Gain map encoding method and apparatus, gain map decoding method and apparatus, device, and medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications. Disclosed are a gain map encoding method and apparatus, a gain map decoding method and apparatus, a device, and a medium. The encoding method of the present application comprises: acquiring at least one target image block in a gain map, the brightness of a pixel point in the target image block being greater than a first threshold (301); on the basis of the at least one target image block, determining identifier information of the target image block of the gain map and an image block group (302); and encoding the identifier information of the target image block and the image block group to obtain encoded information of the gain map (303).

Description

Gain map encoding method, decoding method, device, equipment and medium

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on June 9, 2023, with application number 202310688306.X and titled “Gain map encoding method, decoding method, device, equipment and medium,” the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to a gain map encoding method, decoding method, device, equipment and medium. Background Art

[0004] With advances in image acquisition and display technology, high dynamic range imaging and display can now be achieved on electronic devices (such as smartphones and tablets). Although an increasing number of devices support the display of high dynamic range still images, there are still a large number of electronic devices that only support standard dynamic range (SDR). High dynamic range images captured can be displayed well on both high dynamic range (HDR) and SDR display devices. HDR acquisition, storage, and display solutions based on gain maps are a commonly used method in the industry.

[0005] However, the gain map, as additional information, increases the image storage space. Although the gain map storage space can be reduced by downsampling and then compressing it for storage, the downsampling process will lose some information, affecting the gain map image quality, and thus the image quality of the reconstructed image.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a gain map encoding method, decoding method, device, equipment and medium, which can solve the problem that the existing gain map encoding method affects the image quality of the reconstructed image.

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a gain map encoding method, including:

[0009] Acquire at least one target image block in the gain map, wherein the brightness of pixels in the target image block is greater than a first threshold;

[0010] determining target image block identification information and an image block group of the gain map according to the at least one target image block;

[0011] The target image block identification information and the image block group are encoded to obtain encoding information of the gain map.

[0012] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a gain map encoding device, including:

[0013] A first acquisition module is configured to acquire at least one target image block in the gain map, wherein the brightness of pixels in the target image block is greater than a first threshold;

[0014] A first processing module is configured to determine target image block identification information and an image block group of the gain map according to the at least one target image block;

[0015] The second processing module is configured to encode the target image block identification information and the image block group to obtain encoding information of the gain map.

[0016] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a gain map decoding method, including:

[0017] Obtaining encoding information of the gain map;

[0018] Decoding the encoded information to obtain identification information of an image block group and a target image block;

[0019] The gain map is reconstructed according to the image block group and the target image block identification information.

[0020] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a gain map decoding device, including:

[0021] A second acquisition module is used to obtain coding information of the gain map;

[0022] A decoding module, configured to decode the encoded information to obtain identification information of an image block group and a target image block;

[0023] A reconstruction module is configured to reconstruct the gain map according to the image block group and the target image block identification information.

[0024] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores programs or instructions that can be run on the processor, and when the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect or the third aspect are implemented.

[0025] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect or the third aspect are implemented.

[0026] In the seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the processor are coupled, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the method described in the first aspect or the third aspect.

[0027] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which is stored in a storage medium and is executed by at least one processor to implement the method described in the first aspect or the third aspect.

[0028] In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device configured to execute the method described in the first aspect.

[0029] In this embodiment of the present application, after obtaining at least one target image block in the gain map that includes pixels with brightness greater than the first threshold, identification information for the at least one target image block and the image block group including the at least one target image block can be determined for the at least one target image block, thereby encoding the at least one target image block to obtain encoded information of the gain map. This method retains only the valid image of the gain map for encoding, improving encoding efficiency and reducing storage space while also enhancing the quality of the reconstructed image. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of one of the gain map applications;

[0031] Figure 2 is the second schematic diagram of gain map application;

[0032] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a method flow diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 is one of the gain map division diagrams;

[0034] Figure 5 is the second schematic diagram of gain map division;

[0035] Figure 6 is the third schematic diagram of gain map division;

[0036] Figure 7 is the fourth schematic diagram of gain map division;

[0037] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of source image block index value allocation;

[0038] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a target image block combination;

[0039] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of target image block identification information;

[0040] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of image block group downsampling;

[0041] FIG12 is a second schematic diagram of a method flow chart of an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a method application process according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG14 is a second schematic diagram of the method application process of an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of decoding of a picture block group;

[0045] FIG16 is a third schematic diagram of the method application process of an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG17 is a fourth schematic diagram of the method application process of an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG18 is a second schematic diagram of image block group decoding;

[0048] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of a module structure of a device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG20 is a second schematic diagram of the module structure of the device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present application. Specific embodiments

[0052] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] The terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of this application can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein, and that the objects distinguished by "first," "second," and the like are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects; for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, the term "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects connected are in an "or" relationship.

[0054] For ease of understanding, some of the contents involved in the embodiments of this application are described below:

[0055] Gain map (also known as gain map or enhancement map) is usually generated when capturing HDR images. As additional information, it can be stored in a specific file format, such as the format of the image or as additional information of a certain image format, and then encoded and transmitted. When displayed, the gain map is decoded. The gain map is generated based on the HDR image and its corresponding SDR image after tone mapping. The use of the gain map can be SDR and Gain map to generate the corresponding HDR image, or HDR and Gain map to generate the corresponding SDR image, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. In both formats, the Gain map needs to be stored.

