Hydraulic composition, and method and kit for applying a curable paste using the same.

Abstract

To provide a hydraulic composition that can be applied to hardening paste application, such as small to medium-sized anchor element fixing work and wide-area crack repair work, can always prepare a hardening paste of the same quality by uniformly mixing and kneading the hydraulic composition and water in a simple manner in a short time, and can be used to fix anchor elements in drilled holes and perform wide-area crack repair work, and a hardening paste application method using the same.SOLUTION: A hydraulic composition C1 contains hydraulic components containing portland cement, alumina cement, and a quick-setting agent, a viscosity adjuster, a setting adjuster, and fine aggregate. The hardening paste application method includes a step of absorbing water W into the hydraulic composition C1 to cause it to aggregate, a step of putting an aggregate Ca into a cylinder cartridge 300, a step of discharging a hardening paste C2 in which the hardening composition C1 and water W are mixed to an application location, and a step of hardening the hardening paste C2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydraulic composition used for anchoring reinforcing bars and anchor bolts to concrete structures or rock formations such as culverts, dam bodies, and buildings, or for repairing cracks, fixing bricks, blocks, or tiles, filling joints, stopping leaks, improving the ground, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to surfaces, plastering walls, or fabricating or decorating structures, as well as a hardening paste application method using the same and a hardening paste application kit. [Background technology]

[0002] Reinforcement work is being carried out to improve the shear strength of existing concrete artificial structures such as culverts, dam bodies, tunnels, and buildings in order to enhance their seismic resistance and durability. In addition, work is being carried out to attach structures such as rockfall protection nets and avalanche prevention fences as needed to so-called reinforced concrete that covers slopes to prevent collapse. These works involve creating cylindrical holes in the concrete structure or bedrock using rotary tools such as drills and core boring machines, filling them with a hardening composition, and then driving in and fixing anchor elements such as reinforcing bars and anchor bolts.

[0003] For anchor element anchoring work, a hydraulic composition containing cement is used as the hardening composition. In anchor element anchoring work, this hydraulic composition is brought into contact with water to form a paste, and this hardening paste is injected between the anchor element and the inner wall of the borehole. After curing, it is hardened to form a hardened material. The amount of water to the hydraulic composition is predetermined so that the hardened material exhibits the desired strength, and it is also necessary to mix the two uniformly. As a result, the anchor element is anchored to the concrete structure, increasing the shear strength of the existing concrete structure or allowing a workpiece to be attached to it. Methods for anchoring such anchor elements can be classified into cartridge type and pack type.

[0004] The cartridge method involves preparing a curable paste by adding water to a hydraulic composition contained in a rigid cylinder cartridge, while the pack method involves preparing a curable paste by mixing a hydraulic composition contained in a pouch container with water within the pouch container.

[0005] As an example of a cartridge system, Patent Document 1 describes a method in which, after injecting water into a hydraulic composition, which is a cement-based composition powder pre-contained in a cylinder having a discharge port at one end, the hydraulic composition and water are stirred by shaking the cylinder cartridge by hand or by vibrating the cylinder cartridge with a machine, and the resulting highly fluid cement paste is pushed out from the discharge port and injected into a bore drilled in a concrete structure, into which an anchor element is inserted.

[0006] On the other hand, as a packing method, Patent Document 2 describes a method of using a pouch container in which a hydraulic composition is contained in the upper storage section of a pouch container divided into two sections by a partition, and water is contained in the lower storage section. The partition is removed by pulling the upper and lower ends of the pouch container, the hydraulic composition is dropped into the water, and then the two contents are mixed by kneading or shaking the pouch container by hand or by applying vibration with a machine to prepare a hardening paste. This method does not require a large-scale mixing device, so it can be easily applied to anchor element fixing work.

[0007] With the cartridge and pack systems, the cement paste filled into the borehole has high fluidity, allowing anchor elements to be manually driven into the borehole without the need for driving equipment. Furthermore, since cement paste can be injected into numerous boreholes in an assembly-line fashion, construction can be completed in many locations in a short time.

[0008] However, in the cartridge system described in Patent Document 1, if the operator spills water when injecting it from the discharge port, the amount of water injected becomes unknown, and the required amount of water cannot be absorbed by the cement-based composition powder. Also, because the water is concentrated on the discharge port side of the cement-based composition powder when injected from the discharge port, it is necessary to shake the entire cylinder cartridge after injecting water to mix them uniformly. If an inexperienced operator who is not proficient in the work shakes the cylinder cartridge by hand, insufficient mixing may result in incomplete mixing, or excessive mixing may result in excessive air being incorporated. Furthermore, if such an operator is slow in the mixing process, the cement paste may reach the starting stage of setting, lose its fluidity, and cannot be injected into the borehole.

[0009] In addition, the water and cement-based composition powder may separate, preventing the cement paste from setting within the expected time or causing the hardened material to fail to achieve the desired strength. As a result, the cement-based composition inside the cylinder can no longer be used for anchoring the anchor element and must be discarded. Discarding cement-based compositions due to such operational errors results in unnecessary costs and increases industrial waste.

[0010] Furthermore, in the packing method described in Patent Document 2, only an amount of hydraulic composition that the partition can withstand can be contained, and since the amount of hydraulic composition in the pouch container is limited to a small amount, the amount of curable paste that can be prepared is also limited to a small amount. For this reason, the anchor element fixing and restraint to which this packing method can be applied is limited to small-scale projects, such as those involving two to three to about ten construction sites.

[0011] On the other hand, hardening compositions such as hydraulic compositions are used not only for anchor element fixing work, but also for repairing cracks in concrete structures, fixing bricks, blocks, and tiles and filling joints between them, stopping leaks, improving the ground, filling voids, and for the interior and exterior of buildings, such as applying decorative mortar to the surface, plastering walls, or fabricating or decorating structures. In this case, a hardening paste prepared by mixing the hardening composition with a liquid agent is filled into the areas to be repaired cracks, where bricks are installed or joints are filled, where leaks occur, where the ground or voids are constructed, or where structures are constructed, and then allowed to harden. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0012] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-147883 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-25424 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0013] The present invention was made to solve the aforementioned problems, and aims to provide a hydraulic composition, a method for applying a hydraulic paste, and a kit for applying a hydraulic paste, which can be applied to hardening paste construction, such as anchor element fixing work on a medium scale as well as crack repair work on a wide area, and which can be uniformly mixed and kneaded in a short time using a simple method, thereby enabling the preparation of a hardening paste of the same quality every time. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] The hydraulic composition of the present invention, made to achieve the above objective, is characterized by containing a hydraulic component containing Portland cement, alumina cement, and a rapid setting agent, a viscosity modifier, a setting modifier, and fine aggregate having a particle size classification of 4 to 8 in accordance with JIS G5901 (2016). Specifically, it is characterized by containing a hydraulic component that includes Portland cement, alumina cement, a rapid setting agent, and a strength enhancer, as well as a viscosity modifier, a setting modifier, and fine aggregate. More specifically, a hydraulic composition for sealing permeable cylindrical containers or bag-shaped packs, comprising a hydraulic component containing Portland cement, alumina cement, a rapid setting agent, and a strength enhancer, a viscosity modifier, a setting modifier, and fine aggregate with a particle size classification of No. 4, No. 4.5, No. 5, or No. 5.5 according to JIS G5901 (2016), wherein the strength enhancer is selected from at least one of silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and kaolin, and the Portland cement, alumina cement, rapid setting agent, viscosity modifier, setting modifier, and fine aggregate are contained in a mass ratio of 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40, and naphthalene This hydraulic composition for sealing in permeable cylindrical containers or bag-shaped packs is characterized by not containing a sulfonic acid-based fluidizer selected from sulfonic acid formalin condensate, melamine sulfonic acid formalin condensate, aromatic sulfonic acid formalin condensate, polystyrene sulfonic acid, lignin sulfonic acid, and salts thereof, and a carboxylic acid-based fluidizer selected from polycarboxylic acid and salts thereof, and is for the preparation of a curable paste that hardens by settling.

[0015] This hydraulic composition is used, for example, for anchoring anchor elements, repairing cracks, fixing bricks, blocks, or tiles, filling joints, stopping leaks, improving the ground, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to surfaces, plastering walls, or for manufacturing or decorating structures.

[0016] This hydraulic composition is a thickening agent containing at least one selected from cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose; natural polysaccharide derivatives containing at least one of the above cellulose derivatives; acrylamide; starch ether; and polyelectrolytes.

[0017] This hydraulic composition is a setting time regulator containing at least one selected from oxycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid or salts thereof; lignin sulfonic acid or salts thereof; sugar alcohols selected from sorbitol, pentitol, and hexitol; carbonates; and silica.

[0018] It is preferable that this hydraulic composition contains the Portland cement, the alumina cement, the flash set retarder, the viscosity regulator, the setting regulator, and the fine aggregate in a mass ratio of 20 to 50: 30 to 60: 20 to 40: 0.1 to 0.8: 1 to 8: 10 to 30.

[0019] It is preferable that this hydraulic composition does not contain a retarder for fluidization. This hydraulic composition contains at least one strength enhancer selected from, for example, silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and kaolin. The bag-shaped pack for applying the curable paste has a bag body containing the above-mentioned hydraulic composition for enclosing the bag-shaped pack, and a port that communicates the outside with the inner space of the bag body at its upper end side. This bag-shaped pack for applying the curable paste is such that water is not contained in advance. In this bag-shaped pack for applying the curable paste, for example, the width of the upper end side portion and the lower end side portion facing it is shorter than the vertical length of the side portion. This bag-shaped pack for applying the curable paste has, for example, a width of 50 to 300 mm and a length of 100 to 500 mm. This bag-shaped pack for applying the curable paste has, for example, a mass of the hydraulic composition of 100 to 3000 g. This bag-shaped pack for applying the curable paste has, for example, a bag body formed of a resin film. This bag-shaped pack for applying the curable paste has, for example, a film with a thickness of 100 to 250 μm.

[0020] The method for applying the curable paste according to the present invention, which is made to achieve the above object, comprises a step of bringing water into contact with a fixing agent capsule in which a hydraulic composition is enclosed in a water-permeable cylindrical container to absorb the water into the hydraulic composition and aggregate the hydraulic composition, a step of taking out the aggregated hydraulic composition from the water-permeable cylindrical container, putting it into a cylinder cartridge having a cylinder tip at the tip and an opening at the base end, and then inserting a lid that moves inside the cylinder cartridge toward the cylinder tip in response to pressing through the opening, a step of pressing the lid to extrude the hydraulic composition from the cylinder tip and discharging the curable paste in which the hydraulic composition and the water are mixed to a construction site, and a step of curing the curable paste.

[0021] This method for applying the curable paste has a process of injecting into a drilled hole formed in a concrete structure in the step of discharging to the construction site, and the step of curing the cured paste has a process of inserting an anchor element into the drilled hole while piercing the cured paste, so that the anchor element can be fixed.

[0022] This method for applying the curable paste may stir the aggregated hydraulic composition in the cylinder cartridge to disperse the hydraulic composition and prepare the curable paste.

[0023] This method for applying a hardening paste involves attaching a nozzle to the tip of the cylinder, which has an injection tube fitted to its tip with an injection volume indicator mark. The cylinder cartridge is moved in a direction that withdraws the injection tube from the drilled hole while the injection tube is inserted into the drilled hole and the hydraulic composition is injected. The injection of the hydraulic composition is terminated when the injection volume indicator mark appears to be in or out of the drilled hole.

[0024] This curing paste application method involves bringing the water and the fixing agent capsule into contact for 3 to 5 minutes.

[0025] This curable paste application method may include a step of cleaning the inner wall surface of the cylinder cartridge after the injection step.

[0026] In this curable paste application method, the permeable cylindrical container may contain paper.

[0027] Another curable paste application method of the present invention comprises the steps of: pouring water into a pack having a bag containing a hydraulic composition and a port that connects the outside world to the inside of the bag at its upper edge; attaching a cap to the port that prevents leakage of the hydraulic composition and the water, and applying external force to the pack to mix the hydraulic composition and the water to prepare a curable paste; removing the cap, crushing the bag to push the curable paste out of the port and discharge the curable paste from the port to the application site; and curing the curable paste.

[0028] This hardening paste application method may involve a step of discharging the paste to the application site, which includes a step of injecting it into a bore drilled in the concrete structure, and a step of hardening the hardening paste, which includes a step of inserting the anchor element into the bore while piercing the hardening paste, thereby securing the anchor element.

[0029] In this curing paste application method, it is preferable that the external force is the pressing force of an instrument and / or human force.

[0030] This curable paste application method is even more preferable if an injection connector, with an injection tube fitted to the tip of which has an injection volume indicator mark, is attached to the port, the pack is moved in a direction that removes the injection tube from the drilled hole while the injection tube is inserted into the drilled hole and the curable paste is injected, and the injection of the curable paste is completed when the injection volume indicator mark appears to be in or out of the drilled hole.

[0031] This curable paste application method is even more preferable if the curable paste is dispensed to the tip of the injection tube, the injection tube is inserted into the borehole, the pack is moved in a direction that withdraws the injection tube from the borehole while injecting the curable paste, the injection tube itself is pulled up while being squeezed, and the injection of the curable paste is completed when the injection amount indicator mark appears to be moving in and out of the borehole.

[0032] This curable paste application method is even more preferable if it involves injecting the curable paste from inside the pack and from the pack to the injection volume indicator mark on the injection tube into the borehole.

