Interlayer for laminated glass, and laminated glass and method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract

Provided is an interlayer for laminated glass that 1) can suppress the occurrence of double images, 2) can suppress color unevenness, and 3) can keep the haze value small in laminated glass.　An interlayer for laminated glass according to the present invention has one end and another end. Taking the distance between the one end and the other end as X, the thickness of the interlayer at a discretionary position (1) of the interlayer within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end, the thickness of the interlayer at a position (2) where the thickness of the interlayer is at least 25 μm less than the thickness of the interlayer at the position (1) within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end, the visible light transmittance at the position (1) of laminated glass equipped with the interlayer, and the visible light transmittance at the position (2) of laminated glass equipped with the interlayer satisfy specific relationships.

Description

Interlayer film for laminated glass and its manufacturing method, and laminated glass and its manufacturing method

[0001] The present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass used to obtain laminated glass and a method for producing the same. The present invention also relates to laminated glass and a method for producing the same.

[0002] Laminated glass is excellent in safety because it generates only a small amount of glass fragments even when broken by external impact. For this reason, laminated glass is widely used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, etc. Laminated glass is manufactured by sandwiching an interlayer film between a pair of glass sheets.

[0003] Furthermore, a head-up display (HUD) is known as an example of the laminated glass used in automobiles. HUDs can display measurement information, such as the speed of the automobile, which is driving data, on the windshield of the automobile, allowing the driver to perceive the display as if it were projected in front of the windshield. However, the HUD has a problem in that the measurement information appears double. To suppress the double image, a wedge-shaped interlayer film is used (for example, Patent Document 1).

[0004] WO2021 / 145328A1

[0005] Although laminated glass using conventional wedge-shaped interlayer films can suppress the occurrence of double images to some extent, the balance of visible light transmittance can be disrupted as the interlayer film thickness changes, resulting in color unevenness. Furthermore, laminated glass using conventional wedge-shaped interlayer films can have a high haze value. This is particularly likely to occur when the interlayer film contains a relatively high concentration of colorant.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that can 1) suppress the occurrence of double images, 2) suppress color unevenness, and 3) maintain a low haze value in laminated glass. Another object of the present invention is to provide laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass.

[0007] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass (hereinafter sometimes referred to as interlayer film) having one end and the other end, wherein the distance between the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is X, the thickness of the interlayer film at any position (1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is T1 mm, and the thickness of the interlayer film at a position (2) within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end where the thickness of the interlayer film is 25 μm or more smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at position (1) is T2 mm, and laminated glass A is obtained by sandwiching the interlayer film between two sheets of clear glass. When the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (1) is Tv1% and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (2) is Tv2%, the interlayer film has a portion that satisfies the following formula (1-1):

[0008]

[0009] In the formula (1-1), ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​represented by the following formulas (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively.

[0010]

[0011] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position (1) is the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end, and the position (2) is the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end.

[0012] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film has a portion in which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end is equal to or less than the value calculated from the formula (1-1B).

[0013] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film contains a colorant.

[0014] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the planar area of ​​the colored region is 70% or more of the total planar area (100%) of the interlayer film.

[0015] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the colored region is present at the position (1) and the colored region is present at the position (2).

[0016] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film includes a colored layer containing a colorant, and the minimum thickness of the colored layer is 30 μm or more.

[0017] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the colored layer is present at the position (1).

[0018] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the content of the colorant is 0.00001% by weight or more and 7% by weight or less, based on 100% by weight of the colored layer.

[0019] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film includes two or more of the colored layers.

[0020] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, when the distance from a first outer surface to a second outer surface of the interlayer film is t, the colorant is present in a region of 0t to 0.2t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface.

[0021] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, when the distance from a first outer surface to a second outer surface of the interlayer film is defined as t, the colorant is present in a region from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface that is greater than 0.2t and greater than 0.4t.

[0022] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, when the distance from a first outer surface to a second outer surface of the interlayer film is defined as t, the colorant is present in a region from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface that is greater than 0.4t to 0.5t.

[0023] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film satisfies the following formula (2):

[0024]

[0025] In the formula (2), ΔTv and f(T) are the values ​​represented by the formulas (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively, and K is 0.95.

[0026] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film satisfies the following formula (3):

[0027]

[0028] In the formula (3), ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​expressed by the formulas (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively.

[0029] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film satisfies the following formula (4):

[0030]

[0031] In the formula (4), ΔTv and f(T) are the values ​​represented by the formulas (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively, and K is 0.95.

[0032] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, ΔTv<0 is satisfied in the formula (1-1).

[0033] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film has a region in which the partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more.

[0034] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the wedge angle of the entire interlayer film is 0.05 mrad or more.

[0035] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film has a region in which the partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more, and the wedge angle of the entire interlayer film is less than 0.05 mrad.

[0036] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position at which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits a maximum value within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end is different from the position (1) and different from the position (2).

[0037] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position at which the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum visible light transmittance within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end is the position (1) or the position (2).

[0038] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position at which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits a minimum value within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is different from the position (1) and different from the position (2).

[0039] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position at which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the minimum value within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end is the position (1) or the position (2).

[0040] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film has a region in which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is 85% or less.

[0041] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film includes a layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C, the interlayer film has a textured surface imparted by an embossing roll method or a melt fracture method, the ten-point average roughness of the textured surface is 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less, and the refractive index of the interlayer film is 1.46 or more.

[0042] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass having one end and the other end, the interlayer film comprising a colored layer containing a colorant, and laminated glass A obtained by sandwiching the interlayer film between two sheets of clear glass, the interlayer film having a shade region corresponding to a region of laminated glass A where the visible light transmittance is less than 60% and a second region corresponding to a region of laminated glass A where the visible light transmittance is 60% or more, the second region having a region P that is a region extending 200 mm from the boundary between the second region and the shade region toward the second region, and a region Q that is a region other than region P, and the colored layer occupies 80% or more of the total planar area of ​​region Q of the interlayer film (100%), The present invention provides an interlayer film for laminated glass (hereinafter may be referred to as an interlayer film) in which the thickness of the interlayer film at an arbitrary position (Q1) of the interlayer film in the region Q, which exists within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end, is defined as T1 mm; the thickness of the interlayer film at a position (Q2), which exists within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end and is 25 μm or more smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at the position (Q1), is defined as T2 mm; the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (Q1) is defined as Tv1%; and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (Q2) is defined as Tv2%. The interlayer film has a portion that satisfies the following formula (1-2):

[0043]

[0044] In the formula (1-2), ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​represented by the following formulas (1-2A) and (1-2B), respectively.

[0045]

[0046] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position (Q1) is the maximum thickness position (XQ1) of the interlayer film in the region Q that exists within a range of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end, and the position (Q2) is the minimum thickness position (XQ2) of the interlayer film in the region Q that exists within a range of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end.

[0047] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided laminated glass comprising a first laminated glass element, a second laminated glass element, and the above-described interlayer film for laminated glass, with the interlayer film for laminated glass disposed between the first laminated glass element and the second laminated glass element.

[0048] In a specific aspect of the laminated glass according to the present invention, the first laminated glass member has a uniform thickness, and the second laminated glass member has a uniform thickness.

[0049] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:

[0050] 1) A method for producing the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glass. 2) A method for producing the above-mentioned laminated glass.

[0051] The present invention can provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that can 1) suppress the occurrence of double images, 2) suppress color unevenness, and 3) maintain a low haze value in laminated glass.

[0052] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass produced in Comparative Example 1. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the thickness of a single-layer resin film having a uniform thickness and not containing a colorant, and the visible light transmittance of laminated glass obtained using the resin film. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the relationship between coordinates (the distance from one end to the other end) and visible light transmittance for the interlayer films obtained in Examples 18 to 21 and Comparative Example 1.

[0053] The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0054] (Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass) The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention (sometimes abbreviated as "interlayer film" in this specification) is used in laminated glass.

[0055] The interlayer film has one end and the other end. The other end is an end opposite to the one end. The direction connecting the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is perpendicular to the width direction of the interlayer film (vertical direction).

[0056] From the viewpoint of suppressing double images in the laminated glass, the absolute value of the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the interlayer film is 25 μm or more. The absolute value of the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the interlayer film is preferably 50 μm or more, more preferably 100 μm or more, even more preferably 150 μm or more, particularly preferably 200 μm or more, preferably 3000 μm or less, more preferably 2000 μm or less, even more preferably 1750 μm or less, and particularly preferably 1500 μm or less. When the absolute value of the difference is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, double images in the laminated glass can be suppressed even more effectively.

[0057] In the present invention, the distance between the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is defined as X. Furthermore, in the present invention, the thickness of the interlayer film at any position (1) within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film is defined as T1 (mm). Furthermore, in the present invention, the thickness of the interlayer film at a position (2) within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film where the thickness of the interlayer film is 25 μm or more smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at position (1) is defined as T2 (mm).

[0058] In the present invention, in laminated glass A obtained by sandwiching the interlayer film between two sheets of clear glass, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (1) is defined as Tv1 (%), and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (2) is defined as Tv2 (%). The laminated glass A is preferably produced as follows.

[0059] A laminate is obtained by sandwiching an interlayer between two 2 mm thick clear glass sheets conforming to JIS R3202:1996. The obtained laminate is placed in a rubber bag and degassed at a vacuum of 2.6 kPa for 20 minutes. The degassed laminate is then transferred to an oven and vacuum-pressed at 90°C for 30 minutes to pre-bond the laminate. The pre-bonded laminate is then compressed in an autoclave at 135°C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain laminated glass A.

[0060] The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is measured using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation's "U-4100") in accordance with JIS R3212: 2015. The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is the visible light transmittance at wavelengths of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0061] The interlayer film has a portion that satisfies the following formula (1-1). Note that the interlayer film may have a line at its edge for alignment with the laminated glass component. If a region with a visible light transmittance of less than 60%, such as this line, exists in a region less than 100 mm inward from the edge of the interlayer film, the following formula (1-1) is determined excluding this region with a visible light transmittance of less than 60%.

[0062]

[0063] In the above formula (1-1), ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​expressed by the following formulas (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively.

[0064]

[0065] The interlayer film of the present invention absorbs the light that causes double images in the colored region of the interlayer film, reducing the intensity of the light that causes double images entering the eye, thereby suppressing the occurrence of double images. Furthermore, because the interlayer film of the present invention has a portion that satisfies the above formula (1-1), it is also possible to suppress color unevenness and maintain a low haze value.

[0066] <Method of Derivation of Formula (1-1) and Technical Significance> First, the inventors prepared a single-layer resin film (wedge angle 0 mrad) containing no colorant and having a uniform thickness. The resin film contained 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin and 36.8 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO). Using the obtained resin film, laminated glass was prepared according to the above-described method for preparing laminated glass A, and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass was measured. As a result, the relationship between the thickness of the resin film and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass, as shown in Table 1 below and FIG. 17, was obtained.

[0067]

[0068] In this specification, based on the relational expression derived from Table 1 and FIG. 17 , the region of the interlayer film that satisfies the expression: y<−1.374T+89.596 (where y is the visible light transmittance (%) of laminated glass A, and T is the thickness (mm) of the interlayer film) is defined as the “colored region.”

[0069] Next, the inventors prepared a 0.5 mm-thick single-layer resin film (wedge angle 0 mrad) and laminated glass in the same manner as above, except that the colorants shown in Table 2 below were used in the amounts (amount in 100% by weight of the resin film) described under conditions 1 to 5. The obtained resin film contained 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin, 36.8 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and the colorants in the amounts described under conditions 1 to 5. The visible light transmittance of the obtained laminated glass was measured. As a result, the relationship shown in Table 2 below was obtained.

