Semi-basement unit

Abstract

The aim is to provide a lightweight, inexpensive, and easy-to-install semi-underground unit that is unaffected by the live and dead loads of the upper floors of the building. [Solution] The semi-underground unit of the present invention consists of a factory-produced top cover plate, a residential unit or interior wall unit, a soil pressure reinforcement unit, and a retaining wall block body formed on-site. The top cover plate is provided with an entrance that connects to a stair cover unit connected to the underside of the building's floor. The residential unit or interior wall unit consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed of a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a wall structure. The soil pressure reinforcement unit consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed of a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure that protrudes and opens to the ground surface. The retaining wall block body consists of a hollow box-shaped concrete wall whose upper surface protrudes and opens to the ground surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a semi-underground unit that is easy to construct, inexpensive, and lightweight without being affected by the loading load and fixed load of an upper-story building.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, in Japan, the reasons for the lack of basements under houses include high costs, difficulty in moisture countermeasures, and past legal regulations. In particular, due to high construction costs and the need for moisture and waterproofing measures, basements were not widely used as residential facilities in the past. However, with the amendment of the Building Standards Law in 2000, the residential use of basements has been permitted. Subsequently, with the improvement of construction technology and the introduction of the floor area ratio relaxation system, the need to build basements has been increasing year by year.

[0003] The main advantages of providing a basement under a house are that effective use of land can be achieved, a highly earthquake-resistant building can be constructed, and a space with stable heat insulation, sound insulation, and room temperature can be secured. In particular, since the basement has high sound insulation, there is a high demand from people who value quietness or have a hobby of music. Also, since it is less affected by the outside air temperature, it has an energy-saving effect of being cooler in summer and warmer in winter compared to the upper floors, and the basement itself is strong against earthquake shaking and has high earthquake resistance, so there are many advantages in terms of the structure of residential buildings.

[0004] On the other hand, environments where a basement cannot be built in the basement of a house include areas close to groundwater veins, areas with weak ground, areas prone to flooding, and areas where road widening is planned as part of urban development. When building a basement, it is necessary to conduct a ground survey to check the strength of the ground and the possibility of liquefaction to determine whether a basement is suitable for that land. Furthermore, structural calculations for the basement are required for the building, and calculations are mandated to confirm the safety of the building and whether it can withstand its intended use. These calculations determine how the building will deform and what kind of stresses will be generated in the building under live load, dead load, wind load, snow load, and seismic load. This is because if a basement is built and then a two-story or three-story house is built on top of it, it is necessary to perform detailed and meticulous calculations to build a sturdy building.

[0005] Traditionally, when constructing basements or semi-basements for living spaces, the general practice was to assemble temporary formwork around the planned basement construction site, pour concrete into the formwork, and then construct the concrete or steel frame basement. This all-on-site construction method resulted in long construction periods, required many skilled workers, lacked storage space for construction materials, was unable to transport large vehicles, generated loud construction noise, and produced large amounts of waste. These factors raised concerns about the deterioration of the surrounding environment during construction and were challenges in constructing basements.

[0006] Conventional proposals for basements include, for example, a "basement structure" (Patent Document-1) characterized in that a basement unit is housed in a basement pit, and foam is filled in the gap between the inner surface of the basement pit and the outer surface of the basement unit.

[0007] However, the proposed "underground structure" was merely a proposal to fill the gap between the inner surface of the underground pit and the outer surface of the basement unit with foam. Furthermore, structurally, although L-shaped concrete blocks were arranged opposite each other to form the wall, the lower parts of the L-shaped concrete blocks interfered with each other, making it impossible to surround all four sides of the underground structure. Moreover, since the top surface of the underground structure was at the same level as the ground surface, it allowed rainwater to penetrate, and therefore the proposal did not fulfill the function of an underground structure.

[0008] Furthermore, a "semi-basement room for living space" (Patent Document 2) has been proposed, which is constructed by burying an underground structure such that its ceiling surface is 1 meter or less above ground level and at least one-third of the ceiling height is below ground level, wherein the underground structure consists of one or more pre-fabricated metal underground units, which are assembled into a rigid frame structure with a rectangular cross-section in the short-side direction by fixing metal outer plates to the outside of multiple core steel frames, and the portion of the wall structure of the pre-fabricated metal underground unit above ground level is provided in advance during the factory manufacturing of the metal underground unit, characterized in that an opening for lighting and ventilation is provided in advance.

[0009] However, the proposed "semi-basement for living spaces" involves burying the semi-basement independently, with the ceiling surface less than 1 meter above ground level and at least one-third of the ceiling height below ground level. The drawback of the precast concrete panels used in this proposal is that the joints become weak. When concrete manufactured in a factory is transported to the site and connected to other precast concrete panels, the finished products are connected on-site, resulting in joints that tend to be weaker than those made with cast-in-place concrete. This raises concerns about water leakage, cracking, mold, and rust at the joints. Furthermore, because the structure is affected by the live and dead loads of the upper floors, this proposal would lead to increased construction costs for the semi-basement for living spaces itself.