[0033] This method for applying the curable paste may involve inserting the spout nozzle of a bottle containing the necessary amount of water for curing the hydraulic composition into the port, and then pouring the water into the pack.

[0034] This hardening paste application method involves, for example, adding 20 to 40 parts by mass of water to 100 parts by mass of the hydraulic composition.

[0035] To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a curable paste application kit comprising: a bag containing the hydraulic composition; a pack having a port that connects the outside world to the inside of the bag at its upper edge; a bottle containing, or for containing, the necessary amount of water for curing the hydraulic composition; and a spout nozzle that is fitted into, or to be fitted into, the spout of the bottle for pouring the water into the pack.

[0036] It is even more preferable that the hardening paste application kit separately comprises a cap that is screwable or matable into the port and for sealing the contained hydraulic composition and / or paste obtained by mixing the hydraulic composition with water, and an injection connector that is screwable or matable into the port and has an injection tube fitted to its tip with an injection volume indicator mark.

[0037] This hardening paste application kit is intended, for example, for anchoring anchor elements.

[0038] This hardening paste application kit, for example, has a bag containing up to 3000g of the hydraulic composition. [Effects of the Invention]

[0039] The hydraulic composition of the present invention is suitable for application of hardening paste, particularly for anchoring anchor elements, repairing cracks, fixing bricks, blocks, or tiles or filling joints, stopping leaks, improving the ground, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to surfaces, plastering walls, or for the manufacture or decoration of structures. With this hydraulic composition, by adding a predetermined amount of water, a hardening paste with high fluidity that mixes easily when kneaded, shaken, vibrated, or mixed can be prepared.

[0040] This hydraulic composition contains a viscosity modifier, so when formed into a hardened paste, it has appropriate fluidity for easy injection into boreholes and appropriate viscosity to prevent it from flowing out even when injected into upward-facing boreholes. Using this composition makes it difficult for anchor elements to come loose, allowing for secure fixation. Furthermore, because of its versatility, this composition can be applied to a wide range of construction and fabrication applications, including repairing cracks in concrete structures, fixing tiles, bricks, and blocks and filling joints, stopping leaks, preparing grout for civil engineering and construction work such as ground improvement and cavity filling, applying decorative mortar to the interior and exterior surfaces of buildings, and mortar sculpting for artistic works and decorative structures.

[0041] This hydraulic composition contains a setting regulator, which prevents heat generation, thus preventing expansion and cracking during cooling. Furthermore, it is slow to harden until the application procedure is completed, but hardens rapidly once injected and cured. In particular, when used for anchoring anchor elements, it delays hardening, making it slow to harden until the curing paste is injected into the borehole, but then hardens rapidly once injected and cured.

[0042] Furthermore, since the resulting hardening paste contains relatively coarse fine aggregate with a particle size classification of 4 to 8, when used for anchoring anchor elements, the fine aggregate easily catches on the unevenness of the inner surface of the drilled hole and the unevenness of the anchor element, compressing it like a wedge and making it difficult for the anchor element to come loose, thus ensuring firm anchoring.

[0043] The resulting hardening paste can be easily injected into boreholes in concrete structures such as culverts, dam bodies, and buildings, as well as into bedrock, to secure anchor elements such as reinforcing bars and anchor bolts. Moreover, anchor elements can be manually driven into the boreholes into which the hardening paste has been injected, without the need for driving equipment. Furthermore, since the hardening paste can be injected into numerous boreholes in an assembly-line fashion, construction in many locations can be completed in a short time. In addition, it is possible to perform large-scale or large-volume construction work in a short time, such as crack repair, fixing or filling joints of bricks, blocks, or tiles, waterproofing leaks, ground improvement, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to surfaces, plastering walls, or fabricating or decorating structures.

[0044] According to the curable paste application method of the present invention, specifically the cartridge-type curable paste application method, by simply bringing the fixing agent capsule, which contains the above-mentioned hydraulic composition sealed in a permeable cylindrical container, into contact with water, the hydraulic composition absorbs the required amount of water evenly and without excess or deficiency. This prevents errors such as spilling water or using the wrong amount of water, and ensures that the anchor element is fixed within the desired setting time. Furthermore, because the hydraulic composition absorbs water evenly, even inexperienced workers who are not proficient in stirring it can perform the application easily and reliably.

[0045] This hardening paste application method involves a simple process in which the hydraulic composition aggregates upon water absorption, and this aggregate is then grasped by hand and placed into a cylinder cartridge with a discharge port. Therefore, it does not require any special technique and does not depend on the worker's skill level, enabling a uniform injection method for post-installed anchoring. As a result, the anchor elements can always be fixed to the concrete structure with the desired strength.

[0046] This method for applying a curable paste includes a step of stirring and agitating the aggregated hydraulic composition within a cylinder cartridge. This allows for the uniform dispersion of the aggregated hydraulic composition, resulting in a curable paste with appropriate fluidity. Consequently, the resistance to extruding the curable paste from the cylinder cartridge is significantly reduced, thereby easing the burden on the worker.

[0047] This hardening paste application method, if it includes a step of cleaning the inner wall surface of the cylinder cartridge after the step of injecting the hydraulic composition is completed, allows for the reuse of the cylinder cartridge, thus contributing to waste reduction and cost reduction.

[0048] In this hardening paste application method, the permeable cylindrical container containing the hydraulic composition is easily broken due to the presence of paper. Therefore, the aggregated hydraulic composition can be removed by simply tearing the container by hand, requiring no tools, allowing workers to perform the application smoothly.

[0049] According to the curable paste application method of the present invention, specifically the pack-type curable paste application method, water is not pre-packed in the pack but is added to the pack in the required amount at the time of use. Therefore, it is not necessary to separate the water and the hydraulic composition with a partition, which simplifies the pack's structure and prevents problems such as the partition coming loose or detaching during transport or storage, causing contact between the two. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to handle the pack carefully to prevent the partition from coming off, it can be transported and stored easily. Moreover, without considering the load-bearing capacity of the partition, an appropriate amount of hydraulic composition can be stored in the pack according to the scale of the application, from small to medium scale, and an appropriate amount of curable paste can be prepared.

[0050] In a method for applying a curable paste, the hydraulic composition and water can be mixed and the curable paste prepared by an extremely simple method such as stepping on, kneading, or shaking the pack.

[0051] In both the cartridge and pack methods for applying the hardening paste, using an injection tube marked with an injection volume indicator, the worker simply moves the cylinder cartridge or pack in the direction of withdrawing the injection tube from the drilled hole in the concrete structure while injecting the hardening paste, and stops the injection when the injection volume indicator mark appears to be in or out of the drilled hole opening. This simple operation ensures that the specified amount of hardening paste is injected into the drilled hole without excess or deficiency. As a result, when inserting the anchor element into the drilled hole, excess hardening paste does not overflow from the drilled hole opening, making it economical and reducing waste. Furthermore, since there is no shortage of hardening paste injection, there is no need to inject additional hardening paste in a later step, allowing the anchor element fixing work to proceed quickly.

[0052] Furthermore, the presence of this injection volume indicator mark allows the hardening paste inside the cylinder cartridge or pack, and the area from the cylinder cartridge or pack to the injection volume indicator mark on the injection tube, to be injected into the borehole. This ensures that the injection volume does not vary from cylinder cartridge to cylinder, pack to pack, or from worker to worker. As a result, a uniform amount can be injected into the borehole, enabling consistent and repeated construction.

[0053] Controlling the uniformity of the discharge volume is a major challenge for contractors and the construction industry, but this hardening paste application method can solve that problem. Previously, the discharge volume was controlled by attaching an injection volume indicator mark to the hose and squeezing the pack by hand to allow it to be naturally pulled up, judging that discharge was complete when the injection volume indicator mark appeared to be emerging from the borehole opening. However, with this method, the speed of pulling up varied from person to person, and even when the mark appeared to be emerging from the borehole opening, it was not possible to guarantee that the specified amount of hardening paste had entered the borehole. However, by adopting a method in which the hardening paste is discharged up to the very tip of the injection tube in advance, and then the injection tube is inserted into the borehole and pulled up while squeezing the tube itself, the amount of hardening paste that enters the borehole is equal to the amount of the tube that is squeezed, so the specified amount of hardening paste can be put in, and excellent discharge control can be achieved.

[0054] Furthermore, if the curable paste application kit of the present invention includes a pack containing a hydraulic composition, a bottle that contains a predetermined amount of water in advance or is empty to facilitate transport to the site and then filled with a predetermined amount of water at the site when needed, and a spout nozzle that is pre-attached to the bottle's spout or attached at the time of use for fitting into the port to pour water into the pack, the curable paste application method described above can be carried out simply, reliably, and in a short period of time.

[0055] Furthermore, this hardening paste application kit allows for quick and easy mixing and injection by making the cap for sealing the contained hydraulic composition or a paste made by mixing it with water, and the injection connector, which has an injection tube with an injection volume indicator mark fitted to its tip, interchangeable and screwable or fitted into the port. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0056] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view illustrating the first half of an anchor element fixing method using a curable paste application method (cartridge type) with a hydraulic composition to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 2]This is a perspective view illustrating the latter half of an anchor element fixing method using an example of a curable paste application method (cartridge type) with a hydraulic composition to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 3] This is a perspective view illustrating a kit for a curable paste having a hydraulic composition to which the present invention is applied, and the first half of an anchor element fixing method using another example (pack method) of a curable paste application method. [Figure 4] This is a perspective view illustrating an intermediate step in an anchor element fixing method using another example (pack method) of a curable paste application method to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 5] This is a schematic partial cross-sectional view illustrating the latter half of an anchor element fixing method using another example (pack method) of a curable paste application method to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 6] The graphs show the results of tensile strength tests on anchors fixed to concrete blocks using the hydraulic compositions of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and the graphs show the results of linear expansion tests on hardened bodies prepared using the hydraulic compositions of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0057] The following describes in detail embodiments for carrying out the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0058] An example of the hydraulic composition of the present invention and a method for applying a curable paste using the same, particularly a method for applying a curable paste using a cartridge system, will be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 and 2.

[0059] First, the hydraulic composition of the present invention will be described. The hydraulic composition C1 shown in Figure 1(a) is housed in a permeable cylindrical container 110 and contains a hydraulic component containing Portland cement, alumina cement, and a rapid setting agent, as well as a viscosity modifier, a setting modifier, and fine aggregate.

[0060] The content of Portland cement, alumina cement, rapid setting agent, viscosity modifier, setting regulator, and fine aggregate in the hydraulic composition C1 is preferably in mass ratios of 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40, more preferably 20-50:30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30.

[0061] For example, using Portland cement as a reference, it is preferable that the ratio of alumina cement:accelerating agent:viscosity modifier:setting agent:fine aggregate is 30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40 parts by mass per 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 parts by mass of Portland cement, more preferably 30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass.

[0062] When alumina cement is used as a reference, it is preferable that the ratio of Portland cement:accelerating agent:viscosity modifier:setting agent:fine aggregate to 30, 40, 50, 60, or 70 parts by mass of alumina cement is 20-60:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40 parts by mass, more preferably 20-50:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass.

[0063] When using the rapid setting agent as a reference, it is preferable that the ratio of Portland cement:alumina cement:viscosity modifier:setting agent:fine aggregate is 20-60:30-70:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40 parts by mass of 10, 20, 30, or 40 parts by mass of the rapid setting agent, more preferably 20-50:30-60:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass.

[0064] When using the viscosity modifier as a reference, the ratio of Portland cement:alumina cement:rapid setting agent:setting agent:fine aggregate is preferably 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40 parts by mass per 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1.0 parts by mass of the viscosity modifier, more preferably 20-50:30-60:20-40:1-8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass.

[0065] When using the setting regulator as a reference, it is preferable that the ratio of Portland cement:alumina cement:rapid setting agent:viscosity modifier:fine aggregate is 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:10-40 parts by mass per 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 parts by mass of the setting regulator, more preferably 20-50:30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:10-30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5:15-30 parts by mass.

[0066] When using fine aggregate as a reference, it is preferable that, per 10, 15, 20, or 30 parts by mass of fine aggregate, the ratio of Portland cement:alumina cement:rapid setting agent:viscosity modifier:setting agent is 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10 parts by mass, more preferably 20-50:30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20-40:30-50:20-30:0.1-0.5:1-5 parts by mass.

[0067] The fine aggregate reduces shrinkage that occurs when the curable paste C2 hardens after setting, preventing crack formation in the hardened body C3. It also mitigates the heat generated by the hydration reaction of the hydraulic components, suppressing the temperature rise of the curable paste C2 and preventing excessive fluidity increase and prolonged setting time. The fine aggregate is selected from sands such as silica sand, river sand, sea sand, and crushed sand; inorganic materials such as alumina clinker, silica powder, and limestone; and at least one of crushed urethane, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) foam, and foamed resin, with silica sand being preferred.

[0068] It is preferable that the fine aggregate does not contain coarse particles larger than 1 mm. Specifically, it is preferable that the particle size classification conforming to Table 3 of JIS G5901 (2016) be 4 to 8, more preferably 4 to 7, and even more preferably 4 to 6. By having the particle size classification of the fine aggregate within this range, coarse particles larger than 1 mm can be excluded. The specific particle size distribution in this classification is 600 to 1180 μm for 4.5, 425 to 850 μm for 4.5, 300 to 600 μm for 5.5, 212 to 425 μm for 5.5, 150 to 300 μm for 6, 106 to 212 μm for 6.5, 75 to 150 μm for 7, 53 to 106 μm for 7.5, and 38 to 75 μm for 8.

