thing

Abstract

To provide an eye-catching article.SOLUTION: An article 1 comprises: a container body 3 having a cylindrical trunk part; a visible light transmissive content 4 stored in the container body 3; and a first pattern 21 and a second pattern 22 arranged on the trunk part with the content 4 interposed therebetween. The first pattern 21 is constituted of a plurality of first pattern elements 210, and the second pattern 22 is constituted of a plurality of second pattern elements 220. When the second pattern 22 is observed via the first pattern 21 and the content 4, overlaying of the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 causes moire.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an article, a container, and a label.

Background Art

[0002] "Moiré" refers to interference fringes that visually occur when multiple periodic patterns or structures are superimposed. Physically speaking, moiré can be said to be the beating phenomenon of two spatial frequencies. Although moiré may be removed as an undesirable thing, it may also be used as a useful thing when the generated moiré is utilized.

[0003] As an example of using moiré as a useful thing, Patent Document 1 describes a pair of sheets for a decorative display body that generates moiré by superimposing a transparent sheet provided with a second pattern on a sheet-like base material provided with a first pattern.

[0004] Also, as another example, Patent Document 2 describes a decorative body including a hidden picture sheet including a hidden picture and a lens sheet including a plurality of lenses.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide an eye-catching article.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, an article is provided comprising a container body having a cylindrical body, a visible light-transmitting contents contained in the container body, and a first pattern and a second pattern arranged on the body with the contents separated, wherein the first pattern consists of a plurality of first pattern elements, and the second pattern consists of a plurality of second pattern elements, and when the second pattern is observed through the first pattern and the contents, the superposition of the first pattern and the second pattern produces a moiré pattern.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present invention, a container for containing a visible light-transmitting contents is provided, comprising a container body having a cylindrical body, and a first pattern and a second pattern arranged on the body with space between them in the depth direction of the container body, wherein the first pattern consists of a plurality of first pattern elements, and the second pattern consists of a plurality of second pattern elements, and when the contents are contained in the container, the superposition of the first pattern and the second pattern produces a moiré pattern when the second pattern is observed through the first pattern and the contents.

[0009] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a label is provided which is supported on a container body having a cylindrical body for containing visible light-transmitting contents, and which includes a first pattern and a second pattern arranged on the body of the container body with space between them in the depth direction when the label is supported on the container body, the first pattern consisting of a plurality of first pattern elements, and the second pattern consisting of a plurality of second pattern elements, and when the label is supported on the container body and the contents are contained in the container body, the superposition of the first pattern and the second pattern produces a moiré pattern when the second pattern is observed through the first pattern and the contents. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the present invention, an eye-catching article is provided. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] A schematic diagram illustrating an article relating to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the labels included in the item. [Figure 3] An enlarged view of the first pattern contained in the label shown in Figure 2. [Figure 4] A schematic cross-sectional view showing the cross-section of a label perpendicular to the height direction of an item. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below are more specific to any of the above embodiments. The embodiments shown below are examples that embody the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and the technical idea of ​​the present invention is not limited to the material, shape, structure, and arrangement of the components described below. Various modifications can be made to the technical idea of ​​the present invention within the technical scope defined by the claims described in the patent claims.

[0013] In the drawings referenced in the following description, components with similar or identical functions are given the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the drawings are schematic, and the relationships between dimensions in the thickness direction and dimensions perpendicular to the thickness direction (i.e., in-plane direction), as well as the relationships between dimensions in the thickness direction of multiple layers, may differ from reality. Therefore, specific dimensions should be determined by referring to the following description. It should also be noted that the dimensional relationships between two or more components may differ across multiple drawings.

[0014] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the phrase "AA on BB" is used independently of the direction of gravity. The state specified by the phrase "AA on BB" includes the state in which AA is in contact with BB. The phrase "AA on BB" does not exclude the presence of one or more other components between AA and BB.

[0015] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an article according to an embodiment of the present invention. The article 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a label 2, a container body 3, a content 4, and a lid 5.

