POLYOL FORMULATED COMPOUNDS

Abstract

The embodiments of the present description relate to formulated polyol compositions that include a first polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g, a second polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 18.5 to 51 mg KOH / g, a third polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 20 to 70 mg KOH / g, and at least one of: a fourth polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g; and a methoxypolyethylene glycol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 56 to 190 mg KOH / g.

Description

FORMULATED POLYOL COMPOSITIONS FIELD OF INVENTION The embodiments of the present description relate to formulated polyol compositions, more specifically, the embodiments relate to formulated polyol compositions that include a first polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g, a second polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 18.5 to 51 mg KOH / g, a third polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 20 to 70 mg KOH / g, and at least one of: a fourth polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g; and a methoxypolyethylene glycol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 56 to 190 mg KOH / g. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Foams are dispersions in which a gas is dispersed in a liquid, solid, or gel material. Foams can be formed through a chemical reaction of polyols and isocyanates. Foams can be used for a variety of applications, including cushions, insulation, bedding, furniture, vehicle seats, and carpet backing, among others. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This description provides compositions Ref. 316720 / uu formulated polyols comprising a first polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g and an ethylene oxide content of 45 to 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the first polyether polyol, wherein the first polyether polyol is 20 to 55 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition; a second polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 18.5 to 51 mg KOH / g and an ethylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the second polyether polyol, wherein the second polyether polyol is 2 to 50 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition;and a third polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 20 to 70 mg KOH / g and a propylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the third polyether polyol, wherein the third polyether polyol is 5 to 45 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition; a surfactant, water, a catalyst selected from a blowing catalyst, a gel catalyst and combinations thereof; and at least one of: a fourth polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g and a propylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the fourth polyether polyol, wherein the fourth polyether polyol is 0.1 to 25 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition;and a methoxypolyethylene glycol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 56 to 190 mg KOH / g, wherein the methoxypolyethylene glycol is 0.1 to 15 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. This description provides a foam formulation that includes the formulated composition of polyol and an isocyanate. This description provides foam products formed by curing foam formulations. The preceding summary of this description is not intended to describe every modality included or every implementation of this description. The description that follows provides more specific examples of illustrative modalities. Guidance is provided in several places throughout the application by way of lists of examples, and the examples can be used in various combinations. In each instance, the cited list serves only as a representative group and should not be interpreted as an exhaustive list. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This document describes formulated polyol compositions comprising a first polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g and an ethylene oxide content of 45 to 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the first polyether polyol, wherein the first polyether polyol is 20 to 55 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition; and a second polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 18.5 to 51 mg KOH / g and an ethylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the second polyether polyol.wherein the second polyether polyol is from 2 to 50 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition; a third polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 20 to 70 mg KOH / g and a propylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the third polyether polyol, wherein the third polyether polyol is from 5 to 45 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition; and at least one of: a fourth polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g and a propylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the fourth polyether polyol,wherein the fourth polyether polyol is from 0.1 to 25 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition; and a methoxypolyethylene glycol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 56 to 190 mg KOH / g, wherein the methoxypolyethylene glycol is from 0.1 to 15 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. Advantageously, the formulated polyol compositions described herein can be used to form foams that have a combination of properties that are advantageous for various applications. For example, the formulated polyol compositions described herein can be used to form foam products that are advantageous for cushions, such as pillows, seats, mattresses, and the like. For example,The formulated polyol compositions described herein can form foam products that desirably form a skin, have particular foam core recovery times, particular airflow velocities, and particular compression settings at 90% compression. The formulated polyol compositions described herein include a polyether first polyol. The polyether first polyol has an ethylene oxide content of 45 to 70 percent by weight, depending on the total weight of the polyether first polyol. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals of 45 to 70 percent by weight are included; for example, the polyether first polyol may have an ethylene oxide content from a lower limit of 45, 50, or 55 percent by weight to an upper limit of 70, 68, or 65 percent. The polyether first polyol may include structural units derived from another alkylene oxide, for example, propylene oxide. The first polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl groups from 112 to 280 mg KOH / g. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 112 to 280 mg KOH / g are included; for example, the first polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl groups from a lower limit of 112, 125, or 135 mg KOH / g to an upper limit of 280, 240, or 220 mg KOH / g. The average number of hydroxyl groups, as KOH, may be determined in accordance with ASTM D4274. The first polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups from 2.6 to 3.4. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 2.6 to 3.4 are included; for example, the first polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups from a lower limit of 2.6, 2.7 or 2.8 to an upper limit of 3.4, 3.3 or 3.2. / uu The first polyether polyol can have a number-average molecular weight of 700 to 1300 g / mol. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 700 to 1300 g / mol are included; for example, the first polyether polyol can have a number-average molecular weight from a lower limit of 700, 800, or 850 g / mol to an upper limit of 1300, 1200, or 1150 g / mol. The first polyether polyol can be prepared using known equipment, reaction conditions, and reaction components. The first polyether polyol is commercially available. One example of a commercially available first polyether polyol is VORANOL™ WK 3140, available from Dow Chemical Company, among others. The first polyether polyol can be from 20 to 55 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 20 to 55 percent by weight are included; for example, the first polyether polyol can have a lower limit of 20, 22, or 25 percent by weight and an upper limit of 55, 53, or 52 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. The formulated polyol compositions described herein include a second polyether polyol. The second polyether polyol has an ethylene oxide content of at least 70% by weight of the second polyether polyol. For example, the second polyether polyol may have an ethylene oxide content of 70 to 98% by weight of the second polyether polyol. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 70 to 98% by weight are included; for example, the second polyether polyol may have an ethylene oxide content from a lower limit of 70, 72, or 75% by weight to an upper limit of 98, 95, 90, 88, or 85%. The second polyether polyol may include structural units derived from another alkylene oxide, for example, propylene oxide. The second polyether polyol can have an average number of hydroxyl groups from 18.5 to 51 mg KOH / g. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 18.5 to 51 mg KOH / g are included; for example, the second polyether polyol can have an average number of hydroxyl groups from a lower limit of 18.5, 22, or 25 mg KOH / g to an upper limit of 51, 48, or 45 mg KOH / g. The second polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups from 2.6 to 3.4. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 2.6 to 3.4 are included; for example, the second polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups from a lower limit of 2.6, 2.7 or 2.8 to an upper limit of 3.4, 3.3 or 3.2. The second polyether polyol can have a number-average molecular weight of 4000 to 5000 g / mol. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals of 4000 to 5000 g / mol are included; for example, the second polyether polyol can have a number-average molecular weight from a lower limit of 4000, 4100, or 4250 g / mol to an upper limit of 5000, 4900, or 4750 g / mol. The second polyether polyol can be prepared using known equipment, reaction conditions, and reaction components. The second polyether polyol is commercially available. One example of a commercially available second polyether polyol is VORANOL™ CP-1447, available from Dow Chemical Company, among others. The second polyether polyol can be from 2 to 50 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 2 to 50 percent by weight are included; for example, the second polyether polyol can have a lower limit from 2, 3, or 5 percent by weight to an upper limit of 50, 45, or 40 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. The formulated polyol compositions described herein include a third polyether polyol. The third polyether polyol has a propylene oxide content of at least 70% by weight of the total third polyether polyol. For example, the third polyether polyol may have a propylene oxide content of 70 to 98% by weight of the total third polyether polyol. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 70 to 98% by weight are included; for example, the third polyether polyol may have a propylene oxide content from a lower limit of 70, 72, or 75% by weight to an upper limit of 98, 95, 90, 88, or 85%. The third polyether polyol may include structural units derived from another alkylene oxide, for example, ethylene oxide. The third polyether polyol may include structural units derived from styrene, acrylonitrile, polyisocyanate and / or polyurea. The third polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl groups from 20 to 70 mg KOH / g. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 20 to 70 mg KOH / g are included; for example, the third polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl groups from a lower limit of 20, 25, or 30 mg KOH / g to an upper limit of 70, 65, or 60 mg KOH / g. The third polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups of 2.6 to 3.4. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 2.6 to 3.4 are included; for example, the third polyether polyol may have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups from a lower limit of 2.6, 2.7 or 2.8 to an upper limit of 3.4, 3.3 or 3.2. The third polyether polyol can have a number-average molecular weight of 2000 to 4000 g / mol. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 2000 to 4000 g / mol are included; for example, the third polyether polyol can have a number-average molecular weight from a lower limit of 2000, 2250, or 2500 g / mol to an upper limit of 4000, 3750, or 3500 g / mol. The third polyether polyol can be prepared using known equipment, reaction conditions, and reaction components. The third polyether polyol is commercially available. One example of a commercially available third polyether polyol is VORANOL™ 3136, available from Dow Chemical Company, among others. The third polyether polyol can be from 5 to 45 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 5 to 45 percent by weight are included; for example, the third polyether polyol can have a lower limit from 5, 8, or 10 percent by weight to an upper limit of 45, 43, or 40 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. The formulated polyol compositions described herein include at least one of a fourth polyether polyol, as described herein, and a methoxypolyethylene glycol, as described herein. For example, the formulated polyol compositions may include the fourth polyether polyol, or the methoxypolyethylene glycol, or the fourth polyether polyol and the methoxypolyethylene glycol. The formulated polyol compositions described herein may include a fourth polyether polyol. The fourth polyether polyol has a propylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the fourth polyether polyol. For example, the fourth polyether polyol may have a propylene oxide content of 70 to 95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the fourth polyether polyol. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 70 to 95 percent by weight are included; for example, the fourth polyether polyol may have a propylene oxide content from a lower limit of 70, 72, or 75 percent by weight to an upper limit of 95, 90, 88, or 85 percent. The fourth polyether polyol may include structural units derived from another alkylene oxide, for example, ethylene oxide. The fourth polyether polyol can have an average number of hydroxyl groups from 112 to 280 mg KOH / g. All individual values ​​and subintervals from 112 to 280 mg KOH / g are included; for example, the fourth polyether polyol can have an average number of hydroxyl groups from a lower limit of 112, 125, or 135 mg KOH / g to an upper limit of 280, 240, or 220 mg KOH / g. The four-polyether polyol can have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups from 2.6 to 3.4. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 2.6 to 3.4 are included; for example, the four-polyether polyol can have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups from a lower limit of 2.6, 2.7 or 2.8 to an upper limit of 3.4, 3.3 or 3.2. The fourth polyether polyol can have a number-average molecular weight of 500 to 1200 g / mol. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 500 to 1200 g / mol are included; for example, the fourth polyether polyol can have a number-average molecular weight from a lower limit of 500, 550, or 600 g / mol to an upper limit of 1200, 1100, 1000, 900, 850, or 800 g / mol. The fourth polyether polyol can be prepared using known equipment, reaction conditions, and reaction components. Four-polyether polyols are commercially available. One example of a commercially available four-polyether polyol is VORANOL™ 2070, available from Dow Chemical Company, among others. The fourth polyether polyol may be from 0.1 to 25 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. All individual values ​​and sub-ranges from 0.1 to 25 percent by weight are included; for example, the fourth polyether polyol may have a lower limit of 0.1, 1, or 5 percent by weight to an upper limit of 25, 20, or 18 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. In this document, using less than 0.1 percent by weight of the fourth polyether polyol is considered a nominal amount of the fourth polyether polyol, which is equivalent to not using the fourth polyether polyol. The formulated polyol compositions described herein may include methoxypolyethylene glycol. Methoxypolyethylene glycol may have an average number of hydroxyl groups from 56 to 190 mg KOH / g. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 56 to 190 mg KOH / g are included; for example, methoxypolyethylene glycol may have an average number of hydroxyl groups from a lower limit of 56, 1,000 or 75 mg KOH / g to an upper limit of 190, 175, or 150 mg KOH / g. Methoxypolyethylene glycol may have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups from 0.6 to 1.4. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 0.6 to 1.4 are included; for example, methoxypolyethylene glycol may have an average number of hydroxyl functional groups from a lower limit of 0.6, 0.7 or 0.8 to an upper limit of 1.4, 1.3 or 1.2. Methoxypolyethylene glycol can have a number-average molecular weight of 400 to 700 g / mol. