuit, such as power consumption data, operating conditions, and / or data analysis.

[0146] In one embodiment, each of the one or more subcircuit terminations 220 includes a pre-configured subcircuit connection module, such as those referred to in relation to the subcircuit connection system of the present invention as described in Section 3 below. In such embodiments, the one or more subcircuit terminations may include or have any one or more feature points relating to the pre-configured subcircuit connection module, such as those referred to in relation to the subcircuit connection system of the present invention.

[0147] In one embodiment, each subcircuit termination 220 includes a plurality of subcircuit conductor terminations 220a, 220b, 220c, each configured to electrically connect to a conductor of an external subcircuit. In these embodiments, each subcircuit conductor termination 220a, 220b, 220c may include an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the wire ends of the subcircuit conductors.

[0148] In some embodiments, subcircuit protection modules are configured to supply numerous electrical safety requirements necessary for residential switchboard installations, grid connection modules are configured to provide power measurement capabilities to the installation, and one or more auxiliary power modules are configured to provide allocated endpoints for the installation, such as, but not limited to, vehicle-to-grid inverters, solar inverters, and battery energy storage inverters. In some embodiments, each module is configured to plug into a pre-assigned position within a switchboard that has pre-fabricated lines and load connections in place. This means that both the unprotected supply (lines) from the grid and the protected supply (loads) to the subcircuits are already in place, and no further internal work is required other than connecting each subcircuit to its subcircuit termination.

[0149] In some embodiments, one or more modules are configured to have identical or similar hardware components, and the difference between different modules in these embodiments is embedded firmware that controls the function of each module. This allows for standardization and simplification when it becomes necessary to replace modules in a distribution panel, and eliminates the need for protection devices of different ratings or sizes. In some embodiments, the modules, or each module, are fitted with a single-pole relay that is operated by software to open and close a circuit, and the single-pole relay may be controlled via a serial communication protocol and may be configured to be remotely controlled by one or more third parties, such as homeowners, energy retailers, and / or distributors.

[0150] In some embodiments, one or more modules may have a color-changing LED operation indicator. This indicator is configured to light up when a fault condition is active or present, and may also be configured to indicate what fault is present by a corresponding color. In further embodiments, each module is configured to monitor or measure at least voltage and current data associated with the module and to transmit this data to either a module protection controller or a circuit protection controller, or a centralized controller. In these embodiments, each module is configured to perform all tasks (data acquisition and data transfer, control) in real time and to communicate with the desired controller via a wired serial communication protocol. In further embodiments, small amounts of real-time consumption data collected from each module may be used for machine learning-supported load splitting.

[0151] In one embodiment, each of the one or more auxiliary power modules is configured to facilitate the switching of any connected external or auxiliary power or electrical energy source, or the switching of a self-generated distributed power source. The modules are also configured to control / switch each of the external or auxiliary power or electrical energy sources to control the distribution of electricity to the home. In a further embodiment, each of the auxiliary power modules is further configured so that the user can select various types of electrical safety parameters required for the connected load. Furthermore, each auxiliary power module may be configured to transfer data to a controller, such as data related to power quality and / or net consumption.

[0152] In one embodiment, the main line isolation module is configured to provide a main line isolation point for a switchboard. In another embodiment, the main line isolation module is configured to provide protection against circuit short circuits and overloads so that the main line isolation module protects the entire installation as well as specific connected loads.

[0153] 1.2 Control Modes As shown in Figures 4 and 5, a pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management system 200 for a distribution panel or residential further includes a system controller 240. The system controller 240 is operably connected to one or more modules. The system controller may further be operably connected to one or more controllers of each module, in embodiments where each module has a controller. In these embodiments, the system controller 240 may further include a communication module 242 operable to connect to the controller and / or communication module for each of the one or more modules. In some embodiments, the communication module 242 of the system controller 240 is electrically connected to each controller of the modules via a wired communication link. The wired communication protocol may be, for example, CAN bus or Ethernet®.

[0154] Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the module or the controller of each module is configured to transmit measurement or monitoring data to the system controller 240. The measurement or monitoring data may be related to the corresponding module. The measurement or monitoring data may include power consumption data, data related to operating conditions, and / or data analysis. For example, the module controller can be operated to transmit at least voltage data and / or current data as input to the system controller 240. In these embodiments, the system controller is configured to monitor the voltage and / or current through each module in real time.

[0155] As shown in Figure 6, the system controller 240 is configured to be connected to the sub-circuit controller 230. In such an embodiment, the sub-circuit controller 230 is configured as described above in relation to Figure 3 and is operable to receive and process data related to one or more sub-circuit connection modules 216a, 216b, and further transmit control signals to one or more sub-circuit connection modules 216a, 216b. The received data is then further provided to the system controller 240, which is configured to function as described below. The system controller 240 is further configured to provide control signals to one or more sub-circuit connection modules 216a, 216b via the sub-circuit controller 230.

[0156] Referring to Figures 4, 5, and 6, the system controller 240 is configured to transmit one or more control signals as input to the connected modules or each connected module. In these embodiments, the control signals are operable to open or close the electrical circuits of the modules or each module. In some embodiments, the control signals are further operable to open or close the corresponding electrical circuits of the modules or each module by controlling the electrical relay devices of the modules.

[0157] In one embodiment, the system controller 240 corresponds to a centralized control system or server 120, as referred to in relation to embodiments of the circuit protection system of the present invention, which will be described in detail in relation to Figure 8 in the following Section 2. As understood, the system controller 240 may further include or have any one or more features referred to in relation to the centralized control system or server 120 in embodiments of the circuit protection system of the present invention.

[0158] The system controller 240 is configured to at least detect and / or learn specific current characteristics with respect to the electrical circuits and / or loads configured to be connected to each module, based on one or more of the power consumption data, operating condition-related data, and / or data analysis, as provided by the controllers of one or more modules. In some embodiments, the system controller 240 is further configured to provide load-specific consumption data analysis, based on the power consumption data, operating condition-related data, and / or data analysis, as provided by the controllers of each module.

[0159] The system controller 240 may be further configured to detect specific load characteristics with respect to a module or electrical circuits and / or loads configured to be connected to a module by using one or more machine learning algorithms based on data received from one or more modules or data monitored by one or more modules, including, for example, power consumption data, data related to operating conditions, and / or one or more data analyses, provided by the module or the controller of each module. The system controller 240 is configured to track the performance and understand fault conditions related to each electrical circuit and / or each load configured to be connected to a module by using one or more machine learning algorithms.

[0160] The system controller 240 may be further configured to transfer data to a connected module or each connected module and / or perform software or firmware updates to update one or more of the module's software or firmware, for example, to introduce a new function or to fix a bug. In some embodiments, the system controller 240 may be further configured to perform one or more remote monitoring, power consumption monitoring, and / or status monitoring of the electrical circuits of one or more connected modules.

[0161] The system controller 240 can be further configured to be electrically connected to a power meter. Alternatively or additionally, the system controller can be configured in combination with a grid connection module to provide a power meter. The power meter can be configured to provide a net measuring device, for example, with respect to a distribution panel for a home. The net measuring device can conform to IEC standard 62053-22. The provided net measuring device may include any of the following: mainline power quality measurement, bidirectional current sensing, and / or on / off supply control.

[0162] In some embodiments, the system controller is configured to determine or calculate the net power consumption for a distribution board or residential power distribution and management system based on the module or the data provided by each module.

[0163] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the system controller is further configured to connect to an LCD screen 244. The LCD screen 244 can be an LCD touchscreen, which is configured to receive user input and / or function as a local human-machine interface (HMI), and is further configured to display data or information related to a switchboard or residential power distribution management system. The LCD screen 244 can be configured to display real-time monitoring data or consumption data of a switchboard or residential power distribution management system to the user. The LCD touchscreen can be further configured to receive control inputs from the user related to the control of one or more modules connected to the system controller.

[0164] Referring to Figures 5 and 6, the system controller 240 may also include an embedded communication module 242. In such embodiments, the embedded communication module 242 is configured to enable communication and two-way data transfer to one or more external servers or systems 246. The communication module 242 is configured to enable wired or wireless communication and two-way data transfer to the external servers or systems 246 using any one or more communication modules of cellular (3G, 4G, 5G) Wi-Fi, Ethernet®, and / or optical fiber. In these embodiments, the communication module 242 is configured to enable communication and two-way data transfer to an external server or system for transferring retail billing data in real time.

[0165] An external server or system 246, or each external server or system 246, may include at least one database 248. The database (one or more) is configured to store data received from the system controller 240. The data received from the system controller 240 relates to consumption data and / or usage data for any one or more modules. In some embodiments, the external server or system 246 is cloud-based. In some embodiments, the external server or system 246 is further configured to provide analysis, demand analysis, or consumption analysis of the received consumption data and / or usage data for one or more modules.