[0016] The container body 3 is a support for supporting the label 2. The container body 3 has a bottomed cylindrical shape. The container body 3 has a circular cross-section perpendicular to its height direction. The container body 3 includes a neck portion, a shoulder portion, a cylindrical body portion, and a bottom portion. A bottom portion is connected to one end of the body portion, and a shoulder portion is connected to the other end of the body portion. The shoulder portion has a reduced diameter from the lower end to the upper end. A neck portion is connected to the upper end of the shoulder portion. The neck portion has a male screw portion on its outer peripheral surface. The diameter D1 of the body portion is preferably in the range of 20 mm to 200 mm, and more preferably in the range of 50 mm to 150 mm. The diameter D1 of the body portion is, for example, the outer diameter of the body portion.

[0017] The container body 3 is made of, for example, plastic or glass. The plastic is preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The container body 3 is, for example, a bottle or a water tank. Preferably, the container body 3 is a plastic bottle for beverages.

[0018] The container body 3 has light transmissivity. Specifically, the container body 3 has visible light transmissivity. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the term "light" shall mean visible light. The container body 3 may be transparent or light-scattering. The container body 3 is preferably transparent.

[0019] Label 2 is supported by the container body 3. Specifically, label 2 is supported by the body part of container body 3. Here, label 2 is wound around the body part of container body 3. Label 2 includes a first pattern and a second pattern that are arranged with the content 4 therebetween when supported by container body 3. Further, when observing the second pattern through the first pattern and the content 4 in the state where label 2 is supported by container body 3, a moiré is generated in the overlap of the first pattern and the second pattern. The first pattern and the second pattern will be described later.

[0020] Content 4 is accommodated in container body 3. Content 4 has visible light transmittance. Also, content 4 is not air. Here, content 4 is a liquid, but is not limited to a liquid and may be a solid or a semi-solid. A semi-solid has physical properties of both a liquid and a solid. A semi-solid is, for example, jelly. A liquid is, for example, a beverage such as water or oil. Also, content 4 may be transparent or light-scattering. Content 4 may be colorless or may be colored. Here, as an example, it is assumed that content 4 is a colorless and transparent liquid.

[0021] The refractive index n2 of content 4 is not 1.0. For example, the refractive index n2 of content 4 is greater than 1.0. The refractive index n2 is, for example, greater than 1.0 and not more than 1.5. For example, the refractive index of water is 1.33 and the refractive index of salad oil is 1.47.

[0022] The refractive index can be measured by the minimum deviation angle method, the critical angle method, the V-block prism method, the immersion method, the simulation method, and other known measurement methods. In terms of having no limitation on the sample form, the critical angle method is more preferable. Also, the refractive index is the refractive index for light having a wavelength of 589.3 nm.

[0023] The lid body 5 has an internal thread portion that engages with an external thread portion provided on the neck portion of container body 3 on its inner peripheral surface. Thereby, lid body 5 is fixed to the neck portion of container body 3.

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic unfolded view of the label 2 contained in the item 1 shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the first pattern 21 contained in the label 2 shown in Figure 2. Direction D shown in Figure 3 is the height direction of the item 1. For example, when the bottom of the container body 3 is placed facing downwards, the height direction of the item 1 is the same direction as the direction of gravity acting on the item 1.

[0025] Label 2 includes a substrate 20 and a printed pattern printed on the substrate 20. Here, the printed patterns are a first pattern 21 and a second pattern 22.

[0026] The substrate 20 may be transparent or semi-transparent. The substrate 20 may be partially opaque as long as the second pattern 22 can be seen through the first pattern 21 and the contents 4.

[0027] The base material 20 is preferably transparent. The base material 20 is, in one example, made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Alternatively, the base material 20 is, in another example, cellophane or tracing paper. The base material 20 is preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The base material 20 may be soft or hard.