[0010] Furthermore, regarding the above-mentioned semi-basement, a "semi-basement unit" (Patent Document-3) has been proposed, which can be placed under the floor of a house, can be constructed in a short period of time, and can reduce costs.

[0011] However, the proposed "semi-basement unit" has several drawbacks. While it can be used as a component for small rooms because the storage body is made of materials such as FRP, molding it to cover an entire living space in a large house would result in high labor costs and high mold manufacturing costs. Furthermore, if a temperature difference occurs between the ground and the inside of the semi-basement unit, condensation and mold may develop inside the storage body. Therefore, the proposal leaves many issues unresolved before semi-basement units can be used as residential living facilities.

[0012] The applicant, recognizing that conventional basements are affected by the live and dead loads of the upper floors of a building, conceived the idea of ​​providing a semi-basement unit that is easy to construct, inexpensive, and lightweight, without being affected by the live and dead loads of the upper floors. This led to the development of factory-produced and on-site-produced semi-basement units that are embedded beneath the floor of a building, resulting in the "semi-basement unit" proposed in the present invention. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0013] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-30680 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-226429 [Patent Document 3] Published Utility Model No. 58-191245 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0014] This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a semi-underground unit that is easy to construct, inexpensive, and lightweight, without being affected by the live load and dead load of the upper floors of the building. [Means for solving the problem]

[0015] The semi-underground unit in the present invention is a semi-underground unit embedded beneath the floor of a building, and the semi-underground unit consists of a factory-produced top cover plate, a residential unit or interior wall unit, a soil pressure reinforcement unit, and a retaining wall block body formed on-site, the top cover plate is formed to cover the upper surfaces of the residential unit or interior wall unit and the retaining wall block body, with an entrance / exit connected to a stair cover unit connected beneath the floor of the building, the residential unit or interior wall unit has a waterproofing treatment means applied to its outer wall surface, and the frame is made of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed of a structural seismic-resistant / reinforcement structure such as a wall structure. The soil pressure reinforcement unit consists of a room-type unit or a wall-type unit, and the soil pressure reinforcement unit consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed of a structural seismic-resistant / reinforcement structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall-type structure that protrudes and opens to the ground surface, and formwork reinforcement plates are welded to the four sides and bottom surface, and waterproofing treatment means are applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcement plates, and the retaining wall block employs a means in which lean concrete is poured between the excavated hole and the soil pressure reinforcement unit so that the formwork reinforcement plates of the soil pressure reinforcement unit act as a lean concrete frame, and the upper surface protrudes and opens to the ground surface, forming a hollow box-shaped concrete wall.

[0016] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit in the present invention is constructed by forming the retaining wall block body from reinforced concrete.

[0017] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit in the present invention is a semi-underground unit embedded beneath the floor of a building, and the semi-underground unit consists of a factory-produced top cover plate, a dwelling unit or interior wall unit, a soil pressure reinforcement unit, and precast concrete panels installed at the factory or on site, and the top cover plate is formed in a shape that covers the upper surfaces of the dwelling unit or interior wall unit and the precast concrete panels, with an entrance / exit that connects to a stair cover unit connected beneath the floor of the building, and the dwelling unit or interior wall unit has waterproofing treatment means applied to its outer wall surface, and the structure is a wall-type structure or the like. The soil pressure reinforcement unit consists of a room-type unit or a wall-type unit made of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed with an earthquake-resistant and reinforced structure, and the soil pressure reinforcement unit consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame made of an earthquake-resistant and reinforced structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall-type structure that protrudes and opens up to the ground surface, and formwork reinforcement plates are welded to the four sides and bottom surface, and waterproofing means are applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcement plates, and the precast concrete panel is attached via mounting means so as to completely cover the formwork reinforcement plates, which have waterproofing means applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the four sides and bottom surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit in this invention is located under the floor of a building. Alternatively, the upper surface may protrude from the ground surface and stand alone. A semi-underground unit to be buried, the semi-underground unit comprising a factory-produced top covering plate and a soil pressure reinforcement unit, the top covering plate being connected to the underfloor of the building. An entrance / exit is provided that is connected to the stair cover unit. The soil pressure reinforcement unit is formed in a shape that covers the upper surface, and the soil pressure reinforcement unit is The top surface is above the ground The structure consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure with protruding openings. Formwork reinforcing plates are welded to the four sides and bottom, and waterproofing measures are applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcing plates.

[0019] In addition, the semi-underground unit in the present invention adopts means of filling a foamed resin member in the gap between the soil pressure reinforcement unit and the living unit or the inner wall unit.

[0020] In addition, the semi-underground unit in the present invention adopts means of burying the soil pressure reinforcement unit described in claim 1 underground and installing a corrugated steel plate and a carport on the top surface portion of the soil pressure reinforcement unit.

