A combined furrowing, fertilizing, and soil covering machine for tea plantations in mountainous areas.

Abstract

To provide a multi-functional machine for mountain tea fields that can be applied to the application of organic fertilizer in mountain tea fields, can realize the functions of fertilization, furrow cultivation and soil covering, has abundant functions, has high work efficiency, and applies fertilizer by a furrow fertilization method, thereby improving the efficiency of fertilizer use. [Solution] The system comprises a mounting platform and a transport system, a power system, a fertilization system, a furrowing system and a soil covering system that are placed on the mounting platform, the power system being connected to the transport system, the fertilization system, the furrowing system and the soil covering system, respectively, and the furrowing system being located between the fertilization system and the soil covering system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and specifically to a combined operation machine for furrow making, fertilizing, and soil covering in mountain tea gardens.

Background Art

[0002] In tea production, fertilization is an important means to improve the yield and quality of tea leaves. Among them, the application of chemical fertilizers is highly valued in tea production due to its convenience and high fertilizer efficiency. However, long-term or excessive application of chemical fertilizers destroys the soil structure of the tea garden, acidifies the soil, causes a large amount of soil nutrients to be lost, and ultimately causes pollution to a certain extent in surface water and groundwater. In addition, excessive application of chemical fertilizers may also reduce the yield and quality of tea leaves. Furthermore, in the application of chemical fertilizers, in order to save labor, producers usually apply chemical fertilizers by methods such as spraying or dropping, so the nutrients of tea trees concentrate on the soil surface. Since the roots of tea trees have tropism for nutrients, the roots of tea trees float up, and ultimately the tea trees are easily affected by drought damage, frost damage, etc., and the stress resistance of tea trees is significantly reduced. Therefore, improvement of the fertilization method in tea gardens is required. By using the furrow fertilization method, the utilization efficiency of fertilizers can be improved, and by applying fertilizers to the underground root distribution area, the nutrient utilization rate of tea trees can be improved, and the resistance of tea trees to climate and environmental stresses can be enhanced. In addition, by reducing the input amount of chemical fertilizers and increasing the application amount of organic fertilizers, the fertility of the land can be increased, and the quality of tea leaves can be improved.

[0003] However, many organic fertilizers have drawbacks such as being bulky, having low nutrient content, being slow-acting, and requiring a lot of labor for furrow application. Typically, furrow application must be done manually, and the high labor costs are a factor that makes tea producers hesitant to use organic fertilizers. Furthermore, tea plantations are often located in hilly or mountainous areas, and inconvenient transportation is another problem, preventing the widespread use of organic fertilizers in tea production. However, it is well known that the rational application of organic fertilizers can significantly increase soil organic matter in tea plantations, improving soil fertility and effectively enhancing tea leaf quality. Therefore, finding a way to quickly and efficiently apply organic fertilizers to tea plantations is an urgent bottleneck problem in current tea production. While effective organic fertilizer application machinery is clearly the primary solution to this bottleneck, currently available fertilizer application machines are not suitable for application in mountainous tea plantations. Existing fertilizer spreaders have a single function, and can only perform one task at a time using a fertilizer spreader, tiller, or soil covering machine. As a result, fertilization, tilling, and soil covering cannot be completed simultaneously, making them inconvenient to use, complicated to operate, and reducing work efficiency. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] The objective of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems and provide a combined furrowing, fertilization, and soil covering machine for mountain tea plantations. This combined furrowing, fertilization, and soil covering machine for mountain tea plantations can be applied to the application of organic fertilizers in mountain tea plantations, and can realize the functions of fertilization, furrowing, and soil covering, offering a wide range of functions and high work efficiency. The present invention improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizer by performing fertilization using a furrowing method. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0006] A combined furrowing, fertilizing, and soil covering machine for mountain tea plantations comprises a mounting platform and a transport system, a power system, a fertilizing system, a furrowing system, and a soil covering system arranged on the mounting platform. The power system is connected to the transport system, the fertilizing system, the furrowing system, and the soil covering system, respectively, and the furrowing system is located between the fertilizing system and the soil covering system.

[0007] The operating principle of the aforementioned combined furrowing, fertilization, and soil covering machine for mountain tea plantations is as follows.

[0008] The power system supplies electricity and power to the transport system, fertilization system, furrowing system, and soil covering system, and can drive and move the transport system. The transport system can drive a combined furrowing, fertilization, and soil covering machine for mountain tea plantations, enabling stable movement within the plantations. The fertilization system starts up to apply a fixed amount of fertilizer, the furrowing system starts up to cultivate furrows, mix soil and fertilizer and put it into the furrows, and the soil covering system starts up to cover the soil, returning the soil and fertilizer around the furrows back into the furrows. In this way, fertilization, furrowing, and soil covering are integrated.

[0009] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transport system is a single-crawler transport system comprising one triangular crawler and five wheels, wherein the five wheels are a drive traction wheel, a driven wheel, a first support wheel, a second support wheel, and a tension wheel. In the above structure, the transport system employs one triangular crawler as a running component, and its mounting and arrangement method is a "5-wheel 1-crawler" triangular arrangement, where "5-wheel 1-crawler" refers to one triangular crawler and five wheels, the drive traction wheel, the driven wheel, and the tension wheel are arranged in a triangle, the first support wheel and the second support wheel are located between the driven wheel and the tension wheel, and the drive traction wheel is connected to a power system to supply driving force. The above structure is designed to improve traversability so that it has excellent traversability on both flat and sloping ground, and the width of the triangular crawler is suitable for traversing the furrows of most tea plantations, including those with non-standard furrow spacing of 1 meter, and it can traverse tea plantations of various terrains.