[0069] The particle size classification is determined by using sieves with three different nominal mesh openings. The mass ratio of fine aggregate on the surface of each sieve to the total mass of the fine aggregate sample is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more.

[0070] Furthermore, the hydraulic composition C1 contains 10 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 15 to 30 parts by mass, of fine aggregate. The fine aggregate content within this range has a lower limit of 8 to 38% by mass, preferably 8 to 25% by mass, and an upper limit of 27 to 67% by mass, preferably 27 to 33% by mass, relative to the entire hydraulic composition C1. In this way, the fine aggregate is fine-grained with a particle size of less than 1.2 mm and has a low content of at most 67% by mass in the hydraulic composition C1, so that the aggregation of the hydraulic composition C1 is not inhibited. If the particle size, content, and content of the fine aggregate exceed the above upper limits, the hydraulic components and fine aggregate will separate during construction using the curable paste C2, and the hardened body C3 will not be able to exhibit the desired strength.

[0071] Viscosity modifiers include, for example, thickeners, and more specifically, natural polysaccharide derivatives that may contain methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose, as well as at least one of these; acrylamide; starch ethers; and polymer electrolytes. Any of these may be used individually or in combination.

[0072] Examples of viscosity modifiers that act as thickeners include commercially available methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose, as well as acrylamide, starch ethers, and polymer electrolytes. Examples include ESAMID HP (manufactured by Lamberti SPA), a natural polysaccharide derivative, and STARVIS S 5514 F, a mixture of dicarboxylic acid ether and polyacrylamide, and STARVIS SE 35 F, a starch ether (both manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.).

[0073] Furthermore, the polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it has a dissociation group in the main chain or side chain of the polymer chain and dissociates in water to become a polymer ion. For example, polymer ions having polymer chains of hydrocarbon, etheric, or aminoic groups, aromatic, heterocyclic, aromatic, amide, and / or organic acid systems that have at least one of the dissociation groups such as carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid or salts thereof, or aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic amino groups or their hydrochloride or sulfate salts, or organic acidic acid salts such as organic acid, alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts, or first to quaternary ammonium groups or organic ammonium groups. Specifically, natural products include alginic acid and its salts, pectin (polygalacturonic acid) or its salts, carboxymethylcellulose or its salts, proteins or polypeptides. Examples of synthetic polymer compounds include polyacrylic acid or its salts, such as sodium polyacrylate; polystyrene sulfonic acid or its salts, such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate; poly(allylamine) or its hydrochloride salts; quaternized poly(vinylpyridine) or its salts; anionic polyacrylamides such as poly(acrylamide / sodium acrylate) copolymers and poly(acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate sodium); anionic group-containing cyclic repeating unit polymers such as poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride); perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid polymers such as Nafion (a trade name of Sigma-Aldrich); semi-aromatic ammonium lonenes; aliphatic ammonium; heterocyclic ammonium lonenes; and alkyl ethers. Examples of ammonium lonenes and free radical-containing polymer compounds include STARVIS 308F (a trade name of BASF Japan), Duramax, Tamol, Romax, and Dowex (all trade names of Dow Chemical), Acusol and Acumer (all trade names of Rohm & Haas), and Dispex and Magnafloc (all trade names of BASF).

[0074] If the hydraulic composition C1 contains a viscosity modifier, when the hydraulic composition C1 is mixed with water to form a hardening paste, it can be adjusted to exhibit a balance between appropriate fluidity that makes it easy to inject into a borehole and appropriate viscosity that prevents it from flowing out even when injected into an upward-facing borehole, thereby achieving both effects. Moreover, because the viscosity modifier causes the hardening paste to exhibit excellent wettability, it adheres to the fine aggregate, increasing its fluidity. As a result, the fine aggregate can easily penetrate the irregularities of the inner surface of the borehole and the irregularities of the anchor element, and harden while remaining trapped. Consequently, when the hardening paste is injected into the borehole and an anchor element such as a reinforcing bar is driven in, the anchor element becomes less likely to come loose and can be firmly fixed in place.

[0075] In the hydraulic composition C1, the viscosity modifier, which is a thickening agent, is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 0.8 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass. If the content exceeds this upper limit, the extrusion resistance from the curable paste C2 pack 10 increases significantly, and a cured body C3 with sufficient strength cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the content is below the lower limit, the viscosity of the curable paste C2 will be insufficient.

[0076] In the hydraulic composition C1, the setting regulator is, for example, a setting time regulator, which adjusts the length of the setting time from the initial setting, when the curable paste C2 loses fluidity, to the final setting, when it begins to harden. The setting regulator adsorbs to the particles of the hydraulic component in the curable paste C2 and coats their surface, suppressing contact between the hydraulic component and water. This allows the hydration reaction of the hydraulic component to proceed gradually, preventing the curable paste C2 from setting too quickly. Examples of setting time regulators include oxycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, m-oxybenzoic acid, and p-oxybenzoic acid, as well as their salts; inorganic carbonates; ligninsulfonic acid or its salts; and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, pentitol, and hexitol. One or more of these can be used. The setting time modifier may be alkali metal salts such as lithium, potassium, and sodium salts of carbonic acid, oxycarboxylic acid, or ligninsulfonic acid, as well as alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium and calcium salts. Among these, sodium citrate, lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and fumed silica (for example, Aerosil (a trade name of Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), which also acts as a strength enhancer) are preferred, and a combination of one or more of trisodium citrate, lithium carbonate, and potassium carbonate is more preferred.

[0077] This hydraulic composition, when containing a setting regulator, prevents heat generation during mixing with water, thus preventing expansion, cracking during cooling, or hardening of the curable paste. It also delays hardening, making it difficult to harden until the curable paste is injected into the borehole, but it hardens rapidly once injected and cured. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for a delay-type fluidizer.

[0078] In the hydraulic composition C1, the setting time regulator is contained in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 8 parts by mass, and more preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass. If the content exceeds this upper limit, the setting time becomes excessively long, and separation of the hydraulic component and fine aggregate occurs before the setting is completed. On the other hand, if the content is below this lower limit, the hydration reaction of the hydraulic component proceeds rapidly, and the hardening paste C2 hardens immediately after the start of setting, causing cracks to form in the hardened body C3, impairing its appearance, and causing water to leak from the cracks even when used as a waterproofing material.

[0079] The hydraulic component of hydraulic composition C1 is an M-type expansive cement that essentially contains Portland cement, alumina cement, and a rapid-setting agent. Portland cement mainly consists of silica (SiO2) and calcia (CaO), for example, containing 20-25% by mass of silica and 60-70% by mass of calcia. In addition, it contains 1-6% by mass each of alumina (Al2O3), magnesia (MgO), and iron oxide (Fe2O3). These components exist, for example, as calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, and calcium aluminoferrite.

[0080] Examples of Portland cement include ordinary Portland cement, rapid-hardening Portland cement, ultra-rapid-hardening Portland cement, moderate-heat Portland cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement, and white Portland cement. Among these, rapid-hardening Portland cement is preferred. Only one type of Portland cement may be used, or multiple types may be mixed and used. The hydraulic composition C1 contains 20 to 60 parts by mass, preferably 20 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass of Portland cement.

[0081] Alumina cement is a special cement whose main component is calcium aluminate (CaO·Al2O3), and examples include those containing 20-40% by mass of calcia and 40-80% by mass of alumina. In the hydraulic composition C1, alumina cement is contained in an amount of 30-70 parts by mass, preferably 30-60 parts by mass, and more preferably 30-50 parts by mass.

[0082] Portland cement and alumina cement are finely powdered cement powders, preferably with an average particle size of 10 to 50 μm, more preferably 20 to 40 μm, and even more preferably 20 to 30 μm. The average particle size refers to the volume-based distribution measured by laser diffraction and scattering. An example of a device for measuring such an average particle size is the Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer SALD-3100-WJA1:V1.00 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). Because the cement powder is such a fine powder, chemical coagulation due to hydration of the cement powder caused by water absorption and physical coagulation due to the surface potential of the cement powder are more likely to occur. As a result, due to chemical coagulation, physical coagulation, or a synergistic effect of both, the hardening paste C2 injected into cracks in the ceiling or walls of concrete structures, for example, is less likely to leak out.

[0083] Examples of rapid setting agents include sulfates such as sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and calcium sulfate, and one or more of these can be used. As calcium sulfate, gypsum such as anhydrous gypsum (CaSO4), hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO4·1 / 2H2O), and dihydrate gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) are preferred from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of ettringite produced, which will be described later. These rapid setting agents may be used individually or in a mixture of multiple types. The hydraulic composition C1 contains 10 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 30 parts by mass of the rapid setting agent.

[0084] Hydraulic composition C1 preferably does not contain a retarding fluidizer. However, it may contain a strength enhancer. Strength enhancers include silica powders such as silica fume, blast furnace slag powder and / or fly ash, which are silica fine particles, and kaolin (kaolin containing silica and alumina, calcined kaolin, etc.). Retarding fluidizers include sulfonic acid-based fluidizers such as naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensate, melamine sulfonic acid formalin condensate, aromatic sulfonic acid formalin condensate, polystyrene sulfonic acid, lignin sulfonic acid, and salts thereof; and carboxylic acid-based fluidizers such as polycarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

[0085] As time passes, the hardening paste C2 undergoes a hydration reaction of its hydraulic components, causing it to set and then harden. Specifically, the reaction between calcium aluminate, gypsum, and water in the alumina cement proceeds to produce ettringite (3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O), which is calcium aluminate sulfate hydrate. Furthermore, as the gypsum, which acts as a rapid setter, is consumed, the ettringite reacts with the calcium aluminate (aluminate phase) in the alumina cement to produce monosulfate hydrate. Calcium sulfoaluminate hydrates such as ettringite and monosulfate hydrate are bulky, water-insoluble needle-shaped crystals, and as they grow, the hardening paste C2 expands and sets, gradually hardening. Moreover, the gypsum, which acts as a rapid setter, becomes a source of calcium sulfate, increasing the amount of ettringite produced and forming a high-strength hardened body C3.

[0086] The hardening paste C2 contains calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), which is formed when calcia in alumina cement is dissolved in water. Silica fume and kaolin, contained in the strength enhancers, undergo a so-called pozzolanic reaction with this calcium hydroxide, producing water-insoluble hydrates. This results in the formation of fine, dense crystals of, for example, calcium silicate hydrate (3CaO·2SiO2·3H2O) or calcium aluminate hydrate (3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O), which harden the hardening paste to high strength. In particular, compared to blast furnace slag, which is powdered by crushing, and fly ash, which is coal ash and therefore forms relatively large spherical particles, the particles of calcined kaolin are finer and have a large surface area per unit mass. Therefore, silica fume and calcined kaolin have much higher pozzolanic activity than other siliceous powders, producing dense hydrate crystals and imparting high compressive strength to the hardened body C3.

[0087] Thus, because the hydraulic composition C1 contains alumina cement, a rapid setting agent such as gypsum, and a strength enhancer mainly composed of kaolin, its hardened body C3 exhibits rapid strengthening, developing high strength within a few hours to about one day after application.

[0088] In parallel with the formation of ettringite and the pozzolanic reaction, the hydration reaction of calcium silicate in Portland cement proceeds, producing a hardened calcium silicate hydrate C3, such as tobermorite crystals. As a result, the hydration reaction of calcium silicate is slower than that of calcium aluminate, and Portland cement excels at maintaining high strength over long periods, such as 7 days to several months after construction.

[0089] Thus, the hydraulic composition C1 contains Portland cement, alumina cement, a rapid setting agent, a strength enhancer, fine aggregate, a setting time adjuster, and a viscosity adjuster, and these are combined in a certain range of compositional ratios. This extends the time until setting begins, giving workers sufficient time for construction. As a result, even inexperienced workers can perform tasks such as fixing tiles and filling joints with ample time to spare.

[0090] The compressive strength of the hardened body C3 obtained from this hydraulic composition C1 (according to JIS A1108 (2006)) is 55 N / mm² just one day after application at a curing temperature of 20-25°C. 2 It reached 65 N / mm after 7 days. 2 80 N / mm after 28 days 2 It improves to this extent.

[0091] Furthermore, the hardening paste C2 exhibits a flow rate of 40 to 90 seconds (in accordance with the JSCE-F 541-2013 test method for the fluidity test of filling mortar (J14 funnel test) specified in the Standard Specifications for Concrete). It also shows high fluidity in the flow test (in accordance with JIS R5201 (2015)). Therefore, workers can easily push the hardening paste C2 out of the bag 11 by hand 31,32 without requiring much force, and it can be suitably used in applications where relatively high strength is required for the hardened body C3, such as grout for construction work.

[0092] The hydraulic composition C1 may further contain a thickening agent in addition to a strength enhancer such as silica microparticles that exhibit a thickening effect. The thickening agent exhibits a thickening effect like a binder that binds the hydraulic component particles together. Furthermore, it imparts an appropriate viscosity to the curable paste C2, preventing separation due to differences in specific gravity between hydraulic components in the curable paste C2 and separation from water due to sedimentation of hydraulic components. This promotes uniform dispersion of particles in the curable paste C2 and reduces the extrusion resistance from the pack 10. Moreover, the thickening agent causes the curable paste C2 to exhibit thixotropy, so when the external force is removed, its viscosity increases and its fluidity decreases. As a result, for example, when used in mortar molding to decorate vertical walls, the curable paste C2 does not drip, resulting in good workability.