[0021] In addition, the semi-underground unit in the present invention adopts means of burying the soil pressure reinforcement unit described in claim 1 underground and installing a sunroof body on the top surface portion of the soil pressure reinforcement unit.

Advantages of the Invention

[0022] According to the semi-underground unit in the present invention, by comprising a factory-produced top surface covering plate, a living unit or an inner wall unit, a soil pressure reinforcement unit, and a retaining wall block body formed on-site, construction is easy without being affected by the load and fixed load of the upper floor building, and factory production that is inexpensive and lightweight can be achieved. Moreover, two production methods of on-site production that enable shortening of the construction period can be selected, and thus excellent effects are achieved.

[0023] In addition, according to the semi-underground unit in the present invention, by adopting a structure in which the soil pressure reinforcement unit is not affected by the load and fixed load of the upper floor building, the soil pressure reinforcement unit can be formed of inexpensive and lightweight light steel frames, and thus excellent effects are achieved.

[0024] In addition, according to the semi-underground unit in the present invention, by respectively applying waterproof treatment means to the living unit or the inner wall unit and the soil pressure reinforcement unit, excellent effects such as sufficient countermeasures against intrusion of groundwater, moisture, and condensation can be achieved.

[0025] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit of the present invention has the excellent effect of allowing the use of provisions that exempt it from floor area ratio calculations (provisions under the Building Standards Act, etc.) because the underground structure is constructed by burying the underground structure so that its ceiling surface is 1 meter or less above ground level and at least one-third of the ceiling height is located below ground level.

[0026] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit of the present invention is not affected by the live load and dead load of the upper floor structure, so it can be constructed without changing the design of the upper floor structure according to the conventional architectural design, thereby achieving excellent effects such as cost reduction in design and construction costs.

[0027] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit according to the present invention offers excellent advantages, such as enabling the construction of the semi-underground unit in areas with weak ground or land prone to liquefaction, by forming the retaining wall block body with reinforced concrete.

[0028] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit of the present invention offers excellent advantages, such as the ability to easily install the soil pressure reinforcement unit at the factory or on-site by attaching a precast concrete panel to the outer surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit, and a significant reduction in construction time and duration.

[0029] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit according to the present invention offers the excellent advantage of being able to provide an inexpensive semi-underground unit because it is formed from the minimum necessary unit configuration of a top covering plate, an inner wall unit, and a soil pressure reinforcement unit, all of which are manufactured in a factory.

[0030] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit of the present invention provides excellent effects, such as preventing moisture and mold growth by filling the gap between the soil pressure reinforcement unit and the housing unit or interior wall unit with foamed resin material.

[0031] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit of the present invention offers excellent advantages, such as allowing the above-ground floor to be used as a garage and the underground floor as a multi-purpose utility space, by burying the soil pressure reinforcement unit underground and installing checkered steel plates and a carport on the top surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit.

[0032] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit of the present invention offers excellent advantages, such as the ability to utilize the underground space as a versatile utility space, including a multi-purpose sunroof house, by burying a soil pressure reinforcement unit underground and installing a sunroof body on the top surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0033] [Figure 1] This is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. (Example 1) [Figure 2] This is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating the semi-underground unit of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a plan view and cross-sectional diagram illustrating the installation state of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is an explanatory diagram showing the construction procedure for the semi-underground unit of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. (Example 2) [Figure 6] This is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. (Example 3) [Figure 7] This is an explanatory diagram showing the construction procedure for the semi-underground unit of the present invention. [Figure 8] This is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. (Example 4) [Figure 9] This is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. (Example 5) [Figure 10] This is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. (Example 6) [Figure 11]This is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. (Example 7)

[0034] The semi-underground unit 10 in this invention is characterized by its ease of construction, low cost, and lightweight nature, as it is not affected by the live load or dead load of the upper floor building H, and is manufactured both in a factory and on-site. Embodiments of this invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0035] Furthermore, the semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and can be appropriately modified within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, that is, within the range of shapes and dimensions that can achieve the same effects.

[0036] Furthermore, the semi-basement unit 10 of the present invention is equipped with means to ensure adequate lighting, moisture protection, ventilation, and airflow, as well as to eliminate feelings of confinement, in order to comply with the Building Standards Act for basements, and to ensure an escape route. [Example 1]

[0037] Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of the semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention. The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention is a semi-underground unit 10 that is buried under the floor of a building H in an area with relatively weak ground or land that is prone to liquefaction, and consists of a factory-produced top covering plate 11, a residential unit 12 or an interior wall unit 13, a soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, and a retaining wall block body 15 that is molded on-site.

[0038] The top cover plate 11 is formed to cover the upper surface of the residential unit 12 or interior wall unit 13 and retaining wall block body 15, with an entrance provided for connection to the stair cover unit 11a which is connected to the underfloor of the building H. The building H and the semi-basement unit 10 are connected by the stair cover unit 11a, and ventilation openings, an electrical control panel, etc. are provided on the upper surface. The material of the top covering plate 11 is made of lightweight materials such as wood, synthetic resin, or metal plate, so as not to be affected by the live load and dead load of the upper floor structure.