[0010] Preferably, the power system comprises a diesel engine, a small generator, and a storage battery, the diesel engine supplying power to the small generator, the transport system, and the furrowing system, and the small generator and storage battery supplying power to the fertilization system, the furrowing system, and the soil covering system. In the above structure, the diesel engine, the small generator, and the storage battery mainly supply power and energy to the transport system, the fertilization system, the furrowing system, and the soil covering system, etc., via a transmission shaft and wiring connected to the power source.

[0011] Preferably, the fertilization system comprises a fertilizer storage hopper, a clogging prevention device, a conveying hopper, a screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft, and a discharge pipe. The conveying hopper is located at the lower end of the fertilizer storage hopper and communicates with it, the discharge pipe is located at the lower end of the conveying hopper and communicates with it, the clogging prevention device is located between the fertilizer storage hopper and the conveying hopper, and the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft is located at the bottom of the conveying hopper. Quantitative fertilization is achieved by adjusting the rotational speed of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft.

[0012] Preferably, the anti-clogging device comprises an anti-clogging rotating shaft and a plurality of anti-clogging mechanisms arranged on the anti-clogging rotating shaft, wherein the plurality of anti-clogging mechanisms are arranged along the axial direction of the anti-clogging rotating shaft, and each set of anti-clogging mechanisms includes a plurality of anti-clogging assemblies. The plurality of anti-clogging assemblies are arranged along the circumferential direction, and each anti-clogging assembly includes a link and a roller brush, with one end of the link connected to the roller brush and the other end of the link connected to the anti-clogging rotating shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the links and roller brushes in each anti-clogging assembly are of different lengths. That is, the links and roller brushes are of different lengths. This ensures that the powdered organic fertilizer is smoothly transported to the screw-type quantitative feed rotating shaft in the lower transport hopper without accumulating at the bottom of the fertilizer storage hopper. The screw-type quantitative feed rotating shaft releases the fertilizer uniformly by adjusting its rotational speed, thereby matching the fertilizer application rate with the progress speed of the combined work machine and achieving uniformity in fertilizer application.

[0014] Preferably, the furrowing system comprises a furrowing auger, a connector, a liftable high-speed power shaft, and a housing cylinder, the housing cylinder being used to house the furrowing auger, the upper end of the connector being connected to the lower end of the liftable high-speed power shaft, and the lower end of the connector being connected to the upper end of the furrowing auger.

[0015] Preferably, the furrowing auger comprises a cylindrical main shaft and three pairs of helical blades fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft, the helical blades being fixed in a spiral manner to the outer wall of the main shaft, and the helical blades including a fixed wall joined to the outer wall of the main shaft, an upper wall located at the top, a rear wall located at the bottom, and helical blades located on the outside, the hollow structure enclosed by the fixed wall, upper wall, rear wall, and helical blades and recessed inward constitutes a retaining chamber, and blades are provided on the edges of the helical blades.

[0016] Preferably, the total width of the helical blade is 4 cm, the total length of the helical blade is 10 cm, a soil crusher is provided at the lowest end of the helical blade, and a head is provided at the lower end of the main shaft of the furrowing auger, and the head is a screw-type head.

[0017] Preferably, the soil covering system comprises a soil-piling bar and a vertically adjustable elastic fixing rod, the upper end of which is connected to the mounting platform, and the lower end of which is connected to the soil-piling bar, the soil-piling bar being composed of three metal strips to which rubber strips are attached. [Effects of the Invention]

[0018] Compared to conventional technology, the present invention offers the following beneficial effects. 1. The combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations according to the present invention can be applied to the application of organic fertilizers in mountain tea plantations. Fertilization by the fertilizing system, furrowing by the furrowing system, and covering by the covering system integrate fertilization, furrowing, and covering, resulting in a rich set of functions and high work efficiency. 2. The combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations in the present invention employs a single crawler transport system, resulting in good passage performance, wide applicability, and high adaptability, allowing it to be used not only on flat tea plantations but also on sloping tea plantations. 3. The combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations in the present invention solves the problem of powdered fertilizers easily clogging by providing a clogging prevention device, and the combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations can apply not only granular fertilizers but also powdered organic fertilizers, solving the problem of the lack of a machine that can be used for applying powdered organic fertilizers. 4. The combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering machine for mountain tea plantations in this invention uses spiral blades and a downward-facing soil retention chamber when the furrowing system is in operation, so that the excavated soil and fertilizer on the soil surface do not scatter to either side but enter directly into the rear fertilizing furrow. Furthermore, by adjusting the travel speed and the rotation speed of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft according to the differences in nutrient content of different fertilizers, accurate quantitative fertilization is achieved. This solves the problem of the lack of reliable and efficient furrowing equipment in current tea plantations. In addition, it not only solves the problem of efficient furrowing and fertilization in tea plantations with compacted soil, but also ensures uniformity of fertilization by effectively controlling the furrowing depth and matching the fertilizer amount with the progress speed of the combined machine, thereby efficiently achieving the integration of furrowing, fertilizing, and covering. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0019] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined furrowing, fertilization, and soil covering machine for mountain tea plantations according to the present invention, viewed from the front. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fertilization system according to the present invention. [Figure 3] It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grooving auger in the present invention.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in combination with embodiments and the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For parts without specific description and not shown in the accompanying drawings, existing technologies are adopted, so they will not be repeated here.