[0166] An external server or system 246 is further configured to transmit one or more control signals to the system controller 240. In such embodiments, the control signals are configured to control one or more modules of the system. The control signals are configured to switch or trigger one or more relays of any one or more modules to turn on or off, which, as understood, causes or triggers the opening and closing of the electrical circuits of the modules.

[0167] The external grid power supply, as understood, includes the supply of electrical energy. The supply of electrical energy may be provided by one or more external grid suppliers. In some embodiments, the external grid suppliers have access to an external server or system 246. In such embodiments, one or more electrical grid suppliers may receive data relating to consumption data and / or usage data with respect to one or more modules, and / or may transmit one or more control signals from the external server or system to switch on or switch off any one or more relays of one or more modules. In such embodiments, the electrical grid suppliers may transmit one or more control signals to switch off heavy loads during peak demand for the external grid power supply.

[0168] The power distribution board or power management / distribution system 200 of the present invention is configured to provide power distribution and management from an external power grid to a household including one or more subcircuits when electrically or operably connected to an external power grid and one or more subcircuits.

[0169] The system controller 240 and / or the external server or system 246 are further configured to provide economical and / or energy-efficient power distribution and management based on received inputs from the module and from the external server or system. The system controller and / or the external server or system are configured to provide energy supply management for one or more subcircuits by reducing the peak load of the power supply provider by selectively supplying energy to subcircuits and / or electrical equipment with high load consumption during periods of low power system demand.

[0170] The system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, are configured to provide individual switch-on or switch-off for individual subcircuits based on load consumption data from one or more modules, and / or based on power demand or grid supply prices provided by a third party. In these embodiments, the third party is a power retailer or power distributor.

[0171] The system controller 240 and / or the external server or system 246 are configured to receive real-time electricity price data related to the supply of electrical energy provided by an external grid supplier. In such embodiments, the system controller 240 and / or the external server or system 246 are configured to analyze and compare the real-time electricity price data with real-time load consumption or usage for the system and / or one or more modules. The system controller 240 and / or the external server 246 or system are further configured to calculate the most economical and / or most energy-efficient distribution and management for the system based on the analysis or comparison of the real-time electricity price data and the real-time load consumption of the system. In some embodiments, the system controller 240 and / or the external server or system 246 are configured to manage the supply of electrical energy to subcircuits in such a way that household electricity costs are optimally reduced, based on a real-time analysis of the electricity price data and the load consumption for one or more modules and / or the system.

[0172] The system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, are further configured to optimize the transition between available alternative power sources or alternative electrical energy sources in order to reduce household electricity costs and / or the demand for external grid power. In such embodiments, the system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246 are configured to control one or more modules of a distribution board or distribution and management system based on an analysis of real-time electricity price data and real-time load consumption data, in order to ensure that the electricity used in the household is maintained at the lowest optimal price or rate. For example, this may include charging one or more batteries or EV-based auxiliary power sources when electricity is at a lower relative rate, and / or supplying electrical energy to the system by using one or more auxiliary power sources when electricity is at a higher relative rate, and / or selling electricity back to the external grid supplier by diverting electricity from one or more auxiliary power sources to the external grid power when electricity is at a higher relative rate.

[0173] The system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, are configured to provide power supply management for one or more subcircuits by selectively supplying energy to subcircuits with high load consumption during periods of low electrical system demand, thereby reducing the peak load of the external electrical system supplier. It can be understood that energy usage can be monitored for each subcircuit using individual circuit protection devices or individual circuit protection modules.

[0174] The system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, are configured to receive data related to at least consumption from one or more modules and to transmit control commands to one or more modules. This transmission and reception allows each home to have control and flexibility regarding its home energy management via the distribution board. In one embodiment, the distribution board 200 is configured to create a real-time virtual power information platform by providing its own portal that can utilize data collected from one or more modules, at least via the controller and / or via the external server or system. Within this platform is information available to the homeowner or other party, such as real-time consumption data, the operating status of any connected loads in the facility, usage time analysis, and predictive suggestions based on energy usage patterns. The platform is also configured to facilitate remote control of connected subcircuits or loads within the home, for example, via demand response programs, controlled energy retail plans, and general homeowner controls. The controller, and / or an external server or system, may further host subcircuits or load decomposition, supported by machine learning algorithms, and may provide unique insights, including electrical equipment / device-level detections regarding energy usage characteristics and performance.

[0175] The system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, are further configured to adjust the current protection of each connected subcircuit to its actual load requirements. Each module or module is configured to have trip curve ratings based on one or more connected loads or connected subcircuits. Each trip curve rating determines the level at which the module will instantaneously trip, i.e., a short circuit, and also determines the time required for tripping under less severe overload conditions. Each module or module is also configured to adjust the trip curve ratings to the precise requirements of the connected (one or more) loads and / or subcircuits. Some connected electrical equipment or devices typically require larger-than-usual starting currents depending on their age or construction. The system controller, and / or the external server or system, are configured to detect these specific load characteristics and to avoid troublesome trips by precisely adjusting the trip curve ratings to provide a higher level of operational safety. The system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, may perform this using one or more machine learning algorithms. This will provide the most flexible and accurate short-circuit and overload circuit protection possible for any residential environment.

[0176] Any fault data recorded or measured by one or more modules and received and / or processed by the system controller 240 and / or by an external server or system 246 via one or more machine learning algorithms is configured to enable continuous progress and understanding of fault conditions that may occur in residential distribution boards or equipment. Each subcircuit device, or load connected within a subcircuit, will have its own unique sinusoidal characteristics, whether faulty or not. The system controller and / or the external server or system is configured to quickly and accurately learn the isolation between each load characteristic down to the level of specific electrical equipment connected to a single subcircuit, such as a refrigerator, toaster, kettle, or heat pump.

[0177] The system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, is configured to employ one or more machine learning algorithms capable of identifying the active performance of each subcircuit, and / or the active performance of each device, load, or electrical equipment having a subcircuit. The machine learning algorithms (one or more) can also track the performance of each subcircuit, and / or the performance of each load, device, or electrical equipment having a subcircuit over time. Having this critical performance data provides the ability to understand when a subcircuit, and / or each load, device, or electrical equipment having a subcircuit, is not operating at its intended efficiency, which helps to assist the subcircuit, and / or each load, device, or electrical equipment having a subcircuit that is using excessive power. The fact that an electrical equipment or device is operating does not mean it is functioning normally. This also allows for accurate prediction of when electrical equipment may soon fail, and can help prevent failure or harmful equipment damage.

[0178] The system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, are configured to continuously or periodically analyze the load consumption of subcircuits, including for fault detection, and to ensure that the circuits always have an appropriate level of protection, and are further configured to be able to act to quickly protect subcircuits from faults. All data monitored or measured enables the system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, to adapt to newer technologies and to problems facing challenging and more sporadic load profiles. This can be done using one or more machine learning algorithms. Each module is configured to continuously adapt to its particular subcircuit and / or load profile by monitoring and analyzing the power consumed, either through its own controller, or through the system controller 240, and / or through the external server or system 246. In some embodiments, when updates to improve electrical safety performance are tested and approved, these updates can be remotely updated for each module, via the system controller 240, and / or through the external server or system 246.

[0179] By using one or more machine learning algorithms, the system controller and / or external server or system are configured to adapt to the specific load consumption for all installations, meaning that regardless of how or when electricity is used in the home, the system controller and / or external server or system are configured to adapt and learn using the received data.

[0180] The system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246, are configured in combination with one or more auxiliary power modules 210a, 210b, 210c to facilitate the management of on-premises power sources such as solar, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), batteries, or generators. By monitoring the wholesale electricity price market, the system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246 are configured to effectively transition between available alternative power sources during peak hours, ensuring that electricity is maintained at the lowest possible rate for homeowners, while also reducing environmental impact and impact on generators and distributors. When electricity is available at its lowest rate, the system controller 240, and / or the external server or system 246 are configured to utilize it and, for example, to charge any possible battery-intensive products. The following examples outline different exemplary scenarios for this functionality.

[0181] Example 1: Demonstrates a situation where an electric vehicle is connected to an inverter in a home, its battery is fully charged, but the power demand is highest and the cost of power consumption is highest. The system controller and / or external server or system are configured to utilize a V2G inverter connected to one auxiliary power module and to extract power from the electric vehicle to supply power to the home. For example, this may include using the electric vehicle to power a clothes dryer or an electric water heater. A typical electric vehicle battery has enough charge to supply power to an average home for up to four days on average.

[0182] Example 2: Demonstrates a scenario where an electric vehicle or energy storage battery is connected to an inverter in a home, where electricity prices are lowest. The system controller and / or external server or system are configured to draw power from an external grid power source and charge the energy storage battery and / or electric vehicle device to prepare for peak price hours. As soon as sufficient charge is reached and peak hours begin to approach, the system controller and / or external server or system can shut off the external grid power source by comparing it with machine learning data regarding the home's consumption history and usage time, and can manage the stored battery energy in the most efficient manner possible with respect to the power supply to the home.

