Long-term firing point

Abstract

FIELD: military construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small capital fortification structures for protecting people and equipment from small arms and shrapnel. The permanent fire point includes four monolithic reinforced concrete walls that form a rectangular hollow structure and a roof slab. The walls are connected to each other and to the roof slab using mounting embedded parts. Three walls comprise loopholes, and the fourth wall comprises an armoured entrance door. The walls have a two-layer reinforcement on the inside and outside with welded reinforcement meshes, which are meshes connected in pairs and turned towards each other, located vertically and offset by 0.5 steps relative to each other. Between the inner and outer sides of the wall reinforcement there is a shortened additional mesh, which is connected to the outer side of the wall reinforcement by a flat frame. The inner and outer sides of the wall reinforcement are also connected to each other by a flat frame. The roof slab has a similar two-layer reinforcement with welded reinforcement mesh on the outside. The first and second layers are meshes connected in pairs and facing each other, located horizontally. On the inside, at the bottom of the lid, the third layer is made in a single layer. The first and second layers are connected to each other by vertical flat frames. The walls and roof slab are made of concrete of at least class B 60 with the addition of fiber.EFFECT: increased strength, durability and reliability through enhanced reinforcement of the structure.17 cl, 6 dwg

Description

[0001] Field of technology to which the invention relates

[0002] The invention relates to fire structures, in particular to small capital fortification structures, namely to long-term fire points, which will be used to protect people and equipment from small arms and shrapnel.

[0003] Technology Level

[0004] A permanent firing point (PFP) is a separate small capital fortification structure for a firing point, made of durable materials, intended for shelter, long-term defense and firing small arms from a protected area.

[0005] It is known from prior art that reinforcement in concrete used in pillbox construction can be rigid or flexible. Steel beams and rails are used as rigid reinforcement, while flexible reinforcement consists of rod or coil reinforcement of various diameters. Rigid reinforcement is not used in precast field structures during pillbox construction; it is used in monolithic slabs and mattresses. Reinforcement for field fortifications is made from steel rods with a diameter of 6-14 mm. Rod or coil reinforcement used in the manufacture of precast fortification elements during pillbox construction can be of round or periodic cross-section, hot-rolled or cold-drawn. Cold-drawn wire is used for mesh and mounting reinforcement. Corrugation, twisting, and other measures are used to improve the adhesion of the reinforcement to the concrete.To produce durable concrete, it must be prepared correctly, the dosage of individual components must be maintained, or, as they say, the particle size distribution of the concrete mix must be selected with a high degree of grain packing. Experience has shown that concrete for the production of precast structure elements must have a minimum grade of 300. This ensures the minimum required strength of the elements during loading, unloading, and transportation (Available at: https: / / udarnik.ucoz.ru / index / 0-22, accessed: October 30, 2025).

[0006] At the same time, reinforcing the pillbox in the described manner does not ensure the required level of stability and protection of the structure during use.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need to develop a long-term firing point made of reinforced concrete with a fundamentally improved reinforcement system, with an increased degree of protection not only from small arms, but also from the GRAD multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) and D-20 152 mm howitzers, which makes it possible to significantly increase the reliability and performance characteristics of the structure without significantly complicating the manufacturing technology and increasing the cost.

[0008] Disclosure of invention

[0009] The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase strength, improve durability and reliability, and ensure resistance to dynamic and impact loads and seismic activity. This technical result is achieved through enhanced reinforcement of the structure.

[0010] The technical result is achieved due to the fact that a long-term firing point, including four monolithic reinforced concrete walls that form a rectangular hollow structure, and a roof slab, wherein the walls are connected to each other and to the roof slab by mounting embedded parts, three walls contain loopholes, and the fourth wall contains an armored entrance door, the walls have a two-layer reinforcement with welded reinforcement meshes on the inner and outer sides, which is meshes connected in pairs and deployed towards each other, located vertically and offset by 0.5 step relative to each other, and between the inner and outer sides of the wall reinforcement there is a shortened additional mesh, which is connected to the outer side of the wall reinforcement by a flat frame, while the inner and outer sides of the wall reinforcement are also connected to each other by a flat frame,and the roof slab has on the outside a similar two-layer reinforcement with welded reinforcement meshes, where the first and second layers are meshes connected in pairs and turned towards each other, located horizontally, and on the inside, in the lower part of the cover, the third layer is made in a single-layer form, while the first and second layers are connected to each other by vertical flat frames, while the walls and the roof slab are made of concrete of at least class B 60 with the addition of fiber.

[0011] Brief description of drawings

[0012] Fig. 1 shows a general view of the declared long-term fire point, Fig. 2 shows the declared long-term fire point in section, Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the reinforcement of the walls of the long-term fire point, Fig. 4 shows a diagram of the reinforcement of the roof slab of the long-term fire point, Fig. 5 shows the roof slab, Fig. 6 shows the long-term fire point without a cover in isometric view, where:

[0013] 1 - wall,

[0014] 2 - covering plate,

[0015] 3 - mounting embedded part,

[0016] 4 - loophole,

[0017] 5 - armored door,

[0018] 6 - ​​standard and shortened reinforcement mesh,

[0019] 7 - flat frame,

[0020] 8 - mounting hinges.

