Burner with heat exchanger
The heat exchanger design balances heat capacity flows and employs staged combustion to maintain high efficiency with lean gases, addressing inefficiencies and NOx formation in existing burners.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WS WARMEPROZESSTECHNIK GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2022-12-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing burners with heat exchangers struggle to maintain combustion efficiency above 80% when using lean gases with lower calorific values due to the mismatch in heat capacity flows between exhaust gas and combustion air, leading to inefficient cooling and potential thermal NOx formation.
A heat exchanger design with a circumferentially closed housing and divided exhaust gas passage, allowing parallel flow through multiple segments with balanced heat capacity flows, combined with staged combustion and catalysts to preheat combustion air and gas uniformly, reducing exhaust gas temperature to below 300°C.
Achieves combustion efficiency exceeding 80% while preventing excessive air preheating and thermal NOx formation, even with lean gases, by balancing heat capacity flows and utilizing staged combustion and catalysts.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for a burner with a heat exchanger and a burner with a heat exchanger.
Background Art
[0002] In a burner with a heat exchanger, the supplied combustion air is preheated using the derived exhaust gas. Burners with heat exchangers are known, for example, from European Patent Application Publication No. 1995516 (A1). They are used, in particular, for generating process heat, for example for directly or indirectly heating an industrial furnace. In the case of direct heating, combustion takes place in the furnace chamber. In the case of indirect heating, combustion takes place in a chamber closed with respect to the furnace chamber, for example in a radiation pipe protruding into the furnace chamber but closed with respect to it, in which case this chamber or radiation pipe is heated by combustion and emits heat radiation.
[0003] Recent burners with heat exchangers achieve a relative air preheat of more than 80% with respect to the exhaust gas intake temperature for fossil combustion gases having a calorific value exceeding about 5 kWh / m3, such as natural gas or propane. Therefore, the combustion technical efficiency rises above 85%.
[0004] In the future, fossil combustion gases will gradually be replaced by lean gases in order to generate process heat. Lean gas refers to a gas or gas mixture having a low calorific value, such as a gas mixture in which a high-energy alkane is purified by non-combustible components such as nitrogen, CO2 or water vapor. Lean gases include residual gases in the chemical and steel industries, residual gases from fuel cells, gases from wood gasification, cleaning gases from pressure change equipment, and landfill waste gases. Similarly, hydrogen and ammonia, which have a much lower calorific value compared to natural gas or propane, are also referred to as lean gases in the context of this application.
[0005] In combustion gases with lower calorific value, the heat capacity flow of the exhaust gas is much greater than that of the supplied combustion air, so the exhaust gas is not cooled much despite high air preheating. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]
[0006] [Patent Document 1] European Patent Application Publication No. 1995516(A1) [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]
[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger for a burner with a heat exchanger and a burner with a heat exchanger that enables a combustion efficiency of at least 80% by lowering the exhaust gas temperature to 300°C or below, even when using lean gas. [Means for solving the problem]
[0008] This problem is solved by a heat exchanger having the features of claim 1 and a burner with a heat exchanger having the features of claim 12.
[0009] According to the first embodiment, a heat exchanger for a burner with a heat exchanger is provided, having a circumferentially closed housing that surrounds an exhaust gas passage through which exhaust gas can flow longitudinally, and having a number of heat transfer pipes arranged within the exhaust gas passage, wherein a first connection chamber having a first supply connection end for combustion air and a second connection chamber having a second supply connection end for combustion gas are provided on the low-temperature side of the exhaust gas passage, wherein the exhaust gas passage is divided into at least a first segment fluidly connected to the first connection chamber and a second segment fluidly connected to the second connection chamber, and a portion of the heat transfer pipes are arranged within each segment such that the ratio of the heat capacity flow on the low-temperature side to the heat capacity flow on the high-temperature side is between 0.9 and 1.1, and the exhaust gas flow can flow in parallel.
[0010] In relation to this application, terms such as "one" are used simply as indefinite articles and should not be interpreted as numerical values. The concepts of "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish between components and do not represent the order of the components.