[0070]

[0071] The colorants in Table 2 are as follows: PB15-1: Pigment Blue 15-1 (copper phthalocyanine pigment) PR202: Pigment Red 202 (quinacridone pigment) Pblack-7: Pigment Black 7 (carbon black) ITO: Tin-doped indium oxide particles (heat-shielding material, ITO particles) CWO: Cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (heat-shielding material, CWO particles)

[0072] In addition to the single-layer resin film having the composition of conditions 1 to 5 in Table 2 above and a wedge angle of 0 mrad, the inventors further prepared wedge-shaped single-layer resin films (cross-sectional shapes shown in Figure 16) having the composition of conditions 1 to 5 in Table 2 above and wedge angles of 0.24 mrad and 0.84 mrad. The obtained resin film contained 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin, 36.8 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and the colorant content of conditions 1 to 5. Using the obtained wedge-shaped resin film, laminated glass was prepared according to the above-mentioned method for preparing laminated glass A, and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass was measured. The visible light transmittance was measured at the minimum and maximum thickness positions of the wedge-shaped resin film. As a result, the relationship between the thickness of the resin film and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass, as shown in Table 3 below, was obtained.

[0073]

[0074] From the results in Table 3 above, the following formula (LB) is calculated based on Lambert-Beer's law.

[0075]

[0076] The above formula (LB) means that if the thickness and visible light transmittance at a certain position are known, the visible light transmittance at another position can be calculated by measuring the thickness at that other position. Therefore, from the above formula (LB), the difference (ΔTv ｉｄｅａｌ ) is calculated by the following formula (0). In the following formula (0), position (1) is the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, and Tmax is the thickness of the interlayer film at the maximum thickness position (X1). In the following formula (0), position (2) is the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, and Tmin is the thickness of the interlayer film at the minimum thickness position (X2).

[0077]

[0078] This ΔTv ｉｄｅａｌ If ΔTv is smaller than the above, it means that color unevenness of the laminated glass is suppressed and the haze value can be maintained at a low value. In other words, by having the interlayer film have a portion that satisfies the above formula (1-1), it means that color unevenness of the laminated glass is suppressed and the haze value is kept low.

[0079] Examples of methods for satisfying the above formula (1-1) include a method for adjusting the colorant concentration distribution in the thickness direction by a feed block method, a method for adjusting the colorant concentration distribution in the thickness direction by a mold method, and a method for bonding a layer containing a colorant with a small deviation in Tv to a layer containing no colorant.

[0080] In the above formula (1-1), ΔTv>0 may be satisfied, ΔTv<0 may be satisfied, or ΔTv=0 may be satisfied.

[0081] The position (1) is preferably the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end. The position (2) is preferably the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end. In the case of an interlayer film having this preferred configuration, the absolute value of the difference between the thickness of the interlayer film at the maximum thickness position (X1) and the thickness of the interlayer film at the minimum thickness position (X2) is 25 μm or more.

[0082] Note that an interlayer film may have a shaded region. In an interlayer film having a shaded region, the above formula (1-1) may be somewhat appropriate as a configuration for achieving the effects of the present invention due to the shaded region, but may not be entirely appropriate. Therefore, the present invention also provides the following interlayer film.

[0083] The interlayer film includes a colored layer containing a colorant. In laminated glass A obtained by sandwiching the interlayer film between two sheets of clear glass, the interlayer film has a shade region corresponding to a region of laminated glass A where the visible light transmittance is less than 60% and a second region corresponding to a region of laminated glass A where the visible light transmittance is 60% or more. In the interlayer film, the second region has a region P that is a region extending 200 mm from the boundary between the second region and the shade region toward the second region, and a region Q that is a region other than region P. The planar area of ​​the portion of region Q of the interlayer film where the colored layer is present is 80% or more of the total planar area (100%) of the interlayer film. The thickness of the interlayer film at an arbitrary position (Q1) of the interlayer film in region Q, which is located within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, is defined as T1 (mm). The thickness of the interlayer film at position (Q2) in region Q, which is located within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, is defined as T2 (mm), where the thickness of the interlayer film is 25 μm or more smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at position (Q1). When the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (Q1) is defined as Tv1 (%) and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (Q2) is defined as Tv2 (%), the interlayer film has a portion that satisfies the following formula (1-2):

[0084]

[0085] In the above formula (1-2), ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​expressed by the following formulas (1-2A) and (1-2B), respectively.

[0086]

[0087] The method of deriving the above formula (1-2) and its technical significance are the same as those of the above formula (1-1).

[0088] The position (Q1) is preferably the maximum thickness position (XQ1) of the interlayer film in the region Q, which is located within a range of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end. The position (Q2) is preferably the minimum thickness position (XQ2) of the interlayer film in the region Q, which is located within a range of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end. In the case of an interlayer film having this preferred form, the absolute value of the difference between the thickness of the interlayer film at the maximum thickness position (XQ1) and the thickness of the interlayer film at the minimum thickness position (XQ2) of the interlayer film is 25 μm or more.

[0089] In this specification, position (1) can be read as position (Q1), and position (2) can be read as position (Q2). Furthermore, the maximum thickness position (X1) can be read as maximum thickness position (XQ1), and the minimum thickness position (X2) can be read as minimum thickness position (XQ2). Furthermore, formula (1-1A) can be read as formula (1-2A), and formula (1-1B) can be read as formula (1-2B).

[0090] The interlayer film preferably satisfies the following formula (2): In this case, color unevenness in the laminated glass can be more effectively suppressed and the haze value can be further reduced.

[0091]

[0092] In the above formula (2), ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​expressed by the above formulas (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively, and K is 0.95.

[0093] In the above formula (2), K is 0.95, but K is preferably 0.90, more preferably 0.80, more preferably 0.70, more preferably 0.60, more preferably 0.55, more preferably 0.50, more preferably 0.45, more preferably 0.40, more preferably 0.35, more preferably 0.30, more preferably 0.25, even more preferably 0.20, particularly preferably 0.15, and most preferably 0.10. In this case, color unevenness in the laminated glass can be more effectively suppressed and the haze value can be further reduced. When K in the above formula (2) is changed to one of these preferred values, the interlayer film preferably satisfies the changed formula (2).

[0094] The interlayer film preferably satisfies the following formula (3): In this case, color unevenness in the laminated glass can be more effectively suppressed and the haze value can be further reduced.

[0095]

[0096] In the above formula (3), ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​expressed by the above formulas (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively.

[0097] The interlayer film preferably satisfies the following formula (4): In this case, color unevenness in the laminated glass can be more effectively suppressed and the haze value can be further reduced.

[0098]

[0099] In the above formula (4), ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​expressed by the above formulas (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively, and K is 0.95.

[0100] In the above formula (4), K is 0.95, but K is preferably 0.90, more preferably 0.80, more preferably 0.70, more preferably 0.60, more preferably 0.55, more preferably 0.50, more preferably 0.45, more preferably 0.40, more preferably 0.35, more preferably 0.30, more preferably 0.25, even more preferably 0.20, particularly preferably 0.15, and most preferably 0.10. In this case, color unevenness in the laminated glass can be more effectively suppressed and the haze value can be further reduced. When K in the above formula (4) is changed to one of these preferred values, it is preferable that the interlayer film satisfies the changed formula (4).

[0101] Of the total planar area (100%) of the interlayer film, the planar area of ​​the colored region is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, even more preferably 85% or more, even more preferably 90% or more, particularly preferably 95% or more, and most preferably 100%. When the planar area of ​​the colored region is equal to or greater than the above lower limit, ghost images can be more effectively suppressed. Note that, of the total planar area (100%) of the interlayer film, the planar area of ​​the colored region may be 100% or less, less than 100%, or 95% or less.

[0102] The colored region is preferably present at the position (1), and the colored region is preferably present at the position (2). The colored region is preferably present at the maximum thickness position (X1), and the colored region is preferably present at the minimum thickness position (X2).

[0103] The distance (X) between the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is preferably 400 mm or more, more preferably 500 mm or more, even more preferably 600 mm or more, even more preferably 700 mm or more, even more preferably 800 mm or more, particularly preferably 900 mm or more, and most preferably 1000 mm or more, and is preferably 3000 mm or less, more preferably 2500 mm or less, even more preferably 2000 mm or less, even more preferably 1900 mm or less, even more preferably 1800 mm or less, and particularly preferably 1700 mm or less.

[0104] The position at which the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value of the visible light transmittance within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be different from the position (1) and may be different from the position (2). The position at which the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value of the visible light transmittance within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be the position (1) or the position (2).

[0105] The position at which the maximum visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is exhibited within the range of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film to the other end is preferably within the range of 0.15X to 0.85X from one end to the other end, and more preferably within the range of 0.2X to 0.8X. In this case, visibility can be improved.

[0106] The position at which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the minimum value within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be different from the position (1) and may be different from the position (2). The position at which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the minimum value within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be the position (1) or the position (2).

[0107] The maximum visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within the region of 0X to 0.5X from one end of the interlayer film to the other end is preferably 65% ​​or more, more preferably 68% or more, even more preferably 70% or more, particularly preferably 72% or more, most preferably 74% or more, and preferably 85% or less, more preferably 83% or less, even more preferably 81% or less, particularly preferably 80% or less, and most preferably 79% or less. When the maximum value is equal to or greater than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.

[0108] The maximum visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.6X to 1.0X from one end of the interlayer film to the other end is preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.5% or more, even more preferably 1% or more, and preferably 60% or less, more preferably 50% or less, even more preferably 45% or less, and particularly preferably 40% or less. When the maximum value is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.

[0109] The interlayer film preferably has a portion in which the visible light transmittance (numeric value of visible light transmittance) of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end is equal to or less than the value calculated from formula (1-1B). In this case, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.

[0110] The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end can be measured, for example, starting from a position of 0.1X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, at positions 100 mm apart from one end toward the other end.

[0111] The interlayer film preferably has a region where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is 40% or more, more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 55% or more, still more preferably 60% or more, particularly preferably 65% ​​or more, and most preferably 70% or more, and preferably has a region where it is 85% or less, more preferably 84% or less, even more preferably 83% or less, still more preferably 82% or less, still more preferably 81% or less, particularly preferably 80% or less, and most preferably 79% or less. When the interlayer film has a region where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.

[0112] The interlayer film preferably has a region in which the partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more, more preferably 0.10 mrad or more, and even more preferably 0.15 mrad or more, and preferably has a region in which it is 2.00 mrad or less, more preferably 1.75 mrad or less, and even more preferably has a region in which it is 1.50 mrad or less. In this case, ghosting can be suppressed even more effectively.

[0113] The partial wedge angle at a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end is determined as follows.

[0114] The thickness of the interlayer film is measured in a direction connecting the one end and the other end. Points A are selected at 1 mm intervals, starting from a position 200 mm from the one end of the interlayer film toward the other end and ending from a position 200 mm from the other end toward the one end of the interlayer film. In each 400 mm partial region centered at each point A in the direction connecting the one end and the other end, a linear line is obtained by the least squares method, with the distance (unit: mm) from the one end toward the other end as the x-axis and the thickness (unit: μm) of the interlayer film as the y-axis. The interior angle between the obtained linear line and the line y = 0 is defined as the partial wedge angle at point A.

[0115] In order to suppress double images, the wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film can be appropriately set according to the installation angle of the laminated glass.

[0116] The wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film may be 0.05 mrad or more, or may be less than 0.05 mrad. From the viewpoint of further suppressing double images, the wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film is preferably 0.1 mrad (0.00575 degrees) or more, more preferably 0.2 mrad (0.0115 degrees) or more, and preferably 2 mrad (0.1146 degrees) or less, more preferably 0.7 mrad (0.0401 degrees) or less. When the wedge angle (θ) is equal to or greater than the lower limit, laminated glass suitable for vehicles with a large windshield installation angle, such as trucks and buses, can be obtained. When the wedge angle (θ) is equal to or less than the upper limit, laminated glass suitable for vehicles with a small windshield installation angle, such as sports cars, can be obtained.

