Waterproofing testing device for roofing materials

Abstract

To provide a waterproof test device for a roof material capable of simply and quantitatively verifying the waterproof performance of a roof material.SOLUTION: A waterproof test device (1) for a roof material includes a joint reproduction part (2), a roof base reproduction part (3), and a water collection part (5). The joint reproduction part (2) includes; a first roof material and a second roof material (20a, 20b) adjacent to each other in the girder direction; and a third roof material (20c) that is overlaid on the edge of the first and second roof material at the upstream side. With this, a joint part (21) of the first-third roof materials is reproduced. In the water collection part (3), the first-third roof materials are fixed in a state where the joint parts are exposed downwards. With this, the roof base is reproduced partially. The water collection section (5) is provided independently from the roof base reproduction part and receives water that has passed through the joint part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a waterproof test apparatus for roofing materials used on the roofs of buildings such as houses.

Background Art

[0002] Generally, the roof of a house has a composite waterproof structure using finishing materials (roofing materials) such as tiles, slates, and metals for the primary waterproof layer and asphalt roofing and sheathing boards as components of the secondary waterproof layer. Therefore, even if water leakage occurs from the primary waterproof layer, it is structured to stop water and drain it with the secondary waterproof layer. However, from the viewpoints of reducing the maintenance cost of houses and providing long-term warranties, it is important to enhance the waterproof performance of the primary waterproof layer.

[0003] Therefore, as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-299325 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-190578, in order to prevent water from entering from the connection parts between roofing materials, the shape of the ends of the roofing materials has been devised.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] ]> The roofing materials used as the primary waterproofing layer vary in material and shape, including tiles, slates, and metals. Width, length, thickness, surface texture, fixing methods, and overlap dimensions are all adapted to the specific construction method and on-site installation. However, when considering the adoption of materials and construction methods that offer long-term warranties and high durability, optimal decisions must be made at various stages, including the initial development phase and the renovation phase. Therefore, there is a demand for optimized construction methods (including performance testing methods) for both new construction and renovation, aimed at reducing home maintenance costs and developing highly durable materials with long-term warranties.

[0006] The testing equipment used to verify the waterproofing performance of roofs was large and complex, and the only way to check the water penetration of each layer was visually. Therefore, there was a need for a testing device that, despite its simple configuration, could quantitatively grasp the water penetration from the primary waterproofing layer to the secondary waterproofing layer (i.e., the water penetration from the joints of the roofing material).

[0007] The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its objective is to provide a waterproofing test device for roofing materials that can verify the waterproofing performance of roofing materials in a simple and quantitative manner.

[0008] Another objective is to provide a waterproof structure for the joints of roofing materials that can improve the waterproofing performance of the roofing materials without changing the shape of the roofing materials themselves. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A waterproof testing apparatus for roofing materials according to a certain aspect of this invention comprises a joint reproduction section, a roof substrate reproduction section, and a water collection section. The joint reproduction section includes first and second roofing materials adjacent to each other in the girder direction, and a third roofing material superimposed on the upstream ends of the first and second roofing materials, and reproduces the joints of the first to third roofing materials. The roof substrate reproduction section partially reproduces the roof substrate, with the first to third roofing materials fixed in a state where the joints are exposed downwards. The water collection section is provided independently of the roof substrate reproduction section and receives water that has passed through the joints.

[0010] Preferably, the roof underlayment reproduction section is composed of two boards divided in the direction of the beam.

[0011] Preferably, the water collection section includes a first water collection plate positioned substantially horizontally below the joint reproduction section and a second water collection plate positioned upright above the water surface of the joint reproduction section.

[0012] Preferably, the waterproof testing apparatus for roofing materials further comprises angle adjustment means for adjusting the inclination angle of the roof substrate reproduction section.

