Conjugate containing detectable portion

Abstract

Disclosed herein are detectable moieties and detectable conjugates comprising one or more detectable moieties. In some embodiments, the disclosed detectable moieties have narrow wavelengths and are suitable for multiplexing. Also disclosed are methods for labeling one or more targets in a biological specimen using any of the detectable conjugates and / or detectable moieties described herein.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications This application claims the benefit as of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 071,518, filed on 28 August 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] Areas of disclosure This disclosure relates to a conjugate containing a detectable portion, for example, a conjugate for use in detecting one or more targets in a biological sample. [Background technology]

[0003] Background of Disclosure Immunohistochemistry (IHC) refers to the process of detecting, localizing, and / or quantifying antigens, such as proteins, in biological samples using antibodies specific to a particular antigen. IHC offers the substantial advantage of precisely identifying the location of a particular protein within a tissue sample. It is also an effective method for examining the tissue itself. In situ hybridization (ISH) refers to the process of detecting, localizing, and quantifying nucleic acids. Both IHC and ISH can be performed on a variety of biological samples, including tissues (fresh frozen, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, etc.) and cytological samples. Target recognition can be detected using various labels (e.g., chromogenic, fluorescent, luminescent, radioactive), regardless of whether the target is a nucleic acid or an antigen. Amplification of recognition events is desired because the ability to reliably detect low-abundance cellular markers for diagnostic purposes is becoming increasingly important for reliably detecting, locating, and quantifying targets in clinical settings. For example, depositing hundreds or thousands of labeling molecules at the marker site in response to a single antigen detection event enhances the ability to detect that recognition event through amplification.

[0004] Adverse events often involve amplification of obvious nonspecific signals, such as increased background signals. Increased background signals can hinder clinical analysis by obscuring faint signals that may be associated with low but clinically important expression. Therefore, amplification of recognition events is desirable, but amplification methods that do not increase background signals are highly desirable. One such method is tyramide signal amplification (TSA), also known as catalytic reporter deposition (CARD). U.S. Patent No. 5,583,001 discloses a method for detecting and / or quantifying an analyte using an analyte-dependent enzyme activation system that relies on catalytic reporter deposition to amplify a detectable labeled signal. The catalysis of the enzyme in the CARD or TSA method is enhanced by reacting a labeled phenol molecule with the enzyme. Modern methods utilizing TSA effectively increase signals obtained from IHC and ISH assays without resulting in significant background signal amplification (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication 2012 / 0171668, whose entire disclosure relating to tyramide amplification reagents is incorporated herein by reference). Reagents for these amplification approaches are being applied to clinically important targets to provide robust diagnostic capabilities that were previously unattainable (VENTANA OptiView Amplification Kit, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson AZ, Catalog No. 760-099).

[0005] TSA utilizes the reaction between horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and tyramide. In the presence of H2O2, tyramide is converted into a highly reactive, short-lived radical intermediate that preferentially reacts with electron-rich amino acid residues on proteins. The covalently bound, detectable label can then be detected by various colorimetric visualization techniques and / or fluorescence microscopy. In solid-phase immunoassays such as IHC and ISH, where spatial and morphological contexts are crucial, the short lifetime of the radical intermediate allows tyramide to covalently bind to proteins on tissues close to the site of generation, resulting in a separated, specific signal.

[0006] A concurrently pending application PCT / EP2015 / 053556, entitled “Quinone Methide Analogue Signal Amplification,” with an international filing date of February 20, 2015, describes an alternative technique ("QMSA") that can be used to increase signal amplification without increasing background signal, similar to TSA. In fact, PCT / EP2015 / 053556 describes a novel quinone methide analogue precursor and a method for using the quinone methide analogue precursor in detecting one or more targets in a biological sample. There, the detection method is described as comprising the steps of contacting the sample with a detection probe, and then contacting the sample with a labeled conjugate containing an enzyme. The enzyme interacts with the quinone methide analogue precursor containing a detectable label to form a reactive quinone methide analogue, which binds proximal to or directly to the target in the biological sample. The detectable label is then detected. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0007] Brief explanation of disclosure A first aspect of this disclosure is formula (I): [Z]-[Q] m -[W] (I)

[0008] (wherein Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; m is 0, 1, or 2; W is a detectable moiety; and Z is a moiety that can participate in a “tissue-reactive moiety” or “click chemistry” reaction). In some embodiments, W is a moiety having one of the formulas (IIA), (IIB), (IIC), (IIIA), (IIIB), (IVA), (IVB), (IVC), (IVD), (IVE), (IVF), (IVG), (IVH), (VA), (VB), (VI), (VIIA), (VIIB), and (VIIC) (each described herein).

[0009] In some embodiments, W is a moiety having the formula (IIA): JPEG0007848186000001.jpg37170

[0010] where each R e is independently -OH, -O-alkyl, or -N(R x )(R y ), and R x and R y are independently H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, or R x and R y together form a 3-, 4- or 5-membered cyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups,

[0011] R g is -H, -CH3 or -CH2-CH3, <​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

[0016] In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y If the heterocycle contains nitrogen, the heterocycle may further include substitutions such as halogen substitution. In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y When it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, the compound of formula (IIA) has a second R other than (i)H. e (ii) R other than H g It further includes any of the bases.

[0017] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (IIIA): JPEG0007848186000002.jpg63170

[0018] It is a component having, in the formula, each R f Independently, -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y is independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, or any two R f The groups may come together to form a substituted or unsubstituted saturated or unsaturated ring.

[0019] R g is -H, -CH3, or -CH2-CH3,

[0020] U 1 is O, N, or S,

[0021] a is an integer in the range of 0 or 1 to 6.

[0022] In some embodiments, W is given by formula (IVA): JPEG0007848186000003.jpg66170

[0023] Selected from, in the formula, U 1 is O, N, or S,

[0024] U 2 is either O or S,

[0025] R g It is -CH3 or -CH2-CH3,

[0026] R i is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group.

[0027] Alternatively, R g and R i Together, they form a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered cyclic ring or aromatic ring, which may be optionally substituted with halogens or C1-C4 alkyl groups.

[0028] R h is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group.

[0029] R x is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms.

[0030] R z is H, or one or more halogen atoms or -S(O)(O)-O - It is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group that is arbitrarily substituted with a base,

[0031] Alternatively, R h And, R x or R z Together with one of them, it forms a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered cyclic ring or aromatic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0032] R jis H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group.

[0033] Alternatively, R j and R h It forms a 5-membered or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more C1-C4 alkyl groups.

[0034] a is an integer in the range of 0 or 1 to 6.

[0035] In some embodiments, W is the formula (VA) or (VB): JPEG0007848186000004.jpg174170

[0036] One of the following is selected, and in the formula,

[0037] R g It is -CH3 or -CH2-CH3,

[0038] R i is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group.

[0039] Alternatively, R g and R i Together, they form a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered ring which may be optionally substituted with a halogen or a C1-C4 alkyl group.

[0040] R h is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group.

[0041] R x is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms.

[0042] R z is H, or one or more halogen atoms or -S(O)(O)-O - A C1-C4 alkyl group that is arbitrarily substituted with a group,

[0043] R t is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group.

[0044] Alternatively, R t And, R x or R z Together with one of them, it forms a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered cyclic ring or aromatic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0045] Each R j is independently H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group.

[0046] Alternatively, R j and R t It forms a 5-membered or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, or R j and R x or R z One of the two is a 5-membered or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, or R x , R t , and R j Together, they form a bicyclic ring which may be saturated or unsaturated and may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0047] Each R l These are independently H or halogen atoms,

[0048] a is an integer in the range of 0 or 1 to 6.

[0049] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (VI): JPEG0007848186000005.jpg68170

[0050] Selected from, where a is an integer in the range of 0 or 1 to 6,

[0051] R pis a halogen atom,

[0052] R n is a bond or -CH2-,

[0053] Each R o is independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group, or when R n is a bond, both R o groups may together form a 6-membered cyclic or aromatic ring optionally substituted with one or more halogen groups or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0054] Each R g is independently -CH3 or -CH2-CH3,

[0055] R m is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 group optionally substituted with H, one or more halogen atoms and / or one or more -S(O)(O)(OH) groups, or a branched or unbranched C1-C 20 alkyl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from O or N and optionally containing one or more carbonyl groups, provided that the C1-C 20 alkyl group terminates with a moiety capable of participating in a click chemistry reaction.

[0056] Each R s or R t is independently selected from branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl groups, or

[0057] alternatively, any two adjacent R s groups and R t groups and / or any two adjacent R g groups and R t groups may together form a 5- or 6-membered cyclic or aromatic group optionally substituted with one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0058] In some embodiments, W is of formula (VIIA): JPEG0007848186000006.jpg48170

[0059] selected from, wherein R x is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,

[0060] R m is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 group optionally substituted with H, one or more halogen atoms and / or one or more -S(O)(O)(OH) groups, or a branched or unbranched C1-C 20 alkyl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from O or N and optionally containing one or more carbonyl groups, provided that the C1-C 20 alkyl group terminates with a moiety capable of participating in a click chemistry reaction,

[0061] R q and R r are each independently H, a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, or the group R s where R s is a saturated or unsaturated C1-C 20 alkyl group containing at least one amide group and optionally substituted with one or more heteroatoms, provided that the group R s terminates with a moiety capable of participating in a click chemistry reaction,

[0062] Provided that at least one of R q or R r contains the group R s and further, R q and R r are both not R s shall be.

[0063] The second aspect of the present disclosure is the formula (VIII): [X]-[Q] m -[W] (VIII)

[0064] (wherein Q is a group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally having one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and being branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted; m is 0, 1, or 2; W is a “detectable moiety”; and X is a “tissue-reactive moiety” selected from quinone methide precursors, derivatives or analogs of quinone methide precursors, tyramides, or tyramide derivatives). In some embodiments, W is a moiety having one of the formulas (IIA), (IIB), (IIC), (IIIA), (IIIB), (IVA), (IVB), (IVC), (IVD), (IVE), (IVF), (IVG), (IVH), (VA), (VB), (VI), (VIIA), (VIIB), and (VIIC).