[0039] The residential unit 12 has waterproofing treatment 16 on its exterior walls, and its structure consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame 14a formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a wall structure. The interior is finished to the room specifications specified by the user, and wall materials with humidity control properties such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite board, and EcoCarat are used on the interior walls. In addition, there is an access staircase that goes between the basement and the first floor.

[0040] The interior wall unit 13 has a waterproofing treatment means 16 on its exterior wall surface, and the structure consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame 14a formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a wall-type structure. The interior wall surface uses wall materials with humidity control properties such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite board, and EcoCarat. In addition, there is an access staircase that goes between the basement and the first floor.

[0041] The soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame 14a formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforcement structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure that protrudes and opens to the ground surface G. Formwork reinforcement plates 14b are welded to the four sides and bottom surface, and waterproofing means 16 are provided on both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcement plates 14b.

[0042] The formwork reinforcement plate 14b is attached to the outer frame of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 and serves as a lean concrete frame that receives the pressure of the soil. It is formed from, for example, steel plates, synthetic resin plates, chemically treated plywood, wall tiles, stone slabs, etc.

[0043] The retaining wall block 15 is constructed by pouring lean concrete C between the excavation hole K and the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, so that the formwork reinforcement plate 14b of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 acts as a lean concrete frame. It consists of a hollow box-shaped lean concrete wall whose upper surface protrudes from the ground surface G and opens up.

[0044] The waterproofing treatment means 16 is applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 and the outer wall surface of the housing unit 12 or the inner wall unit 13. The paint itself is, for example, a water-based two-component epoxy resin paint that has excellent waterproofing, rust prevention, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, durability, heat resistance, and adhesion properties, so that a hard and thick coating film plays a role in providing a strong waterproofing and rust prevention effect. Furthermore, the waterproofing treatment means 16 can be applied by dipping, spraying, brushing, or other methods.

[0045] The leveling device 24 is provided, for example, at the four corners of the lightweight steel frame 14a at the inner bottom of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, and the level is adjusted by screwing in bolts that come into contact with the positioning pad 23.

[0046] The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention, which is constructed as described above, has the following functions. (1) Ventilation measures • Installation of a mechanical ventilation system: In basements without windows, a mechanical ventilation system or exhaust fan is installed to forcibly expel air and bring in fresh air, preventing moisture buildup. • Use of a circulating fan: Install a circulating fan to create airflow and direct air to corners and behind furniture where moisture tends to accumulate. (2) Dehumidification measures • Continuous operation of the dehumidifier: In basements where humidity tends to be high, control humidity by continuously using the dry mode of the air conditioner or a dehumidifier. • Manage with a hygrometer: Install an indoor hygrometer and maintain humidity below 60%, where mold is likely to grow. (3) Insulation and waterproofing measures • Improved insulation performance: Insulation materials and board finishes are used on the interior walls to prevent condensation caused by temperature differences with the outside air. • Waterproofing and moisture-proofing treatment: Waterproofing and moisture-proofing treatment is applied to the structural parts of the basement, and cracks and gaps are repaired to prevent moisture from entering from the outside. (4) Cleaning and measures to prevent dust intrusion • Frequent cleaning: Regularly clean to remove dust and dirt that can serve as nutrients for mold growth. • Dust intrusion: Dust intrusion is prevented by filling the gaps between the retaining wall block 15 and the residential unit 12 or interior wall unit 13 with foamed resin material 19. (See Figure 9) • Use of humidity-regulating wall materials: Humidity is controlled by using humidity-regulating wall materials such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite board, and EcoCarat. (5) Drainage measures • By providing drainage pipes with check valves (not shown) in part of the retaining wall block 15 and the raft foundation B, a means of draining water is provided in case groundwater enters the semi-underground unit 10 due to any reason.

[0047] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating the semi-underground unit of the present invention. Figure 2(a) is a cross-sectional view showing the installed state of the semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention. Figure 2(b) is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating the soil pressure and groundwater intrusion conditions of the semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention. (1) Soil pressure is blocked by retaining wall block bodies 15 formed of box-shaped lightweight steel frames 14a, which are formed by structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structures such as rigid frame structures and wall-type structures. (2) Groundwater intrusion due to cracks in the retaining wall block 15 caused by any factor is blocked by the waterproofing means 16 on both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14. (3) The structure is formed in such a way that groundwater intrusion is prevented by a triple structure consisting of waterproofing means 16 on both sides of the inner and outer wall surfaces of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 and on the outer wall surface of the housing unit 12 or the inner wall unit 13.

[0048] The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention, as configured as described above, enables the provision of a semi-underground unit 10 in which soil pressure is blocked by the retaining wall block body 15 and the lightweight steel frame 14a of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, and groundwater intrusion is prevented by the triple structure of waterproofing means 16 on both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 and the outer wall surface of the residential unit 12 or inner wall unit 13.