[0013] Furthermore, the waterproof testing device for roofing materials is further equipped with a water spraying mechanism that sprays water locally onto the joints. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the present invention, the waterproofing performance of roofing materials can be verified simply and quantitatively. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0015] [Figure 1] (A) and (B) are schematic diagrams showing the general configuration of a waterproofing test apparatus for roofing materials according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figures (A) to (C) show details of a waterproof testing apparatus for roofing materials according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This graph shows the waterproofing performance (at the joints) of three types of roofing materials, represented by the amount of water that penetrates into the secondary waterproofing layer. [Figure 4] This figure schematically shows a waterproof structure for the joint portion of a roofing material according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] (A) is a perspective view showing a water-stopping member in an embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is a schematic diagram showing an example of the shape of a convex region at the upstream end of a roofing material. [Figure 6] This graph shows the waterproofing performance of roofing materials (at joints) with and without water-stopping components, expressed as the amount of water that penetrates into the secondary waterproofing layer. [Figure 7](A) to (C) are diagrams schematically showing a general test apparatus.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0016] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and their description will not be repeated.

[0017] <Roofing Material Waterproof Test Apparatus> (Regarding the Configuration) Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the configuration of a roofing material waterproof test apparatus (hereinafter abbreviated as "test apparatus") 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 1(A) is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the test apparatus 1. FIG. 1(B) is a diagram showing an arrangement example of the roofing material in the test apparatus 1. FIG. 2(A) is a cross-sectional view of the test apparatus 1, and FIG. 2(B) is a view of the test apparatus 1 seen from the back side (from the IIB direction in FIG. 2(A)). Note that the arrow A1 in FIG. 1 indicates the underwater side of the pitched roof, and the opposite side indicates the water upper side. The arrow A2 indicates the direction of the roof beam. The cross-sectional view in FIG. 2(A) shows a cross-section along the line IIA-IIA in FIG. 2(B).

[0018] The test apparatus 1 is an apparatus for verifying the performance of the primary waterproof layer when the roofing material 20 is used for the roof of a house. As shown in FIG. 1(A), it includes a joint reproduction part 2 and a roof base reproduction part 3.

[0019] <P The joint reproduction part 2 reproduces the joint parts of a plurality of roofing materials 20 adjacent to each other. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1(B), the joint reproduction part 2 includes the first and second roofing materials 20a, 20b adjacent to each other in the beam direction, and a third roofing material 20c overlapped on the water upper side ends of the first and second roofing materials 20a, 20b. Thereby, the joint part 21 of the first to third roofing materials 20a, 20b, 20c is reproduced. In this case, the joint part 21 is T-shaped in plan view.

[0020] Furthermore, the joint reproduction section 2 may further include a fourth roofing material 20d (shown by dashed lines) that is superimposed on the downstream ends of the first and second roofing materials 20a and 20b, and the joint section 21 may be I-shaped in plan view.

[0021] Referring to Figure 1(A), the roof underlayment reproduction section 3 is a member to which the first to third roofing materials 20a, 20b, and 20c are fixed with the joint section 21 exposed downwards, and partially reproduces the roof underlayment. A typical roof underlayment is made up of flat board material, typically roof sheathing. In this embodiment, the roof underlayment reproduction section 3 is made up of two roof sheathing boards 31 and 32 that are divided in the direction of the beam. The two roof sheathing boards 31 and 32 are supported from below by the support base 7 via a batten 33 located on the downstream side and a batten 34 located above the batten 33 and on the upstream side. The support base 7 and the battens 33 and 34 may be divided in the direction of the beam at the position of the joint reproduction section 2.

[0022] The test apparatus 1 is preferably equipped with an angle adjustment means for adjusting the inclination angle of the roof underlayment reproduction section 3. The angle adjustment means can be realized, for example, by a lifting device (jack) 35 that extends vertically between the support base 7 and the upper-side batten 34, as shown in Figures 2(A) and (B). By changing the height of the batten 34 using the lifting device 35, the inclination of the roof sheathing boards 31 and 32 can be changed as shown in Figure 2(C), so that roof underlayment of various slopes can be reproduced.

