A heating stove made of fireclay bricks in a metal casing with an arched vault

Abstract

This utility model relates to domestic solid fuel stoves and can be used for heating residential and non-residential premises, as well as for cooking. The technical result is that the wedge-shaped bricks of the stove's arched vault have a trapezoidal cross-section, allowing them to be interlocked to form a self-supporting vault without the use of mortar, thereby eliminating the need for mortar in the joints between adjacent bricks. This increases the stove's service life, simplifies its installation, repair, and maintenance, and allows for repeated assembly and disassembly, thereby implementing the modular design principle of the heating stove. Taken together, these features improve the stove's performance.The technical result is achieved by a heating stove made of fireclay bricks in a metal casing with an arched vault, distinguished by the bricks being laid using a dry-laying method, with the bricks of the arched vault being wedge-shaped with a trapezoidal cross-section. 4 ref. f-ly, 1 fig.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to household stoves for solid fuel and can be used for heating residential and non-residential premises, as well as cooking.

[0002] A brick heating stove in a rectangular steel casing is known under Russian patent for utility model No. 212841 (priority date 12 / 10 / 2021, publication date 08 / 11 / 2022), characterized in that between the steel casing and the stove wall, slabs with low thermal conductivity of varying thicknesses are installed depending on the heating of the brick wall.

[0003] It is known that fireclay wedge-shaped (wedge-shaped) brick is used as a specialized refractory product with a trapezoidal cross-section, intended for laying curvilinear structures: arches, vaults and domes of furnaces, fireplaces and tandoors. Its shape allows for the creation of perfectly smooth roundings with a minimum seam thickness, which ensures maximum strength and tightness of the entire structure (Electronic resource: website "BRICK AT HOME" / / Fireclay wedge brick / / URL: https: / / kirpichnadom.ru / kirpich / pechnoj / shamotnyj-ogneupornyj / kirpich-shamotnyj-klinovoj (date of access 04 / 29 / 2026)) The laying of fireclay wedge brick is carried out on special refractory cements, glue, refractory masonry mixtures and fireclay mortar. Fireclay bricks are energy efficient: they accumulate heat, distributing it evenly over a long period of time.Fireclay is also a refractory material - it can withstand temperatures above 1400°C and has a low absorption coefficient (no more than 4%), which determines high frost resistance (Electronic resource: PECHNIK website / / FIRECLAY BRICK SHA-45 WEDGE / / URL: https: / / pechnik-rzn.ru / otdelka-i-stroitelstvo / ogneupornie-smesi-i-pechnoi-kirpich / kirpich-pechnoy / kirpich-shamotnyy-sha-45-klinovoy / (accessed on 04 / 29 / 2026)).

[0004] The "Tandyr" technical solution is known under Russian Patent for Invention No. 2846872 (priority date January 27, 2025, publication date September 17, 2025). The tandoor is characterized by a cylindrical body, a lid, and a prefabricated base. A firebox shaft runs along the entire height of the body, lined with fireclay bricks and coated on the outside with fireclay plaster and a refractory plaster mesh secured with a clamp. As a result, the tandoor is characterized by a relatively high degree of fire resistance and heat capacity. However, the use of mortar to bond the fireclay bricks together is a design flaw, as mortar is the least durable element of the connection and is susceptible to failure under thermal loads, leading to a reduced service life.Also, due to the use of masonry mortar, the design of the tandoor, like other oven solutions described, is non-disassemblable, which complicates its repair and maintenance.

[0005] As a result, a technical solution for household stoves can be selected as a prototype based on a set of essential features (general design) (Electronic resource: Pinterest website / / Mugnaini / / URL: https: / / tr.pinterest.com / pin / mugnaini-wood-fired-ovens-mugnaini--558376053770686063 / ?utm_medium=organic&utm_source=yandexsmartcamera (accessed 04 / 29 / 2026) (Electronic resource: Pinterest website / / Pizza / / URL: https: / / ru.pinterest.com / pin / authentic-pizza-ovens-portable-maximus-oven-reviews--569072102916372178 / ?utm_medium=organic&utm_source=yandexsmartcamera (accessed April 29, 2026). The ovens are characterized by being made of brick in a metal frame with an arched roof. Another drawback of the prototype is the use of mortar to bond the oven bricks together. As a result, the mortar cracks and crumbles over time under the influence of high temperatures and temperature fluctuations, reducing the oven's lifespan.

[0006] The purpose of the claimed utility model of a heating stove is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawback, namely, to increase the service life of the stove and to ensure the possibility of its assembly and disassembly to simplify the installation, repair and maintenance of the stove.

[0007] The goal is achieved by the fact that in the design of the proposed heating furnace, fireclay bricks inside the metal casing are laid out using the dry masonry method with the bricks of the arched vault of the furnace being wedge-shaped with a trapezoidal cross-section.

