A MACHINING MACHINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLOBOID SCREWS AND GLOBOID COUNTERGEARS.

Abstract

The invention relates to a fully automated CNC machining center controlled by PLC for the production of a globoid screw and its mating gear, which operates in conjunction with the screw, on the same platform using separate machining cycles.

Description

1 TARIFF A PROJECT FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF GLOBOID SCREWS AND GLOBOID COUNTERGEARS. MACHINING MACHINE Technical Area The invention relates to a globoid screw and a mating gear that will operate in conjunction with the said screw, on the same platform 5. a fully automated PLC-controlled system for production with separate processing cycles. It relates to CNC machining centers. State of the Art Today, globoid screws and mating gears are used, especially in worm gear mechanisms. A type 10 used and preferred for reducing speed by transmitting rotational motion. It is a gear pair. Globoid screw and mating gear; exhibiting variable geometry along the axis, They must work together harmoniously and have three-dimensional conjugate contact surfaces. They are precision machine elements. A globoid screw has an outer surface that is concave or curved. It is configured to have a profile and a wider contact with the mating gear. It forms a region. Thanks to this geometric structure, the load is distributed over a wider surface. 15 distribution, increased load carrying capacity, achieving higher transfer rates this makes it possible to ensure smoother and quieter movement during operation. This is the case. In the machining of globoid screws and mating gears, not only the tooth profile but also; screw and gear rotation ratio, angular position, distance between axes, cutting tool position, rate of advancement, and all relative movements performed during processing 20 It directly affects the product geometry. In the current state of the art, the production of the globoid screw and its mating gear generally involves: Special purpose mechanical gear cutting machines, form cutters, single-edge cutters, special prepared gear hobbing tools or general purpose multi-axis CNC lathes and 25 by using special clamping and rotating mechanisms added to the machining centers This is done using a globoid screw and mating gear, mostly on different machine tools or... They are produced in independent clamping and processing systems; the resulting The compatibility of the parts with each other is determined by measurement and matching after processing. It is controlled by these processes. This brings with it many technical problems and This brings about a disadvantage, namely: 30 2  In order to create globoid geometry, the cutting tool axis and the workpiece axis, distance between axes, helix or feed angle, tool center numerous parameters such as position, rotation ratio and initial phase are considered separately. These settings need to be adjusted separately. Some of these settings are mechanical. This increases the preparation time and improves the accuracy of the adjustment. Operator 5 It makes one dependent on experience.  Ensuring the correct creation of globoid screw and mating thread surfaces. machining involves the rotational and feed movements of the workpiece with the cutting tool. executed within a specific mathematical relationship throughout the cycle Mechanical connections, gear shifting, manual 10 are required. positioning operations or independently controlled axes When used, this relationship maintains the same sensitivity throughout the entire processing period. It is becoming more difficult to protect them.  Screws and mating threads in different machine tools or different clamping arrangements Processing; reference, centering, axis misalignment, angular position and clamping 15 This can lead to the accumulation of errors due to repetition. Both parts undergoing separate production processes, theoretically being equivalent. the result of the required surfaces not matching perfectly in practice She is able to give birth.  In some of the existing methods, the globoid screw or counterpart to be produced is 20 gear geometry-specific form cutters or hobbing tools is used. A special tool is required for each different size, ratio, or geometry. Preparation may be required; this situation increases team costs and preparation time. This increases as a result of cutting tool wear or resharpening. Changing the tool geometry also improves the accuracy of the produced tooth surface. It can have negative effects.  Globoid surfaces on standard CNC lathes, milling machines or machining centers Special tools, additional rotary axes, and complex CAD / CAM systems are required for its production. Studies and toolpaths specific to globoid geometry may be required. The control structure of the machine is specific to the production of globoid screws and mating gears. Programming without an integrated processing cycle, axis Matching, creating team paths, and readjusting for each new product. These procedures require expertise. 3  Positioning the tool relative to the workpiece, starting point determination, adjustment of cutting depth, right and left tooth surfaces Processes such as processing and applying corrective transitions are mostly available. In practice, this is done by the operator. This situation is the same. differences may occur between the parts produced according to the technical drawing and 5 This leads to variations in production quality depending on the operator.  Performed with single-edge cutters or successive cutting passes. Chip removal capacity may be limited in these processes. Delicate surface To achieve this, low progress rates, numerous process passes, and The need for intermediate checks extends the cycle time and mass production 10 It reduces its capacity.  