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals of 400 to 700 g / mol are included; for example, methoxypolyethylene glycol can have a number-average molecular weight from a lower limit of 400, 450, or 500 g / mol to an upper limit of 700, 650, or 600 g / mol. Methoxypolyethylene glycol can be prepared using known equipment, reaction conditions, and reaction components. Methoxypolyethylene glycol is commercially available. One example of a commercially available methoxypolyethylene glycol is CARBOWAX-MMPEG 550, available from Dow Chemical Company, among others. Methoxypolyethylene glycol may be 0.1 to 15 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. All individual values ​​and sub-ranges from 0.1 to 15 percent by weight are included; for example, methoxypolyethylene glycol may have a lower limit of 0.1, 1, or 5 percent by weight to an upper limit of 15, 13, or 12 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. In this document, using less than 0.1 percent by weight of methoxypolyethylene glycol is considered a nominal amount of methoxypolyethylene glycol, which is equivalent to not using methoxypolyethylene glycol. One or more of the provisions stipulate that the formulated polyol composition has an ethylene oxide content of 20 percent by weight or more, based on the total weight of the first polyether polyol, the second polyether polyol, the third polyether polyol, the fourth polyether polyol, and the methoxypolyethylene glycol, i.e., the total weight of polyol and glycol used in the formulated polyol composition. For example, the formulated polyol composition may have an ethylene oxide content from a lower limit of 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 percent by weight to an upper limit of 85, 80, 75, or 70 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the first polyether polyol, the second polyether polyol, the third polyether polyol, the fourth polyether polyol, and the methoxypolyethylene glycol. / uu One or more modalities establish that the formulated polyol composition has a composition such that a combination of the second polyether polyol, the third polyether polyol, the fourth polyether polyol, and the methoxypolyethylene glycol is less than 80 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the first polyether polyol, the second polyether polyol, the third polyether polyol, the fourth polyether polyol, and the methoxypolyethylene glycol, i.e., a total weight of polyol and glycol used in the formulated polyol composition.For example, a combination of the second polyether polyol, the third polyether polyol, the fourth polyether polyol, and methoxypolyethylene glycol may be from a lower limit of 30, 40, or 50 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition to an upper limit of 79, 75, or 70 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the first polyether polyol, the second polyether polyol, the third polyether polyol, the fourth polyether polyol, and the methoxypolyethylene glycol. The formulated polyol compositions described herein include a surfactant. Surfactants for use in the preparation of polyurethane foams are well known to those skilled in the art, and many are commercially available. The surfactant can help provide uniform cell formation and / or gas entrapment, for example. The surfactant may be a silicone surfactant, for example, an organosilicone surfactant, a non-silicone surfactant, or a combination thereof. Examples of suitable silicone surfactants include, but are not limited to, Momentive's NIAX L-620, L-618, L-5130, L-5180, L-5340, L-5440, L-6100, L-6900, L-6980, and L-6988. TEGOSTAB B 8427, B-8404, B-8407, B-8409 and B-8462 from Evonik; and DC-193, DC-197, DC-5582 and DC-5598 from Dow Corning.Examples of non-silicone surfactants include, but are not limited to, oxyethylated alkylphenols, oxyethylated fatty alcohols, paraffin oils, castor oil esters, ricinoleic acid esters, sulfonated castor oil, peanut oil, paraffins, and fatty alcohols. The surfactant may be from 0.1 to 5.0 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 0.1 to 5.0 percent by weight are included; for example, the surfactant may be from a lower limit of 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 percent to an upper limit of 5.0, 4.5, or 4.0 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. The formulated polyol compositions described herein include water. Water may be used as a blowing agent, for example. The water content may range from 1 to 10 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight percent of the formulated polyol composition. All individual values ​​and sub-ranges from 1 to 10 percent by weight are included; for example, the water content may range from a lower limit of 1, 2, or 3 percent to an upper limit of 10, 8, or 6 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. The formulated polyol compositions described herein include a catalyst. The catalyst may be a blowing catalyst, a gel catalyst, a trimerization catalyst, or combinations thereof. As used herein, blowing catalysts and gel catalysts may differ in their catalytic propensity to promote the urea reaction (blowing), in the case of the blowing catalyst, or the urethane reaction (gel), in the case of the gel catalyst. A trimerization catalyst may be used to enhance the reactivity of the compositions. One or more embodiments specify that the catalyst is selected from a blowing catalyst, a gel catalyst, or a combination thereof. Examples of blowdown catalysts, that is, catalysts that generally promote the blowdown reaction, include, but are not limited to, short-chain tertiary amines or tertiary amines containing one oxygen atom. For example, blowdown catalysts include bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether; pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; triethylamine; tributylamine; N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine; dimethylethanolamine; N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine; and combinations thereof. Examples of blowdown catalysts on the market include, but are not limited to, Evonik's DABCO BL-17 and Momentive's NIAX Al. Examples of gel catalysts, i.e., catalysts that generally promote the gel reaction, include, among others, organometallic compounds, cyclic tertiary amines, and / or long-chain amines, for example, containing several nitrogen atoms, and combinations thereof. Organometallic compounds include organotin compounds, such as tin(II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, for example, tin(II) diacetate, tin(II) dioctanoate, tin(II) diethylhexanoate, and tin(II) dilaurate, and dialkyltin(IV) salts of organic carboxylic acids, for example, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate, and dioctyltin diacetate. Bismuth salts of organic carboxylic acids can also be used as gelation catalysts, such as bismuth octanoate.Cyclic tertiary amines and / or long-chain amines include dimethylbenzylamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbutanediamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, triethylenediamine, and combinations thereof. Specific examples of gel catalysts on the market are DABCO 33-LV and DABCO T-12 from Evonik. Examples of trimerization catalysts include tris(dialkylaminoalkyl)-s-hexahydrotriazines, such as 1,3,5-tris(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)-s-hexahydrotriazine; [2,4,6-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol]; potassium acetate, potassium octoate, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide; alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and potassium isopropoxide; and alkali metal salts of long-chain fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof. Some commercially available trimerization catalysts include DABCO TMR, DABCO TMR-2, and DABCO TMR-30 from Evonik. The catalyst can be from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight are included; for example, the catalyst can be from a lower limit of 0.01, 0.1, or 0.2 to an upper limit of 5, 4.5, or 3.5 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition, depending on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition. One or more of the variations described herein stipulate that formulated polyol compositions may include one or more additional components. Different additional components and / or different amounts of the additional components may be used for various applications. Examples of additional components include pigments, colorants, antioxidants, bioretarding agents, and combinations thereof, among others. Different amounts of the additional component may be used for different applications. This description provides foam formulations that include the polyol-formulated compositions described herein and an isocyanate. The isocyanate may be a polyisocyanate. As used herein, polyisocyanate refers to a molecule that has an average of more than 1.0 isocyanate groups per molecule, i.e., an average functional group number greater than 1.0. The isocyanate can be an aliphatic polyisocyanate, a cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate, an araliphatic polyisocyanate, an aromatic polyisocyanate, or combinations of these, for example.Examples of isocyanates