[0021] Many organic fertilizers have the disadvantages of being bulky, having a low nutrient content, having a slow effect, and taking a lot of labor for grooving fertilization. Usually, grooving fertilization is carried out manually, so the cost is high. In addition, tea gardens are mostly located in hilly areas and mountainous areas, and there are also problems such as inconvenient transportation. As a result, the general use of organic fertilizers in tea leaf production has not been popularized. Currently, the commercially available fertilization machines are not suitable for fertilizing organic fertilizers in mountain tea gardens. The main reasons are as follows.

[0022] (1) Many of the current fertilization machines, such as fertilization machines and rotary tillers, adopt disk-type rotary tilling blades or screw-type grooving parts. These blades cause the problem that the soil dug up during operation is bounced to one side or both sides, so that the soil between the furrows accumulates at the roots of the tea trees, while the soil in the center of the furrows gradually decreases. When the soil accumulates excessively at the roots of the tea trees, the roots of the tea trees will lack oxygen, affecting normal growth.

[0023] (2) Existing fertilization machines have low passing performance and climbing performance, and furthermore, the power is not sufficient and the weight is light, so most of them can only be applied to flat tea gardens, and of course not to sloping tea gardens, let alone steep-slope tea gardens.

[0024] (3) Currently, many fertilizer spreaders have a single function and can only perform one task at a time, such as spreading, tilling, or covering the soil. Therefore, they cannot complete fertilizing, tilling, and covering the soil at the same time, making them inconvenient to use, complicated to operate, and resulting in low work efficiency.

[0025] (4) Most existing fertilizer applicators can only be used for granular fertilizers, but organic fertilizers are mainly in powder form, and organic fertilizers are significantly lighter than chemical fertilizers of the same volume, so powder fertilizers cannot be applied due to problems such as clogging.

[0026] (5) Many fertilizer spreaders use a method of adjusting the amount of fertilizer supplied by adjusting the opening size of the fertilizer supply port. However, this method results in uneven downward movement of the fertilizer, making uneven application and inaccurate quantitative control. In addition, some fertilizer spreaders use a quantitative control principle that proportionally controls the amount of fertilizer applied and the machine's travel speed. The faster the machine travels, the faster the fertilizer is discharged. However, the ground between rows in tea plantations is often uneven, causing frequent shaking when the fertilizer spreader travels. Furthermore, the method of controlling fertilizer discharge is generally not very accurate, resulting in inaccurate actual fertilizer application. In addition, some fertilizer spreaders control the amount of fertilizer applied by arranging weight sensors, scraping teeth, granular material spreading and flow separation devices, fertilizer discharge port opening controllers, or rotation speed switches. However, these are inconvenient to use, complicated to operate, and make it difficult to accurately control the amount of fertilizer applied.

[0027] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, in order to solve the above problem, this embodiment provides a combined furrowing, fertilizing, and soil covering machine for mountain tea plantations (hereinafter referred to as the combined machine), which comprises five systems and a mounting platform 6. The five systems are each connected to the mounting platform 6, and the five systems are a transport system, a power system, a fertilizing system, a furrowing system, and a soil covering system. The transport system is used to move the combined machine for furrowing, fertilizing, and soil covering for mountain tea plantations. The power system supplies electricity and power to the transport system, the fertilizing system, the furrowing system, and the soil covering system. The fertilizing system is used for fertilizing. The furrowing system is used for furrowing. The soil covering system is used for soil covering. The furrowing system is located between the fertilizing system and the soil covering system. The fertilizing system is located in front of the furrowing system, and the soil covering system is located behind the furrowing system. The overall size of the combined machine is preferably 1500 mm × 60 mm × 1200 mm, and the total weight is 200 kg. Each system will be described in detail below.

[0028] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the operating principle of the above-mentioned combined work machine is as follows. The power system supplies electricity and power to the transport system, fertilization system, furrowing system, and soil covering system, and can drive and move the transport system. The transport system can stably move the combined work machine in mountainous tea plantations. The fertilization system starts up to apply a fixed amount of fertilizer, the furrowing system starts up to cultivate furrows, mix soil and fertilizer and put it into the furrows, and the soil covering system starts up to cover the soil and return the soil and fertilizer around the furrows back into the furrows. In this way, fertilization, furrowing, and soil covering are integrated.