[0117] The wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film is the angle between a linear line obtained by the least squares method and a line of y=0, where the distance (unit: mm) in the direction connecting one end to the other end of the interlayer film is the x-axis and the thickness (unit: μm) of the interlayer film is the y-axis, in a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end.

[0118] The minimum thickness of the interlayer film is preferably 0.05 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 mm or more, even more preferably 0.2 mm or more, even more preferably 0.3 mm or more, even more preferably 0.4 mm or more, particularly preferably 0.5 mm or more, and most preferably 0.6 mm or more, and is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2.5 mm or less, even more preferably 2.25 mm or less, even more preferably 2 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.8 mm or less.

[0119] The wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film and the thickness of the interlayer film can be measured using a contact-type thickness measuring instrument "TOF-4R" (manufactured by Yamabun Denki Co., Ltd.).

[0120] The thickness is measured using the above-mentioned measuring device at a membrane transport speed of 2.00 mm / min to 2.25 mm / min from one end to the other end over the shortest distance.

[0121] The wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film after it has been formed into laminated glass and the thickness of the interlayer film can be measured with a non-contact multilayer film thickness measuring device such as "OPTIGAUGE" (manufactured by Lumetrics). By using this measuring device, the thickness of the interlayer film can be measured in the form of laminated glass.

[0122] The interlayer film has a single layer structure or a two or more layer structure. The interlayer film may have a single layer structure, a two or more layer structure, or a two or more layer structure. The interlayer film may have a three-layer structure, a three or more layer structure, a four-layer structure, a four or more layer structure, a five or more layer structure, or a five or more layer structure. The interlayer film may include only a first layer. The interlayer film may include a first layer and a second layer disposed on a first surface side of the first layer. The interlayer film may include a first layer, a second layer disposed on a first surface side of the first layer, and a third layer disposed on a second surface side of the first layer opposite the first surface. The interlayer film may include a fourth layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The interlayer film may include a fifth layer disposed between the first layer and the third layer. The interlayer film may be a single-layer interlayer film or a multi-layer interlayer film. The structure of the interlayer film may be partially different. For example, the interlayer film may have a portion with a single-layer structure and a portion with a multi-layer structure. The interlayer film may have a structure of 10 layers or less, or a structure of 5 layers or less.

[0123] From the viewpoint of further increasing the penetration resistance of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the interlayer film preferably includes a layer having a glass transition point of 15°C or higher. The glass transition point of the layer having a glass transition point of 15°C or higher is preferably 16°C or higher, more preferably 17°C or higher, and preferably 30°C or lower, more preferably 25°C or lower. From the viewpoint of further increasing the penetration resistance of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the layer having a glass transition point of 15°C or higher is preferably a surface layer of the interlayer film. The layer having a glass transition point of 15°C or higher may be a colored layer or an intermediate layer of the interlayer film.

[0124] From the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulation performance of the laminated glass, the interlayer film preferably includes a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C, and more preferably includes two or more layers having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The first layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The fourth layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The fifth layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The colored layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C.

[0125] The glass transition temperature of each layer of the interlayer film is measured as follows.

[0126] The interlayer film is stored for at least one month at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 30%. If the interlayer film is single-layered, it is cut into a piece with a diameter of 8 mm to prepare a test piece. If the interlayer film is multilayered, each layer is peeled off and press-molded using a press molding machine to obtain a test piece for the layer to be measured. The glass transition point of each test piece is measured. Examples of devices for measuring the glass transition point include the "ARES-G2" manufactured by TA Instruments. The glass transition point is measured using a parallel plate with a diameter of 8 mm as a jig, under conditions of decreasing the temperature from 100°C to -10°C at a rate of 3°C / min, a frequency of 1 Hz, and a strain of 1%. The peak temperature of the loss tangent in the measurement results obtained is taken as the glass transition point (°C).

[0127] The interlayer film preferably includes a layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The first layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The second layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The third layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The fourth layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The fifth layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The colored layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The interlayer film may include only one layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C, or may include two or more layers. The interlayer film may include 10 or less, or may include 5 or less layers having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.

[0128] The storage modulus at 20°C of the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C is preferably 5 MPa or more, more preferably 6 MPa or more, and preferably 100 MPa or less, more preferably 80 MPa or less, and even more preferably 60 MPa or less.

[0129] The storage modulus at 20° C. of each layer of the interlayer film is measured as follows.

[0130] If the interlayer film is single-layered, it is cut to a size suitable for the jig to prepare a test specimen. If the interlayer film is multilayered, the layers are peeled off and press-molded using a press molding machine to obtain a test specimen for the layer to be measured. In the case of laminated glass, the laminated glass may be cooled with liquid nitrogen or the like, and then the laminated glass member and the interlayer film may be peeled off, and a test specimen may be prepared from the peeled interlayer film. Shear viscoelasticity is measured on the test specimen at 20°C in the range of 50 to 100 Hz to measure the storage modulus. Examples of viscoelasticity measuring devices include the "ARES-G2" manufactured by TA Instruments and the "DVA-200" manufactured by IT Measurement & Control Co., Ltd.

[0131] From the viewpoint of improving visibility, the refractive index of the interlayer film is preferably 1.46 or more, more preferably 1.47 or more, even more preferably 1.48 or more, and preferably 1.60 or less, more preferably 1.55 or less, even more preferably 1.53 or less.

[0132] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. One end of each layer of the interlayer film corresponds to one end of the interlayer film. The other end of each layer of the interlayer film corresponds to the other end of the interlayer film. The distance between one end and the other end of the interlayer film is X.

[0133] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a cross section of an interlayer film 11 in the thickness direction is shown.

[0134] The intermediate film 11 has one end 11 a and the other end 11 b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11 is the same at the one end 11 a and the other end 11 b. The intermediate film 11 has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end 11 a to the other end 11 b.

[0135] The interlayer film 11 includes a first layer 1, a second layer 2, and a third layer 3. The interlayer film 11 has a three-layer structure. The first layer 1 has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1 are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2 is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1 and stacked thereon. The third layer 3 is disposed on the second surface side of the first layer 1 and stacked thereon. The first layer 1 is an intermediate layer. The second layer 2 and the third layer 3 are a protective layer and a surface layer, respectively.

[0136] The thickness of the first layer 1 at one end is the same as the thickness of the other end of the first layer 1. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1 in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0137] The second layer 2 has a thickness equal to that at one end and a thickness equal to that at the other end. The second layer 2 has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2 in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0138] The third layer 3 has a thickness equal to that at one end and a thickness equal to that at the other end. The third layer 3 has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3 in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0139] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11 within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11 is the position of 0.5X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness positions (X2) of the intermediate film 11 within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11 are the positions of 0.1X and 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0140] 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11A.

[0141] The intermediate film 11A has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11A is the same at the one end 11a and the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11A has a region where the thickness decreases and a region where the thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0142] The intermediate film 11A includes a first layer 1A, a second layer 2A, and a third layer 3A. The intermediate film 11A has a three-layer structure. The first layer 1A has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1A are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2A is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1A and is laminated therewith. The third layer 3A is disposed on the second surface side of the first layer 1A and is laminated therewith. The first layer 1A is an intermediate layer. The second layer 2A and the third layer 3A are a protective layer and a surface layer, respectively.

[0143] The thickness of the first layer 1A at one end is the same as the thickness of the other end of the first layer 1A. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1A in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0144] The thickness of the second layer 2A at one end is the same as the thickness at the other end. The second layer 2A has a region where the thickness decreases and a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2A. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2A in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0145] The thickness of the third layer 3A at one end is the same as the thickness at the other end. The third layer 3A has a region where the thickness decreases and a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3A. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3A in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0146] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11A within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11A is the position of 0.1X and the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11A. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11A within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11A is the position of 0.5X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11A.

[0147] 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a third embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11B.

[0148] The intermediate film 11B has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11B is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11B has a region in which the thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0149] The intermediate film 11B includes a first layer 1B and a second layer 2B. The intermediate film 11B has a two-layer structure. The first layer 1B has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1B are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2B is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1B and is laminated thereon. The first layer 1B and the second layer 2B are each a surface layer.

[0150] The thickness of the first layer 1B at one end is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1B. The first layer 1B has a region in which the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1B. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1B in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0151] The thickness of the second layer 2B at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2B at the other end. The second layer 2B has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2B. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2B in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0152] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11B within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11B is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11B within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11B is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0153] 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11C.

[0154] The intermediate film 11C has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11C is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11C has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0155] The intermediate film 11C includes a first layer 1C and a second layer 2C. The intermediate film 11C has a two-layer structure. The first layer 1C has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1C are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2C is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1C and is laminated thereon. The first layer 1C and the second layer 2C are each a surface layer.

[0156] The thickness of the first layer 1C at one end is greater than the thickness of the other end of the first layer 1C. The first layer 1C has a region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1C. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1C in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0157] The thickness of the second layer 2C at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2C at the other end. The second layer 2C has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2C in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0158] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11C within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11C is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11C within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11C is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0159] Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11D.

[0160] The intermediate film 11D has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11D is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11D has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0161] The intermediate film 11D includes a first layer 1D, a second layer 2D, and a third layer 3D. The intermediate film 11D has a three-layer structure. The first layer 1D has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1D are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2D is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1D and stacked thereon. The third layer 3D is disposed on the second surface side of the first layer 1D and stacked thereon. The first layer 1D is an intermediate layer. The second layer 2D and the third layer 3D are each surface layers.

[0162] The thickness of the first layer 1D at one end is the same as the thickness of the first layer 1D at the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1D in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0163] The thickness of the second layer 2D at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2D at the other end. The second layer 2D has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2D. The second layer 2D has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is greater within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2D. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2D in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0164] The thickness of the third layer 3D at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3D. The third layer 3D has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3D. The third layer 3D has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is greater within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3D. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3D in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0165] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11D within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11D is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11D within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11D is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0166] 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11E.

[0167] The intermediate film 11E has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11E at the one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11E has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a toward the other end 11b.

[0168] The intermediate film 11E includes a first layer 1E, a second layer 2E, and a third layer 3E. The intermediate film 11E has a three-layer structure. The first layer 1E has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1E are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2E is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1E and stacked thereon. The third layer 3E is disposed on the second surface side of the first layer 1E and stacked thereon. The first layer 1E is an intermediate layer. The second layer 2E and the third layer 3E are each surface layers.

[0169] The thickness of the first layer 1E at one end is the same as the thickness of the first layer 1E at the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1E in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0170] The thickness of the second layer 2E at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2E at the other end. The second layer 2E has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2E. The second layer 2E has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2E. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2E in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0171] The thickness of the third layer 3E at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3E. The third layer 3E has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3E. The third layer 3E has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3E. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3E in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0172] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11E within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11E is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11E within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11E is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0173] 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11F.

[0174] The intermediate film 11F has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11F is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11F has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0175] The intermediate film 11F includes a first layer 1F, a second layer 2F, a third layer 3F, and a fourth layer 4F. The intermediate film 11F has a four-layer structure. The first layer 1F has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1F are surfaces that face each other. A fourth layer 4F is disposed and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1F. A third layer 3F is disposed and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1F. A second layer 2F is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4F opposite the first layer 1F side. The first layer 1F and the fourth layer 4F are intermediate layers. The second layer 2F and the third layer 3F are each surface layers.

