Vibration-damping bearings

Abstract

To provide a vibration control bearing that is environmentally friendly, has high damping effect, maintains the function, suppresses rise of temperature, and has preferable vibration absorption effect.SOLUTION: A vibration control bearing includes: at least a main column 10 having a columnar body constituted of a zinc metal or a zinc alloy; two support plates 20 respectively disposed at both ends of the vibration control bearing; and a plurality of first material layers 30 and a plurality of second material layers 40 which are alternately installed between the two support plates respectively and to which the at least one main column is fitted so as to surround the at least one main column.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vibration isolation bearing, and particularly to a vibration isolation bearing that is mounted on large structures such as buildings and bridges, as well as on instruments and equipment, and absorbs seismic and environmental vibration energy. After an earthquake, it recrystallizes at room temperature to avoid strain hardening, maintains its function, prevents the temperature of the building from rising during the earthquake process due to its high specific heat, avoids weakening of the structural strength, and can exhibit a high vibration absorption effect.

Background Art

[0002] In current large objects such as buildings, bridges, and equipment, bearings having a vibration absorption and vibration suppression function for absorbing energy and vibration during an earthquake are often installed. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,655,756 (hereinafter referred to as the reference example) discloses a conventional bearing structure (Lead Rubber Bearing, LRB). The bearing of this reference example has a main column, support plates are installed at both ends of the main column, and these support plates are fixed to the floor or a large object. Between the two support plates, a plurality of metal layers and rubber layers that intersect each other are provided. According to its configuration, during an earthquake, by obtaining a vibration absorption effect due to the deformation of the intersecting rubber layer, metal layer, and the main column made of lead, damage caused by the earthquake can be reduced.

[0003] However, in the proposed bearing structure, the main column is made of lead. While this lead main column can absorb earthquake energy through bending deformation, lead is a toxic heavy metal with a melting point of approximately 327°C, posing a serious environmental risk. Furthermore, during an earthquake, the lead main column easily generates high heat due to repeated bending deformation. Because lead has a low specific heat, the temperature of the main column easily rises to over 300°C due to the heat generated when absorbing earthquake energy in conventional bearings. This affects the function of the main column and rubber layer, leading to their melting and thus affecting the function of conventional bearings. This reduces energy absorption efficiency and can even lead to bearing failure, ultimately damaging the bearing structure and reducing its support strength. Even if the temperature does not reach the melting point of lead during bearing use, the high temperature softens the materials in the bearing (including lead and rubber), significantly reducing the structural strength of the bearing. This causes large displacement in conventional bearings, reducing their support capacity and vibration absorption effect.

[0004] Furthermore, current academic research uses tin as a constituent material for the main pillar, but this has at least the following drawbacks and problems. 1. Although tin's toxicity is lower than that of lead (a neurotoxin), it is still toxic and can affect the environment. 2. Tin has a melting point of approximately 232°C, which is much lower than that of lead. Therefore, during an earthquake, it can damage the main columns. Furthermore, because it melts easily, it negatively affects the overall function of conventional bearings, reducing absorption efficiency and damaging the conventional bearing structure, thus negatively impacting support strength. 3. When the temperature of tin falls below 13.2°C, it changes from β-form to α-form gray tin and becomes a powder, losing its function due to irreversible destruction. 4. The amount of tin in the Earth's atmosphere is small, and it is estimated that it will be depleted within approximately 20 to 40 years. Therefore, tin is extremely expensive and difficult to obtain. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] US Patent No. 5655756 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] Considering the problems and shortcomings of conventional bearings, lead bearings were gradually banned or avoided. Furthermore, worldwide, other vibration-absorbing materials and mechanisms were explored to address issues such as energy absorption and environmental protection. One solution was to remove the lead main columns, but this resulted in insufficient vibration absorption and excessive bearing displacement, necessitating their use in conjunction with other dampers such as hydraulic dampers. Therefore, this not only increased costs but also presented practical problems due to the need to secure space for the bearings and dampers. Moreover, tin bearings also possessed the aforementioned drawbacks and practical problems, indicating room for improvement in conventional bearings. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] This invention aims to provide a vibration-damping bearing that improves upon the shortcomings of conventional bearings, taking into account their structure, usage drawbacks, and insufficient effectiveness, after repeated research and experiments.