[0065] In some embodiments, the quinone methide precursor or a derivative or analog of the quinone methide precursor is of formula (IXA) or (IXE): JPEG0007848186000007.jpg38170

[0066] It has one of the following structures, where R 1 R is selected from the group consisting of phosphates, amides, nitros, ureas, sulfates, methyls, esters, beta-lactams, and sugars. 2 It is a halogen, and R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 R is independently selected from hydrogen or an aliphatic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 7 is, -(CH2) w NH-, -O(CH2) w NH-, -N(H)C(O)(CH2) w NH-, -C(O)N(H)(CH2) w NH-, -(CH2) w O-, -O(CH2) w O-, -O(CH2CH2O) w -, -N(H)C(O)(CH2) w O-, -C(O)N(H)(CH2) w O-, -C(o)N(H)(CH2CH2O)w -,-(CH2) w S-, -O(CH2) w S-, -N(H)C(O)(CH2) w S-, -C(O)N(H)(CH2) w S-, -(CH2) w NH-, -C(O)N(H)(CH2CH2O) w CH2CH2NH, -C(O)(CH2CH2O) w CH2CH2NH-, -C(O)N(H)(CH2)NHC(O)CH(CH3)(CH2) w NH-, or-N(H)(CH2) w It is NH-, and w is an integer in the range of 1 to 12.

[0067] In some embodiments, w is in the range of 2 to 6.

[0068] In some embodiments, tyramide or a tyramide derivative is of formula (XA) or (XB): JPEG0007848186000008.jpg37170

[0069] The formula has one of the following structures, where each R group is independently selected from hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or

[0070] In some embodiments, Q is given by equation (XIA) JPEG0007848186000009.jpg30170

[0071] It has the structure, where s is 0, 1, or 2, and L is a bond, O, S, or N(R) c )(R d ) and R a and R b These are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl groups, F, Cl, or -N(R) c )(R d ) and R c and R d It is independently selected from CH3 or H, and R 8 and R 9t is independently a bond or a group selected from carbonyl, amide, imide, ester, ether, amine, thion, or thiol, where t is an integer in the range of 1 to 8.

[0072] In some embodiments, Q is given by equation (XIB): JPEG0007848186000010.jpg30170

[0073] It has the structure, where s is 0, 1, or 2, and L is a bond, O, S, or N(R) c )(R d ) and R c and R d R is independently CH3 or H, 8 and R 9 t is independently a bond or a group selected from carbonyl, amide, imide, ester, ether, amine, or thiol, where t is an integer in the range of 1 to 8.

[0074] A third aspect of this disclosure is formula (XII): [Y]-[Q] m -[W] (XII)

[0075] (wherein Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; m is 0, 1, or 2; W is a detectable moiety; and Y is a moiety capable of participating in click chemistry reactions.) In some embodiments, W is a moiety having one of the formulas (IIA), (IIB), (IIC), (IIIA), (IIIB), (IVA), (IVB), (IVC), (IVD), (IVE), (IVF), (IVG), (IVH), (VA), (VB), (VI), (VIIA), (VIIB), and (VIIC).

[0076] In some embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of dibenzocyclooctin, trans-cyclooctene, azide, tetrazine, maleimide, thiol, 1,3-nitrone, aldehyde, ketone, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine.

[0077] In some embodiments, Q is given by equation (XIA) JPEG0007848186000011.jpg31170

[0078] It has the structure, where f is 0, 1, or 2, and L is a bond, O, S, or N(R) c )(R d ) and R a and R b These are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl groups, F, Cl, or -N(R) c )(R d ) and R c and R d It is independently selected from CH3 or H, and R 8 and R 9 j is independently a bond or a group selected from carbonyl, amide, imide, ester, ether, amine, thione, or thiol, and j is an integer in the range of 1 to 8.

[0079] In some embodiments, Q is given by equation (XIB): JPEG0007848186000012.jpg30170

[0080] It has the structure, where f is 0, 1, or 2, and L is a bond, O, S, or N(R) c )(R d ) and R c and R d R is independently CH3 or H, 8 and R 8 j is independently a bond or a group selected from carbonyl, amide, imide, ester, ether, amine, or thiol, and j is an integer in the range of 1 to 8.

[0081] In a fourth aspect of this disclosure, a kit comprising (a) formula (XIII): [Y 1 ]-[Q] m -[W] (XIII)

[0082] (wherein Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, m is 0, 1, or 2, W is a detectable portion, Y 1 A compound having a moiety comprising a first member of a pair of reactive functional groups that can participate in click chemistry reactions,

[0083] (b) Formula (XIV): [X]-[M] n -[Y 2 ] (XIV)

[0084] (wherein X is the "structure-reactive part", M is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or cyclic aliphatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and optionally containing one or more carbonyl groups, Y 2 The kit comprises a compound having a moiety that includes a moiety containing a second member of a pair of reactive functional groups that can participate in click chemistry reactions. In some embodiments, W is a moiety having one of the formulas (IIA), (IIB), (IIC), (IIIA), (IIIB), (IVA), (IVB), (IVC), (IVD), (IVE), (IVF), (IVG), (IVH), (VA), (VB), (VI), (VIIA), (VIIB), and (VIIC).

[0085] A fifth aspect of this disclosure is formula (I): [Z]-[Q] m -[W] (I)

[0086] It is a compound having the following in the formula:

[0087] Z is (i) a "tissue-reactive moiety," or (ii) a functional group or a moiety containing a functional group that can participate in a "click chemistry" reaction.

[0088] Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S.

[0089] m is 0, 1, or 2.

[0090] W is given by equation (IIA): JPEG0007848186000013.jpg36170

[0091] It has, in the formula, each R e These are independently -OH, -O-alkyl, or -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y is independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, or R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, R g is -H, -CH3, or -CH2-CH3, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1 to 4.

[0092] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (IIB): JPEG0007848186000014.jpg36170

[0093] It has, in the formula, R e is -OH, -O-alkyl, or -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R yis independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, or R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, R g is -H, -CH3, or -CH2-CH3, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1 to 4.

[0094] In some embodiments, it is -N(H)(Me). In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y These together form an unsubstituted four-membered ring. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a halogen-substituted, four-membered cyclic ring.

[0095] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (IIC): JPEG0007848186000015.jpg36170

[0096] It has, in the formula, R e is -OH, -O-alkyl, or -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R yis independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, or R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1 to 6.

[0097] In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0098] In some embodiments, W is The file is selected from the group consisting of JPEG0007848186000016.jpg213170 and JPEG0007848186000017.jpg41170.

[0099] A sixth aspect of this disclosure is formula (I): [Z]-[Q] m -[W] (I)

[0100] It is a compound having the following in the formula:

[0101] Z is (i) a "tissue-reactive moiety," or (ii) a functional group or a moiety containing a functional group that can participate in a "click chemistry" reaction.

[0102] Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S.

[0103] m is 0, 1, or 2.

[0104] W is given by equation (IIIA): JPEG0007848186000018.jpg63170

[0105] It has, in the formula, each R f Independently, -N(R x )(R y ) and Rx and R y is independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, or any two R f The groups may come together to form a substituted or unsubstituted saturated or unsaturated ring, R g is -H, -CH3, or -CH2-CH3, U 1 is O, N, or S, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1 to 6.

[0106] In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Me). In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)CF3. In some embodiments, U 1 is N, and R f is -N(H)(Me), -NH2, -N(H)CF3, -N(H)-CH2-F, -N(H)-CH2-CH2-F, -N(H)-CH(F)(F), -N(Me)CF3, -N(Et)CF3, or -N(H)(Ipr). In some embodiments, a is 0. In some embodiments, U 1 It is N.

[0107] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (IIIB): JPEG0007848186000019.jpg58170

[0108] It has, in the formula, R f is --N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y These are independently branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl groups optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms.

[0109] R g is -H, -CH3, or -CH2-CH3, U 1 is O, N, or S, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1 to 6.

[0110] In some embodiments, R x and R y At least one of them is H. In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0111] In some embodiments, W is The filename is JPEG0007848186000020.jpg42170.

[0112] A seventh aspect of this disclosure is formula (I): [Z]-[Q] m -[W] (I)

[0113] It is a compound having the following in the formula:

[0114] Z is (i) a "tissue-reactive moiety," or (ii) a functional group or a moiety containing a functional group that can participate in a "click chemistry" reaction.

[0115] Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S.

[0116] m is 0, 1, or 2.

[0117] W is given by equation (IVA): JPEG0007848186000021.jpg64170

[0118] It has, in the formula, U 1 is O, N, or S, U 2 is O or S, R g is -CH3 or -CH2-CH3, and R i is either H or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group, or R g and R i Together, they form a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered cyclic ring or aromatic ring, which may be optionally substituted with halogens or C1-C4 alkyl groups, R his H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group, and R x is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, and R z is either H, or one or more halogen atoms or -S(O)(O)-O - It is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group that is optionally substituted with a group, or R x and R z They combine to form a 3, 4, or 5-member ring which may be optionally substituted, or R h and R x or R z One of them joins together to form a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered cyclic ring or aromatic ring, which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, R j is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group, or R j and R h It forms a 5-membered or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more C1-C4 alkyl groups, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1 to 6.

[0119] In some embodiments, a is 0. In some embodiments, R x is a C1-C2 alkyl group. In some embodiments, U 2 is S. In some embodiments, U 1 It is N.

[0120] In some embodiments, U 2 is O, R z is -S(O)(O)-O - It is an unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group substituted with a group. In some embodiments, U 1 is N and U 2 O is R z is -S(O)(O)-O - It is an unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group substituted with a group. In some embodiments, U 2 S is R zis an unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms. In some embodiments, U 1 is N and U 2 is O, R z is an unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms. In some embodiments, U 1 is N and U 2 S is R z This is an unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

[0121] In some embodiments, W is formula (IVC) or (IVD): JPEG0007848186000022.jpg128170

[0122] Having one of the following, R g is CH3 or -CH2-CH3, and R i is either H or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group.