[0021] Implementation of the invention

[0022] The essence of the invention is that the long-term firing point includes four monolithic reinforced concrete walls (1) forming a rectangular hollow structure, and a roof slab (2), wherein the walls (1) are connected to each other and to the roof slab (2) by mounting embedded parts (3), and three walls (1) contain loopholes (4), and the fourth wall (1) contains an armored entrance door (5).

[0023] The walls (1) have a two-layer reinforcement with welded reinforcement meshes (6) on the inner and outer sides, which is made up of meshes (6) connected in pairs and turned towards each other, located vertically and offset by 0.5 steps relative to each other, and between the inner and outer sides of the wall reinforcement (1) there is a shortened additional mesh (6), which is connected to the outer side of the wall reinforcement (1) by a flat frame (7), wherein the inner and outer sides of the wall reinforcement (1) are also connected to each other by a flat frame (7).

[0024] The cover plate (2) has on the outside a similar two-layer reinforcement with welded reinforcement meshes (6), where the first and second layers are meshes (6) connected in pairs and turned towards each other, located horizontally, and on the inside, in the lower part of the cover, the third layer is made in a single-layer form, wherein the first and second layers are connected to each other by vertical flat frames (7).

[0025] The walls (1) and the roof slab (2) are made of concrete of at least class B 60 with the addition of fiber.

[0026] Special cases of implementation of the declared long-term fire point

[0027] The permanent firing point can contain three loopholes (4) and one armored entrance door (5).

[0028] It is recommended to pre-install open-type mounting loops (8) on the walls (1) of the long-term fire point, which are cut off after installation.

[0029] The walls (1) of the permanent fire point may also contain additional hidden mounting slots for load-lifting devices. These mounting slots for hidden load-lifting devices can be covered with reusable plastic plugs.

[0030] It is also recommended to pre-install open-type mounting loops (8) on the cover plate (2) of the permanent fire point, which are cut off after installation.

[0031] Also, hidden mounting slots for load-bearing devices can be pre-installed on the cover plate (2) of the permanent fire point.

[0032] Also, a long-term firing point may contain a base.

[0033] Preferred dimensions of the long-term firing point: height - 2,950 mm, width - 3,000 mm, length - 3,000 mm.

[0034] Also, a 50x50mm grid can be additionally installed on the permanent firing point to provide the possibility of installing an anti-splinter liner on the outside, as well as anti-drone protection.

[0035] The long-term fire point may additionally have an internal lining impregnated with a fire-retardant composition.

[0036] The loopholes (4) of the long-term firing point can be made in a stepped form for ease of shooting and increasing the front of view and fire.

[0037] In particular, the walls (1) and the roof slab (2) of the permanent fire point can be made of class B 80 concrete. And in the manufacture of the permanent fire point, composite or steel fiber can be used.

[0038] A long-term fire point may have additional protection on the cover plate in the form of a metal sheet on the inside, as well as additional protection of the walls in the form of a metal sheet on the inside.

[0039] A long-term fire point can have increased sound insulation and fire resistance in the form of stone wool with a thickness of 100 mm to 150 mm, fixed to the inside of the walls with mushroom dowels.

[0040] Reinforcement of the declared long-term firing point

[0041] Reinforcement of the walls (1) of a long-term fire point is a two-layer reinforcement with welded reinforcement meshes (6), where:

[0042] - 1 layer consists of two meshes (6) with a pitch of 100x50 mm, where the meshes are rotated 90° relative to each other, shifted by 0.5 pitch relative to each other and fastened together with knitting wire in the vertical and horizontal direction,

[0043] - The 2nd layer consists of two meshes (6) with a pitch of 100x50 mm, where the meshes are rotated 90° relative to each other, shifted by 0.5 steps relative to each other and fastened together with knitting wire in the vertical and horizontal directions.

[0044] The first and second layers of wall reinforcement (1) are also connected to each other by a flat frame (7).

[0045] In this case, between the first and second reinforcement layers (the inner and outer sides of the wall reinforcement (1)) there is a shortened additional mesh (6) with a pitch of 100x100 mm, which is connected to the outer side of the wall reinforcement (1) by a flat frame (7).

[0046] Reinforcement is carried out along the entire perimeter of the walls (1) from the inside and outside.

[0047] The reinforcement of the roof slab (2) of the long-term fire point is a three-layer reinforcement with welded reinforcement meshes (6), where:

[0048] - 1 layer consists of two meshes (6) with a pitch of 100x50 mm, where the meshes are turned 90° relative to each other and fastened together with knitting wire in the vertical and horizontal direction,

[0049] - The 2nd layer consists of two meshes (6) with a pitch of 100x50 mm, where the meshes are turned 90° relative to each other and fastened together with knitting wire in the vertical and horizontal direction,

[0050] - 3 layer is one grid (6) with a pitch of 100 x100 mm.

