Communication method based on alignment marker (AM), and related apparatus

Abstract

Provided in the embodiments of the present application are a communication method based on an alignment marker (AM), and a related apparatus. The method comprises: a first communication apparatus sending a first AM to a second communication apparatus, wherein the first AM instructs the second communication apparatus to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode; and the first communication apparatus receiving a second AM from the second communication apparatus, wherein the second AM indicates that the second communication apparatus has adjusted the FEC mode. Instruction information for adjusting an FEC mode is transmitted by means of an AM, and the AM is fully utilized, such that AM-based lossless information transmission is achieved, the utilization rate of the AM is increased, and the communication efficiency is improved.

Description

A communication method based on alignment identifier AM and related device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on June 12, 2023, with application number CN202310695255.3 and invention name “A communication method and related device based on alignment identifier AM”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method based on an alignment identifier AM and related devices. Background Art

[0003] Since the 40 Gigabit Ethernet (GE) / 100GE era, Ethernet has introduced multi-lane data distribution technology in the Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS). The transmitter periodically inserts alignment markers (AMs) in the PCS lanes, enabling the receiver to align data between lanes and identify lane numbers based on the AMs. This offsets the effects of inconsistent signal transmission rates between lanes and restores the data order at the transmitter.

[0004] Currently, the properties of an AM are the same across different Ethernet rate specifications. For example, for the Ethernet rate specifications "200GBASE-R PCS" and "400GBASE-R PCS," the AM format for each PCS channel is shown in Figure 1, which illustrates a schematic diagram of the AM structure. The AM consists of a common marker (CM) field, a unique marker (UM) field, and a unique pad (UP) field. The CM field is shared by all PCS channels (referred to as channels), while the UM and UP fields are unique to each channel. The CM field is used for data alignment between channels, while the UM and UP fields are used to identify port numbers.

[0005] For the 200GBASE-R PCS, the specific contents of the AM are shown in Figure 2, which illustrates the AM encoding for 200GBASE-R. For the 400GBASE-R PCS, the specific contents of the AM are shown in Figure 3, which illustrates the AM encoding for 400GBASE-R. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the contents of the AM depend on the PCS lane number. The contents of the CM0 through CM5 fields are identical across all AMs, allowing for common synchronization between PCS lanes.

[0006] The applicant's research found that after the transmitter and receiver complete inter-channel data alignment and channel number identification through AM, the AM inserted in the data stream no longer has any effect. At this time, the AM inserted in the data stream actually wastes communication resources.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application proposes a communication method based on an alignment identifier AM, comprising:

[0009] A first communication device sends a first alignment identifier AM to a second communication device, instructing the second communication device to adjust its forward error correction (FEC) mode. The first communication device then receives a second AM from the second communication device and determines, based on the second AM, that the second communication device has adjusted its FEC mode. This allows the first communication device to communicate with the second communication device using the adjusted FEC mode. The first communication device uses the AM to transmit the FEC mode adjustment instruction, fully utilizing the AM and achieving lossless information transmission based on the AM. This improves AM utilization and communication efficiency.

[0010] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first AM includes a first specific identifier UM field combination, the first UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the first UM field combination instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode. Specifically, the first communication device implements information transmission through the first UM field combination included in the first AM, thereby improving communication efficiency.

[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first UM field combination indicates a type of FEC mode to be increased by the second communication apparatus, or the first UM field combination indicates a type of FEC mode to be decreased by the second communication apparatus. The first UM field combination can be used to indicate to the second communication apparatus whether to increase the FEC mode type or decrease the FEC mode type, thereby improving the convenience of adjusting the FEC mode.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second AM includes a second specific identifier UM field combination, the second UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode. Specifically, the second communication device implements information transmission through the second UM field combination included in the second AM, thereby improving communication efficiency.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has increased the type of the FEC mode, or the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has decreased the type of the FEC mode. The second UM field combination can be used to indicate that the second communication device has increased the type of the FEC mode or decreased the type of the FEC mode, thereby improving the convenience of adjusting the FEC mode.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method. The first UM field combination is composed of codewords included in the first codeword set, and the first codeword set is obtained by eBCH (16,5) encoding. Therefore, the first UM field combination meets the characteristics of large Hamming distance and direct current (DC) balance. Communication performance is improved.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second UM field combination is composed of codewords included in the first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method. The second UM field combination is composed of codewords included in the first codeword set, and the first codeword set is obtained by eBCH (16,5) encoding. Therefore, the second UM field combination meets the characteristics of large Hamming distance and direct current (DC) balance. Communication performance is improved.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords:

[0017] Or, 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1. The first codeword set meets the characteristics of large Hamming distance and direct current (DC) balance.

[0018] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the length of the first AM is 120 bits, and the length of the second AM is 120 bits. The first AM and the second AM are compatible with current standard Ethernet.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first AM further includes: a first common identification CM field combination and a first specific padding UP field, the first CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the first UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the first CM field combination, the first UP field has a length of 8 bits, and the first UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits. The first AM is compatible with the AM format of the existing technology and fully utilizes the UP field in the current AM format to improve communication efficiency.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first UM field combination includes: a first UM field, a second UM field, a third UM field, a fourth UM field, a fifth UM field, a sixth UM field, a seventh UM field, and an eighth UM field, wherein the first UM field and the second UM field are composed of a first codeword, the third UM field and the fourth UM field are composed of a second codeword, the fifth UM field and the sixth UM field are composed of a third codeword, the seventh UM field and the eighth UM field are composed of a fourth codeword, and the first codeword, the second codeword, the third codeword, and the fourth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0021] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second AM further includes: a second common identification CM field combination and a second specific padding UP field, the second CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which is 8 bits long, the second UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the second CM field combination, the second UP field is 8 bits long, and the second UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which is 8 bits long. The first AM is compatible with the AM format of the existing technology and fully utilizes the UP field in the current AM format to improve communication efficiency.

[0022] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second UM field combination includes: a ninth UM field, a tenth UM field, an eleventh UM field, a twelfth UM field, a thirteenth UM field, a fourteenth UM field, a fifteenth UM field, and a sixteenth UM field, wherein the ninth UM field and the tenth UM field are composed of a fifth codeword, the eleventh UM field and the twelfth UM field are composed of a sixth codeword, the thirteenth UM field and the fourteenth UM field are composed of a seventh codeword, the fifteenth UM field and the sixteenth UM field are composed of an eighth codeword, and the fifth codeword, the sixth codeword, the seventh codeword, and the eighth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1. The codeword included in the first UP field satisfies DC balance.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1. The codeword included in the second UP field satisfies DC balance.

[0025] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, after the first communication device sends the first alignment identifier AM to the second communication device, the method further includes: the first communication device sends a third alignment identifier AM to the second communication device, the third AM instructing the second communication device to adjust the forward error correction FEC mode; after the first communication device receives the second AM from the second communication device, the method further includes: the first communication device receives a fourth AM from the second communication device, the fourth AM indicating that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode. By sending two consecutive request messages requesting adjustment of the FEC mode and two consecutive response messages indicating that the FEC mode has been adjusted, it is ensured that there is no misidentification of the FEC mode adjustment over a long period of time, thereby improving the accuracy of the FEC mode adjustment.

[0026] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application proposes a communication method based on an alignment identifier AM, including:

[0027] The second communication device receives a first alignment identifier AM from the first communication device, which instructs the second communication device to adjust its forward error correction (FEC) mode. The second communication device then sends a second AM to the first communication device, indicating that the second communication device has adjusted its FEC mode. In response to the first AM, the second communication device adjusts its FEC mode. Finally, the second communication device communicates with the first communication device using the adjusted FEC mode. The second communication device transmits the forward error correction (FEC) mode adjustment instruction via the AM, fully utilizing the AM and achieving lossless information transmission based on the AM. This improves AM utilization and communication efficiency.

[0028] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first AM includes a first specific identifier UM field combination, the first UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the first UM field combination instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode. Specifically, the first communication device implements information transmission through the first UM field combination included in the first AM, thereby improving communication efficiency.

[0029] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first UM field combination indicates a type of FEC mode to be increased by the second communication device, or the first UM field combination indicates a type of FEC mode to be decreased by the second communication device. The first UM field combination can be used to indicate to the second communication device whether to increase the FEC mode type or decrease the FEC mode type, thereby improving the convenience of adjusting the FEC mode.

[0030] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second AM includes a second specific identifier UM field combination, the second UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode. Specifically, the second communication device implements information transmission through the second UM field combination included in the second AM, thereby improving communication efficiency.

[0031] In conjunction with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has increased the type of the FEC mode, or the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has decreased the type of the FEC mode. The second UM field combination can be used to indicate that the second communication device has increased the type of the FEC mode or decreased the type of the FEC mode, thereby improving the convenience of adjusting the FEC mode.

[0032] In conjunction with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method. The first UM field combination is composed of codewords included in the first codeword set, and the first codeword set is obtained by eBCH (16,5) encoding. Therefore, the first UM field combination meets the characteristics of large Hamming distance and direct current (DC) balance. Communication performance is improved.