[0049] Figure 3 is a plan view and cross-sectional diagram illustrating the installation state of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. Figure 3(a) shows the location of the foundation (foundation frame) D of the upper floor building H. Typically, the semi-basement unit 10 is installed within the floor plan of the upper floor building H and is located in a position where it is not affected by the live load and dead load of the upper floor building H.

[0050] Figure 3(b) shows the position of the base (foundation frame) D of the upper floor building H. When the semi-basement unit 10 crosses the floor plan of the upper floor building H, it is formed with a structure that suppresses the bending of the floor surface by either adding bracing 27 to the floor frame 26 of building H, or by making the floor frame 26 itself thicker, as shown in Figure 3(c).

[0051] Figure 3(c) shows the position of the base (foundation frame) D of the upper floor building H. The structure can be designed to suppress floor surface flexing by adding bracing 27 to the floor frame 26 of building H or by making the floor frame 26 itself thicker.

[0052] The semi-basement unit 10 of the present invention, as configured above, makes it possible to provide a semi-basement unit 10 that is not affected by the live load and fixed load of the building H on the upper floors.

[0053] Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the construction procedure of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. (1) Excavate a hole K that is slightly larger than the total volume of the semi-underground unit 10. (See Figure 4(a)) (2) Place crushed stone at the bottom of the excavation hole K, construct the reinforced concrete slab foundation B, and then place the positioning pad 23. (See Figure 4(b)) (3) After curing, the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 is lifted by a crane and placed on the positioning pad 23. (See Figure 4(c)) (4) The horizontal level of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 is adjusted by a leveling device 24 located inside the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14. (5) Pour lean concrete C into the gap between the excavation hole K and the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14. (If you want to smooth the outer wall surface of the lean concrete C on the excavation hole K side, you can also attach a sacrificial formwork (not shown) surrounding the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 via width-retaining brackets (not shown). (See Figure 4(d)) (6) Remove any voids from the filling portion of the lean concrete C on the outside of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 using a handheld mixer or vibrator. (7) Furthermore, remove any voids by tapping the inside of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 with a wooden hammer. (8) Gradually increase the height of the lean concrete C, and set up a wooden frame (not shown) slightly above the ground surface G to allow it to cure. (9) The residential unit 12 or interior wall unit 13 is suspended by a crane and installed inside the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, then connected and fixed. (See Figure 4(e)) (10) The underfloor area of ​​building H and the opening of the top cover plate 11 are connected by a stair cover unit 11a. (See Figure 4(f))

[0054] The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention, as described above, is not affected by the live load and dead load of the building H on the upper floors. Furthermore, by pouring lean concrete C into the gap between the excavation hole K and the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, the formwork reinforcement plate 14b of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 becomes the lean concrete frame for the lean concrete C, thus enabling the provision of a semi-underground unit 10 that significantly shortens the construction period and reduces construction costs. [Example 2]

[0055] Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention employs a method in which the retaining wall block body 15 is formed of concrete containing retaining wall reinforcement 15a, and is buried under the floor of a building H in areas with weak ground or land where liquefaction is possible. The semi-underground unit 10 consists of a factory-produced top covering plate 11, a residential unit 12 or an interior wall unit 13, a soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, and a retaining wall block body 15 formed on-site from concrete containing retaining wall reinforcement 15a.

[0056] This is an explanatory diagram showing the construction procedure for the semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention. (1) Dig an excavation hole K that is slightly larger than the total volume of the semi-underground unit 10. (2) After placing crushed stone at the bottom of the excavation hole K and constructing the reinforced concrete slab foundation B with steel bars F, position the positioning pad 23. (3) At the installation location of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, the reinforcing bars F are assembled upwards from the reinforced concrete slab foundation B in a U-shape, and then connected and fixed. (See Figure 5(a)) (4) After curing, the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 is lifted by a crane and placed on the positioning pad 23. (5) The horizontal level of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 is adjusted by a leveling device 24 located inside the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14. (6) Pour lean concrete C into the gap between the excavation hole K and the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14. (See Figure 5(b)) (If you wish to smooth the outer wall surface of the lean concrete C on the excavation hole K side, you can also attach a sacrificial formwork (not shown) surrounding the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 via width-retaining brackets (not shown).) (7) Remove any voids from the filling portion of the lean concrete C on the outside of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 using a handheld mixer or vibrator. (8) Furthermore, remove any voids by tapping the inside of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 with a wooden hammer. (9) Gradually increase the height of the lean concrete C and set up a wooden frame slightly higher than the ground surface G to allow it to cure. (10) After the residential unit 12 or interior wall unit 13 is lifted and installed inside the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 by a crane, it is connected and fixed. (11) The opening in the floor of building H and the top cover plate 11 are connected by a stair cover unit 11a. (See Figure 5(c))

[0057] The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention, as described above, is constructed in areas with weak ground or land prone to liquefaction, because the retaining wall block body 15 is made of concrete containing retaining wall reinforcement 15a. [Example 3]

[0058] Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of the semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention. The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention consists of a factory-produced top covering plate 11, a residential unit 12 or an interior wall unit 13, a soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, and precast concrete panels 17 that are installed at the factory or on site.