include, but are not limited to, polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, toluene 2,4- / 2,6-diisocyanate (TDI), methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI, nonane triisocyanate (TIN), naphthyl diisocyanate (NDI), 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3,5-methyl-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate IIPDI), tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2-methylpentamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate (THDI), dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'diisocyanato-2,2-dicyclohexylpropane, 3-isocyanatomethyl-l-methyl-l-isocyanatocyclohexane (MCI), 1,3-diisooctylocyanato-4-methylcyclohexane, 1,3-diisocyanato-2-methylcyclohexane and combinations of these, among others.In addition to the isocyanates mentioned above, partially modified polyisocyanates can be used, including urethdione, isocyanurate, carbodiimide, uretonimine, allophanate or biuret structure and combinations thereof, among others. Isocyanate can be polymeric. As used herein, polymeric when describing isocyanate refers to homologs and / or higher molecular weight isomers. For example, polymeric methylenediphenyl isocyanate refers to a higher molecular weight homolog and / or isomer of methylenediphenyl isocyanate. As mentioned, isocyanate can have an average number of functional groups greater than 1.0 per molecule. For example, isocyanate can have an average number of functional groups from 1.5 to 8.0. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 1.5 to 8.0 are included; for example, isocyanate can have an average number of functional groups from a lower limit of 1.5, 1.7, 2.0, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, or 3.0 to an upper limit of 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.7, 6.5, 6.3, 6.0, 5.7, or 5.5. Isocyanate can have an isocyanate equivalent weight from 80 g / eq to 500 g / eq. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 80 to 500 g / eq are included; for example, isocyanate can have an isocyanate equivalent weight from a lower limit of 80, 82, 84, 90 or 100 to an upper limit of 500, 450, 400, 375 or 350 g / eq. Isocyanate can be prepared by a known process. For example, polyisocyanate can be prepared by phosgenation of the corresponding polyamines with formation of polycarbamoyl chlorides and thermolysis of these to provide polyisocyanate and hydrogen chloride, or by a phosgene-free process, such as by reaction of the corresponding polyamines with urea and alcohol to obtain polycarbamates, and thermolysis of these to obtain polyisocyanate and alcohol, for example. Isocyanate is commercially available. Examples of commercially available isocyanates include, but are not limited to, polyisocyanates with the trade names VORANATE™, VORACOR™, such as VORACOR™ CL 100, and PAPI™, such as PAPI™ 23 and PAPI™ 27, available from The Dow Chemical Company, among other commercially available isocyanates. Isocyanate can be used so that the foam formulation has an isocyanate index in the range of 55 to 110. The isocyanate index can be determined as a ratio, multiplied by one hundred, of the actual amount of isocyanate used and the theoretical amount of isocyanate required for curing. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 55 to 110 are included; for example, the foam formulation may have an isocyanate index from a lower limit of 55, 60, 65, 67, or 69 to an upper limit of 110, 100, or 90. The foam formulations described herein can be cured to form a foam product. Foam products can be prepared using known methods and conditions, which may vary for different applications. As mentioned, foam products have a combination of properties that are advantageous for various applications, such as cushions and pillows. For example, the foam products described herein can desirablely provide a combination of properties including skin formation, mold filling by foaming, specific foam core recovery times, specific airflow velocities (e.g., skin and core airflow velocities), and specific compression settings at 90% compression. For several applications, it is essential that foam formulations can form a skin. Foam formulations that cannot form a skin can result in undesirably defective foam products. Advantageously, the foam formulations described herein can form a skin to provide desirable foam products. The advantages of skin formation are evident to those skilled in the art, and skin formation can be easily determined by visual observation. For several applications, it is essential that foam formulations can fill a mold by foaming. Foam formulations that cannot fill a mold by foaming can result in undesirably defective foam products. Advantageously, the foam formulations described herein can fill a mold by foaming to provide desirable foam products. The advantages of mold filling are evident to those skilled in the art, and mold filling can be easily determined by visual observation. The foam products described herein may have a foam core recovery time of 2 seconds to 120 seconds. A foam core recovery time of 2 seconds to 120 seconds indicates that the foam product has desirable viscoelasticity; for example, the foam product exhibits viscous and elastic characteristics when subjected to deformation. All individual values ​​and sub-ranges from 2.0 to 120 seconds are included; for example, the foam product has a foam core recovery time from a lower limit of 2.0, 2.3, or 2.5 seconds to an upper limit of 120, 90, or 60 seconds. The foam products described herein may advantageously have a skin airflow rate of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (dm³ / s) (4.0 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or higher. For example, the foam products may have a skin airflow rate ranging from a lower limit of 1,888 dm³ / s (4.0 cfm) to an upper limit of 3,776 dm³ / s (8.0 cfm). The skin airflow rate may be determined in accordance with ASTM D3574; this airflow rate may be determined using the foam skin remaining on top of the foam. In this document, a skin airflow rate of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (dm³ / s) (4.0 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or higher indicates that the foam product is chemically perforated. One or more modalities state that the skin airflow velocity is preferably 2,360 dm3 / s (5.0 cfm) or more. / uu The foam products described herein may advantageously have a core airflow rate of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (dm³ / s) (4.0 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or higher. For example, the foam products may have a core airflow rate ranging from a lower limit of 1,888 dm³ / s (4.0 cfm) to an upper limit of 6,607 dm³ / s (14.0 cfm). The core airflow rate may be determined in accordance with ASTM D3574; this airflow rate may be determined using the foam skin removed from the foam. One or more embodiments specify that the core airflow rate is preferably 2,360 dm³ / s (5.0 cfm) or higher. Ideally, the core airflow velocity is 3.068 dm3 / s (6.5 cfm) or more, or 3.304 dm3 / s (7.0 cfm) or more. The foam products described herein may advantageously have a compression fit of 1% to 12% at 90% compression. Compression fit is a measure of the permanent deformation of the foam product after it has been compressed between two metal plates under controlled time and temperature conditions. The foam product is compressed to a given thickness as a percentage of its original thickness that remained compressed. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 1% to 12% are included. For example, the foam product may have a compression fit at 90% compression from a lower limit of 1, 1.5, or 2% to an upper limit of 12, 10, or 9.5%. The compression fit at 90% compression can be determined in accordance with Test D of ASTM D3574. The foam product described herein may be an open-cell foam. As used herein, an open-cell foam refers to a foam that has a core airflow rate of 0.354 cubic decimeters per second (dm³ / s) (0.75 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or higher. Open-cell foams are desirable for various applications. The foam products described herein may have one or more desirable properties. For example, the foam products described herein may have a density of 19.222 to 48.055 kilograms per cubic meter (kg / m3) (1.2 to 3.0 pounds per cubic foot [pcf]). All individual values ​​and sub-intervals of 19.222 to 48.055 kg / m3 (1.2 to 3.0 pcf) are included. For example, foam products can have a density from a lower limit of 19.222, 24.028, 28.833, 32.037, 32.838 or 33.637 kg / m3 (1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.05 or 2.1 pcf) to an upper limit of 48.055, 44.852 or 43.250 kg / m3 (3.0, 2.8 or 2.7 pcf). The foam products described herein may have a compression strength deflection (25%) of 1.0 to 2.0 kPa. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 1.0 to 2.0 kPa are included; for example, the foam product may have a compression strength deflection (25%) from a lower limit of 1.0, 1.1, or 1.2 kPa to an upper limit of 2.0, 1.9, or 1.85 kPa. The foam products described herein may have a compression strength deflection (40%) of 1.3 to 3.5 kPa. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 1.3 to 3.5 kPa are included; for example, the foam product may have a compression strength deflection (40%) from a lower limit of 1.3, 1.4, or 1.5 kPa to an upper limit of 3.5, 3.4, or 3.3 kPa. The foam products described herein may have a compression strength deflection (65%) of 2.5 to 20.0 kPa. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 2.5 to 20.0 kPa are included; for example, the foam product may have a compression strength deflection (65%) from a lower limit of 2.5, 2.7, or 30 kPa to an upper limit of 20.0, 18.0, or 15.0 kPa. Unlike the materials described above, which can be mechanically perforated for added comfort, the foam products described herein may be termed chemically perforated. Chemically perforated foam products as described herein may have an average hole diameter, for example, holes in the formed skin, of 50 to 500 µm. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 50 to 500 µm are included; for example, chemically perforated foam products may have an average hole diameter from a lower limit of 50, 75, 100, 150, 175, or 200 µm to an upper limit of 500, 475, 450, 425, 400, 375, 350, 325, or 300 µm. Chemically perforated foam products as described herein may have an average hole coverage percentage, i.e., the percentage of the total surface area of ​​the foam product occupied by holes (chemical perforations) in the formed skin, of 50 to 85 percent. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 50 to 85 percent are included; for example, chemically perforated foam products may have an average hole coverage percentage ranging from a lower limit of 50, 55, 60, 62, or 65 percent to an upper limit of 85, 83, or 80 percent. The average hole coverage percentage may be determined by microscopic observation, for example. Chemically perforated foam products as described herein may have an average skin coverage percentage, i.e., a percentage of the total surface area of ​​the foam product occupied by the formed skin, of 15 to 50 percent. All individual values ​​and sub-intervals from 15 to 50 percent are included; for example, chemically perforated foam products may have an average skin coverage percentage ranging from a lower limit of 15, 17, or 20 percent to an upper limit of 50, 45, 40, 38, or 35 percent. The sum of the average skin coverage percentage and the average hole coverage percentage will be 100 percent. The foam products described herein may advantageously have an improved interface temperature, that is, a relatively lower interface temperature, compared to other materials. Interface temperature refers to the temperature between a person and the foam product. A relatively lower interface temperature may make a foam product, for example, when used as a pillow, desirably more comfortable compared to materials with a higher interface temperature. The foam products described herein may advantageously have an improved interface relative humidity, i.e., a lower interface relative humidity, compared to other materials. Interface relative humidity refers to the relative humidity between a person and the foam product. A lower interface relative humidity may make a foam product, for example, when used as a pillow, more comfortable compared to materials with a higher interface relative humidity. The foam products described herein may advantageously have an improved absorption time, i.e., a shorter absorption time, compared to other materials. Absorption time refers to the time it takes for water to disappear from the surface of the foam product. A shorter absorption time may make a foam product, for example, when used as a pillow, desirably more comfortable compared to materials with a longer absorption time. EXAMPLES In the Examples, various terms and designations are used for the materials, including, for example, the following: VORANOL™ WK 3140 (first polyether polyol; EO content 60%; average number of hydroxyl functional groups 3.0; average number of hydroxyl groups 167 mg KOH / g; number-average molecular weight 1000 g / mol; obtained from Dow Chemical Company); VORANOL™ 2070 (fourth polyether polyol; average number of hydroxyl functional groups 3.0; average number of hydroxyl groups 237 mg KOH / g; number-average molecular weight 708 g / mol; all based on propylene oxide, obtained from Dow Chemical Company); VORANOL™ 3136 (third polyether polyol; average number of hydroxyl functional groups 3.0; average number of hydroxyl groups 56.4 mg KOH / g; number average molecular weight 3000 g / mol; ethylene oxide content 8 percent by weight, obtained from Dow Chemical Company); VORANOL™ CP-1447 (second polyether polyol; average number of hydroxyl functional groups 3.0; average number of hydroxyl groups 37 mg KOH / g; average number molecular weight 4500 g / mol; ethylene oxide content 78 percent by weight; obtained from Dow Chemical Company); CARBOWAX™ MPEG 550 (methoxypolyethylene glycol; average number of hydroxyl functional groups 1.0; average number of hydroxyl groups 102 mg KOH / g; average number molecular weight 550 g / mol; obtained from Dow Chemical Company); CARBOWAX™ PEG 600 (commercial polyethylene glycol; average number of hydroxyl functional groups 2.0; average number of hydroxyl groups 190 mg KOH / g; average number molecular weight 600 g / mol; obtained from Dow Chemical Company); IP 625 (commercial polyol; average number of hydroxyl functional groups 3.0; average number of hydroxyl groups 270 mg KOH / g; number average molecular weight 623 g / mol; all based on ethylene oxide, obtained from Dow Chemical Company); VORANOL™ CP3001 (commercial polyol, average number of hydroxyl functional groups 3.0; average number of hydroxyl groups 56.4 mg KOH / g; average molecular weight in number 3000 g / mol;. / uu coated with 8.5% ethylene oxide, 54 mol% primary hydroxyl content, obtained from Dow Chemical Company); NIAX L-620 (organosilicone surfactant; obtained from Momentive); DABCO 33-LV (gel catalyst; obtained from Evonik); DABCO BL-17 (blow catalyst; obtained from Evonik); PAPI™ 23 (isocyanate; polymethylethylene polyphenylisocyanate containing MDI; obtained from Dow Chemical Company). Example (Ex.) 1, a formulated polyol composition, was prepared as follows. For Example 1, the components of the formulated polyol composition listed in Table 1, with the exception of the catalyst, which was added after the first mixing, were combined in a mixing vessel by mixing with a 16-needle mixer at 800 rpm for 15 seconds and at 2400 rpm for 15 seconds; the catalyst was then added to the contents of the mixing vessel, which was mixed at 2400 rpm for 15 seconds. The 26 Examples were prepared as Example 1 with the changes that the elements indicated in Table 1 were used respectively. Example 7, a foam formulation, was prepared as follows. Isocyanate was added to Example 1 and mixed at 3000 rpm for 3 seconds; the isocyanate index is listed in Table 1. Examples 8-12 were prepared as Example 7, with the changes that Examples 2-6 were used respectively instead of Example 1 and with the changes that the elements indicated in Table 1 were used respectively. Example 13, a foam product, was prepared as follows. Example 7 was poured into a plastic-lined container (38 cm x 38 cm x 24 cm) for foaming and curing for approximately 12 hours at approximately 20°C to provide Example 13. Examples 14-18 were prepared as Example 13 with the changes that Examples 8-12 were used respectively instead of Example 7. The Comparative Examples (CE) AS were prepared like Examples 1-6, with the change that the elements indicated in the following Tables were used respectively. Comparative Examples A*-S*, the foam formulations, were prepared as Example 7, with the changes that Comparative Examples AP were used respectively instead of Example 1. Comparative Examples A**-S**, the foam products, were prepared as in Example 13, with the changes being that Comparative Examples A*-P* were used respectively instead of Example 7. Several properties were determined for Examples and Comparative Examples and are presented in the following Tables. / uu Foam core recovery was determined using a RESIMAT (Messtechnik GmbH, Germany). The respective samples (10.16 cm x 10.16 cm x 5.08 cm [4 in x 4 in x 2 in]) were compressed to 78% deformation using a pressure plate and held for 60 seconds. After 60 seconds, electromagnets released the pressure plate, allowing the foam to recover at least 90% of its original uncompressed height. The time to 90% recovery is recorded as the foam core recovery time. The deflection of the