Apparatus and method for powering devices in medical facilities
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- PL · PL
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ESA ELEKTROSCHALTANLAGEN GRIMMA
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-29
AI Technical Summary
Current power supply systems in medical facilities, particularly in doctor's practices and medical care centers, face challenges such as high power loss, increased risk of failure, and high wear of electronic components due to the use of rectifiers and inverters, lack of redundancy, and non-compliance with safety standards like DIN VDE 0100-710, which require a safe and reliable power supply that continues operation during faults without interrupting critical medical equipment.
A battery-supported power supply system with a modular design that includes a battery system connected to both AC/DC rectifiers and DC/DC converters, providing redundancy through n+1 configuration, with manual and electronic bypasses for safe switching, and integrated monitoring for error detection and reporting, ensuring continuous operation and compliance with medical standards.
The system ensures high operational reliability, minimizes power loss, and maintains safe operation during faults, allowing for easy maintenance and expansion, with automatic switching and monitoring to prevent errors and ensure patient safety.
Abstract
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a device and a method for the safe power supply of devices in medical facilities of application group 2 according to DIN VDE 0100-710:2012-10, in particular for use in doctor's offices and medical care centers (MVZ), via two independent supply lines consisting of a mains connection and a battery system.
[0002] Medical procedures are increasingly being performed not only in hospitals but also in medical care centers (MVZ) or doctor's offices. This results in the same and specific requirements and regulations for the power supply in all medical and technical facilities to protect the life and safety of patients and those providing treatment. In the event of a disruption to the general power supply, medical-technical facilities in application group 2, i.e., operating rooms and intensive care units, must be operated via a backup power supply (SP). Unlike other groups, the electrical system must not be switched off in the event of a ground or frame fault or in the event of a power failure. In particular, DIN VDE 0100-710:2012-10 / IEC 60364-7-710:2021-05 must be observed.
[0003] To comply with these requirements, two independent supply lines would be required in doctor's offices and medical care centers (MVZ) to ensure a secure power supply. In the event of a fault on one supply line, a switch automatically switches to the second supply line. The use of a second power supply is usually not possible in doctor's offices, so a battery-supported emergency power supply (BSV) with a mains connection and a battery-supported power supply system for AC and DC voltage is provided. This provides a secure power supply (SV) with AC voltage to supply therapy devices, measuring and analysis devices, and electrical tools via an isolating transformer and a 400 V / 230 V AV or 230 V / 230 V AC IT network, as well as additional insulation monitoring for detection.
[0004] The disadvantage of these state-of-the-art systems is: 1) In normal operation, power is supplied via rectifiers and inverters, and in faulty operation via the mains connection. This results in high losses during operation, increased risk of failure, and greater wear (shortened service life) of the electronic components. At the time of the transfer request, the mains supply may be faulty. In this case, the ATSD would switch directly to the mains: Consideration of two simultaneous faults, single-fault safety required. 2) The use of an electronic transfer switching device (ESD / ATSD) is not permitted for operating rooms in application group 2 according to DIN VDE 0100-710:2012-10 Section 537.6 and DIN VDE 558-507:2008-12 Section 3.10. For these rooms, an automatic transfer switching device (ATSE) with safe separation must be used in accordance with the standard specified here.3) The power loss is high for AC and DC voltage due to the multiple number of inverters and rectifiers for both voltages in normal and safety operation. 4) The AC voltage is switched over via electronic switching devices, which does not comply with the requirements and regulations for medical power switchgear with three switch positions and an additional "off" switch position. There is no reliable isolation because semiconductor components are used (also specified in the normative DIN VDE 0100-710, Section 537.6, and DIN VDE 558-507, Section 3.10). 5) If a device needs to be replaced, the emergency power supply (BSP) must be switched off. There is no external bypass for 230 V bypassing the emergency power supply (BSP) system. 6) The use of toroidal transformers is disadvantageous because of the increased risks and system costs associated with their high inrush current.7) The output power of 2.5 kVA for AC voltage and 200 watts per outlet for DC voltage cannot be expanded. 8) The double electrical and mechanical interlocking of the switching devices of the switchgear is missing, which creates an additional risk of possible faulty switching. 9) The IT transformer is not monitored for overload and overtemperature (mandatory for operation in operating rooms, application group 2 according to DIN VDE 0100-710 / IEC 60364-7-710). 10) The automatic transfer switching device (ATSD), standard term: ATSD, is designed for uninterrupted transfer. A type ATSD transfer switching device does not meet the criteria for a switchgear for medical areas as defined by DIN VDE 0100-710 (cf. DIN VDE 558-507 Section 3.10 in Section 536), which are used for reliable isolation. In DIN VDE 0100-537:2018-06, reliable separation is described as follows: "...that semiconductors must not be used for separation..." (cf. DIN VDE 0100-530 point 537.2.2.).