[0033] In conjunction with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second UM field combination is composed of codewords included in the first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method. The second UM field combination is composed of codewords included in the first codeword set, and the first codeword set is obtained by eBCH (16,5) encoding. Therefore, the second UM field combination meets the characteristics of large Hamming distance and direct current (DC) balance. Communication performance is improved.

[0034] In conjunction with the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords:

[0035] Or, 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1. The first codeword set meets the characteristics of large Hamming distance and direct current (DC) balance.

[0036] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the length of the first AM is 120 bits, and the length of the second AM is 120 bits. The first AM and the second AM are compatible with current standard Ethernet.

[0037] In conjunction with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first AM further includes: a first common identification CM field combination and a first specific padding UP field, the first CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the first UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the first CM field combination, the first UP field has a length of 8 bits, and the first UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits. The first AM is compatible with the AM format of the existing technology and fully utilizes the UP field in the current AM format to improve communication efficiency.

[0038] In combination with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first UM field combination includes: a first UM field, a second UM field, a third UM field, a fourth UM field, a fifth UM field, a sixth UM field, a seventh UM field, and an eighth UM field, wherein the first UM field and the second UM field are composed of a first codeword, the third UM field and the fourth UM field are composed of a second codeword, the fifth UM field and the sixth UM field are composed of a third codeword, the seventh UM field and the eighth UM field are composed of a fourth codeword, and the first codeword, the second codeword, the third codeword, and the fourth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0039] In conjunction with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second AM further includes: a second public identification CM field combination and a second specific padding UP field, the second CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which is 8 bits long, the second UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the second CM field combination, the second UP field is 8 bits long, and the second UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which is 8 bits long. The first AM is compatible with the AM format of the existing technology and fully utilizes the UP field in the current AM format to improve communication efficiency.

[0040] In combination with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second UM field combination includes: a ninth UM field, a tenth UM field, an eleventh UM field, a twelfth UM field, a thirteenth UM field, a fourteenth UM field, a fifteenth UM field, and a sixteenth UM field, wherein the ninth UM field and the tenth UM field are composed of a fifth codeword, the eleventh UM field and the twelfth UM field are composed of a sixth codeword, the thirteenth UM field and the fourteenth UM field are composed of a seventh codeword, the fifteenth UM field and the sixteenth UM field are composed of an eighth codeword, and the fifth codeword, the sixth codeword, the seventh codeword, and the eighth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0041] In conjunction with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1. The codeword included in the first UP field satisfies DC balance.

[0042] In conjunction with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1. The codeword included in the second UP field satisfies DC balance.

[0043] In combination with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second communication device receives a first alignment identifier AM from the first communication device. After the first alignment identifier AM is received, the method further includes: the second communication device receives a third alignment identifier AM from the first communication device, the third AM instructing the second communication device to adjust the forward error correction (FEC) mode; after the second communication device sends the second AM to the first communication device, the method further includes: the second communication device sends a fourth AM to the first communication device, the fourth AM indicating that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode. By sending two consecutive request messages requesting adjustment of the FEC mode and two consecutive response messages indicating that the FEC mode has been adjusted, it is ensured that there is no misidentification of the FEC mode adjustment over a long period of time, thereby improving the accuracy of the FEC mode adjustment.

[0044] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which is used as a first communication device, and includes: a transceiver module and a processing module;

[0045] a transceiver module, configured to send a first alignment identifier AM to a second communication device, wherein the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode;

[0046] The transceiver module is further configured to receive a second AM from the second communication device, where the second AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the first AM includes a first specific identification UM field combination, the first UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the first UM field combination instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

[0048] In a possible implementation, the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus increases the type of the FEC mode, or the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus decreases the type of the FEC mode.

[0049] In a possible implementation, the second AM includes a second specific identification UM field combination, the second UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has increased the type of FEC mode, or the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has decreased the type of FEC mode.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the first UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the second UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

[0053] In a possible implementation, the first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords:

[0054] In a possible implementation, the length of the first AM is 120 bits, and the length of the second AM is 120 bits.

[0055] In a possible implementation, the first AM further includes: a first common identification CM field combination and a first specific padding UP field, the first CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the first UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the first CM field combination, the length of the first UP field is 8 bits, and the first UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits.

[0056] In a possible implementation, the first UM field combination includes: a first UM field, a second UM field, a third UM field, a fourth UM field, a fifth UM field, a sixth UM field, a seventh UM field, and an eighth UM field, wherein the first UM field and the second UM field are composed of a first codeword, the third UM field and the fourth UM field are composed of a second codeword, the fifth UM field and the sixth UM field are composed of a third codeword, the seventh UM field and the eighth UM field are composed of a fourth codeword, and the first codeword, the second codeword, the third codeword, and the fourth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0057] In a possible implementation, the second AM further includes: a second public identification CM field combination and a second specific padding UP field, the second CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the second UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the second CM field combination, the length of the second UP field is 8 bits, and the second UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits.

[0058] In a possible implementation, the second UM field combination includes: a ninth UM field, a tenth UM field, an eleventh UM field, a twelfth UM field, a thirteenth UM field, a fourteenth UM field, a fifteenth UM field, and a sixteenth UM field, wherein the ninth UM field and the tenth UM field are composed of a fifth codeword, the eleventh UM field and the twelfth UM field are composed of a sixth codeword, the thirteenth UM field and the fourteenth UM field are composed of a seventh codeword, the fifteenth UM field and the sixteenth UM field are composed of an eighth codeword, and the fifth codeword, the sixth codeword, the seventh codeword, and the eighth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0059] In a possible implementation, the first UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1.

[0060] In a possible implementation, the second UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1.

[0061] In one possible implementation,

[0062] The transceiver module is further configured to send a third alignment identifier AM to the second communication device, wherein the third AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode;

[0063] The transceiver module is further configured to receive a fourth AM from the second communication device, where the fourth AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0064] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which is used as a second communication device, and includes: a transceiver module and a processing module;

[0065] a transceiver module, configured to receive a first alignment identifier AM from a first communication device, wherein the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode;

[0066] The transceiver module is further configured to send a second AM to the first communication device, where the second AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode;

[0067] The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first communication device using the adjusted FEC mode.

[0068] In a possible implementation, the first AM includes a first specific identification UM field combination, the first UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the first UM field combination instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

[0069] In a possible implementation, the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus increases the type of the FEC mode, or the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus decreases the type of the FEC mode.

[0070] In a possible implementation, the second AM includes a second specific identification UM field combination, the second UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0071] In a possible implementation, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has increased the type of FEC mode, or the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has decreased the type of FEC mode.

[0072] In one possible implementation, the first UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the second UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

[0074] In a possible implementation, the first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords:

[0075] In a possible implementation, the length of the first AM is 120 bits, and the length of the second AM is 120 bits.

[0076] In a possible implementation, the first AM further includes: a first common identification CM field combination and a first specific padding UP field, the first CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the first UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the first CM field combination, the length of the first UP field is 8 bits, and the first UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits.

[0077] In a possible implementation, the first UM field combination includes: a first UM field, a second UM field, a third UM field, a fourth UM field, a fifth UM field, a sixth UM field, a seventh UM field, and an eighth UM field, wherein the first UM field and the second UM field are composed of a first codeword, the third UM field and the fourth UM field are composed of a second codeword, the fifth UM field and the sixth UM field are composed of a third codeword, the seventh UM field and the eighth UM field are composed of a fourth codeword, and the first codeword, the second codeword, the third codeword, and the fourth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0078] In a possible implementation, the second AM further includes: a second public identification CM field combination and a second specific padding UP field, the second CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the second UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the second CM field combination, the length of the second UP field is 8 bits, and the second UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits.

[0079] In a possible implementation, the second UM field combination includes: a ninth UM field, a tenth UM field, an eleventh UM field, a twelfth UM field, a thirteenth UM field, a fourteenth UM field, a fifteenth UM field, and a sixteenth UM field, wherein the ninth UM field and the tenth UM field are composed of a fifth codeword, the eleventh UM field and the twelfth UM field are composed of a sixth codeword, the thirteenth UM field and the fourteenth UM field are composed of a seventh codeword, the fifteenth UM field and the sixteenth UM field are composed of an eighth codeword, and the fifth codeword, the sixth codeword, the seventh codeword, and the eighth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0080] In a possible implementation, the first UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1.

[0081] In a possible implementation, the second UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1.

[0082] In a possible implementation, the transceiver module is further configured to receive a third alignment identifier AM from the first communication device, where the third AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode;

[0083] The transceiver module is further configured to send a fourth AM to the first communication device, where the fourth AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0084] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which is used as a first communication device and includes: a communication interface and a processor;

[0085] A communication interface, configured to send a first alignment identifier AM to a second communication device, wherein the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode;

[0086] The communication interface is further configured to receive a second AM from the second communication device, where the second AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0087] In a possible implementation, the first AM includes a first specific identification UM field combination, the first UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the first UM field combination instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

[0088] In a possible implementation, the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus increases the type of the FEC mode, or the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus decreases the type of the FEC mode.

[0089] In a possible implementation, the second AM includes a second specific identification UM field combination, the second UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0090] In a possible implementation, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has increased the type of FEC mode, or the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has decreased the type of FEC mode.