Re-engineering, referencing, and mechanical processes are performed in each production cycle. Settings include tooth profile, pitch, feed rate, tooth thickness, oscillation, and inter-axis adjustment. This can cause deviations in the working distance. These deviations Therefore, different globoid screws and corresponding 15 produced using the same settings. The same contact characteristics and working clearance are obtained in gear pairs. It may not be possible. The fundamental technical problem arising from the shortcomings described above is: globoid theoretically forming the congruent surfaces of a screw and its mating gear. The relative movement of the tool and workpiece must be sufficient for the entire machining cycle. The problem is that it cannot be created with precision, synchronization, and repeatability. as a result of a technical problem - Profile, pitch, feed rate, and tooth thickness on globoid screw and mating thread surfaces. deviations can occur, - Obtaining the desired working clearance between the manufactured screw and the mating thread. 25 It cannot be done. - The contact trace may extend beyond the targeted area or the contact may be limited to a specific area. it is possible, - Uneven load distribution on tooth surfaces, edge contact, or mechanical jamming. can occur, 30 4 - Noise, vibration, temperature increase, loss of efficiency, and accelerated during operation. wear and tear can occur. - Reprocessing parts, custom matching them together, or discarding them. separation may be necessary, - Obtaining the same geometry in a stable and repeatable manner under mass production conditions. 5 It is becoming more difficult to do so. Given the disadvantages and technical problems of the current technique, in this field... The solution involves not only creating a specialized machine, but also Globoid Screw and Globoid The machining cycles of the counter gear are based on a common set of geometric and kinematic data. defines it within, converts this data into synchronized axis commands, and roughly 10 A repeatable manufacturing process that maintains the part reference from machining to finishing. The necessity of the process becomes apparent. As a result of research conducted on this subject, the code US20230102311A1 was encountered. The relevant code... The document describes a gear assembly containing a globoid worm gear and a counter gear. It relates to a gear mechanism. However, the current technology uses a globoid screw with a mating gear of 15. PLC-based system for the relative movement of cutting tools and workpieces required in machining. Enabling precise and synchronized operation under CNC control architecture. The machine tool is not specified. In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions being the subject of discussion... Due to its shortcomings, an improvement in the relevant technical field is necessary. 20 It has been made. Purpose of the Invention The invention was created by drawing inspiration from existing situations and addressing the aforementioned drawbacks. 25 It aims to solve the problem. The main purpose of the invention is to create a pair of mating gears that work in conjunction with a globoid screw. PLC controlled full-featured production with separate processing cycles on the same platform. The goal is to develop an automated CNC machining tool. The other objective of the invention is to provide a theoretical conjugate surface for a globoid screw and its mating gear. The aim is to enable the generation of geometries based on common geometric and kinematic data. Another objective of the invention is to determine the distance between the centers and the transmission ratio of the same gear pair. screw starting number, counter gear tooth number, feed or helix angle, machining diameters, Parameters such as tooth thickness, tool position, and working clearance are all part of the same production data. 5 The goal is to define them within the system. This allows for the creation of machining cycles for both parts. The globoid screw and its mating gear must have compatible surface geometries. is provided. Another aim of the invention is to create globoid screw-counterpieces with different sizes, ratios and geometries. The production parameters of gear pairs are controlled in the control system as separate production recipes. The purpose is to define it. This allows the operator to select the relevant product recipe and the necessary axis. movements, rotation directions, revolutions, feed rates, cutting depths, and operation sequences It is applied automatically. Another objective of the invention is to provide rigid structure for the workbench body and movable units. Vibration, stretching, and positional deviations at high cutting and production speeds 15 The aim is to ensure that it is limited. Another objective of the invention is to combine a main spindle capable of providing high torque with a rigid machine structure. By using them together, high chip removal rates can be achieved in machining. to significantly shorten the cycle and reduce the production cost per unit of product to reduce. 20 Another purpose of the invention is to achieve precise finishing of teeth through machine tool processing. Surface roughness levels of Ra = 0.3 µm can be achieved on these surfaces. To fulfill the purposes described above, the invention consists of a globoid screw and the aforementioned The mating gear, which will work in conjunction with the screw, is processed on the same platform with separate machining cycles. a fully automated CNC machining center including the following for its production 25 being,  A main body that carries the main mechanical elements of the machine,  Radial, axial, and tilting damage occurring during chip removal. a spindle main block that transfers its loads to the main body,  In the globoid screw machining cycle, the screw blank is machined by machining the mating gear 30 In the cycle, the tailstock supports the toothed cutting tool from the opposite side. 6 the group carrying and the forces formed during this support The main block of the tailstock that transfers the stock to the body,  Maintaining the position of the spindle axis under radial and axial loads, The spindle body, which transmits cutting forces to the spindle main block.  