Apparatus for washing and / or suctioning pile fibers for filtration of pile fabrics

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning and / or sucking pile fibers for pile fabric filtration, which can be fluidly connected to a suction source and includes at least one suction slot. In order to provide an improved suction device for pile fabric filtration, as part of the present invention, it is proposed to provide the apparatus for cleaning and / or sucking with structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers. In known suction devices, the suction lip is configured to be smooth, while the suction device according to the present invention includes structured means for improving the cleaning effect and realigning the pile fibers to restore the pile fiber layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning and / or sucking pile fibers for pile fabric filtration (Polstofffiltration), which can be fluid-connected to a suction source and includes at least one suction slot.

[0002] In this context, the fluid connection to the suction source may be both a liquid connection and a gas connection, particularly an air connection, or a combination of a liquid connection and a gas connection, with the first option being preferred.

[0003] The present invention generally relates to an apparatus for water and wastewater treatment and / or gas / vapor treatment. In particular, the present invention relates to stationary filtration using a cloth medium having a cloth medium carrier structure, which forms a discharge space for discharging the filtered inflow (cloth filtration).

Background Art

[0004] There are numerous filter systems using fabrics for water and wastewater treatment. However, these systems have a rotating frame carrying the filter medium and / or require a separate discharge duct for discharging the wastewater. Known disk filtration systems, such as the system in U.S. Patent No. 4,639,315 A, generally have a tank including an inlet and an outlet, and a rotatable filter frame assembly disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The fabric filter medium is pulled by a rotatable support structure, such as a disk-shaped frame portion connected to a pipe. During filtration, the inflow enters the tank and is discharged from the tank outlet through the fabric filter medium, the hollow disk frame portion, and the central discharge pipe. Fabric filter media as seen in U.S. Patent No. 5,374,360 A, U.S. Patent No. 5,876,612 A, and U.S. Patent No. 6,090,298 A are periodically cleaned in various ways, such as by backflushing and / or high-pressure spraying, while the disk is rotating.

[0005] Another filter system known from U.S. Patent No. 4090965A is commonly called drum filtration. In drum filtration systems, a textile filter medium is stretched by a support frame that forms a large drum shape, as opposed to a disc. Multiple drums are fixed to a central pipe structure and together form a rotatable filter frame assembly. During filtration, the influent flows into a tank, passes through the textile filter medium, and suspended solids accumulate on the textile. The filtered influent flows through the central pipe of the filter frame and is discharged through the tank outlet. Similar to disc filtration, the textile filter medium is periodically cleaned during rotation, such as by backflushing.

[0006] In pile fabric filtration, the multidimensional filter medium consists of a carrier fabric that does not function as a filter and piles made of pile yarns (so-called pile fiber layers) that provide a large surface area. A suction device is used periodically to wash residual solids from the pile fabric and maintain filter capacity. This is because the water pressure resistance of the filter system increases as the accumulation of solids on the filter cloth increases. U.S. Patent No. 10195549B1 relates to a backwash shoe and a method for using the backwash shoe in a textile filter medium. The backwash shoe has a rear surface formed of a series of marlons (protective walls) and crenels (gap). The pile fibers of the textile filter medium are compressed by the rear surface toward the support surface of the textile filter medium, while some pile fibers remain in a straight, upright position. Korean Patent No. 102404899B1 discloses a backwash suction device for a fibrous filter. This backwash suction device is configured such that a suction plate has a cut surface on one side surface centered on a slot, and a structured roller rotates at a position provided on a thickness projection of the slot. This structured roller protrudes from the cut surface and extends through the slot. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 4639315A [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent No. 5,374,360A [Patent Document 3] U.S. Patent No. 5876612A [Patent Document 4] U.S. Patent No. 6090298A [Patent Document 5] U.S. Patent No. 4090965A [Patent Document 6] U.S. Patent No. 10195549B1 [Patent Document 7] Korean Patent No. 102404899B1 Specification [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The problem addressed by the present invention is to provide an improved washing apparatus for filtering pile fabrics.

