Laying materials

Abstract

To enhance anti-slip properties in a laying material used for a road surface and a floor surface.SOLUTION: A laying material is provided with a coating layer 3 composed of a polymer compound on a surface of a substrate layer 2, and is constituted by forming openings 5 opened on a layer surface and three-dimensional mesh-like micropore 4 for communicating the openings 5 inside the layer on the coating layer 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a paving material used for road surfaces and floor surfaces.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, on the surface of paving materials used for road surfaces and floor surfaces, a coating layer made of a coating material composed of a polymer compound has been laminated for the purpose of waterproofing or antifouling measures and gloss effects. Such a paving material with a laminated coating layer is inexpensive and easy compared to a polished paving material, and thus is mainly used (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). In addition, a resin wax applied to the surface of a paving material to restore the gloss effect of the paving material against the deterioration of the gloss effect on the surface of the paving material has also been disclosed (see Patent Document 2).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, paving materials with a layered coating made of polymer compounds lose their water absorption or permeability, resulting in water accumulating on the surface of the paving material (poor drainage), which poses a risk of slipping and falling for pedestrians. Therefore, conventionally, when applying anti-slip treatment, it was necessary to remove the layered coating material from the surface of paving materials with a coating made of polymer compounds. As a result, conventional anti-slip treatments have the problem of altering the color and gloss of the paving material after treatment, changing its appearance and landscape. Furthermore, even when resin wax is applied to restore the gloss effect, the structure becomes one in which another coating layer is laminated on the surface of the paving material, causing it to lose its water absorption or permeability, and restoring the slippery condition for pedestrians. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The technical objective of this invention is to provide a laying material that addresses the current situation described above and incorporates improvements.

[0006] The laying material according to the present invention is a laying material having a coating layer made of a polymer compound on the surface of a substrate layer, wherein the coating layer has a plurality of openings on its surface and multiple opening department It has at least three-dimensional network-like micropores that communicate within the coating layer, multiple opening Department reference The micropores are formed by chemical or physical means, and each opening allows liquid to enter and exit through the micropores.

[0007] The laying material of the present invention may be formed by expanding the grain boundaries of the coating layer.

[0008] Furthermore, a void may be formed on the surface where the substrate layer and the coating layer are in contact. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, even paving materials with laminated coatings made of polymer compounds are less slippery, preventing the risk of pedestrians falling. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] This figure shows the laying material of the present invention, where (A) is an overall perspective view and (B) is a side view. [Figure 2] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the laying material showing the micropores of the first embodiment. [Figure 3] This is an explanatory diagram of the micropore formation region of the first embodiment, where (A) is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view in which micropores are formed only in the coating layer, and (B) is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view in which micropores are formed in both the substrate layer and the coating layer. [Figure 4] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the laying material showing the micropores of the second embodiment. [Figure 5] Figure 1 shows cross-sectional views of the paving material, where (A) to (C) are cross-sectional views of the paving material with different combinations of XX cross-sectional structure and YY cross-sectional structure. [Figure 6] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating the manufacturing method of the laying material according to the second embodiment, where (A) is a diagram of the molding die, (B) is a diagram after the coating material has been poured into the molding die, and (C) is a completed diagram. [Figure 7] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the laying material showing the micropores of the third embodiment. [Figure 8] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the laying material showing micropores of the fourth embodiment. [Figure 9] This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the void portion of the fourth embodiment.

[0011] The following describes embodiments of the present invention based on the drawings. <Basic configuration> The basic structure of the present invention will now be described. As shown in Figure 1, the laying material 1 of the present invention has a coating layer 3 made of a polymer compound on the surface (upper surface) of the substrate layer 2. In other words, the laying material 1 is a multilayer structure in which a coating layer 3 (second layer) is laminated by applying or molding a coating material made of a polymer compound to the surface of the substrate layer 2 (first layer) of the laying material 1. In this specification, the lamination direction of the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3 is defined as the vertical direction, with one direction on the plane perpendicular to the upper limit direction being defined as the vertical direction, and the directions perpendicular to both this vertical direction and the upper limit direction being defined as the horizontal direction.