[0091] In one possible implementation, the first UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

[0092] In one possible implementation, the second UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

[0093] In a possible implementation, the first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords:

[0094] In a possible implementation, the length of the first AM is 120 bits, and the length of the second AM is 120 bits.

[0095] In a possible implementation, the first AM further includes: a first common identification CM field combination and a first specific padding UP field, the first CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the first UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the first CM field combination, the length of the first UP field is 8 bits, and the first UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits.

[0096] In a possible implementation, the first UM field combination includes: a first UM field, a second UM field, a third UM field, a fourth UM field, a fifth UM field, a sixth UM field, a seventh UM field, and an eighth UM field, wherein the first UM field and the second UM field are composed of a first codeword, the third UM field and the fourth UM field are composed of a second codeword, the fifth UM field and the sixth UM field are composed of a third codeword, the seventh UM field and the eighth UM field are composed of a fourth codeword, and the first codeword, the second codeword, the third codeword, and the fourth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0097] In a possible implementation, the second AM further includes: a second public identification CM field combination and a second specific padding UP field, the second CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the second UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the second CM field combination, the length of the second UP field is 8 bits, and the second UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits.

[0098] In a possible implementation, the second UM field combination includes: a ninth UM field, a tenth UM field, an eleventh UM field, a twelfth UM field, a thirteenth UM field, a fourteenth UM field, a fifteenth UM field, and a sixteenth UM field, wherein the ninth UM field and the tenth UM field are composed of a fifth codeword, the eleventh UM field and the twelfth UM field are composed of a sixth codeword, the thirteenth UM field and the fourteenth UM field are composed of a seventh codeword, the fifteenth UM field and the sixteenth UM field are composed of an eighth codeword, and the fifth codeword, the sixth codeword, the seventh codeword, and the eighth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0099] In a possible implementation, the first UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1.

[0100] In a possible implementation, the second UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1.

[0101] In one possible implementation,

[0102] The communication interface is further configured to send a third alignment identifier AM to the second communication device, wherein the third AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode;

[0103] The communication interface is further configured to receive a fourth AM from the second communication device, where the fourth AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0104] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which is used as a second communication device, and includes: a communication interface and a processor;

[0105] A communication interface, configured to receive a first alignment identifier AM from a first communication device, wherein the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode;

[0106] The communication interface is further configured to send a second AM to the first communication device, wherein the second AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode;

[0107] The communication interface is further configured to communicate with the first communication device using the adjusted FEC mode.

[0108] In a possible implementation, the first AM includes a first specific identification UM field combination, the first UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the first UM field combination instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

[0109] In a possible implementation, the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus increases the type of the FEC mode, or the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus decreases the type of the FEC mode.

[0110] In a possible implementation, the second AM includes a second specific identification UM field combination, the second UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0111] In a possible implementation, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has increased the type of FEC mode, or the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication apparatus has decreased the type of FEC mode.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the first UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

[0113] In one possible implementation, the second UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, the first codeword set includes multiple codewords, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

[0114] In a possible implementation, the first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords:

[0115] In a possible implementation, the length of the first AM is 120 bits, and the length of the second AM is 120 bits.

[0116] In a possible implementation, the first AM further includes: a first common identification CM field combination and a first specific padding UP field, the first CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the first UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the first CM field combination, the length of the first UP field is 8 bits, and the first UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits.

[0117] In a possible implementation, the first UM field combination includes: a first UM field, a second UM field, a third UM field, a fourth UM field, a fifth UM field, a sixth UM field, a seventh UM field, and an eighth UM field, wherein the first UM field and the second UM field are composed of a first codeword, the third UM field and the fourth UM field are composed of a second codeword, the fifth UM field and the sixth UM field are composed of a third codeword, the seventh UM field and the eighth UM field are composed of a fourth codeword, and the first codeword, the second codeword, the third codeword, and the fourth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0118] In a possible implementation, the second AM further includes: a second public identification CM field combination and a second specific padding UP field, the second CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits, the second UP field evenly separates the 6 CM fields included in the second CM field combination, the length of the second UP field is 8 bits, and the second UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits.

[0119] In a possible implementation, the second UM field combination includes: a ninth UM field, a tenth UM field, an eleventh UM field, a twelfth UM field, a thirteenth UM field, a fourteenth UM field, a fifteenth UM field, and a sixteenth UM field, wherein the ninth UM field and the tenth UM field are composed of a fifth codeword, the eleventh UM field and the twelfth UM field are composed of a sixth codeword, the thirteenth UM field and the fourteenth UM field are composed of a seventh codeword, the fifteenth UM field and the sixteenth UM field are composed of an eighth codeword, and the fifth codeword, the sixth codeword, the seventh codeword, and the eighth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0120] In a possible implementation, the first UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1.

[0121] In a possible implementation, the second UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87, or 0xE1.

[0122] In a possible implementation, the communication interface is further configured to receive a third alignment identifier AM from the first communication device, where the third AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode;

[0123] The communication interface is further configured to send a fourth AM to the first communication device, where the fourth AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0124] In the seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores one or more computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, the processor executes any possible implementation method as described in the first or second aspect above.

[0125] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product (or computer program) that stores one or more computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes any possible implementation of the first or second aspect described above.

[0126] In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a chip system comprising a processor for supporting a computer device in implementing the functions described in the above aspects. In one possible design, the chip system further comprises a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary for the computer device. The chip system may be composed solely of a chip or may include a chip and other discrete components.

[0127] In the tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, which includes at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected through lines, and the at least one processor is used to run computer programs or instructions to perform the method of the first aspect.

[0128] The communication interface in the chip system may be an input / output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0129] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of AM;

[0130] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of AM coding for 200GBASE-R;

[0131] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of AM coding for 400GBASE-R;

[0132] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture involved in an embodiment of the present application;

[0133] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of AM transmission;

[0134] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the Hamming distance between any two AMs in 200GBASE-R PCS;

[0135] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the Hamming distance between any two AMs in 400GBASE-R PCS;

[0136] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of PAM4 Gray mapping;

[0137] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the DC value of AM of 200GBASE-R;

[0138] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the DC value of AM of 400GBASE-R;

[0139] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a communication method based on an alignment identifier AM in an embodiment of the present application;

[0140] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a first AM in an embodiment of the present application;

[0141] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a second AM in an embodiment of the present application;

[0142] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of an encoding process in an embodiment of the present application;

[0143] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a first codeword set in an embodiment of the present application;

[0144] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the Hamming distance of the first codeword set in an embodiment of the present application;

[0145] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first AM in an embodiment of the present application;

[0146] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first AM in an embodiment of the present application;

[0147] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first UM field combination in an embodiment of the present application;

[0148] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the second AM in an embodiment of the present application;

[0149] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the second AM in an embodiment of the present application;

[0150] FIG22 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the second UM field combination in an embodiment of the present application;

[0151] FIG23 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an alignment identifier according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0152] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a communication method based on an alignment identifier AM in an embodiment of the present application;

[0153] FIG25 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario in an embodiment of the present application;

[0154] FIG26 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 2600 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0155] FIG27 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 2700 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0156] FIG28 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 2800 provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0157] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. The terms "first", "second" and corresponding terminology labels in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, and this is merely a way of distinguishing objects of the same properties when describing the embodiments of the present application. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, so that a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of units is not necessarily limited to those units, but may include other units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0158] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means or, for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in this application is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of this application, "at least one" refers to one or more items, and "multiple items" refers to two or more items. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a, b and c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0159] With the development of the Internet, the requirements for network traffic are becoming increasingly higher. For example, currently there are 100G (100,000 megabits per second), 200G (200,000 megabits per second), and 400G (400,000 megabits per second) Ethernet technologies. As the Internet develops, the requirements for Ethernet speed will be even higher. As shown in Figure 4, a system architecture diagram is shown, which is a system architecture diagram of an embodiment of the present application. The first communication device and the second communication device are connected via multiple physical channels. Parallel transmission of multiple physical channels can increase the speed of Ethernet. For example, the physical channel can be a high-speed bus, such as copper wire or optical fiber. In this way, the first communication device and the second communication device can be electrically interconnected via copper wire. For example, for 200G Ethernet technology, the first communication device and the second communication device can be connected via 8 physical channels, 4 physical channels, 2 physical channels, or 1 physical channel; for another example, for 400G Ethernet technology, the first communication device and the second communication device can be connected via 16 physical channels, 8 physical channels, 4 physical channels, 2 physical channels, or 1 physical channel. For another example, for 100G Ethernet technology, the first communication device and the second communication device are connected through 4 physical channels, 2 physical channels, or 1 physical channel.

[0160] It is understandable that the first communication device and the second communication device can be chips, units with transceiver functions, or physical devices. If the first communication device sends data, the second communication device receives the data; if the second communication device sends data, the first communication device receives the data. The first communication device's transmit physical channel corresponds one-to-one with the second communication device's receive physical channel; and the second communication device's transmit physical channel corresponds one-to-one with the first communication device's receive physical channel. The embodiments of this application are described using the example of the first communication device as a transmitter and the second communication device as a receiver.