[0029] Referring to Figure 1, in order to obtain better passage performance in mountain tea plantations, the transport system employs a single-crawler type transport system that has good adhesion and passage performance. The transport system employs one triangular crawler 15 as a running component, and its mounting and arrangement method is a "5-wheel 1-crawler" triangular arrangement. That is, the transport system comprises one triangular crawler 15 and five wheels, the five wheels being a drive towing wheel 11, a driven wheel 12, a tension wheel 14, and two support wheels 13, the two support wheels 13 being the first support wheel and the second support wheel, respectively. The drive towing wheel 11, driven wheel 12, and tension wheel 14 are arranged in a triangle. The drive towing wheel 11 is located at the apex of the triangle and is directly powered by a diesel engine 21, with its speed adjusted by a transmission. The driven wheel 12, first support wheel, second support wheel, and tension wheel 14 are located at the base of the triangle. The first and second support wheels are located between the driven wheel 12 and the tension wheel 14. The driven wheel 12 and tension wheel 14 are located on the front and rear sides of the bottom crossbeam of the transport bracket 16. These wheels primarily support the triangular crawler 15 and play a role in adjusting the tension of the triangular crawler 15. The five wheels are mounted on the transport bracket 16, and the triangular crawler 15 covers the outside of the five wheels. The above structure is designed to improve traversability, providing excellent traversability on both flat and sloping ground. Furthermore, the width of the triangular crawler is suitable for traversing the furrows of most tea plantations, including those with non-standard furrow spacing of 1 meter, and is capable of traversing tea plantations of various terrains. This single triangular crawler 15 configuration can be applied to tea plantations with varying furrow widths and steep mountainous terrain, with a maximum climbing angle of 30 degrees, making it suitable for tea plantations of various terrains, and usable not only on flat tea plantations but also on sloping ones. To prevent slippage, the triangular crawler 15 is made of metal, and the optimal travel speed for fertilization work is 10-12 m / min. To facilitate control of the direction of travel of the combined work machine, the transport system is further equipped with a steering wheel 18 of the handle 17 type.

[0030] Referring to Figure 1, the power system comprises a diesel engine 21, a small generator 22, and a battery 23. The diesel engine 21 is mounted on a platform 6 and supplies power to the small generator 22, the transport system, and the furrowing system, while the small generator 22 and the battery 23 supply power to the fertilization system and the soil covering system. In the above structure, the diesel engine 21, the small generator 22, and the battery 23 mainly supply power and energy to the transport system, fertilization system, furrowing system, and soil covering system via a power-connected transmission shaft and wiring. Considering that soil compaction occurs in some tea plantations, significant power is required for furrowing, and the diesel engine 21 supplies furrowing power to the furrowing system, ensuring that the furrowing system has enough power to excavate compacted soil and soil containing some stones. The diesel engine 21 preferably has a power output of 11 horsepower (8 kW), and the power output of the small generator 22 is preferably 3 kilowatts. In another embodiment, the furrowing system may also be supplied with furrowing power via the small generator 22 and the battery 23.

[0031] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the fertilization system comprises a fertilizer storage hopper 31, a clogging prevention device 32, a conveying hopper 33, a screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34, and a discharge pipe 35. The conveying hopper 33 is mounted on a mounting base 6, positioned at the lower end of the fertilizer storage hopper 31, and communicates with the fertilizer storage hopper 31. The discharge pipe 35 is positioned at the lower end of the conveying hopper 33 and communicates with the conveying hopper 33. The clogging prevention device 32 is positioned between the fertilizer storage hopper 31 and the conveying hopper 33. The screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 is positioned at the bottom of the conveying hopper 33, and quantitative fertilization is achieved by adjusting the rotational speed of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34. To extend the fertilizer supply time of the combined work machine and avoid having to return to replenish the fertilizer multiple times, the fertilizer storage hopper 31 in this embodiment is equipped with shelves 36 for temporary storage of fertilizer on each side, and brackets 37 for supporting the shelves 36. The shelves 36 can hold 2 to 4 bags of fertilizer so that fertilizer can be applied continuously. To accurately control the amount of fertilizer applied, this embodiment is equipped with a screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 at the bottom of the conveying hopper 33, and the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 is equipped with multiple helical tooth grooves of the same size. The central axis radius of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 is 3 cm, and the distance between two adjacent helical tooth grooves, i.e., the pitch, is 5 cm. The screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 is positioned close to the bottom so that the fertilizer in the conveying hopper 33 falls to the bottom reliably by utilizing the gravity of the fertilizer and the vibrations when the combined work machine is running, and completely covers each pitch gap (helical tooth groove) of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34. Each spiral tooth groove corresponds to one spiral tooth groove. Since the volume of each spiral tooth groove is constant, the weight of fertilizer in one spiral tooth groove can be calculated simply by weighing the unit volume weight of the fertilizer being applied. Furthermore, based on the nutrient content of the fertilizer, the exact nutrient content of the fertilizer in each spiral tooth groove can be accurately calculated.Therefore, by simply inputting the amount of fertilizer to be applied per mu and the weight information of the fertilizer per unit volume into the microelectronic controller, the microelectronic controller calculates the corresponding rotational speed and outputs the corresponding rotational speed command to control the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34, thereby achieving accurate quantitative fertilization. In this embodiment, the amount of fertilizer applied is accurately controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 using a stepless transmission based on the nutrient content of the fertilizer and the quantitative volume of the helical tooth grooves. A faster rotational speed increases the amount of fertilizer applied, and a slower rotational speed decreases the amount of fertilizer applied. Furthermore, to prevent corrosion, the material of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene. By adjusting the travel speed and controlling the rotational speed of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34, uniformity and consistency of fertilization can be ensured.

