Insecticidal combinations and composition thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to insecticidal combinations and compositions comprising two or more insecticide compounds. Particularly, the present disclosure provides insecticidal combinations for controlling insect pest selected from aphids, jassids, and whiteflies in crops such as cotton and okra. The disclosure also relates to corresponding methods and uses thereof.

Description

INSECTICIDAL COMBINATIONS AND COMPOSITION THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure pertains to the field of agrochemicals, particularly towards agricultural pest (insect pest) control and corresponding combinations. In particular, the present disclosure relates to insecticidal combinations and compositions comprising two or more insecticide compounds for controlling harmful insect pest in plants using said insecticidal combinations and compositions.BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present disclosure. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is relevant to the presently claimed disclosure, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art to the presently claimed disclosure.

[0003] Crops are extremely vulnerable to insects, rodents, and diseases that can damage them to cause deterioration of the quality, health, and even death of crops, amounting to significant economic losses. Thus, protection of crops from diseases, pests and weeds plays a decisive role in sustainable agricultural development. Chemical crop protection provides farmers with a cost-effective way of improving the health and the quality of the crops. These are mainly classified into pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides and can be formed by both synthetic and biological compounds. Currently, numerous insecticides are available to prevent crops from being harmed by insect pests. For instance, according to the Royal Society of Chemicals, around 800 chemically active compounds are reportedly approved for crop protection treatments globally.

[0004] Insecticides are chemicals used to mitigate, control, or eliminate insects of one or more species. They are classified based on their structure and mode of action. Systemic insecticides become a part of the plant through systematic distribution and insects who then might feed on it, consume the insecticide plants and are eliminated. Contact insecticides can penetrate the skin of the insects and are toxic to insects when they come in contact with it. Insecticides are also grouped together according to their structure.

[0005] Amongst various agricultural crops, cotton (family: Malvaceae) is one of the most important commercial crops in the world. Cotton is most commonly used as natural fibre, and it accounts for one-third of the world’ s fibre demand. The fibres can be made into a wide variety of fabrics ranging from lightweight voiles and laces to heavy sailcloths and thick-piled velveteens, suitable for a great variety of wearing apparel, home furnishings, and industrial uses. In addition to providing fibre, cotton seeds are used to produce animal feed and an edible oil. However, cotton is subject to attack by numerous insects, pathogenic fungi, bacteria, virus and nematodes. Its succulent foliage, large flowers and extended fruiting period makes cotton an attractive host for many insects. In all, 500 species of insect attack cotton and among them are some of the most destructive known to agriculture, including the cotton aphid, jassid, whitefly, thrips, pink bollworm, bollworm, boll weevil, cotton stainer, cotton flea hopper, cotton leafworm, spider mites, grasshoppers, and tarnished plant bugs. Of these, sucking or sap feeding pest are quite serious from seedling stage, and their heavy infestation at times reduces the crop health to a great extent. Among the sap feeders, aphids, leafhoppers commonly known as jassids, and whiteflies are among the most abundant groups of plant feeding insects in the world.

[0006] Another important crop from the Malvaceae family is okra. Okra is grown for its green nutritive fruits. India is the largest producer of Okra with over 60% of the global production. Okra is highly susceptible to infestation by sucking pests. Attack from these pests results in loss of vigour. Aphids drain the plants of important nourishment by sucking fluid from stems and leaves. Adult whitefly nymphs feed on okra sap and cause plants to wilt and yellow.

[0007] Aphid: Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeds by sucking sap from phloem tissue of the cotton plant secreting the excessive sugars in the form of honeydew. Heavily infested leaves will often curl downward along their edges. The accumulation of honeydew will cause leaf surfaces to appear shiny and to become sticky. Often a black sooty mold will grow on the honeydew turning the leaves black. Severe infestations can seriously stunt plants and reduce health, particularly if populations persist for a long period of time.

[0008] Jassids (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are wedge shaped insects which walk diagonally and suck the cell sap from piercing type of mouth parts. While sucking the cell sap they inject toxins into the plant body which results yellowing and curling of leaves, dropping down offlowering and fruiting bodies. They secrete honey dew like sticky substance which create sooty mould on leaves and affect photosynthesis, growth and finally the health of the crop.

[0009] Whiteflies are sucking pest that attack certain crops including cotton. They excrete a sticky sugary liquid called honeydew and cause yellowing or death of leaves. Honeydew attracts ants that interfere with functioning of natural enemies that may control whiteflies and other pest.