[0161] Either the first communication device or the second communication device includes a reconciliation sublayer and an Ethernet physical layer, wherein the Ethernet physical layer includes a physical coding sublayer (PCS), a physical medium attachment (PMA) layer, and a physical media dependent (PMD) layer. The PCS defines Z PCS channels, each of which corresponds one-to-one to Z alignment markers (AMs), and each of which is a virtual channel. Z is an integer greater than 0, and is an integer multiple of X, such as Z = 2*X or 4*X.

[0162] There is a mapping relationship between the physical channels and logical channels in the first communication device and the second communication device. For example, one physical channel corresponds to one logical channel, or one physical channel corresponds to two logical channels, or one physical channel corresponds to four logical channels, etc. In other words, one physical channel can carry data of one or more logical channels.

[0163] Furthermore, IEEE 802.3 defines different numbers of logical channels for different Ethernet speeds. For example, 100G Ethernet has four logical channels. Another example is 200G Ethernet has eight logical channels. Another example is 400G Ethernet has 16 logical channels.

[0164] In the embodiments of the present application, the number of logical channels defined for Ethernet technologies of different speeds may be consistent with the number of logical channels defined for Ethernet technologies of different speeds, or may be different from the number of logical channels defined for Ethernet technologies of different speeds as defined in IEEE802.3. For example, IEEE802.3 defines the number of logical channels for 400G Ethernet technology as 16, with each logical channel supporting 25G bandwidth; whereas, the present application may define the number of logical channels for 400G Ethernet technology as 4, with each logical channel supporting 100G bandwidth.

[0165] It should be noted that the logical channel can be a physical coding sublayer (PCS) channel or a forward error correction (FEC) channel. For example, for a 200G / 400G Ethernet interface, the logical channel can be called a PCS channel or an FEC channel. For another example, for a 100G Ethernet interface, the logical channel can be called an FEC channel. Since PCS channels and FEC channels are usually distributed inside the implementation unit, and for the purpose of distinguishing them from physical medium attachment (PMA) channels, they are generally referred to as logical channels. In this application, they are also referred to as logical channels.

[0166] When a first communication device and a second communication device transmit data over multiple logical channels, IEEE 802.3 specifies an alignment marker (AM) to identify each logical channel, ensuring that the second communication device can lock and align the logical channels. AMs (or AM blocks) are transmitted periodically, as shown in Figure 5, which illustrates AM transmission. As shown in Figure 5, an AM is transmitted every T interval in the data stream.

[0167] AM has a specific format. Taking 200G / 400G Ethernet technology as an example, the AM format is shown in Figure 1. CM0-CM5 in the common marker (CM) are common identifiers for multiple logical channels, UM0-UM5 in the unique marker (UM) are used to uniquely identify a logical channel, and UP0, UP1, and UP2 in the unique padding (UP) are padding bits. In other words, the CM0, CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, and CM5 in the AM of each logical channel are the same, while the UM0, UM1, UM2, UM3, UM4, and UM5, as well as UP0, UP1, and UP2, of any two logical channels are different. For example, Figures 2 and 3 illustrate this.

[0168] Regarding the Ethernet rate specifications "200GBASE-R PCS" and "400GBASE-R PCS" shown in Figures 2 and 3:

[0169] The Hamming distance (HD) between any two AMs in 200GBASE-RPCS is calculated by performing a bitwise XOR operation on the AMs defined in 200GBASE-R PCS. Figure 6 shows the HD between any two AMs in 200GBASE-R PCS. The HD between any two AMs in 200GBASE-R PCS is 16.

[0170] The Hamming distance between any two AMs in 400GBASE-RPCS is calculated by performing a bitwise XOR operation on the AMs defined in the 400GBASE-R PCS. Figure 7 shows the Hamming distance between any two AMs in 400GBASE-R PCS. The Hamming distance between any two AMs in 400GBASE-R PCS is 12. The Hamming distance indicates the number of different characters in corresponding positions of two strings. The Hamming distance can be used to represent the probability of misclassification between two AMs. The smaller the Hamming distance, the smaller the difference between the two AMs, and the more likely they are to be misclassified.

[0171] The Ethernet rate specifications "200GBASE-R PCS" and "400GBASE-R PCS" specify the use of four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4). Based on PAM4 Gray mapping (as shown in Figure 8, which is a schematic diagram of PAM4 Gray mapping), the direct current (DC) values ​​are calculated for the AM defined by 200GBASE-R PCS and 400GBASE-R PCS, respectively. Specifically, the DC values ​​obtained from the AM calculations are shown in Figures 9 and 10. Figure 9 shows the DC values ​​of the AM for 200GBASE-R, and Figure 10 shows the DC values ​​of the AM for 400GBASE-R. As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the current AM does not meet the DC balance characteristic.

[0172] The forms of AM for Ethernet technologies of other speeds are similar to those of 200G and 400G, or may vary from those of 200G and 400G. To avoid redundancy, examples are not given here one by one.

[0173] The applicant's research found that after the transmitter and receiver complete inter-channel data alignment and channel number identification through AM, the AM inserted in the data stream no longer has any effect. At this time, the AM inserted in the data stream actually wastes communication resources.

[0174] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application proposes a communication method based on an alignment identifier AM, comprising: a first communication device sends a first alignment identifier AM to a second communication device, the first AM instructing the second communication device to adjust the forward error correction (FEC) mode; the first communication device receives a second AM from the second communication device, the second AM indicating that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode. The first communication device sends a first AM to the second communication device, the first AM instructing the second communication device to adjust the forward error correction (FEC) mode. By transmitting the indication information for adjusting the forward error correction (FEC) mode through the AM, the AM is fully utilized to achieve lossless information transmission based on the AM. This improves the utilization rate of the AM and communication efficiency without affecting the existing functions of the AM.

[0175] The following describes an embodiment of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Please refer to Figure 11, which is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a communication method based on an alignment identifier AM in an embodiment of the present application. The communication method based on the alignment identifier AM proposed in an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0176] S1. A first communication device sends a first AM to a second communication device, where the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction (FEC) mode.

[0177] In step S1, a communication connection is established between the first communication device and the second communication device. After the first communication device determines that it needs to request the second communication device to adjust the forward error correction FEC mode, the first communication device sends a first AM to the second communication device, and the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust the forward error correction FEC mode.

[0178] In one possible implementation, a first communications device detects data transmitted between the first communications device and a second communications device to determine whether to request the second communications device to adjust the FEC mode (or how to request the second communications device to adjust the FEC mode). If the bit error rate of the data reaches a certain threshold, the first communications device determines that it is necessary to request the second communications device to adjust the FEC mode.

[0179] For example, if the bit error rate of data transmitted between the first communication device and the second communication device is greater than a first threshold, the first communication device considers that the bit error rate of the data is high and needs to request the second communication device to increase the FEC mode to compensate or correct the data errors.

[0180] In another example, if the bit error rate of data transmitted between a first communication device and a second communication device is less than a second threshold, the first communication device determines that the bit error rate of the data is low, and the second communication device may lower the FEC mode to save power. Furthermore, after lowering the FEC mode, the second communication device can still maintain normal communication with the first communication device. The first communication device needs to request the second communication device to lower the FEC mode.

[0181] In another possible implementation, the first communication device may also determine to send the first AM to the second communication device based on an instruction (the instruction may be issued by the user or a third-party platform, such as a network manager or management platform that manages the first communication device).

[0182] The following is an introduction to the first AM.

[0183] In one possible implementation, please refer to Figure 12, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first AM in an embodiment of the present application. The first AM includes a first specific identifier UM field combination, the first UM field combination includes multiple specific identifier UM fields, and the first UM field combination instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

[0184] Specifically, the first UM field combination is composed of codewords included in a first codeword set, and the first codeword set includes multiple codewords. The codeword specifically includes payload data and a check bit. For ease of understanding, please refer to Figure 14, which is a schematic diagram of an encoding process in an embodiment of the present application. The payload data is encoded by the encoding unit to obtain a check bit. Then, the data merging unit outputs a codeword (code word, CW) based on the check bit and the payload data. The codeword includes the payload data and the check bit.

[0185] In one possible implementation, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using the extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16, 5) encoding method. Specifically, the first codeword set is shown in Figure 15, which is a schematic diagram of the first codeword set in an embodiment of the present application. As can be seen from Figure 15, the 5-bit payload data is encoded using the eBCH (16, 5) encoding method to output 11-bit check bits, and then the 5-bit payload data and the 11-bit check data constitute a total of 32 codeword combinations (CW0 to CW31). These 32 codeword combinations together constitute the first codeword set.