[0012] The substrate layer 2 is the base layer of the laying material 1. For example, it is made of natural marble, artificial marble, granite, tile, ceramic tile, enamel, metal, wood, etc. The coating layer 3 is formed by laminating a coating material made of polymer compounds onto the surface of the substrate layer 2. The coating material is made of polymer compounds and is, for example, a coating material for road or floor surfaces intended for waterproofing, stain resistance, or gloss effect.

[0013] The laying material 1 has a continuous, three-dimensional network of micropores 4 formed into it. In addition, multiple openings 5, which serve as entry and exit points for the micropores 4, are formed on the surface of the laying material 1 (coating layer 3). The micropores 4 are spread in all directions within the laying material 1 so as to connect the openings 5 ​​on the surface of the coating layer 3 within the coating layer 3 and the substrate layer 2, and the structure allows liquids such as water to enter and exit through each of the connected openings 5.

[0014] By providing the micropores 4 through which a liquid such as water passes in the laying material 1, the liquid on the surface of the laying material 1 penetrates into the interior of the laying material 1 through the micropores 4 in the laying material 1 from the openings 5 on the surface of the laying material 1. As a result, when a pedestrian walks when the surface of the laying material 1 is wet with the liquid, an external force (pressure) exerted by the pedestrian's walking on the liquid penetrating into the laying material 1 through the micropores 4 and the suction effect due to the surface tension of the liquid occur, increasing the frictional force between the sole of the pedestrian's foot and the surface of the laying material 1 and suppressing slipping. Thereby, even in the case of a laying material laminated with a coating material made of a polymer compound, it is difficult to slip, and the risk of a pedestrian falling can be prevented.

[0015] [First Embodiment] First, a first embodiment of the laying material 1 of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the laying material 1 of the present embodiment has lattice-shaped micropores 4 formed in the depth direction (the thickness direction of the laying material 1) in the laying material 1. That is, continuous three-dimensional network-shaped (lattice-shaped) micropores 4 are formed so as to spread in all directions in the laying material 1. In other words, the micropores 4 spread in the vertical and horizontal directions in the laying material 1, and the lattice-shaped micropores 4 are three-dimensionally developed in the laying material 1. In the present embodiment, each of the X-X cross section (vertical cross section) and the Y-Y cross section (horizontal cross section) in FIG. 1 is configured in the same or similar lattice shape.

[0016] As shown in FIG. 2, the micropores 4 formed in the laying material 1 serve as passages (pore passages) for a liquid such as water, and the liquid enters from each opening 5 formed on the surface of the laying material 1 (coating layer 3) and penetrates into the micropores 4. The liquid penetrating from each opening 5 stays in the micropores 4, and due to the pressure (bottom bending force: the force of stepping on the laying material 1 due to walking or the like) from the sole of the pedestrian's shoe applied to the laying material 1 (coating layer 3), the liquid tries to move in the micropores 4. At this time, although the liquid in the micropores 4 tries to be discharged from the communicating openings 5 through the continuous three-dimensional network-shaped (lattice-shaped) micropores 4, since an external pressure by the sole of the shoe is applied to each of the adjacent openings 5, the micropores 4 closed by the sole of the shoe at the openings 5 are filled with the liquid.

[0017] In other words, the surface tension of the liquid generated at the opening 5 stepped on by the sole of the shoe creates a vacuum between the sole of the shoe and the surface of the flooring material 1 (coating layer 3), generating a suction effect and causing the sole of the shoe to adhere to the flooring material 1. Furthermore, because the gaps between the micropores 4 formed in the coating layer 3 are very narrow, capillary action is at work, drawing the liquid in the micropores 4 into the coating layer 3, thereby enhancing the suction effect between the sole of the shoe and the surface of the flooring material 1.