[0028] The light transmittance of the substrate 20 is preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 80% or more. Here, light transmittance refers to the ratio of the intensity of transmitted light to the intensity of incident light. Attenuation of incident light may occur due to phenomena such as light diffusion and absorption. Here, the wavelength of light is in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0029] The refractive index of the base material 20 is preferably less than 1.7, and more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 1.65. For example, the refractive index of the base material 20 made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is 1.65.

[0030] The thickness of the base material 20 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.

[0031] The haze of the base material 20 is not particularly limited, but is preferably less than 55, and more preferably less than 35. The haze value is obtained by a method in accordance with JIS K7136:2000.

[0032] The printed pattern may consist of water-based ink or oil-based ink. Alternatively, the printed pattern may consist of thermochromic ink. Using thermochromic ink makes it possible to create moiré patterns at specific temperatures. Alternatively, the printed pattern may consist of resin.

[0033] The light transmittance of the printed pattern is preferably 70% or less, and more preferably 0% to 30%. Furthermore, the thickness of the printed pattern is preferably 0.5 mm or less.

[0034] As shown in Figure 2, label 2 includes a first part A1 containing a first pattern 21, a second part A2 containing a second pattern 22, and an adhesive tab G. The adhesive tab G is located at one end of label 2 and is adjacent to the first part A1 with the second part A2 in between. Adhesive is provided in the adhesive tab G. The adhesive tab G and the end of the first part A1 are bonded together via the adhesive.

[0035] The first pattern 21 consists of a plurality of first pattern elements 210. The plurality of first pattern elements 210 are arranged periodically. Here, each first pattern element 210 has a shape that extends in one direction and is arranged in the width direction. Specifically, the first pattern elements 210 are linear and are arranged at a constant pitch in the width direction. The first pattern elements 210 may also be curved, such as a wave shape. Alternatively, the first pattern elements 210 may be arranged in two intersecting directions. For example, each first pattern element 210 may be dot-shaped and arranged at a constant pitch in two mutually orthogonal directions. In this case, the shape of the first pattern elements 210 may be circular or square. Alternatively, each first pattern element 210 may have a shape that extends in one direction and form a grid-like pattern.

[0036] The second pattern 22 consists of multiple second pattern elements 220. Here, each second pattern element 220 is linear and arranged in the width direction. Each second pattern element 220 may be straight, be bent, or curved. Each second pattern element 220 may be dot-shaped and arranged two-dimensionally. In this case, the shape of the second pattern element 220 may be circular or square.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2, the arrangement of the first pattern elements 210 is inclined with respect to the height of the article 1. Also, as shown in Figure 2, the arrangement of the second pattern elements 220 is inclined with respect to the height of the article 1. These will be explained in more detail later.

[0038] When this item 1 is observed, for example, from a direction perpendicular to its height direction D, such that the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 overlap, the overlap of the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 produces a moiré pattern. Since the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 are spaced apart from each other, for example, when item 1 is rotated around an axis parallel to the height direction D, the moiré pattern moves accordingly.

[0039] Furthermore, in item 1, the arrangement of the first pattern elements 210 or the arrangement of the second pattern elements 220 is inclined with respect to the height direction D. That is, the arrangement of the first pattern elements 210 or the arrangement of the second pattern elements 220 is inclined with respect to an axis of rotation that passes through the center of the container body 3 and is parallel to its height direction. When this arrangement is inclined with respect to the axis of rotation, the apparent pitch of the first pattern elements 210 or the second pattern elements 220 becomes larger than the actual pitch. Therefore, the moiré pattern displayed by item 1 does not move significantly with a very small rotation angle. Consequently, it is easy to observe the movement of the moiré pattern in item 1.

[0040] P1 shown in Figure 3 is the actual pitch of the first pattern element 210. P1' shown in Figure 3 is the apparent pitch of the first pattern element 210 in the direction perpendicular to the height direction D of the article 1. α1 shown in Figure 3 is the inclination angle of the arrangement of the first pattern element 210 with respect to the height direction D of the article 1. Hereafter, the actual pitch of the second pattern element 220 will be referred to as P2, and the apparent pitch of the second pattern element 220 will be referred to as P2'.

