Gas turbine unit start-up simulator

Abstract

This utility model relates to technical training aids for power plant personnel, specifically to simulators for operators of power plants with gas turbine engines. The purpose of the utility model is to simulate the operation of a standard gas turbine unit control unit during turbine startup, operation, and shutdown, as well as load activation and deactivation, with the ability to artificially introduce emergency (abnormal) situations, and automatically display instructions for resolving them or messages about operator errors on a liquid crystal display using a programmable microcontroller. The gas turbine unit startup simulator comprises a microcontroller, an alphanumeric liquid crystal display with a control system, five pointer gauges, seven LED indicators, eight keys, two control toggle switches, three potentiometers, and a power connector.Instead of existing simulators, a gas turbine unit start-up simulator is proposed. Its operating principle is based on the microcontroller's control of peripheral devices that provide the simulation of the normal and abnormal operation of a gas turbine unit with the ability to simulate malfunctions and display instructions on the liquid crystal display for their elimination or text messages about operator errors in accordance with the requirements set out in the "Practical Guide for the Driver-Mechanic on Operation and Accident-Free Driving."

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to technical means for training personnel of power plants, namely to simulators for operators of power plants with a gas turbine engine.

[0002] The purpose of creating the utility model is to simulate the operation of a standard control unit of a gas turbine unit during startup, operation and shutdown of the turbine, switching on and off the load with the ability to artificially introduce emergency (abnormal) situations, automated output to the liquid crystal display of instructions for their elimination or messages about erroneous actions of the operator through the use of a programmable microcontroller.

[0003] A number of weapons and military equipment models use a gas turbine unit (GTU) as a power source. The GTU is based on a 9I56 gas turbine engine and a generator set. To control and monitor the GTU, a control unit is installed near the driver's seat. Before independently operating the unit, the student studies the theoretical material and becomes familiar with the location of the components, assemblies, and controls on the weapon model. This is followed by training on the procedures for performing a check inspection, preparing for start-up, starting, shutting down the gas turbine engine, and turning the load on and off. The signs of normal operation, a list of possible malfunctions, and troubleshooting procedures are studied. The final stage of training requires the student to develop practical skills in operating the GTU directly on the weapon model.

[0004] The continuous process of training in practical operations on real equipment and trainee errors can lead to the failure of power supply system components and assemblies, which will impact the combat readiness of the weapon. Therefore, the task of developing and introducing a gas turbine unit startup simulator into the training process is urgent. The simulator's relevance is also due not only to its technical but also to its economic effectiveness, due to a significant reduction in training costs.

[0005] The operating principle of the simulator is based on the microcontroller controlling peripheral devices that provide the simulation of the normal and abnormal operation of the GTA with the ability to simulate malfunctions and display instructions on the liquid crystal display for their elimination or text messages about operator errors in accordance with the requirements set out in the "Practical Guide for the Driver-Mechanic on Operation and Accident-Free Driving."

[0006] The essence of using the utility model: in the process of training crew members operating the gas turbine unit (as part of the 9I56 gas turbine engine and generator unit), there is a need for multiple repetition of practical actions with controls and control and measuring instruments to prepare for starting, starting and stopping the unit, connecting (disconnecting) the load, as well as introducing emergency situations (malfunctions) during the operation of the gas turbine engine and generator unit by the trainees for teaching and training in the procedure for actions in such situations.

[0007] Structurally, the GTA starting simulator is an electromechanical design, on the front panel of which there is an alphanumeric liquid crystal indicator, 5 pointer instruments, 7 LED indicators (signal boards) for displaying the current state of the unit's devices, controls, including 8 keys for setting the GTA operating modes, switches for setting emergency operating modes and a switch for connecting the load, 3 potentiometers for setting the frequency and voltage values ​​at the GTA output, insulation resistance with simultaneous display of these parameters on the corresponding pointer instruments, a connector for connecting to a network adapter (Figure 1).

[0008] On the back side of the structure there is a microcontroller board, a preamplifier unit, an LED indication unit, and an alphanumeric liquid crystal display (LCD) control unit - figure 2.

[0009] The functional diagram of the simulator (Figure 3) includes: a microcontroller unit (1), a liquid crystal indicator control unit (2), a liquid crystal indicator (3), an LED indication unit (4), a preamplifier unit (5), a potentiometer unit (6), a keyboard unit (7), pointer instruments (8), and signal boards (9).

[0010] Structural connections of the GTA launch simulator.