[0093] While a hydraulic composition containing cement was given as an example of a curable composition, other hydraulic compositions include hydraulic slag (granulated blast furnace slag), hydraulic lime (CaO·SiO2-containing slaked lime), gypsum, starch, protein, and hydraulic urethane (for example, Ortac Act ("Ortac" is a registered trademark) manufactured by Tajima Roofing Co., Ltd.), which harden when mixed with water to form a curable paste. Furthermore, the curable composition is not limited to hydraulic compositions, and may also be bisphenol A, which hardens when reacted with epichlorohydrin to produce polycarbonate.

[0094] Next, a cartridge-type curable paste application method using the above-mentioned hydraulic composition will be described.

[0095] Figures 1 and 2 show an anchor element fixing method using a cartridge-type curable paste application method. Figure 1 shows an example of the first half of the anchor element fixing method using a cartridge-type curable paste application method. The fixing agent capsule 100 shown in Figure 1(a) has a water-permeable cylindrical container 110 and a powdered hydraulic composition C1 enclosed therein. The fixing agent capsule 100 has a substantially cylindrical shape with narrowed ends. The water-permeable cylindrical container 110 is made of a nonwoven sheet, for example, paper and resin fibers, which has good water permeability and easy breakage.

[0096] The permeable cylindrical container 110 is preferably made of a nonwoven sheet having high water permeability and easy shattering properties. Examples of such nonwoven sheets include fine paper, medium-quality paper, kraft paper, Kent paper, imitation paper, crepe paper, heatron paper, cone paper, and Japanese paper. The raw materials may be any one of the following: wood pulp such as pulp made from coniferous trees or pulp made from hardwoods, non-wood pulp such as mitsumata, straw, bagasse, reed, kenaf, mulberry, etc., or recycled paper pulp, or a mixture of several of these. The paper may also be synthetic fiber paper such as rayon paper or acetate paper.

[0097] The nonwoven sheet may contain resin in addition to paper. This prevents it from being easily damaged during transportation, storage, or installation, and prevents leakage of the hydraulic composition C1 contained within. Examples of such resins include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polytributylene terephthalate; polyamide resins such as nylon 6, nylon 66, and aramid; and polyacrylic resins mainly composed of acrylonitrile.

[0098] As shown in Figure 1(a), water W is collected in tray 200. Tap water is preferred as it is readily available at the construction site. The temperature of water W is preferably 5 to 30°C, and more preferably 15 to 25°C. If the temperature of water W exceeds this upper limit, the pot life of the curable paste C2 becomes extremely short, and it reaches the setting endpoint before the curable paste application method is completed (see Figure 2). On the other hand, if this temperature is below the lower limit, it prolongs the curing time of the cured body C3, which is the cured product of the curable paste C2 (see Figure 2(f)), or causes a decrease in its strength. Fixing agent capsules 100 are immersed in water W, and the water W is absorbed by the hydraulic composition C1. The water W passes through the permeable cylindrical container 110 and penetrates the powdered hydraulic composition C1. The water W enters between the particles of the hydraulic component contained in the hydraulic composition C1, causing them to adhere to each other. As a result, the hydraulic composition C1 aggregates.

[0099] The length L of the fixing agent capsule 100 from the tip to the base is preferably, for example, 100 to 400 mm, specifically 200 to 400 mm, more preferably 200 to 350 mm, even more preferably 200 to 300 mm, and even more preferably 250 to 300 mm. The diameter D in this case is preferably, for example, 10 to 40 mm, specifically 20 to 40 mm, more preferably 20 to 35 mm, and even more preferably 30 to 35 mm. Having the length L within this range makes it easy to store and transport the fixing agent capsule 100, provides good handling properties, and prevents damage to the permeable cylindrical container 110 caused by bending during manual handling.

[0100] Furthermore, by changing the value of diameter D, the time required for the hydraulic composition C1 to absorb the required amount of water W, i.e., the immersion time in water W, can be changed. When diameter D is within the above range, the immersion time can be reduced to 5 minutes or less, specifically to a short time of 3 to 5 minutes, and even with such a short immersion time, a water absorption rate of 25 to 32% by mass can be obtained. The water absorption rate is expressed as a percentage obtained by dividing the weight before immersion in water by the weight after immersion. The required amount of water W is the upper limit of the amount of water W that the hydraulic composition C1 can absorb. Therefore, even if the fixing agent capsule 100 is immersed in water W for longer than this immersion time, the hydraulic composition C1 will not absorb more water W than the required amount. Moreover, at least after the above immersion time has elapsed, the amount of water W absorbed will not be insufficient. Furthermore, unlike pouring water into a cylinder cartridge containing the hydraulic composition, water W can be brought into contact with the hydraulic composition C1 evenly without causing uneven distribution of water within the hydraulic composition.

[0101] The fixing agent capsule 100 is removed from the water W. The permeable cylindrical container 110 contains resin fibers, so even when wet, it maintains enough strength to be handled by hand without leaking the hydraulic composition C1. As shown in Figure 1(b), a part of the permeable cylindrical container 110 is broken with one end of the fixing agent capsule 100, and then the permeable cylindrical container 110 is peeled back and broken towards the other end to expose the aggregate Ca of the hydraulic composition C1, thereby removing it. The aggregate Ca is then removed from the permeable cylindrical container 110. The aggregate Ca has solidified as if it were undergoing pseudo-coagulation, so it can maintain a roughly cylindrical shape even though the permeable cylindrical container 110 has been removed. Therefore, the aggregate Ca can be grasped and handled by hand.

[0102] The cylinder cartridge 300 shown in Figure 1(b) has a cylindrical body 320 with an opening 330 at its base end, and a tip 310 that protrudes from the tip of the cylindrical body 320 away from the opening 330. The tip 310 is connected to the interior of the cylindrical body 320, connecting the interior of the cylindrical body 320 to the outside world. A male thread is provided on the outer surface of the tip 310, and a cap 310a with a female thread on its inner surface is screwed into the male thread of the tip 310. The aggregated Ca taken from the permeable cylindrical container 110 is inserted into the cylindrical body 320 through the opening 330.

[0103] Figure 1(c) shows the stirring process of the aggregated Ca. The stirrer 400 has a rotating rod 420 having two stirring blades 430 protruding from its tip, and a rotating tool 410 connected to the base end of the rotating rod 420, which rotates the rotating rod 420 together with the stirring blades 430 around the central axis of the rotating rod 420. The stirring blade 430 has an oval-shaped plate portion 430b having two opposing straight sides and two arc-shaped sides connecting one end of these two sides and the other end of these sides, protruding portions 430d that protrude along the arc of the two arc-shaped sides, an opening 430a opened point-symmetrically in the plate portion 430b, and a tongue-shaped portion 430c that is partially connected to the opening 430a and protrudes in the direction away from the protruding portion 430d. The stirring blade 430 is fixed by welding to the rotating rod 420 which passes through the center of the plate portion 430b flanking the opening 430a. The two stirring blades 430 are fixed in series to the rotating rod 420 so that their tongue-shaped portions 430c face each other and intersect.

[0104] The stirring blade 430, along with the rotating rod 420, is inserted into the cylindrical body 320. When the rotating tool 410 is operated, the rotating rod 420 and the stirring blade 430 rotate. The aggregate Ca inside the cylinder cartridge 300 comes into contact with the stirring blade 430 and is stirred. The stirring time is preferably 5 to 60 seconds, more preferably 20 to 60 seconds, and even more preferably 20 to 40 seconds. When stirring the aggregate Ca and the curable paste C2, the cylinder cartridge 300 may be fixed vertically with the opening 330 facing upwards and the tip 310 facing downwards to prevent leakage of the curable paste C2 from the opening 330.

[0105] By being stirred, the aggregated Ca particles are uniformly dispersed, and the aggregated Ca transforms into a curable paste C2 as shown in Figure 1(d). The curable paste C2 has fluidity. By pre-processing the aggregated Ca into a curable paste C2, the extrusion resistance when pushing the curable paste C2 from the cylinder cartridge 300 and injecting it into the borehole (see Figure 2(c)) can be significantly reduced compared to pushing out the aggregated Ca as is, thereby reducing the burden on the operator.

[0106] Next, as shown in Figure 1(d), a lid 340, which is disc-shaped and slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 320 and the opening 330, is fitted into the opening 330. The lid 340 can move inside the cylindrical body 320 in response to pressure applied toward the tip of the cylinder 310. Next, the injection tube 310c is connected to a nozzle 310b, which has the same female thread as the cap 310a on its base end and an outlet opening at its tip. The injection tube 310c and the tip of the nozzle 310b, which gradually narrows toward the outlet, are secured together with a fastener 310d. Vinyl tape is wrapped around the middle of the injection tube 310c and attached to form an injection volume indicator mark 310e. This injection volume indicator mark 310e is positioned to be exposed from the opening of the drilled hole when the amount of hardening paste C2 injected into the drilled hole is sufficient to satisfy the difference between the volume of the drilled hole in a concrete structure such as a concrete slab and the volume of the anchor element to be inserted into it (see Figure 2(d)). Furthermore, the cap 310a is removed, and the nozzle 310b, to which the injection tube 310c is connected, is screwed onto the tip 310.

[0107] The injection gun 500 shown in Figure 1(e) has a curved gutter shape with a diameter somewhat larger than the cylindrical body 320 of the cylinder cartridge 300 and includes a cylindrical support portion 520 that supports the cylindrical body 320, a tip support portion 510 erected at the tip of the cylindrical support portion 520 and supporting the tip side of the cylindrical body 320, a base end portion 550 provided at the base end of the cylindrical support portion 520, an operating portion 540 fixed to the base end portion 550, a piston 530 that can move between the tip support portion 510 and the base end portion 550 on the cylindrical support portion 520, and a discharge rod 560 that is connected to the piston 530 at one end, extends through the base end portion 550 and the operating portion 540, and is curved to bend back at the other end.

[0108] The tip support portion 510 has two claws so as to support the cylinder cartridge 300 by contacting the tip side of the cylindrical body 320 without contacting the nozzle 310. The operating portion 540 has a grip portion 540b which is grasped by the operator's palm and thumb, and a trigger 540a which the operator's fingers other than the thumb can be placed on. The trigger 540a and the dispensing rod 560 are connected, for example, via a ratchet mechanism. When the trigger 540a is pulled and moves toward the grip portion 540b, the dispensing rod 560 is sent toward the tip support portion 510, and the piston 530 moves along the cylindrical body support portion 520. The piston 530 is disc-shaped with a diameter smaller than the cylindrical body 320 and the opening 330 so as to move into the cylindrical body 320 from the opening 330 of the cylinder cartridge 300 set in the injection gun 500 and press against the lid 340.

[0109] The lid 340 is fitted into the opening 330, and the dispensing rod 560 is pulled away from the tip support portion 510 to move the piston 53 toward the base end portion 550. The cylinder cartridge 300 is set in the injection gun 500 so that the nozzle 310 protrudes between the two claws of the tip support portion 510. Next, the trigger 540a is pulled several times to move the piston 530 toward the tip support portion 510 until it contacts the lid 340.

[0110] The injection gun 500 may be connected to a compressor (not shown) that generates compressed air, and this compressed air may be used to send out the delivery rod 560 in response to the operation of the trigger 540a. This would reduce the burden on the operator who operates the trigger 540a.

[0111] Figure 2 shows an example of the latter half of the anchor element fixing method using a cartridge-type hardening paste application method. The figure shows the process of attaching the support posts for fixing the rockfall protection net to the concrete using the cartridge-type hardening paste application method.

[0112] The reinforced concrete 61 shown in Figure 2(a) is formed by concrete reinforcement work on the slope 62, covering the slope 62 with a substantially uniform thickness. Therefore, the surface 61a of the reinforced concrete 61 is inclined. The worker sets a core boring machine 71 on the surface 61a and rotates the core drill 71a attached to its tip to form a cylindrical bore 61b.

[0113] As shown in Figure 2(b), the operator inserts the injection tube 310c into the borehole 61b until its tip contacts the bottom surface 61b1 of the borehole 61b. Next, as shown in Figure 2(c), the operator pulls the trigger 540a. The curable paste C2 is pushed out and injected into the borehole 61b from the injection tube 310c. At this time, the operator continues to inject the curable paste C2 while gradually moving the injection gun 500 together with the cylinder cartridge 300 in the direction X away from the opening of the borehole 61b, while keeping the tip of the injection tube 310c in contact with the liquid surface of the curable paste C2. As a result, the amount of curable paste C2 injected into the borehole 61b increases, and the injection tube 310c moves in the direction away from the borehole 61b. Furthermore, the operator can sense the pressure of the curable paste C2 as its liquid level moves toward the opening of the borehole 61b. This allows the operator to recognize that the curable paste C2 is being injected smoothly. As the operator continues this operation, the injection volume indicator mark 310e will appear and disappear at the opening of the borehole 61b, as shown in Figure (d). When the operator visually confirms that the injection volume indicator mark 310e has appeared and disappeared at the opening of the borehole 61b, they release the trigger 540a to end the injection. In this way, the operator can inject the curable paste C2 while leaving a space in the borehole 61b equal to the volume of the anchor element, simply by performing the easy and straightforward task of moving the injection gun 500 while keeping an eye on the opening of the borehole 61b. As a result, when the anchor element is inserted into the borehole 61b, the uneconomical situation of a large amount of hardening paste C2 overflowing from the opening of the borehole 61b can be prevented.