[0005] To ensure high availability and operational reliability of the electrical power supply and to prevent electric shock to patients, an ungrounded power system, also known as an isolated system (Isole Terre - IT) or IT system, is used for AC devices. In this type of power system, the active parts of the IT system are separated from earth potential—isolated from earth—or connected to earth via a high-resistance impedance. The exposed conductive parts (conductive housings) of the loads connected to the IT system are individually or collectively connected to earth potential (grounded) via a protective conductor.In the event of a power failure, switchover is carried out via medical network switching in accordance with the standards DIN VDE 0100-710:2012-10 / IEC 60364-7-710:2021-05 and DIN VDE 0100-534:2016-10 / IEC 60364-5-53:2019-02 and DIN VDE 0100-540:2012-06 / IEC 60364-5-54:2011-03 with robust switch-disconnector contacts with reliable separation, mechanical and electrical interlocking and monitoring of the switch position as well as a switchover time of less than or equal to 0.5 seconds (class 0.5) via the "Off" switch position.
[0006] The operating lights are operated with protective extra-low voltage. The battery capacity is project-specifically designed based on the required operating time of the operating lights. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for use in IT applications do not comply with the regulations for medical systems and are not permitted in doctor's offices or medical care centers.
[0007] In accordance with the current state of the art, separate and independent battery-supported power supplies (BSV) (230 V AC) with a mains connection and independent battery and rectifier system, mains switching via a battery system, and additional bypass switches for maintenance purposes are used in doctor's offices and medical care centers to reliably supply surgical equipment with 230 V AC. The components of the battery-supported power supply (BSV) (1) (230 V AC) for AC voltage each have a separate battery and bypass switch for maintenance and are housed in a separate housing.
[0008] Operating lights in doctor's offices are currently powered by a standalone 24 V DC battery power supply using PELV (Protective Extra Low Voltage). This standalone BSV (24 V DC) battery power supply for DC voltage includes a rectifier, battery, and DC-DC converter for each operating light to adjust the battery voltage to the operating light's operating voltage and to compensate for the voltage drop on the supply lines. If the power supply fails at the mains connection, the battery is discharged. All components of the BSV (24 V DC) battery power supply for DC voltage are housed in a standalone housing. The disadvantage of this design is the large amount of space required for two separate BSV systems, each with its own battery system.
[0009] ESA Elektroschaltanlagen Grimma GmbH has developed a solution of this kind, using two separate systems for supplying AC and DC voltage to medical practices. In one system, the sockets are supplied via a battery-supported power supply BSV (1) (230 V AC) for AC voltage, and a second system supplies the operating lights via a battery-supported power supply BSV (24 V DC) for DC voltage in accordance with the state of the art. In principle, two separate feed lines can exist in accordance with recognized engineering principles (DIN VDE 0558-507:2008-12). Unlike the illustration, a single feed line via a mains connection for the battery-supported power supply BSV (1) (230 V AC) for AC voltage complies with the standard. With two feed lines, there is an alternative feed line and a preferred feed line.The decisive factor is the requirement of two separate battery systems, each with a rectifier and battery. The connected batteries are charged via rectifiers when the mains voltage is present. If the voltage at the rectifier input fails, the battery is discharged. The battery voltage is converted to AC voltage via an inverter and switched to an IT mains transformer via a medical mains switch.
[0010] The disadvantages of the current state of the art technology for use in doctor’s offices and medical care centers are: High space and cost requirements for both systems, each with its own separate battery and rectifier system, no redundancy of the entire power supply, in the event of device malfunctions, interruption of operation is necessary to rectify them, high expenditure for project-specific extensions of the systems when higher performance is required.
[0011] Furthermore, an AC / DC emergency power system for buildings is known from DE 10 2011 009 457 A1. During normal operation, a single bidirectional inverter supplies a connected DC network. In the event of a power failure, the inverter can be operated in reverse with the help of the battery system to supply AC consumers. This technical solution appears to be practical for normal buildings, but has serious disadvantages for use in doctor's offices and medical care centers: There is no mechanical and / or electrical locking of the switches, which could lead to errors during switching. For example, an incorrect switching sequence could cause short circuits. The system described cannot be operated by laypeople, i.e. if a component fails, a qualified electrician must be called in in any case. Unlike hospitals or larger buildings, this qualified electrician is not permanently on site. There is no redundancy of the individual operationally important system components such as rectifiers, inverters and converters. This state of the art is limited to a single DC supply system or voltage level and for this reason does not provide a supply for different DC consumers, e.g. 5 V, 24 V, 60 V. This means that the cable lengths are also limited based on the voltage drop.There is no continuous monitoring of critical system components such as rectifiers, batteries, inverters, and converters. There is no continuous monitoring of AC and DC loads for errors and warnings. There are no comprehensive bypass circuits that allow individual DC system components, such as battery systems or converters, to be shut down for maintenance purposes. There is no option for feeding power from an additional DC voltage source, e.g., a solar system that can also feed the battery system via a bidirectional converter in the event of a prolonged power outage.
[0012] Furthermore, RSV-Ruhstadt (source: Elektropraktiker (2006) 12 pages 10-20) has developed space-saving battery-supported power supply systems (BSV) for supplying DC voltage to operating room lights and AC voltage sockets for hospitals, doctor's offices, and medical care centers (MVZ). These systems consist of a central grid connection and a battery system consisting of a first rectifier, a battery, an inverter, and an electronic switching device (referred to as EUE or ATSD). These supply the sockets with AC voltage via an inverter via an IT network formed by a toroidal transformer, and the operating room lights with DC voltage via a second rectifier.