[0123] Alternatively, R g and R i Together, they form a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered ring which may be optionally substituted with a halogen or a C1-C4 alkyl group, R h is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group, and R x R is a branched or unbranched 1-C4 alkyl group that is optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, z is H, or one or more halogen atoms or -S(O)(O)-O - It is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group that is arbitrarily substituted with a group, or R h and R x or R z Together with one of them, they form a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered cyclic ring or aromatic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, R j is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group, or R jand R h This forms a 5-membered or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more C1-C4 alkyl groups, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1 to 6.

[0124] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (IVE): JPEG0007848186000023.jpg61170

[0125] It has, in the formula, U 1 is O, N, or S, U 2 is O or S, R g is -CH3 or -CH2-CH3, and R i is either H or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group, or R g and R i Together, they form a 5, 6, or 7-membered ring which may be optionally substituted with a halogen or a C1-C4 alkyl group, R z is H, or one or more halogen atoms or -S(O)(O)-O - A branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group that is optionally substituted with a group, R j a is H or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1-6.

[0126] In some embodiments, R i and R g They come together to form a 6-membered ring-like structure, R z is a C1-C4 alkyl group. In some embodiments, U 2 is O, R i and R g They come together to form a 6-membered ring-like structure, R z is a C1-C4 alkyl group. In some embodiments, U 2 S is R i and R g They come together to form a 6-membered ring-like structure, R z is a C1-C4 alkyl group. 35. In some embodiments, R i and R gThey come together to form a 6-membered ring-like structure, U 2 S is R z is -S(O)(O)-O - These are unbranched C1-C4 alkyl groups substituted with a group.

[0127] In some embodiments, W is given by formulas (IVG) and (IVH): JPEG0007848186000024.jpg116170

[0128] It has one of the following, in the formula U 1 is O, N, or S, U 2 is O or S, R z is either H, or one or more halogen atoms or -S(O)(O)-O - A branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group that is optionally substituted with a base, R j a is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1-6.

[0129] In some embodiments, R z R is a C1-C4 alkyl group. In some embodiments, R z is an unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group. In some embodiments, R z is -S(O)(O)-O - These are unbranched C1-C3 alkyl groups substituted with a group.

[0130] In some embodiments, W is The file is selected from the group consisting of JPEG0007848186000025.jpg220170, JPEG0007848186000026.jpg219170, and JPEG0007848186000027.jpg106170.

[0131] The eighth aspect of this disclosure is formula (I): [Z]-[Q] m -[W] (I)

[0132] It is a compound having the following in the formula:

[0133] Z is (i) a "tissue-reactive moiety," or (ii) a functional group or a moiety containing a functional group that can participate in a "click chemistry" reaction.

[0134] Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S.

[0135] m is 0, 1, or 2.

[0136] W is given by equations (VA) and (VB): JPEG0007848186000028.jpg174170

[0137] It has one of the following, in the formula,

[0138] R g is CH3 or -CH2-CH3, and R i is either H or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group.

[0139] Alternatively, R g and R i Together, they form a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered ring which may be optionally substituted with a halogen or a C1-C4 alkyl group, R h is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group, and R x is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, and R z is either H, or one or more halogen atoms or -S(O)(O)-O - A C1-C4 alkyl group that is arbitrarily substituted with a group, R t is H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group, or R t and R x or R zTogether with one of them, they form a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered cyclic ring or aromatic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, and each R j is independently H, or a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl group, or R j and R t It forms a 5-membered or 6-membered ring which may optionally be substituted with one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, or R j And, R x or R z One of them is a 5-membered or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, or R x , R t , and R j Together, they form a bicyclic ring which may be saturated or unsaturated and may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, and each R l is independently H or a halogen atom, and a is 0 or an integer in the range of 1 to 6.

[0140] In some embodiments, R t and R x They come together to form a 6-membered ring. In some embodiments, R t and R x Together, they form a six-membered ring substituted with one or more methyl or ethyl groups, one or more -CH2-S(O)(O)(OH) groups, one or more -CH2-CH2-S(O)(O)(OH) groups, -CH2-CH2-CH2-S(O)(O)(OH) groups, or -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-S(O)(O)(OH) groups. In some embodiments, R i and R g These combine to form a 6-membered substituted ring. In some embodiments, R t and R x They come together to form a 6-member ring, R i and R g They come together to form a 6-membered ring. In some embodiments, R x , R t and R jThey come together to form a biring ring. In some embodiments, R x , R t and R j They come together to form a biring ring, R i and R g They come together to form a 6-membered ring. In some embodiments, R i and R g Together, they form a six-membered ring substituted with one or more methyl or ethyl groups, one or more -CH2-S(O)(O)(OH) groups, one or more -CH2-CH2-S(O)(O)(OH) groups, -CH2-CH2-CH2-S(O)(O)(OH) groups, or -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-S(O)(O)(OH) groups. In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0141] In some embodiments, W is Selected from the group consisting of JPEG0007848186000029.jpg205170, JPEG0007848186000030.jpg216170, JPEG0007848186000031.jpg209170, and JPEG0007848186000032.jpg192170.

[0142] The ninth aspect of this disclosure is formula (I): [Z]-[Q] m -[W] (I)

[0143] It is a compound having the following in the formula:

[0144] Z is (i) a "tissue-reactive moiety," or (ii) a functional group or a moiety containing a functional group that can participate in a "click chemistry" reaction.

[0145] Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S.

[0146] m is 0, 1, or 2.

[0147] W is given by equation (VI): JPEG0007848186000033.jpg68170

[0148] The formula has a such that a is an integer in the range of 0 or 1 to 6, and R p is a halogen atom, R n is a bond or -CH2-, and each R o Independently, is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group, or R n If it is -CH2-, then both R o The groups may combine to form a 6-membered cyclic ring or aromatic ring which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen groups or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups, and each R g These are independently -CH3 or -CH2-CH3, and R m It may contain H, one or more halogen atoms and / or one or more -S(O)(O)(OH) groups, or one or more heteroatoms selected from O or N, and may contain one or more carbonyl groups, branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl groups. 20 It is an alkyl group, however C1~C 20 The alkyl group is terminated at a site where it can participate in click chemistry reactions, and each R s Base or R t The group is independently selected from branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl groups, or any two adjacent R groups. s Base and R t base and / or any two adjacent R g Base and R t The groups may combine to form a 5-membered or 6-membered cyclic ring or aromatic group, which may be substituted with one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0149] In some embodiments, R n is -CH2-. In some embodiments, R n is a bond, and at least one R g is methyl. In some embodiments, R nis -CH2-, and each R o They come together to form a 6-membered ring. In some embodiments, a pair of adjacent R t and R s The base forms a 6-membered ring. In some embodiments, adjacent R t Base and R s Both sets of bases form a 6-membered ring. In some embodiments, a set of adjacent R t and R s The group forms a 6-membered ring, R n is -CH2-, and each R o These come together to form a 6-membered ring. In some embodiments, at least one pair of adjacent R t , R s and R g The base forms a biring ring. In some embodiments, R n is -CH2-, and R m However, it is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group that is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms and / or one or more -S(O)(O)(OH) groups. In some embodiments, a pair of adjacent R t Base and R s The group forms a 6-membered ring, R m However, it is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group that is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms and / or one or more -S(O)(O)(OH) groups.

[0150] In some embodiments, a pair of adjacent R t Group, R s Base and R g The group forms a biring ring, and adjacent R t Base and R s Another set of bases forms a 6-member ring, R m However, it is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group that is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms and / or one or more -S(O)(O)(OH) groups. In some embodiments, R n The bond is at least one R g is methyl, R mHowever, branched or unbranched C1-C atoms optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O or N, and optionally contain one or more carbonyl groups. 20 It is an alkyl group, however C1~C 20 The alkyl group is terminated at a site where it can participate in click chemistry reactions. In some embodiments, R n is -CH2-, and R m However, branched or unbranched C1-C atoms optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O or N, and optionally contain one or more carbonyl groups. 20 It is an alkyl group, however C1~C 20 The alkyl group is terminated at a site where it can participate in click chemistry reactions. In some embodiments, a pair of adjacent R t Group, R s Base, and R g The group forms a bicyclic ring, R m However, branched or unbranched C1-C atoms optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O or N, and optionally contain one or more carbonyl groups. 20 It is an alkyl group, however C1~C 20 The alkyl group terminates at a site where it can participate in click chemistry reactions.

[0151] In some embodiments, W is Selected from the group consisting of JPEG0007848186000034.jpg222170JPEG0007848186000035.jpg228170JPEG0007848186000036.jpg227170JPEG0007848186000037.jpg112170.

[0152] A tenth aspect of this disclosure is formula (I): [Z]-[Q] m -[W] (I)

[0153] It is a compound having the following in the formula:

[0154] Z is (i) a "tissue-reactive moiety," or (ii) a functional group or a moiety containing a functional group that can participate in a "click chemistry" reaction.

[0155] Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S.

[0156] m is 0, 1, or 2.

[0157] W is given by equation (VIIA): JPEG0007848186000038.jpg45170

[0158] It has, in the formula, R x R is a branched or unbranched 1-C4 alkyl group that is optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, m It optionally contains H, a branched or unbranched 1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and / or one or more -S(O)(O)(OH) groups, or one or more heteroatoms selected from O or N, and optionally contains one or more carbonyl groups, and is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group. 20 It is an alkyl group, however C1~C 20 The alkyl group is terminated at a site where it can participate in click chemistry reactions, R q and R r Each of these is independently H, a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, or the group R s And R s This is a saturated or unsaturated C1-C2 molecule containing at least one amide group. 20 It is an alkyl group, optionally substituted with one or more heteroatoms, provided that the group R s It terminates at a region that can participate in click chemistry reactions, however, R q or R r At least one of them is base R s Includes, and furthermore, R q and Rr Both are R s isn't it.