[0176] The thickness of the first layer 1F at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the first layer 1F. The first layer 1F has a region in which the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1F. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1F in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0177] The thickness of the second layer 2F at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2F at the other end. The second layer 2F has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2F. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2F in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0178] The thickness of the third layer 3F at one end is the same as the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3F. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3F in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0179] The fourth layer 4F has a thickness at one end that is the same as the thickness at the other end thereof. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4F in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0180] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11F within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11F is the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11F within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11F is the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0181] 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11G.

[0182] The intermediate film 11G has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11G at the one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11G has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a toward the other end 11b.

[0183] The intermediate film 11G includes a first layer 1G, a second layer 2G, and a third layer 3G. The intermediate film 11G has a three-layer structure. The first layer 1G has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1G are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2G is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1G and is laminated thereon. The third layer 3G is disposed on the second surface side of the first layer 1G and is laminated thereon. The first layer 1G is an intermediate layer. The second layer 2G and the third layer 3G are each surface layers.

[0184] The thickness of the first layer 1G at one end is the same as the thickness of the other end of the first layer 1G. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1G in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0185] The thickness of the second layer 2G at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2G at the other end. The second layer 2G has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2G. The amount of increase in thickness of the second layer 2G is constant from one end to the other end of the second layer 2G. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2G in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0186] The thickness of the third layer 3G at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3G. The third layer 3G has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3G. The amount of increase in thickness of the third layer 3G is constant from one end to the other end of the third layer 3G. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3G in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0187] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11G within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11G is the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11G within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11G is the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0188] 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11H.

[0189] The intermediate film 11H has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11H at the one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11H has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a toward the other end 11b.

[0190] The intermediate film 11H includes a first layer 1H, a second layer 2H, a third layer 3H, and a fourth layer 4H. The intermediate film 11H has a four-layer structure. The first layer 1H has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1H are opposite to each other. A fourth layer 4H is disposed and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1H. A third layer 3H is disposed and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1H. A second layer 2H is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4H opposite to the first layer 1H side. The first layer 1H and the fourth layer 4H are intermediate layers. The second layer 2H and the third layer 3H are each surface layers.

[0191] The thickness of the first layer 1H at one end is thinner than the thickness of the first layer 1H at the other end. The first layer 1H has a region in which the thickness increases from one end to the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1H in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0192] The thickness of the second layer 2H at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2H at the other end. The second layer 2H has a region in which the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2H. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2H in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0193] The thickness of the third layer 3H at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3H. The third layer 3H has a region in which the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3H. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3H in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0194] The fourth layer 4H has a thickness at one end thereof that is the same as the thickness at the other end thereof. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4H in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0195] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11H within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11H is the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11H within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11H is the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0196] 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11I.

[0197] The intermediate film 11I has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11I at the one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11I has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a toward the other end 11b.

[0198] The intermediate film 11I includes a first layer 1I, a second layer 2I, a third layer 3I, a fourth layer 4I, and a fifth layer 5I. The intermediate film 11I has a five-layer structure. The first layer 1I has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1I are opposite each other. A fourth layer 4I is disposed and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1I. A third layer 3I and a fifth layer 5I are disposed on the second surface side of the first layer 1I. A second layer 2I is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4I opposite the first layer 1I side. The fifth layer 5I is embedded in the third layer 3I. The first layer 1I, the fourth layer 4I, and the fifth layer 5I are intermediate layers. The second layer 2I and the third layer 3I are each surface layers.

[0199] The fifth layer 5I is a shade layer having a gradation portion.

[0200] The interlayer film 11I has a shade region with a visible light transmittance of less than 60% and a second region with a visible light transmittance of 60% or more. The second region has a region P that is a region extending 200 mm toward the second region from the boundary between the second region and the shade region, and a region Q that is a region other than region P.

[0201] The thickness of the first layer 1I at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the first layer 1I. The first layer 1I has a region in which the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1I. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1I in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0202] The thickness of the second layer 2I at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2I at the other end. The second layer 2I has a region in which the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2I. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2I in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0203] The thickness of the third layer 3I at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3I. The third layer 3I has a region in which the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3I. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3I in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0204] The fourth layer 4I has a thickness at one end that is the same as a thickness at the other end of the fourth layer 4I. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4I in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0205] The thickness of the fifth layer 5I at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the fifth layer 5I. The fifth layer 5I has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness is uniform from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5I. The cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer 5I in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0206] The maximum thickness position (XQ1) of the intermediate film 11I in the region Q is the boundary position between the region P and the region Q from the one end 11a toward the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (XQ2) of the intermediate film 11I in the region Q is the position of the one end 11a.

[0207] 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11J.

[0208] The intermediate film 11J has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11J at the one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11J has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a toward the other end 11b.

[0209] The intermediate film 11J includes a first layer 1J, a second layer 2J, a third layer 3J, a fourth layer 4J, and a fifth layer 5J. The intermediate film 11J has a five-layer structure. The first layer 1J has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1J are opposite each other. A fourth layer 4J is disposed and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1J. A fifth layer 5J is disposed and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1J. A second layer 2J is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4J opposite the first layer 1J. A third layer 3J is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fifth layer 5J opposite the first layer 1J. The first layer 1J, the fourth layer 4J, and the fifth layer 5J are intermediate layers. The second layer 2J and the third layer 3J are each a surface layer.

[0210] The thickness of the first layer 1J at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the first layer 1J. The first layer 1J has a region whose thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1J. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1J in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0211] The thickness of the second layer 2J at one end is the same as the thickness of the second layer 2J at the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2J in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0212] The thickness of the third layer 3J at one end is the same as the thickness of the third layer 3J at the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3J in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0213] The thickness of the fourth layer 4J at one end is greater than the thickness of the fourth layer 4J at the other end. The fourth layer 4J has a region in which the thickness decreases from one end to the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4J in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0214] The thickness of the fifth layer 5J at one end is greater than the thickness of the other end of the fifth layer 5J. The fifth layer 5J has a region whose thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5J. The cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer 5J in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0215] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11J within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11J is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11J within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11J is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0216] 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11K.

[0217] The intermediate film 11K has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11K at the one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11K has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a toward the other end 11b.

[0218] The intermediate film 11K includes a first layer 1K and a second layer 2K. The intermediate film 11K has a two-layer structure. The first layer 1K has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1K are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2K is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1K and is laminated thereon. The first layer 1K and the second layer 2K are each a surface layer.

[0219] The thickness of the first layer 1K at one end is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1K. The first layer 1K has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1K. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1K in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0220] The thickness of the second layer 2K at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2K at the other end. The second layer 2K has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2K. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2K in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0221] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11K within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11K is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11K within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11K is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0222] 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11L.

[0223] The intermediate film 11L has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11L at the one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11L has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a toward the other end 11b.

[0224] The interlayer film 11L includes a first layer 1L and a second layer 2L. The interlayer film 11L has a two-layer structure. The first layer 1L has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1L are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2L is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1L and is laminated thereon. The first layer 1L and the second layer 2L are each a surface layer.

[0225] The thickness of the first layer 1L at one end is greater than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1L. The first layer 1L has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1L. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1L in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0226] The thickness of the second layer 2L at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2L at the other end. The second layer 2L has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2L. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2L in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0227] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11L within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11L is the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11L within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11L is the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0228] 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11M.

[0229] The intermediate film 11M has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11M is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11M has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0230] The intermediate film 11M includes a first layer 1M and a second layer 2M. The intermediate film 11M has a two-layer structure. The first layer 1M has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1M are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2M is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1M and is laminated thereon. The first layer 1M and the second layer 2M are each a surface layer.

[0231] The thickness of the first layer 1M at one end is the same as the thickness of the first layer 1M at the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1M in the thickness direction is rectangular.

[0232] The thickness of the second layer 2M at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2M at the other end. The second layer 2M has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2M. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2M in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0233] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11M within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11M is the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11M within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11M is the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0234] 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11N.

[0235] The intermediate film 11N has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11N is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11N has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0236] The intermediate film 11N includes a first layer 1N and a second layer 2N. The intermediate film 11N has a two-layer structure. The first layer 1N has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1N are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2N is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1N and is laminated thereon. The first layer 1N and the second layer 2N are each a surface layer.

[0237] The thickness of the first layer 1N at one end is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1N. The first layer 1N has a region where the thickness decreases and a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1N. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1N in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0238] The thickness of the second layer 2N at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2N at the other end. The second layer 2N has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2N. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2N in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0239] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11N within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11N is the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11N within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11N is the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0240] Hereinafter, the details of each layer constituting the interlayer film according to the present invention and the details of each component contained in each layer will be described.

[0241] (Colorant) The interlayer film preferably contains a colorant. The interlayer film preferably includes a colored layer containing a colorant. The first layer may or may not contain a colorant. The second layer may or may not contain a colorant. The third layer may or may not contain a colorant. The fourth layer may or may not contain a colorant. The fifth layer may or may not contain a colorant. Usually, the region where the colored layer is present corresponds to the colored region. In the interlayer film, there may be only one colored layer, two colored layers, or two or more colored layers. In the interlayer film, there may be 10 or less colored layers, or there may be 5 or less colored layers.

[0242] The cross-sectional shape of the colored layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0243] The minimum thickness of the colored layer is preferably 30 μm or more, more preferably 50 μm or more, even more preferably 75 μm or more, even more preferably 100 μm or more, even more preferably 125 μm or more, even more preferably 150 μm or more, particularly preferably 175 μm or more, most preferably 200 μm or more, and preferably 1600 μm or less, more preferably 1500 μm or less, and even more preferably 1400 μm or less. When the minimum thickness of the colored layer is at least the above lower limit and is at most the above upper limit, the haze of the laminated glass can be further reduced.

[0244] The colored layer is preferably present at the position (1), and the colored layer is preferably present at the position (2). The colored layer is preferably present at the maximum thickness position (X1), and the colored layer is preferably present at the minimum thickness position (X2).

[0245] The content of the colorant in 100% by weight of the colored layer is preferably 0.00001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.00005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.0002% by weight or more, most preferably 0.0003% by weight or more, and preferably 7% by weight or less, more preferably 6% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less, and most preferably 1% by weight or less. When the content of the colorant is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the haze of the laminated glass can be further reduced.

[0246] In an interlayer film having the above-mentioned shade region, the planar area of ​​the portion where the colored layer is present is 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more, and most preferably 100% of the total planar area of ​​the region Q of the interlayer film (100%). When the planar area of ​​the portion where the colored layer is present is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit, ghost images can be more effectively suppressed. Note that, of the total planar area of ​​the region Q of the interlayer film (100%), the planar area of ​​the portion where the colored layer is present may be 100% or less, less than 100%, or 95% or less.

[0247] Examples of the colorant include dyes, pigments, and heat-shielding materials. By incorporating the colorant into the interlayer film, the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ , a ＊ or b ＊ It is preferable that the component be capable of adjusting the above. Note that the heat-shielding substance is a component that absorbs a relatively large amount of light having wavelengths other than the visible light region. Furthermore, heat-shielding performance means the ability to absorb a relatively large amount of light having wavelengths other than the visible light region.

[0248] From the viewpoint of enhancing design, the colorant is preferably a dye or a pigment, and the interlayer film preferably contains a dye or a pigment.

[0249] Examples of the dye include pyrene-based dyes, aminoketone-based dyes, anthraquinone-based dyes, azo-based dyes, etc. The dyes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0250] The content of the dye in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the dye (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, fifth layer, or colored layer) is 0.00003% by weight or more, more preferably 0.00005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.0002% by weight or more, most preferably 0.0003% by weight or more, and preferably 7% by weight or less, more preferably 6% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less, and most preferably 1% by weight or less. When the content of the dye is at least the above lower limit and at most the above upper limit, the heat-shielding property and the visible light transmittance are sufficiently high.