[0009] In the context of the present invention, the problem is that, in order to mechanically clean, restore, and / or profile pile fibers, means are provided on a washing and / or vacuuming apparatus, or as a separate element, wherein the pile fibers are aligned by means structured to correspond to the original state of the pile fiber layer. This process parallelizes or structures the pile fibers, restoring the pile fiber layer with respect to optimal filtering effect. The structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling these pile fibers consist of fibers, pile fabrics, wool, studs, or a combination thereof, with an equivalent diameter of 1 to 4000 μm and a pile fiber diameter of 0.2 to 200 μm. This problem is solved by a device that conforms to the given premise.

[0010] While known washing and / or suction devices are configured to be substantially smooth, the washing and / or suction device of the present invention includes structured means, i.e., means protruding from the surface of the suction lip, to improve the washing effect and to realign and wash the pile fibers to restore the pile fiber layer. The structured means form projections and / or recesses on the washing and / or suction device, thereby improving the washing effect and the restoration of the pile fiber layer, i.e., the alignment of the pile fibers, to correspond to the original state of the pile fiber layer. This alignment / structuring / shaping of the pile fibers improves the filtration process. Alternatively, structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers may be configured as a separate element from the washing and / or suction device. In this case, structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers can move independently of the washing and / or suction device.

[0011] According to a preferred configuration of the present invention, it is proposed that structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and / or profiling pile fibers are arranged within the area of ​​the suction lip of a washing and / or suction device.

[0012] The suction lip is typically located near the suction slot. While there may be only one suction lip, there are usually two, and sometimes more than two, suction lips arranged around the suction slot.

[0013] Therefore, the suction lip includes structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers, which are used before and / or after and / or during the fluidization of the pile fiber layer. (a) Mechanically clean the pile fibers, i.e., remove any residue on the pile fibers and / or on the surface of the pile fibers that is not removed or is not removed adequately by conventional suction of the pile fiber layer. (b) Parallelize or structure the pile fibers to restore the pile fiber layer with respect to the optimal filtering effect, (c) Reduce the pressure or compress the pile fiber layer, Therefore, the filter capacity of the pile fiber layer can be maintained by preventing the pile fibers from becoming entangled. The suction lip may be provided with structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fiber layer, either entirely or partially. Structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and / or profiling the pile fibers in this area may further be arranged entirely or partially within the suction slot.

[0014] Structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and / or profiling pile fibers can be used for targeted cleaning, without simultaneous suction and in combination with suction of pile fibers, to reduce / minimize spikes on the filtrate side by cleaning pile yarns / pile fabrics and / or removing separate filtration cakes within and / or above the pile fiber layer.

[0015] The upstream and / or downstream and / or integral insertion of structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and / or profiling pile fibers serves to remove dirt and / or can provide a defined distance between the pile fiber layer and the suction part. This distance helps to remove the uppermost layer formed on the pile fiber layer and thus increases the solids content in the waste wash water.

[0016] According to the invention, it is proposed that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is connected to a suction part for fluidization and cleaning, such that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers becomes an integral part of the device for cleaning and / or suction. Alternatively, the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers may be configured as a separate element(s) connectable to the device for cleaning and / or suction. In this case, the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is movable independently of the device for cleaning and / or suction. The structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers can be used independently of the device for cleaning and / or suction. The structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is rotatable about its x, y, and / or z axes. The structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers may be attached by a spring. In this case, it is advantageous that the contact pressure on the pile fiber layer can be variably adjusted.

[0017] The subject matter of the present invention is to maintain the filter performance over a longer period, increase the hydraulic load and / or material load, and reduce the energy demand without modifying the existing filter machine and / or pile fiber layer, regardless of the pile fabric used.

[0018] This makes it possible to reduce the cost of a new or existing filtration system by reducing the size or number of the necessary filtration units.

[0019] In this case, the cross-section of the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers does not increase towards the pile fiber layer. The cross-section of the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers does not become larger at the end closest to the pile fiber layer than at the end farther from the pile fiber layer. The cross-section of the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers does not increase towards the pile fiber layer. Advantageously, the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers can also remove individual filter cakes within the pile fiber layer.

[0020] The equivalent diameter (aequivalenter Durchmesser) of the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers ga 1 It is part of the present invention that it is 00 - 1000 μm, particularly preferably 100 - 400 μm.