[0183] Example 3: Demonstrate a situation where a household has the capacity to store energy, for example, through one or more batteries or electric vehicles, and the household's maximum load consumption occurs when overall demand for supply is low, and therefore prices are low. The system controller and / or external server or system are configured to manage the optimal time to sell back excess stored power to the grid due to high demand and prices. This allows the homeowner to gain an economic benefit and reduces the burden on the power distributor regarding peak demand supply. When this event occurs and demand decreases again, the system controller and / or external server or system can extract power from the grid or recharge the battery power at a discounted price using solar power (if available).

[0184] The methodology behind this is to provide economical and energy-efficient solutions for all homeowners, regardless of size or consumption.

[0185] 1.3 IoT Connectivity The system controller and / or external server system is further configured to operably connect to one or more Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices located within or associated with a home in which a distribution board is installed. In such embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system is configured to operably connect to one or more IoT-enabled devices using a communication module or each communication module. For example, the communication module or each communication module is configured to operably connect to one or more IoT-enabled devices using one or more communication protocols, including Zigbee, IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Long Range Radio (LoRa), and / or Wi-Fi. The system controller and / or external server system is configured to receive data related to one or more connected IoT-enabled devices, and in some embodiments, the controller is configured to receive data related to the power consumption or usage of the connected IoT-enabled devices.

[0186] The system controller and / or external server system are configured to store data received from connected IoT-enabled devices and to establish a portfolio or directory of connected IoT-enabled devices and / or previously connected IoT-enabled devices based on the data received from one or more IoT-enabled devices. In some embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system are further configured to send one or more command signals to one or more connected IoT-enabled devices. In such embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system are further configured to send one or more command signals to switch one or more connected IoT-enabled devices on or off.

[0187] The system controller and / or external server system can be further configured to determine the load characteristics of one or more connected IoT devices. The system controller and / or external server system can be further configured to match or pair the load characteristics of the connected IoT devices with the load characteristics of one subcircuit as measured by one subcircuit protection module. In some embodiments, the system controller and / or external server system can be configured to use the load characteristics of the connected IoT devices as input to a machine learning algorithm. In such embodiments, the machine learning algorithm can determine one or more characteristics with respect to a subcircuit connected to the subcircuit protection module.

[0188] Having this interaction with connected devices enables the system controller and / or external servers or systems to build a portfolio of electrical appliances / devices for each home, and improves their ability to monitor, manage, and / or control specific items within the home. This enhances the system's functionality and real-time machine learning capabilities, accelerating the learning process by the system controller and / or external servers or systems to discover the load characteristics of electrical appliances / devices.

[0189] 1.4 Housing and Equipment Pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management systems for distribution boards or residential use are configured to be housed inside a housing or enclosure. In such embodiments, the housing or enclosure is a typical or existing housing or enclosure for a residential distribution board.

[0190] A pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connection that electrically connects one or more modules is a pre-configured or pre-wired bus bar. In some embodiments, the bus bar is a copper or aluminum bus bar, or a copper or aluminum flat strip. The bus bar is capable of carrying high currents between the modules to which it connects within a switchboard. The bus bar may be supported by an insulator so that only the connection point is exposed, or it may be an exposed bus bar.

[0191] Each module may be configured to be electrically connected to one or more pre-configured or pre-wired connection points. In some embodiments, one or more pre-configured or pre-wired connection points are electrically connected to one or more pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections between modules. Furthermore, the pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections electrically connecting the modules may be fixed in position relative to the distribution panel. In some embodiments, the pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections electrically connecting the modules are configured to define the location where each module will be seated within a pre-configured or pre-wired distribution panel or residential power distribution and management system.

[0192] The present invention also, in a broader sense, relates to a method for installing a pre-wired switchboard, the method comprising the steps of: electrically connecting an external grid power supply to a grid connection module; and electrically connecting the wire ends of one or more subcircuit conductors to corresponding subcircuit ends. The method further comprises electrically connecting one or more auxiliary power supplies or external distributed power supplies or external distributed energy sources to one auxiliary power supply module. A pre-manufactured switchboard installed as part of this method may include or have any one or more features mentioned with respect to the pre-wired switchboard of the present invention.

[0193] 2. Circuit protection module Referring to Figure 7, an exemplary embodiment of a further aspect of the present invention is shown relating to a circuit protection system 100 for use in a switchboard or power distribution and management system. The circuit protection system 100 includes one or more electrical input connectors 108 configured to connect to at least one power source, one or more electrical output connectors 110 configured to supply power to electrical outputs, and one or more electrical circuits 106 provided between the one or more electrical input connectors 108 and the one or more electrical output connectors 110, and a load monitoring device 104 electrically connected between the electrical input connectors 108 and the electrical output connectors 110 and operable to determine one or more characteristics or attributes with respect to one or more electrical circuits 106, and operable to open or close one or more electrical circuits 106 based on control signals. The system includes an electrical relay device 102 and a controller 112 operably connected to the electrical relay device 102 and the load monitoring device 104, wherein the controller 112 is configured to receive one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits 106 as input from the load monitoring device 104, to determine whether one or more fault conditions exist in one or more electrical circuits 106 based on an analysis of one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits, and to transmit one or more control signals to the electrical relay device 102 to open or close one or more electrical circuits 106 if a fault condition is detected based on an analysis of one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits.

[0194] 2.1 Control and Monitoring Devices Referring again to Figure 7, the electrical relay device 102 is configured to receive control signals from the controller 112. The control signals are operable to trigger the electrical relay device, thereby opening or closing one or more electrical circuits 106. The electrical relay device 102 has one or more electrical relays, each corresponding to one electrical circuit 106. Each electrical relay device 102 is operable to open or close its corresponding electrical circuit 106 based on the control signals. The electrical relay device 102, or each electrical relay device 102, is understood to be a unipolar relay and / or a bistable relay or latching relay, or any other type of relay device.

[0195] The load monitoring device 104 is operably connected in series between the electrical input connector and the electrical output connector within one or more electrical circuits 106. The load monitoring device 104 may also be operably connected in the electrical circuit 106 upstream of the electrical relay device 102. In an alternative embodiment, the load monitoring device 104 is operably connected in parallel to one or more electrical circuits 106 between the electrical input connector and the electrical output connector.

[0196] One or more characteristics or attributes relating to one or more electrical circuits, measured or determined by the load monitoring device 104, include at least voltage and / or current through one or more electrical circuits 106. These one or more characteristics or attributes relating to one or more electrical circuits may further include real-time readings of voltage and / or current. These one or more characteristics or attributes relating to one or more electrical circuits may further include waveforms or waveform patterns relating to voltage and / or current through one or more electrical circuits.

[0197] The load monitoring device 104 has at least a current sensor and / or a voltage sensor. In some embodiments, the current sensor is a current transformer. In such embodiments, the current transformer is configured to be a high-frequency and / or low-frequency current transformer, or any other type of load measuring device, as understood.

[0198] 2.2 Control Modes of Circuit Protection Modules The controller 112 is configured to receive voltage and / or current readings for one or more electrical circuits as input from the load monitoring device 104. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to receive waveforms or waveform patterns for voltage and / or current through one or more electrical circuits as input from the load monitoring device.

[0199] The controller 112 is configured to analyze one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits, such as voltage and / or current, and to determine whether those characteristics or attributes indicate one or more fault conditions within the electrical circuits. The controller 112 is configured to determine whether one or more fault conditions exist within one or more electrical circuits 106, having at least one of the following: short circuit, overload, overvoltage, overcurrent, AC leakage and / or DC leakage, and / or hazardous arc fault. One or more fault conditions may have a specific threshold or trip curve, in which case the controller indicates a fault condition if one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits exceed the threshold or trip curve. The controller 112 is further configured to adjust a specific threshold or trip curve for each of the one or more fault conditions. Specific thresholds or trip curves for each of one or more fault conditions can be adjusted based on the real-time load requirements of the electrical circuit.

[0200] The controller 112 is configured to transmit one or more control signals to the electrical relay device 102 to open or close one or more electrical circuits 106 when a fault condition is detected, based on an analysis of one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits.

[0201] The response time of the controller 112 when determining the fault condition and transmitting control signals to the electrical relay device is preferably on the order of microseconds or nanoseconds. The controller's response time in responding to the determination of the fault condition allows for the detection and removal of hazardous arc faults in one or more electrical circuits.

[0202] 2.3 Centralized Control and Communication Referring to Figure 8, the controller 112 is further operably connected to a centralized control system or server 120. This connection can be provided via a communication module 114. The communication module may use a serial communication protocol to connect to the centralized control system or server 120. The centralized control system or server is configured to connect to the controller 112 of one or more different circuit protection systems 100.

[0203] The controller 112 is configured to transmit measurement data or monitoring data to a centralized control system or server 120. The measurement data or monitoring data may include at least power consumption data, data related to operating conditions, and / or data analysis. In some embodiments in which the circuit protection system 100 is used as at least one module of a pre-configured or pre-wired switchboard or residential power distribution and management system 200, the centralized control system or server 112 corresponds to a system controller 240 and / or an external system or server 246. In embodiments in which the centralized control system or server 112 corresponds to an external system or server 246, it will be understood that the controller 112 may communicate with an intermediate controller, such as one that may correspond to the system controller 240, and that such intermediate controller communicates with the external system or server 246.