[0011] The potentiometer block (6) is connected with the output to the first input of the preamplifier block (5), the output of which is connected to the first input / output of the microcontroller block (1). The second output of the preamplifier block (5) is connected to the input of the pointer instruments (8). The second input / output of the microcontroller block (1) is connected to the input of the LCD control unit (2), the output of which is connected to the input of the LCD (3). The third input of the microcontroller block (1) receives signals from the output of the keyboard block (7). The fourth output of the microcontroller block (1) sends voltages to the input of the LED indication block (4), the output of which is connected to the signal boards (9).

[0012] Description of the GTA launch simulator device.

[0013] The microcontroller unit is a printed circuit board (Figure 4) with an ADuC812BS microcontroller placed on it, which, when supplied with power, executes an algorithm stored in the built-in memory, allowing control of all the units, indicators, and pointer instruments included in the simulator, displaying the current values ​​of the GTA parameters on the alphanumeric liquid crystal display, as well as instructions to the operator.

[0014] The LCD control unit is a printed circuit board (Figure 5a) with an HD44780 controller mounted on it, which is designed to control the liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD (Figure 5b) is an alphanumeric device and is designed to display information received from the microcontroller unit (in accordance with a preset algorithm).

[0015] The preamplifier block (Figure 6) is required to normalize the voltages read from the potentiometers used to set the current GTA parameters: output voltage, current frequency, and insulation resistance. The preamplifier block also normalizes the voltages from the digital-to-analog converter outputs (included in the microcontroller) for feeding to the corresponding pointer meters simulating the GTA control unit.

[0016] The LED indicator unit is designed to control 7 signal boards (LED indicators) that display the current status of the gas turbine unit's components and assemblies. The LED indicator unit is based on the SAA1064 indicator controller (Figure 7). The indicator controller begins operating when power is supplied. During startup, the initialization process begins by writing a control word to the indicator controller and loading the program code from the microcontroller unit. The indicator controller then switches the indicator boards on and off according to a software algorithm.

[0017] The keypad unit is a combination of push-button keys, both non-latching and latching (switches), and is designed to set the GTA's normal, extreme, and emergency operating modes. Description of the device's operation.

[0018] The GTA launch simulator is based on the ADUC812BS microcontroller, which, during operation, executes the program and controls both the internal peripherals included in its composition (two timers, an eight-channel multiplexer, an analog-to-digital converter) and the external peripherals (a liquid crystal display control unit, an LED indication unit, a preamplifier unit, a potentiometer unit, a keyboard unit, and pointer instruments).

[0019] The simulator begins operation after applying the supply voltage (+5 V) from the power supply. After a time of t3 = 0.7 RC, determined by the value of the RC circuit elements required to activate the peripheral devices (multiplexer, ADC, DAC, etc.), the program code is loaded from the microcontroller's ROM. Next, the keys, switches, and potentiometer voltages standardized in the preamplifier block are polled, and information is output to the alphanumeric display, signal boards, and pointer instruments (via the preamplifier block).

[0020] The gas turbine operating mode (normal, extreme, emergency) is set using switches and potentiometers. The results of pressing the control keys are displayed on the corresponding signal boards and gauges, and are also duplicated on the liquid crystal display. If the gas turbine startup sequence is violated, extreme (emergency) operating mode occurs, or operator error occurs, the display displays appropriate instructions and warnings.

[0021] The use of the GTA launch simulator is organized at the departments of the Military Academy of the Air Defense Forces of the Russian Federation, during the training of personnel for the operation of the studied types of weapons and military equipment.

[0022] Using the ADUC812BS microcontroller as a control device provides ample opportunities for further refinement and improvement of the GTA launch simulator.

[0023] The schematic diagram of the simulator is presented in Appendix 1.

Claims

A simulator for starting a gas turbine unit, comprising a microcontroller unit, a liquid crystal display control unit, a liquid crystal display, a light-emitting diode (LED) indication unit, a preamplifier unit, a potentiometer unit, a keyboard unit, pointer instruments, signal boards and a power connector, wherein the potentiometer unit is connected by its output to a first input of the preamplifier unit, the output of which is connected to a first input / output of the microcontroller unit, the second output of the preamplifier unit is connected to the input of the pointer instruments, the second input / output of the microcontroller unit is connected to the input of the liquid crystal display control unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the liquid crystal display, the signals from the output of the keyboard unit are received at the third input of the microcontroller unit, voltages are sent from the fourth output of the microcontroller unit to the input of the LED indication unit, the output of which is connected to the signal boards, characterized in that,that the microcontroller contains an algorithm recorded in its built-in memory, which is used to simulate the operation of the control unit of a gas turbine unit by generating the required deviations of the pointer instruments, organizing the operation of the LED indicators, and also ensures control over the correctness of the student's actions in the start-up and operation modes of the unit, when eliminating emergency situations, as well as the display of auxiliary messages and recommendations on the liquid crystal display.

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