Precisely aligned with the Y-axis of the machining unit. Y-axis movement system that enables its positioning,  The screw cutting tool moves the workpiece along the X-axis. approach, retreat, advance, and relative positioning movements The X-axis motion system that performs this,  In a globoid screw machining cycle, the screw cutting tool has a counter-gear 10 In the machining cycle, it carries and rotates the mating gear blank. Rotary clamping table,  Screw in the globoid screw machining cycle with rotary clamping table Cutting tool or mating gear gear design in machining cycle among the fastening systems; the fastened team or fastening 15 bringing the system to the required working and center height, jointly positioning relative to the reference plane and disassembly / assembly an intermediate step that allows it to return to the same mechanical reference. The intermediate reset sleeve is a raising and referencing element.  The workpiece, screw cutting tool, or gear cutting tool must have a precision of 20° reference spindle holder system, rotary clamping table, adjustment movement of lugs and other mechanical connections during processing fastening elements that ensure the device is secured in a way that prevents it from coming loose  The screw blank or threaded cutting tool of the center group Approaching along the X-axis according to its length / position and 25 X-axis center point movement system that enables it to move away,  Enables precise axial movement and support of the quill. The point that enables the transfer of forces to the point main block and movable tailstock sleeve system,  The radial / angular 30° of the spindle main block and tailstock main block In the alignment of the direct drive spindle and tailstock axes; Y The adjustment used to bring it to a position exactly 90° relative to its axis. shoes,  The Y-shaped center of the direct-drive spindle center and the tailstock center. bringing them closer together in that direction and final precise centering 35 7 Y-axis adjustment that ensures the centers are aligned during the process. shoes and  The main body of the machine is stable and torsion-free on the production floor. precise placement, accurate leveling of the workbench, high forces generated during rapid processing are balanced on the ground. 5 transfer in this manner and preservation of the main body geometry bench-level support element providing feature;  In the globoid screw machining cycle, the screw blank is machined by the mating gear. In its cycle, the gear that carries and rotates the cutting tool has a movement of 10 without using belt, pulley or gear transmission mechanisms can provide direct transmission clearance and thus reduce torsional pressure. direct drive work that reduces flexibility, vibration and loss of motion mile,  Depending on the machining cycle, the globoid screw blank or the threaded cutter 15 concentricity with the direct drive spindle axis of the team Precision reference spindle clamping system that enables secure attachment.  Advance, retraction, and support applied by the pinoline to the workpiece the controlled and repeatable execution of the movement, 20 suitable globoid screw blanks of different lengths and geometries holding it with a support force and working during high-speed processing part bending, vibration and axial misalignment electronically controlled movable tailstock sleeve system that enables its limitation. point and  In the machining of a globoid mating gear, the gear blank is made using the intermediate 25 From the zeroing sleeve to the rotary clamping plate, only the correct one. Automatically connects and disconnects in axial, radial, and angular positions. and providing 3–5 µm repeatability after reattachment, part reference between roughing and finishing machining protecting and correcting phase, centering and position errors caused by binding 30 limiting gear draft coupling system It includes. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below. This becomes clearer thanks to the detailed explanation written with references to these figures. 8 This will be understood as such, and therefore the evaluation will also take these forms and detailed explanations into account. This should be done taking that into consideration. Figures that will help understand the invention. Figure 1 shows a general perspective view of the workbench that is the subject of the invention. Figure 2 shows the front view of the workbench that is the subject of the invention. 5 Figure 3 shows a rear perspective view of the workbench that is the subject of the invention. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the retaining systems. Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the gripping systems. Figure 6 shows a view of the spindle shoe locking system. Figure 7 shows a view of the point latch locking system. 10 Figure 8 shows a view of a globoid screw machining operation. Figure 9 shows the roughing (mid-off) operation of a globoid gear. It is appearance. Figure 10 shows a view of the globoid tooth finishing (finish surface) operation. Description of Part References 15 1. Main body 2. Spindle main block 3. Point main block 4. Spindle housing 5. Direct drive spindle 20 6. Precision reference spindle holder system 7. Y-axis motion system 8. X-axis motion system 9 9. Hydraulic locking block 10. Rotating clamping table 11. Intermediate reset sleeve 12. X-axis tailstock movement system 13. Electronically operated center bolt sleeve system center bolt 5 14. Point and movable point sleeve system 15. Coolant system 16. Rotary axis adjustment shoes 17. Y-axis adjustment shoes 18. Bench level support element 10 19. Gear blank clamping system 20. Gear design 21. Screw design 22. Screw cutting tool 23. Toothed cutting tool 15 24. Cutting tool holder 25. Finishing cutting tool Detailed Description of the Invention This detailed description explains the preferred machining tool for the invention. Their structures are explained solely for the purpose of better understanding the subject. 