Lubricants containing polyphosphate additives

Abstract

A lubricating oil composition is described. The composition comprises a majority of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and a polyphosphate-based dispersion. The dispersion includes ammonium polyphosphate and a dispersant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to lubricant additive compositions and lubricant compositions containing such lubricant additive compositions. More specifically, the present invention provides polyphosphate-based antiwear agents with reduced ash-forming levels.

Background Art

[0002] Conventional antiwear agents (such as zinc dithiophosphate) are commonly used in lubricants to reduce the risk of metal-to-metal contact within an engine. However, when the engine burns in the presence of metal-containing lubricant additives, ash may be generated.

[0003] The accumulation of ash causes many well-known problems, including clogging of engine particulate filters, which can have adverse effects such as reduced fuel efficiency. Therefore, it is desirable to provide new lubricant additives that are ashless or produce less ash compared to conventional lubricant additives.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] In one aspect, there is provided a lubricant composition comprising a majority amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, a polyphosphate-based dispersion comprising ammonium polyphosphate and a dispersant.

[0005] In another aspect, there is provided a lubricant composition comprising a majority amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, ammonium polyphosphate, and a dispersant.

[0006] In a further aspect, there is provided a method of operating an internal combustion engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricant comprising a majority amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, ammonium polyphosphate, and a dispersant.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0007] Introduction As used herein, the following words and expressions have the meanings set forth below when used.

[0008] The term "oil-soluble" means that, for a particular additive, the amount required to impart the desired level of activity or performance can be added by dissolving, dispersing, or suspending it in an oil of lubricating viscosity. Typically, this means that at least 0.001% by weight of the additive can be added to the lubricating oil composition. The term "fuel-soluble" is a similar expression that describes an additive dissolved, dispersed, or suspended in a fuel.

[0009] "Small amount" means less than approximately 50% by weight of the composition, calculated relative to the total weight of the listed additive as the active ingredient of the additive.

[0010] "Majority" refers to more than approximately 50% by weight of the composition, calculated as the active ingredient of the additive, relative to the total weight of the listed additive in the composition.

[0011] An "engine" or "combustion engine" is a heat engine in which combustion of fuel occurs in a combustion chamber. An "internal combustion engine" is a heat engine in which combustion of fuel occurs in a sealed space ("combustion chamber"). A "spark-ignition engine" is a heat engine in which combustion is ignited, usually by a spark from a spark plug. This is in contrast to a "compression-ignition engine," usually a diesel engine, in which the heat generated by fuel injection and compression is sufficient to start combustion without an external spark.

[0012] The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil with a high lubricating viscosity and a polyphosphate anti-wear agent. Due to its highly polar structure, polyphosphate does not readily dissolve in oil. Therefore, the present invention further provides a dispersant to which a polyphosphate anti-wear agent is added to form a polyphosphate-based dispersion in oil. Generally, the effectiveness of a polyphosphate-based dispersion depends on the uniformity of the dispersion in the lubricating oil fluid. The uniformity of the dispersion may correlate with the turbidity of the polyphosphate-based dispersion.

[0013] Polyphosphate-based dispersion The polyphosphate-based dispersion of the present invention comprises ammonium polyphosphate and a dispersant. In some embodiments, the polyphosphate dispersion may be metal-free (i.e., less than about 2 ppm of the total lubricant composition), substantially metal-free (i.e., less than about 50 ppm of the total lubricant composition), zinc-free (i.e., less than about 2 ppm of the total lubricant composition), or substantially zinc-free (i.e., less than about 50 ppm of the total lubricant composition). As a result, the polyphosphate-based dispersion of the present invention is ash-free or has less ash compared to metal-based anti-wear agents.

[0014] In some embodiments, polyphosphate-based dispersions can be used in combination with metal-based wear inhibitors such as zinc dithiophosphate (secondary ZnDTP). In some embodiments, zinc dithiophosphate is present in an amount of about 0.01% to 15% by weight.

[0015] According to one embodiment, ammonium polyphosphate has the following generalized structure I: [ka] [In the formula, R is independently either hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 1000, and m is n+2].