[0032] Referring to Figure 1, by providing the clogging prevention device 32, the powdered organic fertilizer is smoothly transported to the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 in the lower transport hopper 33 without accumulating at the lower end of the fertilizer storage hopper 31. The screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 uniformly releases the fertilizer by controlling its rotational speed, thereby matching the amount of fertilizer applied with the speed of the combined work machine and achieving uniformity in fertilizer application. The clogging prevention device 32 comprises a clogging prevention rotating shaft and a plurality of clogging prevention mechanisms arranged on the clogging prevention rotating shaft. The plurality of clogging prevention mechanisms are arranged along the axial direction of the clogging prevention rotating shaft, and each set of clogging prevention mechanisms includes a plurality of clogging prevention assemblies. The plurality of clogging prevention assemblies are arranged along the circumferential direction, and each clogging prevention assembly includes a link and a roller brush, with one end of the link connected to the roller brush and the other end of the link connected to the clogging prevention rotating shaft. The lengths of the link and roller brush in each clogging prevention assembly are different. In other words, the links are of different lengths, and the roller brushes are also of different lengths. By providing roller brushes of different lengths on the anti-clogging rotating shaft, the roller brushes rotate in conjunction with the rotation of the anti-clogging rotating shaft, agitating the fertilizer and allowing it to fall smoothly. This solves the problem of powdered fertilizers easily clogging, and the combined work machine can apply not only granular fertilizers but also powdered organic fertilizers.

[0033] Referring to Figures 1 and 3, the furrowing system is a vertical spiral furrowing system positioned directly behind the fertilization system and comprises a furrowing auger 41, a connector 42, a liftable high-speed power shaft 43, and a housing cylinder 44. The liftable high-speed power shaft 43 has a lifting function, the housing cylinder 44 is used to house the furrowing auger 41, the upper end of the connector 42 is connected to the lower end of the liftable high-speed power shaft 43, and the lower end of the connector 42 is connected to the upper end of the furrowing auger 41.

[0034] Referring to Figures 1 and 3, the groove-making auger 41 comprises a cylindrical main shaft 411 and three pairs of helical blades fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft 411. The helical blades are fixed in a spiral manner to the outer wall of the main shaft 411 and include a fixed wall 412 joined to the outer wall of the main shaft 411, an upper side wall 413 located above the helical blade, a rear side wall 415 located below the helical blade, and helical blades 414 located outside the helical blade. The helical blades are integrally formed from high-speed steel, with a total width of 4 cm and a total length of 10 cm. Each helical blade consists of a pair of helical blades, one wider at the top and one narrower at the bottom, which are mounted opposite each other on the main shaft 411 at the same height (slope) and fitted in by 1 cm. The radius of the main shaft 411 is 4 cm, and a locking groove of a corresponding shape with a 1 cm diameter is provided at the position of the fixing wall 412 for attaching the helical blades on its outer wall. Two opposing helical blades are fixed to each locking groove by three internal fixing screws (two in the upper center and one in the lower center), and when the helical blades are fitted onto the main shaft 411, the thickest part of their exposed portion is 3 cm.

[0035] Referring to Figures 1 and 3, the hollow structure enclosed by the fixed wall 412, upper wall 413, rear wall 415, and spiral blade 414, and recessed inward, constitutes the soil retention chamber 416. The rotation of the spiral blade mixes the fertilizer and soil within the soil retention chamber 416 and throws them out to the rear. Blades 417 are provided on the edges of the spiral blade 414. A soil crusher 418 is provided at the lowest end of the spiral blade. A head 419 with a spiral groove is provided at the lower end of the main shaft 411 of the furrowing auger 41 so that the furrowing auger 41 can easily advance downward from the ground surface to the target depth. The spiral head is positioned at the lowest end of the furrowing auger 41, mainly to ensure that the spiral blade advances to a predetermined depth when the combined work machine reaches the furrowing position in the tea plantation. The furrowing auger 41 performs furrowing work by digging up soil via the head 419 and spiral blades 414 when rotating at high speed, while simultaneously thoroughly mixing the soil with fertilizer applied to the soil surface and throwing it backward. The upper part of the connector 42 is connected to the vertically movable high-speed power shaft 43, and the lower part is detachably connected to the furrowing auger 41. It is mainly used to fix the furrowing auger 41 and to rotate the furrowing auger 41 at high speed by the action of the vertically movable high-speed power shaft 43. The vertically movable high-speed power shaft 43 mainly serves to supply power to the furrowing auger while moving up and down. During operation, the head 419 descends to a predetermined height while digging up soil according to the furrowing depth, and then power is supplied to perform furrowing. The lower end of the housing cylinder 44 is open, and the upper end of the housing cylinder 44 is fixedly connected to the connector 42. Specifically, the upper end of the housing cylinder 44 is fixedly connected to the housing of the connector 42, and the furrowing auger 41 retracts upward or protrudes downward within the housing cylinder 44 as the vertically movable high-speed power shaft 43 moves up and down. In other words, after the furrowing work is completed or when furrowing work is no longer needed, the furrowing auger 41 is moved upward via the vertically movable high-speed power shaft 43 and raised until it is completely retracted within the housing cylinder 44, serving to house and safely protect the furrowing auger 41. The housing cylinder 44 also acts as a retaining wall during the furrowing process with the helical blades, preventing the scattering of soil that the helical blades bounce off and ensuring that the soil thrown to the right rear falls into the furrow. The retaining wall chamber 416 is used to prevent the scattering of soil cut by the helical blades and fertilizer on the soil surface.The soil crusher 418 is primarily used for excavating soil. By positioning the soil crusher 418 at the bottom of the spiral blade, the soil can be excavated first, allowing the blade 417 to cut through the soil more easily, thereby improving furrowing efficiency and fertilization effectiveness.