[0011] The exhaust gas flows uniformly through two or more segments. As a result, both the combustion air and combustion gas are heated by the exhaust gas within the heat exchanger segments. By supplying combustion air and combustion gas to the lower temperature side, the heat capacity flow on the lower temperature side increases, so that it becomes approximately equal to the heat capacity flow on the higher temperature side. Heat capacity flow is the product of mass flow and heat capacity. With at least approximately equal heat capacity flows, the exhaust gas can be cooled to approximately the same extent as the combustion air and combustion gas are heated. For example, if the exhaust gas inlet temperature is 1000°C and the combustion air and combustion gas are preheated to 800°C, the exhaust gas will be cooled to approximately the same extent, i.e., to below 250°C.
[0012] In one configuration, the exhaust gas passage is divided into three segments, in which case three gas flows, particularly primary air, secondary air, and combustion gas, can flow in parallel through heat transfer pipes located within these segments. Dividing the combustion air into primary and secondary air is used for stepwise combustion, which can reduce thermal NOx formation. In this configuration, for the three segments, in a preferred configuration, separate connection chambers are provided, each having its own dedicated supply connection end.
[0013] In one configuration, the three segments each have equal flow cross-sections. However, they can also be divided differently. Dividing into segments can be appropriately carried out by those skilled in the art, depending on the specific application.
[0014] In one configuration, the division into segments is performed solely by associating the heat transfer pipes with the connecting chambers, in which case the exhaust gas flows freely between the segments.
[0015] In other embodiments, fillers are provided between segments to reduce the gap width between flow cross-sections, particularly between heat transfer pipes formed as flat pipes. In some embodiments, the fillers are formed as perforated plates made of a heat-resistant material, particularly steel. In other embodiments, corrugated sheet inserts are provided as fillers.
[0016] In one embodiment, the heat transfer pipe is housed in a connecting plate positioned at a distance from the housing on the low-temperature and / or high-temperature side, in which case an outlet or inlet opening for an exhaust gas passage is formed between the connecting plate and the housing. In this case, the exhaust gas can flow into the exhaust gas passage from all sides. In a preferred embodiment, a collection chamber surrounding the end of the heat transfer pipe, equipped with an exhaust gas pipe for the exhaust gas, is provided on the low-temperature side.
[0017] In one configuration, a catalyst, particularly one for ammonia decomposition, is placed within the heat transfer pipe of the second segment. Due to the slow flame velocity, it is usually impossible to directly ignite ammonia. When ammonia used as a combustion gas is preheated within the heat transfer pipe, it partially decomposes, forming hydrogen, which facilitates ignition. In one configuration, this effect is enhanced by inserting a catalyst, such as a fabric made of nickel wire, into part or all of the heat transfer pipe of the second segment, i.e., within the heat transfer pipe where the combustion gas is heated.
[0018] Alternatively, or in addition, in some configurations, a catalyst, particularly a catalyst for oxidizing ammonia, is placed in the exhaust gas passage, in the exhaust gas pipe, and / or downstream of the exhaust gas pipe. When the combustion gas is ammonia, traces of ammonia may remain in the exhaust gas, depending on the temperature and residence time in the heating chamber, respectively. For this purpose, in some configurations, a catalyst is placed downstream of the exhaust gas pipe to oxidize the remaining ammonia.
[0019] In one configuration, a central pipe for starting heating is located within the housing, with an exhaust gas passage surrounding the central pipe. In this case, the heat transfer pipes are arranged around the central pipe. Starting heating is used to start a burner with a heat exchanger, especially when used with lean gases that have a very low calorific value, particularly less than 1 kWh / m3. In one configuration, the starting heating includes a gas lance and / or electric heater for supplying a gas with a high calorific value.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the housing has a circular or polygonal cross-section, in which case the exhaust gas passage is divided into coaxially arranged, ring-shaped segments. This division allows for uniform flow through all segments. In some embodiments, a ring-shaped connecting chamber is provided on the low-temperature side, coaxially arranged with respect to the segments.