[0204] The controller 112 is further configured to receive external control commands from a centralized control system or server 120. The external control commands are operable to control or trigger an electrical relay device 102 to open or close the corresponding electrical circuit 106.

[0205] The centralized control system or server 120 is configured to detect and learn specific current characteristics of the electrical circuit 106 and / or load configured to be connected to the electrical output connector 110, based on at least one of power consumption data, operating condition-related data, and / or data analysis, such as provided by the controller. The centralized control system or server is configured to provide specific power consumption data analysis or feedback of the load, based on at least one of power consumption data, operating condition-related data, and / or data analysis, such as provided by the controller 112.

[0206] The centralized control system or server 120 is configured to detect specific load characteristics relating to the electrical circuits 106 and / or loads configured to be connected to the electrical output connectors 110, based on at least power consumption data, data related to operating conditions, and / or data analysis, such as those provided by the controller 112, using one or more machine learning algorithms. The centralized control system or server is configured to track performance and to understand fault conditions relating to each electrical circuit and / or each load configured to be connected to the electrical output connectors, using one or more machine learning algorithms.

[0207] The load monitoring device 104 is configured to measure voltage and / or current across one or more electrical circuits 106. The electrical circuits 106 may include phase lines and neutral lines. Alternatively, one electrical circuit may be a phase line and another electrical circuit may be a neutral line. The load monitoring device 104 is configured to measure current within one or more electrical circuits 106 using separate load monitoring devices across both the phase wire and the neutral wire. The load monitoring device is preferably a current transformer. The current transformer measures various fluctuations that may occur due to various load conditions, including circuit short circuits and overloads, AC and DC leakage currents, and arc faults.

[0208] Using measurements obtained via the load monitoring device 104, the controller 112 is configured to develop a load characteristic platform and to simulate a sine wave calculated from the recording. The circuit protection system 100 is configured to generate its own specific load profile depending on the load connected to the output connector 110. For example, using existing AS / NZS installation and electrical standards and regulations for all forms of circuit protection, the controller 112 is configured to determine the required level of protection for circuit protection based on measurements from the load monitoring device 104.

[0209] The controller 112 is configured to have an existing set of parameters that can represent specific fault characteristics for each form of circuit protection. The load profile can be continuously compared against this existing set of parameters to determine whether the current consumption is operating under normal conditions or whether a fault is present. During this process, if any data is found to be very close to the existing set of parameters, that data is recorded, an alert is issued, and further investigation using machine learning is possible. If no fault is found, the measurement or monitoring process of the electrical circuit 106 is repeated. If a fault is found, it is decided to interrupt the electrical circuit 106 using the electrical relay device 102.

[0210] If the controller 112 determines that a fault condition exists, the controller sends a control signal or command to the electrical relay device 102 to trigger or interrupt the electrical circuit 106. This control signal, along with the load profile and trip time, is recorded by the controller 112, and an alert is issued for further investigation.

[0211] 2.4 Inputs and Outputs One or more electrical input connectors 108 are configured to connect to an active conductor line or a phase conductor line and / or a neutral conductor line. In some embodiments, a first electrical input connector is configured to connect to an active conductor or a phase conductor, and a second electrical input connector is configured to connect to a neutral conductor.

[0212] Similarly, one or more electrical output connectors 110 are also configured to connect to active conductor lines or phase conductor lines and / or neutral conductor lines. In some embodiments, the first electrical output connector is configured to connect to an active conductor or a phase conductor, and the second electrical output connector is configured to connect to a neutral conductor.

[0213] Following this, a first electrical circuit is provided between the first electrical input connector and the first electrical output connector, and this first electrical circuit has an active circuit or a phase circuit, and a second electrical circuit is provided between the second electrical input connector and the second electrical output connector, and this second electrical circuit has a neutral circuit.

[0214] Additionally, one or more electrical input connectors 108 and one or more electrical output connectors 110 are configured to match one or more pre-fabricated connection points, allowing for easy installation of a circuit protection system inside a switchboard or power distribution / management system.

[0215] The circuit protection system 100 further includes a status indicator. The status indicator may be in the form of one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In some embodiments, the LEDs are operably connected to a controller 112. In these embodiments, the LEDs are operable to indicate one or more fault conditions with respect to one or more circuits provided within the circuit protection system, as determined by the controller 112. As described below, in some embodiments, the status indicator may have physical indicators, such as visually observable features that move physically, so that a user can observe and identify an operable or inoperable state.

[0216] Here, with reference to Figure 9, a system diagram of module 100 substantially as disclosed above will be described according to one embodiment or example. Although examples of physical modules will be described further below, for the purposes of the present invention, module 100 may be integrally connected as a pre-wired component of a switchboard. Accordingly, the connections 108 relating to module 100 are pre-wired or pre-connected to the bus bars 160, 162, and 164 of the switchboard.

[0217] The isolation transformer 170, which may also be a step-down transformer, preferably has a primary winding connected between an active line and a neutral line, and on its secondary side supplies an isolated low voltage, which, when appropriately adjusted in known embodiments at 172, can provide one or more low-voltage power supplies used to power the sensing and control circuits. Power outputs for various sensing and control circuits are shown as line 174. The transformer supplies power to the low-voltage side of module 100. The isolation between the isolated low-voltage and high-voltage regions of module 100 is schematically shown in Figure 9 by isolation line 176.

[0218] In the example shown in Figure 9, an insulating component comprising both a mechanical air-gap type interruption unit, such as a mechanical relay, and a solid-state relay connected in series to it, is provided to enable the function of a circuit breaker when a fault is detected. This provides a fail-safe system that combines the high-speed turn-off function of a solid-state switch with the mechanical reliability of isolated electrical contacts, as will be explained below.

[0219] Relay 179 has a normally open two-pole single-throw contact 180 that electrically and physically isolates the subcircuit to which the module is connected from the phase bus bar 160 and the neutral bus bar 162. The relay driver 182 is operable to open and close the relay in response to a control signal from the controller 112 (which may include a microcontroller, as shown in this example). The air gap present in the open position may be measured cumulatively to at least about 4 mm in some examples.

[0220] In one embodiment, the relay contact 180 is mechanically connected to an indicator 186 and can be driven by a physical lever, such as a switch, which is biased to the open position by a locking mechanism 188. In some examples, when the switch is physically in the off position, the relay driver cannot override the OFF setting, i.e., cannot close the relay contact. However, when the switch 188 is in the ON position and the relay driver switches the relay contact to the OFF position, the mechanical switch moves to the OFF position and remains in the OFF position until the user switches the switch to the ON position. In other examples, the switch can be switched between the ON and OFF positions, but can be locked out to the OFF position if necessary.

[0221] An additional set of contacts 190 is linked to the primary two-pole contact set. Contacts 190 are connected to a sensing interface 192, which allows the state of contacts 180 to be determined using the sensing interface. Thus, the sensing interface 192 can notify the controller 112 if, for example, the switch 188 is driven to the OFF state. The controller 112 can use this information to ensure that the solid-state relay 306 remains in the OFF state. In some examples, contacts 190 are physically driven between a closed state (i.e., in contact) or an open state prior to contacts 180 moving between a closed state and an open state. In this way, the controller 112 can perform appropriate driving by controlling the solid-state relay 306 (described further below). For example, the microcontroller 112 can detect that a user is about to open contacts 180, thereby opening the solid-state relay before contacts 180 are opened, thereby preventing or minimizing arc discharge between contacts 180. Similarly, if the user resets relay 179 using a switch or other command, the controller 112 may close the relay contact 180 before closing (or completely closing) solid-state relay 306.

[0222] The indicator 186 can take on a variety of forms. The indicator may include, for example, a switch toggle or a slider, or it may include other features that move to provide a display, such as a green side or a red side, which becomes visible when the relay contact 180 is physically OFF or ON.

[0223] A residual current detector is provided to detect current imbalances in the phase line and neutral line. Those skilled in the art will understand that many different detection circuits can be employed. In this example, a flux gate sensor is used, comprising a toroid 190 having a drive coil 192 and a test coil 194, which are driven by a flux gate driver circuit 196. The driver circuit is configured to detect current imbalances exceeding a predetermined threshold (which may be established or set by the microcontroller 112) and to provide this information to the microcontroller. Alternatively, the flux gate driver circuit may provide outputs that represent the phase current and neutral current as interpreted by the microcontroller 112, so that when a detection output indicating a fault is received, the microcontroller can take appropriate action, namely, open relay 179 and solid-state relay 306.