[0008] The main object of the present invention is to provide a vibration-damping bearing having a main column made of a tough material having a shear strain capacity of at least 50%, which is constructed by metalworking zinc metal or a zinc alloy. The vibration effect can be exerted by the deformation of the main column and the deformation of the first and second material layers. Furthermore, the lead-free main column prevents the function of the main column from being impaired or the main column from melting and causing serious adverse environmental effects due to high heat and temperature caused by repeated bending deformation. Thus, the present invention provides a vibration-damping bearing that is environmentally friendly, has good damping effect, maintains function, suppresses temperature rise, and has a suitable vibration absorption effect.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is A columnar body made of zinc metal or a zinc alloy, having at least one main column having a shear strain capacity of at least 50% by metalworking the material, Two support plates are positioned at each end of the vibration-damping bearing with a gap between them, The structure comprises a plurality of first material layers and a plurality of second material layers, which are alternately installed between the two support plates, and into which the at least one main column is fitted so as to surround the at least one main column. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the above technical means, the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention provides at least the following effects. 1. Vibration Absorption Effect: When using the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention, the two support plates are attached to the ground and the object, respectively. During an earthquake, the deformation of the main column, the first material layer, and the second material layer provides a vibration absorption effect that prevents earthquake and environmental vibrations and energy from being directly transmitted to large objects such as buildings, bridges, and equipment. Furthermore, the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention provides sufficient damping effect without the need for other dampers such as hydraulic dampers. Therefore, it is economical as it can significantly reduce the required costs, and it is highly practical as it does not require additional space to accommodate other dampers. 2. Beneficial to the Environment: The main column of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is made of zinc metal or zinc alloy. Zinc is an environmentally friendly, biodegradable material and an essential component for maintaining the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, even when the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention reaches the end of its service life and needs to be dismantled, it does not cause environmental pollution and complies with environmental protection laws. III. Improved Damping Effect: The main column of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is made of zinc metal or zinc alloy. Since zinc has a high yield strength, high support capacity, and a large damping effect, the main column made of zinc metal or zinc alloy not only saves material but also reduces the displacement of the vibration-damping bearing, significantly improves the damping effect and enhances the seismic resistance effect, and is also economical, thus greatly improving engineering applications and economic effects. IV. Maintaining Overall Function: The main column of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is made of zinc metal or a zinc alloy, and since the melting point of zinc is 420°C, which is higher than the melting point of lead (327°C), even if the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention absorbs vibration energy during an earthquake, the temperature rise will not reach the melting point of zinc. Therefore, the main column of the present invention will not lose its function during an earthquake, and the overall function of the main column and vibration-damping bearing can be maintained. 5. Suppression of Temperature Rise: The main column of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is made of zinc metal or zinc alloy. Because zinc metal or zinc alloy has high specific heat and coefficient of thermal conductivity, after absorbing seismic vibration energy during an earthquake, its temperature does not rise easily, and it does not affect the function of the main column in absorbing vibration energy. VI. Recrystallization at Low Temperatures: Zinc recrystallizes at -12°C, altering its energy absorption properties. By using a mass percent zinc metal or zinc alloy for the main column of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention, a lower recrystallization temperature can be obtained, and toughness can be improved. In particular, zinc alloys with a zinc content of 60% to 90% by mass and an aluminum content of 40% to 10% by mass have considerably good toughness. Furthermore, because the main column recrystallizes at low temperatures, damage due to low-cycle fatigue occurs almost entirely after absorbing seismic energy. Moreover, its properties change from a brittle material with poor mechanical properties (elongation less than 10%) to a tough material with very good mechanical properties, thus meeting the basic requirements for seismic energy absorption. 7. Improvement of Toughness and Strength: The main column of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is made of zinc metal or zinc alloy, and by subjecting the material constituting the main column to metalworking methods including annealing, extrusion, ECAP method, giant strain processing, hydrostatic extrusion, rolling, die casting, thermomechanical process, discharge plasma sintering method, sintering process, argon plasma treatment, spinning, axial forming, shear forming, flow forming, forging, high-pressure torsion processing, or tempering process, the main column is transformed from a brittle material with poor mechanical properties (extensional strain less than 10%) to a tough material with good mechanical properties and a shear strain capacity of at least 50%. Furthermore, the metalworking method can use pressure, shear force, torsional force, bending moment, tensile force, or a combination of the aforementioned forces. Through metalworking methods, zinc metal or zinc alloys can undergo processing that induces at least one equal / different degree of strain at various (same or different) temperatures and at equal / different time intervals, thereby enhancing their toughness and energy absorption capabilities. This results in superior strength, improving deformation and energy absorption functions, and thus improving the vibration energy absorption function of vibration-damping bearings during earthquakes. VIII: Improvement in Stability: Since the strength of zinc is greater than that of lead or tin, when the strength of the main column is the same, the diameter required for manufacturing the main column of zinc can be smaller than the diameters of the main columns of lead or tin. Therefore, the opening of the receiving hole of the vibration isolation bearing of the present invention can be made smaller, so that the structural stability of the entire vibration isolation bearing can be effectively improved.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011] [Figure 1] It is a perspective cross-sectional view of the first preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. <000C071> [Figure 2] It is a side cross-sectional view of the first preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 3] It is a plan cross-sectional view of the longitudinal cross-section taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 2 of the first preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 4] It is a plan cross-sectional view of the second preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 5] It is a perspective cross-sectional view of the third preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 6] It is a side cross-sectional view of the third preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 7] It is a side cross-sectional view of the fourth preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 8] It is a side cross-sectional view of the fifth preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 9] It is a side cross-sectional view of the sixth preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 10] [[ID=3S]]It is a side cross-sectional view of the seventh preferred embodiment of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 11] It is an external perspective view of the test body of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 12] It is an external side view of the test body of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 13] It is an external plan view of the test body of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 14] It is a side sectional view of the 14-14 line longitudinal section in FIG. 12 of the test body of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 15] It is a reaction relationship diagram of a hysteresis loop when the relative displacement in the horizontal direction (or lateral direction) of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention is 33 millimeters (mm). [Figure 16] It is a reaction relationship diagram of a hysteresis loop when the relative displacement in the horizontal direction (or lateral direction) of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention is 49.5 millimeters (mm). [Figure 17] It is a reaction relationship diagram of a hysteresis loop when the relative displacement in the horizontal direction (or lateral direction) of the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention is 66 millimeters (mm).