[0059] The top cover plate 11 is formed in a shape that covers the upper surface of the residential unit 12 or interior wall unit 13 and the precast concrete panel 17, with an entrance provided for connection to the stair cover unit 11a which is connected to the underside of the building H.

[0060] The residential unit 12 has waterproofing treatment 16 on its exterior walls, and its structure consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame 14a formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a wall structure. The interior is finished to the room specifications specified by the user, and wall materials with humidity control properties such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite board, and EcoCarat are used on the interior walls. In addition, there is an access staircase that goes between the basement and the first floor.

[0061] The interior wall unit 13 has a waterproofing treatment means 16 on its exterior wall surface, and the structure consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame 14a formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a wall-type structure. The interior wall surface uses wall materials with humidity control properties such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite board, and EcoCarat. In addition, there is an access staircase that goes between the basement and the first floor.

[0062] The soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame 14a formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforcement structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure that protrudes and opens to the ground surface G. Formwork reinforcement plates 14b are welded to the four sides and bottom surface, and waterproofing means 16 are applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcement plates 14b. (See Figure 2(a))

[0063] The formwork reinforcement plate 14b is a reinforcement plate attached to the outer frame of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 that receives the pressure of the soil. It is made of, for example, steel plate, synthetic resin plate, chemically treated plywood, wall tile, stone slab, etc.

[0064] The waterproofing treatment means 16 is applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 and the outer wall surface of the housing unit 12 or the inner wall unit 13. The paint itself is, for example, a water-based two-component epoxy resin paint that has excellent waterproofing, rust prevention, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, durability, heat resistance, and adhesion properties, so that a hard and thick coating film plays a role in providing a strong waterproofing and rust prevention effect. Furthermore, the waterproofing treatment means 16 can be applied in the factory or on site by methods such as dipping, spraying, or brushing.

[0065] The precast concrete panel 17 is formed by attaching a formwork reinforcing plate 14b, which has waterproofing treatment means 16 applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the four sides and bottom of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, to the precast concrete panel 17 (PC panel) in a panel-shaped concrete member that is manufactured in advance at a factory. Furthermore, precast concrete panels 17 eliminate variations in quality at construction sites, have high concrete density, and ensure sufficient concrete cover thickness (the thickness of the concrete covering the reinforcing bars F), resulting in superior durability and strength, and eliminating concerns about rust. For these reasons, they are used in a wide range of applications, including exterior walls, floor slabs, and roof slabs. Furthermore, since precast concrete panels 17 can be assembled and waterproofed in the factory or on-site, stable, high-quality construction, shorter construction periods, and cost reductions can be achieved.

[0066] The purpose of using precast concrete panels 17 is to directly attach the precast concrete panels 17 to the formwork reinforcement plate 14b surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, thereby receiving soil pressure with the outer wall surface of the precast concrete panels 17 and the box-shaped lightweight steel frame 14a formed by the structural seismic-resistant and reinforcement structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure, while preventing the intrusion of groundwater, etc., with the formwork reinforcement plate 14b having waterproofing treatment means 16 applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the four sides and the bottom. In particular, for waterproofing at the connection points between precast concrete panels 17, for example, acrylic, epoxy resin, silicone, or vinyl acetate resin adhesives are used as concrete adhesives (which also serve as joint fillers).

[0067] To further enhance the waterproofing effect in this invention, the outer surface of the precast concrete panels 24, which are attached to the four sides and bottom of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 22 in the factory or on site, can be spray-painted with a water-based two-component epoxy resin paint that has excellent waterproofing, rust prevention, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, durability, heat resistance, and adhesion properties. This will create a hard and thick coating that provides a strong waterproofing and rust prevention effect.

[0068] The mounting method involves, for example, creating a counterbore hole at any location on the precast concrete panel 17, screwing a tightening bolt to the lightweight steel frame 14a of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, filling it with waterproof resin, and then sealing it with a sealing cap.