20 The manufacturing machine that is the subject of the invention, shown in Figure 1, consists of all the mechanical components of the machine. The main body (1) carrying the elements, using the workbench level support element (18) It is fixed to the production floor in a torsional and stable manner and precisely. It is leveled. The mounting and reference surfaces of the main body (1) are checked. The axis systems are being prepared for connection. Before aligning the spindle axis, first the Y-axis movement must be adjusted. The system (7), then the X-axis movement system (8) is connected to the main body (1). The precise position of the axis movement system (7) on the body is determined by fixing pins 5 It is determined. After the assembly of the Y-axis movement system (7), the X-axis movement The system (8) is placed in its precise position on the body with fixing pins. It is connected. Thus, the assembly of the XY motion system is completed. Assembly As a result, the X-axis motion system (8) and the Y-axis motion system (7) are connected to each other. It is positioned to form a 90° angle with very high precision. 10 After the assembly of the XY motion system is completed, the spindle main block (2) and tailstock main block (3), to the carrier and connection areas determined for them is being placed. Spindle main block (2); spindle housing (4), original design direct drive spindle (5) (Direct Drive Spindle) and precision reference spindle holder system (6) (CENS) 15 It carries with high rigidity. Here, direct drive spindle (5); Globoid screw machining. in the machining cycle, the screw blank (21), and in the counter gear machining cycle, the gear cutting tool. (23) carries and rotates. The movement is transmitted by a belt, pulley or gear transmission mechanism. By providing direct transmission clearance and torsional flexibility without using it, Reduces vibration and loss of motion. Stable chip production under high torque and high speed. 20 by providing lift, 3 µm radial runout, Ra = 0.3 µm surface roughness and approximately 8 It contributes to achieving a production cycle of minutes. PENS clamping system (6) Depending on the machining cycle, the globoid screw (21) blank or gear cutting tool (23) direct drive spindle (5) connection to the axis with high concentricity It is a unique gripping system that provides 25 wide and precise positioning surfaces. It distributes the clamping force evenly; allows for quick part or tool changes. and maintains a radial runout of 3 µm after binding. provides. The Y-axis motion system (7) and the X-axis motion system (8) are attached to the main body with pins. After the fixing is completed, the axis of rotation of the direct drive spindle (5) is 30 It is aligned. During the first alignment phase, the rotation of the direct-drive spindle (5) The axis is adjusted to be exactly perpendicular to the Y-axis in the radial direction. 11 This setting is located on either side of the plates under the spindle main block (2), totaling four This is done using several rotary axis adjustment shoes (16). After the spindle axis is brought to a position exactly 90° relative to the Y axis, the spindle main block (2), It is locked in place by means of mechanical clamping, locking and fastening elements. Thus The direct drive spindle (5) axis of rotation is aligned with the X-axis direction of the machine. It is. The center of the spindle is the center of the tailstock on the tailstock main block (3) Y Y-axis adjustment shoes (17) are used to bring it closer in that direction. At this stage The spindle and tailstock centers are approximately in the same position along the Y-axis. This is done by ensuring there is a height difference between the spindle center and the tailstock center. In this case, by placing precision adjustment shims between the relevant carrier plates, the centers are 10 Their vertical positions are being adjusted. The subject of the invention is the tailstock main block (3) on the workbench; X-axis tailstock movement system (12), original design electronic pinol system pointer (13) and pointer and movable pointer It carries the sleeve system (14). After the spindle axis is aligned, the tailstock and The central axis of the movable tailstock sleeve system (14) is radial to the Y-axis 15 It is adjusted to be perfectly perpendicular. Radial adjustment of the tailstock axis, tailstock main rotary axis adjustment shoes (16) located on the connecting plates under the block (3) It is carried out using the point and movable point sleeve system (14) After the center axis is positioned exactly 90° relative to the Y-axis, the tailstock main block (3) is locked by means of mechanical clamping, locking and fastening elements. 20 Thus, the tailstock axis is also aligned with the X-axis direction of the machine. Spindle and After the angular alignment of the center axes is completed, the final precise centering is performed. The operation is performed. The center of the direct drive spindle (5) and the tailstock and The center of the movable tailstock system (14) is controlled by means of the Y-axis adjustment lugs (17). It is corrected with very high precision in the Y direction. The necessary height adjustments are made at 25°C. This is done through precision shims placed between carrier plates. Final As a result of the adjustment, the spindle center and the tailstock center are perfectly aligned, and the two The element is made coaxial. The precise alignment of the centers is achieved by the globoid screw. the direct drive spindle (5) of the draft (21) or gear cutting tool (23) and the tailstock and 30 without experiencing axial misalignment between the movable tailstock sleeve system (14). This is essential in terms of rotation and reducing radial runout to the 3 µm level. After precise alignment is completed, the spindle main block (2) and the tailstock main block (3), High rigidity achieved through the use of mechanical clamping, locking, and fastening elements. 