Embodiments for Carrying out the Invention

[0012] In order to understand the technical features and actual effects of the present invention and to implement the present invention according to the content of the specification, the present invention will be described in detail below based on the preferred embodiments shown in the specification and drawings.

[0013] The present invention is a vibration isolation bearing used by being mounted on an object such as a building, a bridge, a facility or equipment. Referring to the first preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the vibration isolation bearing according to the present invention includes a main column 10, two support plates 20, a plurality of first material layers 30, and a plurality of second material layers 40. The cross section of the main column 10 includes a circular shape, a square shape, or other geometric shapes. Also, the main column 10 is a columnar body made of a ductile material having a shear strain capacity of at least 50% formed by metal processing of zinc metal or a zinc alloy.

[0014] Zinc is an environmentally friendly, biodegradable material and an essential component for maintaining the normal functions of the human body. The purity of zinc metal is defined as 99% or higher by mass. For example, a purity of 99.9% means that 99.9% of the total mass of zinc metal is zinc, with the remainder being impurities. Furthermore, zinc metal with a purity of 99% to 99.5% can improve vibration energy absorption capacity in metal processing with fewer processing steps and longer processing times. On the other hand, zinc metal with a purity of 99.5% to 99.9% can improve vibration energy absorption capacity in metal processing in a more economical way with less zinc material. Zinc metal with a purity of 99.9% to 99.98% can improve vibration energy absorption capacity in a more economical way with less zinc material, and can also avoid damage due to low cycle fatigue. Zinc metal with a purity of 99.98% to 99.995% can be processed in a shorter time to increase toughness and strength, and can also recrystallize at room temperature to improve vibration energy absorption capacity, avoid damage due to low-cycle fatigue, and extend service life. Zinc metal with a purity of 99.995% to 100% has high inherent toughness, and can be processed in a shorter time to increase strength and toughness, improve the deformation capacity of the bearing, lower the recrystallization temperature of the main column 10, increase vibration energy absorption capacity, and avoid damage due to low-cycle fatigue. Thus, zinc metal has the excellent effect of being able to be restored to like-new condition after an earthquake through recrystallization at low temperatures, enabling continuous and long-term use.