[0023] As shown in Figure 1(B), the spacing D between the roof sheathing boards 31 and 32 is less than or equal to the width dimension (length in the rafter direction) of one roofing material 20. This allows the first to third roofing materials 20a, 20b, and 20c to be supported from below, even if the roof sheathing boards are divided into two boards 31 and 32.

[0024] Figures 2(A) and 2(B) show the detailed configuration of the test apparatus 1. The test apparatus 1 further includes a water discharge device 4 and a water collection unit 5 to test the waterproof performance of the joint 21 reproduced by the joint reproduction unit 2.

[0025] The water discharge device 4 includes a main unit 41 and a water discharge nozzle 42. The main unit 41 includes a water storage tank and a pump (not shown) that sends the water from the tank to the water discharge nozzle 42. The water discharge device 4 constitutes a water discharge means for locally spraying water onto the joint portion 21.

[0026] The water collection section 5 receives water that has passed through the joint section 21 (water leaking from the joint section 21) during or after the period in which water is being sprayed onto the joint section 21 from the water discharge nozzle 42. The water collection section 5 is provided independently of the roof base reproduction section 3. Preferably, the water collection section 5 includes a first water collection plate 51 positioned substantially horizontally below the joint reproduction section 2, and a second water collection plate 52 positioned upright on the upstream side of the joint reproduction section 2. These water collection plates 51 and 52 are made of, for example, acrylic plates, but are not limited to this, and may be made of any water-repellent material.

[0027] (Regarding waterproof testing methods) A waterproofing test method for roofing material 20 using the test apparatus 1 according to this embodiment will be described. As shown in Figure 2(A), the water discharge nozzle 42 of the water discharge device 4 is directed towards the joint portion 21 of the first to third roofing materials 20a, 20b, and 20c, and water is sprayed locally onto the joint portion 21 from the downstream side for a certain period of time. Specifically, in the arrangement example shown in Figure 1(B), high-pressure water is sprayed toward the downstream end of the third roofing material 20c (assuming driving rain like that during a typhoon). In this case, water leakage occurs from the gap in the joint portion 21.

[0028] Water droplets dripping from the joint 21 are caught by the first water collection plate 51 located below, and water droplets forcefully blown from the joint 21 by wind pressure are caught by the second water collection plate 52, which is positioned vertically above and below. In addition, some of the water caught by the second water collection plate 52 falls and is caught by the first water collection plate 51. Thus, in this embodiment, since a second water collection plate 52 is provided in addition to the first water collection plate 51, water leaking from the joint 21 can be caught without any loss.

[0029] By measuring the combined amount of water collected by the first water collection plate 51 and the second water collection plate 52, the amount of water seeping in from the joint 21 can be accurately measured. In this way, the water seeping situation (leakage) from the primary waterproofing layer to the secondary waterproofing layer using the roofing material 20 can be quantified and verified.

[0030] Here, we will compare it with a typical test apparatus 100 by referring to Figure 7. As shown in Figures 7(A) and (B), the test apparatus 100 includes a primary waterproofing reproduction section 120 that reproduces the primary waterproofing layer and a secondary waterproofing reproduction section 130 that reproduces the secondary waterproofing layer, and the waterproofing performance of the primary waterproofing layer is verified by applying wind and rain to a wide area of ​​the primary waterproofing reproduction section 120 using a local wind and rain test apparatus 140. The secondary waterproofing reproduction section 130 of the test apparatus 100 includes a roof decking board (roof underlayment) 131 of a predetermined size, and the primary waterproofing reproduction section 120 includes a large number of roofing materials 20 laid on the secondary waterproofing reproduction section 130.

[0031] As shown in Figures 7(B) and (C), the roof decking 131 constituting the secondary waterproofing reproduction section 130 is provided with small slit-shaped through-holes 132, and a transparent acrylic plate 150 is attached to the lower end of these through-holes 132. In the test apparatus 100, wind and rain are applied for a certain period of time using the local wind and rain test apparatus 140, and water droplets are collected on the acrylic plate 150. However, the amount of water collected is not measured, and it is common to evaluate the waterproofing performance of the primary waterproofing layer by visually checking the water droplets accumulated on the acrylic plate 150 from below.