[0013] According to the product information from RSV-Ruhstrat Stromversorgungen GmbH, the BSV device for supplying power to doctor's offices and medical care centers consists of a mains connection and a battery system with a rectifier and inverter and an electronic switching device (EUE / ATSD) for switching in the event of a mains connection failure. The battery is connected to the mains connection via a rectifier and to a first contact of the electronic switching device via an inverter. The mains connection is also directly connected to the second contact of the electronic switching device, and both contacts of the electronic switching device are connected in parallel on the output side and supply an outgoing line. The outgoing line is connected on the one hand to the IT network toroidal transformer for powering the sockets and on the other hand via additional rectifiers that supply low voltage for the operating lights.The electronic switching device always gives priority to line 1, so that the downstream toroidal transformer is supplied via rectifiers and inverters, and the operating lights are supplied via these and additional rectifiers. During normal, undisturbed operation, the entire power supply is supplied via line 1. When the power supply switchover is activated at low voltage on line 1, the switchover from line 1 to line 2 occurs via voltage monitors via the electronic switchover devices of the electronic switchover device, directly via their switching states (conductive or non-conductive), and without mechanical locking of the switching states of both electronic switchover devices.
[0014] There is therefore a need for a battery-supported power supply system (BSV) for medical facilities, particularly for doctor's offices and medical care centers (MVZ), in compliance with the requirement of DIN VDE 0100-710 .560: "The power supply for safety purposes must automatically resume operation if the voltage of one or more active conductors at the main distribution board of the building's general power supply drops to less than 90% of the nominal voltage." For this purpose, the battery-supported power supply system has the following tasks: > Priority operation via mains connection and general power supply AV as well as safety operation via safety power supply SV via battery system, > Standards-compliant design in accordance with the applicable standards for hospitals, > Minimal power loss of the entire BSV with standards-compliant medical mains switching according to DIN EN 60947-6-1:2014-09 with the following requirements: medical mains switching with three-stage safety-related switching via "OFF", electrical and mechanical interlocking of the switching devices of the medical mains switching, short-circuit-proof switching contacts, manual and automatic switching, > Modular design for easy maintenance and expansion of the entire system on site if required, e.g. if the operating room lights need to be switched on for a longer period of time, > High operational reliability, e.g. replacing defective devices during operation without switching off and without interrupting operation, > Fail-safe operation without interrupting operation, i.e.i.e. simple expansion on site if required without project-specific changes to the existing system, > 1-fault safety of the entire system, consisting of BSV and switching device and IT network, > combination of 230 V AC BSV system, 24 V DC BSV system, switching device for medical areas, insulation monitoring, > individual circuit fault location for each 230 V outgoing circuit and each 24 V DC outgoing circuit, if an insulation fault occurs in the system, the defective outgoing circuit is detected and reported, > standard-compliant battery system for 230 V AC and 24 V DC consumers.
[0015] In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a device for supplying power to devices in medical facilities and to specify a corresponding method for supplying power to devices in medical facilities which overcomes these disadvantages.
[0016] This object is achieved in a first aspect of the present invention by a device for battery-assisted power supply of devices with alternating voltage AC and direct voltage DC for medical facilities, comprising a battery system (46) comprising an AC / DC rectifier (49) connected to a mains connection (6) and having on the output side a battery (18) connected via a safety power supply SV (22), sockets (15) with alternating voltage AC, which are connected to the safety power supply SV (22) via an IT network (7) formed with an isolating transformer (5), a second load-break switch (40) of the medical network switch (12) and an inverter (9), operating lights (14) with direct voltage DC, which are each connected to the safety power supply SV (22) via a converter (11), a safety power supply SV (22) which is connected to at least one extension battery (30), wherein, in parallel, the mains connection (6) is connected via a general power supply AV (21) to a first load-break switch (39) of the medical network switchover (12) and the safety power supply SV (22) is connected via inverter (9), electronic bypass (19), manual bypass (35) to a second load-break switch (40) of the medical network switchover (12), so that the medical network switchover (12) is connected to an isolating transformer (5) and alternating voltage for the sockets (15) in the IT network (7) can be generated in the BSV basic distributor (24).
[0017] The medical facilities are, in particular, Group 2 medical facilities with the normative definition of Group 2 rooms according to DIN VDE 0100-710:2012-10. The definition of Group 2 according to section 710.3.7 is: "Medical areas in which applied parts are used for the following: - intracardiac procedures or - vital treatments and surgical operations where an interruption (fault) in the power supply can endanger life."
[0018] In the context of the present invention, the term "operating lights (14)" represents a typical example of DC loads (direct current loads) and does not limit the invention to them. Other typical DC loads include operating table controls, communication devices such as intercom systems or charging stations for DECT telephones, and charging stations for operating equipment such as drills.
[0019] A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention for battery-supported power supply provides that, in order to ensure redundancy and avoid operational disruptions, the manual bypass (35) for the complete electrical isolation of the IT network (7) from the battery system (46) for maintenance purposes is arranged in the IT system distributor (54).
[0020] To avoid complete operational disruptions, it has proven advantageous if all circuits are equipped with a separate fuse and switching element (56), whereby in the event of a fault, such as a short circuit in one circuit, only this circuit is disturbed and the others remain undisturbed.
[0021] It has also proven advantageous to avoid operational disruptions if all circuits with DC voltage, separate insulation monitoring (8) and monitoring device (57) can be permanently monitored via a message.