[0056] Furthermore, with gain map-based HDR solutions, the areas within the HDR image that require brightening via the gain map are limited. This is primarily due to the following reasons: 1) If the brightened area is too large, it can cause visual discomfort to the human eye. Therefore, when generating the gain map, it is important to appropriately control the size of the brightened area. 2) If the brightened area is too large, the visual benefits of HDR are reduced. 3) In natural imagery, the areas of highlight brightness are typically limited.

[0057] The following describes in detail the gain map encoding method, decoding method, apparatus, device, and medium provided by the embodiments of the present application through specific embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0058] As shown in FIG3 , a gain map encoding method according to an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0059] Step 301: Obtain at least one target image block in a gain map, wherein the brightness of pixels in the target image block is greater than a first threshold.

[0060] The first threshold is a preset brightness threshold. In this step, the first threshold is used to select at least one target image block in the gain map that includes pixels (highlighted pixels) with brightness greater than the first threshold. This allows subsequent generation of coding information related only to the at least one target image block, eliminating redundant image blocks in the gain map.

[0061] Step 302: Determine target image block identification information and an image block group of the gain map according to the at least one target image block.

[0062] The target image block identification information is the identification information of the at least one target image block, and the image block group includes the at least one target image block. That is, in this step, after executing step 301, the identification information of the target image block in the gain map and the image block group including the target image block can be further determined.

[0063] Step 303: Encode the target image block identification information and the image block group to obtain encoding information of the gain map.

[0064] Thus, according to steps 301-303 above, after obtaining at least one target image block in the gain map that includes pixels with brightness greater than the first threshold through the first threshold, identification information of the at least one target image block and the image block group including the at least one target image block can be determined for the at least one target image block, thereby encoding the at least one target image block to obtain encoded information of the gain map. In this way, only the valid image of the gain map is retained for encoding, thereby improving encoding efficiency, reducing storage space, and improving the image quality of the reconstructed image.

[0065] It should be noted that the gain map is generated in the HDR image acquisition node, and the original resolution of the gain map is W×H. The image resolution A×B of the target image block is less than or equal to W×H.

[0066] Optionally, obtaining at least one target image block in the gain map includes:

[0067] dividing the gain map into at least one source image block based on a first image resolution;

[0068] Determine, as the at least one target image block, a source image block in which the brightness of pixels in the at least one source image block is greater than the first threshold and the proportion of pixels is greater than the second threshold;

[0069] The first image resolution is preset.

[0070] At this time, the size of the pre-set first image resolution, i.e., the size of the source image block, is used. By dividing the gain map according to the first image resolution, one or more source image blocks of a size equal to the first image resolution can be obtained, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Furthermore, a second threshold, i.e., a threshold for the proportion of highlighted pixels in the source image block, is also pre-set to identify at least one target image block in at least one source image block. In other words, the proportion of highlighted pixels in the obtained target image block is greater than the second threshold.

[0071] As an implementation manner, the first image resolution is less than or equal to W×H, such as 8×8, 16×16, 64×64, 64×32, 16×64, 128×128, 256×256, etc. The second threshold value may be 70% or 80%, etc.

[0072] Optionally, obtaining at least one target image block in the gain map includes:

[0073] identifying a target area in the gain map based on the first threshold;

[0074] determining a second image resolution based on the size of the target area and a first condition, wherein the first condition includes that a proportion of pixels having a brightness greater than the first threshold in each divided image block is greater than a third threshold or less than a fourth threshold;

[0075] dividing the gain map into at least one source image block based on the second image resolution;

[0076] A source image block in which the brightness of pixels in the at least one source image block is greater than the first threshold and the proportion is greater than a third threshold is determined as the at least one target image block.

[0077] The third and fourth thresholds are similar to the second threshold described above and are thresholds for the proportion of highlighted pixels in the source image block. In this embodiment, considering that a low proportion of highlighted pixels in the target image block may affect coding efficiency, to improve coding efficiency, the first condition is pre-set by limiting the third and fourth thresholds so that the second image resolution ensures that the resulting source image blocks can be divided into two categories: one having a greater proportion of highlighted pixels, and the other having a smaller proportion of highlighted pixels.

[0078] Therefore, after identifying the target area in the gain map where the brightness of the pixels is greater than the first threshold, the applicable second image resolution can be determined in combination with the size (which can also be understood as the area) of the target area and the first condition. After segmenting the gain map according to the second image resolution, source image blocks with a ratio of highlighted pixels greater than the third threshold and source image blocks with a ratio of highlighted pixels less than the fourth threshold are obtained. Finally, the target image block is determined, that is, the source image block with a ratio of highlighted pixels greater than the third threshold.

[0079] Among them, the process of determining the second image resolution is a process of adaptively adjusting the image resolution based on the size of the target area and the first condition. For example, after the image resolution A1×B1 is first determined, the gain map is segmented based on the image resolution A1×B1, and multiple image blocks as shown in Figure 6 are obtained. Since there are image blocks (dashed area in the figure) that do not meet the first condition, the image resolution needs to be further adjusted. After the gain map is segmented based on the image resolution A2×B2 to obtain multiple image blocks that meet the first condition as shown in Figure 7, the image resolution A2×B2 is determined as the second image resolution.

[0080] The third threshold may be the same as or different from the second threshold.