[0032] Therefore, conventional testing equipment 100 was not only bulky, but it also made it difficult to objectively evaluate the waterproofing performance of the primary waterproofing layer.

[0033] In contrast, the test apparatus 1 of this embodiment does not need to reproduce the primary waterproofing layer, but only the joint portion 21 of the roofing material 20, thus simplifying and miniaturizing the apparatus configuration. For example, while conventional test apparatus 100 usually requires 10 or more roofing materials 20, the test apparatus 1 of this embodiment only requires 3 to 4 roofing materials 20, minimizing the number of test specimens.

[0034] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the roof underlayment reproduction section 3 partially reproduces the roof underlayment, and the waterproofing test is performed with the joint section 21 exposed downwards, so that the amount of water leakage from the joint section 21 can be measured easily and accurately. Although it is preferable that the roof underlayment reproduction section 3 be composed of two roof sheathing boards (boards) 31 and 32 divided in the direction of the beam, it is not limited to this example, and for example, one roof sheathing board may be provided with an opening (through hole) large enough to expose the joint section 21 downwards.

[0035] As described above, by using the test apparatus 1 of this embodiment, it is possible to easily verify and compare the waterproofing performance of various types of roofing materials 20, such as cement-based lightweight tiles, slate, F-type tiles, and steel plates.

[0036] Figure 3 is a graph showing the waterproofing performance (at the joints 21) of three types of roofing materials 20, represented by the amount of water infiltration into the secondary waterproofing layer. In this graph, the total and average amount of water infiltration increases in the order of roofing materials (1), (2), and (3). Based on these results, it can be determined that roofing material (1) has relatively high waterproofing performance. In this way, by comparing the waterproofing performance of multiple types of roofing materials 20, it is possible to propose the optimal roofing material 20 with a view to long-term warranty and high durability.

[0037] Furthermore, if there are means to improve the waterproofing performance of the roofing material 20 itself, the range of options available will broaden. Below, we will describe a "waterproof structure for the joint portion of the roofing material" that incorporates means to improve waterproofing performance.

[0038] <Waterproofing structure at the joint of roofing material> Figure 4 schematically shows the waterproof structure 10 of the joint portion of the roofing material, with (A) being a plan view and (B) being a cross-sectional view.

[0039] The waterproof structure 10 of the roofing material joint includes a water-stopping member 6 positioned at the joint 21 of the first to third roofing materials 20a, 20b, and 20c to continuously cover the upstream ends of the first and second roofing materials 20a and 20b.

[0040] As shown in Figure 5(A), the water-stopping member 6 is an L-shaped cross-section member that is long in the girder direction and is composed of a first strip-shaped portion 61 and a second strip-shaped portion 62 that intersect each other (typically perpendicular). The water-stopping member 6 is formed, for example, by bending a thin sheet material at approximately a right angle. The material of the water-stopping member 6 only needs to be durable and may be metal or resin. The water-stopping member 6 may also be flexible.

[0041] As shown in Figure 4(B), in the installed state, the first strip portion 61 is sandwiched between the first and second roofing materials 20a, 20b and the third roofing material 20c, and the second strip portion 62 is in contact with the upstream end faces 22a of the first and second roofing materials 20a, 20b.

[0042] The second strip-shaped portion 62 is attached to the end faces 22a of the first and second roofing materials 20a and 20b using double-sided tape or adhesive. As a result, the waterproofing member 6 is firmly fixed to the joint portion 21 without shifting in either the roof slope direction or the girder direction.

[0043] As shown in Figure 4(B), in some types of roofing materials 20 (for example, lightweight cement tiles), the first to third roofing materials 20a, 20b, and 20c are fixed in such a state that the convex regions 22 formed on the upper surface of the upstream end of the first and second roofing materials 20a and 20b are fitted into the recessed regions 24 formed on the lower surface of the downstream end of the third roofing material 20c. The recessed region 24 is the region adjacent to the downward convex region 23 on the lower surface of the third roofing material 20c. Note that in Figure 4(A), the convex regions 22 are shown with hatching for ease of understanding.