[0022] In another development, the device according to the invention can be secured against incorrect operation by mechanical and / or electronic interlocks to avoid operational disruptions due to incorrect operation of the switching devices, such as the medical network switch (12), the manual bypass (35), the electronic bypass, all switching devices that can be operated by laypersons.
[0023] In order to avoid operational disruptions due to age-related wear, it is preferred according to the invention if all operationally important system components, electronic switching device EUE (4), inverter (9), rectifier (49), battery (18), converter (11) can be permanently monitored by integrated monitoring devices and reporting.
[0024] It has also been found to be advantageous if the battery system (46) contains racks for equipping with converters (11) of different output voltage levels and these are each connected to extension racks converters (62) and / or safety racks converters (63), so that in the event of a device fault there is a redundancy n+1.
[0025] In one embodiment of the invention, the AC / DC rectifiers (49) and / or the DC / AC inverters (9) and / or the DC / DC converters (11) can be designed as tool-free plug-in units. This ensures that, in the event of a malfunction during operation, these components can be replaced by non-electrical personnel without interrupting operation.
[0026] In a further development of this special embodiment, it is provided that at least one converter (11) can be used bi-directionally and that an additional DC voltage source can be connected via this converter, which ensures sufficient charging of the battery (18) in the event that the consumers (14) and the sockets (15) are supplied via the battery.
[0027] In a further development of the device according to the invention, at least one extension rack rectifier (32) and / or at least one safety rack rectifier (34) is connected between the mains connection (6) and the safety power supply SV (22) of the battery system (46) and / or at least one extension rack inverter (31) and / or at least one safety rack inverter (33) is connected between the safety power supply SV (22) and the output inverter (9) of the battery system (46).
[0028] A preferred embodiment provides that a manual bypass (35) is connected between the second load-break switch (40) of the medical network switch (12) and the general power supply AV (21), and a further input of the same is connected to an electronic bypass (19) which is connected on the input side to the general power supply AV (21) and via inverter (9) to the safety power supply SV (22).
[0029] Another development of the device according to the invention provides that the battery system (46) contains racks for equipping rectifiers (49) and inverters (9) and these are connected to extension racks rectifiers (32), extension racks inverters (31), safety racks rectifiers (34) and safety racks inverters (33), so that in the event of a device fault there is a redundancy n+1.
[0030] The above-mentioned object is achieved in a second aspect of the present invention by a method for battery-assisted power supply of devices with alternating voltage AC and direct voltage DC for medical facilities, comprising the steps a) in the case of an undisturbed mains connection (6), voltage supply preferably via mains connection (6), which for sockets (15) with alternating voltage is carried out via the general power supply AV (21), the first load-break switch (39) of the medical mains switch (12) and the isolating transformer (5) in the IT network and / or which for operating lights (14) with direct voltage is carried out via a rectifier (49), battery (18), the emergency power supply SV (22) and the DC / DC converter (11), b) in the case of a disturbed mains connection (6), voltage supply via discharging the battery (18) and the emergency power supply SV (22), which for sockets (15) with alternating voltage is carried out via the DC / AC inverter (9), the second load-break switch (40) of the medical mains switch (12) and the isolating transformer (5) in the IT network, and / or which for operating lights (14) with direct voltage is carried out via the DC / DC converter (11) to adapt the direct voltage.
[0031] The medical facilities here are also in particular Group 2 medical facilities, as defined above.
[0032] A further development of the method according to the invention provides that operating lights (14) are supplied with current or voltage with direct voltage via the safety power supply SV (22) and converter (11) in the case of an undisturbed and disturbed mains connection (6).
[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, sockets (15) are supplied with alternating voltage in the event of a faulty mains connection (6) via a manual bypass (35) and / or an electronic bypass (19) via the second load-break switch (40) of the medical mains switch (12) and isolating transformer (5).
[0034] Another development of the method according to the invention relates to the fact that in the event of a fault in the mains connection (6) via an electronic bypass (19), the voltage supply for sockets automatically switches from the mains connection (6) to the battery system (46).
[0035] A further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that in at least one pre-wired reserve space (rack) (32, 34, 31, 33) additional or fault-free AC / DC rectifiers (9) and / or inverters (9) are plugged in for expansions and safety in the event of device malfunctions by means of tool-free replacement of the rectifiers (49) and / or the inverters (9) during operation without interrupting operation.
[0036] The method according to the invention can preferably further provide insulation monitoring (8) for each circuit and each socket (15) as well as the operating lights (14).
[0037] The method according to the invention can preferably further provide an additional energy supply via a bidirectionally usable converter (11) by means of a DC voltage source connected to the converter, which ensures the voltage supply as an alternative to the battery (18). This voltage supply can be operated alone or in combination with the battery (18).
[0038] Finally, another development of the method according to the invention relates to the provision of electronic monitoring of all fuse elements for the battery system (46) as well as notification to the user when a fuse is triggered via signal contacts and / or digital messages.