[0018] Furthermore, the micropores 4 form a continuous three-dimensional network (lattice) structure, extending not only in the depth direction (thickness direction) of the coating layer 3 but also in the longitudinal and transverse directions (surface directions perpendicular to the thickness direction). As a result, the adsorption force based on capillary action by the micropores 4 spread throughout the coating layer 3 acts strongly, generating friction between the sole of the shoe and the surface of the underlayment 1 (coating layer 3). In this way, the numerous openings 5 ​​formed on the surface of the underlayment 1 are blocked by the sole of the pedestrian's shoe, sealing the micropores 4 filled with liquid. This creates a suction cup effect between the sole of the shoe and the underlayment 1, generating friction between the sole of the shoe and the surface of the underlayment 1, thus achieving slip resistance.

[0019] According to this embodiment, by providing continuous three-dimensional mesh-like (lattice-like) micropores 4, friction is generated by a suction cup effect between the water film on the surface of the paving material 1 and the external pressure from the pedestrian's legs (sole), resulting in excellent slip resistance. As a result, even if the surface of the coating layer 3 (paving material 1) made of a polymer compound gets wet with water or other liquids, it will not be slippery, and the risk of pedestrians falling can be prevented.

[0020] According to this embodiment, the coating layer 3 (laying material 1) is provided with a plurality of openings 5 ​​and micropores 4 that connect these openings 5, allowing liquid accumulated on the surface of the coating layer 3 to penetrate into the coating layer 3. As a result, there is no need to peel off the coating layer 3 to obtain anti-slip performance as in the conventional method, and the work efficiency in floor surface installation work with anti-slip properties is greatly improved. Furthermore, since there is no need to peel off the coating layer 3 from the laying material 1 to impart anti-slip properties to the floor surface, the color and gloss of the laying material 1 do not change, and the anti-slip effect can be obtained while maintaining the aesthetic appearance.

[0021] Thus, the paving material 1 of this embodiment can maintain the properties of the coating layer 3, which is made of a polymer compound laminated on the surface of the substrate layer 2 for purposes such as waterproofing, stain resistance, and gloss effect, which have become mainstream in recent years, while also adding an anti-slip effect. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the micropores 4 are molded to reach the surface of the substrate layer 2, when a pedestrian walks on the surface of the paving material 1 (the surface of the coating layer 3), the substrate layer 2 and the sole of the pedestrian's shoe are electrically connected through the inner wall surface of the micropores 4 and become at the same potential, thereby preventing static electricity from accumulating on the pedestrian.

[0022] The molding region (range) of the micropores 4 in this embodiment will now be described. In the configuration shown in Figure 2, the micropores 4 of the laying material 1 are formed within the coating layer 3 until they reach the boundary between the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3. However, as shown in Figure 3, the micropores 4 of the laying material 1 may be formed only within the coating layer 3, or they may be formed within both the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3.

[0023] As shown in Figure 3(A), when micropores 4 are formed only within the coating layer 3, the laying material 1 can be manufactured regardless of the material of the substrate layer 2. In other words, since it is possible to manufacture a laying material 1 with micropores 4 without being affected by the material of the substrate layer 2, it is highly versatile and easy to manufacture and install. Furthermore, in a laying material 1 in which micropores 4 are formed only within the coating layer 3, even if the micropores 4 are formed throughout the entire depth direction (thickness direction) of the coating layer 3, as shown in the configuration of Figure 2, it is possible to manufacture a laying material 1 with micropores 4 without being affected by the material of the substrate layer 2.

[0024] As shown in Figure 3(B), when micropores 4 are formed in both the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3, the micropores 4 are formed in the range from the coating layer 3 (upper layer) to the substrate layer 2 (lower layer). This increases the total area of ​​the micropores 4 (total distance of the pores), making it possible to penetrate or retain more liquid within the paving material 1 (micropores 4). In this way, the capacity to hold liquids such as water increases, resulting in an excellent anti-slip effect. Furthermore, because the micropores 4 are formed to reach the interior of the substrate layer 2, when a pedestrian walks on the surface of the paving material 1 (surface of the coating layer 3), the substrate layer 2 and the sole of the pedestrian's shoe are electrically connected through the inner wall surface of the micropores 4, resulting in the same potential. This prevents static electricity from accumulating on the pedestrian.