[0041] It is preferable that the apparent pitch P1' of the first pattern element 210 and the apparent pitch P2' of the second pattern element 220 satisfy the relationship shown in the following inequality (1).

[0042]

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[0043]

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[0044]

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[0045] When contents 4 exist between the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22, problems may arise such as no moiré pattern occurring, the moiré pattern becoming unclear, or the actually perceived moiré pattern being worse than the designed moiré pattern, due to the refractive index n2 of contents 4. This problem can be resolved by ensuring that the apparent pitches P1' and P2' satisfy the relationship shown in inequality (1) above. Therefore, when the apparent pitches P1' and P2' satisfy the relationship shown in inequality (1) above, a high eye-catching effect can be achieved.

[0046] In Figure 2, the multiple second pattern elements 220 are not arranged at a constant pitch, and the actual pitch P2 of the second pattern elements 220 differs between certain positions on the second pattern 22 and other positions. That is, the apparent pitch P2' differs between certain positions on the second pattern 22 and other positions. In this case, it is preferable that the apparent pitch P1' and the apparent pitch P2' satisfy the relationship shown in inequality (1) above.

[0047] The reasons why it is preferable for the apparent pitches P1' and P2' to satisfy the relationship shown in inequality (1) or (2) or equality (3) will be explained in more detail below.

[0048] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross-section of the label 2 perpendicular to the height direction of the item 1. The container body 3 and contents 4 are not shown in Figure 4. Also, in Figure 4, D1 is the diameter of the body and D2 is the distance between the container body 3 and the observer 6.

[0049] In Figure 4, the center of the second pattern 22 lies on a straight line passing through the center of the first pattern 21 and the center O of the container body 3. The observer's eye 6 is positioned on this straight line, observing the second pattern 22 through the first pattern 21. In Figure 4, the dashed line segment L1 is part of the aforementioned straight line.

[0050] Since the body of the container 3 is cylindrical, the light from the second pattern 22 is refracted by the cylindrical interface before reaching the observer's eye 6. Therefore, the second pattern 22 appears larger than its actual dimensions. Consequently, when determining the optimal relationship between the apparent pitches P1' and P2', it is necessary to consider the refraction due to the cylindrical interface.

[0051] Under the observation conditions shown in Figure 4, the optical path of the light emitted from the end of the second pattern 22 and reaching the observer's eye 6 is shown by a dashed line. This light is incident on the wall of the container body 3 at an incident angle β and is emitted from the wall of the container body 3 towards the observer's eye 6 at a refraction angle α.

[0052] As is clear from Figure 4, the image displayed by the second pattern 22 appears to be enlarged at the position of the first pattern 21 and overlap with the image of the first pattern 21. Therefore, this magnification factor must be considered when determining the optimal relationship between the apparent pitches P1' and P2'. Hereafter, the enlarged image of the second pattern 22 at the position of the first pattern 21 will be referred to as the "projected image". It is assumed that the dimensions of the first pattern 21 in the circumferential direction are equal to or larger than those of the projected image.

[0053] In Figure 4, line segment L2 connects the center O of the container body 3 to the end of the second pattern 22. Angle β' is the angle that line segment L2 makes with respect to line segment L1. Line segment L3 connects the center O of the container body 3 to the point where light emitted from the end of the second pattern 22 and reaching the observer's eye 6 enters the wall of the container body 3. Angle α' is the angle that line segment L3 makes with respect to line segment L1.

[0054] If the number of first pattern elements 210 arranged within the angular range of angle α' is N1 / 2, then the circumferential dimension of the projected image is the product P1' × N1. This dimension can also be obtained by multiplying the circumference of the torso by the ratio α' / 180°, which is the ratio of angle α' to 180°. Since the circumference of the torso is the product D1 × π of the radius D1 / 2 and 2π, the relationship shown in equation (4) below can be derived.