[0159] In some embodiments, R f and R x Both are H. In some embodiments, R m R is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms and / or one or more -S(O)(O)(OH) groups. In some embodiments, R f or R m One of the components is a branched or unbranched C1-C atom that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms selected from O or N, and optionally contains one or more carbonyl groups. 20 It is an alkyl group, however C1~C 20 The alkyl group is terminated at a site where it can participate in click chemistry reactions.

[0160] In some embodiments, W is given by formulas (VIIB) and (VIIC): JPEG0007848186000039.jpg90170

[0161] It has one of the following, in the formula R x R is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, m This may contain H, a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and / or one or more -S(O)(O)(OH) groups, or one or more heteroatoms selected from O or N, and may contain one or more carbonyl groups. 20 It is an alkyl group, however C1~C 20 The alkyl group is terminated at a site where it can participate in click chemistry reactions, R q R is a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, sThis is a saturated or unsaturated C1-C atom containing at least one amide group and optionally substituted with one or more heteroatoms. 20 It is an alkyl group, however, the group R s It terminates at a portion that can participate in click chemistry reactions.

[0162] In some embodiments, W is Selected from the group consisting of JPEG0007848186000040.jpg203170.

[0163] The eleventh aspect of this disclosure is, It is a conjugate selected from the group consisting of JPEG0007848186000041.jpg105170JPEG0007848186000042.jpg251170JPEG0007848186000043.jpg218170JPEG0007848186000044.jpg215170JPEG0007848186000045.jpg201170JPEG0007848186000046.jpg196170JPEG0007848186000047.jpg200170JPEG0007848186000048.jpg215170JPEG0007848186000049.jpg149170.

[0164] A twelfth aspect of this disclosure is: JPEG0007848186000050.jpg234170JPEG0007848186000051.jpg234170JPEG0007848186000052.jpg2171 70JPEG0007848186000053.jpg220170JPEG0007848186000054.jpg182170JPEG0007848186000055.jpg19 This is a conjugate selected from the group consisting of 7170JPEG0007848186000056.jpg, 225170JPEG0007848186000057.jpg, 226170JPEG0007848186000058.jpg, 113170JPEG0007848186000059.jpg, 255170JPEG0007848186000060.jpg, and 221170. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0165] A patent or application file must include at least one drawing made in color. A copy of the publication of this patent or patent application, including the color drawing, will be provided to the Office upon request and payment of the required fees.

[0166] [Figure 1A] Figure 1A shows a method for labeling a target with a detectable portion according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0167] [Figure 1B] Figure 1B shows a method for labeling a target with a detectable portion according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0168] [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows a method for detecting a signal corresponding to a target in a biological sample, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, utilizing (i) a detectable moiety and (ii) a detectable conjugate comprising a tyramide moiety, a derivative of a tyramide moiety, a quinone methide precursor moiety, or a derivative of a quinone methide precursor moiety.

[0169] [Figure 3]Figure 3 shows the deposition of a conjugate containing a quinone methide precursor according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0170] [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows the deposition of a conjugate containing a tyramide portion according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0171] [Figure 5] Figure 5 illustrates a method for detecting a signal corresponding to a target in a biological sample, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, utilizing a detectable conjugate comprising (i) a detectable portion and (ii) a reactive functional group that can participate in a click chemistry reaction.

[0172] [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows the deposition of a conjugate containing a quinone methide precursor according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0173] [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows the deposition of a conjugate containing a tyramide portion according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0174] [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows the absorbance spectra of several detectable regions, in particular, the different maximum absorbance values ​​of different detectable regions.

[0175] [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows the absorbance spectrum and relative visual response of the detectable portion.

[0176] [Figure 10A] Figure 10A shows hydroxycoumarin-tyramide staining of HER2 on a Calu-3 xenograft as viewed through a 405 nm (30 nm FWHM) filter.

[0177] [Figure 10B]Figure 10B shows hydroxycoumarin-tyramide stained HER2 on a Calu-3 xenograft as viewed without a filter (white light from a tungsten lamp).

[0178] [Figure 11A] Figure 11A shows aminomethylcoumarin-tyramide stained HER2 on a Calu-3 xenograft as seen through a 376 nm (30 nm FWHM) filter.

[0179] [Figure 11B] Figure 11B shows aminomethylcoumarin-tyramide stained HER2 on a Calu-3 xenograft as viewed without a filter (white light from a tungsten lamp).

[0180] [Figure 12A] Figure 12A shows Cy7-quinone methide stained Ki67 on tonsil tissue as seen through a 725 nm (48 nm FWHM) filter.

[0181] [Figure 12B] Figure 12B shows Cy7-quinone methide staining of Ki67 on tonsil tissue viewed without a filter (white light from a tungsten lamp).

[0182] [Figure 13A] Figure 13A shows a multiplexed IHC sample imaged under illumination with a non-mixed 376 nm filter.

[0183] [Figure 13B] Figure 13B shows serial sections of PSMA stained with DAB.

[0184] [Figure 14A] Figure 14A shows a multiplexed IHC sample imaged under illumination with a non-mixed 438 nm filter.

[0185] [Figure 14B] Figure 14B shows serial sections of Ki67 stained with DAB.

[0186] [Figure 15A] Figure 15A shows a multiplexed IHC sample imaged with illumination using a non-mixed 510 nm filter.

[0187] [Figure 15B] Figure 15B shows serial sections of CD8 stained with DAB.

[0188] [Figure 16A] Figure 16A shows a multiplexed IHC sample imaged under illumination with a non-mixed 549 nm filter.

[0189] [Figure 16B] Figure 16B shows P504x(AMACR) of serial sections stained with DAB.

[0190] [Figure 17A] Figure 17A shows a multiplexed IHC sample imaged under illumination with a non-mixed 580 nm filter.

[0191] [Figure 17B] Figure 17B shows serial sections of basal cells stained with DAB.

[0192] [Figure 18] Figure 18 shows a multiplexed IHC sample imaged under illumination with a non-mixed 620 nm filter. Portion B is the absorbance of the hematoxylin nuclear stain and is therefore not provided (no DAB IHC equivalent).

[0193] [Figure 19A] Figure 19A shows a multiplexed IHC sample imaged under illumination with a non-mixed 676 nm filter.

[0194] [Figure 19B] Figure 19B shows serial sections of ERG stained with DAB.

[0195] [Figure 20A] Figure 20A shows a multiplexed IHC sample imaged under illumination with a non-mixed 725 nm filter.

[0196] [Figure 20B] Figure 20B shows serial sections of PTEN stained with DAB.

[0197] [Figure 21] Figure 21 shows a color composite image using pseudo-color parameters (see Table 2 in this specification). [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0198] Detailed explanation This specification discloses detectable portions and detectable conjugates comprising one or more detectable portions. In some embodiments, the disclosed detectable portions have narrow wavelengths and are suitable for multiplexing.

[0199] definition

[0200] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” refer to multiple objects unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise. Similarly, the word “or” is intended to include “and” unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise. The term “includes” is defined inclusively, so as “includes A or B” means including A, B, or A and B.

[0201] Terms such as “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are interchangeable and have the same meaning. Similarly, terms such as “comprises,” “includes,” and “has” are interchangeable and have the same meaning. Specifically, each term is defined in accordance with the general U.S. Patent Law definition of “comprising,” and is therefore interpreted as an open term meaning “at least the following,” and is not interpreted as excluding additional features, limitations, aspects, etc. Thus, for example, “an apparatus having components a, b, and c” means that the apparatus includes at least components a, b, and c. Similarly, the phrase “a method including steps a, b, and c” means that the method includes at least steps a, b, and c. Furthermore, while steps and processes may be outlined in a particular order herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that the ordering of steps and processes may vary.

[0202] As used herein, terms such as “alkyl,” “aromatic,” “heteroalkyl,” and “cycloalkyl” include both substituted and unsubstituted forms of the indicated group. In this regard, whenever a group or part is described as “substituted” or “optionally substituted” (or “optionally having” or “optionally containing”), the group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the indicated substituents. Similarly, when a group is described as “substituted or unsubstituted” when it is substituted, the substituent may be selected from one or more of the indicated substituents. If substituents are not indicated, the indicated "optionally substituted" or "substituted" groups are alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (heteroalicyl)alkyl, hydroxy, protected hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, cyanate, halogen, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N -This means that the group may be substituted with one or more groups individually and independently selected from thiocarbamyl, C-amide, N-amide, S-sulfonamide, N-sulfonamide, C-carboxy, protected C-carboxy, O-carboxy, isocyanato, thiocyanato, isothiocyanato, nitro, silyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, trihalomethanesulfonyl, trihalomethanesulfonamide, ether, amino (e.g., monosubstituted amino group or disubstituted amino group), and their protected derivatives. Any of the above groups may contain one or more heteroatoms including O, N, or S. For example, if the portion is substituted with an alkyl group, the alkyl group may contain a heteroatom selected from O, N, or S (e.g., -(CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3)).

[0203] As used herein, alkaline phosphatase (AP) is an enzyme that removes and transfers phosphate-grouped organic esters (by hydrolysis) by cleaving the phosphate-oxygen bond and temporarily forming an intermediate enzyme-substrate bond. For example, AP hydrolyzes naphthol phosphate ester (substrate) to phenol compounds and phosphates. The phenol binds to a colorless diazonium salt (pigment source) to produce an insoluble colored azo dye.

[0204] As used herein, the term “antibody” (sometimes abbreviated as “Ab”) means immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin-like molecule, including, but not limited to, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, combinations thereof, and similar molecules produced during immune responses in any vertebrate (e.g., in mammals such as humans, goats, rabbits, and mice), and antibody fragments that specifically bind to a molecule of interest (or a group of molecules very similar to the interest) in order to substantially eliminate binding to other molecules. An antibody further refers to a polypeptide ligand containing at least a light-chain or heavy-chain immunoglobulin variable region that specifically recognizes and binds to an antigen epitope. An antibody may consist of a heavy-chain and a light-chain, each containing a variable region called a variable-heavy (VH) region and a variable-light (VL) region. Together, the VH and VL regions are responsible for binding to the antigen recognized by the antibody. The term antibody also includes intact immunoglobulins, as well as their variants and portions well known in the art.