[0008] Accordingly, the technical result of the claimed technical solution is that the wedge-shaped, trapezoidal cross-section of the furnace arch bricks allows them to be interlocked to form a self-supporting vault without the use of mortar, thereby eliminating the need for mortar in the joints between adjacent bricks. This increases the furnace's service life, simplifies its installation, repair, and maintenance, and allows for repeated assembly and disassembly, thereby implementing the modular design principle of the heating furnace. Taken together, these features improve the operational characteristics of the heating furnace. An additional technical result is the expansion of the range of technical features available for heating furnaces.

[0009] The technical result is achieved by a heating stove made of fireclay bricks in a metal casing with an arched vault. The bricks are laid using a dry-laying method, with the bricks of the arched vault being wedge-shaped with a trapezoidal cross-section. The metal casing of the stove can also be made of steel. Alternatively, the metal casing of the stove can be made of cast iron. Insulation can also be placed between the bricks and the metal casing. Silica mats can also be used as insulation.

[0010] The claimed technical solution is explained by a schematic representation of a heating furnace made of fireclay bricks in a metal casing with an arched vault in cross-section (Fig. 1), where 1 is the metal casing of the furnace, 2 are wedge-shaped fireclay bricks, 3 are the joints of adjacent bricks, 4 is insulation.

[0011] To obtain a technical result, the utility model can be implemented in the following preferred manner, which does not exclude other methods of implementation within the framework of the declared formula of the utility model.

[0012] The terms and definitions used in this description are not limited to their unambiguous literal designation, for example, a metal housing 1 may be understood as a metal casing, wedge-shaped fireclay bricks 2 may be understood as wedge-shaped fireclay bricks, an arched vault may be understood as an arch, etc. This circumstance should be obvious to any specialist in this field of technology.

[0013] The proposed heating furnace consists of a metal body 1, inside which fireclay bricks 2 are laid along the inner surface. Fireclay bricks 2 can be laid either along the entire inner surface of the metal body 1, as shown in the image, or only along the arched vault of the furnace. In this case, fireclay bricks 2 of the arched vault of the furnace are wedge-shaped with a trapezoidal cross-section. Due to the wedge-shaped shape, each brick 2 of the arched vault in this design acts as a wedge that supports adjacent bricks, creating a self-supporting structure - brickwork in the form of a self-supporting vault. This allows for an even distribution of the load and prevents the wedge-shaped bricks 2 of the arched vault from shifting inward. The wedge-shaped design of bricks 2 of the arched vault of the furnace allows the brickwork inside body 1 of the furnace as a whole to be laid without the use of masonry mortar at the joints of 3 adjacent bricks - using the dry laying method.The metal body (1) of the stove, in turn, prevents the bricks (2) from shifting outward and provides additional strength. This design combines the advantages of both fireclay (heat capacity, uniform heating, fire resistance, durability, and high frost resistance) and steel (prevents cracking, provides durability, and ease of repair). Furthermore, the absence of mortar prevents cracking, crumbling, and the formation of cracks. As a result, the stove with this design is resistant to sudden heating and cooling cycles, unlike traditional brick stoves, ensuring its longevity.

[0014] The absence of mortar also ensures the stove's modular design, allowing for quick assembly or disassembly, if necessary, and allows for multiple assembly and disassembly. Furthermore, the absence of mortar simplifies stove installation, repair, and maintenance, as it only requires assembling or disassembling the brickwork in whole or in part, or removing or replacing individual bricks.

[0015] Insulation 4 may also be placed between bricks 2 and metal body 1. Insulation 4 may be placed across the entire inner surface of metal body 1, as shown in the image, or only along the arched roof of the furnace. Insulation 4 helps minimize heat loss, retaining more heat inside the furnace, increasing its efficiency. Furthermore, the presence of insulation 4 prevents smoke and combustion products from passing through potential gaps between bricks 2, ensuring safer and more environmentally friendly furnace operation. Insulation 4 also helps protect metal body 1 from overheating and extend its service life. Silica mats (operating temperature +1100°C) can be used as insulation 4.

[0016] Thus, the design of the proposed heating stove made of fireclay bricks 2 in a metal body 1 with an arched vault allows achieving the stated technical result of increasing the service life of the stove, as well as the modularity of the design, simplifying the installation, repair and maintenance of the stove, that is, in general, improving the operational characteristics of the heating stove.

[0017] The applicant is currently engaged in industrial production of the claimed utility model.

Claims

1. A heating stove made of fireclay bricks in a metal casing with an arched vault, characterized in that the bricks are laid using a dry masonry method with the bricks of the arched vault of the stove being wedge-shaped with a trapezoidal cross-section.

2. The furnace according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the metal body of the furnace is made of steel.

3. The furnace according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the metal body of the furnace is made of cast iron.

4. The furnace according to paragraph 1, characterized in that there is insulation between the bricks and the metal body.

5. The furnace according to paragraph 4, characterized in that silica mats are used as insulation.

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