[0081] As an implementation manner, the value of the third threshold may be 90% or 95%, etc., and the value of the fourth threshold may be 10% or 5%, etc.

[0082] Optionally, in this embodiment, the shape of the source image block may be a square, as shown in FIG4 ; or a rectangle, as shown in FIG5 .

[0083] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the identification of the target area and the target image block can be achieved based on artificial intelligence learning, which will not be elaborated here.

[0084] Optionally, determining target image block identification information and an image block group of the gain map according to the at least one target image block;

[0085] The determining, based on the at least one target image block, target image block identification information and an image block group of the gain map includes:

[0086] generating identification information of the target image block according to a position of the at least one target image block in the gain map;

[0087] The at least one target image block is reorganized according to a first strategy to generate the image block group; wherein the first strategy indicates a method for combining the at least one target image block.

[0088] The target image block identification information is used to indicate the location information of at least one target image block in the gain map. For example, after segmenting the gain map, each source image block is assigned an index value starting from 0 in a predetermined order, such as from left to right (as shown in FIG8 ) or from top to bottom (not shown in the figure). Therefore, the target image block identification information can be generated based on the index value.

[0089] The first strategy is pre-set and indicates how the target image blocks are grouped. For example, as shown in Figure 9, the blocks can be grouped horizontally in index order, vertically in index order, or in a zigzag pattern in index order. Grouping in index order facilitates decoding and reconstruction at the decoder.

[0090] Of course, the target image blocks may be combined in other ways, not limited to those shown in the figure.

[0091] Optionally, in this embodiment, the target image block identification information is bit information, each bit of information corresponds to a source image block in the gain map and indicates whether the source image block is the target image block.

[0092] The values ​​of each bit information may be preset to indicate whether the source image block is the target image block. For example, when the bit information is "1," it indicates that the source image block is the target image block, while when the bit information is "0," it indicates that the source image block is the target image block; or, when the bit information is "0," it indicates that the source image block is the target image block, while when the bit information is "1," it indicates that the source image block is the target image block.

[0093] Assume that when the bit information is preset to "1", it indicates that the source image block is the target image block, and when the bit information is "0", it indicates that the source image block is a non-target image block. Therefore, as shown in Figure 10, the gain map is divided into 16 source image blocks, and each source image block index value is assigned from left to right to 0 to 15. Among them, when the target image block is the source image block with index values ​​4 and 10, the target image block identification information (also called the brightened block identification) is 16-bit information "0000100000100000".

[0094] Of course, if for the target image block identification information in the example, the decoding end can only understand whether it is the target image block through the value of the bit information, but cannot understand the position indication of the target image block by the bit information, the target image block identification information, in addition to including the brightened block identification, also needs to include the source image block index value to assist the decoding end in determining the position of the target image block and successfully decoding.

[0095] In this embodiment, after the target image block identification information and the image block group are generated, the encoding of the gain map can be achieved by encoding the target image block identification information and the image block group respectively.

[0096] Optionally, in this embodiment, encoding the target image block identification information and the image block group to obtain encoding information of the gain map includes:

[0097] Encoding the target image block identification information to obtain first information;

[0098] Downsampling the image block group to obtain an image to be encoded;

[0099] Encoding the image to be encoded to obtain second information;

[0100] The encoding information of the gain map is obtained according to the first information and the second information.

[0101] In order to further reduce the space occupancy of the coded information and improve coding efficiency, the image block group is first downsampled to obtain the image to be coded, and then the obtained image to be coded is encoded, as shown in Figure 11. The downsampling of the image block group can be performed by, for example, 1 / 4 downsampling or 1 / 16 downsampling.

[0102] Optionally, in this embodiment, encoding the target image block identification information and the image block group to obtain encoding information of the gain map includes:

[0103] Encoding the target image block identification information to obtain first information;

[0104] encoding the image block group to obtain third information;

[0105] The encoding information of the gain map is obtained according to the first information and the third information.

[0106] That is, after generating the target image block identification information, it is directly encoded to obtain the first information; and after generating the image block group, it is directly encoded to obtain the third information without downsampling the image block group. The encoded information of the gain map includes the first information and the third information.

[0107] The encoding of the target image block identification information may be processed by using a coding method such as Run-Length Encoding or other coding methods.

[0108] Image block groups can be encoded according to coding standards such as JPEG, AVIF, and HEIF. During the encoding process, spatial redundancy is typically removed through spatial transformations such as the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) or DCT-like transforms (such as DCT-like integer transforms used in video and image compression standards). Due to the characteristics of the DCT transform, redundancy removal is highly efficient in flat areas.

[0109] As an implementation manner, the encoding method adopted for the image block group or the image to be encoded may be lossless compression or lossy compression.

[0110] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0111] determining auxiliary information used for encoding the gain map;

[0112] The encoding information and the auxiliary information are stored.

[0113] The auxiliary information is target image block identification information and related information used for independent encoding of image block groups. Storing the gain map encoding information together with the auxiliary information facilitates decoding the gain map encoding information based on the auxiliary information.

[0114] In this embodiment, the auxiliary information can also be understood as metadata (Meta data).

[0115] Optionally, the auxiliary information includes at least one of the following:

[0116] First image resolution;

[0117] Second image resolution;

[0118] the native resolution of the gain map;

[0119] an index of the at least one target image block;

[0120] Whether to encode the target image block;

[0121] Encoding method;

[0122] Downsampling ratio;

[0123] The strategy adopted for reorganizing the at least one target image block.