[0205] As used herein, the term “antigen” refers to a compound, composition, or substance that can be specifically bound by antibody molecules or products of specific humoral or cellular immunity, such as T cell receptors. Antigens can be any type of molecule, including, for example, haptens, simple intermediate metabolites, sugars (e.g., oligosaccharides), lipids and hormones, and macromolecules such as complex carbohydrates (e.g., polysaccharides), phospholipids, nucleic acids and proteins.

[0206] As used herein, the term "aryl" means an aromatic carbocyclic radical or substituted carbocyclic radical, preferably containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl or naphthyl, or phenyl or naphthyl, which is optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, carboxy, aroyl, halo, nitro, trihalomethyl, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, aroylamino, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylene, or -NYY', where Y and Y' are independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl.

[0207] As used herein, the term “biological sample” can be any solid or fluid sample obtained from, excreted by, or secreted by any organism, including, but not limited to, single-celled organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, protozoa, and amoebas, and especially multicellular organisms (e.g., plants or animals, including samples from healthy or seemingly healthy human subjects or human patients suffering from symptoms or diseases being diagnosed or investigated, such as cancer). For example, a biological sample could be, for example, blood, plasma, serum, urine, bile, ascites, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor or vitreous fluid, or any bodily secretions, exudates, or effusions (e.g., bodily fluids obtained from an abscess or any other site of infection or inflammation), or bodily fluids obtained from a joint (e.g., a normal joint or a diseased joint). A biological sample could also be a sample obtained from any organ or tissue (including biopsy or autopsy specimens such as tumor biopsies), or could include any cells, tissues or organs adapted to cells (whether primary or cultured) or culture media. In some examples, the biological sample is a nuclear extract. In certain examples, the sample is a quality control sample, such as one of the disclosed cell pellet section samples. In other examples, the sample is a test sample. The sample can be prepared using any method known to those skilled in the art. The sample can be obtained from subjects for routine screening or from subjects suspected of having a disorder such as a genetic abnormality, infection, or neoplasm. The embodiments described of the disclosed method can also be applied to samples that do not have a genetic abnormality, disease, disorder, etc., referred to as a “normal” sample. The sample may comprise multiple targets that can be specifically bound by one or more detection probes.

[0208] As used herein, "a" and "b" are integers. a From C b"C1-C4 alkyl" refers to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group, or the number of carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, or aryl ring, or the total number of carbon atoms and heteroatoms in a heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or heteroalicyl group. In other words, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl ring, cycloalkenyl ring, cycloalkynyl ring, aryl ring, heteroaryl ring, or heteroalicyl ring can contain "a" to "b" carbon atoms. Therefore, for example, a "C1-C4 alkyl" group refers to all alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, namely CH3-, CH3CH2-, CH3CH2CH2-, (CH3)2CH-, CH3CH2CH2CH2, CH3CH2CH(CH3)-, and (CH3)3C-. If "a" and "b" are not specified with respect to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkylcycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heteroalcyclyl groups, the broadest range described in those definitions is assumed.

[0209] As used herein, the term “conjugate” refers to two or more molecules or parts (including macromolecules or supramolecular molecules) covalently bonded to a larger construct. In some embodiments, the conjugate includes one or more biomolecules (such as peptides, proteins, enzymes, sugars, polysaccharides, lipids, glycoproteins, and lipoproteins) covalently bonded to one or more other molecular parts.

[0210] As used herein, the terms “joining” or “to bond” refer to the joining, bonding (e.g., covalent bonding) or linking of one molecule or atom to another molecule or atom.

[0211] As used herein, the term "cycloalkyl" in a similar sense (e.g., cyclic alkyl group) refers to a completely saturated (without double or triple bonds) monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring system. When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be bonded together in a condensation manner. A cycloalkyl group may contain 3 to 10 atoms in the ring or 3 to 8 atoms in the ring. A cycloalkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted. Typical cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.

[0212] As used herein, the term “detectable portion” refers to a molecule or material that can produce a detectable signal (visually, electronically, or otherwise, etc.) indicating the presence (i.e., qualitative analysis) and / or concentration (i.e., quantitative analysis) of a label in a sample.

[0213] As used herein, the terms “halogen atom” or “halogen” mean any one of the radiostable atoms in the seventh column of the periodic table, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

[0214] As used herein, the term “heteroatom” means including boron (B), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and silicon (Si). In some embodiments, a “heterocycle” may contain one or more heteroatoms. In other embodiments, an aliphatic group may contain one or more heteroatoms or be substituted with one or more heteroatoms.

[0215] As used herein, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is an enzyme that can be conjugated to a labeled molecule. When incubated with a suitable substrate, it produces a colored derivative, a fluorescent quantitative conductor, or a luminescent derivative of the labeled molecule, enabling detection and quantification. HRP acts in the presence of an electron donor to first form an enzyme-substrate complex, and then oxidize the electron donor. For example, HRP can act on 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) to produce a detectable color. HRP can also act on labeled tyramide conjugates or tyramide-like reactive conjugates (i.e., ferrate, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, cinnamate, dopamine, etc.) to deposit a colored, fluorescent, or colorless reporter moiety for tyramide signal amplification (TSA).

[0216] As used herein, the term “label” refers to a detectable portion that may be an atom or molecule, or an aggregate of atoms or molecules. A label may provide an optical, electrochemical, magnetic, or electrostatic (e.g., inductive, capacitive) signature that is detectable.

[0217] As used herein, the terms “multiplexing,” “multiplexed,” or “multiplexed” refer to the simultaneous, substantially simultaneous, or sequential detection of multiple targets in a sample. Multiplexing may include the identification and / or quantification of multiple different nucleic acids (e.g., DNA, RNA, mRNA, miRNA) and polypeptides (e.g., proteins) individually, and in any combination and all combinations.

[0218] As used herein, "quinone methide precursor" is a quinone analog in which one of the carbonyl oxygens on the corresponding quinone is substituted with a methylene group (-CH2-) to form an alkene.

[0219] As used herein, the terms “reactive group” or “reactive functional group” refer to a functional group that can chemically associate, interact with, hybridize, hydrogen bond, or couple with a functional group of a different part. In some embodiments, “reaction” between two reactive groups or two reactive functional groups may mean the formation of a covalent bond between two reactive groups or two reactive functional groups, or the association, interaction, hybridization, hydrogen bonding, etc., between two reactive groups or two reactive functional groups. Thus, in some embodiments, “reaction” includes binding events such as the binding of a hapten to an anti-hapten antibody, or a guest molecule binding to a supramolecular host molecule.

[0220] As used herein, the term “specific binding entity” refers to a member of a specific binding pair. A specific binding pair is a pair of molecules characterized by binding to each other in a manner that substantially excludes binding to other molecules (for example, a specific binding pair may have a binding constant that is at least 10⁻³M, 10⁻⁴M, or 10⁻⁵M greater than the binding constant of either of the two members of a binding pair with other molecules in a biological sample). Specific examples of specific binding moieties include specific binding proteins (e.g., antibodies, lectins, avidins such as streptavidin, and protein A). A specific binding moiety may also include a molecule (or a portion thereof) that is specifically bound by such a specific binding protein.

[0221] Whenever a group or part is described as “substituted” or “optionally substituted” (or “optionally having” or “optionally containing”), the group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more indicated substituents. Similarly, when a group is described as “substituted or unsubstituted” when it is substituted, the substituent may be selected from one or more indicated substituents. If no substituent is indicated, the indicated “optionally substituted” or “substituted” group may be alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroallicyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (heteroallicyl)alkyl, hydroxy, protected hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, cyanate, halogen, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N-thio This means that the group may be substituted with one or more groups individually and independently selected from ocarbamyl, C-amide, N-amide, S-sulfonamide, N-sulfonamide, C-carboxy, protected C-carboxy, O-carboxy, isocyanato, thiocyanato, isothiocyanato, nitro, silyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, trihalomethanesulfonyl, trihalomethanesulfonamide, amino, ether, amino (e.g., monosubstituted or disubstituted amino groups), and their protected derivatives. Any of the above groups may contain one or more heteroatoms including O, N, or S. For example, if the portion is substituted with an alkyl group, the alkyl group may contain a heteroatom selected from O, N, or S (e.g., -(CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2)-).

[0222] As used herein, the term “target” refers to any molecule whose presence, location, and / or concentration are determined or can be determined. Examples of target molecules include proteins, nucleic acid sequences, and haptens such as haptens covalently bound to proteins. Target molecules are typically detected using one or more conjugates of a specific binding molecule and a detectable label.

[0223] When used in this specification, JPEG0007848186000061.jpg10170 indicates the location where one part is joined to another.

[0224] overview

[0225] This disclosure provides compounds comprising a detectable moiety. In some embodiments, the compound is a conjugate of a detectable moiety with either (i) a tissue-reactive moiety or (ii) a functional group “detectable conjugate” that can participate in “click chemistry” reactions. In some embodiments, as described herein, the detectable moiety has a narrow wavelength.

[0226] In some embodiments, the detectable conjugate is suitable for use in labeling target molecules, such as target molecules present in biological samples (e.g., cytological or histological specimens). In some embodiments, the detectable conjugate of the Disclosure is suitable for use in immunohistochemical assays and / or in situ hybridization assays. In some embodiments, the detectable conjugate of the Disclosure is suitable for use in multiplex immunohistochemical assays and / or multiplex in situ hybridization assays.

[0227] Detectable conjugate

[0228] In some embodiments of this disclosure, formula (I): [Z]-[Q] m -[W] (I)

[0229] It is a compound having the following in the formula:

[0230] Z is (i) a "tissue-reactive moiety," or (ii) a functional group or a moiety containing a functional group that can participate in a "click chemistry" reaction.

[0231] Q is a branched or unbranched, linear or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S.

[0232] W is the "detectable portion",

[0233] m is 0, 1, or 2.

[0234] In some embodiments, m is 0. In other embodiments, m is 1. In yet another embodiment, m is 2.