[0021] The heat transfer pipes are preferably formed as flat pipes, and they are arranged particularly concentrically. A flat pipe is a heat transfer pipe that has a flattened gap cross-section within the section used for heat transfer. In particular, the ends of the flat pipes that connect to the connecting plates are rounded or polygonal in some forms. A heat exchanger having flat pipes is also called a flat pipe heat exchanger. In some forms, corrugated sheet inserts are placed between the flat pipes to increase the heat transfer area and reduce the gap width between the flat pipes.
[0022] According to a second aspect, a burner with a heat exchanger is provided, in which case the heat exchanger has a circumferentially closed housing surrounding an exhaust gas passage through which exhaust gas can flow longitudinally, and a large number of heat transfer pipes arranged in the exhaust gas passage, in which case the exhaust gas passage is divided into at least two segments for preheating combustion air and combustion gas.
[0023] In one form, the heat transfer pipes of the first segment and the second segment communicate with each other in a combustion chamber surrounded by a combustion chamber housing on the high-temperature side. The combustion chamber is also referred to as a combustion chamber, and similarly, the combustion chamber housing is also referred to as a combustion chamber housing.
[0024] In one form, a temperature sensor is provided at the inlet of the combustion chamber, and further, an adjustment device is provided at the first supply connection end and / or the second supply connection end. In that case, one or more adjustment devices adjust the amount of combustion air supplied through the first supply connection end according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor at the inlet of the combustion chamber, in relation to the ratio of the amount of combustion gas supplied through the second supply connection end. The burner with a heat exchanger is driven as follows, that is, in particular, as the temperature of the gas flow supplied to the combustion chamber rises, the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber is reduced relative to the amount of combustion gas supplied to the combustion chamber. Thereby, it is possible to avoid an excessive temperature rise in the combustion chamber.
[0025] In one form, the exhaust gas passage is divided into three segments, in which case three gas flows, in particular primary air, secondary air and combustion gas, can flow in parallel through the heat transfer pipes arranged in these segments. In that case, the heat transfer pipes of the third segment communicate with each other in an air guide chamber surrounding the combustion chamber housing on the high-temperature side. The third segment preferably surrounds the first and second segments.
[0026] This shape enables staged combustion, in which case preheated primary air and preheated combustion gas are supplied to the combustion chamber for the combustion process. The residual gas of this combustion process is combusted by the secondary air preheated in the third segment, preferably in flameless oxidation, thereby preventing the formation of nitrogen oxides.
[0027] The combustion chamber housing and the air guide housing have an outlet nozzle to the furnace chamber for this purpose in some forms of the heat exchanger burner with heat exchanger.
[0028] Other advantages and aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the embodiments of the present invention, which will be described below with reference to the drawings. In that case:
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0029] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows in longitudinal section a heat exchanger burner with heat exchanger arranged on the furnace wall. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 shows a cross-section II-II of the connection head of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 shows a bottom view of the heat exchanger burner with heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1.
Modes for Carrying Out the Invention
[0030] FIGS. 1 to 3 show an embodiment of a heat exchanger burner 1 with a heat exchanger 3 for preheating combustion air and fuel. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger 3.
[0031] The illustrated heat exchanger burner 1 can be driven particularly by so-called lean gas, in which case both the supplied combustion air and the supplied fuel gas are preheated using the exhaust gas energy by the heat exchanger 3.
[0032] The illustrated burner with heat exchanger 1 is used, for example, to heat the furnace chamber 2 and is positioned in a notch in the furnace wall within the furnace insulation material 22.
[0033] As is particularly evident in Figure 4, the illustrated heat exchanger 3 is a flat-pipe heat exchanger having a housing 31, the housing having a circular cross-section. The housing 31 surrounds an exhaust gas passage 32, and flat pipes 33 are housed within the exhaust gas passage. Multiple flat pipes 33, seven in the illustrated embodiment, are arranged concentrically within the housing 31.