[0114] As described above, the injection tube 310c is marked with an injection volume indicator mark 310e, and by performing the injection process as described above, the operator can inject the appropriate amount of curable paste C2 into the borehole 61b without excess or deficiency. In particular, when inserting the anchor bolt 81, which is an anchor element, into the borehole 61b after the injection process of curable paste C2 (see Figure 2(e)), waste such as excessive injection of curable paste C2 causing a large amount of curable paste C2 to overflow from the borehole 61b, and construction defects due to insufficient injection are prevented. Furthermore, by simply visually checking the injection volume indicator mark 310e, it is possible to determine, for example, the amount of curable paste C2 required per borehole 61b, and to determine the number of boreholes 61b that can be injected and filled per cylinder cartridge.

[0115] Figure 2(e) shows the process of driving in the anchor element. The anchor element, the anchor bolt 81, is a long, roughly cylindrical shape and has a base end (see Figure 2(f)) which is a surface approximately perpendicular to its central axis, and a tip which has an elliptical surface due to being inclined with respect to the surface of the base end. As a result, the tip of the anchor bolt 81 is sharply pointed, making it easy to insert into the borehole 61b filled with hardening paste C2. Multiple ribs 81a protrude from the tip to the middle of the anchor bolt 81. A male thread 81b is provided on the surface of the base end of the anchor bolt 81. A nut 83 for fixing the support column of the rockfall protection net is screwed onto this male thread 81b (see Figure 2(f)). The total length of the anchor bolt 81 is greater than the drilling length (depth) of the drilling hole 61b so as to satisfy the anchoring length of the anchor bolt specified in the standard and so that when the male thread 81b is driven into the drilling hole 61b, the male thread 81b protrudes from the opening of the drilling hole 61b.

[0116] The worker grasps the base end of the anchor bolt 81 with their hand 31 and inserts it into the hardening paste C2 in the borehole 61b while rotating it around its central axis to prevent air from entering the hardening paste C2. Due to the moderate fluidity of the hardening paste C2 and the sharp tip of the anchor bolt 81, the worker can drive the anchor bolt 81 into the borehole 61b filled with hardening paste C2 without requiring much force. The worker performs this process within the pot life, which is the time from when the hardening paste C2 has finished absorbing water until it begins to solidify. If the pot life is exceeded, the fluidity of the hardening paste C2, which has reached the beginning of solidification, will gradually decrease, increasing the resistance to driving in the anchor bolt 81, making it difficult to drive it in manually with the hand 31.

[0117] The worker supports the anchor bolt 81 with their hand 90 within the borehole 61b so that it is at a predetermined angle. As the curable paste C2 reaches the final setting stage and begins to harden, the anchor bolt 81 remains fixed in the borehole 61b at the predetermined angle without requiring the worker's support. The worker removes any excess curable paste C2 that has spilled out of the borehole 61b as needed.

[0118] Figure 2(f) shows the reinforced concrete 61 after going through the processes shown in Figures 2(a) to (e). The hardened body C3 formed by the hardening of the hardening paste C2 seals the opening of the drilled hole 61b and is densely filled between the inner wall surface of the drilled hole 61b and the anchor bolt 81. The anchor bolt 81 is fixed to the reinforced concrete 61, and a nut 83 is screwed onto the male thread 81b at its base end to fix the support column 82. The anchoring effect of the rib 81a improves the pull-out strength of the anchor bolt 81 from the hardened body C3.

[0119] Thus, with the cartridge-type curable paste application method using the hydraulic composition of the present invention, the required amount of water W can be absorbed by the hydraulic composition C1 simply by immersing the fixing agent capsule 100 in water W for a predetermined time. Therefore, there is no need to pour water into the cartridge, which may cause spillage or measurement errors, nor is there any need to shake the cartridge after pouring water. As a result, even inexperienced workers can perform the work easily and reliably, enabling uniform application, simplifying application management, and improving application efficiency.

[0120] As a result, the worker does not need to strictly control the immersion time of the fixing agent capsule 100 in water W, and can reliably perform the steps from the removal of the water-permeable cylindrical container 110 of the fixing agent capsule 100 (see Figure 1(b)) to the insertion of the anchor bolt 81 into the drilled hole 61b (see Figure 2(e)) with ample time.

[0121] Furthermore, after the injection process of the curable paste C2 is completed and all of the curable paste C2 in the cylindrical body 320 of the cylinder cartridge 300 has been discharged from the injection tube 310c and the cylindrical body 320 is empty, a step of cleaning the inner wall surface of the cylindrical body 320 may be performed. In this case, it is preferable that the piston 530 of the injection gun 500 also serves as the lid 340. In this case, the operator can pull the delivery rod 560 to remove the piston 530 (lid 340) from the opening 330 and then clean the inner wall of the cylindrical body 320 (see Figures 1(d) and (e)). Furthermore, it is preferable to perform this cleaning after removing the nozzle 310b from the cylindrical body 320. It is even more preferable to loosen the fastener 310d to remove the injection tube 310c from the nozzle 310b and clean both the nozzle 310b and the injection tube 310c. In this cleaning step, the curable paste C2 may be scraped off using water or a brush. The cleaning process allows the cylindrical body 310, nozzle 310b, and injection tube 310c to be reused instead of being discarded, thus contributing to a reduction in waste and construction costs. This cleaning process may be performed immediately after the injection process of the curable paste C2, or after the completion of the subsequent anchor bolt 81 insertion process.

[0122] Furthermore, the tip of the anchor element may have a so-called threaded rod shape, pyramidal shape, conical shape, or hemispherical shape, having a surface parallel to the base end surface of the anchor element; it may have a so-called double-sided cut shape, having two slopes formed by extending from opposing arcs at the tip of the anchor element in the direction of extension of the tip, and sharing sides opposite to the arcs; or it may have a so-called bifurcated tip shape, having two slopes formed by extending from opposing arcs at the tip of the anchor element in the direction of the base end, and sharing sides opposite to the arcs.

[0123] Alternatively, the fixing agent capsule 100, which has been immersed in water W for a predetermined time, may be removed and inserted directly into the borehole. After inserting the water-absorbing fixing agent capsule 100 into the borehole, the anchor bolt is then inserted into the borehole while striking the base end of the pointed anchor bolt. This causes the permeable cylindrical container 110 to break, and the curable paste C2 flows into the borehole. The anchor bolt advances through the borehole, pushing aside the curable paste C2. The hardened body C3 formed by the hardening of the curable paste C2 seals the opening of the borehole and densely fills the space between the inner wall of the borehole and the anchor bolt.

[0124] Furthermore, another example of the curable paste application method of the present invention, specifically a pack-type curable paste application method and a curable paste application kit used therein, will be described with reference to Figures 3 to 5.

[0125] Figures 3 to 5 show an anchor element fixing method using a pack-type curable paste application method. Figure 3 shows the first half of the anchor element fixing method using a pack-type curable paste application method. As shown in Figure 3(a), the pack-type curable paste application method uses a curable paste application kit 1 which comprises a pack 10 containing only a hydraulic composition C1, a powder containing cement as a curable composition, in a bag 11, and a bottle 21, a container containing water W as a liquid agent required to harden the hydraulic composition C1. The hydraulic composition C1 changes into a curable paste C2 (see Figure 4(b)) when it comes into contact with water W and is mixed, and then undergoes a hydration reaction to solidify and harden, producing a hardened body C3 (see Figure 5(f)).

[0126] Pack 10 has a bag body 11 having a welded band 11a formed by welding together roughly rectangular films at their periphery in a band of a certain width, and a port 12 fixed to the upper edge portion 11a1 of the bag body 11. The port 12 has a cylindrical portion 12a that connects the inside of the bag body 11 to the outside, and a base portion 12b that is connected to the base of the cylindrical portion 12a and welded to the upper edge portion 11a1. A male thread is provided on the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 12a (see Figure 3(c)), which is screwed into a female thread on the inner surface of the cap 13. In this way, the cap 13 is attached to the cylindrical portion 12a.

[0127] In the bag body 11, the lengths of the upper edge portion 11a1 having the port 12 and the lower edge portion 11a3 opposite it are preferably shorter than the length of the side edge portion 11a2 of the bag body 11. Specifically, the outer dimensions of the bag body 11 are such that the length (width) of the upper edge portion 11a1 and the lower edge portion 11a3 is preferably 50 to 300 mm, more preferably 100 to 250 mm, and even more preferably 100 to 200 mm. The length (vertical) of the side edge portion 11a2 is preferably 100 to 500 mm, more preferably 250 to 500 mm, even more preferably 250 to 400 mm, and even more preferably 300 to 400 mm. The outer dimensions of the bag body 11 are determined within these ranges according to the amount (mass and volume) of the hydraulic composition C1 to be contained and the amount (mass and volume) of water W injected into the bag body 11. Furthermore, when the bag 11 is standing upright, it is preferable that the flattened upper surface of the hydraulic composition C1 is located between the upper edge portion 11a1 and the lower edge portion 11a3, closer to the lower edge portion 11a3, that is, in the lower half of the bag 11 in the vertical direction.

[0128] Furthermore, the mass of the hydraulic composition C1 contained in the bag 11 is between 100 and 3000 g. The amount can be any amount within this range, and can be appropriately selected according to the number of installation locations and the thickness and length of the anchor elements to be fixed, for example, slightly less than 300 g, 500 g, 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, and 2500 g. If the mass of the hydraulic composition C1 contained in the bag 11 exceeds 3000 g, as will be described later, the hardening paste C2 (see Figures 5(b) to (d)) prepared by adding water W to the hydraulic composition C1 becomes too heavy, reducing its workability by hand.

[0129] For example, the weight of the hydraulic composition C1 contained in the bag 11 is preferably 100 to 2000 g, but if it exceeds 500 g, the total weight of the hydraulic composition C1 per bag and the amount of water required to harden it becomes heavy, which places a considerable physical burden on the user when mixing it on-site by kneading or stepping on it. Therefore, if the amount of hydraulic composition C1 per bag is 500 g or less, preferably 200 to 400 g, the total weight including the amount of water required to harden it will only be about twice as much, making it relatively light, easy to carry, and relatively compact. This allows for uniform mixing by kneading or stepping on it on-site in a shorter time without much physical burden, and it also makes it easier to dispense. For example, if 780g of hydraulic composition C1 is contained in a bag 11 approximately 150mm wide and 350mm long, it takes about 1.5 to 3 minutes to mix it with a predetermined amount of water. In contrast, if 280g of hydraulic composition C1 is contained in a bag 11 approximately 100mm wide and 320mm long, it takes less than 1 minute to uniformly mix it with a predetermined amount of water.

[0130] The bag 11 is made of a relatively thick film of a resin that is impermeable to water and has high strength, such as polyamide. The thickness of this film is preferably 100 to 250 μm, more preferably 100 to 180 μm, and even more preferably 100 to 150 μm. Such a bag 11 is not damaged by vibrations or friction that occur during transportation or storage, and since the tip opening of the cylindrical portion 12a is sealed by the cap 13, the hydraulic composition C1 does not come into accidental contact with water.

[0131] Furthermore, it is preferable that the film be colorless and transparent or semi-transparent and colored in any color such as white or blue, so that the hydraulic composition C1, curable paste C2, and water W inside the bag 11 can be seen through the bag 11.

[0132] Meanwhile, bottle 21 contains a specified amount of water W corresponding to the mass of the hydraulic composition C1. For example, Izer Pure Water (250 mL, manufactured by Axis Co., Ltd., product name) is commercially available as a bottle 21 containing water W. However, transporting a bottle 21 filled with water to the work site is quite troublesome. Therefore, it is simpler and more efficient to transport an empty bottle 21 to the work site and pour a specified amount of easily available water, such as tap water, into the bottle 21 at the work site. A cap (not shown) that liquid-tightly seals the tip opening of the bottle 21 containing water W is screwed onto the cylindrical opening 21a of the bottle 21 until just before use. Furthermore, since bottle 21 is molded from a hard resin such as polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate, it has excellent shape retention, can maintain its external shape without deforming due to the flow of water W, and is not damaged by vibration or friction. Therefore, water W will not leak unexpectedly from bottle 21 during transport or storage.

[0133] Thus, since the hydraulic composition C1 and water W are contained separately in the bag 11 and bottle 21, accidental contact between the two is reliably avoided. Furthermore, because the water W is contained in the shape-retaining bottle 21, handling during transport and storage is excellent. In addition, since it is not necessary to transport the hydraulic composition C1 and water W simultaneously, the materials for preparing the curable paste can be dispersed and carried to any location. Consequently, when a large amount of curable paste needs to be prepared, the effort required for transport can be reduced compared to transporting a pouch container in which the hydraulic composition and water are inseparably contained.

[0134] Immediately before preparing the curable paste C2, the operator removes the cap attached to the cylinder opening 21a and replaces it with an injection nozzle 22, which is fitted to the injection opening 21a in a liquid-tight manner. The injection nozzle 22 has a cap-shaped attachment portion 22a that is screwed onto the bottle 21 at its base end, and a conical portion 22b that extends upward while gradually decreasing in diameter on its upper surface. As a result, the conical portion 22b forms a tapered truncated cone-shaped cylinder. On the outer surface of the conical portion 22b, a rib 22c protrudes between its tip and the upper surface of the attachment portion 22a. The rib 22c protrudes in four directions along the orthogonal diameters of the circular cross-section of the conical portion 22b, and at a constant height along the taper of the conical portion 22b. Note that although an example with the rib 22c is shown in Figure 3, it is not necessary to have it.