[0186] Further optionally, the first codeword set may include codewords that satisfy DC balance. If the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using the eBCH (16, 5) encoding method. The first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords: 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0,

[0187] In conjunction with the codewords illustrated in Figure 15, the first codeword set includes the codewords CW4, CW8, CW11, CW13, CW14, CW17, CW22, CW23, CW26, and CW27. Regarding the codewords included in the first codeword set, the Hamming distance is shown in Figure 16, which is a schematic diagram of the Hamming distance of the first codeword set in an embodiment of the present application. As can be seen from Figure 16, when the first codeword set includes the codewords CW4, CW8, CW11, CW13, CW14, CW17, CW22, CW23, CW26, and CW27, the minimum Hamming distance between any two codewords in the first codeword set is 8. Therefore, the first UM field combination of the first codeword set meets the network non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and PAM4 modulation DC balance characteristics, and the Hamming distance between the UM fields is large, making it easier to perform error correction in the UM field. Furthermore, the first AM including the first UM field combination satisfies the DC balance characteristic, and the Hamming distance between the first AMs is large, making it easier to perform error correction on the first AM.

[0188] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the first codeword set may also use other encoding methods to obtain the check bit, including but not limited to: eBCH (16, 4), eBCH (16, 6) or eBCH (16, 7). There is no restriction on the bit length of the payload data of the codewords in the first codeword set, and there is no restriction on the bit length of the check bit of the codewords in the first codeword set.

[0189] For ease of understanding, please refer to Figure 19, which is another structural diagram of the first UM field combination in an embodiment of the present application. Regarding the first UM field combination: Optionally, the first UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, and the first UM field combination includes: a first UM field, a second UM field, a third UM field, a fourth UM field, a fifth UM field, a sixth UM field, a seventh UM field, and an eighth UM field, wherein the first UM field and the second UM field are composed of a first codeword, the third UM field and the fourth UM field are composed of a second codeword, the fifth UM field and the sixth UM field are composed of a third codeword, and the seventh UM field and the eighth UM field are composed of a fourth codeword, wherein the first codeword, the second codeword, the third codeword, and the fourth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0190] Optionally, the length of each UM field is 8 bits.

[0191] A possible example is as follows. In combination with the first codeword set shown in FIG15 , the first UM field combination is shown in Table 1.

[0192] Table 1

[0193] In conjunction with Table 1, different UM fields in the first UM field combination can use different codewords. For example, the first and second UM fields use CW4, the third and fourth UM fields use CW8, the fifth and sixth UM fields use CW14, and the seventh and eighth UM fields use CW22. Different UM fields in the first UM field combination can also use the same codeword. For example, the first and second UM fields use CW4, the third and fourth UM fields use CW4, the fifth and sixth UM fields use CW4, and the seventh and eighth UM fields use CW4.

[0194] Furthermore, adjusting the FEC mode specifically includes: improving the type of the FEC mode, or reducing the type of the FEC mode. Therefore, the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication device improves the type of the FEC mode, or the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication device reduces the type of the FEC mode. For example, the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication device uses codeword #1 when improving the type of the FEC mode, and the first UM field combination indicates that the second communication device uses codeword #2 when reducing the type of the FEC mode, and codeword #1 is inconsistent with codeword #2. The second communication device determines, based on the codeword used by the first UM field combination, that the first UM field combination specifically indicates that the second communication device improves the type of the FEC mode, or determines that the first UM field combination specifically indicates that the second communication device reduces the type of the FEC mode.

[0195] In a possible example, with reference to the first codeword set shown in FIG15 , the first UM field combination uses codeword CW4, which indicates that the second communication device increases the FEC mode type; and the first UM field combination uses codeword CW8, which indicates that the second communication device decreases the FEC mode type.

[0196] Further optionally, each FEC mode type uniquely corresponds to a codeword combination. The codeword included in the first AM field combination indicates the type of FEC mode that the second communication device needs to adjust. In conjunction with Figure 15, for example, as shown in Table 2.

[0197] Table 2

[0198] This is described in conjunction with Table 2. When the first UM field combination of the first AM uses the codeword CW13, the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode to FEC type 3; the second communication device, in response to the first AM, adjusts the type of the second communication device's FEC mode to FEC type 3. When the first UM field combination of the first AM uses the codeword CW22, the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode to FEC type 5; the second communication device, in response to the first AM, adjusts the type of the second communication device's FEC mode to FEC type 5. And so on.

[0199] Furthermore, in addition to the first UM field combination, the first AM also includes: a first public identifier CM field combination and a first specific padding UP field. A possible first AM structure is shown in Figure 17, which is another schematic diagram of the structure of the first AM in an embodiment of the present application. The first UP field separates the first CM field combination.

[0200] Optionally, the length of the first AM is 120 bits to be compatible with the current standard Ethernet protocol.

[0201] Optionally, the first CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, and the length of each CM field is 8 bits.

[0202] Optionally, the first UP field evenly separates the six CM fields included in the first CM field combination, and the length of the first UP field is 8 bits.

[0203] It is understandable that the first UP field can be replaced by other fields, and this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0204] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 18, which shows another structural diagram of the first AM in an embodiment of the present application. The first CM field combination comprises six 8-bit CM fields, separated by an 8-bit first UP field. Following the first CM field combination is the first UM field combination, which comprises eight 8-bit UM fields. This structure improves the field utilization of the first AM. Furthermore, the length of the first AM is 120 bits, making it compatible with current standard Ethernet protocols.

[0205] Optionally, the selectable character strings for the first UP field are as shown in Table 3.

[0206] Table 3

[0207] It is understandable that the first AM may also adopt other structures, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0208] S2. The second communication device sends a second AM to the first communication device, where the second AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the forward error correction (FEC) mode.

[0209] In step S2, after the second communication device receives the first AM from the first communication device, it determines based on the first AM that the FEC mode needs to be adjusted. The second communication device then adjusts its FEC mode based on the first AM. After the second communication device completes the FEC mode adjustment, before the new FEC mode takes effect (or before communication using the new FEC mode), the second communication device sends a second AM to the first communication device. The second AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted its FEC mode, allowing the first communication device to be informed, based on the second AM, that the second communication device will communicate using the new FEC mode and prepare for communication in advance.

[0210] Next, let’s introduce the second AM.

[0211] In one possible implementation, please refer to Figure 13, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second AM in an embodiment of the present application. The second AM includes a first specific identifier UM field combination, the second UM field combination includes multiple specific identifier UM fields, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0212] Specifically, the second UM field combination is composed of codewords included in the first codeword set, and the first codeword set includes multiple codewords. The codeword specifically includes payload data and a check bit. For ease of understanding, please refer to Figure 14, which is a schematic diagram of an encoding process in an embodiment of the present application. The payload data is encoded by the encoding unit to obtain a check bit. Then, the data merging unit outputs a codeword (code word, CW) based on the check bit and the payload data. The codeword includes the payload data and the check bit.

[0213] In one possible implementation, the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using the extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16, 5) encoding method. Specifically, the first codeword set is shown in Figure 15, which is a schematic diagram of the first codeword set in an embodiment of the present application. As can be seen from Figure 15, the 5-bit payload data is encoded using the eBCH (16, 5) encoding method to output 11-bit check bits, and then the 5-bit payload data and the 11-bit check data constitute a total of 32 codeword combinations (CW0 to CW31). These 32 codeword combinations together constitute the first codeword set.

[0214] Further optionally, the first codeword set may include codewords that satisfy DC balance. If the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using the eBCH (16, 5) encoding method. The first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords: 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0,

[0215] In conjunction with the codewords illustrated in Figure 15, the first codeword set includes the following codewords: CW4, CW8, CW11, CW13, CW14, CW17, CW22, CW23, CW26, and CW27. Regarding the codewords included in the first codeword set, the Hamming distance is shown in Figure 16, which is a schematic diagram of the Hamming distance of the first codeword set in an embodiment of the present application. As can be seen from Figure 16, when the first codeword set includes the codewords: CW4, CW8, CW11, CW13, CW14, CW17, CW22, CW23, CW26, and CW27, the minimum Hamming distance between any two codewords in the first codeword set is 8. Therefore, the second UM field combination of the first codeword set satisfies the network non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and PAM4 modulation DC balance characteristics, and the Hamming distance between the UM fields is large, making it easier to perform error correction in the UM field. Furthermore, the second AM including the second UM field combination satisfies the DC balance characteristic, and the Hamming distance between the second AMs is large, making it easier to perform error correction on the second AM.

[0216] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the first codeword set can also use other encoding methods to obtain the check bit. The bit length of the payload data of the codewords in the first codeword set is not limited, and the bit length of the check bit of the codewords in the first codeword set is not limited.

[0217] For ease of understanding, please refer to Figure 22, which is another structural diagram of the second UM field combination in an embodiment of the present application. Regarding the second UM field combination: Optionally, the second UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, and the second UM field combination includes: a ninth UM field, a tenth UM field, an eleventh UM field, a twelfth UM field, a thirteenth UM field, a fourteenth UM field, a fifteenth UM field, and a sixteenth UM field, wherein the ninth UM field and the tenth UM field are composed of a fifth codeword, the eleventh UM field and the twelfth UM field are composed of a sixth codeword, the thirteenth UM field and the fourteenth UM field are composed of a seventh codeword, and the fifteenth UM field and the sixteenth UM field are composed of an eighth codeword, wherein the fifth codeword, the sixth codeword, the seventh codeword, and the eighth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

[0218] Optionally, the length of each UM field is 8 bits.

[0219] A possible example is as follows. In combination with the first codeword set shown in FIG15 , the second UM field combination is shown in Table 4.