[0025] [Second Embodiment] A second embodiment of the laying material of the present invention will now be described. As shown in Figure 4, the laying material 1 of this embodiment is formed with a ladder-shaped arrangement of micro-pores 4. That is, the continuous three-dimensional mesh-like (ladder-shaped) micro-pores 4 form the floor of the first embodiment, and are formed in the depth direction, and the micro-pores 4 formed in the vertical and horizontal directions do not connect adjacent micro-pores 4 in the vertical and horizontal directions at the same height, but rather are formed to spread out in all directions within the laying material 1 at different heights.

[0026] Similar to the first embodiment, the micropores 4 formed in the coating layer 3 within the laying material 1 become permeable channels for liquid. That is, liquid enters through the multiple openings 5 ​​formed on the surface of the coating layer 3 and penetrates into the laying material 1 through the micropores 4. Since the multiple openings 5 ​​form a continuous three-dimensional network (ladder-like) structure of micropores 4, liquid can enter and exit or move through the channels of the micropores 4 from each of the interconnected openings 5.

[0027] In other words, liquid enters through each opening 5 on the surface of the laying material 1 (coating layer 3) and permeates into the micropores 4. The liquid that has permeated through each opening 5 may remain in the micropores 4, or it may pass through the continuous three-dimensional network (ladder-like) structure of micropores 4 and be discharged from the connected openings 5. For example, liquid that enters through one opening 5a permeates into the laying material 1 through the continuous three-dimensional network (ladder-like) structure of micropores 4 and is discharged from the other connected opening 5b. That is, liquid can enter and exit or move freely within the pore pathways of the micropores 4 from the connected openings 5.

[0028] Unlike the first embodiment, the paving material 1 of this embodiment has a complex shape in which the micropores 4 are arranged in a mesh pattern. This creates resistance to the liquid flowing through the micropores 4, making it easier for the liquid that has penetrated into the micropores 4 to remain within them. As a result, when a pedestrian walks on the paving material 1, the suction effect caused by the liquid in the micropores 4 is greatly enhanced, resulting in a superior anti-slip effect.

[0029] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, the micropores 4 of the laying material 1 are formed within the coating layer 3 until they reach the boundary between the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3. However, as in the first embodiment, the micropores 4 of the laying material 1 may be formed only within the coating layer 3, or they may be formed within both the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3. Furthermore, in the first and second embodiments, the micropores 4 formed in the depth direction may have variations in their length in the depth direction, as long as they communicate with the opening 5. That is, a configuration in which a part of the micropores 4 in the depth direction reaches the upper surface of the substrate layer 2 while another part does not reach the substrate layer 2 may be used, and furthermore, some may be formed inside the substrate layer 2.

[0030] Furthermore, in the first and second embodiments, the laying material 1 in which the micropores 4 are formed has the same or similar shape in its XX cross-section (longitudinal cross-section) and YY cross-section (transverse cross-section), as shown in Figures 5(A) and 5(B). However, as shown in Figure 5(C), the shapes of the two cross-sections may be different. That is, as shown in Figure 5(C), the micropores 4 in the XX cross-section of the laying material 1 may be lattice-shaped, while the micropores 4 in the YY cross-section of the laying material 1 may be in a ladder-like shape.

[0031] Furthermore, the structure of the micropores 4 in the XX and YY cross-sections of the laying material 1 is not limited to the above-described grid and ladder shapes, but may also be, for example, a honeycomb structure or a shape that spreads out like an ant's nest or plant roots. In this case, the structure of the micropores 4 in the XX and YY cross-sections of the laying material 1 may be similar or equivalent in shape, as shown in Figures 5(A) and 5(B), or they may be a combination of different shapes, as shown in Figure 5(C).

[0032] The manufacturing methods for the laying material 1 (micropores 4) of the first and second embodiments will now be described. The laying material 1 (micropores 4) of each embodiment can be manufactured by various methods. For example, when forming a grid-like micropores 4 as in the laying material 1 of the first embodiment, it may be done by micro-deep hole processing using a rotary tool such as a drill, or by laser processing which involves irradiating holes with a laser beam. Alternatively, a coating layer 3 having micropores 4 and openings 5 ​​may be formed by laminating a coating material onto the surface of the substrate layer 2 using a 3D printer using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method or the stereolithography method. This 3D printing method is effective when the micropores 4 have a complex, ladder-like shape, as in the laying material 1 of the second embodiment.