[0034] The flat pipes 33 are housed at both ends within the connecting plates 35. These flat pipes 33 are tightly coupled to the connecting plates 35, for example, by soldering. Since the flat pipes 33 are longer than the housing 31, and the connecting plates 35 are each displaced relative to the ends of the housing 31, an inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 5 for exhaust gas are formed between the ends and the connecting plates 35. A flange plate 36 is provided on the low-temperature side of the heat exchanger 3 for mounting the heat exchanger 3 to the furnace wall.
[0035] In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust gas passage 32 is divided into three segments 321, 322, and 323, through which exhaust gas can flow in parallel. 2 A portion of the flat pipe 33 is allocated to section 3.
[0036] The heat exchanger 3 has a connection head 30 for supplying combustion air and fuel, located outside the furnace chamber 2 and on the low-temperature side of the heat exchanger 3. The connection head 30 is shown in cross-section in Figure 2. As is clear from Figure 2, the illustrated connection head 30 has three separate supply connection ends 37, 38, and 39 for materially separating three gas flows and supplying them to three segments 321, 322, and 323 of the flat pipe 33. In the illustrated embodiment, there is a first supply connection end 37 for primary air supply, a second supply connection end 38 for fuel supply, and a third supply connection end 39 for secondary air supply. The supply connection ends 37, 38, and 39 communicate with the inside of the connection chambers 301, 302, and 303, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, the second supply connection end 38 and the third supply connection end 39 are positioned at a 90° displacement relative to the first supply connection end 37, which is positioned between them. However, other arrangements are possible. The connecting chambers 301, 302, and 303 each have a circular cross-section and are arranged concentrically with respect to the central axis of the heat exchanger 3. In this case, the first connecting chamber 301 is located between the second connecting chamber 302, which is located on the inside, and the third connecting chamber 303, which is located on the outside. These connecting chambers 301, 302, and 303 are materially separated by a web.
[0037] In the illustrated embodiment, segments 321, 322, and 323 are each circular and arranged concentrically with respect to the central axis of the heat exchanger 3. The size and / or shape of segments 321, 322, and 323 can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the specific application. In the illustrated embodiment, the centrally located first segment 321 and the innerly located second segment 322 are selected such that they have the same number of flat pipes 33 and that the flow cross-sections around the flat pipes 33 are at least substantially equal, so that the gas flow guided within the flat pipes 33 during use is heated at least substantially equally by the exhaust gas flowing around the flat pipes 33.
[0038] Between segments 321, 322, and 323, filler members 34 are positioned to reduce the gap width between the flat pipes. The filler members 34 are preferably selected so as not to obstruct the flow between segments 321, 322, and 323. For example, the filler member is a perforated plate made of heat-resistant steel that causes a swirling of the exhaust gas flow.
[0039] The illustrated burner 1 with a heat exchanger is used for stepwise combustion.
[0040] For staged combustion, the burner with heat exchanger 1 has, on the high-temperature side, a combustion chamber 11 (also called a combustion chamber, primary combustion chamber, or primary combustion chamber) surrounded by a combustion chamber housing 10, also called a combustion chamber housing 10, and an air guide housing 12 surrounding the combustion chamber housing 10. The combustion chamber housing 10 and the air guide housing 12 each have outlet nozzles 13 and 14 leading to the furnace chamber 2.
[0041] In the illustrated embodiment, a schematic temperature sensor 8 is provided at the inlet of the combustion chamber 11. Furthermore, adjustment devices 370 and 380 are provided at the first supply connection end 37 and the second supply connection end 38, respectively, which can be used to adjust the amount of primary air supplied through the first supply connection end 37 or the amount of combustion gas supplied through the second supply connection end 38. In other embodiments, adjustment devices 370 and 380 are provided at only one of the two supply connection ends 37 and 38.