[0135] Next, as shown in Figure 3(b), the worker removes the cap 13 and places the pack 10 on a suitable flat surface (not shown) so that it stands upright. The worker then uses their right hand 31 to grasp the cylindrical portion 12a of the port 12 so that it points slightly downwards, and folds the bag 11 closer to the upper edge 11a1 than the upper surface of the hydraulic composition C1. This prevents the hydraulic composition C1 from leaking from the tip opening of the cylindrical portion 12a. Next, the worker grasps the bottle 21 with their left hand 32 and inserts the conical portion 22b into the tip opening of the cylindrical portion 12a from its tip. At this time, the tip of the conical portion 22b must be positioned above the bottom of the bottle 21, otherwise the injection nozzle 22 cannot be inserted into the port 12, and water W will not leak from the tip opening of the conical portion 22b.

[0136] The taper of the conical portion 22b, or the rib 22c provided as needed, bites into the opening of the cylindrical portion 12a and fits into it. At this time, since the rib 22c protrudes from the outer surface of the conical portion 22b, a gap S corresponding to the height of the rib 22c is formed between the outer surface of the conical portion 22b and the opening of the cylindrical portion 12a (see Figure (c)). The port 12 and the injection nozzle 22 are connected in this way, thereby linking the pack 10 and the bottle 21.

[0137] As shown in Figure 3(c), the worker supports the upper edge 11a1 of the bag 11 with their right hand 31 to hold the pack 10 upright, and then inverts the bottle 21 so that the bottom of the bottle 21 is facing upwards and the injection nozzle 22 is facing downwards. As a result, the water W in the bottle 21 is poured into the bag 11 through the injection nozzle 22. In response to the inflow of water W into the bag 11, the air inside the bag 11 is expelled through the gap S. In this way, since the pack 10 and the bottle 21 are integrally connected by the injection nozzle 22, a predetermined amount of water W that has been measured in advance can be reliably absorbed by the hydraulic composition C1 without any spillage, and quickly by the expulsion of air. After visually confirming that the entire amount of water W in the bottle 21 has been poured into the bag 11, the worker removes the injection nozzle 22 from the cylindrical part 12a and releases the connection between the pack 10 and the bottle 21.

[0138] The amount of water W per 100 parts by mass of the hydraulic composition C1 is preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass, more preferably 25 to 40 parts by mass, and even more preferably 25 to 35 parts by mass. If the amount of water W is below this lower limit, there will be insufficient water W to prepare a curable paste C2 with appropriate fluidity, resulting in reduced workability for repairing cracks and filling tile joints. On the other hand, if the amount of water W exceeds this upper limit, the curable paste C2 will exhibit excessive fluidity, resulting in poor crack filling ability and prolonging the curing time until hardening. Furthermore, the water temperature is preferably 3 to 50°C, and more preferably 10 to 20°C.

[0139] Figure 4 shows the intermediate step in the anchor element fixing method using a pack-type curable paste application method. As shown in Figure (a), the cap 13 is screwed onto the cylindrical portion 12a to seal the bag 11. Since the cap 13 covers the tip opening of the cylindrical portion 12a and seals it liquid-tight, the hydraulic composition C1 and water W inside the bag 11 do not leak. The worker grasps the pack 10 with both hands 31, 32 and kneads or presses the bag 11. As a result, the bag 11 deforms, the hydraulic composition C1 and water W are mixed, and the curable paste C2 is prepared.

[0140] If necessary, the pack 10 may be inverted so that the upper edge 11a1 is facing downwards and the lower edge 11a3 is facing upwards, or the pack 10 may be shaken back and forth horizontally or vertically, or the bag body 11 may be folded. Alternatively, after adding water, the pack may be pre-mixed by shaking it vigorously up and down about 10 times, then turning the pack upside down and shaking it vigorously up and down again about 10 times, repeating this procedure 4 to 5 times to ensure that the water is distributed throughout the cement. Note that air A may occupy part of the volume of the inside of the bag body 11 along with the hydraulic composition C1 and water W. In this process, it is not necessary to knead or press the bag body 11 with such force and for such a long time that the water W injected from above the hydraulic composition C1 reaches the vicinity of the lower edge 11a3. This is because, if necessary, they can be thoroughly mixed later using a pressing tool, and it would increase the burden on the worker and there is a risk that the mixture of hydraulic composition C1 and water W will reach the setting stage and begin to harden.

[0141] As shown in Figure 4(b), the right hand 31 supports the pack 10 so that it stands upright on the platform again. The left hand 32 loosens and removes the cap 13, breaking the seal on the bag 11. This connects the inside of the bag 11 to the outside. Next, the right hand 31 deforms the bag 11 by grasping and pressing it. This causes at least a portion of the opposing inner surfaces of the bag 11 to come into contact with each other, and the air A inside the bag 11 is discharged from the port 12. At this time, the right hand 31 can be used to grasp the air retention area at the top of the bag 11 and slide the right hand 31 towards the upper edge 11a1 to quickly discharge the air A. Once most of the air A has been discharged, the worker tightens the cap 13 again.

[0142] The steps of kneading the bag 11 shown in Figure 4(a) and discharging the air A shown in Figure 4(b) may be performed in reverse order. Specifically, after injecting water W into the pack 10 (see Figure 3(c)), before attaching the cap 13 to the cylindrical part 12a to seal the bag 11, the pack 10 is deformed to discharge the air A from the port 12. Then, while the pack 10 is still deformed, the cap 13 is attached to the cylindrical part 12a to seal the bag 11, and the pack 10 is grasped with both hands 31, 32 and the bag 11 is pressed and kneaded to mix the water W and the hydraulic composition C1 to prepare the curable paste C2.

[0143] The external force applied to pack 10 during mixing may be manual force, such as pressing or kneading pack 10, stepping on it, or shaking it. When this method is used, the curable paste C2 can be prepared by applying pressure or shaking to pack 10 by bringing a part of the human body, such as the hands, elbows, knees, and feet, into contact with pack 10 or grasping it with the hands. The time for applying manual force is preferably 30 to 120 seconds, more preferably 30 to 90 seconds, and even more preferably 30 to 60 seconds. The external force applied to pack 10 during the mixing of the hydraulic composition with water and / or the extrusion of the curable paste may be mechanical power, or it may be either the pressure of a pressure roller (not shown) and manual force, or both.

[0144] The film forming the bag 11 is preferably soft and flexible. Examples of materials for this film include thermoplastic resins, specifically homopolymers and / or copolymers and / or polymer blends comprising at least one of the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, cyclic polyolefin, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide (nylon), polyester, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyvinyl chloride.

[0145] The structure of the film may be a single layer formed from one of the thermoplastic resins described above, or it may be a multilayer formed by bonding together multiple films made from the same or different thermoplastic resins. When the film has a multilayer structure, for example, a multilayer structure can be made in the order of polyamide (nylon) layer (PA; 15 μm thick) / barrier polyamide (nylon) layer (barrier PA; 15 μm thick) / linear low-density polyethylene layer (LLDPE; 130 μm thick) from the inner layer to the outer layer. Alternatively, the multilayer structure may be in the order of inner: linear low-density polyethylene layer (LLDPE; 130 μm thick) / polyamide (nylon) layer (PA; 15 μm thick) / barrier polyamide (nylon) layer (barrier PA; 15 μm thick) from the inner layer to the outer layer. Furthermore, the multilayer structure may be in the order of polyethylene terephthalate layer (PET; 12 μm thick) / barrier polyamide (nylon) layer (barrier PA; 15 μm thick) / linear low-density polyethylene layer (LLDPE; 130 μm thick) from the inner layer to the outer layer. In particular, it is preferable that the outermost LLDPE layer has a thickness of at least 100 μm. This prevents the film from tearing or ripping even if the internal pressure of the bag 11 increases due to friction with hands or feet or the pressure caused by them. On the other hand, if the thickness of the LLDPE layer exceeds 150 μm, the film is difficult to deform under external pressure, so the hydraulic composition C1 and water W cannot be sufficiently mixed and kneaded, and a homogeneous curable paste C2 cannot be obtained. The welded band 11a can be formed by heat welding, ultrasonic welding, or induction welding.

[0146] The thermosetting resin described above can also be used as the material for port 12.

[0147] As shown in Figure 4(c), an injection connector 23 that can be screwed onto the cap 13 interchangeably, and an injection tube 24 that has a diameter that can be fitted onto the tip of the injection connector 23 and has an injection volume indicator tape affixed to it or an injection volume indicator mark 25 printed on it, are prepared. The injection connector 23 is cylindrical and has a circular opening at its upper end. The injection connector 23 also has a female thread on the inner wall surface of its base end that can be screwed onto the male thread of the cylindrical part 12a, and has a plurality of scale-like rings 23a on the outer surface from the middle to the tip. Each scale-like ring 23a is formed concentrically with the circular opening and has a truncated shape that gradually widens towards the base end. As a result, a plurality of steps are formed on the outer surface of the injection connector 23. Connectors with this external shape are called bamboo shoot connectors. The worker attaches the injection connector 23 by screwing it onto the cylindrical part 12a.

[0148] Next, as shown in Figure 4(c), one end of the injection tube 24 is fitted into the injection connector 23, and the two are secured together with a fastener 26. The injection connector 23 has multiple steps formed by the scale-like ring portion 23a, and the injection tube 24 is secured with the fastener 26, so it does not easily come off the injection connector 23. A vinyl tape, which serves as an injection volume indicator mark 25, is wrapped around the middle of the injection tube 24 and attached thereto. This injection volume indicator mark 25 is positioned so that it will be exposed from the opening of the drilled hole 61b when an amount of curable paste C2 that satisfies the difference between the volume of the drilled hole 61b and the volume of the insertion portion of the anchor element to be inserted into it is injected into the drilled hole 61b (see Figure 5(d)).

[0149] Figure 5 shows the latter half of the anchor element fixing method using a pack-type curable paste application method, which is an example of the curable paste application method of the present invention. The figure shows the process of attaching the support posts for fixing the rockfall protection net to the concrete.

[0150] The reinforced concrete 61 shown in Figure 5(a) is formed by concrete reinforcement work on the slope 62, covering the slope 62 with a substantially uniform thickness. Therefore, the surface 61a of the reinforced concrete 61 is inclined. The worker sets a core boring machine 71 on the surface 61a and rotates the core drill 71a attached to its tip to form 20 to 30 cylindrical holes 61b.

[0151] The depth (length) and diameter of the borehole 61b are determined according to the thickness of the reinforced concrete 61 and the length and diameter of the anchor element to be fixed. In particular, it is preferable that the depth of the borehole 61b be at least 5 to 10 times the diameter of the anchor element. For example, if the anchor element is a D25 reinforcing bar (name of deformed steel bar as specified in JIS G3112 (2010): nominal diameter 25.4 mm), a borehole 61b with a depth of 125 to 250 mm, specifically 175 to 200 mm, more specifically 175 to 180 mm, and a diameter of 27 to 38 mm, specifically 30 to 35 mm, more specifically 30 to 33 mm is an example of a borehole 61b.

[0152] As shown in Figure 5(b), the worker inserts the injection tube 24 into the borehole 61b until the tip of the injection tube 24 contacts the bottom surface 61b1 of the borehole 61b. Next, as shown in Figure 5(c), the worker compresses the bag body 11 by gripping it with, for example, their left hand 32, applying pressure in opposing directions on both sides of the bag body 11 so that the inner surfaces of the bag body 11 are in contact with each other. As a result, the curable paste C2 inside the bag body 11 is discharged from the injection tube 24 and flows into the borehole 61b. At this time, it is preferable to discharge the curable paste C2 by manipulating the bag body 11 with hands 31 and 32 from the lower edge 11a3 toward the injection tube 24. Alternatively, the bag body 11 may be gradually wound up with hands 31 and 32 from the lower edge 11a3 toward the port 12, thereby applying pressure to the curable paste C2 inside the bag body 11 and discharging it from the injection connector 23 and injection tube 24.

[0153] As shown in Figure 5(c), the operator gradually moves the pack 10 in a direction X away from the opening of the borehole 61b while injecting the curable paste C2 into the borehole 61b. At this time, the operator continues injecting the curable paste C2 while keeping the tip of the injection tube 24 in contact with the liquid surface of the curable paste C2. As a result, the injection tube 24 moves in a direction away from the borehole 61b as the amount of curable paste C2 injected into the borehole 61b increases. The operator can also sense the pressure of the curable paste C2 that is generated as the liquid surface of the curable paste C2 moves toward the opening of the borehole 61b. This allows the operator to recognize that the curable paste C2 is being injected smoothly.

[0154] As the worker continues this operation, the injection volume indicator mark 25 will appear and disappear at the opening of the borehole 61b, as shown in Figure 5(d). When the worker visually confirms that the injection volume indicator mark 25 has appeared and disappeared at the opening of the borehole 61b, the worker pushes the hardening paste C2 from the inside of the bag 11 and from the bag 11 to the injection volume indicator mark 15 of the injection tube 24 up to the injection volume indicator mark 15, thereby completing the injection of the hardening paste C2 into one borehole 61b. In this way, the worker can complete the injection of the hardening paste C2 in the hardening paste C2 injection process by simply moving the pack 10 and keeping an eye on the opening of the borehole 61b, leaving only the volume of the part of the anchor element that will be inserted into the borehole 61b inside the borehole 61b. As a result, when the anchor element is inserted into the borehole 61b, the uneconomical situation of a large amount of hardening paste C2 overflowing from the opening of the borehole 61b can be prevented.