[0251] The pigment may be an organic pigment or an inorganic pigment. The organic pigment may be an organic pigment having a metal atom or an organic pigment not having a metal atom. Only one type of the pigment may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0252] Examples of the organic pigment include phthalocyanine compounds, quinacridone compounds, azo compounds, pentaphene compounds, perylene compounds, indole compounds, threne compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinone compounds, perinone compounds, indanthrene compounds, indigo compounds, nickel complex compounds, azo compounds, carbon black, and dioxazine compounds.

[0253]

[0023] The content of the pigment in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the pigment (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, fifth layer, or colored layer) is 0.00001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.00005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.0002% by weight or more, most preferably 0.0003% by weight or more, and preferably 7% by weight or less, more preferably 6% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less, and most preferably 1% by weight or less. When the content of the pigment is at least the above lower limit and at most the above upper limit, the heat shielding property and the visible light transmittance are sufficiently high.

[0254] From the viewpoint of enhancing the heat-shielding properties of the laminated glass, the colorant preferably contains a heat-shielding substance, and more preferably is a heat-shielding substance. From the viewpoint of enhancing the heat-shielding properties of the laminated glass, the interlayer film preferably includes a layer containing a heat-shielding substance.

[0255] The heat-shielding material preferably contains at least one component X selected from a phthalocyanine compound, a naphthalocyanine compound, and an anthracyanine compound, or contains heat-shielding particles. In this case, the heat-shielding material may contain both the component X and the heat-shielding particles.

[0256] The content of the heat-shielding substance in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the heat-shielding substance (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, fifth layer, or colored layer) is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, more preferably 0.01% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.02% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.05% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.1% by weight or more, preferably 6% by weight or less, more preferably 5.5% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3.5% by weight or less, and most preferably 3% by weight or less. When the content of the heat-shielding substance is at least the above-mentioned lower limit and at most the above-mentioned upper limit, the heat-shielding property is sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance is sufficiently high.

[0257] Examples of the component X include phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine derivatives, anthracyanine, and anthracyanine derivatives. The phthalocyanine compound and the phthalocyanine derivative preferably have a phthalocyanine skeleton. The naphthalocyanine compound and the naphthalocyanine derivative preferably have a naphthalocyanine skeleton. The anthracyanine compound and the anthracyanine derivative preferably have an anthracyanine skeleton.

[0258] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the component X is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine, and naphthalocyanine derivatives, and more preferably at least one of phthalocyanine and phthalocyanine derivatives.

[0259] From the viewpoint of effectively improving the heat-shielding properties and maintaining a higher visible light transmittance for a long period of time, the component X preferably contains a vanadium atom or a copper atom. The component X preferably contains a vanadium atom, and also preferably contains a copper atom. The component X is more preferably at least one of a phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom and a derivative of a phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom. From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the component X preferably has a structural unit in which an oxygen atom is bonded to a vanadium atom.

[0260] The content of component X in 100 wt % of the interlayer film or 100 wt % of a layer containing component X (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, fifth layer, or colored layer) is preferably 0.001 wt % or more, more preferably 0.005 wt % or more, even more preferably 0.01 wt % or more, particularly preferably 0.02 wt % or more, preferably 6 wt % or less, more preferably 5.5 wt % or less, even more preferably 4 wt % or less, and particularly preferably 3.5 wt % or less. When the content of component X is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit and equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the heat-shielding properties are sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance is sufficiently high. For example, it is possible to achieve a visible light transmittance of 70% or more.

[0261] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat-shielding properties of the laminated glass, the heat-shielding particles are more preferably metal oxide particles, and the heat-shielding particles are preferably particles formed from a metal oxide (metal oxide particles).

[0262] Infrared rays, which have wavelengths of 780 nm or more, which are longer than visible light, have a smaller amount of energy than ultraviolet rays. However, infrared rays have a large thermal effect, and when infrared rays are absorbed by a substance, they are released as heat. For this reason, infrared rays are generally called heat rays. By using the above heat-shielding particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be effectively blocked. Here, heat-shielding particles refer to particles that can absorb infrared rays.

[0263] Specific examples of the heat-shielding particles include metal oxide particles such as aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles), aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niobium-doped titanium oxide particles, sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles), thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide particles, and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles; and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB ６ ) particles, etc. Heat-shielding particles other than these may also be used. Metal oxide particles are preferred because of their high heat-ray shielding function, and ATO particles, GZO particles, IZO particles, ITO particles, or tungsten oxide particles are more preferred, with ITO particles or tungsten oxide particles being particularly preferred. In particular, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles) are preferred because of their high heat-ray shielding function and ease of availability, and tungsten oxide particles are also preferred.

[0264] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the tungsten oxide particles are preferably metal-doped tungsten oxide particles. The "tungsten oxide particles" include metal-doped tungsten oxide particles. Specific examples of the metal-doped tungsten oxide particles include sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles.

[0265] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are particularly preferred. From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are represented by the formula: Cs ０．３３ WO ３ Preferably, the tungsten oxide particles are represented by the formula:

[0266] The average particle size of the heat-shielding particles is preferably 0.01 μm or more, more preferably 0.02 μm or more, and preferably 0.1 μm or less, more preferably 0.05 μm or less. When the average particle size is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the heat ray shielding property is sufficiently high. When the average particle size is equal to or less than the upper limit, the dispersibility of the heat-shielding particles is high.

[0267] The "average particle size" refers to the volume average particle size. The average particle size can be measured using a particle size distribution analyzer ("UPA-EX150" manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) or the like.

[0268] The content of the heat-shielding particles in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the heat-shielding particles (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, fifth layer, or colored layer) is 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.01% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.02% by weight or more, preferably 6% by weight or less, more preferably 5.5% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 3.5% by weight or less. When the content of the heat-shielding particles is at least the above-mentioned lower limit and at most the above-mentioned upper limit, the heat-shielding property becomes sufficiently high, and the visible light transmittance becomes sufficiently high.

[0269] Other details of the colorant: The distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer film is defined as t. From the viewpoint of improving heat-shielding performance, the colorant is preferably present in a region of 0t to 0.2t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. From the viewpoint of improving adhesion stability between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, the colorant is preferably present in a region of more than 0.2t to 0.4t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. From the viewpoint of improving adhesion stability between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, the colorant is preferably present in a region of more than 0.4t to 0.5t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface.

[0270] (Thermoplastic Resin) The interlayer film preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The first layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The second layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The third layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The fourth layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The fifth layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The colored layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. Only one type of thermoplastic resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0271] Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, polyurethane resin, (meth)acrylic resin, polyolefin resin, ionomer resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, etc. Thermoplastic resins other than these may also be used.

[0272] The interlayer film preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The first layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The second layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The third layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The fourth layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The fifth layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The colored layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The thermoplastic resin contained in the interlayer film is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin. Only one type of polyvinyl acetal resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0273] The content of polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of thermoplastic resin contained in each layer constituting the interlayer film (the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer, the fifth layer, or the colored layer) is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, even more preferably 50% by weight or more, still more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, most preferably 90% by weight or more, and preferably 100% by weight or less. The main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in each layer constituting the interlayer film is preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.

[0274] (Plasticizer) From the viewpoint of further increasing the adhesive strength of the interlayer film, it is preferable that the interlayer film contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the first layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the second layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the third layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the fourth layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the fifth layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the colored layer contains a plasticizer. When the thermoplastic resin contained in the interlayer film is a polyvinyl acetal resin, it is particularly preferable that the interlayer film (each layer) contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the layer containing a polyvinyl acetal resin contains a plasticizer. Only one type of plasticizer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0275] The plasticizer is not particularly limited. Any conventionally known plasticizer can be used as the plasticizer. Only one type of plasticizer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0276] Examples of the plasticizer include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, organic phosphate plasticizers, and organic phosphite plasticizers. The plasticizer is preferably an organic ester plasticizer. The plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.

[0277] Examples of the monobasic organic acid ester include glycol esters obtained by reacting glycol with a monobasic organic acid. Examples of the glycol include triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol. Examples of the monobasic organic acid include butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptyl acid, n-octylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acid, n-nonylic acid, decylic acid, and benzoic acid.

[0278] Examples of the polybasic organic acid ester include ester compounds of a polybasic organic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure and having 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the polybasic organic acid include adipic acid, sebacic acid, and azelaic acid.

[0279] Examples of the organic ester plasticizer include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, and diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutylene. Examples of suitable organic ester plasticizers include diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicaprylate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexylcyclohexyl adipate, a mixture of heptyl adipate and nonyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, heptylnonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified alkyd sebacate, and a mixture of a phosphate ester and an adipate. Organic ester plasticizers other than those listed above may also be used as the organic ester plasticizer. Furthermore, adipate esters other than the above-mentioned adipate esters may also be used as the adipate ester.

[0280] Examples of the organic phosphoric acid plasticizer include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, and triisopropyl phosphate.

[0281] The plasticizer preferably includes triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate. The plasticizer more preferably includes triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), and even more preferably includes triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO).

[0282] The content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film is preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 25 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, and is preferably 100 parts by weight or less, more preferably 60 parts by weight or less, even more preferably 50 parts by weight or less. When the content of the plasticizer is at least the above-mentioned lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further improved. When the content of the plasticizer is at most the above-mentioned upper limit, the transparency of the interlayer film is further improved.

[0283] (Other Components) The interlayer film, the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer, the fifth layer, and the colored layer may each contain components other than the above-mentioned components, as necessary. Examples of the other components include ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, coupling agents, dispersants, surfactants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, adhesion modifiers (alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, etc.), moisture-resistant agents, fluorescent brighteners, and infrared absorbers. Each of these other components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0284] (Other Details of the Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass) As described above, one end of each layer of the interlayer film corresponds to one end of the interlayer film, and the other end of each layer of the interlayer film corresponds to the other end of the interlayer film.

[0285] In the first layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0286] The first layer may have a region of increasing thickness or a region of decreasing thickness from the one end of the first layer to the other end of the first layer. The first layer may have a region of increasing thickness and a region of decreasing thickness from the one end of the first layer to the other end of the first layer.

[0287] The first layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness increases and a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the first layer. The amount of increase in thickness of the first layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the first layer.

[0288] The first layer may have a portion where the amount of thickness reduction increases or a portion where the amount of thickness reduction decreases within a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the first layer. The amount of thickness reduction of the first layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the first layer.

[0289] The cross-sectional shape of the first layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0290] In the second layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0291] The second layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end of the second layer to the other end of the second layer. The second layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end of the second layer to the other end of the second layer.

[0292] The second layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is large and a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is small in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the second layer. The amount of increase in thickness of the second layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the second layer.

[0293] The second layer may have a portion where the amount of thickness reduction increases or a portion where the amount of thickness reduction decreases within a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the second layer. The amount of thickness reduction of the second layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the second layer.

[0294] The cross-sectional shape of the second layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0295] In the third layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0296] The third layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end to the other end of the third layer. The third layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the third layer.

[0297] The third layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is large or a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is small in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the third layer. The amount of increase in thickness of the third layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the third layer.

[0298] The third layer may have a portion where the amount of thickness reduction increases or a portion where the amount of thickness reduction decreases within a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the third layer. The amount of thickness reduction of the third layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the third layer.

[0299] The cross-sectional shape of the third layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0300] In the fourth layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0301] The fourth layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer. The fourth layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer.

[0302] The fourth layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is large or a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is small in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer. The fourth layer may have a constant amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer.

[0303] The fourth layer may have a portion where the amount of thickness reduction increases or a portion where the amount of thickness reduction decreases within a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer. The fourth layer may have a constant amount of thickness reduction from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer.