[0010] While many insecticide compounds belonging to various different chemical classes have been or are being developed for controlling insect pest in agricultural crops, however, many of these insecticides have one or more drawbacks such as low bio efficacy, high phytotoxicity, high dosage requirements, crop tolerance or exhibiting activity only against particular insect or crop, and the like. Additionally, while methods of using insecticidal combinations or compositions comprising mixtures of different insecticide compounds have also been tried, there nonetheless exists a need in the art for improved combinations and compositions of different insecticide having enhanced activity for controlling insect pest and corresponding methods thereof, that has low phytotoxicity, enhanced bio efficacy, improved health, and improved cost benefit ratio. The present disclosure tries to address said need.OBJECTS OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0011] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide an improved insecticidal combination comprising two or more insecticides .

[0012] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide an improved insecticidal combination comprising two or more insecticides for controlling insect pest in crops of Malvaceae family.

[0013] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide an improved insecticidal combination comprising two or more insecticides for controlling insect pest in cotton.

[0014] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide an improved insecticidal combination comprising two or more insecticides for controlling insect pest in okra.

[0015] Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide an improved insecticidal combination comprising two or more insecticides for controlling insect pest in cotton and okra, particularly one or more insect pest selected from aphids, jassids, and whiteflies.

[0016] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a method of controlling insect pest in crops, such as cotton and okra.

[0017] It is still another object of the present disclosure to provide a method of controlling insect pest in cotton, particularly one or more selected from aphids, jassids, and whiteflies by employing improved insecticidal combination.

[0018] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide a method of controlling insect pest in cotton and okra, particularly one or more selected from aphids, jassids, and whiteflies, by employing improved insecticidal combination such that it also exhibits favourable effect on other natural pest such as spiders, chrysopids, and coccinellids.

[0019] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a method of controlling insect pest in cotton and okra, particularly one or more selected from aphids, jassids, and whiteflies, by employing improved insecticidal combination such that it shows low phytotoxicity, or improved cotton health, or improved cost benefit ratio.SUMMARY

[0020] The present disclosure pertains to the technical field of agricultural combinations and compositions. In particular, the present disclosure pertains to insecticidal combinations and compositions comprising two or more insecticide compounds for controlling insect pest in plants such as cotton and okra.

[0021] An aspect of the present disclosure provides an insecticidal combination comprising at least two insecticides .

[0022] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an insecticidal combination comprising at least two insecticides for preventing insect pest in crops.

[0023] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an insecticidal combination comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound; and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound.

[0024] In some embodiments, the composition is used for controlling insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in cotton.

[0025] In some embodiments, the composition is used for controlling insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in okra.

[0026] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an insecticidal composition comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound; b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound; and c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0027] In some embodiment, the above described combination and composition are used to control aphids, jassids and whitefly in cotton.

[0028] An aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of controlling the growth of insect pest in cotton, a method of preventing an insect pest in cotton , or a method of improving plant health in cotton comprising contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of crops, an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition of the present disclosure.

[0029] An aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of controlling the growth of insect pest in okra, a method of preventing an insect pest in okra, or a method of improving plant health in okra comprising contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of crops, an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition of the present disclosure.

[0030] Further, an aspect of the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition of the present disclosure, for preventing or controlling insect pest in crops, and for improving crop health in crops.

[0031] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments.DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0032] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0033] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the disclosure disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and / or patentability.

[0034] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes” and “including” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense that is as “including, but not limited to.”

[0035] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “some embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in some embodiments” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0036] As used in the description herein and throughout the numbered embodiments or claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0037] In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as concentration, ratio and so forth, used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the disclosure are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable.

[0038] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein.

[0039] The headings and abstract of the disclosure provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.

[0040] All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illustrate the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure otherwise claimed.

[0041] The following discussion provides many exemplary embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus, if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a secondembodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.

[0042] Various terms as used herein are described below. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.

[0043] The term “about” as used herein encompasses variations of + / -10% and more preferably + / -5%, or any such variations that are appropriate for practicing the present disclosure to achieve desired effects.

[0044] The term “locus” as used herein means fields in or on which plants are growing, or where seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or where seed will be placed into the soil. The term also includes the vicinity of a desired crop in which insect control is desired.

[0045] The term “insects” as used herein, includes all organisms in the class “Insecta”.

[0046] The term “crop” shall include a multitude of desired plants or an individual plant growing at a locus. As used herein, the term “plant” and “crop” have been used interchangeably throughout the present disclosure. Said term refers to all physical parts of a plant including foliage / leaves, seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, and fruits.