[0055]

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[0056]

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[0057]

number

[0058] Incidentally, if the moiré pattern displayed by object 1 shifts significantly by a slight change in the observation direction, the movement of the moiré may be perceived as flickering of the image. On the other hand, if the movement of the moiré pattern displayed by object 1 is slight even when the observation direction is changed significantly, the movement of the moiré itself is difficult to perceive. Furthermore, the magnitude of the change in observation direction differs depending on the distance between the observer and object 1. That is, when the distance between the observer and object 1 is long, the observation direction does not change significantly. In contrast, when the distance between the observer and object 1 is short, the observation direction can change significantly.

[0059] For example, if it is assumed that the moiré pattern will be observed while holding item 1 in one's hand, the apparent pitch P1' of the first pattern element 210 is preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 10 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 mm. In this case, the apparent pitch P2' of the second pattern element 220 is preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 10 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 mm.

[0060] When it is anticipated that the moiré pattern displayed by an item 1 placed on a shelf or the like will be observed from a certain distance, the apparent pitch P1' of the first pattern element 210 is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 30 mm, and more preferably in the range of 1 mm to 10 mm. In this case, the apparent pitch P2' of the second pattern element 220 is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 30 mm, and more preferably in the range of 1 mm to 10 mm.

[0061] The actual pitch P1 of the first pattern element 210 is preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 30 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 mm.

[0062] The width or diameter of each of the first pattern elements 210 is preferably within the range of 20% to 80% of the actual pitch P1.

[0063] The actual pitch P2 of the second pattern element 220 is preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 30 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 mm.

[0064] The width or diameter of each of the second pattern elements 220 is preferably within the range of 20% to 80% of the actual pitch P2. This width or diameter may be constant or vary in the direction of arrangement of the second pattern elements 220.

[0065] The inclination angle α1 is preferably in the range of 5° to 85°, and more preferably in the range of 40° to 70°.

[0066] Furthermore, the inclination angle α2 of the arrangement of the second pattern elements 220 with respect to the height direction D is preferably within the range of 5° to 85°, and more preferably within the range of 40° to 70°. As described above, the second pattern elements 220 may be straight, bent, or curved. In the latter case, the arrangement direction of the second pattern elements 220 may differ between a part of the second pattern 22 and other parts. In this case, it is preferable that the inclination angle α2 is within the above range in at least a part of the second pattern 22.

[0067] The ratio of the apparent pitch P1' to the diameter D1 of the body, P1' / D1, is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.5, and more preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.25. When the ratio P1' / D1 is within the above range, the movement of moiré patterns is particularly easy to observe.

[0068] Furthermore, the ratio of the apparent pitch P2' to the diameter D1 of the body, P2' / D1, is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.5, and more preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.25. When the ratio P2' / D1 is within the above range, the movement of moiré patterns is particularly easy to observe.

[0069] Depending on the observation direction described above, the observer can observe continuous or discrete changes in the color, pattern, or intensity of the moiré pattern.

[0070] Incidentally, there is an article comprising a film, a first pattern provided on one main surface of the film, and a second pattern provided on the other main surface of the film, wherein a moiré pattern is generated by the superposition of the first and second patterns.

[0071] With such objects, the distance between the first and second patterns is small, making it difficult to perceive the moiré pattern unless the observation direction is significantly changed. For this reason, such objects tend not to attract the observer's attention.

[0072] On the other hand, the aforementioned item 1 has a first pattern 21 and a second pattern 22 on the cylindrical body of the container 3. In such an item 1, the distance between the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 is large, making it easy to perceive the movement of the moiré pattern in response to changes in the observation direction. For this reason, the aforementioned item 1 easily attracts the observer's attention. In other words, the aforementioned item 1 has a high eye-catching effect.