12 It is fixed in place. This provides a highly precise and vibration-resistant mechanical system. a structure is obtained (Figure 7). The subject of the invention is the structure of the rotary clamping table, the intermediate zeroing sleeve and the lathe. The synchronization process is as follows: The rotary clamping table (10) features a rotary 5 incorporating true zero-gap Globoid technology. It has an axial structure. This globoid mechanism compensates for the angular gap in the rotating axis. by eliminating loss of motion due to change of direction and positioning movements It ensures that the process is carried out without any problems. Thus, the rotating clamping table (10), high torsional rigidity, high angular positioning accuracy and stable It provides rotational movement. Intermediate zeroing sleeve (11), rotary clamping plate (10) 10 with gear blank fastening system (19) or screw used in globoid screw opening operation The cutting tool (22) is placed between the gears. The function of the intermediate zeroing sleeve (11) is to make the gears draft clamping system (19) or screw cutting tool (22) required work and The goal is to create a raised section that carries the product to the center height. Rotary coupling. Hydraulic locking for fixing the tool or workpiece placed on the table (10) 15 The block (9) can be used as an auxiliary element. However, the hydraulic locking block (9) The use of the hydraulic system inside is not mandatory and can be deactivated if necessary. can be left. Tool or workpiece; PENS, gear draft clamping system (19) or using general mechanical clamping, locking and fastening elements It can be connected. 20 In the production of globoid screws and mating gears, mechanical rigidity is the most important technical aspect. One of the requirements is synchronization. Direct drive spindle (5), rotary coupling between the table (10), the Y-axis movement system (7) and the X-axis movement system (8) rotation, traverse and positioning movements determined throughout the processing It needs to be synchronized within a mathematical relationship. Synchronization 25 Although provided by the electronic control infrastructure, the mechanical structure of the machine Detailed illustration of electronic control components in terms of protection There is no need. The subject of the invention is the importance of synchronization in the workbench and The technical function it performs is explained; the basis of mechanical innovation is a high-rigidity structure. original clamping systems and the actual zero 30 used in the rotary clamping table (10) It creates a hollow globoid technology. Working principle of the clamping system for pliers and gear blanks: 13 The uniquely designed PENS is used on the direct drive spindle (5) side. PENS cuts the screw blank (21) in globoid thread cutting and in counter thread cutting. and locks the toothed cutting tool (23) precisely. Precision reference spindle holder system (6); screw draft (21) or gear cutting tool (23) only allows connection in the correct axial, radial and angular position. It has precise mechanical reference and locking surfaces. Screw draft (21) or threaded When the cutting tool (23) is removed and reinstalled, the same element is rendered with an accuracy of 3–5 µm. This allows it to be returned to its previous position. In this way, operator-dependent centering is achieved. Positioning and clamping differences are mechanically prevented; disassembly and assembly. The processes are becoming easier and faster. 10 Original design gear blank clamping system (19), in the process of opening the mating gear It is used. The gear draft clamping system (19) is via the intermediate zeroing sleeve (11). It is placed on the rotary clamping table (10) and the counter gear design is automatically and locks securely. Gear draft clamping system (19); the counter gear draft is only in the correct position 15 It has precise reference and locking surfaces that allow for connection. Geared When the draft (20) is removed and reinstalled, the part is processed with the same precision with an accuracy of 3–5 µm. This allows it to be returned to its original position. Thus, operator-dependent positioning and clamping are possible. errors are prevented, part replacement time is shortened, and continuous production is ensured. The same binding position can be repeated in the cycles. 20 Precision reference spindle holder system (6) and gear draft clamping system (19), tool and the parts can be positioned correctly without requiring the operator's personal adjustment. These systems enable the placement of bonds at the 3–5 µm level. Dimensional accuracy of the chip removal process thanks to repositioning repeatability. increasing its stability; potential 25 stemming from incorrect, incomplete or off-center context. It mechanically prevents operator errors. Globoid screw threading procedure: In globoid threading operations, the tool and workpiece are arranged as follows: It is located: • Globoid screw blank to be machined (21), precision reference spindle holder system (6) 30 It is locked onto the direct drive spindle (5) by means of. 14 • Screw cutting tool (22) to machine the globoid screw blank (21), intermediate zeroing The casing (11) is placed on the rotating clamping table (10). The screw cutting tool (22) placed on the rotary clamping table (10) is used according to the application. hydraulic locking block (9) or general mechanical clamping, locking and fastening. It can be fixed using the elements. 