[0069] Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the construction procedure of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. (1) Dig an excavation hole K that is slightly larger than the total volume of the semi-underground unit 10. (See Figure 7(a)) (2) After placing crushed stone at the bottom of the excavation hole K and constructing the reinforced concrete slab foundation B with steel bars F, position the positioning pad 23. (See Figure 7(b)) (3) After curing, the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 with the precast concrete panels 17 attached is lifted by a crane and placed on the positioning pad 23. (Whether the precast concrete panels 17 are attached to the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 at the time of factory shipment or on-site construction is decided arbitrarily in consideration of the construction circumstances at the time.) (See Figure 7(c)) (4) The horizontal level of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 is adjusted by a leveling device 24 provided inside the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14. (5) Backfill the gap between the excavation hole K and the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 with soil T. (See Figure 7(d)) (6) After the residential unit 12 or interior wall unit 13 is suspended by a crane and installed inside the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, it is connected and fixed in place. (See Figure 7(e)) (7) The underfloor area of ​​building H and the opening of the top cover plate 11 are connected by the stair cover unit 11a. (See Figure 7(f))

[0070] The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention, as described above, allows for the completion of construction work simply by lifting and transporting the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 into the excavation hole K using a crane, without forming a retaining wall block body 15 as in conventional construction work. This makes it possible to provide a semi-underground unit 10 that can significantly reduce the number of days, man-hours, and personnel costs in construction. [Example 4]

[0071] Figure 8 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. Figure 8(a) is an exploded perspective view of the semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention. Figure 8(b) is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing the installation state of the semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention. The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention is located beneath the floor of building H. Alternatively, the upper surface may protrude from the ground surface and stand alone. The buried semi-underground unit, the semi-underground unit 10, consists of a factory-produced top covering plate 11 and a soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, the top covering plate 11 being connected to the underfloor of the building H. An entrance / exit is provided that is connected to the stair cover unit 11a.The soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 is formed in a shape that covers the upper surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, The top surface is above the ground It consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame 14a formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure that protrudes and opens, with formwork reinforcement plates 14b welded to the four sides and bottom surface, and further waterproofing means 16 applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcement plates 14b.

[0072] The top covering plate 11 is formed in a shape that covers the upper surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, with an entrance / exit that connects to the stair cover unit 11a which is connected to the underside of the building H.

[0073] The soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame 14a formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforcement structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure that protrudes and opens to the ground surface G. Formwork reinforcement plates 14b are welded to the four sides and bottom surface, and waterproofing means 16 are applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcement plates 14b. (See Figure 2(a))

[0074] The waterproofing treatment means 16 is applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14. The paint itself is, for example, a water-based two-component epoxy resin paint that has excellent waterproofing, rust prevention, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, durability, heat resistance, and adhesion properties, so that the hard and thick coating provides a strong waterproofing and rust prevention effect. Furthermore, the waterproofing treatment means 16 can be applied by dipping, spraying, brushing, or other methods.

[0075] This invention provides a semi-underground unit 10 for use as a storage room or warehouse, etc., that is not intended for residential use, and is to be constructed in a location where a certain degree of ground firmness is maintained and where it is not affected by water pressure.

[0076] The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention, as described above, is simply composed of a top covering plate 11 and a soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, and can be used as a storage room for summer and winter items, a wine cellar, a shelter or food storage facility in the event of an emergency or disaster. Furthermore, because the construction costs are low, multiple semi-underground units 10 can be built in a single house. [Example 5]

[0077] Figure 9 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. Figure 9 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating the semi-underground unit of the present invention. The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention is made by filling the gaps between the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 and the dwelling unit 12 or the interior wall unit 13 with foamed resin material 19.

[0078] The foamed resin component 19 is, for example, a site-foamed rigid polyurethane foam material with high heat insulation and strength, and a closed-cell structure in which air bubbles are sealed, making it difficult for water or water vapor to penetrate into the material. This material is filled into the gap between the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 and the housing unit 12 or interior wall unit 13 during on-site construction.

[0079] The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention, as described above, is equipped with a multi-layered waterproof, moisture-proof, and dustproof means that prevents the intrusion of groundwater, moisture, mold, garbage, and small animals. This is achieved by filling a foamed resin member 19 between the waterproofing treatment means 16 applied to the inner wall surface of the formwork reinforcing plate 14b of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 and the waterproofing treatment means 16 applied to the outer wall surface of the dwelling unit 12 or the inner wall unit 13. [Example 6]

[0080] Figure 10 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention is formed by burying the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 described in claim 1 underground, and installing a checkered steel plate 20 and a carport 21 on the top surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14.

[0081] The checkered steel plate 20 is formed in a flat shape that covers the top surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, forms an entrance hole for entering underground, and is supported by the lightweight steel frame 14a of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14.

[0082] The carport 21 is connected to and fixed to the top surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, so that the load of the parked vehicle and the carport 21, as well as the fixed load, are supported by the lightweight steel frame 14a of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14.

[0083] The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention, as described above, provides a semi-underground unit 10 for use as a storage room or warehouse not intended for residential purposes, and is constructed in a location where a certain degree of ground firmness is maintained and where it is not affected by water pressure. [Example 7]

[0084] Figure 11 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the semi-underground unit of the present invention. The soil pressure reinforcement unit 14 described in claim 1 is buried underground, and a sunroof body 22 is installed on the top surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14.