[0033] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 6, a core 6 identical in shape to the cavity portion of the micropores 4 may be formed on the surface of the substrate layer 2 using a loss material. After forming a coating layer 3 by laminating a polymer material coating material onto the substrate layer 2 surface on which the cores are laminated, the loss material of the core 6 may be volatilized or dissolved to form a coating layer 3 with micropores 4 and openings 5 ​​on the surface of the substrate layer 2. In this case, the loss material constituting the core 6 may be made of, for example, a water-soluble resin material, so that after laminating the coating material onto the surface of the substrate layer 2, the loss material of the core 6 is dissolved in water to form micropores 4 and openings 5 ​​in the coating layer 3.

[0034] The molding method for the coating layer 3 using the core 6 is described below. As shown in Figure 6(A), a continuous three-dimensional network core 6 (mold to be placed inside) is formed on the surface of the substrate layer 2 using a loss material such as water-soluble plastic. Then, as shown in Figure 6(B), the coating layer 3 is formed by overmolding a coating material made of a polymer compound around the core 6 on the surface of the substrate layer 2 in which the core 6 was formed. Subsequently, by removing the loss material constituting the core 6 by dissolving it in hot water, as shown in Figure 6(C), cavities similar in shape to the dissolved core 6 are formed within the coating layer 3, creating micropores 4 and openings 5, and a laying material 1 with a continuous three-dimensional network (ladder-shaped) network of micropores 4 can be manufactured.

[0035] [Third Embodiment] A third embodiment will now be described. As shown in Figure 7, the paving material 1 of this embodiment has micropores 4 formed in the shape of an ant's nest or plant roots. That is, a continuous three-dimensional network of micropores 4 (ant's nest or plant root shape) is formed and spreads in all directions within the paving material 1. In other words, in the paving material 1 of this embodiment, multiple openings 5 ​​are formed on its surface, and fine holes or pores (micropores 4) communicating with each opening 5 are irregularly formed inside the paving material 1, spreading out like an ant's nest or plant roots.

[0036] Similar to the embodiments described above, the micropores 4 formed within the coating layer 3 of the laying material 1 become permeable channels for liquid. That is, liquid from the surface of the laying material 1 (coating layer 3) permeates through the openings 5 ​​of the micropores 4, which serve as entry and exit points for the liquid, and is drawn into the laying material 1 (micropores 4). The liquid that has permeated the laying material 1 can pass through the channels of the micropores 4 and remain within the micropores 4. In this embodiment, the micropores 4 are formed only within the coating layer 3, but as in the first and second embodiments, they may extend to the boundary between the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3, or they may also be formed inside the substrate layer 2.

[0037] The manufacturing method for the paving material 1 of this embodiment can be carried out by various methods, similar to the first and second embodiments. Since the shape of the micropores 4 of the paving material 1 of this embodiment is complex, similar to that of the second embodiment, it may be manufactured, for example, by a 3D printer. Alternatively, the paving material 1 may be manufactured using a manufacturing method that utilizes a core 6 made of lost material, as shown in Figure 6. By using such methods, the paving material 1 with a continuous three-dimensional network (ant nest-like or plant root-like) network of micropores 4 according to this embodiment can be manufactured.

[0038] [Fourth Embodiment] A fourth embodiment will now be described. As shown in Figure 8, the laying material 1 of this embodiment is formed by expanding the boundaries (grain boundaries g2) between crystal grains g1, g1 of the coating layer 3 made of a polymer compound to form micropores 4. That is, since the continuous three-dimensional network of micropores 4 is formed by expanding the grain boundaries g2, they are formed spreading in all directions within the laying material 1 along the outer surface of the crystal grains g1.