[0304] The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0305] In the fifth layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0306] The fifth layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer. The fifth layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer.

[0307] The fifth layer may have a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer, and may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness increases and a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases. The fifth layer may have a constant amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer.

[0308] The fifth layer may have a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer, the region having a greater amount of thickness decrease, or the fifth layer may have a region where the amount of thickness decrease decreases. The fifth layer may have a constant amount of thickness decrease from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer.

[0309] The cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0310] In the colored layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0311] The colored layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end of the colored layer to the other end. The colored layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end of the colored layer to the other end.

[0312] The colored layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness increases and a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the colored layer. The amount of increase in thickness of the colored layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the colored layer.

[0313] The colored layer may have a portion where the amount of thickness reduction increases or a portion where the amount of thickness reduction decreases within a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the colored layer. The amount of thickness reduction of the colored layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the colored layer.

[0314] The cross-sectional shape of the colored layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0315] The interlayer film may be wound into a roll of the interlayer film. The roll may include a winding core and the interlayer film wound around the outer periphery of the winding core.

[0316] The method for producing the interlayer film is not particularly limited. In the case of a single-layer interlayer film, the method for producing the interlayer film includes extruding a resin composition using an extruder. In the case of a multi-layer interlayer film, the method for producing the interlayer film includes, for example, forming each layer using a resin composition for each layer, and then laminating the resulting layers. Furthermore, the method for producing the interlayer film includes co-extruding the resin compositions for each layer using an extruder to laminate the layers. A production method using extrusion molding is preferred because it is suitable for continuous production.

[0317] Examples of methods for laminating layers by co-extrusion include a method in which the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film, which have been melted in one or more extruders, are joined in a mold, and a method in which the layers of the interlayer film are joined in a feed block. From the perspective of successfully producing an interlayer film that satisfies the above formula (1-1) or (1-2), the method for producing the interlayer film preferably includes a step of joining the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film, which have been melted in one or more extruders, in a mold, or a step of joining the layers of the interlayer film in a feed block. Before joining the layers by co-extrusion, the resin pressure of each layer can be adjusted to change the resin flow rate distribution or the resin flow rate of each layer, thereby forming a layer shape with a predetermined thickness, and an interlayer film that satisfies the above formula (1-1) or (1-2) can be successfully produced. Specific methods for adjusting the flow rate include changing the gap of the flow path or the length of the flow path. From the viewpoint of successfully producing an interlayer film satisfying the above formula (1-1) or (1-2), it is preferable that the flow rate of the molten resin containing the colorant is relatively small in areas where the thickness of the obtained interlayer film is large compared to other areas. When the interlayer film having a structure of three or more layers is formed by coextrusion, the molten resin supplied from one extruder may be branched and then the layers may be merged again to form two or more resin layers. Methods for branching the molten resin by coextrusion include branching in a molten resin transport pipe, branching in a flow path inside a feed block, and branching in a flow path inside a mold. In coextrusion, the flow path diameters and shapes of the molten resin transport pipes do not all need to be the same, and may all be the same. Either one or multiple extruders may be used in coextrusion.

[0318] In view of excellent production efficiency of the interlayer film, it is preferable that the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin. In view of excellent production efficiency of the interlayer film, it is more preferable that the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin and the same plasticizer. In view of excellent production efficiency of the interlayer film, it is even more preferable that the second layer and the third layer are formed from the same resin composition.

[0319] The interlayer film preferably has an uneven shape on at least one of its two surfaces. The interlayer film more preferably has an uneven shape on both surfaces. The method for forming the uneven shape is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lip embossing (melt fracture), embossing roll, calender roll, and profile extrusion.

[0320] From the viewpoint of improving degassing properties when the interlayer film is attached to a laminated glass member and from the viewpoint of uniformity of the roughness distribution, the interlayer film preferably has an uneven surface imparted by an embossing roll method or a melt fracture method.

[0321] The ten-point average roughness (Rz) of the uneven surface is preferably 1 μm or more, more preferably 5 μm or more, even more preferably 10 μm or more, still more preferably 15 μm or more, particularly preferably 20 μm or more, and preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 90 μm or less, even more preferably 80 μm or less, particularly preferably 70 μm or less, and most preferably 60 μm or less. When the ten-point average roughness (Rz) is at least the above lower limit and is at most the above upper limit, degassing performance during pressure bonding of the interlayer film and laminated glass member can be improved.

[0322] The ten-point average roughness (Rz) of the textured surface is measured in accordance with JIS B0601:1994. A measuring instrument for measuring the ten-point average roughness (Rz) may be, for example, the "Surfcorder SE300" manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Co., Ltd. More specifically, the ten-point average roughness (Rz) can be measured using a palpator needle with a tip radius of 2 μm and a tip angle of 60° under the following measurement conditions: cutoff value during measurement: 2.5 mm, reference length: 2.5 mm, measurement length: 12.5 mm, preliminary length: 2.5 mm, and palpator needle feed rate: 0.5 mm / sec, under an environment of 23°C and 30% RH. When the surface of the interlayer film is embossed with ruled lines, the ten-point average roughness (Rz) is measured by moving the palpator needle in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the ruled lines.

[0323] (Laminated Glass) The laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the above-described interlayer film. In the laminated glass according to the present invention, the interlayer film is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

[0324] The laminated glass may be a head-up display. When the laminated glass is a head-up display, the laminated glass has a display area for the head-up display. The display area is an area where information can be displayed well.

[0325] A head-up display system can be obtained using the head-up display. The head-up display system includes the laminated glass and a light source device for irradiating the laminated glass with light for image display. The light source device can be attached to the dashboard of a vehicle, for example. An image can be displayed by irradiating the display area of ​​the laminated glass with light from the light source device.

[0326] The first laminated glass member is preferably a first glass plate, and the second laminated glass member is preferably a second glass plate.

[0327] Examples of the first and second laminated glass members include glass plates and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films. The laminated glass includes not only laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between two glass plates, but also laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film or the like. The laminated glass is a laminate including glass plates, and preferably includes at least one glass plate. It is preferable that the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member are each a glass plate or a PET film, and that the laminated glass includes a glass plate as at least one of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. It is particularly preferable that both the first and second laminated glass members are glass plates.

[0328] Examples of the glass plate include inorganic glass and organic glass. Examples of the inorganic glass include float glass, heat-absorbing glass, heat-reflecting glass, polished glass, patterned glass, lined glass, and green glass. The organic glass is a synthetic resin glass that replaces inorganic glass. Examples of the organic glass include polycarbonate plates and poly(meth)acrylic resin plates. Examples of the poly(meth)acrylic resin plates include polymethyl(meth)acrylate plates.

[0329] The thickness of each of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is preferably 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less. When the laminated glass member is a glass plate, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, and preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less. When the laminated glass member is a PET film, the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm or more and preferably 0.5 mm or less.

[0330] The cross-sectional shape of the first laminated glass member may be rectangular or wedge-shaped. The cross-sectional shape of the second laminated glass member may be rectangular or wedge-shaped. The first laminated glass member may have a curved surface, and the second laminated glass member may have a curved surface. The first laminated glass member preferably has a uniform thickness, and the second laminated glass member preferably has a uniform thickness.

[0331] Furthermore, in the laminated glass, the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or nearly achromatic by selecting a combination of the interlayer film and the first and second laminated glass members that has a complementary color relationship. For example, when green glass (colored glass) is used as the laminated glass member, the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or nearly achromatic by using an interlayer film that is colored red.

[0332] The first laminated glass member may or may not be colored glass, and the second laminated glass member may or may not be colored glass.

[0333] Examples of the colored glass include green glass, heat-absorbing plate glass, heat-reflecting plate glass, polished plate glass, patterned glass, and wired glass. In the wired glass, the lines may be in the form of a mesh. The use of colored glass can improve the heat-shielding properties of the laminated glass.

[0334] The L of the first laminated glass member is a colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ is preferably −10 or more, more preferably −8 or more, even more preferably −6 or more, particularly preferably −5 or more, and is preferably 0 or less, more preferably −2 or less, even more preferably −3 or less. ＊ When the value is equal to or larger than the above lower limit and equal to or smaller than the above upper limit, the heat insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0335] The L of the first laminated glass member is a colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more, even more preferably 0.5 or more, and is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2.8 or less, even more preferably 2 or less. ＊ When the value is equal to or larger than the above lower limit and equal to or smaller than the above upper limit, the heat insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0336] The L of the first laminated glass member is a colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ is preferably 88 or more, more preferably 90 or more, even more preferably 92 or more, and is preferably 97 or less, more preferably 96 or less, even more preferably 95 or less. ＊When the value is equal to or larger than the above lower limit and equal to or smaller than the above upper limit, the heat insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0337] The L of the second laminated glass member is a colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ is preferably −10 or more, more preferably −8 or more, even more preferably −6 or more, particularly preferably −5 or more, and is preferably 0 or less, more preferably −2 or less, even more preferably −3 or less. ＊ When the value is equal to or larger than the above lower limit and equal to or smaller than the above upper limit, the heat insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0338] The L of the second laminated glass member is a colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more, even more preferably 0.5 or more, and is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2.8 or less, even more preferably 2 or less. ＊ When the value is equal to or larger than the above lower limit and equal to or smaller than the above upper limit, the heat insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0339] The L of the second laminated glass member is a colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ is preferably 88 or more, more preferably 90 or more, even more preferably 92 or more, and is preferably 97 or less, more preferably 96 or less, even more preferably 95 or less. ＊ When the value is equal to or larger than the above lower limit and equal to or smaller than the above upper limit, the heat insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0340] The L of the first laminated glass member is not colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ and the L of the second laminated glass member that is not colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ are each preferably −2 or more and preferably 2 or less.

[0341] The L of the first laminated glass member is not colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ and the L of the second laminated glass member that is not colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ are each preferably −2 or more and preferably 2 or less.

[0342] The L of the first laminated glass member is not colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ and the L of the second laminated glass member that is not colored glass. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ are each preferably 90 or more and preferably 98 or less.

[0343] In this specification, a laminate of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member may be referred to as a “laminated laminated glass member.” The laminated laminated glass member has a laminated structure of the first laminated glass member / the second laminated glass member.

[0344] The L of the laminated glass member ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ is preferably −10 or more, more preferably −8 or more, even more preferably −7 or more, particularly preferably −6 or more, and is preferably −2 or less, more preferably −3 or less, even more preferably −4 or less. ＊ When the value is equal to or larger than the above lower limit and equal to or smaller than the above upper limit, the heat insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0345] The L of the laminated glass member＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, even more preferably 0.7 or more, and is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less, even more preferably 3 or less, particularly preferably 2 or less. ＊ When the value is equal to or larger than the above lower limit and equal to or smaller than the above upper limit, the heat insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0346] The L of the laminated glass member ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ is preferably 84 or more, more preferably 86 or more, even more preferably 87 or more, and is preferably 92 or less, more preferably 90 or less, even more preferably 89 or less. ＊ When the value is equal to or larger than the above lower limit and equal to or smaller than the above upper limit, the heat insulation property of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0347] The L of the above interlayer film ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, even more preferably 3 or more, particularly preferably 3.5 or more, and is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 8 or less, even more preferably 7.5 or less. ＊ When is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, when colored glass is used, the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or nearly achromatic.

[0348] The L of the above interlayer film ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is preferably −10 or more, more preferably −8 or more, even more preferably −5 or more, even more preferably −3 or more, even more preferably −1 or more, particularly preferably 0 or more, most preferably 1 or more, and is preferably 5 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less. ＊When is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, when colored glass is used, the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or nearly achromatic.