[0042] Figure 3 shows a bottom view of a burner 1 with a heat exchanger, which has an outlet nozzle 13 provided in the combustion chamber housing 10 and an outlet nozzle 14 provided in the air guide housing 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the outlet nozzles 13 and 14 are evenly distributed along circles concentric with respect to the central axis of the heat exchanger. The arrangement and number of the outlet nozzles 13 and 14 are purely illustrative.
[0043] Primary air heated in the first segment 321 and fuel heated in the second segment 322 are supplied to the combustion chamber 11 for oxidation. The reaction gas flow released from the combustion chamber 11 is supplied to the furnace chamber 2 via the outlet nozzle 13, where it is completely oxidized by adding secondary air preheated in the third segment as needed.
[0044] A pipe 6 is provided coaxially with the central axis of the heat exchanger 3, and this pipe communicates with the inside of the combustion chamber 11. A baffle plate 60 is provided at the end of the pipe 6 that is located inside the combustion chamber.
[0045] To supply a fuel with a higher calorific value to the combustion chamber 11, an additional device 7, for example in the shape of a central gas lance, is provided in the pipe 6 for starting the burner with heat exchanger 1. For example, to heat the furnace chamber 2, a fuel with a higher calorific value, such as natural gas, is supplied via the additional device 7. The flame is ignited in the combustion chamber 11, and the hot exhaust gas reaches the furnace chamber 2 through the outlet nozzle 13, thereby heating the furnace chamber. Once the desired temperature is achieved, the burner with heat exchanger 1 can be driven by lean gas.
[0046] After startup, the oxidation process in the combustion chamber 11 and the furnace chamber 2 is preferably carried out in such a way that flame formation is suppressed and, consequently, thermal NOx formation is avoided.
[0047] The exhaust gas generated during combustion is supplied, at least partially, to the exhaust gas passage 32, and to segments 321, 322, 3 2 In step 3, both the combustion air and the supplied combustion gas are heated. The heating of the combustion air and combustion gas increases the heat capacity flow on the low-temperature side, so that the heat capacity flow on the low-temperature side becomes approximately equal to the heat capacity flow on the high-temperature side.
[0048] In the illustrated embodiment, the amount of primary air supplied via the first supply connection end 37 can be adjusted by the adjustment devices 370 and 380 in proportion to the amount of combustion gas supplied via the second supply connection end 38, according to the temperature at the inlet of the combustion chamber 11 detected by the temperature sensor 8. In this case, the burner with heat exchanger can be driven such that, as the preheating of the gas flow supplied to the combustion chamber 11 increases, the amount of primary air supplied decreases relative to the amount of combustion gas supplied. This makes it possible to avoid a significant temperature rise inside the combustion chamber 11.
[0049] By simultaneously heating the combustion air and combustion gases, even with lean gases, the exhaust gas temperature can be reduced to below 300°C, enabling combustion efficiency exceeding 80%. At the same time, excessive air preheating, which can lead to thermal nitrogen oxide formation, can be avoided.
[0050] This makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the burner 1 with a heat exchanger without increasing the heat transfer area, and this will be explained below using an example of a 50kW burner having a flat-pipe heat exchanger for lean gas, hydrogen, or ammonia, having characteristic quantities kxA = 50W / K (A = heat exchanger area, k = heat transfer coefficient) at an exhaust gas inlet temperature of 1000°C.