[0039] Similar to the embodiments described above, the micropores 4 formed within the laying material 1 (coating layer 3) become permeable channels for liquid. That is, liquid can permeate through the openings 5 ​​formed on the surface of the laying material 1 (coating layer 3) and travel through the micropores 4. The openings 5 ​​are ring-shaped, following the outer circumference of the crystal grains g1 on the surface of the coating layer 3 of the laying material 1. In this case, the width of the gaps in the openings 5 ​​may be approximately constant along the outer circumference of the crystal grains g1, or it may vary depending on the position on the outer circumference of the crystal grains g1. Similarly, for the continuous three-dimensional network of micropores 4, the width of the gaps may be approximately constant along the outer surface of the crystal grains g1, or it may vary depending on the position on the outer surface of the crystal grains g1, similar to the openings 5.

[0040] The manufacturing method for the laying material 1 (micropores 4) of this embodiment will now be described. This embodiment (micropores 4) can be manufactured by various methods. For example, by impregnating a solvent, which is a mixture of a spreading agent that expands the gaps g2 at the boundaries (grain boundaries) between closely adhering crystal grains g1, g1 of the coating layer 3 made of a polymer compound of the laying material 1, and a penetration accelerator that has high affinity with the polymer compound that forms the coating layer 3, into the surface of the coating layer 3, the gaps g2 at the grain boundaries are expanded, thereby forming micropores 4 and openings 5.

[0041] Furthermore, by infusing a solvent, which is a mixture of a solvent that dissolves the surface of the crystal grains g1 of the coating layer 3 made of a polymer compound of the laying material 1 and a penetration accelerator that has a high affinity for the polymer compound that forms the coating layer 3, into the surface of the coating layer 3, the size of the crystal grains g1 (crystal grain size) is reduced, and the gaps g2 between the crystal grain boundaries (the boundary between crystal grains g1, g1) are substantially expanded, thereby forming micropores 4 and openings 5.

[0042] Furthermore, it is also acceptable to penetrate the substrate layer 2 beneath the coating layer 3 with a solvent containing at least a spreading agent, thereby forming micropores 4 from the top surface of the coating layer 3 to the bottom surface of the substrate layer 2. Even in the case of a laying material 1 consisting only of a substrate layer 2 without a coating layer 3, similar to this embodiment, the gaps between the grain boundaries in the substrate layer 2 can be expanded by using a solvent containing only a spreading agent or a solvent mixed with a spreading agent and a penetration accelerator, thereby forming micropores 4 and openings 5 ​​in the substrate layer 2.

[0043] By using a penetration enhancer with high affinity for the polymer compound constituting the coating layer 3, it becomes possible to penetrate the solvent into the gaps g2 between the grain boundaries of the coating layer 3, which are difficult to penetrate with solvents such as expansion agents alone. As a result, even a laying material 1 equipped with a coating layer 3 made of polymer compounds can form micropores 4.

[0044] When a flooring material 1, which has a laminated coating layer 3 made of a polymer compound, is laid as flooring material, micropores 4 and openings 5 ​​may be formed in the flooring material 1 by applying an appropriate amount of solvent containing at least a spreading agent to the surface of the already laid flooring material 1. This allows the solvent containing the spreading agent to penetrate at least the coating layer 3, thereby expanding the gaps g2 between the grain boundaries of the coating layer 3 and forming micropores 4 and openings 5, even if the coating layer 3 has been laminated to the surface of the existing flooring material 1.

[0045] Furthermore, in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 9, the void portion 7 communicating with the micropores 4 may be formed at the boundary between the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3. In this case, for example, by forming the micropores 4 using a solvent containing a spreading agent that acts only on the coating layer 3 made of a polymer compound and not on the substrate layer 2, the solvent that penetrates into the coating layer 3 does not penetrate into the substrate layer 2 but remains at the bottom of the coating layer 3 (the interface surface B between the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3, which is the upper surface of the substrate layer 2).

[0046] As a result, the solvent accumulates on the coating layer 3 side of interface B, and a space is formed on interface B as a void 7. That is, the formation of a void 7 that communicates with the micropores 4 increases the space within the coating layer 3 for liquids such as water that penetrate from the opening 5 to accumulate or move around. This increases the amount of liquid that can be incorporated into the laying material 1, making it easier to obtain a suction effect based on the amount of liquid moving within the coating layer 3, and thus providing an excellent anti-slip effect.