[0224] A primary current sensor is also provided to detect excessive current when relays 179 and 306 are opened. Those skilled in the art will understand that many different current sensing circuit topologies can be employed. In this example, a Hall effect sensor is used, which has an interface 300 that provides the sensor output to a microcontroller 112, so that when a sensor output indicating a fault is received, the microcontroller can take appropriate action, namely, open relays 179 and solid-state relay 306.

[0225] As summarized above, the SiC switch 306 provides the solid-state relay shown in Figure 9. This has the significant advantage of providing a very fast switch-off time while having good thermal performance when ON. The solid-state relay is driven by a gate driver 308, which is operated by a microcontroller 112 via an isolated interface such as an optical coupler. The gate driver is powered by an isolated gate driver power supply 312.

[0226] A snubber 314 and a varistor 316, which in this example has an MOV (metal oxide varistor), are installed across the switch to handle transient phenomena.

[0227] The SiC switch 306 has one or more heatsinks 302 thermally coupled to the switch. To ensure adequate thermal protection, the temperature of the heatsinks is monitored using a temperature sensor 304. The output of the temperature sensor is provided to a microcontroller 112, so that if the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold, the microcontroller can take appropriate action, such as switching the relay 306 to the OFF state.

[0228] A line voltage sensor 318 is also provided to monitor the voltage of the phase line. An isolated interface 320 for the voltage sensor allows the sensor output to be provided to the microcontroller 112, so that the microcontroller can take appropriate action if a voltage threshold is exceeded, for example, by switching relays 306 and / or 179 to the OFF state. In other examples, line voltage sensors are provided at other locations, for example, at the location of the active line adjacent to one or both sides of relay 179. These additional sensors can be used to provide additional information regarding the presence of a fault or a condition that may lead to a fault. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the voltage sensor can be used to detect a voltage zero crossover, and thus provide information to the microcontroller, so that the microcontroller can determine the appropriate or optimal timing for switching the solid-state relay 306 between the On and OFF states. In some embodiments, relay 306 may also be operated by the microcontroller to control or regulate the power supplied to the subcircuit to which this relay is connected.

[0229] Those skilled in the art will see that, depending on the intended use and application of the circuit protection module, and / or depending on the regulations of the state or country in which the module is used, other sensors and sensing circuits may be added, and that in some embodiments, it may not be necessary to provide all the sensors described in the above examples.

[0230] Each module may have an ON / OFF button or switch that can activate a locking mechanism 188 and a toggle or slide indicator 186 to provide a visible mechanical (and electrical, such as via an LED) status indicator, as shown in Figure 9. An RCD test button 326 is also provided, along with an optional display 324. In one example or embodiment, activation (e.g., pressing) of the RCD test button causes the microcontroller 112 to send a test command or test signal to the flux gate driver 196. This causes the driver to energize the test winding 192, causing a change in the electric field to be detected. If the sensor is functioning correctly, an imbalance or disturbance in the electric field will be detected, causing the driver to send a fault signal to the microcontroller. Thus, RCD testing can be performed without making a physical connection to the active line.

[0231] One embodiment of the RCD function includes a self-testing method in which the microcontroller 112 periodically transmits a signal to the flux gate driver 196 to engage the test winding 192, while simultaneously preventing the received signal from tripping a solid-state relay 306 or relay 179. By such means, the system may determine that the RCD detection function remains operational. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such a mechanism must be organized without impairing the normal safety features of the RCD. In one example of means to achieve this, the self-test may be performed in microseconds, in contrast to the actual RCD failure requiring circuit interruption time in milliseconds.

[0232] A further embodiment of the system combines signals from the primary current sensor, the residual current sensor, and the line voltage sensor using a software algorithm within the microcontroller 112 to provide an arc fault detection mechanism. When a signal indicating an arc fault is detected, the microcontroller sends signals to relays 179 and 306, thereby shutting them off and making the subcircuit safe.

[0233] A further embodiment of the system utilizes the microcontroller 112 as a common fault detection for multiple types of faults, such as current overload, circuit short circuit, residual current fault, and arc fault, thereby clarifying the cause of the fault to the user by displaying it on the display 324. In this way, the user is better informed about the cause of the fault.

[0234] Furthermore, the circuit protection module may be configured either locally or remotely via the controllers 112 and / or 240, which will be evident in providing appropriate protection for bidirectional load circuits or load circuits operating as local power sources. Bidirectional load circuits may include, for example, electric vehicle (EV) charging interfaces, where EV batteries can be charged from the distribution board, or where the distribution board can act as a grid connection point, or where the distribution board can function as a local power distribution point receiving power from EV batteries when necessary. Local power sources may include, for example, solar panels or wind turbines.

[0235] 3. Subcircuit connection system Referring to Figure 10, an exemplary embodiment of a further aspect of the present invention is shown in relation to a subcircuit connection system 10 for use in a switchboard or power distribution and management system.

[0236] As shown in the figure, the subcircuit connection system 10 is a subcircuit termination block or subcircuit termination housing 12 having a plurality of spaced connection layers 14a, 14b, 14c, each of which is configured to connect one or more associated subcircuit conductors 16a, 16b, 16c of one or more external subcircuits, and one or more pre-configured subcircuit connection modules 18 housed inside the housing 12, each subcircuit connection module 18 having a plurality of subcircuit conductors with terminations 16a, 16b, 16c The system includes one or more pre-configured subcircuit connection modules 18, each having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the wire ends of the subcircuit conductors, with each of the terminations 16a, 16b, 16c configured to electrically connect the conductor wires of an external subcircuit, and each subcircuit conductor termination 16a, 16b, 16c corresponding to one of the multiple connection layers 14a, 14b, 14c of the housing 12 and configured to electrically connect the wire ends of the subcircuit conductors; and at least one internal electrical connector configured to electrically connect the subcircuit conductors to the distribution buses 20b, 20c and / or the earth connection 20a. As understood, the coupling members are provided in the form of rows. In one embodiment, the row has phase coupling members and neutral coupling members. In another embodiment, as shown, the row of coupling members has a row of phase coupling members, a row of neutral coupling members and a row of earth coupling members. With respect to any individual subcircuit connection, the phase coupling member and the neutral coupling member, or the phase coupling member, the neutral coupling member, and the ground coupling member, are arranged adjacent to each other, that is, in the same or approximately the same position within each row. In this way, the coupling members for each subcircuit are grouped according to their subcircuit cable connections. Therefore, each subcircuit cable can be terminated at the desired location, which is convenient.

[0237] The subcircuit connection system provides a centralized location or arrangement, allowing electricians to perform all necessary subcircuit connections with minimal effort during installation. In some embodiments or examples, the subcircuit connection system is configured to be plugged into a switchboard with all other internal components pre-wired and pre-assigned to their locations, similar to other embodiments of the invention described above. Having a subcircuit connection system and a pre-wired switchboard also eliminates the need to quantify or specify the required circuit protection devices or other devices during installation. The pre-wired or pre-configured switchboard of the present invention can have a set number of circuit protection devices. For example, when a house has an electrical layout / plan, the pre-wired or pre-configured switchboard may have sets of different sizes, including, but not limited to, 15 circuit protection modules, 30 circuit protection modules, and / or 45 circuit protection modules per board. As understood, other variations and configurations regarding the number of circuit protection modules are intended. Each subcircuit is configured to be replaceable with another. In these embodiments, the switchboard may also have a subcircuit connection system of different sizes, having a set number of subcircuit connection modules housed inside the housing. For example, if a pre-wired switchboard has 15 circuit protection modules, the subcircuit connection module may have 15 subcircuit connection modules.

[0238] The subcircuit is configured to be electrically coupled to a pre-configured subcircuit connection module 18 by a three-core cable. In such embodiments, each core of the three-core cable is configured to provide a conductor wire corresponding to the subcircuit conductor terminations 16a, 16b, and 16c. In one embodiment, each of the one or more subcircuit conductor terminations 16a, 16b, and 16c is configured to be connected to a conductor wire or core of the three-core cable. In some embodiments, the conductor wire or core of the three-core cable corresponds to either an active conductor or phase conductor, a neutral conductor, or an earth conductor or ground conductor.

[0239] As shown in Figure 11, the housing 12 has a plurality of spaced-apart connection layers 14a, 14b, and 14c. The housing 12 further has a proximal end 22 and a distal end 20. Each of the spaced-apart connection layers 14a, 14b, and 14c is stepped vertically downward from the distal end 20 to the proximal end 22. In one embodiment, a plurality of subcircuit conductor terminations are spaced laterally along the width W of the housing 12. As shown in Figure 11, in this embodiment there are three spaced-apart connection layers: a first connection layer 14a providing a row of one or more active conductors, a second connection layer 14b providing a row of one or more neutral conductors, and a third connection layer 14c providing one or more earth conductors.

[0240] Referring to Figures 10 and 11, each pre-configured sub-circuit connection module 18 has a first sub-circuit conductor termination 16a corresponding to the first layer 14a of the housing, a second sub-circuit conductor termination 16b corresponding to the second layer 14b of the housing, and a third sub-circuit conductor termination 16c corresponding to the third layer 14c of the housing.