compressive force was determined in accordance with ASTM D3574-08. Airflow velocities for both the skin and core were determined according to ASTM D3574 and recorded in cubic decimeters per second (dm³ / s) (cubic feet per minute [cfm]). The respective samples (5.08 cm x 2.54 cm x 2.54 cm [2 in x 1 in x 1 in]) were analyzed; three specimens per sample were analyzed, and the average was recorded. For skin airflow velocity, samples with the remaining foam skin were analyzed. For core airflow velocity, samples without the foam skin were analyzed; that is, the foam core was analyzed. For the mechanically perforated comparative samples, four holes, each with a diameter of 6 mm, were drilled through each sample; the drilled holes were arranged symmetrically, and each hole was located near a corner of the sample.For the Comparative Examples for which the airflow was determined, Comparative Examples C**, D**, N** and p** were mechanically drilled and Comparative Examples F**, J** and M** were not mechanically drilled. The compression fit to 90% compression was determined in accordance with Test D of ASTM D3574. Table 1 Formulated Polyol Compositions Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 VORANOL™ WK 3140 34.89 43.18 43.18 51.26 48.25 35.58 VORANOL™ CP-1447 8.08 10.00 10.00 11.87 11.17 25.00 VORANOL™ 3136 32.00 17.00 17.00 20.18 19.00 14.01 VORANOL™ 2070 12.12 15.00 15.00 - 16.76 12.36 CARBOWAX™ MPEG 550 8.08 10.00 10.00 11.87 - 8.24 Water 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 NIAX L-620 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 DABCO BL-17 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 DABCO 33-LV 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 Ethylene oxide content as a function of 37% 44% 44% 53% 39% 50% Total weight of polyol and glycol Foam formulations Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 PAPI™ 23 (isocyanate index) 71 71 71 71 71 71 Foam products Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 16 Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Visually observed skin formation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Foaming, visually observed Mold full of good foam Mold full of good foam Mold full of good foam Mold full of good foam Mold full of good foam Mold full of good foam Foam core recovery (seconds) 40 6.6 3.7 6.0 11.3 2.6 25% compression force deflection (kPa) 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.6 Compression force at 40% (kPa) 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.8 2.2 2.7 Deflection of compression force at 65% (kPa) 5.3 4.5 3.4 7.5 5.6 14.3 Skin airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) 2.596 (5.5) 2.501 (5.3) 2.784 (5.9) 2.784 (5.9) 2.360 (5.0) 2.360 (5.0) Core airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) 3.351 (7.1) 4.153 (8.8) 3.445 (7.3) 4.059 (8.6) 3.304 (7.0) 4.531 (9.6) 90% compression setting (%) 8.8 4.2 5.2 6.1 5.1 6.0 Density (kg / m3 [pcf]) 34.760 (2.17) 39.566 (2.47) 41.968 (2.62) 37.643 (2.35) 36.682 (2.29) 36.362 (2.27) iviA / a / ¿u¿ i / uuo¿oo The data in Table 1 advantageously illustrate each of Examples 13-18: formed a skin; filled the mold by foaming; had a foam core recovery time of 2 seconds to 120 seconds; had a skin airflow rate of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (dm3 / s) (4.0 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or more; had a core airflow rate of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (dm3 / s) (4.0 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or more; and has a compression setting at 90% compression of 1% to 12%. Table 2 Formulated polyol compositions CEA CEB CEC CED CEE CEF CEG VORANOL™ WK3140 5.00 15.00 3.18 - - 34.43 43.18 VORANOL™ CP-1447 20.18 20.18 50.00 20.00 10.00 1.25 10.00 iviA / a / ¿u¿i / uu VORANOL™ 3136 20.00 20.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 8.25 - VORANOL™ 2070 40.00 40.00 15.00 38.18 15.00 50.00 19.25 CARBOWAX™ MPEG 550 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 1.25 14.25 IP625 - - - - 43.18 - - CARBOWAX™ PEG 600 - - - 10.00 - - - Water 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 NIAX L-620 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 DABCO BL-17 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 DABCO 33-LV 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 Ethylene oxide content based on the total weight of polyol and glycol 30% 36% 52% 36% 22% 23% 47% Foam formulations CEA* CE B* CE C* CED* CE E* CE F* CE G* PAPI™ 23 (isocyanate index) 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 Espuma products CEA** CE B** CE C** CED** CE E** CE F** CE G** Skin formation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Visually observed foaming, visually observed Foam collapsed Foam collapsed Did not fill mold Mold full of good foam Mold full of good foam Mold full of good foam Foam shrank Foam core recovery (seconds) NA (foam collapsed) NA (foam collapsed) 1.7 29.3 18.8 40.0 NA (foam shrank) 25% compression force deflection (kPa) NA (foam collapsed) NA (foam collapsed) 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.9 NA (foam shrank) 40% compression force deflection (kPa) NA (foam collapsed) NA (foam collapsed) 3.1 2.1 2.3 2.6 NA (foam shrank) 65% compression force deflection (kPa) NA (foam collapsed) NA (foam collapsed) 19.4 5.8 4.1 6.1 NA (foam shrank) Skin airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) NA (foam collapsed) NA (foam collapsed) 3.681 (7.8) 1.746 (3.7) 1.699 (3.6) 0.047 (0.1) NA (foam shrank) Core airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) NA (foam collapsed) NA (foam collapsed) 2.586 (11.2) 2.218 (4.7) 2.832 (6.0) 0.047 (0-1) NA (foam shrank) 90% compression fit (%) NA (foam collapsed) NA (foam collapsed) 6.4 55.4 0.7 5.2 NA (foam shrank) Density (kg / m3 [pcf]) NA (foam collapsed) NA (foam collapsed) 35.241 (2.20) 34.600 (2.16) 39.886 (2.49) 41.968 (2.62) NA (foam shrank) ma / s / ¿u¿ i / uuo¿oo Table 3 Formulated polyol compositions CEH CEI CEJ CEK CEL CEM CEN VORANOL™ WK3140 50.00 55.00 43.18 51.47 26.61 27.02 48.25 VORANOL™ CP-1447 10.00 10.00 10.00 11.92 6.16 6.26 - VORANOL™ 3136 10.18 10.18 - 2.00 47.00 10.64 19.00 VORANOL™ 2070 15.00 15.00 15.00 17.88 9.24 45.00 16.76 VORANOL™ CP 3001 - - 17.00 - - - - CARBOWAX™ MPEG 550 10.00 10.00 10.00 11.92 6.16 6.26 11.17 IP625 - - - - - - - CARBOWAX™ PEG 600 - - - - - - - Water 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 NIAX L-620 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 DABCO BL-17 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 DABCO 33-LV 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 Ethylene Oxide Content as a Function of Total Weight of Polyol and Glycol 48% 51% 45% 52% 30% 28% 41% CE Foam Formulations H* CE I* CE J* CE K* CE L* CE M* CE N* PAPI™ 23 (isocyanate index) 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 Foam Products CE H** CE I** CEJ** CE K** CE L** CE M** CE N** Skin formation, visually observed No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Foaming, visually observed NA (no skin formation) NA (no skin formation) Mold full of good foam Foam collapsed Foam collapsed Mold full of good foam Mold full of good foam Foam core recovery (seconds) NA (no skin formation) NA (no skin formation) 25.2 NA (foam collapse) NA (foam collapse) 40.0 10.8 25% Compression force deflection (kPa) NA (no skin formation) NA (no skin formation) 1.4 NA (foam collapse) NA (foam collapse) 2.2 1.6 40% Compression force deflection (kPa) NA (no skin formation) NA (no skin formation) 1.7 NA (foam collapse) NA (foam collapse) 3.1 2.4 65% Compression force deflection (kPa) NA (no skin formation) NA (no skin formation) 3.0 NA (foam collapse) NA (foam collapse) 9.9 10.7 Skin airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) NA (no skin formation) NA (no skin formation) skin) 0.425 (0.9) NA (foam collapse) NA (foam collapse) 0.189 (0.4) 1.982 (4.2) Core airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) NA (no skin formation) NA (no skin formation) 0.425 (0-9) NA (foam collapse) NA (foam collapse) 0.566 (1-2) 3.540 (7.5) 90% Compression Adjustment NA (no formation NA (no formation 83.1 NA (the foam NA (the foam 87.9 16.3. (%) of skin) of skin) collapse) collapse) Density (kg / m3 [pcf]) NA (without skin formation) NA (without skin formation) 34.920 (2.18) NA (foam collapse) NA (foam collapse) 39.245 (2.45) 37.163 (2.32) Table 4 Formulated polyol compositions CEO CEP CEO CER CES VORANOL™ WK3140 38.11 35.10 51.26 63.13 45.00 VORANOL™ CP-1447 8.83 8.13 23.74 11.87 27.12 VORANOL™ 3136 15.00 13.82 20.18 20.18 23.06 VORANOL™ 2070 13.24 30.00 - - - VORANOL™ CP 3001 - - - - - CARBOWAX™ MPEG 550 20.00 8.13 51.26 63.13 45.00 IP625 - - - - - CARBOWAX™ PEG 600 - - - - - Water 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 NIAX L-620 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 DABCO BL-17 