[0016] Since ammonium polyphosphate is usually insoluble in lubricating oils, it is effective to add polyphosphates to the oil as a dispersion by mixing them with a dispersant.

[0017] The dispersant may be any molecule capable of dispersing or partitioning ammonium polyphosphate in the lubricating oil composition. The dispersant is typically a long, amphiphilic molecule having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends. The dispersant can form aggregated structures, such as emulsions, in the lubricating oil composition.

[0018] The amount of dispersant used is usually the minimum amount that gives a stable dispersion. In particular, metal dispersants (such as metal detergents) can lead to the formation of ash. These dispersants should not exceed about 6% of the total volume of the components. The total amount of surfactant should not exceed about 20% of the total volume of the components.

[0019] Dispersants compatible with the present invention include known organic surfactants such as stearates, benzenesulfonates, phosphatidylcholine, alkenyl succinates, oleates, aliphatic alcohols, alkenyl succinimides, and the like.

[0020] The polyphosphate-based dispersion of the present invention can be prepared by any suitable means. Hereinafter, a method of dehydrating an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide and phosphoric acid or a water-in-oil emulsion of an aqueous ammonium phosphate solution to obtain a dispersion will be described. It is ideal to prepare a solution such that the charge molar ratio of ammonium hydroxide to phosphoric acid is 1:1.

[0021] Then, this solution is added to a combination of neutral oil, dispersant, and, if necessary, detergent, and mixed with a high-shear mixer (e.g., a blender) to form an emulsion. The resulting emulsion is heated (140 °C) to be partially dehydrated. When the emulsion is dehydrated, water is rapidly removed at 104 °C to 108 °C.

[0022] After this, almost all of the process water has been removed. The additional water removed after this stage is considered to be the dehydration of hydrated phosphoric acid oligomers. The turbid emulsion becomes transparent at 110 °C to 120 °C and then becomes turbid again at 130 °C to 140 °C. At this point, the product has reached the desired dehydration level, so heating must be stopped immediately.

[0023] The cooled product returns to a transparent and homogeneous mixture at room temperature containing about 6.5% by weight of phosphorus derived from dispersed ammonium polyphosphate.

[0024] Lubricating oil composition The polyphosphate dispersant of the present disclosure is useful as a dispersant additive in lubricating oils. The concentration of the dispersion of the present disclosure in the lubricating oil composition may range from 0.01 to 15% by weight (for example, 0.1 to 10% by weight, 0.2 to 5.0% by weight, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight) based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0025] Lubricating viscosity oils (sometimes referred to as "base stocks" or "base oils") are the major liquid components of lubricants, into which additives and sometimes other oils are blended to give, for example, the final lubricant (i.e., the lubricant composition). Base oils are useful for preparing concentrates and from them for preparing lubricating oil compositions and can be selected from natural (vegetable, animal, or mineral) and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.

[0026] The definitions of base stocks and base oils in the present disclosure are the same as those described in American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1509 Annex E ("API Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Motor Oils and Diesel Engine Oils," December 2016). Group I base stocks contain less than 90% saturates and / or more than 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index of greater than 80 and less than 120 when using the test methods specified in Table E-1. Group II base stocks contain 90% or more saturates and 0.03% or less sulfur and have a viscosity index of greater than 80 and less than 120 when using the test methods specified in Table E-1. Group III base stocks contain 90% or more saturates and 0.03% or less sulfur and have a viscosity index of 120 or more when using the test methods specified in Table E-1. Group IV base stocks are polyalphaolefins (PAOs). Group V base stocks include all other base stocks not included in Groups I, II, III, or IV.

[0027] Examples of natural oils include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil and lard), and mineral oils. Animal and vegetable oils with desirable thermal oxidative stability can be used. Of the natural oils, mineral oils are preferred. Mineral oils vary considerably in terms of their crude oil source, for example, whether they are paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic. Oils derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils. Natural oils also vary in the methods used in their production and refining, for example, their distillation range, and whether they are straight-run, cracked, hydrogen-refined, or solvent-extracted.