[0220] Table 4

[0221] In conjunction with Table 4, different UM fields in the second UM field combination can use different codewords. For example, the ninth and tenth UM fields use CW4, the eleventh and twelfth UM fields use CW8, the thirteenth and fourteenth UM fields use CW14, and the fifteenth and sixteenth UM fields use CW22. Different UM fields in the second UM field combination can also use the same codeword. For example, the ninth and tenth UM fields use CW4, the eleventh and twelfth UM fields use CW4, the thirteenth and fourteenth UM fields use CW4, and the fifteenth and sixteenth UM fields use CW4.

[0222] Furthermore, adjusting the FEC mode specifically includes: improving the type of the FEC mode, or reducing the type of the FEC mode. Therefore, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has improved the type of the FEC mode, or the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has reduced the type of the FEC mode. For example, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device uses codeword #3 when it has improved the type of the FEC mode, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device uses codeword #4 when it has reduced the type of the FEC mode, and codeword #3 is inconsistent with codeword #4. The first communication device determines, based on the codeword used by the second UM field combination, that the second UM field combination specifically indicates that the second communication device has improved the type of the FEC mode, or determines that the second UM field combination specifically indicates that the second communication device has reduced the type of the FEC mode.

[0223] In one possible example, with reference to the first codeword set shown in FIG15 , the second UM field combination uses the codeword CW11, which indicates that the second communication device has increased the FEC mode type; and the second UM field combination uses the codeword CW14, which indicates that the second communication device has decreased the FEC mode type.

[0224] Furthermore, in addition to the second UM field combination, the second AM also includes: a second public identifier CM field combination and a second specific padding UP field. A possible second AM structure is shown in Figure 20, which is another schematic diagram of the structure of the second AM in an embodiment of the present application. The second UP field separates the second CM field combination.

[0225] Optionally, the length of the second AM is 120 bits to be compatible with the current standard Ethernet protocol.

[0226] Optionally, the second CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, and the length of each CM field is 8 bits.

[0227] Optionally, the second UP field evenly separates the six CM fields included in the second CM field combination, and the length of the second UP field is 8 bits.

[0228] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 21, which shows another structural diagram of the second AM in an embodiment of the present application. The second CM field combination comprises six 8-bit CM fields, separated by an 8-bit second UP field. Following the second CM field combination is the second UM field combination, which comprises eight 8-bit UM fields. This structure improves the field utilization of the second AM. Furthermore, the second AM is 120 bits long, compatible with current standard Ethernet protocols.

[0229] Optionally, the selectable character strings for the second UP field are as shown in Table 5.

[0230] Table 5

[0231] It is understandable that the second AM may also adopt other structures, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0232] It is understandable that the second UP field can be replaced by other fields, and this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0233] Regarding the first AM in step S1 and the second AM in step S2, a possible example is shown in Figure 23, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an alignment identifier in an embodiment of the present application. The AM (e.g., the first AM or the second AM) includes: a CM field combination, a UP field combination, and a UM field combination, wherein the CM field combination includes: CM0, CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, and CM5, and each CM field (e.g., CM1) is 8 bits (1 byte) long; the UP field is 8 bits long; the UM field combination includes: UM0, UM1, UM2, UM3, UM4, UM5, UM6, and UM7, and each UM field is 8 bits long. The total length of the AM is 120 bits.

[0234] After step S2 , the second communication device adjusts the FEC mode in response to the first AM, and then communicates with the first communication device using the adjusted FEC mode.

[0235] The above embodiment describes a first communication device as the initiator of a request to adjust the FEC mode, and a second communication device as the receiver of a request to adjust the FEC mode. That is, the first and second communication devices operate in simplex mode. It is understood that, in addition to being the initiator of a request to adjust the FEC mode, the first communication device can also be the receiver of a request to adjust the FEC mode; and in addition to being the receiver of a request to adjust the FEC mode, the second communication device can also be the initiator of a request to adjust the FEC mode. That is, the first and second communication devices can operate in duplex mode. This embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0236] In this embodiment of the present application, a first communication device transmits a first AM to a second communication device, instructing the second communication device to adjust its forward error correction (FEC) mode. By transmitting the instruction information for adjusting the forward error correction (FEC) mode via the AM, the AM is fully utilized, enabling lossless information transmission based on the AM. This improves AM utilization and communication efficiency without affecting the existing AM functionality.

[0237] In combination with the above embodiments, in order to further improve the accuracy of FEC mode adjustment and reduce the probability of misidentification of FEC mode adjustment, please refer to Figure 24, which is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a communication method based on an alignment identifier AM in an embodiment of the present application. The communication method based on the alignment identifier AM proposed in the embodiment of the present application also includes:

[0238] F1. Send a first AM, where the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust the forward error correction (FEC) mode.

[0239] Step F1 is consistent with the aforementioned step S1 and will not be described in detail here.

[0240] F2. Send a third AM, where the third AM instructs the second communication device to adjust the forward error correction (FEC) mode.

[0241] In step F2, after the first communication device sends the first AM, the first communication device may further send a third AM to the second communication device, where the third AM instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

[0242] The third AM is similar to the first AM in step S1 and will not be described in detail here.

[0243] Optionally, to facilitate differentiation between the first AM and the third AM by the second communication device, the UM field combination included in the third AM may use a codeword different from the first UM field combination included in the first AM. For example, with reference to the first codeword set illustrated in FIG15 , the first UM field combination included in the first AM uses CW14, while the UM field combination included in the third AM uses CW17.

[0244] Optionally, after sending the first AM at the first moment, the first communication device sends a third AM within the next AM sending time window at the first moment.

[0245] After step F2, step F3 is executed.

[0246] F3. Send a second AM, where the second AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the forward error correction (FEC) mode.

[0247] Step F3 is consistent with the aforementioned step S2 and will not be described in detail here.

[0248] F4. Send a fourth AM, where the fourth AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the forward error correction (FEC) mode.

[0249] In step F4 , after the second communication device sends the second AM, the second communication device may further send a fourth AM to the first communication device, where the fourth AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0250] The fourth AM is similar to the second AM in step S2 and will not be described in detail here.

[0251] Optionally, to facilitate differentiation between the second AM and the fourth AM by the first communications device, the UM field combination included in the fourth AM may use a codeword different from the second UM field combination included in the second AM. For example, with reference to the first codeword set illustrated in FIG15 , the second UM field combination included in the second AM uses CW14, and the UM field combination included in the third AM uses CW17.

[0252] Optionally, after sending the second AM at the second moment, the second communication device sends a fourth AM within the next AM sending time window at the second moment.

[0253] In the embodiment of the present application, by sending two consecutive request messages for adjusting the FEC mode and two consecutive response messages for the adjusted FEC mode, it is ensured that there is no misidentification of the FEC mode adjustment within a long time range, thereby improving the accuracy of the FEC mode adjustment.

[0254] In combination with the above embodiments, an application scenario proposed in the embodiment of the present application is described below. Please refer to Figure 25, which is a schematic diagram of an application scenario in the embodiment of the present application. An application scenario proposed in the embodiment of the present application includes:

[0255] D1. The first communication device determines that the FEC mode needs to be adjusted.

[0256] D2. The first communication device sends a first AM to the second communication device, where the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

[0257] D3. In the next AM sending cycle after sending the first AM (ie, the next cycle for inserting AM into the data stream), the first communication device sends a third AM to the second communication device, where the third AM instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

[0258] D4. The second communication device determines that the FEC mode of the second communication device needs to be adjusted in response to the received first and third AMs. Specifically, the second communication device communicates with the first communication device using the adjusted FEC mode after the next AM transmission cycle after the fourth AM transmission.

[0259] D5. After the second communication device determines that the FEC mode needs to be adjusted in response to the first and third AMs, the second communication device notifies the first communication device via an AM that the FEC mode will be adjusted. Specifically, the second communication device sends a second AM to the first communication device, where the second AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0260] D6. In the next AM sending cycle after sending the second AM, the second communication device sends a fourth AM to the first communication device, where the fourth AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

[0261] D7. The first communication device determines that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode in response to the received second AM and fourth AM.

[0262] D8. The second communication device enables the adjusted FEC mode after the new AM cycle.

[0263] After step D4, in step D8, after the next AM transmission cycle, that is, starting from the second AM insertion cycle in the data stream after step D4, the second communication device activates the adjusted FEC mode to communicate with the first communication device.

[0264] D9. The first communication device enables the adjusted FEC mode after the new AM cycle.

[0265] After step D7, in step D9, after the next AM reception cycle (i.e., the next cycle of extracting AM from the data stream), the first communication device determines that the second communication device enables the adjusted FEC mode, so the first communication device communicates with the second communication device in the adjusted FEC mode.

[0266] The following describes a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device described below has any function of the first communication device or the second communication device in the above method embodiment.

[0267] Figure 26 is a structural diagram of a communication device 2600 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 26, the communication device 2600 includes: a transceiver module 2601 and a processing module 2602.