5 After the screw blank (21) is attached to the direct drive spindle (5), the X-axis tailstock The movement system (12) attaches the center group on the center block (3) to the screw blank (21) It brings it closer. Electronic movable tailstock sleeve system tailstock (13), tailstock and The screw blank moves axially within the movable tailstock sleeve system (14) (21) It sits in the tailstock and supports the workpiece from the opposite side. Thus, 10 The screw draft (21) is not held by the direct drive spindle (5); between the direct drive spindle (5) and the tailstock and the movable tailstock sleeve system (14) It is supported by the other side. Thanks to the precise alignment carried out beforehand, the direct drive spindle (5) The tailstock and movable tailstock sleeve system (14) are exactly on the same central axis 15 The relative position between the screw cutting tool (22) and the screw thread (21) is located. center distance, cutting depth and feed movements Y-axis motion system (7) It is adjusted using the X-axis motion system (8). During the globoid screw cutting process, the direct drive spindle (5) cuts the screw blank (21) rotating, rotary clamping table 20 featuring True Zero Gap Globoid Technology (10) is the necessary screw cutting tool (22) connected via the intermediate zeroing sleeve (11). It enables the rotational movement to be performed. The direct drive spindle (5) rotates clamping table (10), Y-axis movement system (7) and X-axis movement system (8) By moving synchronously, the globoid of the screw draft (21) changes along the axis. It forms the shape and tooth canals using a chip removal method. 25 In one application of the invention, the coolant system (15) during processing, cutting by delivering coolant to the region at an appropriate flow rate and direction, thus reducing temperature increase. limiting, removing chips from the cutting zone and targeting the surface It helps to maintain its quality. The machining steps for globoid screw production are as follows: 30  Common geometric data, cutting tool data, and roughing information for the gear pair to be produced. semi-fine finish machining allowances, rotation directions, electronic matching ratio, Recording the initial phase and XY axis movements in the production recipe,  Reference of the screw blank (21) onto the direct drive spindle (5) with the PENS Attachment from the surfaces; after radial runout and axial settlement are checked 5 then electronic movable tailstock sleeve system tailstock (13) screw draft (21) Supporting the draft between two centers by pressing into the point slot,  The screw cutter tool (22) rotates through the intermediate zeroing sleeve (11) Attachment to the table (10); tool center height, effective cutting plane, Defining the starting position according to the tool offset and screw draft (21), 10  Direct drive spindle (5), rotary clamping table (10), X-axis movement safe starting positions of the system (8) and the Y-axis motion system (7) taking; the team's programmed approach before cutting contact begins to be brought to that position,  In the roughing cycle, the screw cutting tool (22) and the screw blank (21), 15 The electronic rotation and phase relationship defined in the prescription is maintained together. Movement; incremental approach and advancement along the X and Y axes. by applying a globoid external form and a main chip mass in the tooth canals or removed with more than one pass,  If there is more than one screw beginning, each beginning must be within the specified 20 repeating the same cycle by indexing by angular phase or The entire process of creating beginnings is done in seamless, synchronized motion.  Regular chip allowance remaining from roughing in the semi-finishing cycle Achievement with smaller passes and advancements; form on the surface with tool load. reducing deviations to a level suitable for the finishing process, 25  In the finishing cycle, the right and left tooth surfaces can be machined together or separately. Processing with transitions; tooth thickness, target working space, contact the offset of the region and surface form, XY axis position and angular phase finalization through programmed corrections,  Once the cutting is complete, the tool should be withdrawn to a safe position, center support 30 controlled lifting and release of the screw blank (21). 16 Opening the mating gear: When proceeding to the mating operation for the counter-thread, the tool and workpiece used in the globoid screw cutting operation are used. The part's placement is reversed: • The toothed cutting tool (23) is mounted directly onto the driven spindle (5) by means of the COLLET (6). It is locked. 5 • Clamp holder system (19), rotating clamping table via intermediate zeroing sleeve (11) (10) is placed on it. • The blank of the mating gear to be machined is automatically processed by means of the gear blank clamping system (19) and locks securely. Toothed cutting tool (23) is mounted directly onto the driven spindle (5) by means of the CABLE. After being connected, the X-axis tailstock movement system (12) attaches the tailstock group to the cutting tool. It brings it closer to the correct position. Electronic movable center sleeve system center (13), center and The gear cutter moves axially within the movable tailstock sleeve system (14). pressing into the center slot on the tool (23) and facing the toothed cutting tool (23) It supports and holds from the side. 15 Thus the toothed cutting tool (23) is driven only by the direct drive spindle (5) not held; direct drive spindle (5) with tailstock and movable tailstock sleeve system (14) is supported on both sides. This double-sided support is used to support the toothed cutting tool. (23) tilting, vibrating or axis during high speed chip removal It restricts the change of its location. 