[0028] Examples of synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils. Examples of hydrocarbon oils include oils derived from polymerized and copolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylene, polypropylene, propylene-isobutylene copolymer, ethylene-olefin copolymer, and ethylene-α-olefin copolymer). Polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks are widely used synthetic hydrocarbon oils. Examples include C8-C 14 Olefins, for example, C8, C 10 , C 12 , C 14 PAO derived from olefins or mixtures thereof can also be used.

[0029] Other useful liquids for use as base oils include unconventional or non-conventional base stocks that are preferably catalytically treated or synthesized to impart high-performance properties.

[0030] Non-conventional or non-conventional base stocks / base oils include mixtures of base stocks(or base oils) derived from one or more gas-to-liquid (GTL) materials, as well as isomerized / iso-dewaxed base stocks(or base oils) derived from natural waxes or waxy feedstocks, mineral and / or non-mineral oil waxy feedstocks such as slack wax and natural wax, as well as non-petroleum-derived waxy materials such as gas oil, waxy fuel hydrocracker residue oil, waxy raffinates, hydrocracking products, pyrocracking products, or other mineral waxy stocks, mineral oil, or even waxy materials received from coal liquefaction or shale oil, and mixtures of such base stocks.

[0031] The base oils for use in the lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure are API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils, and mixtures thereof, preferably API Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils, and mixtures thereof, more preferably any of the various oils corresponding to Group III to Group V base oils due to their excellent volatility, stability, viscosity measurement, and cleanliness characteristics.

[0032] Generally, the base oil is 2.5-20 mm 2 / second (for example, 3-12mm) 2 / sec, 4~10mm 2 / second, or 4.5-8mm 2 It has a kinetic viscosity (ASTM D445) at 100°C in the range of ( / second).

[0033] The present lubricating oil composition can also be obtained by including conventional lubricant additives to impart auxiliary functions, thereby dispersing or dissolving these additives into a finished lubricating oil composition. For example, the lubricating oil composition can be blended with antioxidants, ashless dispersants, anti-wear agents, cleaning agents such as metal cleaners, rust inhibitors, anti-fogging agents, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, metal deactivators, pour point depressants, viscosity modifiers, defoaming agents, cosolvents, package conforming agents, corrosion inhibitors, pigments, extreme pressure agents, and mixtures thereof. Various additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or compounds similar thereto, can be used in the preparation of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention by conventional blending procedures.

[0034] Each of the above additives, when used, is used in a functionally effective amount to impart the desired properties to the lubricant. Therefore, for example, if the additive is an ashless dispersant, the functionally effective amount of this ashless dispersant is sufficient to impart the desired dispersion properties to the lubricant. Generally, the concentration of each of these additives when used can range from about 0.001 to about 20% by weight, for example, from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, unless otherwise specified.

[0035] The following exemplary embodiments are intended to be non-limiting. [Examples]

[0036] Polyphosphate dispersion 1 A dispersion containing ammonium polyphosphate was prepared by dehydrating an oil-in-water emulsion of ammonium phosphate aqueous solution by heating it to 139°C over 1.5 hours.

[0037] This aqueous solution was prepared by stirring a mixture of 510.8 g of DI water and 250.8 g of ammonium phosphate in a 2-liter glass beaker until the ammonium phosphate was completely dissolved, and then heating to 80°C.

[0038] An oil-in-water emulsion was prepared by gradually adding an aqueous phase to an oil phase containing 540.3 g of Exxon 150 neutral oil, 120.54 g of alkenyl succinate with a molecular weight of approximately 1100 amu, and 51.26 g of neutral sulfonate.

[0039] The solution was vigorously mixed using a high-shear mixer while slowly adding the aqueous layer to form a turbid emulsion. The emulsion was then partially dehydrated in a 4L beaker equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a temperature-controlled hot plate, and a nitrogen inlet.

[0040] Polyphosphate dispersion 2 The dispersed polyphosphate component was prepared according to the procedure described in Polyphosphate Dispersion 1, except that equimolar amounts of phosphoric acid and ammonium hydroxide were used instead of ammonium phosphate solution.

