Mechanized chuck for mounting a shaft with a conical surface on machine centers
The mechanized chuck with rotating clamping rockers addresses the limitation of securing shafts to conical surfaces with varying angles, providing enhanced reliability and stability by engaging the shaft at two points, thus expanding its technological capabilities.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- RU · RU
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FEDERALNOE GOSUDARSTVENNOE BYUDZHETNOE OBRAZOVATELNOE UCHREZHDENIE VYSSHEGO OBRAZOVANIYA TVERSKOJ GOSUDARSTVENNYJ TEKHNICHESKIJ UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-01
AI Technical Summary
Existing chucks are limited in their ability to secure shafts to conical surfaces with varying cone angles on machine centers, and they often provide unreliable fastening.
A mechanized chuck design featuring clamping elements in the form of rockers with rotating axes, allowing them to engage with the shaft at two points - the conical surface and the end - through the use of oblong grooves, axles, and springs, enabling secure fastening on machine centers.
The design enhances the chuck's technological capabilities and reliability by allowing secure clamping of shafts to conical surfaces with different cone angles, ensuring stable fastening through dual-point engagement.
Smart Images
Figure 00000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to means of technological equipment for metal-cutting machines.
[0002] A mechanized jaw chuck is known, comprising a housing with radial grooves made on its first end and with a centering belt made on the second end, sliders with jaws placed in the radial grooves, a rod, a thrust center with a connecting cone, a flange with a conical hole and a mechanism placed in the housing for converting the axial movement of the rod into variable radial movements of the jaws, wherein the flange is fixed on the first end of the housing coaxially with its conical hole relative to the centering belt, and the thrust center is mated with the connecting cone with the conical hole of the flange (RU 2693667 C1, BI No. 19, 2019).
[0003] However, the specified chuck does not allow the shaft to be secured to a conical surface and, therefore, cannot transmit torque through this surface to the shaft located on the machine centers.
[0004] The prototype is a mechanized cam chuck for mounting a shaft on machine centers, comprising a housing with guides and a centering belt formed on its first end, cams, a flange with a conical bore, a rod, a thrust center with a connecting cone and a mechanism for converting the axial movement of the rod into variable movements of the cams, located in the housing, wherein the flange is fixed on the second end of the housing coaxially with its conical bore relative to the centering belt, the thrust center is connected by a connecting cone with the conical bore of the flange, in addition, the conversion mechanism includes a double-arm lever mounted on the rod with the possibility of rotation around an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod, and two pushers with longitudinal grooves connected to the ends of the lever arms, wherein the pushers are placed in guides with the possibility of axial movements and are made in the form of cylindrical rods, the guides are made in the form of holes,located symmetrically relative to the axis of the centering belt, and the cams are made with inclined working planes and are fixed on the pushers with the possibility of the said planes adjoining the conical surface of the installed shaft (RU 2841354, BI No. 16, 2025).,
[0005] However, the specified chuck can only clamp the shaft to the conical surface with the specified cone angle.
[0006] The problem is to develop a chuck that allows shafts to be secured to conical surfaces with different cone angles when mounted on machine centers.
[0007] The technical result is the expansion of the technological capabilities of the chuck and the increase in the reliability of its fastening of the shaft due to the implementation of the clamping elements rotating and with the possibility of their interaction with the end of the installed shaft.
[0008] The solution to the problem and the technical result are achieved in that the mechanized chuck for installing a shaft with a conical surface on the centers of a machine tool contains a housing with guides and a centering belt made on its first end, clamping elements, a flange with a conical hole, a rod, a thrust center with a connecting cone and a mechanism placed in the housing for converting the axial movement of the rod into variable movements of the clamping elements, wherein the flange is fixed on the second end of the housing coaxially with its conical hole relative to the centering belt, the thrust center is connected by a connecting cone with the conical hole of the flange, in addition, the conversion mechanism includes a double-arm lever mounted on the rod with the possibility of rotation around an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod, and two pushers with longitudinal windows connected to the ends of the lever arms,wherein the pushers are made in the form of cylindrical rods and are placed in guides with the possibility of axial movements, the guides are made in the form of openings located symmetrically with respect to the axis of the centering belt, and the clamping elements are made with working surfaces and are secured on the cylindrical rods with the possibility of abutting said surfaces against the conical surface of the installed shaft. According to the invention, the conversion mechanism is provided with oblong grooves, axles and springs, wherein the oblong grooves are made on the cylindrical rods, and the axles are installed in said grooves, in addition, each clamping element is made in the form of a rocker with a working surface at one end and an additional working surface at the other end, wherein each rocker is mounted on an axis with the possibility of rotation and interaction of its additional working surface with the end of the shaft,and the spring is fixed on a cylindrical rod with the possibility of interaction with the rocker.,
[0009] The installation of clamping elements on axes with the ability to rotate around these axes ensures that their working surfaces fit against the conical surface of the shaft being secured at different angles of its cone.