20 The center distance between the toothed cutting tool (23) and the mating gear blank (20) and Relative position, using Y-axis motion system (7) and X-axis motion system (8) According to the axial relationship of the globoid screw and the mating gear in the working state It is being adjusted. The counter gear is attached to the direct drive spindle (5) during the opening operation and 25 gear supported from the opposite side by the tailstock and movable tailstock sleeve system (14) The cutting tool (23) is rotated. Featuring True Zero Gap Globoid Technology. the rotary clamping table (10) and the intermediate zeroing sleeve (11) and clamp holder system (19) The mating gear, connected via a crosshair, moves with the necessary relative rotational motion. It causes. 30 17 Direct drive spindle (5), rotary clamping table (10), X-axis motion system (8) and As a result of the synchronization achieved between the Y-axis movement system (7) globoid Thread gaps and thread surfaces are created to work in harmony with the screw. Coolant The system (15) cools the cutting zone during this process and the chips It helps to remove it. 5 The machining steps for a globoid counter gear are as follows: • Number of teeth on the mating gear from the main pair data used for the Globoid Screw, working center distance, axis angle, rotation ratio, rotation direction, starting point phase, tooth width, tooth root, left-right surface geometries, target working cavity and derivation of contact corrections, 10 • Counter gear blank gear blanking system (19) with intermediate zeroing sleeve Connecting to the rotary clamping table (10) via (11); axial of the draft its positioning, centering and preservation of the angular initial reference, • Coarse tooth cutting tool (23) and finishing cutting tool (25), cutting tool holder (24) Cutting tool holder (24) and collet (6) 15 to be connected together on it by means of connecting directly onto the driven spindle (5) and electronic The movable tailstock sleeve system tailstock (13) presses into the tailstock housing of the geared tool. cutting tool (23) between spindle and tailstock and movable tailstock sleeve system (14) bilateral support, • Working 20 between the axis of the gear cutting tool (23) and the axis of the globoid gear blank (20) Depending on the axis angle in this position, the distance between the tool and the blank is: adjusting according to the roughing starting distance defined in the recipe and Tool and part offsets are enabled in a common coordinate system. • Coarse to medium discharge cycle with toothed cutting tool (23) and mating gear The draft's electronic gear ratio and initial phase are synchronized under 25. rotation; by applying incremental radial approximation and advancement along the XY axes. Finishing allowance for the main chip mass in the middle and root regions of tooth cavities. lifted by being left behind, • After the rough machining is completed, the roughing cutting tool (23), finishing cutter without removing the tool set (25), cutting tool holder (24) and gear blank (20); XY axis 30 position, tool-part relative distance and associated offsets are defined in the specification for the finish. 18 taking into account the machining dimensions, in this position the finishing cutting tool (25) enters the cutting forming the final tooth surfaces, • The cutting tool and gear outline (20) in the finishing cycle, with Globoid screw real The rotation rate, phase, and center representing the conjugate motion in operation. The distance and simultaneous movement of the cutting edges under XY motions; 5 sequential positions forming a generating envelope for the right and left tooth surfaces to create • The right and left tooth surfaces are connected together on the cutting tool holder (24) Without removing the coarse tooth cutting set (23) and the finishing cutting set (25) found and After the rough machining is completed, the finishing dimensions and offsets are determined, 10 The ability to machine with the necessary tool offsets and movement directions; finishing pass quantity, By adjusting the angular phase and axis position, tooth thickness, working clearance and Establishment of a target contact zone, • Once the finishing process is complete, the cutting tool should be withdrawn to a safe position, center point. controlled removal of the support and free release of the counter gear draft 15 abandonment. The rigidity, synchronization, and technical capabilities demonstrated by the workbench that is the subject of the invention. We can summarize the result as follows: Machine main body (1), spindle main block (2), tailstock main block (3), spindle body (4), direct drive spindle (5), Y-axis movement system (7) fixed with pins and X-axis 20 motion system (8), rotary coupling including True Zero Gap Globoid Technology The rotary axis adjustment table (10) is used only for spindle and tailstock alignment. the shoes (16) and the Y-axis adjustment shoes (17) and the machine level support element (18) the mechanical structure they form together, the relative position between the cutting tool and the workpiece It ensures protection under high cutting forces and high production speeds. 25 Precise alignment of the spindle and tailstock centers; in screw threading operations. In the cutting operation of the counter gear, the spindle of the gear cutting tool (23) is (21) It ensures double-sided support between the points. The gear design with the pliers. The 3–5 µm binding repeatability provided by the binding system (19), intermediate zeroing The required working height provided by the bushing (11) is Zero 30 of the rotating clamping table (10). 19 Hollow globoid structure and electronically provided precise synchronization. Thanks to this, tool and workpiece movements are performed stably. This structure results in radial runout at the level of 3 µm and surface runout at the level of Ra = 0.3 µm. A certain roughness and processing time of approximately 8 minutes can be achieved; globoid screw and The mating gear can be manufactured without the need for additional grinding. 5