[0047] The term “control” or “controlling” or “preventing” a pest refers to inhibiting or reducing the growth, reducing the ability of pest to grow or reproduce or proliferate or spread, including killing (e.g., causing the morbidity or mortality, or reduced fecundity) of pest. Controlling effects include all deviation from natural development, for example: killing or retardation of the pest or decrease and treatment of the disease.

[0048] The term “pest” refers to an organism which is detrimental to the growth, reproduction, and / or viability of a plant, a portion of the plant or a plant seed. In one aspect, the pest is an insect.

[0049] The term “insecticides” as used herein, refer to chemicals used to control insects by killing them or preventing them from engaging in undesirable or destructive behaviors.

[0050] The term “insecticidal” as used herein, refers to the ability of an insecticide to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects.

[0051] Insecticides are classified based on their structure and mode of action. The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) classifies the various insecticides according to their mode of action.

[0052] The Spinosyns are a large family of compounds produced from fermentation in two species of Saccharopolyspora . In particular, Spinosad and Spinetoram (a type of Spinosyn) are insecticides based on chemical compounds found in the bacterial species Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Spinosad and Spinetoram are nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator in the insecticide resistance action committee (IRAC) group 5. Both the compounds are highly active, by both contact and ingestion. The mode of action of these insecticides is by neural mechanism. The specific mode of action of Spinosad and Spinetoram is to alter the function of nicotinic and GABA-gated ion channels, causing rapid excitation of the insect nervous system, leading to involuntary muscle contractions, tremors, paralysis, and death.

[0053] Flonicamid is a pyridinecarboxamide compound that disrupts insect chordotonal organs affecting the hearing, balance, movement to cause cessation of feeding, but the specific target site of the chemical is unknown. Flonicamid is a chordotonal organ modulator in the insecticide resistance action committee (IRAC) group 29. Flonicamid is chemically known as N-cyanomethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-3-pyridinecarboxyamide and represented as follows:

[0054] It was surprisingly found by the present inventors that the combination of a spinosyn compound-based insecticides (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitivemodulator) and a pyridinecarboxamide compound-based insecticide (chordotonal organ modulator) results in enhancement of insecticidal efficacy, reduction in plant disease incidence and enhanced pest control in comparison to the efficacy seen with the insecticides alone. For instance, the combination of spinosyn compound such as Spinosad / Spinetoram and pyridinecarboxamide compound such as Flonicamid effectively controls insect pest such as aphids, jassids, and whiteflies in plants with reduced phytotoxicity and improved health. As will be demonstrated in the examples below, the enhanced effect of the present insecticidal combinations and compositions thereof in controlling insect pest in cotton and okra is far superior to similar combinations or compositions of the prior art. Therefore, these unexpected advantages of the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure in controlling insect pest in cotton and okra have been attributed to synergism between the two active compounds or class of compounds.Insecticidal Combination

[0055] The present disclosure provides an insecticidal combination comprising at least two insecticides .

[0056] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling insect pest in cotton. More particularly, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling insect pest in cotton species selected from Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbcidense, Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium herbaceum, and combinations thereof.

[0057] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling insect pest in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus).

[0058] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling insect pest in cotton, selected from Jassids (Amrasca biguttula), Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), American boll worm (Helicoverpci armigera), Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders)' , Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), Tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fab.), Spotted bollworm (Earias insulana and Earias vitella Fab ), Thrips (Thrips tabaci), and Red cotton bug (Dysdercus cingulatusi).

[0059] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling insect pest in okra, selected from Jassids (Amrasca bigutula), Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), American boll worm (Helicoverpci armigera), Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders)' , Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), Tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fab.), Spotted bollworm (Earias insulana and Earias vitella Fab ), Thrips (Thrips tabaci), and Red cotton bug (Dysdercus cingulatusi).

[0060] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling insect pest in cotton, particularly sap feeding insects such as Jassids (Amrasca biguttula), Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), and Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).

[0061] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling jassids in cotton.

[0062] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling aphids in cotton.

[0063] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling whiteflies in cotton.

[0064] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling jassids in okra.

[0065] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling aphids in okra.

[0066] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure are effective in controlling whiteflies in okra.

[0067] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combination comprises at least two insecticides.

[0068] In some embodiments, at least one of the insecticides in the insecticidal combination is a spinosyn compound.

[0069] In some embodiments, at least one of the insecticides in the insecticidal combination is a pyridinecarboxamide compound.

[0070] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an insecticidal combination comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound; and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound.