[0039] Further objects, features, advantages, and possible applications will become apparent from the following description of non-limiting embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the figures. All described and / or illustrated features, individually or in any combination, constitute the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their references. They show: Fig. 1: a block diagram of a power supply for therapy devices and operating lights in hospitals according to the state of the art (source: ESA Grimma), Fig. 2: a block diagram of a battery-supported power supply for therapy devices and operating lights in a doctor's office according to the state of the art, Fig. 3: a block diagram of a battery-supported power supply BSV (1) for therapy devices and operating lights in a doctor's office with a battery according to the state of the art (source: RSV-Ruhstadt), Fig. 4: a block diagram of the inventive battery-supported power supply BSV (1) for therapy devices and operating lights in a doctor's office and MVZ according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention Fig. 4adas in Fig. 4shown block diagram of the battery-supported power supply BSV (1) according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, Fig. 5: an extended block diagram of the battery-supported power supply BSV (1) according to the invention for therapy devices and operating lights in doctor's offices and MVZs with all protective functions and Fig. 5adas in Fig. 5 shown block diagram of the battery-supported power supply BSV (1) according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.
[0040] A particularly preferred embodiment, which does not limit the present invention, relates to a device for the safe power supply of devices in medical facilities, which device comprises a battery system with a battery system for 230 V AC and 24 V DC consumers, a switching device (ATSE) and an IT network.
[0041] For Group 2 rooms in medical facilities, two independent power supplies for the transfer switch with a downstream IT network are mandatory. In hospitals, this is achieved through two independent 20 kV power supplies or through a 20 kV power supply and an emergency power generator. The present invention, however, provides the emergency power supply itself using a battery system. Many doctor's offices, outpatient surgeons, ophthalmologists, etc., only have the standard general power supply, as provided in buildings such as apartment buildings.
[0042] The present device according to the invention was developed for this target group, which ensures the same level of safety as in a clinic, but provides for a different implementation: a safe separation of the general power supply (AV) and emergency power supply (SV) networks by means of a switching device (ATSE) with load break switches, active monitoring of all possible error sources, resulting in a 1-fault safe structure of the switching device with IT network and battery system, which must be detected and reported at the same time, active insulation monitoring (8) of all connected consumers 230 V AC and 24 V DC.
[0043] The "1-fault" design means that an error of any kind does not lead to system failure or a dangerous situation for the patient or the person being treated.
[0044] The same reference symbols designate the same elements in the figures, but for reasons of clarity not all reference symbols are given in all figures.
[0045] In Figure 1The basic power supply for a hospital is shown in accordance with the state of the art, with sockets and operating lights for operating rooms in application group 2 in accordance with current safety requirements. According to the DIN VDE 0100-710 standard, medical rooms with different requirements are divided into three categories. For rooms in application group 2, a continuous power supply from the low-voltage system is required for invasive medical operations in order to avoid life-threatening risks for the patient in the event of a device failure. For this purpose, in addition to the general power supply AV (21) with connection to the public grid (6), a safe power supply SV (22), for example with a generator G (17), is required. In normal operation, the general power supply AV (21) and the safe power supply SV (22) are connected via a tie switch AV+SV (not shown).In the event of a fault in the public grid, the interface switch AV+SV is automatically opened and the feed-in of the secure power supply SV (22), for example via a generator, is restored within 15 seconds. During this time, the 230 V AC consumers are not supplied with power. In the event of a fault in the secure power supply SV (22), an automatic grid changeover device ATSE (12) switches from the secure power supply SV (22) to the general power supply AV (21). An isolating transformer (5) generates an IT network (7) with alternating voltage for the sockets (15), and a rectifier (10) and battery (41) generate the direct voltage (28) for the operating room lights (14). The operating room lights (14) must not be interrupted at any time. In the event of a failure of the general power supply (21), the operating room lights (14) are supplied by the battery system for direct voltage DC (45).The supply period depends largely on the dimensioning of the batteries (41) and the power of the operating lights (14). The additionally required insulation monitoring (8) is not shown.
[0046] Figure 2shows the basic power supply for a doctor's office in accordance with the current state of the art with the same safety requirements as for a hospital. In addition to the general power supply AV (21) with connection to the public grid (6), a first battery-supported power supply BSV (1) 230 V with rectifier (10), battery (41) and inverter (9) with automatic mains switching ATSE (12) for alternating current for the sockets (15) is connected and a second battery-supported power supply BSV (2) 24 V with rectifier (43) and battery (42) for direct current (28) for the operating lights (14) is provided instead of the generator. The additionally required insulation monitoring (8) is not shown.
[0047] Figure 2demonstrates the structure of a battery-supported power supply BSV (1) 230 V AC for sockets with alternating current and the structure of a battery-supported power supply BSV (2) 24 V DC for operating lights with direct current according to the state of the art without details about the additionally required protection and monitoring devices, such as insulation monitoring, fuses and circuit breakers. In principle, two separate feed lines can exist according to the recognized rules of technology (DIN VDE 0558-507). Deviating from the illustration, a single feed line via mains connection (6) for the battery-supported power supply BSV (1) (230 V AC) for alternating current conforms to the standard. With two feed lines, there is an alternative feed line and a preferred feed line. The preferred feed line is usually connected to the rectifier of the battery system for alternating current (44) via a switching element.The rectifier (10) charges the connected batteries (41). If the voltage at the input of the rectifier (10) fails, the battery (41) is discharged. The voltage of the battery (41) is converted to an alternating voltage via an inverter (9). The output of the inverter (9) is connected to the medical network switch (12) via the emergency power supply SV and the general power supply AV.