[0041] Polyphosphate dispersion 3 The dispersed polyphosphate component was prepared according to the procedure described in Polyphosphate Dispersion 1, except that the neutral sulfonate was omitted. This example contained 4.26% phosphorus. The TBN was 128 mg KOH / g.

[0042] Polyphosphate dispersion 4 The dispersed polyphosphate component was prepared according to the procedure described in Polyphosphate Dispersion 1, except that 2-ethylhexanol was added instead of a neutral sulfonate.

[0043] Polyphosphate dispersions 1-4 all showed NTU (specific turbidity units) of less than 100, indicating that a stable suspension was formed.

[0044] These polyphosphate dispersions were added to paraffinic base oils of Group II at various processing rates to prepare the comparative examples and examples summarized in Table 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 is a paraffinic base oil of Group II that does not contain anti-wear additives.

[0046] Comparative Example 2 is a group II paraffinic base oil containing 1% by weight of commercially available secondary dialkyldithiophosphate zinc.

[0047] Example 1A is a group II paraffinic base oil containing 0.125% by weight of polyphosphate dispersion 1.

[0048] Example 1B is a group II paraffinic base oil containing 0.25% by weight of polyphosphate dispersion 1.

[0049] Example 1C is a group II paraffinic base oil containing 0.5% by weight of polyphosphate dispersion 1.

[0050] Example 1D is a group II paraffinic base oil containing 1.0% by weight of polyphosphate dispersion 1.

[0051] Example 2 is a group II paraffinic base oil neutral oil containing 1.0% by weight of polyphosphate dispersion 2.

[0052] Example 3 is a group II paraffinic base oil neutral oil containing 1.0% by weight of polyphosphate dispersion 3.

[0053] Example 4 is a group II paraffinic base oil containing 1.0% by weight of a polyphosphate dispersion 4.

[0054] Electrical Contact Resistance (ECR) Measurement using MTM Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1-4 were evaluated using a Mini Traction Machine (MTM) tribometer from PCS Instruments Ltd. in London, UK. The MTM tribometer was configured to operate in pin-on-disk mode, using a PCS Instruments 52100 steel abrasive disc and, instead of pins, 0.25-inch fixed ball bearings also made of 52100 steel from Falex Corporation. The test was performed at 100°C, a load of 7 Newtons, and a sliding speed of 200 mm / s for 40 minutes, followed by a 5-minute break-in run at a load of 0.1 Newtons and a sliding speed of 2000 mm / s.

[0055] The formation of a wear-preventing lubricating film can be measured by electrical contact resistance (ECR). ECR (electrical contact resistance) is an add-on to the standard MTM system. Electrical resistance is measured between the disk and the upper test specimen (ball, pin, or roller).

[0056] An electric potential is applied to the ball. When the upper test piece is completely separated from the lower test piece (disk), the ECR measurement is 100%. If the metals are in direct contact with each other between the test pieces, the contact is short-circuited, and the ECR measurement is 0%. A measurement of 100% indicates that a completely insulating oil film has been formed. The maximum ECR value and the time required to reach 100% ECR (indicating the formation of a lubricating oil film) are also shown in Table 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 1, which did not contain any additives, failed to reach 100% ECR. Similarly, Example 1A, which contained a very low dose of ammonium polyphosphate dispersion, also failed to reach 100% ECR. Examples 1B-1D and Examples 2-4 all reached 100% ECR within a relatively short time frame, and Examples 1D and 12 in particular showed film formation A performance equivalent to Comparative Example 2, which contained the same dose of commercially available ZnDTP wear-resistant additive. [Table 1]

[0058] Baseline formulation A Baseline formulation A was prepared by blending the following components together to obtain a lubricant formulation of SAE 5W-30 viscosity grade: (a) A mixture of a borooxide succinimide dispersant and a non-boronoxide succinimide dispersant, (b) Magnesium sulfonate surfactant, (c) Calcium phenate and calcium sulfonate, (d) Alkylated diphenylamine and hindered phenol antioxidants, (e) Molybdenum succinimide antioxidant, (f) Conventional amounts of pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, and foam inhibitors, (g) A mixture of the remaining Group II base oils.

[0059] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 was formulated using baseline formulation A, which contained 1.03% by weight of commercially available secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP).