[0044] In this case, the first strip-shaped portion 61 of the water-stopping member 6 is sandwiched between a convex portion 22 and a concave portion 24 that fit together on the upstream side of the downward convex portion 23 of the third roofing material 20c. As a result, even if rainwater blown from the downstream side passes through the downward convex portion 23 of the third roofing material 20c, the presence of the first strip-shaped portion 61 of the water-stopping member 6 prevents or suppresses leakage into the secondary waterproofing layer beyond the convex portion 22 of the first and second roofing materials 20a and 20b.

[0045] The convex region 22 of each roofing material 20 is formed along the entire edge on the upstream side (from one end to the other in the width direction), but as schematically shown in Figure 5(B), recesses 22c may be provided in some places within the convex region 22. In Figure 5(B), the relatively protruding areas are indicated by cross-hatching. In such cases, the first strip-shaped portion 61 of the water-stopping member 6 can be placed over the entire convex region 22 to suppress water ingress into the recesses 22c. As a result, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the roofing material 20 due to rainwater accumulation in the recesses 22c.

[0046] Figure 6 is a graph showing the waterproofing performance of the roofing material 20 (at the joint 21) with and without the water-stopping member 6, expressed as the amount of water infiltration into the secondary waterproofing layer. From the results of this graph, it can be seen that the primary waterproofing layer after the "improvement" with the water-stopping member 6 installed has less water infiltration than the "current" primary waterproofing layer without the water-stopping member 6. Note that the roofing material 20 used in the verification in Figure 6 is the same roofing material (1) used in the verification in Figure 3.

[0047] As described above, the waterproofing of the roofing material 20 can be improved with a simple configuration that involves inserting the water-stopping member 6 into the joint portion 21 between the downstream roofing materials 20a, 20b and the upstream roofing material 20c, without changing the shape of the roofing material 20 itself. Therefore, the waterproofing structure 10 of the roofing material joint portion according to this embodiment is highly versatile and can be effectively used in the primary waterproofing layer of a house roof.

[0048] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims are intended to be included. [Explanation of symbols]

[0049] 1 Waterproofing test device for roofing material, 2 Joint reproduction section, 3 Roof substrate reproduction section, 4 Water discharge device, 5 Water collection section, 6 Water-stopping member, 10 Waterproofing structure of roofing material joint section, 20, 20a, 20b, 20c Roofing material, 21 Joint section, 22, 23 Convex section area, 24 Concave section, 31, 32 Board material (roof sheathing), 35 Lifting device, 51 First water collection board, 52 Second water collection board, 61 First strip section, 62 Second strip section.

Claims

1. The roofing material includes first and second roofing materials adjacent to each other in the girder direction, and a third roofing material superimposed on the upstream ends of the first and second roofing materials, and a joint reproduction section that reproduces the joint portion of the first to third roofing materials, With the joint portion exposed downwards, the first to third roofing materials are fixed in place, and a roofing base reproduction section partially reproduces the roofing base, A waterproofing test apparatus for roofing materials, comprising a water collection section provided independently of the roof substrate reproduction section and for receiving water that has passed through the joint section.

2. The roofing material waterproofing test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the roofing substrate reproduction section is composed of two plate materials divided in the direction of the beam.

3. The waterproof testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water collection section includes a first water collection plate positioned substantially horizontally below the joint reproduction section and a second water collection plate positioned upright above the water surface of the joint reproduction section.

4. The waterproofing test apparatus for roofing materials according to claim 1, further comprising an angle adjustment means for adjusting the inclination angle of the roofing substrate reproduction section.

5. The waterproofing test apparatus for roofing materials according to claim 1, further comprising a water spraying means for locally spraying water onto the joint portion.

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