[0048] The second battery-supported power supply (BSV) (24 V DC) for the operating room lights is designed according to the current state of the art. In the same way, up to two supply lines can be installed according to recognized standards of technology. Figure 2A feed line is provided via a mains connection (6), which, if necessary, feeds a rectifier (43) via a separate isolating transformer. The rectifier (43) charges the connected second batteries (42). If the voltage at the input of the rectifier (43) fails, the second battery (42) is discharged. The voltage of the second battery (42) is converted to the respective operating voltage of the operating light via an adjustable DC / DC converter (51). The output of the adjustable DC / DC converter (51) subsequently feeds an operating light (14).
[0049] Figure 3shows the basic block diagram for a power supply for doctor's offices according to the product information from RSV-Ruhstrat, type R-BSV Ultimate-Kombi, in a space-saving design with one battery (18) and uninterruptible switching by means of an electronic switching device EUE (4) via electronic changeover switches (13). A characteristic feature is that the preferred feed-in is supplied via the first line (36) from the emergency power supply of the battery system (46), and the general power supply is supplied via the second line (37) via the mains connection (6) when the mains connection (6) is undisturbed. In the event of a fault in the preferred feed-in, the power supply is supplied via a static bypass, which is designed as an electronic switching device EUE (4) and is internationally known as ATSD (Automatic Transfer-Switching-Device).
[0050] The electronic switching device EUE (4) has a first electronic switch (13) which is connected to the output of a DC / AC inverter (9) of the battery system (46), and a second electronic switch (47) which is connected to the mains connection (6). The battery system (46) consists of a first AC / DC rectifier (10), a battery (18) and a DC / AC inverter (9) for the power supply via the first line (36) and, in parallel thereto, a second line (37) between the mains connection (6) and the second electronic switch (47) of the electronic switching device EUE (4). The outputs of the electronic switching device UEU (4) are connected in parallel and, via a toroidal transformer (27), supply an IT network (7) with 230 V AC alternating voltage for sockets (15) and, via a second rectifier (50), with DC voltage for operating lights (14).
[0051] Figure 4shows the block diagram for a secure power supply for doctor's offices and MVZ according to the present invention with a mains connection (6) and a battery system (46) in modular design of the power and control, consisting of a BSV basic distributor (24) and a BSV extension distributor (25).
[0052] The BSV basic distribution board (24) essentially consists of the medical switching device (12) with control and monitoring device (29) and the first load-break switch (39) and second load-break switch (40), which ensure reliable disconnection, as well as the IT network transformer (5) and the battery system (46). A manual bypass (35) allows the battery system (46) to be completely bypassed for maintenance purposes. The battery system (46) consists of three-phase, modular rectifier modules (49), a redundant rectifier module (32), and two reserve slots (34) for additional rectifier modules. The rectifier modules (49) supply the safety power supply (22), which is protected by the battery (18) and can be expanded with an additional battery (30) in an expansion cabinet (25) as required.The emergency power supply supplies the inverter (9) for the 230 V AC loads (15) and the DC / DC converters (11) for the operating room lights (14). The rectifier and inverter can be bypassed without interruption via an internal (static) bypass with an automatic transfer switch (ATSD) (19).
[0053] It is characteristic that the preferred feed-in from the general power supply AV (21) is via the mains connection (6) and the safety power supply SV (22) from the battery system (46) in accordance with the standard 0100-710 / IEC 60364-7-710.
[0054] The rectifier modules (32) are designed as an n+1 system. This means that if one rectifier fails, the entire system availability is still guaranteed. The fault in a rectifier module (49) is detected and reported.
[0055] The inverter (9), as well as the expansion rack inverter (31), and the safety rack inverter (33), are connected to the second load-break switch (40) via the static bypass of the BSV (19). Furthermore, the mains connection (6) is connected to the manual bypass (35) of the BSV, so that the AC voltage supply can be switched over via the manual bypass (35) of the BSV in the event of a battery system failure or for maintenance purposes.
[0056] The medical mains switch (12) automatically switches between the general power supply AV (21) and the safety power supply SV (22) depending on the voltage in accordance with hospital regulations. When the mains connection (6) is fault-free, operation takes place via the internal bypass (19) to the manual bypass (35) and then to the second line (37), so that the isolating transformer (5), the IT network (7) and the socket (15) are supplied with AC voltage directly from the mains connection (6) and only in the event of a power failure are they supplied from the safety power supply (22) via the inverter (9). In normal operation, the safety power supply SV (22) is supplied with DC voltage from the rectifiers (49), and the DC / DC converter (11) is used to adapt the DC voltage to the operating voltage for supplying the operating lights (14).
[0057] In the event of a fault on the internal bypass (19), the second load-break switch (40) is first switched off via the control of the medical network switchover (29) and the first load-break switch (39) is automatically switched on within 500 ms via the "Off" switch position in an electrical and mechanical interlock not shown.