[0015] Furthermore, the zinc content in the zinc alloy is 50% by mass (mass percentage) or more and 99% by mass or less relative to the total mass of the zinc alloy (i.e., 50% by mass ≤ zinc content ≤ 99% by mass). In some embodiments, the zinc alloy may contain zinc and a first component, the first component may contain, but is not limited to, aluminum, copper, lithium, iron, magnesium, manganese, calcium, zirconium, bismuth, chromium, titanium, germanium, strontium, lead, silver, or a combination thereof. In this way, lowering the weight ratio of zinc in the main column 10 can increase its toughness. Furthermore, preferably, the zinc alloy contains zinc and aluminum, with a zinc content of 60% by mass to 90% by mass and an aluminum content of 10% by mass to 40% by mass relative to the total mass of the zinc alloy. The use of the above-mentioned zinc alloy can increase the toughness and malleability of the main column 10. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the zinc content is 90% to 95% by mass relative to the total mass of the zinc alloy. Zinc alloys meeting this zinc content allow for increased production of main columns 10 and can meet the basic needs of construction in a more economical way. In other embodiments, the zinc content is 95% to 99% by mass relative to the total mass of the zinc alloy. Zinc alloys meeting this zinc content require more processing steps and longer processing times in metalworking to enhance toughness and malleability. Therefore, since the purity of the zinc material of the main column 10 of the present invention is 60% to 100%, a lower recrystallization temperature of zinc metal or zinc alloy improves toughness and malleability, enhances vibration energy absorption capacity, and avoids damage due to low-cycle fatigue, thus enabling continuous and long-term use.

[0016] The two support plates 20 are positioned at both ends of the vibration-damping bearing, spaced apart and parallel to each other. The shapes of the two support plates 20 may be circular, square, or other geometric shapes. The two support plates 20 are connected to the ground, large objects such as buildings, bridges, and machinery, and small objects such as equipment, and a pair of receiving holes 21 are formed in the center of each of the two support plates 20 to receive the ends of the main column 10. Such two support plates 20 can be connected to structures, equipment, foundations, bridge abutments, or floors by bolts, welding, or rivets, but are not limited to these methods. Also, in Figure 1, each of the two support plates 20 has a plurality of bolt holes 60 arranged in a ring shape at intervals on the support plate 20.

[0017] The first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40 are alternately installed between the two support plates 20, and the main column 10 is fitted into them so as to surround the main column 10. The first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40 may be sheet bodies exhibiting circular, square, or other geometric shapes corresponding to the shapes of the two support plates 20, but they may also exhibit shapes different from the two support plates 20. For example, if each of the support plates 20 is square, the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40 may be circular. Furthermore, each of the first material layer 30 and each of the second material layer 40 is preferably made of different flexible materials. For example, each first material layer 30 is preferably made of rubber, metal, carbon fiber, or composite material, and each second material layer 40 is preferably made of metal, rubber, carbon fiber, or composite material. Furthermore, the main column 10 penetrates two support plates 20, a plurality of first material layers 30, and a plurality of second material layers 40, and the thickness of each of the plurality of first material layers 30 may be the same or different, and the thickness of each of the plurality of second material layers 40 may be the same or different.

[0018] As shown in Figures 2, 9, and 10, the shear strain of the main column 10 is defined as D / H, which is the value obtained by dividing the horizontal deformation or lateral deformation D of the main column 10 by the height H of the main column 10 that is subjected to shear deformation. The horizontal deformation or lateral deformation D of the main column 10 refers to the relative horizontal displacement or lateral displacement in the horizontal direction between the uppermost and lowermost ends of the main column 10 that penetrate the multiple first material layers 30 and the multiple second material layers 40. The height H of the main column 10 that is subjected to shear deformation is the sum of the thicknesses of the multiple first material layers 30 and the multiple second material layers 40 that the main column 10 penetrates.

[0019] According to the technical features described above, when using the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention, the two support plates 20 are fixed to the floor and the object, respectively. During an earthquake, the main column 10, the first material layer 30, and the second material layer 40 deform, providing a vibration absorption effect that prevents damage caused by the direct transmission of earthquake and environmental vibrations and energy to large objects such as buildings, bridges, or equipment. Furthermore, since the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention provides a sufficient damping effect without the need for other dampers such as hydraulic dampers, it can significantly reduce costs, making it economical. It is also very convenient to use because it does not require additional space to accommodate other dampers. Furthermore, the main column 10 is a columnar body made of a tough material having a shear strain capacity of at least 50%, which is formed by metalworking zinc metal or a zinc alloy. Since zinc is an environmentally friendly and biodegradable material, and is an essential component for maintaining the normal functions of the human body, the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention does not cause environmental pollution problems even when it reaches the end of its service life and is dismantled, and complies with environmental protection laws.