[0051] [Table 1]
[0052] In one configuration, the number of flat pipes 33 is evenly distributed among the three segments 321, 322, and 323. In other configurations, different distributions are made depending on the combustion gas. [Aspect 1] A heat exchanger for a burner with a heat exchanger (1) having a circumferentially closed housing (31) that surrounds an exhaust gas passage (32) through which exhaust gas can flow in the longitudinal direction, having a high-temperature side and a low-temperature side, and having a number of heat transfer pipes arranged within the exhaust gas passage, wherein a first connection chamber (301) having a first supply connection end (37) for combustion air and a second connection chamber (302) having a second supply connection end (38) for combustion gas are provided on the low-temperature side of the exhaust gas passage (32), A heat exchanger characterized in that the exhaust gas passage (32) is divided into at least a first segment (321) fluidly connected to the first connecting chamber (301) and a second segment (322) fluidly connected to the second connecting chamber (302), a portion of the heat transfer pipe (33) is arranged within each segment such that the ratio of the heat capacity flow on the low-temperature side to the heat capacity flow on the high-temperature side is between 0.9 and 1.1, and the exhaust gas can flow in parallel within each segment. [Aspect 2] The heat exchanger according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the exhaust gas passage (32) is divided into three segments (321, 322, 323), and three gas flows, particularly a primary air flow, a secondary air flow, and a combustion gas, can flow in parallel through heat transfer pipes arranged within the three segments (321, 322, 323). [Aspect 3] The heat exchanger according to embodiment 2, characterized in that the three segments (321, 322, and 323) have equal flow cross-sections. [Aspect 4] A heat exchanger according to embodiment 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that a filling member (34) is provided between the segments (321, 322, 323) to reduce the flow cross-section, and in particular the filling member (34) is formed as a perforated plate. [Aspect 5] The heat exchanger according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, characterized in that the heat transfer pipe is housed in a connecting plate (35) which is arranged at a distance from the housing (31) on the low-temperature side and / or the high-temperature side, and an outlet opening or inlet opening for the exhaust gas passage (32) is formed between the connecting plate (35) and the housing (31). [Aspect 6] The heat exchanger according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, characterized in that a catalyst, particularly a catalyst for ammonia decomposition, is arranged in the heat transfer pipe of the second segment (322). [Aspect 7] A heat exchanger according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, characterized in that a catalyst, particularly a catalyst, is arranged in the exhaust gas passage (32), in the exhaust gas pipe (5), and / or downstream of the exhaust gas pipe (5). [Aspect 8] A heat exchanger according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, characterized in that a central pipe (6) for starting heating is arranged within the housing (31), and the exhaust gas passage (32) surrounds the central pipe (6). [Aspect 9] The heat exchanger according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, characterized in that the housing (31) has a circular or polygonal cross-section, and the exhaust gas passage (32) is divided into coaxially arranged ring-shaped segments (321, 322, 323). [Aspect 10] The heat exchanger according to embodiment 9, characterized in that ring-shaped connecting chambers (301, 302, 303) are provided coaxially with respect to the segments (321, 322, 323). [Aspect 11] The heat exchanger according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, characterized in that the heat transfer pipes are formed as flat pipes (33), and the flat pipes are arranged particularly in a concentric manner. [Aspect 12] A burner with a heat exchanger having the heat exchanger described in any one of the embodiments 1 to 11. [Aspect 13] The burner with a heat exchanger according to embodiment 12, characterized in that the heat transfer pipes of the first segment (321) and the second segment (322) communicate with the combustion chamber (11) surrounded by the combustion chamber housing (10) on the high-temperature side. [Aspect 14] A burner with a heat exchanger according to embodiment 13, characterized in that a temperature sensor (8) is provided at the inlet of the combustion chamber (11), and adjustment devices (370, 380) are provided at the first supply connection end (37) and / or the second supply connection end (38), and the adjustment devices (370, 380) are configured to adjust the ratio of the amount of combustion air supplied through the first supply connection end (37) to the amount of combustion gas supplied through the second supply connection end (38) according to the temperature at the inlet of the combustion chamber (11) detected using the temperature sensor (8). [Aspect 15] The burner with heat exchanger according to embodiment 13 or 14, characterized in that the exhaust gas passage is divided into three segments, and the heat transfer pipe of the third segment (323) communicates with an air guide housing (12) that surrounds the combustion chamber housing (10) on the high-temperature side. [Aspect 16] The burner with heat exchanger according to embodiment 15, characterized in that the combustion chamber housing (10) and the air guide housing (12) have outlet nozzles (13, 14).