[0021] Advantageously, such an equivalent diameter enables the treatment of single fibers of the pile fiber layer, and the entire pile fiber layer and / or individual layers of the pile fiber layer can be treated in a functional state.

[0022] In this case, the diameter of the pile fibers can be 0.2 - 200 μm, preferably 1 - 50 μm, particularly preferably 3 - 30 μm.

[0023] The equivalent diameter of the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers preferably depends on the equivalent diameter of the pile fibers. For example, the ratio of the equivalent diameter of the pile fibers to the equivalent diameter of the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers is 1:1 - 1:100, preferably 1:5 - 1:50, particularly preferably 1:25 - 1:40.

[0024] According to the preferred configuration of the present invention, pile fibers The diameter is 1 to 50 μm, and particularly preferably 3 to 30 μm. .

[0025] Part of the present invention is the provision that structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers are configured to be flexible.

[0026] Alternatively, the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers may be configured to be rigid and / or fixed.

[0027] Of course, it is also possible to provide a hybrid configuration in which part of the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is configured to be flexible, and another part of the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is configured to be rigid and / or fixed. Structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers are also proposed that are rigid or fixed and movable, for example, by interposing joints or flexible regions.

[0028] According to the present invention, it is proposed that structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers be configured to be oriented substantially perpendicularly and / or tangentially away from the plane of the cleaning and / or suction device, and / or oblique to that plane.

[0029] When aligned diagonally, structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers can also be arranged so as to be inclined toward the pile yarns of the pile fiber layer or toward away from the pile yarns (weggerichtet angeordnet).

[0030] The present invention also provides a hybrid configuration in which a portion of the structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is configured to be inclined toward the pile yarns, and another portion of the structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is configured to be oriented toward away from the pile yarns.

[0031] According to the present invention, it is proposed that structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling pile fibers are arranged to be uniformly dispersed.

[0032] Alternatively, structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers may be unevenly distributed.

[0033] For example, structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers may be arranged as patterns, particularly circles, zigzags, lines, particularly parallel lines perpendicular to suction slots, wavy lines, or a mixture thereof.

[0034] An advanced form of the present invention is that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers consists of plastic materials, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, and / or metals, particularly steel, preferably stainless steel, and / or natural materials, particularly plant fibers and / or animal fibers, wood, or a combination thereof.

[0035] A preferred configuration of the present invention is that structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers are arranged in a holder that can be detachably fixed to a cleaning and / or suction device. In this context, it is possible that only the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers are arranged in the detachably fixed holder, or that suction lips are arranged in addition to these means in the holder.

[0036] Since structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers wear out over time due to friction between the pile yarns and the means, it is reasonable to arrange the means in a holder that can be detachably fixed to a device for cleaning and / or suction within the area of ​​the suction lip. Since the suction lip also wears out, it may be advantageous to arrange the suction lip, in addition to the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers, in a replaceable holder so that these two wear parts can be replaced simultaneously.

[0037] Particularly preferably, the holder can be detachably attached to a device for cleaning and / or suction by a snap-in connection (Rastverbindung).

[0038] Alternatively, the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers may not be detachably and / or movably fixed. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0039] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0040] [Figure 1a] This shows one configuration of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 1b] This shows one configuration of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 1c] This shows one configuration of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 1d] This shows one configuration of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2a] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2b] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2c] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2d] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2e] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2f] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2g] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2h] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2i] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2j] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2k] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2l] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2m] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2n] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2o] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2p] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2q] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2r] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2s] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2t] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2u] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2v] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2w] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2x] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 2y] This shows one arrangement and profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. [Figure 3a] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3b] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3c] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3d] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3e] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3f] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3g] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3h] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3i] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3j] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3k] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3l] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3m] This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Figure 3n]This shows one arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning, either on or in combination with a suction device. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0041] Figures 1a to 1d show different configurations of structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. These may consist of hairs (Figure 1a), teeth (Figure 1b), horn-shaped teeth (Figure 1c), or studs (Figure 1d). Structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers may be configured to be rigid or fixed, or a combination of both.