[0124] Among them, since the original resolution of the gain map is usually the same as the resolution of the HDR / SDR image, the original resolution of the gain map is not necessary in the auxiliary information.

[0125] The index of at least one target image block is determined after allocating the index of the source image block, and can indicate the position of the target image block, such as the partition block index value shown in FIG10 .

[0126] The auxiliary information may indicate whether the encoding information of the gain map includes the first information and the second information by including whether the encoding is for the target image block, so that the decoding end can achieve effective decoding.

[0127] The encoding method is at least one of an encoding method of the target image block and an encoding method of the target image block identification information.

[0128] The downsampling ratio is a ratio used for downsampling the image block group after the image block group is determined, such as 1 / 4 or 1 / 16.

[0129] The strategy adopted for reorganizing at least one target image block is the first strategy mentioned above, which will not be described in detail here.

[0130] Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned contents, the auxiliary information may also include other contents, which are not listed here one by one.

[0131] In summary, after obtaining at least one target image block in the gain map that includes pixels with brightness greater than the first threshold, identification information for the at least one target image block and the image block group including the at least one target image block can be determined for the at least one target image block, thereby encoding the blocks and obtaining encoded information of the gain map. This method retains only the valid image portion of the gain map for encoding, improving encoding efficiency and reducing storage space while also enhancing the quality of the reconstructed image.

[0132] As shown in FIG12 , a gain map decoding method according to an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0133] Step 1201, obtaining coding information of the gain map;

[0134] Step 1202: Decode the encoded information to obtain identification information of the image block group and the target image block;

[0135] Step 1203: reconstruct the gain map according to the image block group and the target image block identification information.

[0136] Thus, according to steps 1201-1203, after obtaining the encoded information of the gain map obtained by the method of the above embodiment, the image block group and target image block identification information are obtained by decoding the encoded information, and the gain map is further reconstructed based on the image block group and target image block identification information. If the decoding end is also the encoding end, obtaining the encoded information of the gain map may be performed by extracting the encoded information of the gain map from a storage space; if the decoding end is different from the encoding end, obtaining the encoded information of the gain map may be performed by receiving the encoded information of the gain map from the encoding end.

[0137] Specifically, when a gain map is needed, such as when generating SDR / HDR images, the stored encoding information is decoded to obtain the image block group and target image block identification information. The gain map is then reconstructed based on the decoded image block group and target image block identification information.

[0138] Optionally, in this embodiment, reconstructing the gain map according to the image block group and the target image block identification information includes:

[0139] generating at least one target image block based on the first strategy and the image block group;

[0140] reconstructing the gain map according to the at least one target image block and the target image block identification information;

[0141] The first strategy indicates the manner in which the at least one target image block is combined.

[0142] That is, considering the generation method of the image block group during the encoding process, combined with the first strategy and the decoded image block group, at least one target image block is first restored; and then the gain map is reconstructed based on the at least one target image block and the decoded target image block identification information.

[0143] Optionally, the target image block identification information is bit information, each bit of information corresponds to a source image block in the gain map and indicates whether the source image block is the target image block.

[0144] Optionally, the encoding information of the gain map includes first information and second information, and decoding the encoding information to obtain the image block group and target image block identification information includes:

[0145] decoding the second information to obtain a decoded image;

[0146] Upsampling the decoded image to obtain the target image block group;

[0147] The first information is decoded to obtain the target image block identification information.

[0148] That is, if the image block group is downsampled during the encoding process, after the second information is decoded to obtain a decoded image, the decoded image is upsampled to obtain the target image block group.

[0149] Optionally, the encoding information of the gain map includes first information and third information, and decoding the encoding information to obtain the image block group and target image block identification information includes:

[0150] Decoding the third information to obtain the image block group;

[0151] The first information is decoded to obtain the target image block identification information.

[0152] That is, if the image block group is not down-sampled during the encoding process, the target image block group will be directly obtained after decoding the third information.

[0153] Of course, during the decoding process, the auxiliary information used in encoding can also be combined to achieve effective decoding.

[0154] Optionally, the auxiliary information is extracted from the storage space together with the encoding information of the gain map, or is received together with the encoding information of the gain map.

[0155] Optionally, in this embodiment, after reconstructing the gain map according to the image block group and the target image block identification information, the method further includes:

[0156] Reconstructing and generating a high dynamic range HDR image according to the gain map and the standard dynamic range SDR image; or,

[0157] An SDR image is reconstructed based on the gain map and the HDR image.

[0158] In this way, the desired HDR image or SDR image is generated based on the gain map.

[0159] It should be noted that this method is implemented in conjunction with the gain map encoding method of the above embodiment. The implementation of the above method embodiment is applicable to this method and can achieve the same technical effect.

[0160] The following describes the application of the method of the embodiment of the present application in conjunction with Figures 13 to 18:

[0161] Scenario 1, as shown in Figure 13, a gain map is generated during the HDR image acquisition phase. Then, the gain map brightened area recognition is performed, that is, the target area (brightened area) in the gain map where the pixel points are greater than the first threshold is identified. Next, the gain map brightened area block is determined, that is, after determining the second image resolution based on the size of the brightened area and the first condition, the gain map is divided into at least one source image block based on the second image resolution, and at least one target image block (brightened area block) is determined therefrom. Next, the gain map brightened area block is reorganized, that is, at least one target image block is reorganized according to the first strategy. Next, the reorganized brightened area block is encoded. Of course, the encoding information of the gain map includes not only the encoding information of the reorganized brightened area block, but also the encoding information of the target image block identification information. The steps of generating the target image block identification information and encoding the target image block identification information are not shown in the figure.