[0071] In some embodiments, the spinosyn compound is selected from Spinetoram and Spinosad.

[0072] In some embodiments, the pyridinecarboxamide compound is Flonicamid.

[0073] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an insecticidal combination for controlling aphids, jassids and whitefly in a crop comprising: a) at one insecticide selected from Spinetoram or Spinosad; and b) Flonicamid.

[0074] In an embodiment, the crop is selected from cotton, okra, potato, tomato, soybean peanut, cucumber, pumpkin, melon, bean, squash, lettuce, beet, chard, and bok choy.

[0075] In some embodiments, the combination is used to control aphids, jassids and whitefly in cotton.

[0076] In some embodiments, the combination is used to control aphids, jassids and whitefly in okra.

[0077] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides an insecticidal combination comprising two or more insecticides each with different mode of actions.

[0078] In some embodiments, at least one of the insecticides is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator.

[0079] In some embodiments, at least one of the insecticides is a chordotonal organ modulator.

[0080] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combination comprises: a) at least one nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator; and b) at least one chordotonal organ modulator.

[0081] In some embodiments, at least one of the insecticides in the insecticidal combination is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator and is selected from Spinetoram or Spinosad.

[0082] In some embodiments, at least one of the insecticides in the insecticidal combination is a chordotonal organ modulator and is preferably Flonicamid.

[0083] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combination of the present disclosure may further comprise additional insecticide selected from chordotonal organ modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators; Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, Sodium channel modulators, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators - Site I, Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, Juvenile hormone mimics, Miscellaneous nonspecific (multi-site) inhibitors, Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, Mite growth inhibitors affecting CHS1, Microbial disruptors ofinsect midgut membranes, Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1, Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, Moulting disruptors, Dipteran, Ecdysone receptor agonists, Octopamine receptor agonists, Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, Voltage -dependent sodium channel blockers, Inhibitors of acetyl Co A carboxylase, Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, Ryanodinereceptor modulators, GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators and unknown mode of action compounds or combinations thereof.

[0084] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure comprises: a) at least one spinosyn compound; and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound employed in a ratio of about 1 :5 to 5: 1.

[0085] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure comprises: a) at least one spinosyn compound; and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound employed in a ratio of about 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, or 5: 1, including all values and ranges therebetween.

[0086] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure comprises: a) at least one spinosyn compound selected from Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound which is Flonicamid employed in a ratio of about 1:5 to 5: 1.

[0087] In some embodiments, insecticidal combination of the present disclosure comprises: a) Spinosad and b) Flonicamid employed in ratios ofabout 1: 1, 1: 1.2, 1: 1.25, 1: 1.3, 1: 1.33, 1: 1.35, 1: 1.4, 1: 1.45, 1: 1.5 or 1: 1.6.

[0088] In some embodiments, insecticidal combination of the present disclosure comprises: a) Spinetoram and b) Flonicamid employed in ratios of about 1: 1, 1: 1.2, 1: 1.25, 1: 1.3, 1: 1.33, 1: 1.35, 1: 1.4, 1: 1.45, 1: 1.5, 1: 1.6, or 1: 1.7.

[0089] In some embodiments, insecticidal combination of the present disclosure comprises: a) Spinosad and b) Flonicamid employed in ratios of aboutl: 1.25, 1: 1.3, 1: 1.33, 1: 1.35, or 1: 1.4.

[0090] In exemplary embodiments, insecticidal combination of the present disclosure comprises: a) Spinosad and b) Flonicamid employed in ratios of about 1 : 1.33 or 1 : 1.35.

[0091] In exemplary embodiments, insecticidal combination of the present disclosure comprises: a) Spinetam and b) Flonicamid employed in ratios of about 1 : 1.53 or 1 : 1.67

[0092] In some embodiments, the insecticidal combination is applied sequentially or simultaneously to the locus of application at different or same concentrations / amounts. Preferably, at least one insecticide is applied at a concentration of about 50 to 100 g ai / ha and at least one insecticide is applied at a concentration of about 20 to 100 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the spinosyn compound-based insecticide is applied at a concentration of about 20 to 100 g ai / ha and pyridinecarboxamide compound-based insecticide is applied at a concentration of about 40 to 100 g ai / ha.

[0093] In some embodiments, the Spinosyn based insecticide is Spinosad and it is applied at a rate of about 20 g ai / ha, 30 g ai / ha, 40 g ai / ha, 50 g ai / ha, 60 g ai / ha, 70 g ai / ha, or 80 g ai / ha.