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 DABCO 33-LV 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 Ethylene Oxide Content as a Function of Total Weight of Polyol and Glycol 50% 36% 51% 49% 50% Foam Formulations CE 0* CE P* CE Q* CE R* CE S* PAPI™ 23 (Isocyanate Index) 71 71 71 71 71 Foam Products CE 0** CE P** CE Q** CE R** CE S** Visually Observed Skin Formation No Yes Yes Yes Yes Foaming, Visually Observed NA (No Skin Formation) Mold Full of Good Foam Mold Full of Good Foam Mold Full of Good Foam Mold Full of Good Foam Foam Core Recovery (Seconds) NA (No Skin Formation) 13.8 1.5 2.7 1.6 Deflection of Compression Force at 25% NA (No Skin Formation) 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.4 / uu (kPa) Compression force deflection at 40% (kPa) NA (no skin formation) 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.7 Compression force deflection at 65% (kPa) NA (no skin formation) 4.6 3.3 3.5 3.0 Skin airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) NA (no skin formation) 1.180 (2.5) 1.274 (2.7) 1.321 (2.8) 1.416 (3.0) Core airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) NA (no skin formation) 1.227 (2.6) 1.180 (2.5) 1.180 (2.5) 1.652 (3.5) Compression fit at 90% (%) NA (no skin formation) 24.7 1.1 1.0 1.0 Density (kg / m3 [pcf]) NA (without skin formation) 37.163 (2.32) 38.444 (2.4) 41.648 (2.6) 40.046 (2.5) The data in Tables 2-4 illustrate that, unlike each of Examples 13-18, none of the comparative Examples a**-S** could provide the advantageous combination of properties, as illustrated in Table 1. None of the comparative Examples a**-S** could provide: a formed skin; a foam-filled mold; a foam core recovery time of 2 seconds to 120 seconds; a skin airflow rate of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (dm3 / s) (4.0 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or more; a core airflow rate of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (dm3 / s) (4.0 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or more; and a compression setting of 90% compression from 1% to 12%. Examples 20-21, the formulated polyol compositions, were prepared like Examples 1-6, with the change that the elements indicated in 1 ab .i. ao were used respectively. Examples 22-23, the foam formulations, were prepared using a Cannon A40 high-pressure machine, as described below. The isocyanate index is listed in Tables 1 to 5. Examples 24-25, the foam products, were prepared using Examples 22-23 and a Cannon A40 high-pressure machine equipped with a 14 mm FPL mixing head. Examples 22-23 were poured into an aluminum pillow mold. The mold cavity volume was approximately 3,964 cm³ (1.4 ft³). The mold temperature was controlled by resistance heating. A water-based mold release agent was applied to the mold before each pour. The machine settings were as follows: a mold temperature of 48.889 °C (120 °F); a polyol formulated composition temperature of 25 °C (77 °F); an isocyanate temperature of 25 °C (77 °F); a throughput of 170 g / s; a polyol formulated composition pressure of 17.0 bar; and an isocyanate pressure of 17.0 bar. a demolding time of 210 seconds (3 minutes to ventilate, 3.5 minutes to remove); a specific gravity of the formulated polyol composition of 1.04; a specific gravity of isocyanate of 1.23; a hole of the formulated polyol composition of 1.5 mm; and a hole of isocyanate of 0.8 mm. Several properties were determined, as described above, for Examples 24-25. The results are presented in Table 5. Table 5 Formulated polyol compositions Ex. 20 Ex. 21 VORANOL™ WK 3140 43.18 43.18 VORANOL™ CP-1447 10.00 10.00 VORANOL™ 3136 17.00 17.00 VORANOL™ 2070 15.00 15.00 CARBOWAX™ MPEG 550 10.00 10.00 Water 3.30 3.30 NIAX L-620 1.00 1.00 DABCO BL-17 0.20 0.20 DABCO 33-LV 0.32 0.32 Ethylene Oxide Content as a Function of Total Weight of Polyol and Glycol 45.3% 45.3% Foam Formulations Ex. 22 Ex. 23 PAPI™ 23 (Isocyanate Index) 71 80 Foam Products Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Skin Formation Visually Observed Yes Yes Foaming, Visually Observed Mold Full of Good Foam Mold Full of Good Foam Foam Core Recovery (seconds) 9.9 8.5 25% Compression Force Deflection (kPa) 2.17 1.92 40% Compression Force Deflection (kPa) 2.52 2.17 Deflection of the compressive strength at 65% (kPa) 4.12 3.64 Skin airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) 2.426 (5.14) 2.492 (5.28) Core airflow velocity (dm3 / s [cfm]) 3.233 (6.85) 3.403 (7.21) 90% compression fit (%) 2.08 2.21 Density (kg / m3 [pcf]) 38.925 (2.43) 39.566 (2.47) The data in Table 5 advantageously illustrate that each of Examples 24-25: formed a skin; filled the mold by foaming; had a foam core recovery time of 2 seconds to 120 seconds; had a skin airflow rate of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (dm3 / s) (4.0 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or more; had a core airflow rate of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (dm3 / s) (4.0 cubic feet per minute [cfm]) or more; and has a compression setting at 90% compression of 1% to 12%. The interface temperatures and relative humidity levels between Examples 24–25, a number of commercially available pillows, and human skin were determined as follows. A temperature / humidity sensor was inserted between a person's head and Examples 24–25, as well as the commercially available pillows; the temperatures and relative humidity levels were measured after 60 minutes. Examples 24–25 and the commercially available pillows were covered with a woven cotton (55%) / polyester (45%) fabric cover with a fabric density of 0.18 kg / m². The results are presented in Table 6. The absorption times for Examples 24-25 and commercially available pillows were determined by placing a drop of dyed water on the respective surfaces of the samples (2.54 cm [1.0 in] thick) from Examples 24-25 and the commercially available pillows. The time it took for the water drops to disappear from the surface was observed visually and recorded as the absorption time. The results are presented in Table 6. The pillows obtained from the market were: pillow 1 (Organic Textiles latex pillow; 100% latex material, skin airflow rate of 4.719 dm3 / s [10 cfm]; core airflow rate of 5.191 dm3 / s [11 cfm]; density of 33.369 kg / m3 [2.1 pcf]; 90% compression setting of 6.2%); pillow 2 (Sinomax Dream Serenity Ergo Shape Comfort; density of 44.211 kg / m3 [2.76 pcf]); pillow 3 (Kohl's The Big One Gel Memory Foam; 10 percent by weight of gel particles; density of 36.842 kg / m3 [2.3 pcf]); Pillow 4 (Pharmedoc gel-coated pillow; density 39.245 kg / m3 [2.45 pcf]); Pillow 5 (pillow coated with phase change material; density 40.046 kg / m3 [2.5 pcf]). The pillows obtained from the market were mechanically perforated as described herein. Examples 24-25 were chemically made as described herein and had an average hole diameter of approximately 250 µm; an average hole coverage percentage of approximately 79 percent; and an average skin coverage percentage of approximately 21 percent. The mechanically perforated materials had an average hole diameter of approximately 6.0 mm; an average hole coverage percentage of approximately 6.9 percent; and an average skin coverage percentage of approximately 93.1 percent. Table 6 Interface Temperature Interface Relative Humidity Absorption Time Ex. 24 36.778 °C (98.2 °F) 52.0 % 1 second Ex. 25 36.889 °C (98.4 °F) 52.0 % 1 second Pillow 1 - - No absorption Pillow 2 36.944 °C (98.5 °F) 56.0 % 2 seconds Pillow 3 37.222 °C (99.0 °F) 57.0 % 4 seconds Pillow 4 37.167 °C (98.9 °F) 61.0% No absorption Pillow 5 37.222 °C (99.0 °F) 57.0 % No absorption The data in Table 6 illustrate that Examples 24-25 had an advantageously improved interface temperature, that is, a relatively lower interface temperature, compared to each of the commercially available Pillows 2-5. A relatively lower interface temperature can make a pillow desirably more comfortable compared to pillows with a higher interface temperature. The data in Table 6 illustrate that Examples 24-25 had an advantageously improved interface relative humidity, that is, a lower interface relative humidity, compared to each of the commercially available Pillows 2-5. A lower interface relative humidity can make a pillow desirably more comfortable compared to pillows with a higher interface relative humidity. The data in Table 6 illustrate that Examples 24-25 had a significantly improved absorption time, meaning a relatively shorter absorption time, compared to each of the commercially available Pillows 1-5. A shorter absorption time can indicate that a pillow is desirably more comfortable compared to pillows with a longer absorption time. It is hereby stated that, as of this date, the best method known to the applicant for putting the aforementioned invention into practice is the one that is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims

Having described the invention as above, the following claims are claimed as property:

1. A formulated polyol composition characterized in that it comprises: a first polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g and an ethylene oxide content of 45 to 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the first polyether polyol, wherein the first polyether polyol is 20 to 55 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition; a second polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 18.5 to 51 mg KOH / g and an ethylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the second polyether polyol, wherein the second polyether polyol is 2 to 50 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition;a third polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 20 to 70 mg KOH / g and a propylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the third polyether polyol, wherein the third polyether polyol is from 5 to 45 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition; a surfactant; water; a catalyst selected from a blowing catalyst, a gel catalyst and combinations thereof; and at least one of: a fourth polyether polyol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 112 to 280 mg KOH / g and a propylene oxide content of at least 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the fourth polyether polyol, wherein the fourth polyether polyol is from 0.1 to 25 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition;and a methoxypolyethylene glycol having an average number of hydroxyl groups of 56 to 190 mg KOH / g, wherein the methoxypolyethylene glycol is 0.1 to 15 percent by weight of the formulated polyol composition based on the total weight of the formulated polyol composition.

2. The formulated polyol composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the fourth polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight of 500 to 1200 g / mol and an average number of hydroxyl functional groups of 2.6 to 3.

4.

3. The formulated polyol composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the methoxypolyethylene glycol has a number average molecular weight of 400 to 700 g / mol and an average number of hydroxyl functional groups of 0.6 to 1.

4.

4. The formulated polyol composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the first polyether polyol has a number-average molecular weight of 700 to 1300 g / mol and an average number of hydroxyl functional groups of 2.6 to 3.4; the second polyether polyol has a number-average molecular weight of 4000 to 5000 g / mol and an average number of hydroxyl functional groups of 2.6 to 3.4; and the third polyether polyol has a number-average molecular weight of 2000 to 4000 g / mol and an average number of hydroxyl functional groups of 2.6 to 3.

4.

5. A foam formulation characterized in that it comprises: the formulated polyol composition according to claim 1; and an isocyanate, wherein the foam formulation has an isocyanate index of 55 to 110.

6. A foam product characterized in that it is formed by curing the foam formulation according to claim 5.

7. The foam product according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes a skin, has a foam core recovery time of 2 seconds to 120 seconds, has a skin airflow velocity of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (4.0 cubic feet per minute) or more, has a core airflow velocity of 1,888 cubic decimeters per second (4.0 cubic feet per minute) or more, and has a compression setting of 90% compression from 1% to 12%.

8. The foam product according to claim 6, characterized in that it has an average hole coverage percentage of 50 to 85 percent with an average hole diameter of 50 to 500 pm.