[0162] If the saved image format is an SDR image and the corresponding gain map encoding information, when displaying the HDR image on a device with HDR capabilities, as shown in Figure 14, it is necessary to decode the encoding information of the gain map to obtain the image block group and target image block identification information of the gain map. The next step is to reconstruct the gain map. During the reconstruction process, the gain map of the original resolution will be reconstructed based on the auxiliary information (such as the first image resolution, the second image resolution, the original image resolution of the gain map, the index of the target image block), and the decoded image block group and target image block identification information of the gain map, as shown in Figure 15. The next step is to generate an HDR image based on the reconstructed gain map and the SDR image.

[0163] Among them, if the decoding end is also the encoding end, before decoding, it is only necessary to extract the encoding information of the gain map to be decoded and the corresponding auxiliary information from the storage space, and then perform decoding; if the decoding end is different from the encoding end, before decoding, it is necessary to receive the encoding information of the gain map to be decoded and the corresponding auxiliary information sent by the encoding end, and then perform decoding.

[0164] Scenario 2, as shown in FIG16 , a gain map is generated during the HDR image acquisition phase. Then, gain map brightened area identification is performed, i.e., target areas (brightened areas) in the gain map where the number of pixels is greater than a first threshold are identified. Next, gain map brightened area blocks are determined, i.e., after determining the second image resolution based on the size of the brightened area and the first condition, the gain map is divided into at least one source image block based on the second image resolution, from which at least one target image block (brightened area block) is determined. Next, gain map brightened area blocks are reorganized, i.e., at least one target image block is reorganized according to the first strategy. Next, the reorganized brightened area blocks are downsampled, i.e., the reorganized brightened area blocks are downsampled to 1 / 4 or 1 / 6. Next, the downsampled reorganized brightened area blocks are encoded. Of course, the encoding information of the gain map includes not only the encoding information of the reorganized brightened area blocks, but also the encoding information of the target image block identification information. The steps of generating the target image block identification information and encoding the target image block identification information are not shown in the figure.

[0165] If the saved image format is an SDR image and the corresponding encoding information of the gain map, when the HDR image is displayed on a device with HDR capabilities, as shown in Figure 17, the encoding information of the gain map needs to be decoded. Since the reconstructed brightened area blocks are downsampled during the encoding process, the next step is to upsample the decoded reconstructed brightened area blocks. The next step is to reconstruct the gain map. During the reconstruction process, the gain map of the original resolution will be reconstructed based on the auxiliary information (such as the first image resolution, the second image resolution, the original image resolution of the gain map, the index of the target image block), and the image block group and target image block identification information of the upsampled gain map, as shown in Figure 18. The next step is to generate an HDR image based on the reconstructed gain map and the SDR image.

[0166] If the saved image format is HDR and the corresponding gain map information, the corresponding decoding process is similar to the above process, except that the generated SDR image is based on the decoded HDR image, as well as the encoded information and auxiliary information of the gain map.

[0167] In this embodiment, the gain map may be a single channel or multiple channels such as R / G / B.

[0168] The gain map encoding method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be executed by a gain map encoding device. In the embodiment of the present application, the gain map encoding method performed by the gain map encoding device is taken as an example to illustrate the gain map encoding device provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0169] As shown in FIG19 , a gain map encoding apparatus 1900 according to an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0170] A first acquisition module 1910 is configured to acquire at least one target image block in the gain map, wherein the brightness of pixels in the target image block is greater than a first threshold;

[0171] A first processing module 1920 is configured to determine target image block identification information and an image block group of the gain map according to the at least one target image block;

[0172] The second processing module 1930 is configured to encode the target image block identification information and the image block group to obtain encoding information of the gain map.

[0173] Optionally, the first acquisition module includes:

[0174] a third processing submodule, configured to divide the gain map into at least one source image block based on the first image resolution;

[0175] a first identification submodule, configured to determine, as the at least one target image block, a source image block in which the brightness of pixels in the at least one source image block is greater than the first threshold and the proportion of pixels is greater than a second threshold;

[0176] The first image resolution is preset.

[0177] Optionally, the first acquisition module includes:

[0178] a second identification submodule, configured to identify a target area in the gain map based on the first threshold;

[0179] a fourth processing submodule, configured to determine a second image resolution based on the size of the target area and a first condition, wherein the first condition includes that a proportion of pixels having a brightness greater than the first threshold in each divided image block is greater than a third threshold or less than a fourth threshold;

[0180] a fifth processing submodule, configured to divide the gain map into at least one source image block based on the second image resolution;

[0181] The sixth processing submodule is configured to determine, as the at least one target image block, a source image block in which the brightness of pixels in the at least one source image block is greater than the first threshold and the proportion is greater than a third threshold.

[0182] Optionally, the first processing module includes:

[0183] A first processing submodule, configured to generate identification information of the target image block according to a position of the at least one target image block in the gain map;

[0184] The second processing submodule is configured to reorganize the at least one target image block according to a first strategy to generate the image block group; wherein the first strategy indicates a method for combining the at least one target image block.