Claims
1. A burner with a heat exchanger, comprising a heat exchanger and a combustion chamber (11) surrounded by a combustion chamber housing (10), wherein the heat exchanger has a circumferentially closed housing (31) surrounding an exhaust gas passage (32) through which exhaust gas can flow in the longitudinal direction, the heat exchanger has a high-temperature side to which heat-radiating exhaust gas is supplied and a low-temperature side to which a gas to be heated is supplied, the heat exchanger has a number of heat transfer pipes arranged within the exhaust gas passage (32), and on the low-temperature side of the exhaust gas passage (32) are provided a first connection chamber (301) having a first supply connection end (37) for primary combustion air, a second connection chamber (302) having a second supply connection end (38) for fuel gas, and a third connection chamber (303) having a third supply connection end (39) for secondary combustion air, The exhaust gas passage (32) is divided into three segments (321, 322, 323), namely, a first segment (321), a second segment (322), and a third segment (323). Three gas flows, namely a primary combustion air flow, a secondary combustion air flow, and a fuel gas, can flow in parallel through the numerous heat transfer pipes arranged within the three segments (321, 322, 323). The first segment (321) is fluidly connected to the first connecting chamber (301), the second segment (322) is fluidly connected to the second connecting chamber (302), and the third segment (323) is fluidly connected to the third connecting chamber (303). A portion of the heat transfer pipe (33) is arranged within each segment such that the ratio of the heat capacity flow of the gas supplied to the low-temperature side to the heat capacity flow of the exhaust gas supplied to the high-temperature side is between 0.9 and 1.1, and the exhaust gas can flow in parallel within each segment. The heat transfer pipes of the first segment (321) and the second segment (321) on the high-temperature side are in communication with the combustion chamber (11). A burner with a heat exchanger, characterized in that the heat transfer pipe of the third segment (323) on the high-temperature side is in communication with an air guide housing (12) that surrounds the combustion chamber housing (10).
2. The burner with a heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the three segments (321, 322, 323) have equal flow cross-sections.
3. The burner with a heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a filling member (34) is provided between the segments (321, 322, 323) to reduce the flow cross-section.
4. The heat exchanger burner according to claim 3, characterized in that the filling member (34) is formed as a perforated plate.
5. The burner with heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer pipe is housed in a connecting plate (35) which is arranged at a distance from the housing (31) on the low-temperature side and / or the high-temperature side, and an outlet opening or inlet opening for the exhaust gas passage (32) is formed between the connecting plate (35) and the housing (31).
6. The burner with a heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that a catalyst is arranged in the heat transfer pipe of the second segment (322).
7. The burner with heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that a catalyst is arranged in the exhaust gas passage (32), in the exhaust gas pipe (5), and / or downstream of the exhaust gas pipe (5).
8. The burner with heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that the catalyst is a catalyst for oxidizing ammonia.
9. The burner with heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that a central pipe (6) for starting heating is arranged inside the housing (31), and the exhaust gas passage (32) surrounds the central pipe (6).
10. The burner with heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (31) has a circular or polygonal cross-section, and the exhaust gas passage (32) is divided into coaxially arranged ring-shaped segments (321, 322, 323).
11. The burner with a heat exchanger according to claim 10, characterized in that ring-shaped connecting chambers (301, 302, 303) are provided that are arranged coaxially with respect to the segments (321, 322, 323).
12. The burner with heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer pipe is formed as a flat pipe (33).
13. The burner with a heat exchanger according to claim 12, characterized in that the plurality of heat transfer pipes are arranged in a concentric circle.
14. A burner with a heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that a temperature sensor (8) is provided at the inlet of the combustion chamber (11), and adjustment devices (370, 380) are provided at the first supply connection end (37) and / or the second supply connection end (38), wherein the adjustment devices (370, 380) are configured to adjust the ratio of the amount of combustion air supplied through the first supply connection end (37) to the amount of fuel gas supplied through the second supply connection end (38) according to the temperature at the inlet of the combustion chamber (11) detected using the temperature sensor (8).
15. The burner with heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber housing (10) and the air guide housing (12) have outlet nozzles (13, 14).