Claims

REQUESTS 1. Globoid screw and its mating gear, which will work in conjunction with the screw, must be on the same platform. a complete set of processes for production with separate processing cycles, including the following: It is an automated CNC machining center.  A main body that carries the main mechanical elements of the machine 5 (1),  Radial, axial, and tilting damage occurring during chip removal. a spindle main block (2) that transfers its loads to the main body (1),  In the globoid screw machining cycle, the screw blank (21), the mating gear In the machining cycle, the gear cutting tool (23) is pulled from the opposite side 10 carrying the supporting point group and formed during this support The main block of the tailstock (3) which transfers the forces to the main body (1),  Maintaining the position of the spindle axis under radial and axial loads, The spindle body (4) transmits the cutting forces to the spindle main block (2),  Precisely aligned with the Y-axis of the machining unit. Y-axis motion system (7) that enables its positioning,  The screw cutting tool (22) cuts the workpiece in the X-axis direction approach, retreat, advance, and relative positioning movements X-axis motion system (8), which performs  In the globoid screw machining cycle, the screw cutting tool (23), the mating gear 20 in the machining cycle, carrying the counter gear blank (20) and rotating clamping table (10),  The screw in the globoid screw machining cycle with the rotary clamping table (10). cutting tool (22) or gear draft in the machining cycle of the mating gear or counter gear among the binding system (19); the attached team or binding 25 bringing the system to the required working and center height, jointly positioning relative to the reference plane and disassembly / assembly an intermediate step that allows it to return to the same mechanical reference. The intermediate reset sleeve (11) is the raising and referencing element.  The workpiece must be cut by the screw cutting tool (22) or the gear cutting tool (23), 30 precision reference spindle holder system (6), rotary clamping of the table (10), adjustment shoes and other mechanical connections fixed in place so that it does not move during processing fastening elements 21  The screw blank (21) of the center group or the threaded cutting tool (23) approximate its length / position along the X-axis and X-axis center point movement system (12) that enables it to move away,  Enables precise axial movement and support of the quill. The point and 5 which enable the transfer of forces to the point main block (3). movable tailstock sleeve system (14),  Radial / angular of spindle main block (2) and tailstock main block (3) In the alignment of the direct drive spindle (5) and tailstock axes Y The adjustment used to bring it to a position exactly 90° relative to its axis. shoes (16), 10  The center of the direct drive spindle (5) and the center of the tailstock Y bringing them closer together in that direction and the final precise centering Y-axis adjustment that ensures the centers are aligned during the process. shoes (17) and  The main body of the machine (1) must be firmly and torsionally attached to the production floor. precise placement, accurate leveling of the workbench, high forces generated during rapid processing are balanced on the ground. transfer in this way and preservation of the main body (1) geometry Bench level support element (18) Feature; 20  In the globoid screw machining cycle, the screw blank (21), the mating gear In the machining cycle, it carries and rotates the gear cutting tool (23), movement without using belt, pulley or gear transmission mechanisms can provide direct transmission clearance and thus reduce torsional pressure. Direct drive work that reduces flexibility, vibration and loss of motion 25 mile (5),  Depending on the machining cycle, the globoid screw blank (21) or threaded The cutting tool (23) is directly driven to the spindle (5) axis. Precision reference spindle holder that ensures centricity in connection. system (6), 30  Advance, retraction, and support applied by the pinoline to the workpiece the controlled and repeatable execution of the movement, globoid screw drafts of different lengths and geometries (21) to be held with sufficient support force and during high-speed processing workpiece tilting, vibration and axial misalignment 35 22 electronically controlled movable tailstock sleeve system that enables its limitation. point (13) and  In machining of globoid mating gears, the gear blank (20), intermediate From the zeroing sleeve (11) to the rotary clamping table (10), Only when in the correct axial, radial, and angular position, it automatically adjusts to 5. bonding, removal and reinstallation after 3–5 µm Providing repeatability, roughing and finishing machining. between which the part reference is maintained and the bonded phase, Gear outline binding that limits centering and position errors system (19) 10 It includes.

2. A machining tool conforming to Claim 1, whose feature is: chip removal. conveying coolant to the cutting tool and work area at an appropriate flow rate and direction. Coolant system that limits the temperature rise in the part (15) 15 It includes.

3. A machining tool conforming to Claim 1, featuring a rotary clamping table. (10) The tool or workpiece clamping device on the hydraulic Rotating clamping plate in Globoid screw cycle which helps in locking. (10) on the screw cutting tool (22), and in the counter gear cycle, the intermediate 20 zeroing sleeve (11) and gear draft clamping system (19) through the gear a hydraulic locking block (9) which helps to fix the draft (20) It includes.

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