[0020] Furthermore, since zinc has a high yield stress, high bearing capacity, and a large damping effect, a zinc main column 10 not only saves material, but also enhances seismic resistance by suppressing the displacement of the vibration-damping bearing and significantly improving the damping effect, while also being economical. Moreover, since the melting point of zinc is 420°C, which is higher than that of lead (327°C), even if the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention absorbs vibration energy during an earthquake and its temperature rises, the rise in temperature will not reach the melting point of zinc. Therefore, the main column 10 of the present invention functions appropriately during an earthquake, and the functions of the main column 10 and the vibration-damping bearing can be continuously maintained. Furthermore, since zinc has a high specific heat and thermal conductivity, its temperature does not rise easily after absorbing earthquake vibration energy, so the vibration energy absorption function of the main column 10 does not deteriorate.

[0021] Furthermore, the zinc or zinc alloy in the main column 10 can be subjected to an annealing or tempering process at temperatures ranging from 40°C to 415°C to improve its toughness and malleability, resulting in a variety of grain sizes to meet the needs of various projects.

[0022] Furthermore, the zinc or zinc alloy in the main column 10 may undergo processes such as annealing, extrusion, ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing), severe plastic deformation (SPD), hydrostatic extrusion, metal rolling, die casting, thermal-mechanical processing, spark plasma sintering, sintering, argon plasma processing, spinning forming, axial forming, shear forming, flow forming, forging, high pressure torsion (HPT), or tempering. By undergoing metal processing methods such as the Process, the main column 10 becomes a tough material with at least 50% shear strain capacity, resulting in superior toughness, malleability, and strength, thus improving deformation and energy absorption capabilities. Furthermore, by subjecting the material of the main column 10 to an annealing or tempering process at a temperature of 40°C to 415°C, various grain sizes can be obtained to meet the needs of various projects.

[0023] Furthermore, zinc metal or zinc alloy is manufactured by metalworking, and the metalworking method can utilize pressure, shear force, torsional force, bending moment, tensile force, or a combination thereof. This metalworking method allows the zinc metal or zinc alloy to undergo at least one cycle of the same / different degrees of strain at various (same or different) temperatures from -12°C to 415°C, or through processing at the same / different time intervals, thereby enhancing its toughness and energy absorption function, and improving the vibration energy absorption ability of the vibration-damping bearing during earthquakes. Thus, the metalworking method for the main column 10 material can enhance the toughness and vibration energy absorption effect of the main column 10 by using a combination of pressure and torsional force, a combination of pressure and shear force, or a combination of pressure and bending moment. Note that the combination of forces includes a combination of pressure and torsion, a combination of pressure and shear force, and a combination of pressure and bending moment.

[0024] Furthermore, in order to verify that using metal-processed zinc metal or zinc alloy as the material for the main column 10 in the present invention can achieve remarkable and important functions and effects, various experiments were conducted on the vibration-damping bearing. As shown in Figures 11 to 14, relevant experimental tests were conducted using a test specimen corresponding to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention (the difference in the test specimen from the first preferred embodiment is that the outside of the vibration-damping bearing is covered with a first material layer 30 to prevent the influence of weather, but the first material layer 30 does not affect the actual function or mechanical behavior of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention). The diameter of the test specimen was 146 millimeters (mm), the height was 85 millimeters (mm), and the main column 10 was made of zinc. As shown in Figure 14, according to the definition of the height H of the main column 10 subjected to shear deformation, the height H is 53 millimeters (mm), the diameter of the main column 10 is 12.5 millimeters (mm), and the cross-sectional area of ​​the main column 10 is 122.7185 square millimeters (mm²). 2The first material layer 30 consists of a total of 11 layers, and each first material layer 30 has a thickness of 3 millimeters (mm), so the total thickness of these multiple first material layers 30 is 33 millimeters (mm). Each first material layer 30 is made of rubber, and the shear modulus of the rubber is 1.077 MPa (i.e., 10.979 kgf / cm²). 2 The second material layer 40 consists of a total of 10 layers, and each second material layer 40 has a thickness of 2 millimeters (mm), so the total thickness of these multiple second material layers 40 is 20 millimeters (mm). Each second material layer 40 is made of steel, and the height H of the main column 10 is 53 millimeters (mm, i.e., 33 mm + 20 mm), which is the sum of the multiple first material layers 30 and the multiple second material layers 40 through which the main column 10 passes. Each support plate 20 is also made of steel and has a thickness of 16 millimeters (mm). Figures 15 to 17 show the hysteresis loops between the relative horizontal displacement and the horizontal force or shear force when the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention undergoes relative displacement in different horizontal directions under a vertical pressure of 10 MPa.