[0268] The communication device 2600 can correspond to the first communication device or the second communication device in the above-mentioned method embodiment. The various units in the communication device 2600 and the above-mentioned other operations and / or functions are respectively for implementing the various steps and methods implemented by the first communication device or the second communication device in the method embodiment. For specific details, please refer to the above-mentioned method embodiment. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0269] When the communication device 2600 executes the above-described method embodiment, the division of the above-described functional modules is used only as an example for illustration. In actual applications, the above-described functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the communication device 2600 can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the communication device 2600 provided in the above-described embodiment and the embodiment method corresponding to Figures 11-25 above are based on the same concept. The specific implementation process is detailed in the above-described method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0270] To implement the above embodiment, the present application further provides a communication device. Please refer to FIG27 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 2700 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0271] Although the communication device 2700 shown in Figure 27 shows certain specific features, those skilled in the art will realize from the embodiments of the present application that, for the sake of brevity, Figure 27 does not show various other features to avoid confusing more relevant aspects of the embodiments disclosed in the embodiments of the present application. To this end, as an example, in some implementations, the communication device 2700 includes one or more processing units (such as CPUs) 2701, a network interface 2702, a programming interface 2703, a memory 2704, and one or more communication buses 2705 for interconnecting various components. In other implementations, the communication device 2700 can also omit or increase some functional components or units based on the above examples.

[0272] In some implementations, the network interface 2702 is used to connect to one or more other communication devices / servers in the network system. In some implementations, the communication bus 2705 includes circuits for interconnecting and controlling communications between system components. The memory 2704 may include non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The memory 2704 may also include volatile memory, which may be random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache.

[0273] In some implementations, memory 2704 or a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 2704 stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset thereof, including, for example, a transceiver unit (not shown), an acquisition unit 27041, and a processing unit 27042.

[0274] In a possible embodiment, the communication device 2700 may have any functions of the first communication device or the second communication device in the method embodiments corresponding to Figures 11 to 25 above.

[0275] It should be understood that the communication device 2700 corresponds to the first communication device or the second communication device in the above-mentioned method embodiment, and the various modules in the communication device 2700 and the above-mentioned other operations and / or functions are respectively for realizing the various steps and methods implemented by the first communication device or the second communication device in the above-mentioned method embodiment. For specific details, please refer to the method embodiments corresponding to the above-mentioned Figures 11-25. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0276] It should be understood that in this application, the data sending and receiving operations can be completed by the network interface 2702 on the communication device 2700, or the processor can call the program code in the memory and cooperate with the network interface 2702 when necessary to implement the functions of the transceiver unit.

[0277] In various implementations, the communication device 2700 is used to execute the communication method based on the alignment identifier AM provided in the embodiments of the present application, for example, to execute the communication method based on the alignment identifier AM corresponding to the embodiments shown in Figures 11 to 25 above.

[0278] The specific structure of the communication device described in Figure 27 of this application can be shown in Figure 28.

[0279] FIG28 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 2800 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 2800 includes a main control board 2810 and an interface board 2830 .

[0280] Main control board 2810, also known as the main processing unit (MPU) or route processor, is responsible for controlling and managing various components in communication device 2800, including routing calculation, device management, device maintenance, and protocol processing. Main control board 2810 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 2811 and memory 2812.

[0281] Interface board 2830 is also known as a line processing unit (LPU), line card, or service board. It provides various service interfaces and implements data packet forwarding. Service interfaces include, but are not limited to, Ethernet interfaces and POS (Packet over SONET / SDH) interfaces. Interface board 2830 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 2831, a network processor (NPU) 2832, a forwarding table memory 2834, and a physical interface card (PIC) 2833.

[0282] The central processing unit 2831 on the interface board 2830 is used to control and manage the interface board 2830 and communicate with the central processing unit 2811 on the main control board 2810 .

[0283] The network processor 2832 is used to implement packet forwarding processing and can be in the form of a forwarding chip.

[0284] The physical interface card 2833 is used to implement the physical layer docking function. The original traffic enters the interface board 2830 from this, and the processed message is sent from the physical interface card 2833. The physical interface card 2833 includes at least one physical interface, which is also called a physical port. The physical interface can be a Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) physical interface. The physical interface card 2833, also known as a daughter card, can be installed on the interface board 2830. It is responsible for converting the optical and electrical signals into messages and performing a validity check on the messages before forwarding them to the network processor 2832 for processing. In some embodiments, the central processing unit 2831 of the interface board 2830 can also perform the functions of the network processor 2832, such as implementing software forwarding based on a general-purpose CPU, so that the network processor 2832 is not required in the interface board 2830.

[0285] Optionally, the communication device 2800 includes multiple interface boards. For example, the communication device 2800 further includes an interface board 2840 . The interface board 2840 includes: a central processing unit 2841 , a network processor 2842 , a forwarding table entry memory 2844 and a physical interface card 2843 .

[0286] Optionally, the communication device 2800 further includes a switching fabric board 2820. The switching fabric board 2820 may also be referred to as a switch fabric unit (SFU). If the communication device includes multiple interface boards 2830, the switching fabric board 2820 is used to exchange data between the interface boards. For example, the interface board 2830 and the interface board 2840 can communicate via the switching fabric board 2820.

[0287] The main control board 2810 is coupled to the interface board. For example, the main control board 2810, the interface board 2830, the interface board 2840, and the switching network board 2820 are interconnected via a system bus and / or a system backplane. In one possible implementation, an inter-process communication (IPC) channel is established between the main control board 2810 and the interface board 2830, and communication between the main control board 2810 and the interface board 2830 is performed via the IPC channel.

[0288] Logically, communication device 2800 comprises a control plane and a forwarding plane. The control plane includes a main control board 2810 and a central processing unit 2831. The forwarding plane includes various components that perform forwarding, such as a forwarding table entry memory 2834, a physical interface card 2833, and a network processor 2832. The control plane performs functions such as publishing routes, generating forwarding tables, processing signaling and protocol messages, and configuring and maintaining device status. The control plane sends the generated forwarding table to the forwarding plane. On the forwarding plane, the network processor 2832 forwards messages received by the physical interface card 2833 based on the forwarding table sent by the control plane. The forwarding table sent by the control plane can be stored in the forwarding table entry memory 2834. In some embodiments, the control plane and forwarding plane can be completely separate and not located on the same device.

[0289] It should be understood that the transceiver module in the communication device 2600 can be equivalent to the physical interface card 2833 or the physical interface card 2843 in the communication device 2800; the acquisition unit 27041 and the processing unit 27042 in the communication device 2700 can be equivalent to the central processing unit 2811 or the central processing unit 2831 in the communication device 2800, or can be equivalent to the program code or instructions stored in the memory 2812.

[0290] It should be understood that the operations on interface board 2840 in the embodiment of the present application are consistent with those on interface board 2830, and for the sake of brevity, detailed description thereof will not be repeated. It should be understood that the communication device 2800 of this embodiment may correspond to the first communication device or the second communication device in each of the above-mentioned method embodiments, and the main control board 2810, interface board 2830, and / or interface board 2840 in the communication device 2800 may implement the functions and / or various steps of the first communication device or the second communication device in each of the above-mentioned method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, detailed description thereof will not be repeated here.

[0291] It's worth noting that there may be one or more main control boards (SBCs), which may include a primary SBC and a backup SBC. There may be one or more interface boards. The higher the data processing capability of a communication device, the more interface boards are provided. An interface board may also have one or more physical interface cards. There may be no SBCs, or one or more. Multiple SBCs can be used to achieve load balancing and redundant backup. In a centralized forwarding architecture, a communication device may not require a SBC; the interface board handles service data processing for the entire system. In a distributed forwarding architecture, a communication device may have at least one SBC, which enables data exchange between multiple interface boards, providing high-capacity data exchange and processing capabilities. Alternatively, a communication device may have only one SBC, i.e., no SBC. The functions of the interface board and the SBC are integrated on this single SBC. In this case, the central processing unit (CPU) on the interface board and the CPU on the SBC can be combined into a single CPU on this single SBC, performing the combined functions of the two. The specific architecture to be adopted depends on the specific network deployment scenario and is not intended to be exclusive here.

[0292] In some possible embodiments, the first communication device or the second communication device may be implemented as a virtualized device. The virtualized device may be a virtual machine (VM), a virtual router, or a virtual switch running a program for sending messages. The virtualized device is deployed on a hardware device (e.g., a physical server). For example, the first communication device or the second communication device may be implemented based on a general-purpose physical server in combination with network function virtualization (NFV) technology.

[0293] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to control a terminal device to execute any one of the implementation methods shown in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0294] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer program code. When the computer program code runs on a computer, it enables the computer to execute any one of the implementation methods shown in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0295] Furthermore, an embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method executed in the method embodiments corresponding to Figures 11 to 25 above.

[0296] The present application also provides a chip system including a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is configured to receive instructions and transmit them to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to implement any of the above method embodiments.

[0297] Optionally, the chip system further includes a memory, and the chip system may include one or more processors. The processor may be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor may be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processor may be a general-purpose processor that implements any of the above method embodiments by reading software code stored in the memory.

[0298] Optionally, the memory in the chip system may be one or more memories. The memory may be integrated with the processor or may be provided separately from the processor, which is not limited in this application. For example, the memory may be a non-transient processor, such as a read-only memory (ROM), which may be integrated with the processor on the same chip or provided on different chips. This application does not specifically limit the type of memory or the configuration of the memory and the processor.