[0085] The sunroof body 22 is formed in the shape of a transparent glass chamber that covers the top surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14, forming an entrance hole to the underground, and the live load and fixed load of the sunroof body 22 are supported by the lightweight steel frame 14a of the soil pressure reinforcement unit 14.

[0086] The semi-underground unit 10 of the present invention, as described above, provides a semi-underground unit 10 for use as a storage room or warehouse not intended for residential purposes, and is constructed in a location where a certain degree of ground firmness is maintained and where it is not affected by water pressure. [Industrial applicability]

[0087] The semi-basement unit of the present invention is easy to construct without being affected by the live load and dead load of the upper floors of the building, and is also inexpensive and lightweight. Therefore, we believe that the "semi-basement unit" of the present invention has extremely great industrial applicability. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0088] 10 semi-basement units 11 Top cover plate 11a Staircase Cover Unit 12 residential units 13 Interior wall unit 14. Soil pressure reinforcement unit 14a Lightweight Steel Frame 14b Formwork Reinforcement Plate 15 Retaining wall block 15a Retaining wall reinforcement 16 Waterproofing treatment means 17 Precast concrete panels 19 Foamed resin component 20 Checkered steel plate 21 Carport 22 Sunroof Body 23 Positioning pad 24 Leveling device 26 Floor frame 27. Bracing C. Lean concrete H Building F Reinforcement G surface K Excavation hole D. Foundation (foundation frame) B. Slab foundation T Sediment

Claims

1. A semi-underground unit that is embedded beneath the floor of a building, The aforementioned semi-underground unit consists of a factory-produced top covering plate, a residential unit or interior wall unit, a soil pressure reinforcement unit, and a retaining wall block body that is molded on-site. The aforementioned top covering plate is formed in a shape that covers the upper surface of the residential unit or the interior wall unit and the retaining wall block body, with an opening that connects to a stair cover unit connected to the underside of the building's floor. The aforementioned residential unit or interior wall unit consists of a room-type unit or a wall-type unit, with waterproofing treatment means applied to the exterior wall surface, and the frame being a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a wall-type structure. The aforementioned soil pressure reinforcement unit consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforcement structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure that protrudes and opens to the ground surface, and formwork reinforcement plates are welded to the four sides and bottom surface, and waterproofing means are applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcement plates. The retaining wall block is a semi-underground unit characterized in that, by pouring lean concrete between the excavation hole and the soil pressure reinforcement unit, the formwork reinforcement plate of the soil pressure reinforcement unit acts as a lean concrete frame, and the upper surface is a hollow box-shaped concrete wall that protrudes from the ground surface and opens up.

2. The semi-underground unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the retaining wall block body is made of reinforced concrete.

3. A semi-underground unit that is embedded beneath the floor of a building, The aforementioned semi-underground unit consists of a factory-produced top covering plate, a residential unit or interior wall unit, a soil pressure reinforcement unit, and precast concrete panels installed at the factory or on site. The aforementioned top covering plate is formed in a shape that covers the upper surface of the residential unit or the interior wall unit and the precast concrete panel, with an opening that connects to a stair cover unit connected to the underside of the building's floor. The aforementioned residential unit or interior wall unit consists of a room-type unit or a wall-type unit, with waterproofing treatment means applied to the exterior wall surface, and the frame being a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a wall-type structure. The aforementioned soil pressure reinforcement unit consists of a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed by a structural seismic-resistant and reinforcement structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure that protrudes and opens to the ground surface, and formwork reinforcement plates are welded to the four sides and bottom surface, and waterproofing means are applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcement plates. The semi-underground unit is characterized in that the precast concrete panel is attached via mounting means so as to completely cover the formwork reinforcing plate, which has waterproofing treatment means applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the four sides and bottom of the soil pressure reinforcement unit, without any gaps.

4. A semi-underground unit in which the underside or top surface of a building protrudes from the ground surface and is buried independently, The aforementioned semi-underground unit consists of a factory-produced top covering plate and a soil pressure reinforcement unit. The aforementioned top covering plate is formed in a shape that covers the upper surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit, with an entrance / exit provided for connection to a stair cover unit connected to the underside of the building's floor. The aforementioned soil pressure reinforcement unit is a semi-underground unit characterized by comprising a box-shaped lightweight steel frame formed of a structural seismic-resistant and reinforced structure such as a rigid frame structure and a wall structure, with the top surface protruding and opening above the ground surface, and having formwork reinforcement plates welded to the four sides and bottom surface, and further having waterproofing means applied to both the inner and outer wall surfaces of the formwork reinforcement plates.

5. The semi-underground unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a foamed resin member is filled into the gap between the soil pressure reinforcement unit and the housing unit or the interior wall unit.

6. A semi-underground unit characterized by burying the soil pressure reinforcement unit described in claim 1 underground, and installing a checkered steel plate and a carport on the top surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit.

7. A semi-underground unit characterized by burying the soil pressure reinforcement unit described in claim 1 underground and installing a sunroof body on the top surface of the soil pressure reinforcement unit.

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