[0025] In the experiment on the above test specimen, the frequency of the cyclic loading in the horizontal direction was set to 0.4 Hz (period 2.5 seconds). Figure 15 is a diagram of the hysteresis loop's response relationship when the relative horizontal displacement (i.e., deformation D in Figure 14) of the vibration-damping bearing according to the present invention (the same applies to the main column 10) is 33 millimeters (mm). According to the definition of the present invention, the shear strain (D / H) of the zinc main column 10 in this experiment is 33 millimeters (mm) / 53 millimeters (mm) = 62.264%, while according to the design standards and specifications for seismic isolation bridges of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (hereinafter referred to as AASHTO), the shear strain of the first material layer 30 is 33 millimeters (mm) / 33 millimeters (mm) = 100% (AASHTO does not define the shear strain of the main column 10). Figure 16 is a diagram showing the reaction relationship of the hysteresis loop when the relative horizontal displacement (i.e., deformation amount D in Figure 14) of the vibration-damping bearing according to the present invention (the same applies to the main column 10) is 49.5 millimeters (mm). According to the definition of the present invention, the shear strain of the main column 10 as a test specimen in the experiment is 49.5 millimeters (mm) / 53 millimeters (mm) = 93.396%, while according to the AASHTO definition, the shear strain of the first material layer 30 is 49.5 millimeters (mm) / 33 millimeters (mm) = 150%. Figure 17 is a diagram showing the reaction relationship of the hysteresis loop when the relative horizontal displacement (i.e., deformation amount D in Figure 14) of the vibration-damping bearing according to the present invention (the same applies to the main column 10) is 66 millimeters (mm). According to the definition of the present invention, the shear strain of the main column 10 as a test specimen in the experiment is 66 millimeters (mm) / 53 millimeters (mm) = 124.528%, while according to the AASHTO definition, the shear strain of the first material layer 30 is 66 millimeters (mm) / 33 millimeters (mm) = 200%.

[0026] As shown in Figure 15, when the relative horizontal displacement is 33 millimeters (mm), the characteristic strength of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is 3.488 kilonewtons (kN). However, according to the AASHTO design standards and specifications for seismic isolation bridges, the characteristic strength of a lead rubber bearing (LRB) of the same size is only 0.99402 kN (i.e., 6.36173 × lead core column diameter × lead core column diameter N (Newtons) = 6.36173 × 12.5 × 12.5 Newtons = 994.02 Newtons (N) = 0.99402 kilonewtons). From the above characteristic strength, it can be seen that the characteristic strength of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is approximately 3.5090 times that of a lead rubber bearing. Furthermore, according to the experimental results shown in Figure 15, when the relative horizontal displacement is 33 millimeters (mm), the average absorbed energy in each cycle of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is 469.898 kN·mm. However, according to the AASHTO definition, the average absorbed energy in each cycle of a lead rubber bearing of the same size is 131.2106 kN·mm. Therefore, it can be seen that the vibration energy absorption function of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is approximately 3.5812 times that of a lead rubber bearing. Moreover, according to the experimental results shown in Figure 15, the equivalent effective damping ratio of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is 12.0874%, but according to the AASHTO definition, the equivalent damping ratio of a lead rubber bearing of the same size and rubber material (same shear modulus of elasticity 1.077 MPa) is 3.9733%. Therefore, it can be seen that the equivalent damping ratio of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is approximately 3.04216 times that of a lead rubber bearing.

[0027] As shown in Figure 16, when the relative horizontal displacement is 49.5 millimeters (mm), the characteristic strength of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is 4.447 kilonewtons (kN). However, according to the AASHTO definition, the characteristic strength of a lead rubber bearing of the same size is only 0.99402 kN. Therefore, the characteristic strength of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is approximately 4.4738 times that of a lead rubber bearing. Furthermore, according to the experimental results shown in Figure 16, the average absorbed energy in each cycle of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is 1196.2347 kN·mm. However, according to the AASHTO definition, the average absorbed energy in each cycle of a lead rubber bearing of the same size is 196.8160 kN·mm. Therefore, the vibration energy absorption effect of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is approximately 6.0779 times that of a lead rubber bearing. Furthermore, according to the experimental results shown in Figure 16, the equivalent damping rate of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is 13.0480%. However, according to the AASHTO definition, the equivalent damping rate of a lead-rubber bearing of the same size and rubber material is 2.7052%. Therefore, it can be seen that the equivalent damping rate of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is approximately 4.8233 times that of a lead-rubber bearing.