[0036] Referring to Figure 1, the soil covering system is located behind the furrowing system and comprises a soil-piling bar 51 and a movable elastic fixing rod 52. The upper end of the movable elastic fixing rod 52 is connected to the mounting base 6, and the lower end of the movable elastic fixing rod 52 is fixedly connected to the soil-piling bar 51. The soil-piling bar 51 consists of three metal strips with rubber strips attached and is used to return the soil and fertilizer mixture near the furrow into the furrow and level the ground. A spring and a movable gap are added to the connecting part between the movable elastic fixing rod 52 and the mounting base 6 to allow smooth passage when it comes into contact with obstacles such as stones or wooden stakes. When in operation, the movable elastic fixing rod 52 lowers and fixes the soil-piling bar 51 to the soil surface, and when not in operation, it raises the soil-piling bar 51 to a height of 30 cm from the ground to ensure the smooth passage of the combined work machine.

[0037] The electricity generated by the small generator 22 is stored in the battery 23 and used to supply power to the motor of the clogging prevention device 32, the motor of the screw-type quantitative feed rotating shaft 34, the lifting motor of the furrowing auger 41, and the lifting motor of the soil covering system. The diesel engine 21 mainly supplies power to the transport system and the operation of the furrowing auger 41, and the diesel engine 21 rotates the furrowing auger 41 via the transmission structure to perform furrowing work. The electricity generated by the small generator 22 can also directly supply power to the motor of the clogging prevention device 32, the motor of the screw-type quantitative feed rotating shaft 34, the lifting motor of the furrowing auger 41, and the lifting motor of the soil covering system.

[0038] The operation of furrowing, fertilization, and covering in this embodiment is as follows: The combined work machine travels via the transport system, and when the combined work machine reaches the position where furrowing work is required between the rows of the tea plantation, the motor of the furrowing system is started, and the lifting motor of the furrowing auger 41 operates, lowering the furrowing auger 41 via the liftable high-speed power shaft 43. The furrowing auger 41 protrudes from the bottom of the storage cylinder 44 and, under high-speed rotation, moves downward while the head 419 and two soil crushers 418 located at the lowest position dig up the soil, and is fixed when it reaches the furrowing depth, for example, 10 cm. When the fertilization system is started, the motor of the anti-clogging device 32 rotates the anti-clogging device 32, stirring and crushing the fertilizer supplied from the fertilizer storage hopper 31. The fertilizer that has passed through the anti-clogging device 32 enters the transport hopper 33, and the motor of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34 operates the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft 34, transporting a quantitative amount of fertilizer. The fertilizer falls onto the soil surface from the discharge pipe 35, and the transport system moves the combined work machine forward. After the spiral blades 414 of the rotating spiral blade come into contact with the surrounding soil, the blades 417 cut through the soil and the fertilizer on top of it. Because the spiral blade has a structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, the cut soil and fertilizer rotate, and the soil and fertilizer are mixed uniformly. Due to the rotational action of the spiral blade, the soil and fertilizer are thrown out to the right rear, where they are caught by the soil retention chamber 416 of the spiral blade and discharged into the rear fertilizer furrow by the rotational force. At this time, the containment cylinder 44 also plays a role. The containment cylinder 44 is made of a soft material made of rubber, and when its lowest end comes into contact with the soil surface, it acts as a stopper plate, stopping the soil and fertilizer mixture as it is thrown out to the right rear and causing it to fall into the furrow. Some of the soil and fertilizer fall outside the furrow, and the soil and fertilizer that fall outside the furrow are returned to the furrow by the action of the soil-piling bar 51, leveling the ground and achieving the goal of integrating furrow creation, fertilization, and soil covering.

[0039] The pitch of the furrowing auger 41 is 8 cm. When in operation, viewed from above, the spiral blades rotate clockwise, with an operating rotation speed of 350 r / min. The maximum furrowing depth is 30 cm, and the width of the fertilization furrow (i.e., the furrow) is 14 cm. Due to the downward spiral force and the action of the soil retaining chamber 416, the organic fertilizer applied to the soil surface of the tea plantation is mixed with the soil and thrown backward. Most of the soil-fertilizer mixture falls into the fertilization furrow at the rear, and the small amount of soil-fertilizer mixture that falls around the fertilization furrow is returned to the fertilization furrow by the rear covering system and leveled, thus achieving the goal of integrating furrowing, fertilization, and covering.

[0040] The combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering machine for mountain tea plantations in this embodiment has good passage performance, is widely applicable, integrates fertilizing, furrowing, and covering, and can be used not only on flat tea plantations but also on sloping ones. It can apply not only granular fertilizers (including organic and chemical fertilizers) but also powdered organic fertilizers, solving the problem of the lack of a machine that can be used for powdered organic fertilizer application. At the same time, by providing a furrowing system, the functions of furrowing and fertilizer mixing can be realized. The three pairs of spiral blades in the furrowing auger 41 are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on the main shaft 411, and the total height is 30 cm. When the furrowing auger 41 is in operation, the spiral blades 414 and the diagonally downward-facing soil retaining chamber 416 prevent the cut soil and fertilizer on the soil surface from scattering to both sides, so that they enter directly into the fertilizing furrow behind it. Furthermore, by designing a covering system behind the furrowing system, the integration of fertilizing, furrowing, and covering is achieved. Furthermore, this embodiment employs a method that combines quantitative measurement using spiral tooth grooves with adjustment of rotation speed according to the differences in nutrient content of different fertilizers, thereby achieving accurate quantitative fertilization.