[0051] The first and second layers of reinforcement of the roof slab (2) layers are connected to each other by vertical flat frames (7).

[0052] Using the stated reinforcement scheme for the walls (1) and roof slabs (2) of a long-term fire point allows for a significant improvement in the technical characteristics, namely, increasing strength, increasing durability and reliability, and ensuring resistance to dynamic and impact loads and seismic activity.

[0053] The declared long-term firing point is made as follows.

[0054] Prepare the formwork in accordance with the working drawings for the future product, consisting of a pallet, a core, and external sides. Clean, lubricate, and assemble the form. Install the reinforcement cage in the form, then secure the mounting embedded parts (3) to connect the walls (1) with the roof slab (2), embedded parts to form loops (4) and a doorway for installing the entrance door (5). Next, install the mounting loops (8) in the design position, which can be made of either an open or hidden type. At the same time, prepare the formwork for the production of the roof slab (2). Clean, lubricate, and assemble the form. Install the reinforcement cage in the form, then secure the mounting embedded parts (3) to connect the roof slab (2) with the walls (1). It is important to ensure the sealing of the side sides. Compaction of the concrete mix is ​​possible using platform or immersion deep vibrators.The permanent fire point is removed after the concrete has reached stripping strength, in the reverse order of assembly. A chain sling of appropriate lifting capacity and crane equipment are used to remove the permanent fire point from the formwork.

[0055] This solution increases the protection of personnel and equipment from small arms fire, GRAD multiple rocket launchers, and 152mm D-20 howitzers.

[0056] Testing one wall of a pillbox of our production (Access mode: https: / / ya.ru / video / preview / 3832992895220576779, video of tests from November 16, 2022).

[0057] Thus, the claimed invention makes it possible to increase strength, improve durability and reliability, and ensure resistance to dynamic and impact loads and seismic activity, as well as reduce the construction time of fortification structures.

Claims

1. A permanent firing point comprising four monolithic reinforced concrete walls (1) forming a rectangular hollow structure and a roof slab (2), wherein the walls (1) are connected to each other and to the roof slab (2) by means of mounting embedded parts (3), three walls (1) contain loopholes (4), and the fourth wall (1) contains an armored entrance door (5), the walls (1) have a two-layer reinforcement with welded reinforcement meshes (6) on the inner and outer sides, which is in the form of meshes (6) connected in pairs and turned towards each other, located vertically and offset by 0.5 step relative to each other, and between the inner and outer sides of the reinforcement of the wall (1) there is a shortened additional mesh (6), which is connected to the outer side of the reinforcement of the wall (1) by a flat frame (7), wherein the inner and outer sides of the reinforcement of the wall (1) are also connected to each other by a flat frame (7),and the cover plate (2) has on the outside a similar two-layer reinforcement with welded reinforcement meshes (6), where the first and second layers are meshes (6) connected in pairs and turned towards each other, located horizontally, and on the inside in the lower part of the cover the third layer is made in a single-layer form, wherein the first and second layers are connected to each other by vertical flat frames (7), wherein the walls (1) and the cover plate (2) are made of concrete of a class of at least B 60 with the addition of fiber.

2. A long-term firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it contains three loopholes (4) and one armored entrance door (5).

3. A long-term firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the walls (1) are pre-installed with open-type mounting loops (8) that are cut off after installation.

4. A permanent firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the walls (1) additionally contain hidden mounting grooves for load-gripping devices.

5. A permanent firing point according to paragraph 4, characterized in that the mounting grooves for hidden load-gripping devices are closed with reusable plastic plugs.

6. A long-term firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that open-type mounting loops (8) are pre-installed on the covering plate (2), which are cut off after installation.

7. A permanent firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that hidden mounting grooves for load-gripping devices are pre-installed on the covering plate (2).

8. A long-term firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it has a height of 2950 mm, a width of 3000 mm, and a length of 3000 mm.

9. A long-term firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an “anti-drone” mesh with a pitch of 50×50 mm.

10. A long-term fire point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it additionally has an internal lining impregnated with a fire-retardant composition.

11. A permanent firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the loopholes (4) are made in a stepped form.

12. A long-term firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the walls (1) and the roof slab (2) are made of class B 80 concrete.

13. A long-term firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that composite or steel fiber is used in its manufacture.

14. A permanent firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it (1) has a base.

15. A long-term firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it (1) has additional protection on the covering plate in the form of a sheet of metal on the inside.

16. A long-term firing point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it (1) has additional wall protection in the form of a sheet of metal on the inside.

17. A long-term fire point according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it (1) has increased sound insulation and non-combustibility in the form of stone wool with a thickness of 100 mm to 150 mm, fixed to the inside of the walls with mushroom dowels.

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