Method for modeling non-cutover of cutover target and selected design of cutover target using the method thereof

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for modeling non-logging areas of a logging site, which allows for efficient modeling of non-logging areas relative to logging areas within the logging site, thereby minimizing damage to the diversity of inhabiting animals and enhancing connectivity between habitats, and to a design for a logging site selected by this method. To this end, the embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: acquiring a plurality of designs in which the area of ​​a logging site and the area of ​​a non-logging site are drawn within the logging site; calculating the size (M) of each effective non-logging area for the plurality of designs using the following mathematical formula; and selecting the design having the largest value among the calculated effective non-logging area sizes as the design for the logging site; wherein the mathematical formula is (At: total area of ​​the site, i~n: each logging area, Ai: area of ​​each logging area). A method for modeling non-logging areas of a logging site and a design for a logging site selected by this method are provided.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for modeling non-logging areas of a logging site, which can efficiently model non-logging areas relative to logging areas, thereby minimizing damage to the diversity of inhabiting animals and enhancing connectivity between habitats, and to a design of a logging site selected by this method. Background Technology

[0003] As forests cover 63% of Korea's land area, forest management plays a significant role in land use. Since 1987, while the domestic forest area has been gradually decreasing, timber stock has been steadily increasing. This accumulated timber serves as a forest resource and is utilized in various fields, including the economy, society, and ecology. Currently, Korea is implementing carbon neutrality and forest management policies to carry out appropriate forest management activities tailored to the needs of each policy, thereby working to utilize or maintain forest resources.

[0004] In Korea's forest areas, various management activities are being carried out for the purpose of forest management, such as forest road construction, the establishment of recreational forests, and the control of forest pests and diseases. Among these, forest thinning and afforestation are actively conducted not only in state and public forests but also in private forests to renew tree species for forest management and secure timber. Since the perceived importance of forest management may vary depending on the owner of the forest targeted for these activities, it is necessary to consider the scope of the forest and manage the progress of the work when performing forest thinning and afforestation to recreate the existing forest environment.

[0005] Forest tending operations are carried out to promote the healthy growth of natural forests or artificial plantations to enhance the economic value of forests and prevent forest disasters, while afforestation operations are conducted for purposes such as establishing economic forests to continuously produce trees useful for timber, improving the landscape, or reforesting forests damaged by forest fires and pests to restore them and prevent future disasters. Both natural forests, which select and cultivate future trees from existing timber for long-term economic use, and artificial forests, which establish economic forests by planting species such as pine, cypress, Korean pine, larch, and oak, maintain trees with good growth through thinning. During this process, forest management byproducts such as downed trees and slash may be generated depending on the type of forest management operation.

[0006] Forest management operations affect the habitats of many wild animals that rely on forests as their primary habitat. Forest management activities, such as thinning and afforestation, alter vegetation distribution, causing changes in habitat structure and ultimately transforming the habitats of forest animals, resulting in a fauna different from that of the forest prior to the management. Changes in the structure of the forest environment can be exemplified by changes in horizontal and vertical structures. Taking changes in vertical structure as an example, thinning involves pruning diseased or slow-growing trees in the surrounding area to encourage the selected tree species to grow thick and straight. If the vegetation thinned during this process is classified by height into a herbaceous layer (0–1m), a shrub layer (1–2m), a sub-tree layer (2–8m), and a tree layer (above 8m), the vertical structure is effectively altered because the cover density according to height changes before and after thinning. Taking horizontal structural changes as an example, reforestation operations can cause the loss of primary habitats for forest-utilizing animal species by carrying out logging before planting saplings. In this process, the animals' primary habitats become fragmented into multiple patches based on the area of ​​the formed logging sites and the distance between them; this is equivalent to a change in the horizontal structure of the forest.

[0007] Changes in forest fauna, including large, medium, and small mammals, resulting from structural changes in forests, vary depending on spatial characteristics such as habitat size or on the preferred food sources and habitats of each species. In the case of large, medium mammals, mammal abundance in afforestation areas is lower than in surrounding unafforestationed forest areas, although this varies depending on the specific species. Most carnivorous mammal species primarily appear in unfragmented forest habitats, whereas the presence of certain ungulates increases in fragmented habitats to avoid food depletion by these carnivores. Meanwhile, even when forests are fragmented, carnivorous mammals maintain their populations by utilizing roads—one of the anthropogenic factors that disturb habitats—as migration routes.

[0008] In the case of birds, thinning removes large trees and the canopy, leading to a decrease in the populations of species belonging to passive nesting guilds that utilize the passive branches of large trees as nesting resources, and canopy foraging guilds that obtain food resources from the upper layers of vegetation. The smaller the fragmented habitat is and the more easily predators invade from the edges, the higher the frequency of predation. In addition to the size of the fragmented habitat, the frequency of bird appearances also varies depending on the distance between habitats and the degree of connectivity.