[0042] Structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers consist of plastic materials, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, and / or metals, such as steel, especially stainless steel, and / or natural materials, such as plant fibers and / or animal fibers, wood, or combinations thereof.

[0043] Figures 2a–2g show different arrangements and profiles of structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. These can be uniformly dispersed throughout the suction lip, as well as unevenly dispersed, located only on a portion of the suction lip, or perpendicular to the suction lip. They may be positioned inclined toward the pile yarns or oriented away from the pile yarns, and may be supplied in mixed forms.

[0044] In particular, the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers may be arranged in a pattern, for example, circular (Figure 2a), square wave (Figure 2b), or wave or wavy (Figure 2c). The structured means for mechanical cleaning may be arranged in a zigzag shape, and the cross-section of the zigzag may be trapezoidal (Figure 2d) or triangular (Figure 2e). They can also be arranged in other patterns, such as parallel matrices (Figures 2s and 2t). All of these patterns may be in mixed form, that is, different patterns may be provided in combination with each other.

[0045] Figures 2h to 2q are side views of the profile of a structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers, viewed from the direction of movement of the suction device. The structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers are arranged to be of different lengths within each illustrated surface area accordingly. For example, in Figure 2q, the pile fibers are shorter in the center than on the sides.

[0046] Figures 2r to 2y show the arrangement patterns of the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers, as viewed from below, either as a suction device or for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers. The structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers are arranged accordingly within each illustrated surface area.

[0047] Figures 3a to 3n show different arrangements of structured means for mechanical cleaning on the suction device.

[0048] In Figure 3a, the direction of movement of the suction device is indicated by an arrow. This suction direction also applies to Figures 3b and 3d. The direction of movement can also be reversed.

[0049] Figures 3e to 3k show a further arrangement of structured means for mechanical cleaning on the suction device.

[0050] Figures 3l to 3n show different arrangements of structured means for mechanical cleaning that are spatially separated from the suction device. In this case, the structured means for mechanical cleaning can move independently of the suction device.

[0051] In Figures 3g to 3j, structured means for mechanical cleaning are positioned within the suction slot.

[0052] Figures 3e to 3n show the direction of movement of the suction device and / or structured means for mechanical cleaning with arrows. The direction of movement can also be reversed. The direction of fluid flow in the suction process during filter cleaning is indicated by a double arrow.

[0053] Figure 3c shows a suction device including upstream and downstream hairs. The upstream hairs loosen dirt from the pile fibers, which are then sucked up by the suction device, while the downstream hairs restore the pile fiber layer.

Claims

1. An apparatus for washing and / or suctioning pile fibers for filtration of pile fabric, comprising a suction source and a fluid connection, and including at least one suction slot, wherein structured means are provided on the washing and / or suction apparatus, or spatially separated from the suction apparatus, for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers, the pile fibers are aligned by the structured means to correspond to the original state of the pile fiber layer, thereby parallelizing or structuring the pile fiber layer to restore it with respect to optimal filtering effect, the structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers are comprised of fibers, pile fabric, hair, studs, or a combination thereof, the equivalent diameter of the structured means is 1 to 4000 μm, and the diameter of the pile fibers is 0.2 to 200 μm.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers has an equivalent diameter of 100 to 1000 μm.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers are located within the area of ​​the suction lip of the apparatus for cleaning and / or suction.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diameter of the pile fibers is 1 to 50 μm.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is configured to be flexible.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is rigid and / or configured to be fixed.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers are configured to be perpendicular and / or tangentially away from the plane of the cleaning and / or suction apparatus, or to be oblique to that plane.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structured means for mechanically washing, restoring, and profiling the pile fibers are arranged to be inclined toward or toward the pile yarns of the pile fiber layer.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers are arranged to be uniformly dispersed.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers are unevenly dispersed.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers consists of a plastic material, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, and / or a metal, particularly steel, preferably stainless steel, and / or a natural material, particularly plant fibers and / or animal fibers, wood, or a combination thereof.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structured means for mechanically cleaning, restoring, and profiling pile fibers is arranged in a holder that can be detachably fixed to the cleaning and suction device.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the holder can be detachably fixed to the cleaning and suction device by a snap-in connection.

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