[0185] Optionally, the target image block identification information is bit information, each bit of information corresponds to a source image block in the gain map and indicates whether the source image block is the target image block.

[0186] Optionally, the second processing module includes:

[0187] a seventh processing submodule, configured to encode the target image block identification information to obtain first information;

[0188] an eighth processing submodule, configured to downsample the image block group to obtain an image to be encoded;

[0189] a ninth processing submodule, configured to encode the image to be encoded to obtain second information;

[0190] A tenth processing submodule is configured to obtain encoding information of the gain map according to the first information and the second information.

[0191] Optionally, the second processing module is further configured to:

[0192] Encoding the target image block identification information to obtain first information;

[0193] encoding the image block group to obtain third information;

[0194] The encoding information of the gain map is obtained according to the first information and the third information.

[0195] Optionally, the device further comprises:

[0196] A fifth processing module, configured to determine auxiliary information used for encoding the gain map;

[0197] A storage module is used to store the coding information and the auxiliary information.

[0198] Optionally, the auxiliary information includes at least one of the following:

[0199] First image resolution;

[0200] Second image resolution;

[0201] the native resolution of the gain map;

[0202] an index of the at least one target image block;

[0203] Whether to encode the target image block;

[0204] Encoding method;

[0205] Downsampling ratio;

[0206] The strategy adopted for reorganizing the at least one target image block.

[0207] Optionally, the device further comprises:

[0208] a third processing module, configured to, when the gain map needs to be used, decode the encoding information to obtain the image block group and the target image block identification information;

[0209] A fourth processing module is configured to reconstruct the gain map according to the auxiliary information, the image block group, and the target image block identification information.

[0210] After obtaining at least one target image block in the gain map that includes pixels with brightness greater than the first threshold, the device can determine identification information for the at least one target image block and the image block group that includes the at least one target image block, thereby encoding the at least one target image block to obtain encoded information of the gain map. This method retains only the valid image of the gain map for encoding, improving encoding efficiency and reducing storage space while also enhancing the quality of the reconstructed image.

[0211] The gain map encoding device in the embodiment of the present application can be an electronic device or a component in an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or other devices other than a terminal. For example, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, an in-vehicle electronic device, a mobile Internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook or a personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. It can also be a server, a network attached storage (NAS), a personal computer (PC), a television (TV), a teller machine or a self-service machine, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit it.

[0212] The gain map encoding device in the embodiment of the present application may be a device having an operating system. The operating system may be an Android operating system, an iOS operating system, or other possible operating systems, which are not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0213] The gain map encoding device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented in the method embodiments of Figures 2 to 18. To avoid repetition, they are not described here.

[0214] As shown in FIG20 , a gain map decoding apparatus 2000 according to an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0215] The second acquisition module 2010 is used to obtain coding information of the gain map;

[0216] A decoding module 2020 is configured to decode the encoded information to obtain identification information of an image block group and a target image block;

[0217] The reconstruction module 2030 is configured to reconstruct the gain map according to the image block group and the target image block identification information.

[0218] Optionally, the reconstruction module includes:

[0219] a generating submodule, configured to generate at least one target image block based on the first strategy and the image block group;

[0220] a reconstruction submodule, configured to reconstruct the gain map according to the at least one target image block and the target image block identification information;

[0221] The first strategy indicates the manner in which the at least one target image block is combined.

[0222] Optionally, the target image block identification information is bit information, each bit of information corresponds to a source image block in the gain map and indicates whether the source image block is the target image block.

[0223] Optionally, the encoding information of the gain map includes first information and second information, and the decoding module is further configured to:

[0224] decoding the second information to obtain a decoded image;

[0225] Upsampling the decoded image to obtain the target image block group;

[0226] The first information is decoded to obtain the target image block identification information.

[0227] Optionally, the encoding information of the gain map includes first information and third information, and the decoding module is further configured to:

[0228] Decoding the third information to obtain the image block group;

[0229] The first information is decoded to obtain the target image block identification information.

[0230] Optionally, the device further comprises:

[0231] An image generation module is used to reconstruct and generate a high dynamic range (HDR) image based on the gain map and the standard dynamic range (SDR) image; or,

[0232] An SDR image is reconstructed based on the gain map and the HDR image.

[0233] After acquiring the encoded information of the gain map, the device decodes the encoded information to obtain the image block group and target image block identification information, and further reconstructs the gain map based on the image block group and target image block identification information.

[0234] The gain map decoding device in the embodiments of the present application can be an electronic device or a component of an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or a device other than a terminal. For example, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, an in-vehicle electronic device, a MID, an AR / VR device, a robot, a wearable device, a UMPC, a netbook, or a PDA, etc. It can also be a server, a NAS, a PC, a TV, a teller machine, or a self-service machine, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not specifically limited thereto.

[0235] The gain map decoding device in the embodiment of the present application may be a device having an operating system. The operating system may be an Android operating system, an iOS operating system, or other possible operating systems, which are not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0236] The gain map decoding device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented in the method embodiments of Figures 12 to 18. To avoid repetition, they are not described here.

[0237] Optionally, as shown in Figure 21, an embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device 2100, including a processor 2101 and a memory 2102, and the memory 2102 stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor 2101. When the program or instruction is executed by the processor 2101, the various steps of the above-mentioned gain map encoding method or gain map decoding method embodiment are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0238] It should be noted that the electronic devices in the embodiments of the present application include the mobile electronic devices and non-mobile electronic devices mentioned above.