[0060] Example 5 Example 5 was formulated using baseline formulation A, which contained 0.77% by weight of commercially available secondary ZnDTP and 0.31% by weight of the ammonium polyphosphate dispersion from Example 1.

[0061] Example 6 Example 6 was formulated using baseline formulation A, which contained 0.52% by weight of commercially available secondary ZnDTP and 0.625% by weight of the ammonium polyphosphate dispersion from Example 1.

[0062] Example 7 Example 7 was formulated using baseline formulation A, which contained 0.26% by weight of commercially available secondary ZnDTP and 0.94% by weight of the ammonium polyphosphate dispersion from Example 1.

[0063] Example 8 Example 8 was formulated using baseline formulation A, to which 1.25% by weight of the ammonium polyphosphate dispersion of Example 1 was added.

[0064] Mini Traction Machine (MTM) Review The lubricating oil compositions of Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-8 were evaluated using a Mini Traction Machine (MTM) tribometer from PCS Instruments Ltd. (London, UK). The MTM tribometer was set to operate in pin-on-disc mode, using a PCS Instruments 52100 steel abrasive disc and a Falex Corporation 52100 steel 0.25-inch fixed ball bearing instead of a pin. The test was conducted at 100°C, a load of 7 Newtons, and a sliding speed of 200 mm / s for 40 minutes, followed by a break-in run of 5 minutes at a load of 0.1 Newtons and a sliding speed of 2000 mm / s. The test results in Table 2 show the wear marks generated on the ball bearings as measured by an optical microscope using a conventional method. The average wear marks from four test runs are shown. [Table 2]

[0065] As shown in Table 2 above, at the same phosphorus-based processing rate, Examples 5-8, containing ash-free ammonium polyphosphate dispersions, exhibit superior wear resistance compared to Comparative Example 3, which contains conventional ZnDTP additives. More importantly, Examples 5-8 contain lower concentrations of sulfated ash than Comparative Example 3. Example 8 does not contain zinc, and therefore has a lower concentration of sulfated ash compared to Comparative Example 3.

[0066] Baseline formulation B Baseline formulation B was prepared by blending the following components together to obtain a lubricant formulation of SAE 5W-30 viscosity grade: (a) succinimide dispersant, (b) Calcium phenate and calcium sulfonate, (c) Alkylated diphenylamine antioxidant, (d) Conventional amounts of pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, and foam inhibitors, (e) A mixture of the remaining Group III base oils.

[0067] Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 4 was formulated using baseline formulation B, which does not contain zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP).

[0068] Comparative Example 5 0.17% by weight of secondary dialkyldithiophosphate zinc was added to form a lubricating oil formulation containing the same additives, base oil, and processing rate as baseline formulation B.

[0069] Comparative Example 6 0.43% by weight of secondary dialkyldithiophosphate zinc was added to form a lubricating oil formulation containing the same additives, base oil, and processing rate as baseline formulation B.

[0070] Example 9 A 0.47% by weight ammonium polyphosphate dispersion of Example 1 was added to form a lubricating oil formulation containing the same additives, base oil, and processing amount as baseline formulation B.

[0071] Sequencing IVA Screener Test Comparative Examples 4-6 and Example 9 were evaluated for valve train wear using a modified version of the sequence IVA test (ASTM D 6891).

[0072] The modified sequence IVA screener test evaluates the performance of lubricants in preventing camshaft lobe wear in overhead camshaft engines. More specifically, the test measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear in spark-ignition engines with overhead valve trains and sliding cam followers. The test is designed to simulate service in taxis, light delivery trucks, and commuter vehicles.

[0073] The sequence IVA screener test method is a 50-hour test consisting of two 25-hour cycles, each cycle running for 25 hours at 40°C followed by 25 hours at 100°C. Unleaded fuel "Haltermann KA24E Green" is used. The test apparatus is a Nissan KA24E 2.4-liter, water-cooled, fuel-injected engine, 4-cylinder inline, with overhead camshafts, featuring two intake valves and one exhaust valve per cylinder.