[0349] The L of the above interlayer film ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ is preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, still more preferably 40 or more, still more preferably 60 or more, particularly preferably 70 or more, and particularly preferably 80 or more. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ It is preferable that the L of the interlayer film is more than 80. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ is preferably 88 or more, more preferably 90 or more, even more preferably 91 or more, and is preferably 98 or less, more preferably 95 or less, even more preferably 94 or less. ＊ When is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, when colored glass is used, the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or nearly achromatic.

[0350] From the viewpoint of combining the laminated glass member and the interlayer film in a complementary color relationship and making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, the L of the above-mentioned laminated glass member is ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ and the L of the intermediate film ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ It is preferable that the product of is a negative value.

[0351] The L of the laminated glass member ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ and the L of the intermediate film ＊ a ＊ b＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ The sum of the above is preferably 4 or less, more preferably 3 or less, and even more preferably 2 or less. The closer to 0 the sum is, the better. When the above sum is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the laminated glass member and the interlayer film are combined in a complementary color relationship, and the color of the laminated glass can be achromatic or nearly achromatic. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ and the L of the intermediate film ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ The sum of may be 0 or more, may be −2 or more, may be −3 or more, or may be −4 or more.

[0352] The L of the laminated glass member ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ and the L of the intermediate film ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ The absolute value of the difference between the above values ​​is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 3 or more, and is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 13 or less. When the absolute value of the difference is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or nearly achromatic.

[0353] From the viewpoint of making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, the L of the laminated glass member ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ is a negative value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ From the viewpoint of making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, it is preferable that the L of the first laminated glass member is a positive value. ＊ a ＊ b ＊Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ is a negative value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ From the viewpoint of making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, it is preferable that the L of the first laminated glass member is a positive value. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ is a negative value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ is a negative value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ is preferably a positive value.

[0354] From the viewpoint of making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, the L of the laminated glass member ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is a positive value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ From the viewpoint of making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, it is preferable that the L of the first laminated glass member is 5 or less. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is a positive value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ From the viewpoint of making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, it is preferable that the L of the first laminated glass member is 5 or less. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is a positive value, and the L of the second laminated glass member＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is a positive value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is preferably 5 or less.

[0355] From the viewpoint of making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, the L of the laminated glass member ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is a positive value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ From the viewpoint of making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, it is preferable that the L of the first laminated glass member is a negative value. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is a positive value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ From the viewpoint of making the color of the laminated glass achromatic or nearly achromatic, it is preferable that the L of the first laminated glass member is a negative value. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is a positive value, and the L of the second laminated glass member ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is a positive value, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is preferably a negative value.

[0356] The above laminated glass L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊is preferably −5 or more, more preferably −4.5 or more, more preferably −4 or more, even more preferably −3.5 or more, even more preferably −3 or more, even more preferably −2.5 or more, particularly preferably −2 or more, especially more preferably −1.5 or more, and most preferably −1 or more, and is preferably 5 or less, more preferably 4.5 or less, more preferably 4 or less, even more preferably 3.5 or less, even more preferably 3 or less, even more preferably 2.5 or less, especially preferably 2 or less, especially more preferably 1.5 or less, and most preferably 1 or less. ＊ When is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or nearly achromatic.

[0357] The above laminated glass L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate b in the color system ＊ is preferably −5 or more, more preferably −4.5 or more, more preferably −4 or more, even more preferably −2 or more, still more preferably 0 or more, even more preferably 1 or more, particularly preferably 1.5 or more, preferably 5 or less, more preferably 4.5 or less, more preferably 4 or less, even more preferably 3.5 or less, and particularly preferably 3 or less. ＊ When is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or nearly achromatic.

[0358] The above laminated glass L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ is preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, still more preferably 40 or more, still more preferably 60 or more, particularly preferably 70 or more, and particularly preferably 80 or more. ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ is preferably more than 80, and the L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊is preferably 84 or more, more preferably 86 or more, even more preferably 87 or more, and is preferably 98 or less, more preferably 95 or less, even more preferably 92 or less, particularly preferably 90 or less. ＊ When is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or nearly achromatic.

[0359] The laminated glass, the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, the laminated laminated glass member, and the interlayer film ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ , color coordinate b ＊ and color coordinate L ＊ is measured in accordance with JIS Z8781. The color coordinate a of the laminated glass, the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, the laminated laminated glass member, and the interlayer film ＊ , color coordinate b ＊ and color coordinate L ＊ means a value measured at a central position between one end and the other end of each measurement object. The one end and the other end are opposite ends of the measurement object.

[0360] The above laminated glass L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ , color coordinate b ＊ and color coordinate L ＊ is measured by the above-mentioned method using the laminated glass itself.

[0361] The L of the first laminated glass member and the L of the second laminated glass member ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ , color coordinate b ＊ and color coordinate L ＊ is measured by the above-mentioned method using the first laminated glass member itself or the second laminated glass member itself.

[0362] The L of the laminated glass member ＊ a＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ , color coordinate b ＊ and color coordinate L ＊ is measured by the above-mentioned method using a laminated glass element in a state in which two laminated glass elements, that is, a first laminated glass element and a second laminated glass element, are superimposed on each other.

[0363] The L of the above interlayer film ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ , color coordinate b ＊ and color coordinate L ＊ is measured as follows when using an interlayer film before it is made into laminated glass. The interlayer film is sandwiched between two polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets to obtain a first laminate. The obtained first laminate is sandwiched between two sheets of glass and secured with heat-resistant tape to obtain a second laminate. The obtained second laminate is pre-pressed and autoclaved. The two sheets of glass and the two PET sheets are then peeled off to obtain an interlayer film. This makes it possible to convert the uneven surface (embossed surface) of the interlayer film into a smooth surface. The obtained interlayer film itself is used to measure by the above-mentioned method. Note that "Polyester Film Lumirror #100-T60" manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. is preferably used as the PET sheet.

[0364] The L of the above interlayer film ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate a in the color system ＊ , color coordinate b ＊ and color coordinate L ＊ When an interlayer film is used after being made into laminated glass, the thickness is measured as follows: The laminated glass component is peeled off from the laminated glass to obtain an interlayer film. The obtained interlayer film itself is used to measure the thickness by the above-mentioned method.

[0365] The method for producing the laminated glass is not particularly limited. First, an interlayer film is sandwiched between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member to obtain a laminate. Next, the air remaining between the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, and the interlayer film is removed, for example, by passing the obtained laminate through a pressure roll or placing it in a rubber bag and suctioning it under reduced pressure. Thereafter, a pre-bonded laminate is obtained by pre-bonding at approximately 70°C to 110°C. Next, the pre-bonded laminate is placed in an autoclave or pressed at approximately 120°C to 150°C and a pressure of 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa. In this manner, a laminated glass can be obtained.

[0366] The interlayer film and the laminated glass can be used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, etc. The interlayer film and the laminated glass can also be used for applications other than these. The interlayer film and the laminated glass are preferably interlayer films and laminated glass for vehicles or buildings, and more preferably interlayer films and laminated glass for vehicles. The interlayer film and the laminated glass can be used for automobile windshields, side windows, rear windows, roof glass, backlight glass, etc. The interlayer film and the laminated glass are preferably used in automobiles. The interlayer film is preferably used to obtain laminated glass for automobiles.

[0367] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0368] The polyvinyl acetal resin used was acetalized using n-butylaldehyde having a carbon number of 4. The degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization), degree of acetylation, and hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin were measured by a method conforming to JIS K6728 "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral." Note that when measured by ASTM D1396-92, the values ​​shown were similar to those obtained by the method conforming to JIS K6728 "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral."

[0369] The following materials were prepared:

[0370] (Thermoplastic resins) Polyvinyl acetal resin (1): Polyvinyl butyral resin, average degree of polymerization 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, acetylation degree 1 mol%, acetalization degree (butyralization degree) 69 mol% Polyvinyl acetal resin (2): Polyvinyl butyral resin, average degree of polymerization 3000, hydroxyl group content 22 mol%, acetylation degree 13 mol%, acetalization degree (butyralization degree) 65 mol%

[0371] (Plasticizer) 3GO: Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate

[0372] (Colorants) PB15-1: Pigment Blue 15-1 (copper phthalocyanine pigment) PR202: Pigment Red 202 (quinacridone pigment) Pblack-7: Pigment Black 7 (carbon black) PR149: Pigment Red 149 (perylene pigment) ITO: Tin-doped indium oxide particles (heat-shielding material) CWO: Cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (heat-shielding material)

[0373] (Ultraviolet absorber) Tinuvin 326: 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole ("Tinuvin 326" manufactured by BASF)

[0374] (Antioxidant) BHT: 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol

[0375] In the following examples and comparative examples, interlayer films were produced by feeding the materials for each layer into a co-extruder and kneading them in the amounts shown in Table 4 below. Among the materials listed in Tables 4 and 5, the types of materials used in each example and comparative example are shown in Tables 6 to 35 (specifically, Tables 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34). In Tables 4 and 5, the content of the plasticizer (3GO) is the content relative to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal resin, and the content of components other than the plasticizer is the content relative to 100 parts by weight of the material.

[0376]

[0377]

[0378] Example 1 Preparation of Interlayer Film: The materials for forming the first layer shown in the table below and the materials for forming the second and third layers shown in the table below were co-extruded using a co-extruder. The pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. In this way, an interlayer film having a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (an interlayer film having the shape shown in Figure 1) was obtained.

[0379] Preparation of laminated glass: The obtained interlayer film was sandwiched between two 2 mm thick clear glass sheets (300 mm long x 300 mm wide) conforming to JIS R3202:1996 to obtain a laminate. The obtained laminate was placed in a rubber bag and degassed at a vacuum of 2.6 kPa for 20 minutes, then transferred to an oven in the degassed state and held at 90°C for 30 minutes for vacuum pressing to pre-bond the laminate. The pre-bonded laminate was then pressed in an autoclave at 135°C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain a laminated glass. The obtained laminated glass corresponds to the laminated glass A described above.

[0380] Example 2 An interlayer film having a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 2 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion rate ratio of the resins for each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution for each layer was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0381] Example 3 Preparation of Interlayer Film: The materials for forming the first layer shown in the table below and the materials for forming the second layer shown in the table below were co-extruded using a co-extruder. The pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. In this way, an interlayer film having a two-layer structure (second layer / first layer) (an interlayer film having the shape shown in Figure 3) was obtained.

[0382] Fabrication of Laminated Glass: Laminated glass was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.

[0383] Example 4 An interlayer film having a two-layer structure (second layer / first layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 4 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion rate ratio of the resins for each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution for each layer was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0384] Example 5 An interlayer film having a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 5 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion rate ratio of the resins for each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution for each layer was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0385] Example 6 An interlayer film having a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 6 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion rate ratio of the resins for each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution for each layer was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0386] Example 7 Preparation of Interlayer Film: The materials listed in the table below were used to form the first to fourth layers. These materials were co-extruded using a co-extruder. The pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. In this way, an interlayer film having a four-layer structure (second layer / fourth layer / first layer / third layer) (an interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 7) was obtained.

[0387] Fabrication of Laminated Glass: Laminated glass was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.

[0388] Examples 8 to 10 An interlayer film having a four-layer structure (second layer / fourth layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 7 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion rate ratio of the resins for each layer was changed, and the pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0389] Example 11 An interlayer film having a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 8 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion rate ratio of the resins for each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution for each layer was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0390] Example 12 An interlayer film having a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 8 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0391] Examples 13 to 15 An interlayer film having a four-layer structure (second layer / fourth layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 9 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion rate ratio of the resins for each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution for each layer was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0392] (Example 16) Preparation of interlayer film: The materials for forming the first to fifth layers shown in the table below were used. The fifth layer was a shade layer. These materials were co-extruded using a co-extruder. The pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. In this way, an interlayer film having a shade region (an interlayer film having the shape shown in Figure 10) was obtained.