[0058] All safety-relevant devices are actively monitored. This includes, among other things, all fuse elements, switches (39, 40), voltages (6, 36, 37), rectifiers and inverters (9, 49), control units (12), IT network transformer (5), displays, and communication modules. In the event of a failure / malfunction, the source of the error is identified, and the system is automatically restored to a safe state. The system status is diagnosed and immediately communicated to the user. The entire system, consisting of the BSV basic distribution board (24), medical switching device (12), IT network (7), and battery system (46), is designed with a single-fault safety protocol. If a fault occurs, the system can continue to operate safely. This allows ongoing operations or treatments to be completed without endangering the safety of the patient or the person providing treatment. Targeted diagnostics significantly reduce the time required to troubleshoot problems.This leads to a quick and targeted repair option.
[0059] The monitoring devices required for safety reasons, such as insulation monitoring (8) and fuses, are not shown.
[0060] To increase safety and availability, reserve space for rectifiers is provided in the form of expansion racks for rectifiers (32). These can be used, for example, to increase the power due to an extended operating light burn time from 1 hour to 3 hours and to connect a separate BSV expansion distributor (25) for the on-site connection of an expansion battery (30). The rectifier AC / DC module consists of a base rack and modular plug-in units, as well as an additional single-pole safety rack inverter (33). The safety rack inverter (33) is already wired and thus provides the connection to voltage, current and communication lines. The complete electronics and communication modules are located in the plug-in module. These modules can be replaced by laypersons without tools. The parameters are set using internal logic processing.If an electronic component fails during operation, an equivalent component can be quickly inserted, thus avoiding shutdowns and interruptions to operations as well as endangering the patient and the person treating them.
[0061] A display unit is installed in the door of the BSV system (24). This provides information about the current status of the BSV system. During normal operation, the current flow, power, and status are displayed. When the first error occurs, the status changes to yellow, and a warning message appears on the display. In the event of a system malfunction, the status changes to red, and an error message appears on the display.
[0062] In Figure 4a is an advantageous further training of the Figure 4shown as a block diagram of a safe power supply according to the present invention. This further development essentially additionally features the monitoring device 57. This monitoring device 57 monitors all relevant components of the system, reports in the event of a fault, and takes emergency measures such as switching to reserve components.
[0063] Figure 5shows the schematic structure of a three-phase battery-supported power supply system BSV 230 V AC / 24 V DC according to the invention for three-phase connection in a decentralized design with individual switch cabinets for the battery-supported power supply BSV (1) 230 V AC and battery-supported power supply BSV (2) 24 V DC in the basic design without sockets and operating lights and without extension racks and without safety racks with the necessary fuse elements (59) and monitoring devices (57), wherein a reduction or increase of individual devices such as rectifiers, inverters and fuse and switching devices as well as monitoring devices does not affect the functional principle of the overall construction to be protected.
[0064] In Figure 5 For example, three control cabinets or housings are shown. Figure 5The house connection box (52). This is usually provided on site and is connected to the mains connection (6) via its feed line and equipped with the necessary safety elements (56). This device is standard in every building. Examples are shown in the Figure 5 two DC / DC converters (11). Measures are necessary to ensure that a malfunction of one system component, e.g., the inverter (9), does not affect the other system component, e.g., the DC / DC converter (11). For these measures, the fuse and switching elements (56, 59) are arranged according to the arrangement in Figure 5necessary. An extension of the system with additional DC / DC converters (11) or inverters (9) or a deviation from the arrangement is also possible. These fuse and switching elements prevent an unacceptable voltage drop for the parallel-connected elements for a duration t ≥ 0.5 s, for example due to a short circuit. Furthermore, the normative requirements stipulate that a separate and manually switchable manual bypass switch (35) must be available in an external housing. As part of the space optimization, this external manual bypass switch (35), which is required by the norm for complete isolation of the BSV, is integrated in the battery-supported power supply BSV (1) 230 V AC, which means that the additional distribution cabinet is no longer necessary.Furthermore, by assigning a battery-supported power supply BSV (2) 24 V DC to a battery-supported power supply BSV (1) 230 V AC, while controlling the short-circuit and overload conditions in the output cable of the inverter, the outgoing fuse at the output of the inverter can be dispensed with if the combination of these two distributors is placed in a row next to each other.