[0235] Parts Z, Q, and W are described further herein.

[0236] Detectable portion

[0237] As described above, the compound of formula (I) contains a detectable portion. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths outside the visible spectrum. In other embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths outside the visible spectrum and does not absorb light that results in electronic excitation (i.e., photoexcitation). In other embodiments, the detectable portion is outside the visible spectrum and has wavelengths at which the detectable portion is not an emission portion. In other embodiments, the detectable portion is outside the visible spectrum and has wavelengths at which the detectable portion is not a photoluminescent portion. In other embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths outside the visible spectrum and the detectable portion is not a chemiluminescent portion. In other embodiments, the detectable portion is outside the visible spectrum and has wavelengths at which the detectable portion is not a fluorescence portion.

[0238] Characteristics of the detectable portion

[0239] In some embodiments, a detectable portion of any detectable conjugate of this disclosure may be characterized according to the full width of the absorbance peak at half-maximal absorbance, which is referred to herein as FWHM. FWHM is an equation for the range of a function given by the difference between two extrema of an independent variable where the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value. In other words, it is the width of the spectral curve measured between points on the y-axis that are half of the maximum amplitude. This is given by the distance between points on the curve where the function reaches half of its maximum value. Essentially, FWHM is a parameter commonly used to describe the width of a “bump” on a curve or function. In some embodiments, the maximum absorbance (λ) max While ) can represent the wavelength of maximum absorption in the detectable portion, FWHM represents the width of the spectral absorbance.

[0240] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a narrow FWHM. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a full width at half maximum that is smaller than the FWHM of conventional dyes or pigments (e.g., those typically deposited by precipitation). For example, conventional pigments (e.g., DAB, Fast Red, Fast Blue, or nanoparticle silver stains used in SISH technology) may have an FWHM of about 200 nm or more, whereas the detectable portion of the present disclosure may have an FWHM of less than about 200 nm, for example, less than about 150 nm, less than about 130 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 80 nm, or less than about 60 nm.

[0241] In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the FWHM has an FWHM that is 40% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment (e.g., hematoxylin, eosin, or specialty dye), 50% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment, 55% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment, 65% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment, 70% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment, 75% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment, 80% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment, 85% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment, 90% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment, or 95% lower than that of a conventional dye or pigment.

[0242] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 200 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 190 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 180 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 170 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 150 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 140 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 120 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 110 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 90 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 70 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with an FWHM of less than approximately 50 nm.

[0243] In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the present disclosure has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 15 nm to 150 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 15 nm to 145 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 15 nm to 140 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 15 nm to 135 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 15 nm to 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 15 nm to 125 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 15 nm to 120 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 15 nm to 110 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 15 nm to 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak with an FWHM of 15 nm to 90 nm.

[0244] In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the present disclosure has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 20 nm to 150 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 20 nm to 145 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 20 nm to 140 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 20 nm to 135 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 20 nm to 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 20 nm to 125 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 20 nm to 120 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 20 nm to 110 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 20 nm to 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak with an FWHM of 20 nm to 90 nm.

[0245] In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the present disclosure has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 25 nm to 150 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 25 nm to 145 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 25 nm to 140 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 25 nm to 135 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 25 nm to 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 25 nm to 125 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 25 nm to 120 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 25 nm to 110 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 25 nm to 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak with an FWHM of 25 nm to 90 nm.

[0246] In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the present disclosure has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 30 nm to 150 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 30 nm to 145 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 30 nm to 140 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 30 nm to 135 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 30 nm to 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 30 nm to 125 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 30 nm to 120 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 30 nm to 110 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak having an FWHM of 30 nm to 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has an absorbance peak with an FWHM of 30 nm to 90 nm.

[0247] Detectable portion of the ultraviolet spectrum

[0248] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength in the ultraviolet spectrum. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 420 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 415 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 410 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 400 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 405 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 395 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 390 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 385 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 380 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 375 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength less than approximately 370 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has peak absorbance wavelengths in the range of approximately 100 nm to approximately 400 nm, approximately 100 nm to approximately 390 nm, approximately 100 nm to approximately 380 nm, or approximately 100 nm to approximately 370 nm.

[0249] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 420 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 415 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 400 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 405 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 395 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 390 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 385 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 380 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 375 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 370 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0250] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 420 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 415 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 400 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 405 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 395 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 390 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 385 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 380 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 375 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 370 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0251] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 420 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 415 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 400 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 405 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 395 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 390 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 385 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 380 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 375 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 370 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0252] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 420 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 415 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 400 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 405 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 395 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 390 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 385 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 380 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 375 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 370 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm.

[0253] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 420 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 415 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 400 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 405 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 395 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 390 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 385 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 380 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 375 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 370 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0254] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 420 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 415 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 400 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 405 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 395 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 390 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 385 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 380 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 375 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 370 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm.

[0255] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 420 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 415 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 400 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 405 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 395 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 390 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 385 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 380 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 375 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion of the disclosed compound has a first absorbance peak having a peak absorbance wavelength of less than approximately 370 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm.

[0256] In some embodiments, the detectable portion contains or is derived from coumarin (i.e., the detectable portion contains a coumarin core). In some embodiments, the coumarin core is a coumarinamine core. In some embodiments, the coumarin core is a 7-coumarinamine core. In some embodiments, the coumarin core is a coumarinol core. In some embodiments, the coumarin core is a 7-coumarinol core. A non-limiting example of a detectable portion having a coumarin core has formula (IIA) as described herein.

[0257] In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-withdrawing groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-withdrawing group. In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, each of the one or more electron-withdrawing groups has an electronegativity range of about 1.5 to about 3.5.

[0258] In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-donating groups (each electron-donating group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-donating group. In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the coumarin core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, one or more electron-donating groups each have an electronegativity range of about 1.5 to about 3.5. In some embodiments, one or more electron-withdrawing and / or electron-donating groups are incorporated to facilitate a shift to the "red" or "blue" spectrum.

[0259] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has wavelengths in the range of about 300 nm to about 460 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has wavelengths in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has wavelengths in the range of about 340 nm to about 430 nm. These ranges may change or shift as more or less electronegative material is introduced into the coumarin core.

[0260] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 460 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 455 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 450 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 445 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 435 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 430 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 425 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 420 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 415 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 410 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 405 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 395 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 390 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 385 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 380 nm ± 10 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 375 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 370 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 365 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 360 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 355 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 350 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 345 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 340 nm + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 335 nm ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 330 nm ± 10 nm.

[0261] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 460 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 455 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 450 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 445 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 435 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 430 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 425 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 420 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 415 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 405 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 395 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 390 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 385 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 380 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 375 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 370 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 365 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 3160 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 355 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 350 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 345 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 340 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 335 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 330 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0262] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 460 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 455 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 450 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 445 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 435 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 430 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 425 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 420 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 415 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 405 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 395 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 390 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 385 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 380 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 375 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 370 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 365 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 3130 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 355 nm ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 350 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 345 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 340 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 335 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 330 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0263] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 460 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 455 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 450 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 445 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 435 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 430 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 425 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 420 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 415 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 405 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 395 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 390 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 385 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 380 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 375 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 370 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 365 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 360 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 355 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 350 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 345 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 340 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 335 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 330 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0264] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 460 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 455 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 450 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 445 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 435 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 430 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 425 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 420 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 415 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 405 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 395 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 390 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 385 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 380 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 375 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 370 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 365 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 360 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 355 nm ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 350 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 345 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 340 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 335 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 330 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm.

[0265] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 460 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 455 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 450 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 445 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 435 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 430 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 425 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 420 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 415 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 410 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 405 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 395 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 390 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 385 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 380 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 375 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 370 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 365 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 360 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 355 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 350 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 345 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 340 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 335 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a coumarin core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 330 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0266] Examples of suitable coumarin moieties are described herein, and any of the coumarin moieties may have the above-mentioned peak absorbance wavelength and / or FWHM values.

[0267] The detectable portion of the visible spectrum

[0268] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength within the visible spectrum. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength between approximately 400 nm and approximately 760 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength between approximately 440 nm and approximately 720 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength between approximately 460 nm and approximately 680 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength between approximately 500 nm and approximately 640 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength between approximately 540 nm and approximately 600 nm.

[0269] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength in the visible spectrum. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength of about 400 nm to about 760 nm and a first absorbance peak having an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength of about 440 nm to about 720 nm and a first absorbance peak having an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength of about 460 nm to about 680 nm and a first absorbance peak having an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength of about 500 nm to about 640 nm and a first absorbance peak having an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 540 nm to approximately 600 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0270] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm to approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm to approximately 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 460 nm to approximately 680 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 500 nm to approximately 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 540 nm to approximately 600 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0271] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm to approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm to approximately 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 460 nm to approximately 680 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 500 nm to approximately 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 540 nm to approximately 600 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0272] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm to approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm to approximately 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 460 nm to approximately 680 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 500 nm to approximately 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 540 nm to approximately 600 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm.

[0273] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a peak absorbance wavelength in the visible spectrum. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 400 nm to about 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 440 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 460 nm to about 680 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 500 nm to about 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 540 nm to about 600 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0274] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm to approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm to approximately 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 680 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 500 nm to approximately 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 540 nm to approximately 600 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm.

[0275] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 400 nm to approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 440 nm to approximately 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 680 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 500 nm to approximately 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 540 nm to approximately 600 nm and an FWHM of less than 40 nm.

[0276] In some embodiments, the detectable portion comprises or is derived from phenoxazine or phenoxazinone (i.e., the detectable portion comprises a phenoxazine or phenoxazinone core). In some embodiments, the detectable portion derived from phenoxazine or phenoxazinone is 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxazinone or 7-amino-4-hydroxy-3-phenoxazinone. A non-limiting example of a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxazinone core has formula (IIIA) as described herein.

[0277] In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxazinone core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-withdrawing groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxazinone core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-withdrawing group. In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxazinone core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxazinone core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxazinone core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxazinone core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-withdrawing groups.