[0241] Each pre-configured subcircuit connection module 18 includes a first subcircuit conductor terminal 16a having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect to the earth conductor wire terminal or ground conductor wire terminal of an external subcircuit, a second subcircuit terminal 16b having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect to the neutral conductor wire terminal of an external subcircuit, and a third subcircuit conductor terminal 16c having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect to the phase conductor wire terminal or active conductor wire terminal of an external subcircuit.

[0242] Referring to Figure 10, each pre-configured subcircuit connection module 18 includes a first internal electrical termination having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the earth conductor wire termination or ground conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to an earth connection or ground connection 20a; a second internal electrical termination having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the neutral conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to a distribution bus 20b; and a third internal electrical connector having an electrical coupling member configured to electrically connect the phase conductor wire termination or active conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to a distribution bus 20c.

[0243] A second internal electrical termination having an electrical coupling member is configured to electrically connect the neutral conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to the neutral connection of the distribution bus 20b. A third internal electrical termination having an electrical coupling member is configured to electrically connect the phase conductor wire termination or active conductor wire termination of an external subcircuit to the phase connection or active connection of the distribution bus 20c.

[0244] Distribution buses 20b, 20c are configured to electrically connect external subcircuits to circuit protection modules and / or the power distribution system. Distribution buses 20b, 20c are configured to electrically connect to a circuit protection system as already mentioned in relation to the present invention. The circuit protection system may further include or have any one or more features mentioned in relation to the circuit protection system already mentioned in relation to the present invention. In one embodiment, each pre-configured subcircuit connection module 18 is configured to be individually electrically isolated.

[0245] 3.1 Housing and Identifier Referring to Figure 11, the subcircuit termination block or subcircuit termination housing 12 has a proximal end and a distal end. In this embodiment, each of the spaced-apart connection layers 14a, 14b, and 14c is stepped vertically downward from the distal end to the proximal end. In one embodiment, the multiple subcircuit conductor terminations are spaced apart laterally along the width W of the housing 12. As shown in the figure, there are three spaced-apart connection layers: a first connection layer 14a providing a row of one or more active conductors, a second connection layer 14b providing a row of one or more neutral conductors, and a third connection layer 14c providing one or more earth conductors.

[0246] In some embodiments, the housing may be provided with one or more standardized connection identifiers, each corresponding to a subcircuit connection module. Each of the one or more standardized connection identifiers may have an associated color or other visual identifier. Each of the one or more standardized connection identifiers is configured to convey information about subcircuits that can be operated to be electrically connected to each subcircuit module 18. Each of the one or more standardized connection identifiers corresponds to a legend for the subcircuits of the switchboard. In one embodiment, each of the one or more standardized connection identifiers can facilitate the installation of subcircuits to the switchboard.

[0247] In one embodiment, the housing is formed from a precast plastic mold. In a further embodiment, the housing is operable to open and close, thereby allowing access to one or more pre-configured subcircuit connection modules.

[0248] Here, with reference to Figures 12 to 15, another embodiment or example will be described. Figure 12 is a perspective view showing a portion of a circuit protection module 100 connected to bus bars 160 and 162 of a switchboard. The terms circuit protection module and sub-circuit protection module are used interchangeably in this document. Module 100 may be electrically and physically connected to the bus bars by connecting to pins 161 on the bus bars. Pins 161 extend through pre-formed holes in a PCB or similar non-conductive substrate 330 on which the module electronics are mounted. In some embodiments, module 100 is fully pre-wired by being electrically connected to the bus bars as part of an assembled unit. In other embodiments, module 100 may be detachable and replaceable, and / or connected to the switchboard individually or in groups. In Figure 12, only a portion of one module is shown for clarity.

[0249] The module 100 in Figure 12, when fully assembled, has the functions described in the examples above, such as Figure 9. In the simplified example shown in Figure 12, the ON / OFF button, test button, and visual indicator are omitted for clarity. Phase conductors 166 and neutral conductor 168 supply power from the switchboard busbars 160, 162 to the sub-circuit module terminations, such as terminal block 332 (shown in Figure 13), to which the associated sub-circuits are electrically connected via relays 179, 306. In some embodiments, the terminations have conductive regions located at the ends of the module chassis or mounting board 330. These conductive regions allow the module to be electrically connected to a terminal block, such as block 332, which may be pre-connected to the switchboard. In other embodiments, the module 100 is provided such that the terminal block 332 is already connected to the rest of the module, so that the module, including the terminal block, can be mounted to the switchboard as an assembled unit.

[0250] The relays 179 and 306 are conveniently spaced apart from each other, thereby leaving space in the center of the module for mounting a microcontroller and other sensor circuits. However, those skilled in the art will understand that other arrangements can be implemented. In some embodiments, a coil 164 can be provided to enable a sensing function, thereby providing, for example, a flux gate or current sensor.

[0251] Referring to Figure 13, an exploded perspective view of module 100 of Figure 12 is shown, but this figure also shows the top wall 340 of the module housing. The arrangement and configuration is such that the wall 340 extends from the terminal block 336 at one end to the angled wall portion 342 at the other end, thereby defining a valley or recess 338 between them. The recess 338 provides part of a cable tray that is formed when multiple modules 100 are installed adjacent to each other, as will be further described below.

[0252] The wall 342 extends to the top wall portion 344, which has an opening or interface portion 348 for an ON / OFF button 346, an RCD (residual current detector) test button 347, a display 345, and a status indicator 349 for viewing the visual status of the relay 179.

[0253] Referring to Figure 13A, another embodiment of module 100 is illustrated, with the top member omitted for clarity. In this embodiment, an area 384 of the mounting substrate 330 is provided for mounting or clipping the module into a terminal block such as block 332. It will be understood that a larger (e.g., elongated) terminal block having terminations or terminal connectors for multiple modules may be provided. Thus, multiple modules 100, as shown in Figure 13A, can be inserted into a single terminal block or otherwise electrically engaged with a single terminal block.

[0254] Figure 13A also shows an example of a functional component located directly below a wall section 344. An RCD test button 326 is shown together with an ON / OFF button 332. When in use, areas 346 and 347 can have flexible portions of the wall 344, allowing the user to press down on the wall section to activate buttons 332 and 326. The display 324 is visible through a window 345 in the wall 344. The visual state of the relay 179 is provided by a movable indicator 386, which in this example indicates the state by sliding between an ON position and an OFF position. The indicator 386 is connected to an arm 388, which is connected to a shaft 390 that changes its angular position depending on whether the relay 179 is open or closed.

[0255] Figure 13B shows an example of module 100 as shown in Figure 13A, but with walls 340, 342, and 344 positioned in their respective locations together with terminal block 332.

[0256] Multiple adjacent modules 100 are shown in Figure 14. The combined effect of the recesses 338 in the walls of each module collectively forms the cable tray 350. Figure 14A shows another arrangement of modules 100, where each module is substantially the same as that shown in Figure 13A. Similarly, Figure 14B shows an example of multiple modules, where each module 100 is substantially the same as that shown in Figure 13B. Figure 14C is a rear perspective view of the module arrangement shown in Figure 14A.

[0257] Figure 15 shows an example or embodiment of a termination block having multiple subcircuit terminations for connecting to subcircuit cables. Block 332 includes a termination opening 334 configured to receive exposed conductors of phase wire, neutral wire, and earth wire. The opening 336 allows access to a locking mechanism, such as a screw head 337, which is operable to move an electrical coupling member, such as a conductor 335 of the termination block, to make physical and electrical contact with the wires present in the opening 334.

[0258] Other end blocks or other terminal blocks may be provided. Another example or another embodiment is shown in FIGS. 16A-16C, and the module 100 is provided in accordance with the above description with respect to FIGS. 12-15, but the end blocks are in the form of spring clamps or lever clamps. The lever 352 rotates about the shaft body 354, thereby clamping onto the wire provided within the aperture 334 by a cam action or by a spring action. The module has connection forming portions 390 and 392 provided at both ends of the module in this example. Region 390 has a protrusion 394 that can mechanically engage with complementary recesses provided on the switchboard. Region 392 comprises recesses 396 each having one or more conductive parts. These are configured to receive a bus bar and are configured to electrically connect the bus bar.