[0009] In the case of small mammals, the white-thighed red mouse, which prefers habitats with well-developed canopies and sub-canopies, experiences reduced body weight or a smaller range of activity as the number of large trees with a breast height diameter of 30 cm or more decreases within the forest due to increased deforestation. Conversely, if the coverage rate of understory vegetation, such as herbaceous plants, increases through appropriate thinning, the population of the striped field mouse, which prefers forest edges and habitat margins, increases; furthermore, the population of the white-thighed red mouse may actually increase due to the generation of tree remnants such as dead trees and slashes. The density of small mammal communities also varies depending on the size of habitats fragmented by logging.

[0010] Recently, eco-friendly logging methods have been introduced into forest tending and reforestation operations as a way to minimize changes in forest fauna caused by changes in the forest environmental structure. When logging—that is, cutting down trees—occurs in forests, the size and shape of the logging site change. Among these factors, the most significant factor affecting the diversity of medium to large mammals inhabiting the mountains is determining the degree of connectivity between the logged area and the unlogged area, which acts as a very important factor.

[0011] Therefore, it is crucial to efficiently design the area of ​​non-logged land relative to the same total area to enhance connectivity between the logged and unlogged areas within the logging site; consequently, an efficient modeling method for non-logged land is required prior to logging in the logging site. Prior art literature

[0013] Republic of Korea Published Patent Application No. 10-2023-0037945 (March 17, 2023) The problem to be solved

[0014] The embodiment of the present invention is intended to provide a method for modeling a non-logging area of ​​a logging site that can efficiently model the non-logging area relative to the logging area of ​​the logging site, thereby minimizing damage to the diversity of inhabiting animals, and a design for a logging site selected by this method.

[0015] Furthermore, the embodiment of the present invention is intended to provide a method for modeling non-logging areas of a logging site that enables intensive modeling of non-habitats relative to the same area, thereby enhancing connectivity between habitats, and a design for a logging site selected by this method. means of solving the problem

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises: a step of acquiring a plurality of designs in which a logging area and a non-logging area are designed on a logging target site; a step of calculating the size (M) of each effective non-logging area for the plurality of designs using the following mathematical formula; and a step of selecting the design having the largest value among the calculated effective non-logging area sizes as the design for the logging target site; wherein the mathematical formula is (A t :Total area of ​​the site, i~n:Each logging site, A i A method for modeling non-logging areas of a logging site is provided, characterized by each logging site area.

[0018] Here, the above-mentioned non-logging area is preferably designed as a square or rectangular area within a minimum of 20 meters (m) to a maximum of 40 meters (m).

[0019] At this time, the above-mentioned logging area may be designed as a square or rectangular area that includes the above-mentioned non-logging area as a minimum unit.

[0021] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a design of a logging site selected by the non-logging site modeling method is provided.

[0022] At this time, it is preferable that the above-mentioned non-logging area be designed as a square or rectangular area within a minimum of 20 meters (m) to a maximum of 40 meters (m).

[0023] In addition, the above-mentioned logging area may be designed as a square or rectangular area that includes the above-mentioned non-logging area as a minimum unit. Effects of the invention

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, non-logging areas can be efficiently modeled relative to logging areas in logging target areas, thereby providing the advantage of minimizing damage to the diversity of inhabiting animals.

[0026] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, intensive modeling of non-habitat areas relative to the same area is possible, which has the advantage of increasing connectivity between habitats. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0028] FIG. 1 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method for modeling a non-logging area of ​​a logging site according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing a logging site to which the non-logging site modeling method of FIG. 1 is to be applied. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing multiple designs of a logging area and a non-logging area drawn on the logging site of FIG. 2. Figure 4 is a graph showing the coefficient values ​​indicating the effect of the size (M) of the effective non-logging area on forest mammal diversity in a logging target area to which the non-logging area modeling method of the present embodiment is applied. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0029] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following detailed description is provided to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the methods, apparatuses, and / or systems described herein. However, this is merely illustrative and the disclosed embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0030] In describing the embodiments, detailed descriptions of related prior art are omitted if it is determined that such detailed descriptions could unnecessarily obscure the essence of the disclosed embodiments. Furthermore, terms described below are defined in consideration of their functions in the disclosed embodiments, and these may vary depending on the intent or practice of the user or operator. Therefore, such definitions should be based on the content throughout this specification. Terms used in the detailed description are intended merely to describe the embodiments and should not be limiting. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, expressions in the singular form include the meaning of the plural form. In this description, expressions such as "include" or "comprise" are intended to refer to certain characteristics, numbers, steps, actions, elements, parts thereof, or combinations thereof, and should not be interpreted to exclude the existence or possibility of one or more other characteristics, numbers, steps, actions, elements, parts thereof, or combinations thereof other than those described.

[0032] FIG. 1 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method for modeling a non-logging area of ​​a logging site according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically illustrating a logging site to which the non-logging area modeling method of FIG. 1 is to be applied, and FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically illustrating a plurality of designs in which the logging area and the non-logging area are designed on the logging site of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the coefficient value of the size (M) of the effective non-logging area affecting forest mammal diversity in a logging site to which the non-logging area modeling method of the present embodiment is applied.