[0155] Figure 5(e) shows the process of driving in the anchor element. The anchor element, the anchor bolt 81, is a long, roughly cylindrical shape and has a base end (see Figure 5(f)) which has a surface that is roughly perpendicular to its central axis, and a tip which has an elliptical surface that is inclined with respect to the surface of the base end. As a result, the tip of the anchor bolt 81 is sharply pointed, making it easy to insert into the borehole 61b filled with hardening paste C2. Multiple ribs 81a protrude from the tip to the middle of the anchor bolt 81. A male thread 81b is provided on the surface of the base end of the anchor bolt 81. A nut 83 for fixing the support column of the rockfall protection net is screwed onto this male thread 81b (see Figure 5(f)). The total length of the anchor bolt 81 is greater than the drilling length (depth) of the drilling hole 61b, so as to satisfy the anchoring length of the anchor bolt specified in the standard and so as to ensure that the male thread 81b protrudes from the opening of the drilling hole 61b when driven into the hole. The tip of the anchor bolt 81 does not need to be pointed; even a so-called threaded rod with a roughly circular end face can be inserted without any problems.

[0156] The dimensions of the anchor bolt 81 are not particularly limited, but for example, deformed steel bars with nominal sizes D4 to D51 as specified in JIS G3112 (2010) can be used. Alternatively, the anchor bolt 81 may be a fully threaded bolt with a nominal diameter of M6 to M100.

[0157] The worker grasps the base end of the anchor bolt 81 with their right hand 31 (or left hand 32, or both hands) and inserts it into the hardening paste C2 in the borehole 61b while rotating it around its central axis to prevent air from entering the hardening paste C2. Due to the moderate fluidity of the hardening paste C2 and the sharp tip of the anchor bolt 81, the worker can drive the anchor bolt 81 into the borehole 61b filled with hardening paste C2 without requiring much force. The worker performs this process within the pot life, which is the time from the completion of preparation of the hardening paste C2 until the hardening paste C2 begins to solidify. If the pot life is exceeded, the fluidity of the hardening paste C2, which has reached the beginning of solidification, will gradually decrease, increasing the resistance to driving in the anchor bolt 81, making it difficult to drive it in manually with the right hand 31 (and / or left hand 32).

[0158] The worker supports the anchor bolt 81 with their hands 31 and 32 within the borehole 61b so that it is at a predetermined angle. As the curable paste C2 reaches the final setting stage and begins to harden, the anchor bolt 81 remains fixed in the borehole 61b at the predetermined angle without requiring the worker's support. The worker removes any excess curable paste C2 from the borehole 61b as needed. The worker then moves to another borehole 61b and repeats the process shown in Figures 5(b) to (e).

[0159] Since each pack 10 contains a sufficient amount of hardening paste C2 prepared from 100 to 3000 g of hydraulic composition C1, the worker does not need to prepare a new batch of hardening paste C2 using a separate pack 10 each time. Therefore, in medium-scale construction projects such as fixing anchor elements in dozens of boreholes 61b, this hardening paste application method allows the injection of hardening paste C2 and the insertion of anchor elements to be carried out as a continuous, uninterrupted process, thereby reducing the burden on the worker and shortening the work time.

[0160] Figure 5(f) shows the reinforced concrete 61 after going through the processes shown in Figures 5(a) to (e). The hardened body C3 formed by the hardening of the hardening paste C2 seals the opening of the drilled hole 61b and is densely filled between the inner wall surface of the drilled hole 61b and the anchor bolt 81. The anchor bolt 81 is fixed to the reinforced concrete 61, and a nut 83 is screwed onto the male thread 81b at its base end to fix the support column 82. The anchoring effect of the rib 81a improves the pull-out strength of the anchor bolt 81 from the hardened body C3. [Examples]

[0161] The following describes in detail examples of hydraulic compositions to which the present invention is applied, a kit for curable paste application using the same, and an anchor element fixing method using a curable paste application method.

[0162] (Example 1 and Comparative Example 1) (Preparation of hydraulic compositions) The raw materials, rapid-hardening Portland cement (manufactured by Ube Mitsubishi Cement Co., Ltd.), alumina cement (manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd., alumina cement No. 1 molten product), rapid-setting agent (manufactured by Noritake Co., Ltd., hemihydrate gypsum β-type SB), STARVIS 308F (product name of BASF Japan Ltd.) as a viscosity modifier, a 20:1:30:1 mass ratio mixture of trisodium citrate hydrate, lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and Aerosil (product name of Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) as a setting modifier, and silica sand No. 4 (product name of Nichihyo Mining Co., Ltd.) as fine aggregate, were weighed out in the mass ratios shown in Table 1, put into a mixer and stirred to prepare the hydraulic composition of the preparation example.

[0163] A hydraulic composition consisting solely of the same rapid-hardening Portland cement used in the preparation example was used as a comparative example.

[0164] [Table 1]

[0165] (Preparation of fixative capsules) 450 g of the hydraulic compositions of the preparation examples and comparative examples were prepared with a basis weight of 40 g / m². 2 The solution was then sealed in a permeable cylindrical container made of nonwoven paper, and fixative capsules for the example and comparative example, each measuring 300 mm in length and 34 mm in diameter, were obtained.

[0166] (Measurement of water / cement ratio) After measuring the weight of the fixing agent capsules in the example, they were immersed in 20°C tap water for 5 minutes, then removed and their weight was measured again. The water / cement ratio, which is the percentage of the weight before immersion to the weight after immersion, was calculated to be 29%.

[0167] (Compression test) After measuring the water / cement ratio, the permeable cylindrical container of the fixing agent capsule of the example was broken, and the agglomerated fixing agent was removed and placed in a cylinder cartridge having a capped tip and an opening at the base. Using a stirring rod (manufactured by Fujiwara Sangyo Co., Ltd., product name: Paint Mixer SPM-4) with a stirring blade at the tip of the rotating rod, the base end was connected to an electric impact driver, which is a rotating tool, and the stirring blade was inserted into the cylinder cartridge through the opening and stirred for 1 minute to disperse the agglomerated fixing agent within the cylinder cartridge and prepare the curable paste of the example. The curable paste of the example was poured into a mold, and the cured body of the example was prepared in accordance with JIS A1108 (2006). Compression strength tests were performed on this cured body in accordance with the same standard, and the compressive strength (N / mm²) was measured after 3 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days of curing. 2 The following measurements were taken. All curing conditions were maintained at 20°C and 90% relative humidity. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0168] A cured comparative example was prepared using the same procedure as in the examples, and its compressive strength was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0169] [Table 2]

[0170] The cured body using the hydraulic composition in the example achieved a curing strength of 50 N / mm² in just 3 hours. 2 The hydraulic composition of the example showed a compressive strength of 1, and after 7 days, it reached approximately 90% of the compressive strength of the hardened body that had been cured for 28 days. It was found that the hydraulic composition of the example exhibited extremely high compressive strength even with a short curing period. On the other hand, the hardened body using the hydraulic composition of the comparative example showed significantly lower compressive strength compared to that of the example.

[0171] (Tensile test of anchor bolts) A 28mm diameter hole was drilled into a 1000 x 1000 x 3000mm concrete block using a hammer drill. An anchor bolt (SD345 deformed steel bar, nominal size D22, nominal cross-sectional area 3.871cm², as specified in JIS G3112 (2010)) was used to secure the bolt to this concrete block. 2 To achieve an anchoring length of 220 mm for a 1000 mm long anchor bolt (with a 45-degree angled cut at the tip), the drilling length was set to 245 mm. The anchoring agent capsules of the example were immersed in 20°C tap water with a water / cement ratio for 3 minutes. A hardening paste was prepared in the same manner as in the compression test. A lid was fitted to the opening of the cylinder cartridge, the cap screwed onto the end of the cylinder was removed, and a nozzle with an injection tube having an injection volume indicator mark on its outer surface was screwed onto the end of the cylinder, and the cylinder cartridge was set into the injection gun. Next, the injection tube was inserted into the drilled hole and the hardening paste was injected into the hole. The injection of the hardening paste was continued while pulling the injection gun towards the user. The injection was stopped when the entire injection volume indicator mark had entered and exited the opening of the drilled hole. After that, the anchor bolt was inserted into the drilled hole while rotating it by hand, and the anchor bolt was fixed to the concrete block. After curing the concrete for one day at 20°C to allow it to harden, a tensile test was performed in accordance with JIS G3112 (2010) using a tensile testing machine equipped with a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic jack connected to the hydraulic pump that pulls the anchor bolts out of the concrete block using the hydraulic pressure generated by the hydraulic pump, a load cell that measures the load generated by the hydraulic jack, and a displacement gauge that measures the displacement of the anchor bolts. The sample size was N=3. The results are shown in Figure 6(a).

[0172] A tensile test was performed on the comparative example's fixing agent capsule using the same procedure as in the example. The sample size was set to N=1. The results are shown in Figure 6(a).

[0173] Figure 6(a) is a graph showing the results of a tensile test of anchor bolts anchored to a concrete block using the hydraulic composition of the example, illustrating the correlation between displacement and load. The horizontal axis represents the displacement of the anchor bolt (mm), and the vertical axis represents the tensile load of the anchor bolt (kN). As shown in Figure 6(a), even when the tensile load exceeded the yield point of anchor bolts specified in JIS G3112 (2010), which is 133.5 kN (solid line between 120 and 140 kN in the graph), and reached the fracture point (tensile strength) specified in the same standard, which is 189.6 kN (solid line between 180 and 200 kN in the graph), the gap between the drilled wall and the hardened body did not break, nor did the anchor bolt come out of the concrete block. The test was terminated when the tensile load reached 190 kN because there was a risk of the anchor bolt breaking. On the other hand, when the comparative example's hydraulic composition was used, the hardened body, along with the anchor bolt, came out of the drilled hole before reaching the yield point specified in the JIS standard.

[0174] (Linear expansion test) A linear expansion test was conducted using a linear expansion measuring instrument (manufactured by Marubishi Scientific Machinery Co., Ltd.). This linear expansion measuring instrument has a rectangular parallelepiped shape with an open top surface and longitudinal and transverse directions, a measuring probe connected to a displacement surface in one of the transverse directions of the formwork and extending outward from the formwork, displacing together with the displacement surface, and a displacement sensor that detects the amount of displacement of the measuring probe. The displacement sensor is electrically connected to an information processing memory device.

[0175] Using the fixing agent capsules from the example, a curable paste was prepared in the same manner as the compression test, except that it was immersed in tap water at 20°C for 5 minutes under conditions of 20°C temperature and 80% relative humidity or higher. This curable paste was poured into the mold from the top surface to completely fill the inside of the mold. While maintaining the above environment, the curable paste was allowed to cure, and the amount of displacement was detected using a displacement sensor, and the uniaxial expansion of the curable paste during the curing process was continuously measured. The results are shown in Figure 6(b).

[0176] A linear expansion test was performed on the comparative example's fixing agent capsule using the same procedure as in the example. The results are shown in Figure 6(b).

[0177] Figure 6(b) is a graph showing the results of a uniaxial expansion test of a hardening paste. This graph shows the correlation between time and displacement. The horizontal axis is time (hours), and the vertical axis is displacement (mm). The thick line represents the example, and the thin line represents the comparative example. Immediately after the start of the test, the displacement of the example increased, and thereafter the displacement remained almost constant with no decrease observed. From this, it was found that the hardening paste expanded slightly immediately after the start of the test and then did not shrink. This indicates that the hydraulic composition of the present invention is a cement-containing composition that shows slight expansion at the start of hardening and does not shrink. As a result, it was found that with the hydraulic composition of the present invention, the hardened body and the inner wall surface of the borehole adhere closely together, allowing the anchor element to be fixed to the concrete structure with high strength. On the other hand, the displacement of the comparative example hardly increased immediately after the start of the test. This indicates that the hydraulic composition of the comparative example does not expand during its hardening process, so the hardened body does not adhere closely to the wall surface of the borehole, and the anchor element can only be fixed with low strength.

[0178] (Example 2 and Comparative Example 2) (Making the pack) To form a bag, two rectangular multilayer films (160 μm thick) were prepared, with a multilayer structure consisting of, from the inner layer to the outer layer, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE; 130 μm thick) / polyamide (nylon) layer (PA; 15 μm thick) / barrier polyamide (nylon) layer (barrier PA; 15 μm thick). The port, whose opening was sealed with a cap, was sandwiched between parts of the periphery of the two 15 μm thick nylon films and heat-sealed to fix the port. The area where the port was fixed became the upper edge, and the side edges were heat-sealed, leaving the lower edge unattached, to create a pack measuring 100 mm wide x 320 mm long. This created a bag with a port that was open at the lower edge. 270 g of the hydraulic composition prepared in Example 1 was placed into this bag through the open lower edge. Subsequently, the lower edge was heat-sealed to enclose the hydraulic composition in the bag, and multiple packs of the example were produced.

[0179] The cap of the obtained pack was removed, and 87g of water was poured into the bag through the port so that the water ratio (mass of water to mass of hydraulic composition) was 32%. The cap was fitted back onto the port, and the bag was kneaded with both hands. Then the cap was loosened, and the bag was slowly pressed to expel air from the port. After tightening the cap, it was kneaded again. After kneading for a total of 1 minute, no lumps were visible. 357g of the curable paste of the example was obtained, in which the hydraulic composition and water inside the bag were homogeneously mixed.