[0259] As described above, these modules may be mounted adjacent to each other in a juxtaposition relationship. This is illustrated in the example in Figure 17. Referring to Figure 17, there are two rows of module 100. Each row has modules connected adjacent to each other in a juxtaposition relationship. The two rows of modules are arranged back to back. Thus, bus bars 160, 162 may extend along the center directly below the two rows, with each row electrically connected to the bus bars. In some embodiments, module 100 may be pre-wired in place. In some embodiments, individual modules may be removed as shown in Figure 17 so that they can be maintained or replaced as needed. From the module arrangement shown in Figure 17, it will be understood that cable trays 350 may be provided by each row of modules, or in relation to each row of modules. The rows of modules provide cable trays or rows of termination connections or rows of electrical coupling members parallel to each cable tray. It will be understood that the rows of termination connections may be provided by long termination blocks, such as those described above by reference numeral 12, and that module 100 may be pre-connected or plugged in to the termination block at one end and to the bus bar at the other end. Furthermore, as will be apparent from the drawings in the following description, terminal connections, or literal coupling members, such as 335, are grouped according to the subcircuit connections. In other words, each subcircuit cable (which will contain at least two, usually three, insulated conductors) can be completely terminated using adjacent coupling members 335. Thus, it is convenient that the phase conductor and neutral conductor, or the phase conductor, neutral conductor, and Az conductor, can be terminated with respect to each subcircuit cable. This means that the electrician or person connecting the subcircuit cables can cut and decide on the required length of the cable without having to have various conductor lengths to follow different routes around the equipment. This saves a great deal of time and simplifies the process.Furthermore, since each circuit protection device or each circuit protection module can be configured, all sub-circuits can be terminated, and then, based on the requirements regarding the load (or power generation source) on the sub-circuit, an appropriate configuration can be performed for each module.

[0260] Here, referring to FIG. 18, an embodiment or an example is illustrated in which two rows of modules 100 are provided within the switchboard housing 240. The housing 240 is illustrated with the cover omitted for clarity. The cover, door, or similar closing member may be provided as a separate component. In use, the housing 240 is part of the cabinet of the power distribution unit, or forms part of the cabinet of the power distribution unit, or is part of the switchboard housing and / or cabinet, or forms part of the switchboard housing and / or cabinet.

[0261] The unit 368 provides a main line connection / main line separation module and a central power separation switch 370. A multi-earth neutral (MEN) link 369 is provided. This is disposed in an easily accessible area of the housing (e.g., near or as part of the main line separation module), which is convenient. This link can be easily removed or attached as required. The cavity 362 located at the bottom of the housing 240 provides space for other components such as a controller, communication interface, instruments, etc. Cable entry passages and cable exit passages 360 are provided, which have a closing member 364. The closing member 364 pivots about an end or shaft body 366 to fix the cable and provide a seal around the cable, thereby assisting in physically isolating the contents of the housing from the external environment.

[0262] Figure 19 is a front view of one embodiment or example of a switchboard including an assembled module. In this figure, the terminal block 332 is located at a peripheral position, or on the side of the housing, or adjacent to the side of the housing.

[0263] Figure 20 is a front view of one embodiment or example of a switchboard including an assembled module. In this figure, the terminal block 332 is located in the center, or in the center of the housing, or adjacent to the center of the housing.

[0264] It will be apparent that the switchboard may be installed vertically or horizontally when in use; that is, module 100 may be installed in multiple rows extending horizontally or vertically when in use. In some situations, depending on regulations and requirements, the switchboard may be installed flat.

[0265] Figure 21 shows a switchboard into which cables 400 are introduced through an opening or passage 360 ​​located at one end of the housing 240 and extend along a cable tray 350, so that each individual wire 404 of each cable is terminated at an appropriate position within the termination block. When the cables are introduced into the housing, they extend laterally with respect to the orientation of each module 100; that is, the cable tray 350 extends substantially laterally or perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axis of each module 100.

[0266] In Figure 21, the closure member 364 is omitted from the illustration for clarity. However, Figure 22 illustrates the closure configuration in some detail. Each cable inlet passage 360 ​​is provided with a liner or cushion 380 made of a suitable elastic material such as closed-cell foam. Bristles or similar materials may also be used. Small gaps (e.g., less than 5 mm) may be present. Similarly, the inner surface of each closure member 364 is lined with a layer 382 made of the same or similar elastic material as the liner 380. When the cable is installed, the closure member 364 is opened as shown on the left side of Figure 22. After the cable 400 is installed, the closure member 364 closes the cable by rotating around a pivot end or pivot shaft 366, as shown on the right side of the figure. Closing member 364 has the effect of securely sandwiching the cable between layers 380 and 382, ​​which are made of elastic material, thereby fixing the cable and providing a seal around the cable, thereby helping to physically isolate the contents of the housing from the external environment. In some examples, the material forming layers 380 and 382 is flame-retardant material. It will be understood that the closing door of the housing 240 may provide the closing member 364. In other words, the door of the housing can carry layer 382.

[0267] 3.2 Distribution boards and equipment The subcircuit connection system 10 is configured to form a component of a residential distribution board or a power distribution and management system. In one embodiment, the subcircuit connection system 10 is further configured to be housed in a cabinet of a power distribution unit, or in a housing and / or cabinet of a distribution board. Figure 23 shows an example of use and installation of a distribution board including the subcircuit board 10 (as shown in Figures 10 and 11).

[0268] The subcircuit connection system 10 is configured to allow an electrician to easily install and wire the terminations of wires 404 from the subcircuits to a residential distribution board or power distribution and management system. The spaced-apart connection layers 14a, 14b, and 14c of the housing 12 are intended to provide ease of installation for one or more subcircuits, in which case the coupling members or termination points for conductors in each subcircuit cable are grouped together, i.e., located adjacent to one another, so that the cables can be easily cut and terminated to a predetermined length without the need for complex cable routes.

[0269] A method for connecting one or more external subcircuits to the subcircuit connection system 10 includes connecting the wire ends of one or more subcircuit conductors to each of the multiple subcircuit conductor ends 16a, 16b, and 16c using corresponding electrical coupling members. One or more external subcircuits installed as part of the method may include or have any one or more feature points mentioned with respect to one or more external subcircuits in the earlier embodiments of the present invention.

[0270] A method for installing a subcircuit connection system 10 inside a residential distribution board or power distribution and management system is also provided, which includes the steps of connecting the wire ends of one or more subcircuit conductors to each of a plurality of subcircuit conductor ends 16a, 16b, 16c using corresponding electrical coupling members, and connecting each subcircuit input end 16a, 16b, 16c to the power distribution buses 20b, 20c, and / or grounding connections 20a.

[0271] Referring here to Figures 23A to 23D, an installation according to one embodiment is graphically shown. Starting with Figure 23A, a pre-assembled switchboard according to one embodiment of the present invention includes, as shown, a housing 240 and a plurality of circuit protection devices such as modules 100, each module terminated by a termination block 332, the termination block 332 having a plurality of coupling members 334, 336, providing coupling members grouped by subcircuit. Cable channels or cable trays 350 are also shown. In Figure 23a, the switchboard is shown in a form that is substantially ready for purchase and installation.

[0272] Referring to Figure 23B, the switchboard in Figure 23A is shown with the sub-circuit cables 400 introduced into the switchboard housing, and each sub-circuit cable 400 terminated with a coupling member of the corresponding circuit protection device or circuit protection module. The grouping of coupling members 334 and 336 for each sub-circuit is clearly shown.

[0273] Figure 23C shows the next step of installation, in which the cover 239 is positioned above the housing 240 as shown. The cover 239 has a central opening 439 through which the user can interact with the circuit protection device, for example, by displaying the device owner switching to check the device status. The cover 239 provides a protective installation portion outside the central opening 439, thereby protecting the user from contact with the connection block or connection coupling member 334336. The cover 239 also provides an optional ventilation opening 436.

[0274] In Figure 23D, the installation is complete with the housing closing member for member 440 (which may be pivotably connected to the rest of the housing) closed in place.

[0275] The housing 240 may be flush-mounted or surface-mounted within or on a suitable structure such as an interior or exterior wall. Surface mounting can be achieved using fasteners that penetrate openings or mounting lugs in the housing. Referring to Figure 24, the housing 240 may include, as part thereof or as a separate component, a mounting member 410 that facilitates flush mounting. The mounting member 410 has a side wall 412 for engaging with the side wall of the housing 240 and a flange member 414. In use, the flange member 414 can seat on an object such as a wall framing member (e.g., a knog or stud), thereby allowing the housing 240 to seat at the required distance from the wall, thus enabling flush mounting.

[0276] Examples of mounting configurations are shown in Figures 25 and 26. In Figure 25, the housing is mounted vertically between two wall studs 416. The device can also be mounted horizontally if the wall studs are adjusted. Cables 420 and 422 have plugs 424 and 426, which allow connection to external components such as a battery or other interface.

[0277] Figure 26 shows a schematic cross-section of an example of a switchboard according to one embodiment, in which a heatsink 302 is shown positioned between the module 100 and the back or wall 241 of the housing 240. A front closing member 239 for the housing is also shown. The heatsinks 302 may be provided in groups or rows, and in some embodiments they may be connected to each other, or they may be provided as a single piece to which multiple modules are connected. In some embodiments the heatsinks 302 are physically connected to each other or to the housing, and in other embodiments the connection may be thermal only. Furthermore, in some embodiments the heatsinks 302 may be thermally coupled to the wall 241 of the housing. In other embodiments the heatsinks 302 may be thermally coupled to other parts of the housing 240. By thermally coupling the heatsinks 302 to the housing 240, heat from the solid-state switch 360 can be easily transferred to an object with a larger thermal mass and / or two objects from which heat can be easily dissipated.