[0393] Fabrication of Laminated Glass: Laminated glass was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.

[0394] (Examples 17, 27, and 28) Preparation of interlayer film: The materials for forming the first to fifth layers shown in the table below were used. These materials were co-extruded using a co-extruder. The pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. In this way, an interlayer film having a five-layer structure (second layer / fourth layer / first layer / fifth layer / third layer) (an interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 11) was obtained.

[0395] Examples 18 to 26 Interlayer films having a two-layer structure (second layer / first layer) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion rate ratio of the resins for each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution for each layer was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer films in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0396] (Comparative Example 1) The material shown in the table below was used to form the first layer. This material was extruded using an extruder. In this manner, a single-layer interlayer film (an interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 16 ) was obtained. Furthermore, using the obtained interlayer film, laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0397] (Evaluation) (1) Measurement of Interlayer Thickness The thickness of the interlayer was measured using a contact type thickness measuring instrument ("TOF-4R" manufactured by Yamabun Denki Co., Ltd.) by the method described above.

[0398] (2) Measurement of the wedge angle (θ) and partial wedge angle of the interlayer film From the obtained thickness profile of the interlayer film, the wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film and the partial wedge angle at a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting one end of the interlayer film to the other end were calculated using the method described above.

[0399] (3) Glass Transition Point of Each Layer of the Interlayer Film The glass transition point of each layer of the interlayer film was measured by the method described above.

[0400] (4) Measurement of Visible Light Transmittance Using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, "U-4150"), the visible light transmittance of the obtained laminated glass (laminated glass A) in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm was measured according to the method described above. From the obtained visible light transmittance, it was confirmed by the method described above whether the relational expression (1-1) or (1-2) was satisfied. The visible light transmittance was measured at the maximum thickness position (X1) and the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the interlayer film toward the other end.

[0401] (5) Haze of Laminated Glass The obtained laminated glass (laminated glass A) was irradiated with a strong light source in a darkroom. Twenty inspectors evaluated the degree of fogging of the laminated glass at the maximum interlayer film thickness position (X1) within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, and the degree of fogging of the laminated glass at the minimum interlayer film thickness position (X2) within the same region. Specifically, the haze of the laminated glass was evaluated based on the number of inspectors who judged that the laminated glass appeared less fogging at the maximum interlayer film thickness position (X1) compared to the minimum interlayer film thickness position (X2).

[0402] [Evaluation criteria for haze of laminated glass] A: 15 or more out of 20 inspectors judged that it was hazy and they could not see. B: 10 to 14 out of 20 inspectors judged that it was hazy and they could not see. C: 1 to 9 out of 20 inspectors judged that it was hazy and they could not see. D: 20 out of 20 inspectors judged that it was hazy.

[0403] (6) Color Unevenness of Laminated Glass Z was calculated from the visible light transmittance (Tv1) of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film and the visible light transmittance (Tv2) of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film using the following formula: In Example 16, Tv1 was the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the maximum thickness position (XQ1) of the interlayer film, and Tv2 was the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the minimum thickness position (XQ2) of the interlayer film.

[0404] Z=(1-Tv1 / Tv2)×100

[0405] The color unevenness of the laminated glass was evaluated according to the following criteria.

[0406] [Evaluation criteria for color unevenness in laminated glass] A: Absolute value of Z is less than 4 B: Absolute value of Z is 4 or more and less than 8 C: Absolute value of Z is 8 or more and less than 10 D: Absolute value of Z is 10 or more

[0407] (7) Double Image The double image of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) was evaluated using a HUD evaluation device that displays a virtual image 3 m away from the observer's eyes through the laminated glass. Specifically, the double image was evaluated according to the following criteria by comparing the appearance of the double image between the laminated glass and the comparative laminated glass. The wedge angle of the interlayer film in the comparative laminated glass was adjusted to the same angle as the wedge angle of the interlayer film in the laminated glass. The interlayer film in the comparative laminated glass did not contain a colorant, and the Tv of the comparative laminated glass was adjusted to the same value calculated by formula (1-1B) for the laminated glass being evaluated. The double image was evaluated based on the number of 20 inspectors who judged that the resulting laminated glass (laminated glass A) had improved double image quality compared to the comparative laminated glass.

[0408] [Double image evaluation criteria] A: 15 or more out of 20 inspectors judged that the double image was reduced more than that of the comparative laminated glass. B: 10 to 14 out of 20 inspectors judged that the double image was reduced more than that of the comparative laminated glass. C: 1 to 9 out of 20 inspectors judged that the double image was reduced more than that of the comparative laminated glass.

[0409] The configurations and results of the interlayer film are shown in the following Tables 6 to 35. The thickness profiles and visible light transmittance profiles of Examples 18 to 21 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Tables 36 and 37, and the relationship between the coordinates and the visible light transmittance is shown in Figure 18.

[0410]

[0411]

[0412]

[0413]

[0414]

[0415]

[0416]

[0417]

[0418]

[0419]

[0420]

[0421]

[0422]

[0423]

[0424]

[0425]

[0426]

[0427]

[0428]

[0429]

[0430]

[0431]

[0432]

[0433]

[0434]

[0435]

[0436]

[0437]

[0438]

[0439]

[0440]

[0441]

[0442] 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 1I, 1J, 1K, 1L, 1M, 1N...1st layer 2, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 2G, 2H, 2I, 2J, 2K, 2L, 2M, 2N...2nd layer 3, 3A, 3D, 3E, 3F, 3G, 3H, 3I, 3J...3rd layer 4F, 4H, 4I, 4J...4th layer 5I, 5J...5th layer 11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E, 11F, 11G, 11H, 11I, 11J, 11K, 11L, 11M, 11N...intermediate film 11a...one end 11b...other end

Claims

1. An interlayer for laminated glass having one end and the other end, Let X be the distance between the one end and the other end of the interlayer. Let T1 mm be the thickness of the interlayer at any position (1) of the interlayer within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end. Let T2 mm be the thickness of the interlayer at position (2) in the region from one end to the other end, where the thickness of the interlayer is 25 μm or more less than the thickness of the interlayer at position (1). In a laminated glass A obtained by sandwiching an interlayer between two clear glass sheets, when the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (1) is Tv1% and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (2) is Tv2%, The interlayer is an interlayer for laminated glass having a portion that satisfies the following formula (1-1). [Math 1] In equation (1-1) above, ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​expressed by the following equations (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively. [Math 2]

2. The position (1) is the position (X1) with the maximum thickness of the interlayer film in a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position (2) is the position (X2) of the minimum thickness of the interlayer in a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end.

3. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the interlayer has a portion in which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is less than or equal to the value calculated from formula (1-1B).

4. The interlayer is a colorant, as described in claim 1, for laminated glass.

5. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the colored area accounts for 70% or more of the total surface area of ​​the interlayer.

6. At position (1), the colored region exists, The interfilm for laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein the colored region is present at the position (2).

7. The interlayer comprises a colored layer containing a coloring agent, The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the minimum thickness of the colored layer is 30 μm or more.

8. The interlayer comprises a colored layer containing a coloring agent, The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the colored layer is present at the position (1).

9. The interlayer comprises a colored layer containing a coloring agent, The interfilm for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the content of the coloring agent in 100% by weight of the colored layer is 0.00001% by weight or more and 7% by weight or less.

10. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, comprising two or more colored layers containing a coloring agent.

11. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, when the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer is t, a coloring agent is present in a region from 0t to 0.2t toward the second outer surface.

12. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, when the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer is t, a coloring agent is present in a region from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface between 0.2t and 0.4t.

13. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, when the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer is t, a coloring agent is present in a region from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface between 0.4t and 0.5t.

14. An interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, satisfying the following formula (2). [Math 3] In equation (2) above, ΔTv and f(T) are the values ​​expressed by equations (1-1A) and (1-1B) above, respectively, and K is 0.

95.

15. An interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, satisfying the following formula (3). [Math 4] In equation (3), ΔTv and f(T) are the values ​​expressed by equations (1-1A) and (1-1B), respectively.

16. An interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, satisfying the following formula (4). [Math 5] In equation (4) above, ΔTv and f(T) are the values ​​expressed by equations (1-1A) and (1-1B) above, respectively, and K is 0.

95.

17. An interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein in formula (1-1), ΔTv < 0 is satisfied, or in formula (1-1), ΔTv > 0 is satisfied.

18. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the interlayer comprises a layer having a glass transition temperature of 15°C or higher.

19. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the interlayer has a region in which the partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more.

20. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the wedge angle of the entire interlayer is 0.05 mrad or more.

21. The interlayer has a region where the partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the wedge angle of the entire interlayer is less than 0.05 mrad.

22. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position showing the maximum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is different from position (1) and also different from position (2).

23. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position that shows the maximum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is position (1) or position (2).

24. The interfilm for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position showing the minimum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is different from position (1) and also different from position (2).

25. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position that shows the minimum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is position (1) or position (2).

26. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the interlayer has a region in which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is 85% or less.

27. The interlayer comprises a layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The interlayer has an uneven surface created by an embossing roll method or a melt fracture method, and the ten-point average roughness of the uneven surface is 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the interlayer is 1.46 or higher.

28. The interlayer for laminated glass according to Claim 1, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the interlayer is 25 μm or more and 1500 μm or less.

29. A first layer, a second layer disposed on the first surface side of the first layer, and a third layer disposed on the second surface side of the first layer opposite to the first surface, The first layer comprises polyvinyl acetal resin, The second layer comprises polyvinyl acetal resin, The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the third layer comprises a polyvinyl acetal resin.

30. An interlayer for laminated glass having one end and the other end, The interlayer comprises a colored layer containing a coloring agent, In laminated glass A obtained by sandwiching an interlayer between two clear glass sheets, the interlayer has a shade region corresponding to the region where the visible light transmittance of laminated glass A is less than 60%, and a second region corresponding to the region where the visible light transmittance of laminated glass A is 60% or more. The second region comprises a region P that extends 200 mm toward the second region from the boundary between the second region and the shade region, and a region Q that is the region other than region P. Of the total surface area of ​​region Q of the interlayer, the surface area of ​​the portion where the colored layer is present is 80% or more. Let T1 mm be the thickness of the interlayer at any position (Q1) in the region Q, which is located within the range of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end. Let T2 mm be the thickness of the interlayer at a position (Q2) in region Q, which is located within the region 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end, where the thickness of the interlayer at position (Q1) is 25 μm or more smaller than the thickness of the interlayer at position (Q2). When the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (Q1) is Tv1%, and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (Q2) is Tv2%, The interlayer is an interlayer for laminated glass having a portion that satisfies the following formula (1-2). [Math 6] In equation (1-2) above, ΔTv and f(T) are values ​​expressed by the following equations (1-2A) and (1-2B), respectively. [Number 7]

31. The position (Q1) is the position (XQ1) of the maximum thickness of the interlayer in region Q, which is located within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 30, wherein the position (Q2) is the position (XQ2) of the minimum thickness of the interlayer in the region Q, which is located within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end.

32. The first laminated glass member, A second laminated glass component, The interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 31, A laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

33. The thickness of the first laminated glass member is uniform. The laminated glass according to claim 32, wherein the thickness of the second laminated glass member is uniform.

34. A step of obtaining an interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 31 by extrusion molding, A method for manufacturing laminated glass, comprising the steps of: arranging the interlayer for laminated glass between a first laminated glass member and a second laminated glass member to obtain laminated glass.

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