[0041] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those described above. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention are equivalent substitutions and should all be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] (Note) (Note 1) A combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering machine for mountain tea plantations, comprising a mounting platform (6), a transport system, a power system, a fertilizing system, a furrowing system, and a covering system arranged on the mounting platform (6), wherein the power system is connected to the transport system, fertilizing system, furrowing system, and covering system, respectively, and the furrowing system is located between the fertilizing system and the covering system.

[0043] (Note 2) The transport system is a single-crawler transport system comprising one triangular crawler (15) and five wheels, wherein the five wheels are a drive towing wheel (11), a driven wheel (12), a first support wheel, a second support wheel, and a tensioning wheel (14), respectively, and is a combined work machine for furrowing, fertilizing, and covering for tea plantations in mountainous areas as described in Appendix 1.

[0044] (Note 3) The power system comprises a diesel engine (21), a small generator (22), and a storage battery (23), wherein the diesel engine (21) supplies power to the small generator (22), the transport system, and the furrowing system, and the small generator (22) and the storage battery (23) supply power to the fertilization system, the furrowing system, and the soil covering system, characterized in that it is a combined furrowing, fertilization, and soil covering machine for mountain tea plantations as described in Appendix 1.

[0045] (Note 4) The fertilization system comprises a fertilizer storage hopper (31), a clogging prevention device (32), a conveying hopper (33), a screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft (34), and a discharge pipe (35), wherein the conveying hopper (33) is located at the lower end of the fertilizer storage hopper (31) and communicates with the fertilizer storage hopper (31), the discharge pipe (35) is located at the lower end of the conveying hopper (33) and communicates with the conveying hopper (33), the clogging prevention device (32) is located between the fertilizer storage hopper (31) and the conveying hopper (33), and the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft (34) is located at the bottom of the conveying hopper (33), and quantitative fertilization is achieved by adjusting the rotational speed of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft (34), characterized in that it is a combined furrowing, fertilization, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations as described in Appendix 1.

[0046] (Note 5) The anti-clogging device (32) comprises an anti-clogging rotating shaft and a plurality of anti-clogging mechanisms arranged on the anti-clogging rotating shaft, wherein the plurality of anti-clogging mechanisms are arranged along the axial direction of the anti-clogging rotating shaft, each set of anti-clogging mechanisms includes a plurality of anti-clogging assemblies, the plurality of anti-clogging assemblies are arranged along the circumferential direction, each anti-clogging assembly includes a link and a roller brush, one end of the link is connected to the roller brush, and the other end of the link is connected to the anti-clogging rotating shaft, characterized in that this is a combined work machine for furrowing, fertilizing, and covering soil for mountain tea plantations as described in Appendix 4.

[0047] (Note 6) A combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations, as described in Appendix 5, characterized in that the lengths of the links and roller brushes in each anti-clogging assembly are different.

[0048] (Note 7) The furrowing system comprises a furrowing auger (41), a connector (42), a liftable high-speed power shaft (43), and a housing cylinder (44), wherein the housing cylinder (44) is used to house the furrowing auger (41), the upper end of the connector (42) is connected to the lower end of the liftable high-speed power shaft (43), and the lower end of the connector (42) is connected to the upper end of the furrowing auger (41), characterized in that it is a combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations as described in Appendix 1.

[0049] (Note 8) The furrowing auger (41) comprises a cylindrical main shaft (411) and three pairs of spiral blades fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft (411), wherein the spiral blades are spirally fixed to the outer wall of the main shaft (411), and the spiral blades include a fixed wall (412) joined to the outer wall of the main shaft (411), an upper side wall (413) located at the top, a lower side wall (415) located at the bottom, and spiral blades (414) located on the outside, and the hollow structure enclosed by the fixed wall (412), the upper side wall (413), the rear side wall (415), and the spiral blades (414) and recessed inward constitutes a soil retention chamber (416), and blades (417) are provided on the edges of the spiral blades (414), characterized in that this is a combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations as described in Appendix 7.

[0050] (Note 9) The combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations as described in Appendix 8, characterized in that the total width of the helical blade is 4 cm, the total length of the helical blade is 10 cm, a soil crusher (418) is provided at the lowest end of the helical blade, and a head (419) is provided at the lower end of the main shaft (411) of the furrowing auger (41), and the head (419) is a screw-type head.

[0051] (Note 10) The soil covering system comprises a soil-piling bar (51) and a liftable elastic fixing rod (52), the upper end of the liftable elastic fixing rod (52) being connected to the mounting platform (6), the lower end of the liftable elastic fixing rod (52) being connected to the soil-piling bar (51), and the soil-piling bar (51) being composed of three metal strips to which rubber strips are attached, characterized in that it is a combined work machine for furrowing, fertilizing, and soil covering for mountain tea plantations as described in Appendix 1. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0052] 11: Drive towing wheel, 12: Driven wheel, 13: Support wheel, 14: Tension ring, 15: Crawler, 16: Transport bracket, 17: Handle, 18: Steering wheel, 21: Diesel engine, 22: Small generator, 23: Storage battery, 31: Fertilizer storage hopper, 32: Clog prevention device, 33: Conveyor hopper, 34: Screw-type quantitative feed rotating shaft, 35: Discharge pipe, 36: Shelf board, 37: Bracket, 41: Groove-making auger, 411: Main axis, 412: Fixed wall, 413: Upper wall, 414: Helical feathers, 415: Rear side wall, 416: Retaining wall room, 417: Blade, 418: Earthenware, 419: Head, 42: Connector, 43: High-speed power shaft capable of lifting and lowering, 44: Storage cylinder, 51: Soil mounding bar, 52: Adjustable elastic fixed rod, 6: Mounting platform.