[0239] FIG22 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device implementing an embodiment of the present application.

[0240] The electronic device 2200 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 2201, a network module 2202, an audio output unit 2203, an input unit 2204, a sensor 2205, a display unit 2206, a user input unit 2207, an interface unit 2208, a memory 2209, and a processor 2210.

[0241] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the electronic device 2200 may further include a power source (e.g., a battery) to power various components. The power source may be logically connected to the processor 2210 via a power management system, thereby enabling the power management system to manage charging, discharging, and power consumption. The electronic device structure shown in FIG. 1 does not limit the electronic device. The electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components or arrange the components differently, which will not be described in detail here.

[0242] The processor 2210 is configured to obtain at least one target image block in the gain map, wherein the brightness of pixels in the target image block is greater than a first threshold;

[0243] determining target image block identification information and an image block group of the gain map according to the at least one target image block;

[0244] The target image block identification information and the image block group are encoded to obtain encoding information of the gain map.

[0245] After obtaining at least one target image block in the gain map that includes pixels with brightness greater than the first threshold, the electronic device can determine identification information for the at least one target image block and the image block group that includes the at least one target image block, thereby encoding the at least one target image block to obtain encoded information of the gain map. This method retains only the valid image of the gain map for encoding, improving encoding efficiency and reducing storage space while also enhancing the quality of the reconstructed image.

[0246] Optionally, the processor 2210 is further configured to:

[0247] dividing the gain map into at least one source image block based on a first image resolution;

[0248] Determine, as the at least one target image block, a source image block in which the brightness of pixels in the at least one source image block is greater than the first threshold and the proportion of pixels is greater than a second threshold;

[0249] The first image resolution is preset.

[0250] Optionally, the processor 2210 is further configured to:

[0251] identifying a target area in the gain map based on the first threshold;

[0252] determining a second image resolution based on the size of the target area and a first condition, wherein the first condition includes that a proportion of pixels having a brightness greater than the first threshold in each divided image block is greater than a third threshold or less than a fourth threshold;

[0253] dividing the gain map into at least one source image block based on the second image resolution;

[0254] A source image block in which the brightness of pixels in the at least one source image block is greater than the first threshold and the proportion is greater than a third threshold is determined as the at least one target image block.

[0255] Optionally, the processor 2210 is further configured to:

[0256] generating identification information of the target image block according to a position of the at least one target image block in the gain map;

[0257] The at least one target image block is reorganized according to a first strategy to generate the image block group; wherein the first strategy indicates a method for combining the at least one target image block.

[0258] Optionally, the target image block identification information is bit information, each bit of information corresponds to a source image block in the gain map and indicates whether the source image block is the target image block.

[0259] Optionally, the processor 2210 is further configured to:

[0260] Encoding the target image block identification information to obtain first information;

[0261] Downsampling the image block group to obtain an image to be encoded;

[0262] Encoding the image to be encoded to obtain second information;

[0263] The encoding information of the gain map is obtained according to the first information and the second information.

[0264] Optionally, the processor 2210 is further configured to:

[0265] determining auxiliary information used for encoding the gain map;

[0266] The encoding information and the auxiliary information are stored.

[0267] Optionally, the auxiliary information includes at least one of the following:

[0268] First image resolution;

[0269] Second image resolution;

[0270] the native resolution of the gain map;

[0271] an index of the at least one target image block;

[0272] Whether to encode the target image block;

[0273] Encoding method;

[0274] Downsampling ratio;

[0275] The strategy adopted for reorganizing the at least one target image block.

[0276] Optionally, the processor 2210 is further configured to:

[0277] Decoding the encoded information to obtain identification information of the image block group and the target image block;

[0278] The gain map is reconstructed according to the auxiliary information, the image block group and the target image block identification information.

[0279] It should be understood that in an embodiment of the present application, the input unit 2204 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 22041 and a microphone 22042, and the graphics processor 22041 processes the image data of a static picture or video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The display unit 2206 may include a display panel 22061, and the display panel 22061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, etc. The user input unit 2207 includes a touch panel 22071 and at least one of other input devices 22072. The touch panel 22071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 22071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 22072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and a joystick, which will not be repeated here.

[0280] The memory 2209 can be used to store software programs and various data. The memory 2209 may mainly include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data, wherein the first storage area may store an operating system, applications or instructions required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.). In addition, the memory 2209 may include a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or the memory 2209 may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory 2209 in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0281] Processor 2210 may include one or more processing units. Optionally, processor 2210 integrates an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, and application programs, while the modem processor primarily processes wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into processor 2210.

[0282] Of course, the electronic device shown in FIG22 can also apply the gain map decoding method shown in the above embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

[0283] An embodiment of the present application further provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, each process of the above-mentioned gain map encoding method or gain map decoding method embodiment is implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it is not repeated here.

[0284] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0285] An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned gain map encoding method or gain map decoding method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they are not further described here.

[0286] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0287] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned gain map encoding method or gain map decoding method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they are not described here.