[0033] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, a method for modeling a non-logging area of ​​a logging site according to one embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: acquiring a plurality of designs (Fig. 3 (a) and (b)) that design a logging area and a non-logging area on a logging site (100); calculating the size (M) of each effective non-logging area for the plurality of designs using the following mathematical formula (S20); selecting the design having the largest value among the calculated effective non-logging area sizes (M) as the design of the logging site (100) (S30); and performing logging of the logging site (100) with the selected design (S40).

[0034]

[0035] Here, A t represents the entire target area, that is, the total area of ​​the above-mentioned logging target area (100), and i~n represent each logging area, and A i represents the area of ​​each logging site.

[0036] At this time, in the present embodiment, the non-logging area designed in the plurality of designs is disclosed to be designed as a square or rectangular area (shape) including a side of 40 meters (m), but is not limited thereto, and may be designed or drawn as a square or rectangular area within a minimum of 20 meters (m) to a maximum of 50 meters (m).

[0037] Accordingly, in this embodiment, the logging area designed in the plurality of designs may be drawn or designed as a square or rectangular area containing the beaver logging area as a minimum unit.

[0038] For example, in this embodiment, a logging site (100) with a total area of ​​6400㎡ and a length and width of 80m as shown in FIG. 2 will be described by acquiring a plurality of designs in which the total area of ​​the logging site is 5600㎡ and the total area of ​​the non-logging site is 800㎡ as shown in FIG. 3 (a) and (b).

[0039] At this time, FIG. 3(a) is a design that divides the logging site (100) into four parts and arranges non-logging areas with mutually diagonal areas of 400㎡ each in the upper left area having an area of ​​1600㎡, and FIG. 3(b) is a design that divides the logging site (100) into four parts and arranges non-logging areas with an area of ​​800㎡ on the upper side of the upper left area having an area of ​​1600㎡.

[0040] Thus, the effective non-logging area size (M) according to the mathematical formula 1 described above for the design of Fig. 3 (a) is calculated as follows.

[0041]

[0042] In addition, the effective non-logging area size (M) according to the mathematical formula 1 described above for the design of Fig. 3 (b) is calculated as follows.

[0043]

[0044] As such, the effective non-logging area of ​​the design in Fig. 3 (b) is 2100, which is a larger value compared to the effective non-logging area of ​​the design in Fig. 3 (a), which is 2050.

[0045] Therefore, among the multiple designs of FIG. 3 of this embodiment, the design of (b) can be selected as the design of the logging target site (100).

[0046] Afterwards, logging of the logging site (100) can be performed using the design of Fig. 3 (b) selected above.

[0047] When examining the meaning of connectivity of the effective non-logging area size through the non-logging area modeling method of this embodiment, logging areas represent non-habitats of animals and non-logging areas represent habitats of animals. In the case of FIG. 3 (a), the non-habitat (logging area) is positioned so as not to connect with the remaining habitats (non-logging areas), whereas in the case of FIG. 3 (b), the non-habitat (logging area) is concentrated in one place, so it can be confirmed that there is high connectivity between the habitats (non-logging areas).

[0048] In other words, by designing the layout of non-logging areas to ensure a large effective non-logging area relative to the same area, connectivity between habitats can be enhanced, thereby enabling efficient logging that minimizes damage to animal species diversity.

[0049] Meanwhile, Figure 4 is a graph showing the coefficient value of the size (M) of the effective non-logging area in a logging target area to which the non-logging area modeling method of the present embodiment is applied to the forest mammal diversity.

[0050] In other words, referring to Figure 4, the survey range based on the camera installation point shows the coefficient values ​​for the size of the effective non-logging area within the remaining forest belt width of 20m, 40m, and 50m, which affect forest mammal diversity. It can be seen that the larger the value, the stronger the influence the size of the effective non-logging area has on species diversity, and in particular, the size of the effective non-logging area within a radius of 40m shows the highest influence. Therefore, maintaining the minimum width of the remaining forest belt at 40m can be considered the most important buffer distance for maintaining the forest fauna within the logging site.

[0052] Although representative embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined by the claims set forth below as well as equivalents thereof. Explanation of the symbols

[0054] 100 : Logging site

Claims

Claim 1 The method comprises: a step of acquiring a plurality of designs for a logging site, in which the logging area and the non-logging area are designed; a step of calculating the size (M) of each effective non-logging area for the plurality of designs using the following mathematical formula; and a step of selecting the design having the largest value among the calculated effective non-logging area sizes as the design for the logging site; wherein the mathematical formula is (A t :Total area of ​​the site, i~n:Each logging site, A i A method for modeling non-logging areas of a logging site, characterized by each logging area being: Claim 2 A method for modeling a non-logging area of ​​a logging site according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-logging area is designed as a square or rectangular area within a minimum of 20 meters (m) to a maximum of 40 meters (m). Claim 3 A method for modeling a non-logging area of ​​a logging site according to claim 2, characterized in that the logging area is designed as a square or rectangular area including the non-logging area as a minimum unit. Claim 4 delete Claim 5 delete Claim 6 delete

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