[0047] In each of the above embodiments, the size (inner diameter) of the micropores 4 formed within the coating layer 3 is preferably 0.1 to 10 μm or less. If the inner diameter of the micropores 4 is too large, the surface of the laying material 1 will become uneven, reducing the waterproofing or anti-fouling effect and aesthetic appearance (gloss effect) unique to the coating layer 3. Conversely, if the inner diameter of the micropores 4 is too small, the liquid will not penetrate the micropores 4, and the anti-slip effect cannot be obtained. Thus, by forming micropores 4 of an appropriate size in this embodiment, a better anti-slip effect can be obtained, and the unique effects of the coating layer 3 can be maintained. When forming micropores 4 by expanding the gap g2 between the grain boundaries that form the boundaries between crystal grains g1, g1, the shape will be formed along the interface of the crystal grains g1, and the distance (gap thickness) of that gap g2 is preferably 0.1 to 10 μm.

[0048] As is clear from the above, each of the laying materials 1 equipped with a coating layer 3 made of the polymer compound of the above embodiments is equipped with a continuous three-dimensional network of micropores 4, so that slippage can be controlled by friction generated by the suction effect caused by the capillary action resulting from the surface tension of the water and the external pressure (such as walking) applied to the water surface when water penetrates the micropores 4. In other words, by being equipped with micropores 4, the coating layer 3 becomes studless, and the micropores 4 take in water from the surface of the laying material 1, not only removing the water film that causes slippage from the surface of the laying material 1, but also exerting a suction effect by remaining inside the laying material 1.

[0049] As described above, the laying material 1 of the present invention allows for laying work while maintaining the coating layer 3, thus improving work efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, even if the coating layer 3 is laminated onto an existing laying material 1, peeling or dissolving of this coating layer 3 is unnecessary, thus improving work efficiency in adding anti-slip performance to existing laying materials 1. In addition, since peeling or dissolving of the coating layer 3 is unnecessary, the original color, texture, and gloss of the laying material 1 are not altered, and the anti-slip effect can be added while maintaining aesthetics (appearance). Thus, the laying material 1 of the present invention can add an anti-slip effect while maintaining the characteristics of the coating layer 3, which has been widely used in recent years for purposes such as waterproofing, stain resistance, and gloss effect.

[0050] It should be noted that the configuration of each part in the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the opening 5 formed in the laying material 1 may be formed on the surface of the laying material 1, or it may be formed on the surface and sides of the laying material 1. Also, the size of the laying material 1 and the thickness (film thickness) of the substrate layer 2 and the coating layer 3 can be changed to any desired size as appropriate. Furthermore, the laying material 1 has a coating layer 3 on the surface of the substrate layer 2, and the coating layer 3 may be a multilayer structure of two or more layers composed of different polymer compound layers, or the substrate layer 2 may be a multilayer structure of two or more layers composed of different substrate materials.

[0051] Furthermore, in each of the embodiments described above, the laying material 1 having micropores 4 that communicate with the openings 5 ​​may be manufactured in advance by chemical methods in a factory or the like, or by mechanical (physical) methods. Alternatively, the laying material 1 having micropores 4 and openings 5 ​​may be manufactured by applying a solvent or the like to an existing laying material 1. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0052] 1. Laying materials 2 substrate layers 3. Coating layer 4 Micropore 5 Openings 7 Cavity

Claims

1. A laying material having a coating layer made of a polymer compound on the surface of a substrate layer, The coating layer has a plurality of openings on its surface and a three-dimensional network of micropores that connect the plurality of openings at least within the coating layer. The plurality of openings and the micropores are formed by chemical or physical methods. Each of the aforementioned openings allows liquid to enter and exit through the micropores. Laying material.

2. The micropores are formed by expanding the grain boundaries of the coating layer. The laying material according to claim 1.

3. Claim characterized in that a void is formed on the surface where the substrate layer and the coating layer are in contact. Laying material as described in item 1 or 2.

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