[0288] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In addition, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the opposite order according to the functions involved. For example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0289] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, and of course can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a computer software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), including a number of instructions for enabling a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0290] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A gain map encoding method, comprising: Acquire at least one target image block in the gain map, wherein the brightness of pixels in the target image block is greater than a first threshold; Determining target image block identification information and an image block group of the gain map according to the at least one target image block; The target image block identification information and the image block group are encoded to obtain encoding information of the gain map.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The obtaining at least one target image block in the gain map comprises: dividing the gain map into at least one source image block based on a first image resolution; Determine, as the at least one target image block, a source image block in which the brightness of pixels in the at least one source image block is greater than the first threshold and the proportion of pixels is greater than the second threshold; The first image resolution is preset.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The obtaining at least one target image block in the gain map comprises: Based on the first threshold, identifying a target area in the gain map; Determining the second image resolution based on the size of the target area and a first condition, wherein the first condition includes that the proportion of pixels having brightness greater than the first threshold in each image block after division is greater than a third threshold or less than a fourth threshold; dividing the gain map into at least one source image block based on the second image resolution; A source image block in which the brightness of pixels in the at least one source image block is greater than the first threshold and the proportion is greater than a third threshold is determined as the at least one target image block.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The step of determining the target image block identification information and the image block group of the gain map according to the at least one target image block comprises: Generating identification information of the target image block according to a position of the at least one target image block in the gain map; The at least one target image block is reorganized according to a first strategy to generate the image block group; wherein the first strategy indicates the way in which the at least one target image block is combined.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The target image block identification information is bit information, each bit of information corresponds to a source image block in the gain map and indicates whether the source image block is the target image block.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The step of encoding the target image block identification information and the image block group to obtain the encoding information of the gain map includes: Encoding the target image block identification information to obtain first information; Downsampling the image block group to obtain an image to be encoded; Encoding the image to be encoded to obtain second information; The encoding information of the gain map is obtained according to the first information and the second information.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The step of encoding the target image block identification information and the image block group to obtain the encoding information of the gain map includes: Encoding the target image block identification information to obtain first information; Encoding the image block group to obtain third information; The encoding information of the gain map is obtained according to the first information and the third information.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Also includes: Determining auxiliary information used for encoding the gain map; The encoding information and the auxiliary information are stored.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The auxiliary information includes at least one of the following: first image resolution; second image resolution; the original resolution of the gain map; an index of the at least one target image block; Whether to encode the target image block; Coding method; Downsampling ratio; The at least one target image block is reorganized using a strategy.

10. A gain map decoding method, comprising: Obtaining encoding information of the gain map; Decoding the encoded information to obtain image block groups and target image block identification information; The gain map is reconstructed according to the image block group and the target image block identification information.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The reconstructing the gain map according to the image block group and the target image block identification information comprises: Based on the first strategy and the image block group, generating at least one target image block; reconstructing the gain map according to the at least one target image block and the target image block identification information; The first strategy indicates the manner in which the at least one target image block is combined.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The target image block identification information is bit information, each bit of information corresponds to a source image block in the gain map and indicates whether the source image block is the target image block.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The encoding information of the gain map includes first information and second information, and decoding the encoding information to obtain the image block group and the target image block identification information includes: Decoding the second information to obtain a decoded image; The decoded image is up-sampled to obtain the target image block group; The first information is decoded to obtain the target image block identification information.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The encoding information of the gain map includes first information and third information, and decoding the encoding information to obtain the image block group and the target image block identification information includes: Decoding the third information to obtain the image block group; The first information is decoded to obtain the target image block identification information.

15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein: After reconstructing the gain map according to the image block group and the target image block identification information, the method further includes: Reconstructing and generating a high dynamic range HDR image according to the gain map and the standard dynamic range SDR image; or, An SDR image is reconstructed and generated according to the gain map and the HDR image.

16. A gain map encoding device, comprising: A first acquisition module, used to acquire at least one target image block in the gain map, wherein the brightness of pixels in the target image block is greater than a first threshold; A first processing module, configured to determine target image block identification information and an image block group of the gain map according to the at least one target image block; The second processing module is used to encode the target image block identification information and the image block group to obtain encoding information of the gain map.

17. The device according to claim 16, wherein: The first processing module comprises: A first processing submodule, configured to generate identification information of the target image block according to a position of the at least one target image block in the gain map; The second processing submodule is used to reorganize the at least one target image block according to a first strategy to generate the image block group; wherein the first strategy indicates the way in which the at least one target image block is combined.

18. A gain map decoding device, comprising: A second acquisition module, used to acquire encoding information of the gain map; A decoding module, used for decoding the coded information to obtain the image block group and target image block identification information; A reconstruction module is used to reconstruct the gain map according to the image block group and the target image block identification information.

19. The device according to claim 18, wherein: The reconstruction module comprises: A generating submodule, configured to generate at least one target image block based on the first strategy and the image block group; a reconstruction submodule, configured to reconstruct the gain map according to the at least one target image block and the target image block identification information; The first strategy indicates the manner in which the at least one target image block is combined.

20. An electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the gain map encoding method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 or the gain map decoding method as described in any one of claims 10 to 15 are implemented.

21. A readable storage medium storing a program or instruction, wherein the program or instruction, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the gain map encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or the gain map decoding method according to any one of claims 10 to 15.

22. A chip, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run a program or instruction to implement the gain map encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or the steps of the gain map decoding method according to any one of claims 10 to 15.

23. A computer program product, wherein the computer program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the gain map encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or the gain map decoding method according to any one of claims 10 to 15.

24. An electronic device, configured to execute the steps of the gain map encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or the gain map decoding method according to any one of claims 10 to 15.

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