[0074] The average values ​​of cam wear (average of 7 positions (μm)) are shown in Table 3 below. [Table 3]

[0075] Comparative Example 4, which does not contain wear-resistant additives, shows high average cam wear. Comparative Examples 5 and 6 show low cam wear but high sulfated ash concentration due to ZnDTP. In contrast, Example 9 not only shows excellent wear resistance compared to formulations containing ZnDTP, but also has a low ash concentration.

[0076] To the extent that they do not conflict with the foregoing, all documents described herein, including any priority documents and / or test procedures, are incorporated herein by reference. As will be apparent from the above general description and specific embodiments, various forms of this disclosure have been illustrated and described, but various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited thereto.

[0077] Similarly, the term “comprising” is considered synonymous with the term “comprising.” Likewise, whenever there is a transition phrase “comprising” before a composition, element, or group of elements, one can also imagine the same composition or group of elements that is preceded by a transition phrase such as “consisting essentially of,” “consisting of,” “selected from the group of consisting of,” or “is,” and vice versa.

[0078] As used herein, the terms "a" and "the" are understood to include both singular and plural forms.

[0079] Various terms have been defined above. Unless a term used in the claims is defined above, the broadest definition given to that term by a person skilled in the art in the relevant field, as reflected in at least one printed publication or issued patent, should be given. Furthermore, all patents, test methods, and other documents referenced in this application are invoked in whole by reference to the extent that such disclosure is not inconsistent with this application and in all authority for which such invocation is permitted.

[0080] The above description of this disclosure is illustrative and illustrative. Furthermore, while this disclosure shows and describes only preferred embodiments, it should be understood that, as stated above, this disclosure can be used in a variety of other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be changed or modified within the scope of the concepts expressed herein that are equivalent to the teachings and / or related technical skills or knowledge described above. The above relates to each embodiment of this disclosure, but other further embodiments of this disclosure can be devised without departing from its basic scope, the scope of which will be determined by the claims.

[0081] The embodiments described above are intended to further illustrate well-known best modes for carrying out the invention and to enable those skilled in the art to utilize the disclosure by making various modifications necessary for a particular use or application in such or other embodiments. Therefore, the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the forms disclosed herein. The appended claims are intended to be construed to encompass alternative embodiments. Furthermore, [1] to

[18] below all represent one embodiment or aspect of the present invention. [1] A lubricating oil composition, The majority of the base oil has lubricating viscosity, The lubricating oil composition comprising a polyphosphate-based dispersion containing ammonium polyphosphate and a dispersant. [2] The ammonium polyphosphate has the following structure: [ka] The lubricating oil composition according to [1], having [wherein R is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 1000, and m is n+2]. [3] The lubricating oil composition according to [1], wherein the dispersant is a surfactant. [4] The lubricating oil composition according to [1], wherein the dispersant is a stearate, a benzenesulfonate, a phosphatidylcholine, an alkenyl succinate, an oleate, or an aliphatic alcohol. [5] The lubricating oil composition according to [1] further comprises an antioxidant, a dispersant, an anti-wear agent, a cleaning agent, a rust inhibitor, a de-fogging agent, a de-emulsifier, a friction modifier, a metal deactivator, a pour point depressant, a viscosity modifier, an anti-foaming agent, a co-solvent, a package compatibility agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a pigment, or an extreme pressure additive. [6] The lubricating oil composition according to [1], further comprising zinc dithiophosphate. [7] A lubricating oil composition, The majority of the base oil has lubricating viscosity, Ammonium polyphosphate and A lubricating oil composition comprising a dispersant. [8] The ammonium polyphosphate has the following structure: [ka] The lubricating oil composition according to [7], having [wherein R is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 1000, and m is n+2]. [9] The lubricating oil composition according to [7], wherein the dispersant is a surfactant.

[10] The lubricating oil composition according to [7], wherein the dispersant is a stearate, a benzenesulfonate, a phosphatidylcholine, an alkenyl succinate, an oleate, or an aliphatic alcohol.

[11] The lubricating oil composition according to [7] further comprises an antioxidant, a dispersant, an anti-wear agent, a cleaning agent, a rust inhibitor, a de-fogging agent, a de-emulsifier, a friction modifier, a metal deactivator, a pour point depressant, a viscosity modifier, an anti-foaming agent, a co-solvent, a package compatibility agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a pigment, or an extreme pressure additive.