[0073] Furthermore, in the aforementioned item 1, at least one of the arrangements of the first pattern element 210 and the second pattern element 220 is tilted with respect to the height direction of item 1. Therefore, the movement of the moiré pattern can be perceived without excessively changing the observation direction, and even a slight change in the observation direction does not cause flickering due to large changes in the moiré pattern. For this reason, the movement of the moiré pattern is easy to observe.

[0074] In the article 1 described above, the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 were provided on a single label, but the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 may each be provided on separate labels. Alternatively, at least one of the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 may be provided on the container body 3. For example, at least one of the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 can be provided on the container body 3 by drawing or printing. If both the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 are provided on the container body 3, label 2 may be omitted.

[0075] Furthermore, in the article 1 described above, the arrangement of the first pattern elements 210 and the arrangement of the second pattern elements 220 were each inclined with respect to the height direction D, but only one of these arrangements may be inclined with respect to the height direction D, or neither may be inclined. Preferably, the arrangement of the first pattern elements 210 is inclined with respect to the height direction D.

[0076] Furthermore, in the article 1 described above, both the first pattern 21 and the second pattern 22 were printed patterns, but these patterns may be formed by methods other than printing. The invention described in the original claims is listed below. [1] The container comprises a cylindrical body, a visible light-transmitting contents contained within the container body, and a first pattern and a second pattern arranged on the body, separated from the contents, wherein the first pattern consists of a plurality of first pattern elements. The aforementioned second pattern consists of multiple second pattern elements, An article in which, when the second pattern is observed through the first pattern and the contents, the superposition of the first pattern and the second pattern produces a moiré pattern. [2] The article according to item 1, wherein the arrangement of the plurality of first pattern elements or the arrangement of the plurality of second pattern elements is inclined with respect to the height direction of the article. [3] The apparent pitch P1' of the plurality of first pattern elements in the direction perpendicular to the height direction of the article and the apparent pitch P2' of the plurality of second pattern elements in the direction perpendicular to the height direction of the article are given by the following inequality (1):

number

[0077] 1...Article, 2...Label, 3...Container body, 4...Contents, 5...Lid, 6...Observer, 20...Base material, 21...First pattern, 22...Second pattern, 210...First pattern element, 220...Second pattern element, A1...First part, A2...Second part, D...Height direction, D1...Diameter, G...Adhesive tab, P1'...Apparent pitch, P1...Actual pitch, α1...Incline angle.

Claims

1. The container comprises a cylindrical body, a visible light-transmitting contents contained within the container body, and a first pattern and a second pattern arranged in the body, separated from the contents. The diameter D1 of the body is within the range of 20 mm to 200 mm. The refractive index of the contents at a wavelength of 589.3 nm is in the range of 1.33 to 1.

5. The aforementioned first pattern consists of multiple first pattern elements, The aforementioned second pattern consists of multiple second pattern elements, When the second pattern is observed through the first pattern and the contents, the superposition of the first pattern and the second pattern produces a moiré pattern in the article. The arrangement of the plurality of first pattern elements or the arrangement of the plurality of second pattern elements is inclined with respect to the height direction of the article. The apparent pitch P1' of the plurality of first pattern elements in the direction perpendicular to the height direction of the article and the apparent pitch P2' of the plurality of second pattern elements in the direction perpendicular to the height direction of the article are given by the following inequality (1): [Math 1] (In inequality (1), n2 is the refractive index of the contents.) Articles that satisfy the relationship shown.

2. The article according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement of the plurality of first pattern elements or the arrangement of the plurality of second pattern elements is inclined within a range of 5° to 85° with respect to the height direction.

3. The article according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio P1' / D1 of the apparent pitches P1' of the plurality of first pattern elements in a direction perpendicular to the height direction with respect to the diameter D1 is in the range of 0.001 to 0.5, or the ratio P2' / D1 of the apparent pitches P2' of the plurality of second pattern elements in a direction perpendicular to the height direction with respect to the diameter D1 is in the range of 0.001 to 0.5.

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