[0010] The design of the clamping elements as rockers and their ability to interact with the shaft end via additional working surfaces allows the rockers to rotate. This allows the rockers to interact with two shaft surfaces: the conical and the end. As a result, each rocker clamps the shaft in two places, compared to the prototype, in which the jaws do not rotate, and each clamps the shaft in only one place and on only one surface. Therefore, the proposed chuck offers expanded technological capabilities and increased clamping reliability.
[0011] The claimed solution is explained by graphic materials, where Fig. 1 shows a drawing of the cartridge, front view; Fig. 2 - section A-A in Fig. 1.
[0012] The chuck comprises a body 1 with a centering belt 2 made on its first end and with holes 3 and 4, cylindrical rods 5 and 6 with longitudinal windows 7 and 8 and oblong grooves 9 and 10, respectively, clamping elements in the form of rockers 11 and 12 with working surfaces 13 and 14, respectively, a flange 15 with a conical hole 16, a rod 17, a thrust center 18 with a connecting cone 19, a double-arm lever 20 with shoulders 21 and 22, axes 23 and 24 and springs 25 and 26. Holes 3 and 4 are located symmetrically relative to the axis of the centering belt 2. Cylindrical rods 5 and 6 are mated with holes 3 and 4, respectively, with the possibility of axial movements. The double-arm lever 20 is mounted on the rod 17 with the ability to rotate about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said rod, and its arms 21 and 22 are mated with longitudinal windows 7 and 8, respectively. Flange 15 is secured to the second end of the housing 1 coaxially with its conical bore 16 relative to the centering collar 2.The thrust center 18 is connected by a connecting cone 19 with a conical hole 16. Rockers 11 and 12 are placed on rods 5 and 6 with the possibility of adjoining their working surfaces 13 and 14 to the conical surface 27 of the shaft 28 installed with a center hole 29 on the center 18. Axles 23 and 24 are installed in oblong grooves 9 and 10. Rockers 11 and 12 contain additional working surfaces 30 and 31, respectively, and are installed on axes 23 and 24 with the possibility of rotation around the mentioned axes and interaction of surfaces 30 and 31 with the end 32 of the shaft 28. Springs 25 and 26 are fixed on cylindrical rods 5 and 6 with the possibility of interaction with rockers 11 and 12.
[0013] The cartridge works as follows.
[0014] In the body 1 of the chuck, mounted with the centering belt 2 on the machine spindle (not shown in the figures), the shaft 28 with the conical surface 27 is based by installing it with one of its center holes 29 on the stop center 18, and the other - on the rear center, fixed in the quill of the machine tailstock (not shown in the figures). The drive imparts movement to the rod 17. This axial movement, with the help of the arms 21 and 22 of the double-arm lever 20 through the windows 7 and 8, is converted into axial variable movements of the cylindrical rods 5 and 6.
[0015] After additional working surfaces 30 and 31 are pressed against end 32, rockers 11 and 12 begin to rotate, respectively, on axes 23 and 24. In this case, springs 25 and 26 are deformed, and working surfaces 13 and 14 of rockers first approach conical surface 27, and then adjoin it.
[0016] When one of the working surfaces, for example, surface 13, is in contact with conical surface 27, the axial movement of cylindrical rod 5 with rocker 11 is suspended. The suspended axial movement is resumed after working surface 14 of rocker 12 is in contact with conical surface 27. Further joint axial movements of cylindrical rods 5 and 6 by rockers 11 and 12 secure shaft 28 to conical surface 27 and end 32.
[0017] Thus, the chuck secures the shaft in two places on its two surfaces when installed on the machine centers.
[0018] The chuck can be used in mechanical engineering enterprises for automatic loading, unloading and reinstallation of shafts with a conical surface on process equipment.
Claims
A mechanized chuck for mounting a shaft with a conical surface on machine centers, comprising a housing with guides and a centering belt formed on its first end, clamping elements, a flange with a conical bore, a rod, a thrust center with a connecting cone and a mechanism placed in the housing for converting the axial movement of the rod into variable movements of the clamping elements, wherein the flange is secured to the second end of the housing coaxially with its conical bore relative to the centering belt, the thrust center is connected by a connecting cone with the conical bore of the flange, in addition, the conversion mechanism includes a double-arm lever mounted on the rod with the possibility of rotation about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod, and two pushers with longitudinal windows connected to the ends of the lever arms, wherein the pushers are made in the form of cylindrical rods and are placed in guides with the possibility of axial movements, the guides are made in the form of openings,located symmetrically relative to the axis of the centering belt, and the clamping elements are made with working surfaces and are secured on cylindrical rods with the possibility of adjoining the said surfaces to the conical surface of the installed shaft, characterized in that the conversion mechanism is provided with oblong grooves, axes and springs, wherein the oblong grooves are made on the cylindrical rods, and the axes are installed in the said grooves, in addition, each clamping element is made in the form of a rocker with a working surface at one end and an additional working surface at the other end, wherein each rocker is mounted on an axis with the possibility of rotation and interaction of its additional working surface with the end of the shaft, and the spring is secured on the cylindrical rod with the possibility of interaction with the rocker.