Claims

1. A combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering machine for mountain tea plantations, comprising a mounting platform (6), a transport system, a power system, a fertilizing system, a furrowing system, and a covering system arranged on the mounting platform (6), wherein the power system is connected to the transport system, the fertilizing system, the furrowing system, and the covering system, respectively, and the furrowing system is located between the fertilizing system and the covering system.

2. The transport system is a single-crawler transport system comprising one triangular crawler (15) and five wheels, wherein the five wheels are a drive towing wheel (11), a driven wheel (12), a first support wheel, a second support wheel, and a tension wheel (14), respectively, and is characterized as a combined work machine for furrowing, fertilizing, and covering soil for mountain tea plantations according to claim 1.

3. The power system comprises a diesel engine (21), a small generator (22), and a storage battery (23), wherein the diesel engine (21) supplies power to the small generator (22), the transport system, and the furrowing system, and the small generator (22) and the storage battery (23) supply power to the fertilization system, the furrowing system, and the soil covering system, characterized in that it is a combined furrowing, fertilization, and soil covering machine for mountain tea plantations according to claim 1.

4. The fertilization system comprises a fertilizer storage hopper (31), a clogging prevention device (32), a conveying hopper (33), a screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft (34), and a discharge pipe (35), wherein the conveying hopper (33) is located at the lower end of the fertilizer storage hopper (31) and communicates with the fertilizer storage hopper (31), the discharge pipe (35) is located at the lower end of the conveying hopper (33) and communicates with the conveying hopper (33), the clogging prevention device (32) is located between the fertilizer storage hopper (31) and the conveying hopper (33), and the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft (34) is located at the bottom of the conveying hopper (33), and quantitative fertilization is achieved by adjusting the rotational speed of the screw-type quantitative supply rotating shaft (34), characterized in that it is a combined furrowing, fertilization, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations according to claim 1.

5. The anti-clogging device (32) comprises an anti-clogging rotating shaft and a plurality of sets of anti-clogging mechanisms arranged on the anti-clogging rotating shaft, wherein the plurality of sets of anti-clogging mechanisms are arranged along the axial direction of the anti-clogging rotating shaft, each set of anti-clogging mechanisms includes a plurality of anti-clogging assemblies, the plurality of anti-clogging assemblies are arranged along the circumferential direction, each anti-clogging assembly includes a link and a roller brush, one end of the link is connected to the roller brush, and the other end of the link is connected to the anti-clogging rotating shaft, characterized in that this is a combined work machine for furrowing, fertilizing, and covering soil for mountain tea plantations according to claim 4.

6. The combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations according to claim 5, characterized in that the lengths of the links and roller brushes in each anti-clogging assembly are different.

7. The furrowing system comprises a furrowing auger (41), a connector (42), a liftable high-speed power shaft (43), and a housing cylinder (44), wherein the housing cylinder (44) is used to house the furrowing auger (41), the upper end of the connector (42) is connected to the lower end of the liftable high-speed power shaft (43), and the lower end of the connector (42) is connected to the upper end of the furrowing auger (41), characterized in that it is a combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations according to claim 1.

8. The furrowing auger (41) comprises a cylindrical main shaft (411) and three pairs of spiral blades fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft (411), wherein the spiral blades are spirally fixed to the outer wall of the main shaft (411), and the spiral blades include a fixed wall (412) joined to the outer wall of the main shaft (411), an upper side wall (413) located at the top, a lower rear side wall (415) located at the bottom, and spiral blades (414) located on the outside, and the hollow structure enclosed by the fixed wall (412), the upper side wall (413), the rear side wall (415), and the spiral blades (414) and recessed inward constitutes a soil retention chamber (416), and blades (417) are provided on the edges of the spiral blades (414), characterized in that this is a combined furrowing, fertilizing, and covering work machine for mountain tea plantations according to claim 7.

9. The composite work machine for furrowing, fertilizing, and covering soil for mountain tea plantations according to claim 8, characterized in that the total width of the spiral blade is 4 cm, the total length of the spiral blade is 10 cm, a soil crusher (418) is provided at the lowest end of the spiral blade, a head (419) is provided at the lower end of the main shaft (411) of the furrowing auger (41), and the head (419) is a screw-type head.

10. The soil covering system comprises a soil-piling bar (51) and a liftable elastic fixing rod (52), the upper end of the liftable elastic fixing rod (52) is connected to the mounting platform (6), the lower end of the liftable elastic fixing rod (52) is connected to the soil-piling bar (51), and the soil-piling bar (51) is composed of three metal strips to which rubber strips are attached, characterized in that it is a combined work machine for furrowing, fertilizing, and soil covering for mountain tea plantations according to claim 1.

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