[0278] In some embodiments, the housing 240 can be thermally coupled to other suitable heat sinks. In the example shown in Figure 26, thermal management of the assembly can be achieved by providing areas within the housing 240 that can circulate air to provide thermal management. Thus, referring to Figure 26, areas 430 and 432 may be provided within the housing for circulating air through one or more heat sinks 302. A gap 434 may also be provided to allow air from other parts of the housing to circulate to the rear of the housing through the heat sinks 302. Furthermore, a ventilation gap 436 may be provided within the housing 240, located between the side wall of the housing and the closure member 232. The gap 436 allows air to circulate from an external location to the inside of the housing and then back to the outside of the housing, thereby providing thermal management. An airflow path through the heat sinks 302 is possible, as indicated by arrow 438. It will be apparent that gaps 434 and 436 may be provided elsewhere in the assembly. Furthermore, in some embodiments, active and positive airflow circulation may be employed using any drive device, such as a fan located within the housing 240.

[0279] 4. Other exemplary examples Referring to earlier embodiments of the present invention, a pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management system for a distribution board or residential use is described, the pre-wired distribution board comprising the subcircuit connection system 10 mentioned above in Section 3 of the description, a grid connection module configured to electrically connect the system to an external grid power supply, a main line isolation module electrically connected to the grid connection module via pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections and configured to provide electrical isolation from the external grid power supply, each of which is electrically connected to the main line isolation module via pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections and each of which connects the system to an external or The system includes one or more auxiliary power modules configured to be electrically connected to an auxiliary power source or electrical energy source; one or more subcircuit protection modules electrically connected to the main line isolation module and one or more auxiliary power modules via pre-configured or pre-wired electrical connections; and one or more subcircuit protection modules electrically connected to the main line isolation module and one or more auxiliary power modules via pre-configured electrical connections, each subcircuit protection module being electrically connected to a subcircuit connection module of a subcircuit connection system via pre-configured electrical connections.

[0280] The pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management systems for distribution panels or residential use, as described above, may include or have any one or more features mentioned with respect to the pre-configured or pre-wired distribution and management systems 200 for distribution panels or residential use, as described above. For example, each of the grid connection module, main line isolation module, one or more auxiliary power modules, one or more sub-circuit connection modules, and / or one or more sub-circuit protection modules, as described above, may include or have any one or more features mentioned with respect to the circuit protection system of the circuit protection module of the present invention, as described above.

[0281] Furthermore, the embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, the program code or code segments for performing the necessary tasks may be stored in a machine-readable medium such as a storage medium or one or more other storages. The processor may perform the necessary tasks. The code segments may represent procedures, functions, sub-programs, programs, routines, sub-routines, modules, software packages, classes, or any combination of instructions or data structures or program statements. The code segments may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. The information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, transferred, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

[0282] As described above, the storage medium may represent one or more devices for storing data, including read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. The terms "machine-readable medium" and "computer-readable medium" include, but are not limited to, portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other media that can store, hold, or carry instructions and / or data.

[0283] Various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, elements, and / or components described in relation to the examples disclosed herein may be implemented or executed by general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic components, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, circuit, and / or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing components, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a number of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0284] The methods or algorithms described in relation to the examples disclosed herein may be embodied in the form of processing units, programming instructions, or other instructions, directly in hardware, or in a software module executable by the processor, or in a combination thereof, and may be contained in a single device or distributed across multiple devices. The software module may reside in a storage medium in the form of RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form known in the art. The storage medium may be coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integrated with the processor.

[0285] The one or more components and one or more functions illustrated in the figures may be rearranged into a single component and / or combined, or embodied in multiple components, without departing from the present invention. Additional elements or components may also be added without departing from the present invention. Additionally, the functions described herein may be implemented in software, hardware, as business methods, and / or in combination thereof.

[0286] In various aspects of the present invention, it can be embodied in computer implementation processes, machines (such as electronic devices, or general-purpose computers or other devices that provide a platform capable of executing computer programs), processes performed by these machines, or manufactured articles. Such articles may include computer program products or digital information products having a computer-readable storage medium containing computer program instructions or computer-readable data stored inside, as well as processes and machines for producing and using these manufactured articles.

[0287] The above description of the present invention includes preferred embodiments. Modifications thereto may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-assembled distribution panel for connecting to multiple sub-circuit cables, Each sub-circuit cable includes multiple insulated conductors, and the pre-assembled switchboard is A housing having multiple bus bars and cable inlets for multiple subcircuit cables, One or more subcircuit termination blocks having a plurality of conductor coupling members configured to connect to the plurality of insulated conductors of the plurality of subcircuit cables, wherein the conductor coupling members are grouped by subcircuit, and the insulated conductors of each subcircuit cable are terminated adjacent to one another, A plurality of circuit protection devices electrically connected between the bus bar and one or more subcircuit termination blocks, wherein each circuit protection device is electrically connected to a corresponding group of conductor coupling members, and Includes, The housing includes a cable channel extending between the cable inlet and one or more subcircuit termination blocks. The cable channel extends adjacent to a group of conductor coupling members corresponding to multiple circuit protection devices in a pre-assembled switchboard.

2. The pre-assembled switchboard according to claim 1, wherein each of the circuit protection devices includes a module that can be selectively attached to and detached from the housing.

3. The pre-assembled power distribution panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more subcircuit termination blocks include a plurality of subcircuit termination blocks.

4. The pre-assembled switchboard according to claim 3, wherein each circuit protection device includes a corresponding sub-circuit termination block.

5. The pre-assembled switchboard according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the sub-circuit termination block of each circuit protection device provides a group of conductor coupling members for terminating the conductors of the corresponding sub-circuit cables.

6. The pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the conductor coupling members are arranged in one or more rows.

7. A pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a row of conductor coupling members is provided on the side of the housing, or a row of conductor coupling members is provided on each of two opposing sides of the housing.

8. A pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each circuit protection device includes a wall, the wall including a portion of the cable channel.

9. The pre-assembled switchboard according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of circuit protection devices extend adjacent to one another to form the cable channel.

10. A pre-assembled power distribution panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the longitudinal axis of each circuit protection device is oriented laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cable channel.

11. A pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein each circuit protection device includes a button or switch that can be operated by a user, and the cable channel is provided between the button or switch and a corresponding group of conductor coupling members.

12. The pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cable channel is provided between at least one of the bus bars and one or more subcircuit termination blocks.

13. The pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the cable channel includes a cable tray.

14. The pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the cable channel is parallel to at least one of the bus bars.

15. The pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the cable channels and the one or more subcircuit termination blocks extend along the same dimensions of the housing.

16. Each circuit protection device is A first termination for connecting to one of the bus bars, and a second termination for connecting to the corresponding one of the subcircuit termination blocks, A blocking means configured to electrically isolate the first termination from the second termination upon receiving a blocking signal, A pre-assembled power distribution panel according to any one of claims 1 to 15, including the following:

17. The pre-assembled switchboard according to claim 16, wherein each circuit protection device further includes an outer wall defining a portion of the cable channel, and the first and second terminations are provided on both sides of the cable channel.

18. The pre-assembled switchboard according to claim 16 or 17, further comprising a user-operated button or switch that can be operated to activate the shutoff means, wherein the cable channel is provided between the second termination and the button or switch.

19. A pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein each circuit protection device further includes a load monitoring device, the load monitoring device being electrically connected to the sub-circuit termination block associated with the circuit protection device and operable to determine one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits connected to the load monitoring device.

20. The circuit protection device receives one or more characteristics or attributes of one or more electrical circuits determined by one or more load monitoring devices, Based on an analysis of one or more characteristics or attributes of the one or more electrical circuits, it is determined whether or not one or more fault conditions exist in the one or more electrical circuits. To electrically isolate the first termination from the second termination, a control signal is transmitted to activate the disconnection means based on the determination of one or more fault conditions. The pre-assembled switchboard according to claim 19, further comprising a controller configured as such.

21. A pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the group of conductor coupling members for each sub-circuit cable includes a phase coupling member and a neutral coupling member.

22. A pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the group of conductor coupling members for each sub-circuit cable includes a phase coupling member, a neutral coupling member, and an earth coupling member.

23. A pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein each circuit protection device corresponds to a subcircuit and is arranged adjacent to a group of conductor coupling members corresponding to the same subcircuit.

24. The pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the plurality of bus bars include power bus bars and neutral bus bars extending parallel to each other.

25. The pre-assembled switchboard according to claim 24, wherein the power bus bar and the neutral bus bar extend in close proximity to each other.

26. The pre-assembled switchboard according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the plurality of bus bars include power bus bars and neutral bus bars, and the one or more subcircuit termination blocks are arranged along axes parallel to the bus bars.

27. The pre-assembled switchboard according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the circuits of the plurality of circuit protection devices are arranged between at least one bus bar and the sub-circuit termination block.

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