[0278] In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-donating groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-donating group. In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-donating groups.

[0279] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 700 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 680 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 620 nm to about 660 nm.

[0280] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 700+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 695+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 690+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 685+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 680+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 675+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 670 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 665 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 660 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 655 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635 ± 10 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 610 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 605 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 600 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 595 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 590 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 585 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 580 ± 10 nm.

[0281] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 700+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 695+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 690+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 685+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 680 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 675 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 670 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 665 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 660 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 655 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 610 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 605 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 595+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 590+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 585+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 580+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0282] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 700+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 695+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 690+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 685+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 680 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 675 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 670 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 665 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 660 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 655 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 610 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 605 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 595+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 590+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 585+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 580+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0283] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 700+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 695+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 690+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 685+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 680 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 675 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 670 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 665 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 660 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 655 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 610 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 605 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 595+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 590+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 585+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 580 + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0284] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 700+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 695+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 690+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 685+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 680 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 675 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 670 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 665 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 660 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 655 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 610 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 605 ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 600+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 595+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 590+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 585+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a phenoxazine or phenoxadinone core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 580+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0285] In some embodiments, the detectable portion includes or is derived from a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one (i.e., the detectable portion includes a core of thionium or phenoxathiin-3-one). Non-limiting examples of detectable portions having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one have formulas (IIIA) or (IVA) described herein.

[0286] In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-withdrawing groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-withdrawing group. In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-withdrawing groups.

[0287] In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-donating groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-donating group. In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-donating groups.

[0288] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 720 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 720 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 630 nm to about 720 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 645 nm to about 700 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 665 nm to about 690 nm.

[0289] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 630 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 645 nm to about 700 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 665 nm to about 690 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0290] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 630 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 645 nm to about 700 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 665 nm to about 690 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0291] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 630 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 645 nm to about 700 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 665 nm to about 690 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0292] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 630 nm to about 720 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 645 nm to about 700 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 665 nm to about 690 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0293] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 720+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 715+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 710+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 705+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 700+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 695+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 690+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 685+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 680+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 675+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 670 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 665 ± 10 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 660+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 655+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 610 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 605 ± 10 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 600+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 595+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 590+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 585+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 580+ / -10 nm.

[0294] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 720+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 715+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 710+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 705+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 700+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 695+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 690+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 685+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 680+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 675+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 670+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 665+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 660+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 655+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 650+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 645 + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 640 + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 635 + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 630+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 625+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 620+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 615+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 610+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 605+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 595+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 590+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 585+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0295] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 720+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 715+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 710+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 705+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 700+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 695+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 690+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 685+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 680+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 675+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 670+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 665+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 660+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 655+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 650+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 645+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 640+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 635+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 630+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 625+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 620+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 615+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 610+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 605+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 595+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 590+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 585+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0296] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 720+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 715+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 710+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 705+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 700+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 695+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 690+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 685+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 680+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 675+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 670+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 665+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 660+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 655+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 650+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 645 + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 640 + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 635 + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 630+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 625+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 620+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 615+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 610+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 605+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 595+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 590+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 585 + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0297] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 720+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 715+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 710+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 705+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 700+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 695+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 690+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 685+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 680+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 675+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 670+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 665+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 660+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 655+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 650+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 645+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 640+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 635+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 630+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 625+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 620+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 615+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 610+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 605+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 595+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 590+ / -10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a core of thionium, phenoxazine, or phenoxathiin-3-one has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 585 + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0298] In some embodiments, the detectable portion includes or is derived from a xanthene core (i.e., the detectable portion includes a xanthene core). Non-limiting examples of detectable portions having a xanthene core have formulas (VA) or (VB) as described herein.

[0299] In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-withdrawing groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-withdrawing group. In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-withdrawing groups.

[0300] In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-donating groups (each electron-donating group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-donating group. In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the xanthene core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-donating groups.

[0301] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 650 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a wavelength in the range of about 590 nm to about 640 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 630 nm. In some embodiments, when a conjugate including a detectable portion containing a xanthene core is applied to the problem, the absorbance described above can be shifted by about 5 to about 10 nm relative to the red spectrum.

[0302] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 650 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 590 nm to about 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 630 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, when a conjugate including a detectable portion containing a xanthene core is applied to the problem, the absorbance described above can be shifted by about 5 to about 10 nm relative to the red spectrum.

[0303] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 650 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 590 nm to about 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 630 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, when a conjugate including a detectable portion containing a xanthene core is applied to the problem, the absorbance described above can be shifted by about 5 to about 10 nm relative to the red spectrum.

[0304] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 650 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 590 nm to about 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 630 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, when a conjugate including a detectable portion containing a xanthene core is applied to the problem, the absorbance described above can be shifted by about 5 to about 10 nm relative to the red spectrum.

[0305] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 650 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 590 nm to about 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 630 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, when a conjugate including a detectable portion containing a xanthene core is applied to the problem, the absorbance described above can be shifted by about 5 to about 10 nm relative to the red spectrum.

[0306] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength in the range of about 580 nm to about 650 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 590 nm to about 640 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 600 nm to about 630 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, when a conjugate including a detectable portion containing a xanthene core is applied to the problem, the absorbance described above can be shifted by about 5 to about 10 nm relative to the red spectrum.

[0307] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 610+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 605+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 600+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 595+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 590+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 585+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 580+ / -10 nm.

[0308] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 610 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 605 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 600 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 595 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 590 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 585 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 580 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0309] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 610 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 605 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 595 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 590 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 585 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 580 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0310] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 610 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 605 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 595 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 590 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 585 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 580 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0311] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 650 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 645 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 640 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 635 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 630 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 625 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 620 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 615 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 610 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 605 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 600 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 595 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 590 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 585 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a xanthene core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 580 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0312] Detectable portion of the infrared spectrum

[0313] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths in the infrared spectrum. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths greater than approximately 740 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths greater than approximately 750 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths greater than approximately 760 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths greater than approximately 765 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths greater than approximately 770 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths greater than approximately 775 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths greater than approximately 780 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths greater than approximately 785 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths greater than approximately 790 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has wavelengths in the range of approximately 760 nm to approximately 1 mm, approximately 770 nm to approximately 1 mm, or approximately 780 nm to approximately 1 mm.

[0314] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 740 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 750 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 765 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 770 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 775 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 780 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 785 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 790 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0315] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 740 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 750 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 765 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 770 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 775 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 780 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 785 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 790 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0316] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 740 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 750 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 765 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 770 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 775 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 780 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 785 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 790 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0317] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 740 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 750 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 765 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 770 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 775 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 780 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 785 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 790 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm.

[0318] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 740 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 750 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 765 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 770 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 775 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 780 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 785 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 790 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0319] In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 740 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 750 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 760 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 765 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 770 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 775 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 780 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 785 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength greater than approximately 790 nm and an FWHM of less than 50 nm.

[0320] In some embodiments, the detectable portion includes or is derived from a heptamethyn cyanine core (i.e., the detectable portion includes a heptamethyn cyanine core). A non-limiting example of a detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has formula (VI) as described herein.

[0321] In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-withdrawing groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-withdrawing group. In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-withdrawing groups.

[0322] In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-donating groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-donating group. In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the heptamethyn cyanine core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-donating groups.

[0323] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 950 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a wavelength in the range of about 810 nm to about 920 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having heptamethyn cyanine has a wavelength in the range of about 840 nm to about 880 nm.

[0324] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 950 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 810 nm to about 920 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having heptamethyn cyanine has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 840 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0325] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 950 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 810 nm to about 920 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having heptamethyn cyanine has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 840 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0326] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 950 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 810 nm to about 920 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having heptamethyn cyanine has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 840 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0327] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 950 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a wavelength in the range of about 810 nm to about 920 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having heptamethyn cyanine has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 840 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm.

[0328] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 950 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a wavelength in the range of about 810 nm to about 920 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having heptamethyn cyanine has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 840 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0329] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 950+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 945+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 940+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 935+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 930+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 925+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 920+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 915 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 910 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 905 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870 ± 10 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 855 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 850 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835 + / - 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780 ± 10 nm.

[0330] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 950 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 945 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 940 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 935 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 930 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 925 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 920 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 915 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 910 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 905 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 855 nm ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 850 nm ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0331] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 950 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 945 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 940 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 935 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 930 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 925 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 920 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 915 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 910 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 905 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 855 nm ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 850 nm ± 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0332] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 950 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 945 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 940 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 935 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 930 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 925 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 920 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 915 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 910 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 905 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 855 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of about 850 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0333] In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 950 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 945 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 940 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 935 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 930 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 925 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 920 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, a detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 915 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 910 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 905 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 855 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 850 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a heptamethyn cyanine core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0334] In some embodiments, the detectable portion includes or is derived from a croconate core (i.e., the detectable portion includes a croconate core). A non-limiting example of a detectable portion having a croconate core has formula (VIIA) as described herein.

[0335] In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-withdrawing groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-withdrawing group. In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-withdrawing groups. In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-withdrawing groups.

[0336] In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) one or more electron-donating groups (each electron-withdrawing group may be the same or different). In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) one electron-donating group. In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) two electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) three electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) three different electron-donating groups. In some embodiments, the croconate core contains (or is modified to contain) four electron-donating groups.

[0337] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has wavelengths in the range of about 780 nm to about 900 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has wavelengths in the range of about 800 nm to about 880 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has wavelengths in the range of about 820 nm to about 860 nm.

[0338] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 900 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 800 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 820 nm to about 860 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0339] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 900 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 800 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 820 nm to about 860 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0340] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 900 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 800 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 820 nm to about 860 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0341] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 900 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 800 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 820 nm to about 860 nm and an FWHM of less than 80 nm.

[0342] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 780 nm to about 900 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 800 nm to about 880 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a wavelength in the range of about 820 nm to about 860 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0343] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 855+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 850+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820 ± 10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815 ± 10 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785+ / -10 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having the croconate core has a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780+ / -10 nm.

[0344] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 855 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 850 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 160 nm.

[0345] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 855 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 850 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 130 nm.