[12] The lubricating oil composition according to [7], further comprising zinc dithiophosphate.

[13] A method for operating an internal combustion engine, below: The majority of the base oil has lubricating viscosity, Ammonium polyphosphate and The method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil containing a dispersant.

[14] The ammonium polyphosphate has the following structure:

change

[13] , having [wherein R is independently a hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 1000, and m is n+2].

[15] The method according to [7], wherein the dispersant is a surfactant.

[16] The method according to

[13] , wherein the dispersant is a stearate, a benzenesulfonate, a phosphatidylcholine, an alkenyl succinate, an oleate, or an aliphatic alcohol.

[17] The method according to

[13] , wherein the lubricating oil composition further comprises an antioxidant, a dispersant, an anti-wear agent, a cleaning agent, a rust inhibitor, a de-fogging agent, a de-emulsifier, a friction modifier, a metal deactivator, a pour point depressant, a viscosity modifier, an anti-foaming agent, a co-solvent, a package compatibility agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a pigment, or an extreme pressure additive.

[18] The method according to

[13] , further comprising the lubricating oil zinc dithiophosphate.

Claims

1. A lubricating oil composition, A base oil with a lubricating viscosity exceeding 50% by weight of the lubricating oil composition, A polyphosphate-based dispersion containing ammonium polyphosphate and a dispersant, The ammonium polyphosphate has the following structure: 【Chemistry 1】 The lubricating oil composition having [wherein R is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 1000, and m is n+2].

2. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is a surfactant.

3. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is a stearate, a benzenesulfonate, a phosphatidylcholine, an alkenyl succinate, an oleate, or an aliphatic alcohol.

4. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, further comprising an antioxidant, a dispersant, an anti-wear agent, a cleaning agent, a rust inhibitor, a de-fogging agent, a de-emulsifier, a friction modifier, a metal deactivator, a pour point depressant, a viscosity modifier, an anti-foaming agent, a co-solvent, a package compatibility agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a pigment, or an extreme pressure additive.

5. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, further comprising zinc dithiophosphate.

6. A lubricating oil composition, A base oil with a lubricating viscosity exceeding 50% by weight of the lubricating oil composition, Ammonium polyphosphate and A dispersant is included, The ammonium polyphosphate has the following structure: 【Chemistry 2】 A lubricating oil composition having [wherein R is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 1000, and m is n+2].

7. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 6, wherein the dispersant is a surfactant.

8. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 6, wherein the dispersant is a stearate, a benzenesulfonate, a phosphatidylcholine, an alkenyl succinate, an oleate, or an aliphatic alcohol.

9. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 6, further comprising an antioxidant, a dispersant, an anti-wear agent, a cleaning agent, a rust inhibitor, a de-fogging agent, a de-emulsifier, a friction modifier, a metal deactivator, a pour point depressant, a viscosity modifier, an anti-foaming agent, a co-solvent, a package compatibility agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a pigment, or an extreme pressure additive.

10. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 6, further comprising zinc dithiophosphate.

11. A method for operating an internal combustion engine, below: A base oil with a lubricating viscosity exceeding 50% by weight of the lubricating oil composition, Ammonium polyphosphate and The process includes lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition containing a dispersant, The ammonium polyphosphate has the following structure: 【Transformation 3】 The method having [wherein R is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 1000, and m is n+2].

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the dispersant is a surfactant.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the dispersant is a stearate, a benzenesulfonate, a phosphatidylcholine, an alkenyl succinate, an oleate, or an aliphatic alcohol.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the lubricating oil composition further comprises an antioxidant, a dispersant, an anti-wear agent, a cleaning agent, a rust inhibitor, a de-fogging agent, a de-emulsifier, a friction modifier, a metal deactivator, a pour point depressant, a viscosity modifier, an anti-foaming agent, a co-solvent, a package compatibility agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a pigment, or an extreme pressure additive.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the lubricating oil composition further comprises zinc dithiophosphate.

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