[0028] As shown in Figure 17, when the relative horizontal displacement is 66 millimeters (mm), the characteristic strength of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is 4.850 kilonewtons (kN). However, according to the AASHTO definition, the characteristic strength of a lead rubber bearing of the same size is only 0.99402 kN. Therefore, the characteristic strength of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is approximately 4.8792 times that of a lead rubber bearing. Furthermore, according to the experimental results shown in Figure 17, the average absorbed energy in each cycle of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is 1513.0443 kN·mm. However, according to the AASHTO definition, the average absorbed energy in each cycle of a lead rubber bearing of the same size is 262.4213 kN·mm. Therefore, the vibration energy absorption effect of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is approximately 5.7657 times that of a lead rubber bearing. Furthermore, according to the experimental results shown in Figure 17, the equivalent damping ratio of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is 10.4673%. However, according to the AASHTO definition, the equivalent damping ratio of a lead-rubber bearing of the same size and rubber material is 2.05066%. Therefore, it can be seen that the equivalent damping ratio of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is approximately 5.104357 times that of a lead-rubber bearing.

[0029] Based on the hysteresis loop reaction of the above-mentioned test specimen, the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention exhibits sufficiently stable mechanical behavior and good toughness. Compared to the characteristics of conventional lead rubber bearings, it can be demonstrated that the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention has far higher strength and vibration energy absorption capacity, and thus exhibits superior effects.

[0030] According to a second preferred embodiment of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention, shown in Figure 4, compared to the first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, the vibration-damping bearing is equipped with a plurality of main columns 10. Each main column 10 is arranged at intervals with respect to the center of the vibration-damping bearing, and the deformation of each main column 10 produces a damping effect.

[0031] According to a third preferred embodiment of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention, shown in Figures 5 and 6, compared to the first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, in this third preferred embodiment, a restraining unit 50 is provided between the main column 10 and the first material layer 30, the second material layer 40, and the two support plates 20, surrounding the outside of the main column 10. This restraining unit 50 is made of a deformable material or a high specific heat material to provide a restraining function, a deformation space, and a function to suppress temperature rise with respect to the main column 10, and is preferably made of a deformable soft material, a high specific heat material, a high thermal conductivity material, a hollow cylinder, or a helical spring.

[0032] According to the fourth preferred embodiment of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention, shown in Figure 7, compared to the first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, in this fourth preferred embodiment, the main column 10 of the vibration-damping bearing penetrates the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40, but does not penetrate the two support plates 20.

[0033] According to a fifth preferred embodiment of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention, shown in Figure 8, compared to the first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, in this fifth preferred embodiment, the main column 10 of the vibration-damping bearing penetrates the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40, and also penetrates a portion of the two support plates 20 in the thickness direction.

[0034] According to the sixth preferred embodiment of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention, shown in Figure 9, compared to the first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, in this sixth preferred embodiment, the main column 10 of the vibration-damping bearing penetrates the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40, penetrates one support plate 20, and penetrates a portion of the other support plate 20 in the thickness direction.

[0035] Referring to the seventh preferred embodiment of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention shown in Figure 10, compared to the first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, in this seventh preferred embodiment, the main column 10 of the vibration-damping bearing penetrates only a portion of the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40.

[0036] According to the technical features described above, the vibration-damping bearing according to the present invention primarily achieves a damping effect through the deformation of the main column 10, while simultaneously achieving a vibration absorption effect through the deformation of the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40. Therefore, it is possible to prevent damage to objects caused by the direct transmission of earthquake vibrations and energy to large objects such as buildings and bridges, and to small objects such as equipment. Furthermore, since the main column 10, which is made of zinc metal or zinc alloy, has a relatively high melting point, specific heat, and thermal conductivity, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the function of the main column 10 due to heat generated by repeated deformation, and to prevent serious environmental impacts caused by the melting of the main column 10. Moreover, since zinc metal or zinc alloy recrystallizes at low temperatures, after absorbing earthquake energy, damage due to low-cycle fatigue hardly occurs, and its properties change from a brittle material with poor mechanical properties to a tough material with very good mechanical properties, thus satisfying the basic requirements for earthquake energy absorption. In addition, in the present invention, the toughness and energy absorption effect of the zinc metal or zinc alloy constituting the main column 10 can be enhanced by inducing at least one equal / different degree of strain, or by processing at the same / different time intervals. This results in superior strength and improved deformation and energy absorption capabilities, thereby improving the vibration energy absorption function of the vibration-damping bearing during earthquakes. Furthermore, by installing a restraint unit 50 on each main column 10, the present invention can provide the main column 10 with a restraint function, deformation space, and a function to suppress temperature rise. As a result, the vibration damping function of the vibration-damping bearing of the present invention is improved, it is environmentally friendly, has excellent damping effect, maintains overall function, suppresses temperature rise, and provides a vibration-damping bearing with a suitable vibration absorption effect. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0037] 10 Main pillars 20 Support plate 21 Receptor pores 30 1st material layer 40 Second material layer 50 Restraint Units 60 bolt holes D Amount of deformation H Height