[0180] A hydraulic powder consisting solely of rapid-hardening Portland cement, the same as that used in Example 2, was used as a comparative example. Packs were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the hydraulic composition of Comparative Example 1 was replaced.

[0181] (Compression test) The packs of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 and the required amount (32% by mass) of water were placed in a constant temperature bath at 20°C. After 24 hours had passed, under an atmosphere of 20°C, the curable paste of the example was prepared by the same operation as above. The bag body of the pack was crushed and the curable paste was poured from the nozzle into the mold, and a cured body of the example was produced in accordance with JIS A1108 (2006). A compression strength test was conducted on this cured body in accordance with the same standard, and the compression strengths (N / mm 2 ) after 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days of curing were measured. All curing conditions were 20°C and a relative humidity of 90%. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0182] <

Table 3

[0183] The cured body obtained by curing the curable paste prepared using the pack of the example showed a compression strength of 55 N / mm after only 1 day of curing, and reached approximately 80% of the compression strength of the cured body cured for 28 days after 7 days. It was found that Example 2 showed extremely high compression strength even with short-term curing. On the other hand, the cured body of Comparative Example 2 showed significantly lower compression strength compared to that of Example 2. 2

[0184] (Example 3, Comparative Example 3, and Tensile Test of Anchor Bolt) In a concrete block of 1000×1000×3000 mm, a drilled hole with a diameter of 14 mm and a length of 70 mm was formed using a hammer drill. An anchor bolt (SD345 deformed bar steel specified in JIS G3112 (2010), nominal name D10, nominal diameter 9.5 mm; standard yield point 24.5 kN (= cross-sectional area of SD345 deformed bar steel 126.7 mm 2A 345mm diameter (1000mm long, with a cut end) was prepared. The curable paste of Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in the compression test. The cap was removed from the port and replaced with a nozzle screwed into the port. An injection tube with an injection volume indicator mark was then fitted to the tip of the nozzle. The bag was squeezed by hand to inject the curable paste into the borehole. When the injection volume indicator mark appeared to be moving in and out of the borehole opening, the curable paste inside the pack and injection tube up to the injection volume indicator mark was pushed out, and then the injection was stopped.

[0185] Subsequently, the anchor bolts were inserted into the drilled holes while being rotated by hand, and the anchor bolts were fixed to the concrete block to prepare a sample for tensile testing. The anchoring length of the anchor bolts at this time was set to 70 mm. After curing at 20°C for 24 hours to produce the hardened body of Example 3, a tensile test was performed in accordance with JIS G3112 (2010) using a tensile testing machine equipped with a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic jack connected to it that pulls the anchor bolt out of the concrete block using the hydraulic pressure generated by the hydraulic pump, a load cell that measures the load generated by the hydraulic jack, and a displacement gauge that measures the displacement of the anchor bolt. The sample size was set to N=3. As a result, even when the tensile load reached 30 kN, which exceeds the standard yield point, the anchor bolts did not come out of the concrete block, and there was a risk of the anchor bolts breaking, so the test was stopped. The results are shown in Table 4. In the same table, in the "Maximum Tensile Load" column for Example 3, the "*" attached to the numerical value indicates that the test was stopped when the tensile load reached that numerical value.

[0186] Furthermore, the nominal name or diameter of the anchor bolts was changed as shown in Table 4, and test samples were prepared in the same manner as described above. A total of 24 samples were prepared. To prepare these samples, the curable paste preparation process was repeated three times. Note that by adjusting the amount prepared, it is not necessary to repeat the curable paste preparation process, and some curable paste may remain in the bag after all samples have been prepared.

[0187] A curable paste for Comparative Example 3 was prepared using the same procedure as in the compression test described above. Furthermore, a sample for tensile testing was prepared using the same procedure as in the example. During the preparation of 24 samples, the curable paste ran out, so it was prepared two more times. Tensile tests were performed on the prepared samples. As a result, the cured body of Comparative Example 3, along with the anchor bolt, came out of the drilled hole near the standard yield point of the anchor bolt.

[0188] [Table 4]

[0189] (Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, and bending strength test) The curable paste for Example 4 was prepared using the same procedure as described in "Preparation of Curable Paste" above. This paste was poured into a mold measuring 40 mm in length, 160 mm in width, and 40 mm in height, and cured for 7 days at 20°C and 90% relative humidity to produce three cured samples for the bending strength test of the example. These cured samples were subjected to a bending strength test at a loading speed of 50 N / sec, in accordance with JIS R5201 (2015) "11.2.5 Bending Strength Tester" and "11.7.2 Bending Strength". A cured sample was also prepared for Comparative Example 4 using the same procedure as in the example, and a bending strength test was performed. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0190] [Table 5]

[0191] As can be seen from the average values ​​in Table 5, the cured product of Example 4 had considerably stronger bending strength compared to that of Comparative Example 4. [Industrial applicability]

[0192] The hydraulic composition of the present invention, as well as the curable paste application method and curable paste application kit using the same, are used to increase the shear strength of existing concrete artificial structures or to anchor anchor elements such as anchor bolts and reinforcing bars when attaching structures to them. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0193] 1 is a kit for curing paste application, 10 is a pack, 11 is a bag, 11a is a welding band, 11a1 is the upper edge, 11a2 is the side edge, 11a3 is the lower edge, 12 is a port, 12a is the cylindrical part, 12b is the base, 13 is a cap, 21 is a bottle, 21a is the cylinder opening, 22 is an injection nozzle, 22a is the mounting part, 22b is the conical part, 22c is a rib, 23 is an injection connector, 24 is an injection nozzle. 100 is a fixing agent capsule, 110 is a permeable cylindrical container, 200 is a tray, 300 is a cylinder cartridge, 310 is a nozzle, 310a is a cap, 310b is a nozzle, 310c is an injection tube, 310d is a fastener, 310e is an injection amount mark, 320 is a cylindrical body, 330 is an opening, 340 is a lid, 400 is a stirrer, 410 is a rotary tool, 420 is a rotary rod, 430 is a stirring blade, 430a is an opening, 43 0b is the plate portion, 430c is the tongue portion, 430d is the protruding portion, 500 is the injection gun, 510 is the tip-side support portion, 520 is the main body support portion, 530 is the piston, 540 is the operating portion, 540a is the trigger, 540b is the gripping portion, 550 is the base end portion, 560 is the dispensing rod, Ca is the aggregate, C1 is the hydraulic composition, C2 is the curable paste, C3 is the cured body, S is the gap, and W is water.

Claims

1. A hydraulic composition for sealing permeable cylindrical containers or bag-shaped packs, comprising a hydraulic component containing Portland cement, alumina cement, a rapid setting agent, and a strength enhancer, a viscosity modifier, a setting modifier, and fine aggregate having a particle size classification of No. 4, No. 4.5, No. 5, or No. 5.5 according to JIS G5901 (2016), wherein the strength enhancer is selected from at least one of silica fume, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and kaolin, and the Portland cement, alumina cement, rapid setting agent, viscosity modifier, setting modifier, and fine aggregate are contained in a mass ratio of 20-60:30-70:10-40:0.1-1.0:1-10:10-40, and naphthalene A hydraulic composition for sealing in permeable cylindrical containers or bag-shaped packs, characterized in that it does not contain a sulfonic acid-based fluidizer selected from sulfonic acid formalin condensate, melamine sulfonic acid formalin condensate, aromatic sulfonic acid formalin condensate, polystyrene sulfonic acid, lignin sulfonic acid, and salts thereof, nor a delayed-type fluidizer which is a carboxylic acid-based fluidizer selected from polycarboxylic acid and salts thereof, and is for the preparation of a curable paste that hardens by settling.

2. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used for anchoring anchor elements, repairing cracks, fixing bricks, blocks or tiles or filling joints, stopping leaks, improving the ground, filling cavities, applying decorative mortar to surfaces, plastering walls, or for manufacturing or decorating structures.

3. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the viscosity modifier is a thickening agent containing at least one of the following: a cellulose derivative selected from methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose; a natural polysaccharide derivative containing at least one of the cellulose derivatives; acrylamide; starch ether; or a polymer electrolyte.

4. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the setting regulator is a setting time regulator containing at least one of the following: citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, m-oxybenzoic acid, and p-oxybenzoic acid, or a salt thereof; ligninsulfonic acid or a salt thereof; sugar alcohol selected from sorbitol, pentitol, and hexitol; carbonate; silica.

5. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains the Portland cement, the alumina cement, the rapid setting agent, the viscosity modifier, the setting modifier, and the fine aggregate in a mass ratio of 20-50:30-60:20-40:0.1-0.8:1-8:10-30.

6. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it does not contain a delayed-type fluidizing agent.

7. A step of bringing a fixing agent capsule, which is sealed in a permeable cylindrical container, into contact with water, thereby causing the hydraulic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to absorb the water and coagulate the hydraulic composition, The process involves removing the aggregated hydraulic composition from the permeable cylindrical container and placing it into a cylinder cartridge having a tip at the front and an opening at the base, and then inserting a lid that moves towards the tip inside the cylinder cartridge in response to pressure through the opening. The process involves pressing the lid to push the hydraulic composition out from the nozzle, thereby discharging a curable paste, which is a mixture of the hydraulic composition and water, to the application site. The process of curing the aforementioned curable paste is performed A method for applying a curable paste, characterized by having the following features.

8. The process of discharging to the construction site includes the process of injecting into a hole drilled in the concrete structure. The process of curing the curable paste includes the process of inserting the anchor element into the borehole while piercing the curable paste, The curable paste application method according to claim 7, characterized by fixing anchor elements.

9. A method for applying a curable paste according to claim 8, characterized in that a nozzle fitted with an injection tube bearing an injection volume indicator mark is attached to the tip of the cylinder, the cylinder cartridge is moved in a direction to withdraw the injection tube from the drilled hole while the injection tube is inserted into the drilled hole and the hydraulic composition is injected, and the injection of the hydraulic composition is terminated when the injection volume indicator mark appears to be in or out of the drilled hole.

10. The method for applying a curable paste according to claim 7, characterized in that the aggregated hydraulic composition is stirred and agitated in the cylinder cartridge to disperse the hydraulic composition and prepare the curable paste.

11. The method for applying a curable paste according to claim 7, characterized in that the water and the fixing agent capsule are brought into contact for 3 to 5 minutes.

12. The curable paste application method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of cleaning the inner wall surface of the cylinder cartridge after the step of discharging the paste to the application site.

13. The method for applying a curable paste according to claim 7, characterized in that the permeable cylindrical container contains paper.

14. A pack having a bag containing a hydraulic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a port that connects the outside world to the inside of the bag at its upper edge, a step of pouring water into the port, A step of preparing a curable paste by attaching a cap that prevents leakage of the hydraulic composition and the water to the port and applying an external force to the pack, After removing the cap, the bag is crushed to push the curable paste out of the port and discharge the curable paste from the port to the application site. The process of curing the aforementioned curable paste is performed A method for applying a curable paste, characterized by having the following features.

15. The process of discharging to the construction site includes the process of injecting into a hole drilled in the concrete structure. The process of curing the curable paste includes the process of inserting the anchor element into the borehole while piercing the curable paste, The curable paste application method according to claim 14, characterized by fixing anchor elements.

16. The curable paste application method according to claim 14, characterized in that the external force is the pressing force of an instrument and / or human force.

17. The method for applying a curable paste according to claim 15, characterized in that an injection connector having an injection tube fitted to the tip of an injection tube marked with an injection volume indicator is attached to the port, the pack is moved in a direction to withdraw the injection tube from the drilled hole while the injection tube is inserted into the drilled hole and the curable paste is injected, and the injection of the curable paste is completed when the injection volume indicator appears to be in or out of the drilled hole.

18. The method for applying a curable paste according to claim 17, characterized in that the curable paste is dispensed up to the tip of the injection tube, the injection tube is inserted into the bore and the pack is moved in a direction to withdraw the injection tube from the bore while injecting the curable paste, the injection tube itself is pulled up while being squeezed, and the injection of the curable paste is completed when the injection amount indicator mark appears to be in and out of the bore.

19. The curable paste application method according to claim 17, characterized in that the curable paste inside the pack and the inside from the pack to the injection volume indicator mark of the injection tube are injected into the borehole.

20. The method for applying a curable paste according to claim 14, characterized in that, after inserting the spout nozzle of a bottle containing the necessary amount of water for curing the hydraulic composition into the port, the water is poured into the pack.

21. The curable paste application method according to claim 14, characterized in that 20 to 40 parts by mass of water are added per 100 parts by mass of the hydraulic composition.

22. A pack having a bag containing a hydraulic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a port that connects the outside world to the inside of the bag at its upper edge, A bottle containing, or for containing, the necessary amount of water for hardening the hydraulic composition, A spout nozzle is fitted into the port and attached to the spout of the bottle for pouring the water into the pack, A kit for applying a curable paste, characterized by the presence of the following features.

23. A cap that can be screwed or fitted into the port, for sealing the contained hydraulic composition and / or a paste obtained by mixing the hydraulic composition with water, An injection connector that can be screwed into or fitted into the port, and has an injection tube fitted to its tip with an injection volume indicator mark, The curable paste application kit according to claim 22, characterized in that each component is individually provided.

24. The curable paste application kit according to claim 22, characterized in that it is for anchoring anchor elements.

25. The curable paste application kit according to claim 22, characterized in that the bag contains a maximum of 3,000 g of the hydraulic composition.

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