[0299] The above describes the embodiments of the present application in detail. The steps in the method of the embodiments of the present application can be scheduled sequentially, merged or deleted according to actual needs; the modules in the device of the embodiments of the present application can be divided, merged or deleted according to actual needs.

[0300] It should be understood that “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” mentioned throughout the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0301] The term "and / or" in this document simply describes a relationship between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0302] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A and B can be determined based on A. However, it should also be understood that determining B based on A does not mean determining B based solely on A, but B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0303] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0304] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0305] Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0306] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

Claims

1. A communication method based on an alignment identifier AM, It is characterized in that include: The first communication device sends a first alignment identifier AM to the second communication device, wherein the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction FEC mode; The first communication device receives a second AM from the second communication device, the second AM indicating that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

2. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The first AM includes a first specific identification UM field combination, the first UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the first UM field combination instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

3. The method according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The first UM field combination indicates a type of an enhanced FEC mode of the second communication device, Alternatively, the first UM field combination indicates a type of a reduced FEC mode of the second communication device.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The second AM includes a second specific identification UM field combination, the second UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

5. The method according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The second UM field combination indicates the type of FEC mode that the second communication device has enhanced, Alternatively, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communications device has reduced the type of FEC mode.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The first UM field combination consists of codewords included in the first codeword set, The first codeword set includes multiple codewords, and the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The second UM field combination consists of code words included in the first code word set, The first codeword set includes multiple codewords, and the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, It is characterized in that The first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords: 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0, 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0, 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0, 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1, 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1, 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0, 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0, 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1, 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0, Or, 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, It is characterized in that The length of the first AM is 120 bits, and the length of the second AM is 120 bits.

10. The method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The first AM also includes: a first public identifier CM field combination and a first specific fill UP field, The first CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits. The first UP field evenly separates the six CM fields included in the first CM field combination, and the length of the first UP field is 8 bits. The first UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, and the length of each UM field is 8 bits.

11. The method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The first UM field combination includes: a first UM field, a second UM field, a third UM field, a fourth UM field, a fifth UM field, a sixth UM field, a seventh UM field and an eighth UM field, wherein: The first UM field and the second UM field are composed of a first codeword, The third UM field and the fourth UM field are composed of a second codeword, The fifth UM field and the sixth UM field are composed of a third codeword, The seventh UM field and the eighth UM field are composed of a fourth codeword, The first codeword, the second codeword, the third codeword and the fourth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, It is characterized in that The second AM also includes: a second public identifier CM field combination and a second specific fill UP field, The second CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits. The second UP field evenly separates the six CM fields included in the second CM field combination, and the length of the second UP field is 8 bits. The second UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, and the length of each UM field is 8 bits.

13. The method according to claim 12, It is characterized in that The second UM field combination includes: a ninth UM field, a tenth UM field, an eleventh UM field, a twelfth UM field, a thirteenth UM field, a fourteenth UM field, a fifteenth UM field and a sixteenth UM field, wherein: The ninth UM field and the tenth UM field are composed of a fifth codeword, The eleventh UM field and the twelfth UM field are composed of the sixth codeword, The thirteenth UM field and the fourteenth UM field are composed of the seventh codeword, The fifteenth UM field and the sixteenth UM field are composed of an eighth codeword, The fifth codeword, the sixth codeword, the seventh codeword and the eighth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

14. The method according to claim 10 or 11, It is characterized in that The first UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87 or 0xE1.

15. The method according to claim 12 or 13, It is characterized in that The second UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87 or 0xE1.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, It is characterized in that After the first communication device sends the first alignment identifier AM to the second communication device, the method further includes: The first communication device sends a third alignment identifier AM to the second communication device, wherein the third AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction FEC mode; After the first communication device receives the second AM from the second communication device, the method further includes: The first communication device receives a fourth AM from the second communication device, the fourth AM indicating that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

17. A communication method based on an alignment identifier AM, It is characterized in that include: The second communication device receives a first alignment identifier AM from the first communication device, wherein the first AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction FEC mode; The second communication device sends a second AM to the first communication device, wherein the second AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode; The second communication device communicates with the first communication device using the adjusted FEC mode.

18. The method according to claim 17, It is characterized in that The first AM includes a first specific identification UM field combination, the first UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the first UM field combination instructs the second communication device to adjust the FEC mode.

19. The method according to claim 18, It is characterized in that The first UM field combination indicates a type of an enhanced FEC mode of the second communication device, Alternatively, the first UM field combination indicates a type of a reduced FEC mode of the second communication device.

20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, It is characterized in that The second AM includes a second specific identification UM field combination, the second UM field combination includes multiple UM fields, and the second UM field combination indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

21. The method according to claim 20, It is characterized in that The second UM field combination indicates the type of FEC mode that the second communication device has enhanced, Alternatively, the second UM field combination indicates that the second communications device has reduced the type of FEC mode.

22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, It is characterized in that The first UM field combination consists of codewords included in the first codeword set, The first codeword set includes multiple codewords, and the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

23. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, It is characterized in that The second UM field combination consists of code words included in the first code word set, The first codeword set includes multiple codewords, and the codewords included in the first codeword set are composed of 5-bit payload data and 11-bit check bits, and the check bits are obtained by encoding the payload data using an extended Bose-Chaudhuri-Hokkewenheim eBCH (16,5) encoding method.

24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, It is characterized in that The first codeword set includes any one or more of the following codewords: 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0, 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0, 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0, 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1, 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1, 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0, 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0, 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1, 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0, Or, 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1.

25. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, It is characterized in that The length of the first AM is 120 bits, and the length of the second AM is 120 bits.

26. The method according to claim 25, It is characterized in that The first AM also includes: a first public identifier CM field combination and a first specific fill UP field, The first CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits. The first UP field evenly separates the six CM fields included in the first CM field combination, and the length of the first UP field is 8 bits. The first UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, and the length of each UM field is 8 bits.

27. The method according to claim 25, It is characterized in that The first UM field combination includes: a first UM field, a second UM field, a third UM field, a fourth UM field, a fifth UM field, a sixth UM field, a seventh UM field and an eighth UM field, wherein: The first UM field and the second UM field are composed of a first codeword, The third UM field and the fourth UM field are composed of a second codeword, The fifth UM field and the sixth UM field are composed of a third codeword, The seventh UM field and the eighth UM field are composed of a fourth codeword, The first codeword, the second codeword, the third codeword and the fourth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

28. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, It is characterized in that The second AM also includes: a second public identifier CM field combination and a second specific fill UP field, The second CM field combination includes 6 CM fields, each of which has a length of 8 bits. The second UP field evenly separates the six CM fields included in the second CM field combination, and the length of the second UP field is 8 bits. The second UM field combination includes 8 UM fields, and the length of each UM field is 8 bits.

29. The method according to claim 28, It is characterized in that The second UM field combination includes: a ninth UM field, a tenth UM field, an eleventh UM field, a twelfth UM field, a thirteenth UM field, a fourteenth UM field, a fifteenth UM field and a sixteenth UM field, wherein: The ninth UM field and the tenth UM field are composed of a fifth codeword, The eleventh UM field and the twelfth UM field are composed of the sixth codeword, The thirteenth UM field and the fourteenth UM field are composed of the seventh codeword, The fifteenth UM field and the sixteenth UM field are composed of an eighth codeword, The fifth codeword, the sixth codeword, the seventh codeword and the eighth codeword belong to the first codeword set.

30. The method according to claim 28 or 29, It is characterized in that The first UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87 or 0xE1.

31. The method according to claim 28 or 29, It is characterized in that The second UP field is any one of the following: 0x1E, 0x2D, ​​0x4B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xB4, 0xD2, 0x87 or 0xE1.

32. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 31, It is characterized in that The second communication device receives a first alignment identifier AM from the first communication device. After the first alignment identifier AM, the method further includes: The second communication device receives a third alignment identifier AM from the first communication device, wherein the third AM instructs the second communication device to adjust a forward error correction FEC mode; After the second communication device sends the second AM to the first communication device, the method further includes: The second communication device sends a fourth AM to the first communication device, where the fourth AM indicates that the second communication device has adjusted the FEC mode.

33. A communication device, It is characterized in that include: Processor and memory; The processor stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed on the processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 is implemented.

34. A communication device, It is characterized in that include: Processor and memory; The processor stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed on the processor, the method of any one of claims 17 to 32 is implemented.

35. A communication system, It is characterized in that The invention comprises a communication device for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, and a communication device for executing the method according to any one of claims 17 to 32.

36. A chip, It is characterized in that include: Processing unit and power supply circuit; The power supply circuit supplies power to the processing unit, and the processing unit is used to execute the method described in any one of claims 1 to 16 or claims 17 to 32.

37. A computer readable storage medium, It is characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed on a processor, the method of any one of claims 1-16 or claims 17-32 is implemented.

38. A computer program product, It is characterized in that When the computer program product is executed on a processor, the method of any one of claims 1 to 16 or claims 17 to 32 is implemented.

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