[0346] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 855 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 850 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 100 nm.

[0347] In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 900 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 895 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 890 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 885 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 880 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 870 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 865 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 860 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 855 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 850 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 845 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 840 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 835 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 830 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 825 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 820 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 815 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 800 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 795 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 790 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 785 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm. In some embodiments, the detectable portion having a croconate core has a first absorbance peak with a peak absorbance wavelength of approximately 780 nm + / - 10 nm and an FWHM of less than 60 nm.

[0348] Appropriate chemical structure of the detectable portion

[0349] In some embodiments, the “detectable portion” has one of the following formulas: (IIA), (IIB), (IIC), (IIIA), (IIIB), (IVA), (IVB), (IVC), (IVD), (IVE), (IVF), (IVG), (IVH), (VA), (VB), (VI), (VIIA), (VIIB), and (VIIC).

[0350] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (IIA): JPEG0007848186000062.jpg37170

[0351] This is the part having, in the formula, each R e These are independently -OH, -O-alkyl, or -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y is independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, or R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring or heterocycle, which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0352] R g is -H, -CH3, or -CH2-CH3,

[0353] a is an integer between 0 and 4.

[0354] In some embodiments, JPEG0007848186000063.jpg10170 refers to the region where the part containing equation (IIA) is coupled to the base "Q" of equation (I).

[0355] In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y) If R x and R y At least one of them contains a halogen, such as a C1-C4 alkyl group containing a fluorine atom.

[0356] In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y If each of them is -CH2-CH2-, then the compound of formula (IIA) is further a second R that is not H. e (ii) R other than H g It further includes any of the bases.

[0357] In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y If the heterocycle contains nitrogen, the heterocycle may further include substitutions such as halogen substitution. In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y When it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, the compound of formula (IIA) has a second R other than (i)H. e (ii) R other than H g It further includes any of the bases.

[0358] In some embodiments, R g H is H, and a is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, R g H is and a is 0.

[0359] In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Me). In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Et). In some embodiments, R e is -NH2. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)CF3. In some embodiments, Re is -N(H)-CH2-F. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)-CH2-CH2-F. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)-CH(F)(F). In some embodiments, R e is -N(Me)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(Et)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Ipr).

[0360] In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y These together form an unsubstituted four-membered ring. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y These together form an unsubstituted five-membered cyclic ring. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y They come together to form a four-membered cyclic ring substituted with one or more halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y They come together to form a five-membered cyclic ring substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

[0361] In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0362] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (IIB): JPEG0007848186000064.jpg37170

[0363] This is the part having Re is -OH, -O-alkyl, or -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y is independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, or R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0364] R g is -H, -CH3, or -CH2-CH3,

[0365] a is an integer between 0 and 4.

[0366] In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y ) If R x and R y At least one of them contains a C1-C4 alkyl group including a halogen, such as a fluorine atom.

[0367] In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y If each of them is -CH2-CH2-, then R g It is a group other than H.

[0368] In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0369] In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Me). In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Et). In some embodiments, R e is -NH2. In some embodiments, R eis -N(H)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)-CH2-F. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)-CH2-CH2-F. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)-CH(F)(F). In some embodiments, R e is -N(Me)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(Et)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Ipr). In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0370] In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring, which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0371] In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a four-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a five-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0372] In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R xand R y These together form an unsubstituted four-membered ring. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y These together form an unsubstituted five-membered cyclic ring. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y They come together to form a four-membered cyclic ring substituted with one or more halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y They come together to form a five-membered cyclic ring substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

[0373] In some embodiments, a is 0, and R e is -N(H)(Me). In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -N(H)(Et). In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -NH2. In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -N(H)CF3. In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -N(H)-CH2-F. In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -N(H)-CH2-CH2-F. In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -N(H)-CH(F)(F). In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -N(Me)CF3. In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -N(Et)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Ipr).

[0374] In some embodiments, a is 0, and Re is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring, which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0375] In some embodiments, a is 0, and R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a four-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, a is 0, and R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a five-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0376] In some embodiments, a is 0, and R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a non-substituted four-membered ring-like structure. In some embodiments, a is 0, and R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a non-substituted 5-membered ring-like structure. In some embodiments, a is 0, and R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y They come together to form a four-membered cyclic ring substituted with one or more halogen atoms. In some embodiments, a is 0, e is -N(Rx )(R y ) and R x and R y They come together to form a five-membered cyclic ring substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

[0377] In some embodiments, R e is -OH. In some embodiments, R e is -OH, and R g is H. In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -OH, and R g H is H.

[0378] In some embodiments, R e is -O-Me. In some embodiments, R e is -O-Et. In some embodiments, R e is -O-Ipr. In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -O-Me. In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -O-Et. In some embodiments, a is 0 and R e is -O-Ipr.

[0379] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (IIC): JPEG0007848186000065.jpg35170

[0380] This is the part having R e is -OH, -O-alkyl, or -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y is independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, or R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups.

[0381] a is an integer in the range of 0 or 1 to 6.

[0382] In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y ) If R x and R y At least one of them comprises a C1-C4 alkyl group containing at least one substituent. In some embodiments, R e ga-N(R x )(R y ) If R x and R y At least one of them contains a C1-C4 alkyl group including a halogen, such as a fluorine atom.

[0383] In some embodiments, a is 0. In some embodiments, a is 1. In some embodiments, a is 2. In some embodiments, a is 3. In some embodiments, a is 4.

[0384] In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Me). In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Et). In some embodiments, R e is -NH2. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)-CH2-F. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)-CH2-CH2-F. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)-CH(F)(F). In some embodiments, R e is -N(Me)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(Et)CF3. In some embodiments, R e is -N(H)(Ipr). In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0385] In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a 3-membered, 4-membered, or 5-membered cyclic ring, which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0386] In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a four-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a five-membered cyclic ring which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or one or more C1-C2 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0387] In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y These together form an unsubstituted four-membered ring. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y These together form an unsubstituted five-membered cyclic ring. In some embodiments, R e is -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a four-membered cyclic ring substituted with one or more halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R eis -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y Together, they form a five-membered cyclic ring substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

[0388] Specific examples of detectable parts of equations (IIA) to (IIC) are as follows: JPEG0007848186000066.jpg222170JPEG0007848186000067.jpg79170

[0389] These include, JPEG0007848186000068.jpg10170 refers to the region where the part containing equation (IIA) is coupled to the base "Q" of equation (I).

[0390] In some embodiments, W is given by equation (IIIA): JPEG0007848186000069.jpg64170

[0391] Selected from, in the formula, each R f Independently, -N(R x )(R y ) and R x and R y is independently a branched or unbranched C1-C4 alkyl group optionally substituted with H or one or more halogen atoms, or any two R f The groups may come together to form a substituted or unsubstituted saturated or unsaturated ring, which may be optionally substituted by one or more heteroatoms.

[0392] R g is -H, -CH3, or -CH2-CH3,

[0393] U 1 is O, N, or S,

[0394] a is an integer in the range of 0 or 1 to 6.

[0395] In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0396] In some embodiments, R f is -N(H)(Me). In some embodiments, R f is -N(H)(Et). In some embodiments, R f is -NH2. In some embodiments, R f is -N(H)CF3. In some embodiments, R f is -N(H)-CH2-F. In some embodiments, R f is -N(H)-CH2-CH2-F. In some embodiments, R f is -N(H)-CH(F)(F). In some embodiments, R f is -N(Me)CF3. In some embodiments, R f is -N(Et)CF3. In some embodiments, R f is -N(H)(Ipr). In some embodiments, a is 0.

[0397] In some embodiments, a is 0, and R f is -N(H)(Me). In some embodiments, a is 0 and R f is -N(H)(Et). In some em...

Claims

1. Equation (I): [Z]-[Q] ｍ -[W] (I) (In the formula, Z is, Equation (IXA): (In the formula, R1 is selected from the group consisting of phosphates, amides, nitros, ureas, sulfates, methyls, esters, beta-lactams and sugars; R2 is a halide; R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen or aliphatic groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R7 is -(CH2) wNH-, -O(CH2) wNH-, -N(H)C(O)(CH2) wNH-, -C(O)N(H)(CH2) wNH-, -(CH2) wO-, -O(CH2) wO-, -O(CH2CH2O) w-, -N(H)C(O)(CH2) wO-, -C(O)N(H)(CH 2) w O-, -C(o)N(H)(CH 2 CH 2 O) w -, -(CH 2 ) w S-, -O(CH 2 ) w S-, -N(H)C(O)(CH 2 ) w S-, -C(O)N(H) (CH 2 ) w S-, -(CH 2 ) w NH-, -C(O)N(H)(CH 2 CH 2 O) w CH 2 CH 2 NH, -C(O) (CH 2 CH 2 O) w CH 2 CH 2 NH-, -C(O)N(H) (CH 2 )NHC(O)CH(CH 3 )(CH 2 ) w NH-, or -N(H)(CH 2 ) w (NH-, where w is an integer in the range of 1 to 12) Formula (IXE): (In the formula, o is an integer in the range of 1 to 12.) Equation (XA): (wherein each R group is independently selected from hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), or Formula (XB): Having a structure, Q is equation (XIB): It has the structure, where s is 1 or 2, L is O, and R ８ It is a bond, R ９ ha- (CH ２ ) ２ CO is a negative integer, and t is an integer in the range of 1 to 8. m is 0, 1, or 2. W is (Selected from the group consisting of) A compound having the following properties. A compound selected from the group consisting of

2. .

3. A kit comprising any two of the compounds described in claim 1 or 2.

4. A kit comprising any three of the compounds described in claim 1 or 2.

5. A biological sample comprising at least one stained target, wherein the at least one stained target is stained in an immunohistochemical assay utilizing at least one of the compounds described in claim 1 or 2.

6. A biological sample comprising at least two stained targets, wherein the at least two stained targets are stained in an immunohistochemical assay utilizing at least one of the compounds described in claim 1 or 2.

7. Use of any one of the compounds according to claim 1 or 2 for staining one or more targets in a biological sample.

Images