[0065] In Figure 5a is an advantageous further training of the Figure 5 shown as a block diagram of a safe power supply according to the present invention. The essential addition according to the invention here relates to the expansion rack converter 62 and the safety rack converter 63. Likewise, a converter is shown as a feed-in via another DC voltage supply (64), e.g., a solar power system (PV system). List of reference symbols
[0066] 1Battery-supported power supply BSV 230 V AC 2Battery-supported power supply BSV 24 V DC 3Battery-supported power supply system BSV 230 V AC / 24 V DC 4Electronic switching device EUE 5Isolating transformer 6Mains connection 7IT network 8Insulation monitoring 9DC / AC inverter 10First AC / DC rectifier 11DC / DC converter 12Medical network switchover 13First electronic switchover 14Operating lights 15Sockets 16Preferred feed-in 17Generator 18Battery 19Electronic bypass 20Bypass 21General power supply AV 22Safety power supply SV 23Operating room application group 2 24BSV basic distribution board 25BSV extension distribution board 26Potentiometer 27Toroidal transformer 28DC network 29Medical control system Grid switching 30Extension battery 31Extension rack inverter 32Extension rack rectifier 33Safety rack inverter 34Safety rack rectifier 35Manual bypass 36First line 37Second line 38Voltage monitor 39FirstLoad break switch 40 Second load break switch 41 First battery 42 Second battery 43 Second AC / DC rectifier 44 Battery system for AC voltage 45 Battery system for DC voltage 46 Battery system 47 Second electronic changeover switch 48 Rack 49 AC / DC rectifier 50 Second rectifier 51 Second DC / DC converter 52 House connection box 53 Feed-in line 54 IT system distributor 55 BSV distributor 56 Fuse and switching element 57 Monitoring device 58 Earth 59 Fuse element 60 Deep discharge protection 61 IT system distributor 62 Extension rack converter 63 Safety rack converter 64 Additional DC voltage supply
Claims
1. A device for battery-assisted power supply of devices with alternating voltage AC and direct voltage DC for medical facilities, comprising - a battery system (46) consisting of an AC / DC rectifier (49) which is connected to a mains connection (6) and has a battery (18) connected to the emergency power supply SV (22) on the output side, - sockets (15) with alternating voltage AC, which are connected to the emergency power supply SV (22) via an IT network (7) formed with an isolating transformer (5), a second load-break switch (40) of the medical network switch (12) and an inverter (9), - operating lights (14) with direct voltage DC, which are each connected to the emergency power supply SV (22) via converters (11), - emergency power supply SV (22) which is connected to at least one extension battery (30),wherein, in parallel, the mains connection (6) is connected via a general power supply AV (21) to a first load-break switch (39) of the medical network switchover (12) and the safety power supply SV (22) is connected via inverter (9), electronic bypass (19), manual bypass (35) to a second load-break switch (40) of the medical network switchover (12), so that the medical network switchover (12) is connected to an isolating transformer (5) and alternating voltage for the sockets (15) in the IT network (7) can be generated in the BSV basic distributor (24).
2. Device according to claim 1, wherein, to ensure redundancy and avoid operational disruptions, the manual bypass (35) for completely electrically isolating the IT network (7) from the battery system (46) for maintenance purposes is arranged in the IT system distributor (54).
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in order to avoid complete operational disturbances, all circuits are equipped with a separate fuse and switching element (56), whereby in the event of a disturbance, such as a short circuit in one circuit, only this circuit is disturbed and the others remain undisturbed.
4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in order to avoid operational disturbances all circuits with direct voltage DC separate insulation monitoring (8) and monitoring device (57) can be permanently monitored via message.
5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, in order to avoid operational malfunctions due to incorrect operation of the switching devices, such as the medical network switch (12), the manual bypass (35), the electronic bypass, all switching devices operable by laypersons are secured against incorrect operation by mechanical and / or electronic interlocks.
6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, in order to avoid operational disruptions due to age-related wear, all operationally important system components, electronic switching device EUE (4), inverter (9), rectifier (49), battery (18), converter (11) can be permanently monitored by integrated monitoring devices and reporting.
7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the battery system (46) contains racks for equipping with converters (11) of different output voltage levels and these are each connected to extension racks converters (62) and / or safety racks converters (63), so that in the event of a device fault there is a redundancy n+1.
8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the AC / DC rectifiers (49) and / or the DC / AC inverters (9) and / or the DC / DC converters (11) are designed as tool-free plug-in devices.
9. Device according to claim 8, wherein at least one converter (11) can be used bi-directionally and an additional DC voltage source can be connected via this converter, which ensures sufficient charging of the battery (18) in the case of supply of the consumers (14) and the sockets (15) via the battery.
10. A method for battery-assisted power supply of devices with alternating voltage AC and direct voltage DC for medical facilities, comprising the steps a) in the case of an undisturbed mains connection (6), voltage supply preferably via the mains connection (6), which for sockets (15) with alternating voltage is carried out via the general power supply AV (21), the first load-break switch (39) of the medical network switchover (12) and the isolating transformer (5) in the IT network and / or which for operating lights (14) with direct voltage is carried out via the rectifier (49), the battery (18), the emergency power supply SV (22) and the DC / DC converter (11), b) in the case of a faulty mains connection (6), voltage supply via discharging the battery (18) and the emergency power supply SV (22), which for sockets (15) with alternating voltage is carried out via the DC / AC inverter (9), the second load-break switch (40) of the medical network switchover (12) and the isolating transformer (5) in the IT network,and / or which is used for operating lights (14) with direct voltage via DC / DC converters (11) to adjust the direct voltage.
11. Method according to claim 10, wherein operating lights (14) are supplied with direct current or voltage via the safety power supply SV (22) and converter (11) in the case of an undisturbed and a disturbed mains connection (6).
12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein sockets (15) are supplied with alternating voltage in the event of a faulty mains connection (6) via a manual bypass (35) and / or an electronic bypass (19) via the second load break switch (40) of the medical mains switch (12) and isolating transformer (5).
13. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein in the event of a fault in the mains connection (6) via electronic bypass (19) the voltage supply for sockets automatically switches from the mains connection (6) to the battery system (46).
14. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein in at least one pre-wired reserve location (32, 34, 31, 33) additional or fault-free AC / DC rectifiers (9) and / or inverters (9) are plugged in for extensions and safety in the event of device malfunction by means of tool-free replacement of the rectifiers (49) and / or the inverters (9) during operation without interrupting operation.
15. The method according to any one of claims 105 to 14, further comprising insulation monitoring for each circuit and each socket (15) as well as the operating lights (14).