Claims

1. It is a vibration-damping bearing, The material is a columnar body made of zinc metal or a zinc alloy, and in order to change the mechanical properties of the columnar body from brittle to tough, the material is metalworked to create at least one main column having a shear strain capacity of at least 50%, Two support plates are positioned at each end of the vibration-damping bearing with a gap between them, A vibration-damping bearing characterized by comprising a plurality of first material layers and a plurality of second material layers, each alternately installed between the two support plates, and into which the at least one main column is fitted so as to surround the at least one main column.

2. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of main columns is one.

3. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of main columns is multiple.

4. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the main column penetrates the plurality of first material layers and the plurality of second material layers.

5. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the main column penetrates the two support plates and the plurality of first material layers and the plurality of second material layers.

6. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the main column penetrates a portion of the plurality of first material layers and a portion of the plurality of second material layers.

7. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the plurality of first material layers has the same thickness.

8. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the plurality of second material layers has the same thickness.

9. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of first material layers has a different thickness.

10. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of second material layers has a different thickness.

11. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of second material layers has a different thickness.

12. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of second material layers has a different thickness.

13. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that a restraining unit surrounding the outside of the main column is installed between the main column and the plurality of first material layers and the plurality of second material layers.

14. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the main column penetrates the plurality of first material layers and the plurality of second material layers, and penetrates a portion of one of the support plates in the thickness direction.

15. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the main column penetrates the plurality of first material layers and the plurality of second material layers, and penetrates a portion of the two support plates in the thickness direction.

16. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the main column penetrates the plurality of first material layers, the plurality of second material layers, and one of the support plates, and penetrates a portion of the other support plate in the thickness direction.

17. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the purity of the zinc material in the main column is at least 60% by mass ratio.

18. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material constituting the main column is processed by methods such as annealing, extrusion, ECAP method, large strain processing, hydrostatic extrusion, rolling, die casting, thermomechanical process, discharge plasma sintering method, sintering process, argon plasma treatment, spinning, axial forming, shear forming, flow forming, forging, high-pressure torsion processing, or tempering.

19. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the main column is the zinc alloy, and the zinc content of the zinc alloy is 50% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the zinc alloy.

20. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 19, characterized in that the zinc alloy comprises zinc and a first component, wherein the first component comprises aluminum, copper, lithium, iron, magnesium, manganese, calcium, zirconium, bismuth, chromium, titanium, germanium, strontium, lead, silver, or a combination thereof.

21. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 19, characterized in that the zinc content of the zinc alloy is 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the zinc alloy.

22. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the main column is the zinc metal, and the purity of the zinc metal is 99% or higher.

23. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 22, characterized in that the purity of the zinc metal is 99% to 99.5%.

24. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 22, characterized in that the purity of the zinc metal is 99.5% to 99.9%.

25. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 22, characterized in that the purity of the zinc metal is 99.9% to 99.98%.

26. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 22, characterized in that the purity of the zinc metal is 99.98% to 99.995%.

27. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 22, characterized in that the purity of the zinc metal is 99.995% to 100%.

28. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material constituting the main column undergoes metal processing that generates at least one strain.

29. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material constituting the main column undergoes metal processing that generates multiple strains.

30. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material constituting the main column undergoes metal processing that generates strain at least once at the same temperature.

31. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material constituting the main column undergoes metal processing that generates strain at least once at different temperatures.

32. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the metalworking method for the material constituting the main column uses pressure, shear force, torsional force, bending moment, tensile force, or a combination of the aforementioned forces.

33. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the metalworking method for the material constituting the main column uses a combination of pressure and torsional force.

34. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the metalworking method for the material constituting the main column uses a combination of pressure and shear force.

35. The vibration-damping bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the metalworking method for the material constituting the main column uses a combination of pressure and bending moment.

Images