[0094] In some embodiments, the Spinosyn based insecticide is Spinetoram and it is applied at a rate of about 20 g ai / ha, 30 g ai / ha, 40 g ai / ha, 50 g ai / ha, 60 g ai / ha, 70 g ai / ha, or 80 g ai / ha.

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, Spinosad is applied at a rate of about 25 g ai / ha.

[0096] In an exemplary embodiment, Spinosad is applied at a rate of about 37.5 g ai / ha.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, Spinosad is applied at a rate of about 45 g ai / ha.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, Spinosad is applied at a rate of about 52.5 g ai / ha.

[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, Spinosad is applied at a rate of about 75 g ai / ha.

[0100] In an exemplary embodiment, Spinosad is applied at a rate of about 60 g ai / ha.

[0101] In an exemplary embodiment, Spinetoram is applied at a rate of about 49 g ai / ha.

[0102] In some embodiments, the pyridinecarboxamide based insecticide is Flonicamid and is applied at a rate of about 40 g ai / ha, 50 g ai / ha, 60 g ai / ha, 70 g ai / ha, 80 g ai / ha, 90 g ai / ha, 100 g ai / ha , about 110 g ai / ha , about 110 g ai / ha , or about 120 g ai / ha.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, Flonicamid is applied at a rate of about 50 g ai / ha.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, Flonicamid is applied at a rate of about 60 g ai / ha.

[0105] In an exemplary embodiment, Flonicamid is applied at a rate of about 70 g ai / ha.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, Flonicamid is applied at a rate of about 75 g ai / ha.

[0107] In an exemplary embodiment, Flonicamid is applied at a rate of about 100 g ai / ha.

[0108] According to some embodiments, insecticides of the combinations as disclosed above, may be mixed at the time of application or on the point of application. The point of application refers to the locus of application of the said insecticides. The said locus could be an infected plant or a seed or any other plant propagation material, or an area adjacent to the said infected plant or a seed or any other plant propagation material and / or foliage.

[0109] The insecticidal combinations according to the present disclosure can be applied before or after infection of the useful plants or the propagation material thereof by the insect pest.Insecticidal Composition

[0110] The present disclosure further provides an insecticidal composition comprising at least two insecticides .

[0111] While the subsequent embodiments focus on insecticidal compositions, the features and characteristics of insecticides, insect pest, crop, mode of action, are as described by any ofthe embodiments above. For the sake of brevity, and avoiding repetition, each of those embodiments are not being reiterated here again. However, each of the said embodiments completely fall within the purview of the insecticidal composition, described herein.

[0112] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provide an insecticidal composition comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound; b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound; and c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0113] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest selected from aphids, jassids, and whiteflies in a crop comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound; b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound; and c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0114] In some embodiments, the crop is cotton.

[0115] In some embodiments, the crop is okra.

[0116] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an insecticidal composition comprising: a) at least one insecticide selected from Spinetoram or Spinosad; b) Flonicamid; and c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0117] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an insecticidal composition comprising: a) at least one nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator; b) at least one chordotonal organ modulator; and c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0118] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises:a) at least one nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator selected from Spinosad or Spinetoram; b) at least one chordotonal organ modulator which is Flonicamid; and c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0119] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises at least one or more agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0120] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises agriculturally acceptable excipient selected from a group comprising solvent, diluent, carrier, surfactant, dispersing agent, wetting agent, antifoam agent, stabilizing agent, anti-freezing agent, biocide, viscosity modifiers, pH modifier and combinations thereof.

[0121] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable solvent is selected from aromatic compounds, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, and also ethers and esters thereof, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphoxide, and also water.

[0122] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable carrier is selected from a solid carrier or a liquid carrier.

[0123] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable liquid carrier is selected from water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1,1,1 -trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol acetate, glycerol diacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobomyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxypropanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols ofhigher molecular weight, such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2 -pyrrolidone and combinations thereof.

[0124] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable solid carrier is selected from talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and combinations thereof.

[0125] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable surfactants may be selected from nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl (mono- or di-) phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene (mono-, di- or tri-) styrylphenyl ethers, polyoxyylene polyoxypropylene block copolymers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid (mono- or di-)esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, castor oil ethylene oxide adducts, acetylene glycol, acetylene alcohol, ethylene oxide adducts of acetylene glycol, ethylene oxide adducts of acetylene alcohol, alkyl glycosides, etc.; anionic surfactants, such as alkyl sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, naphthalene sulfonates, alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, salts of formalin condensate of naphthalenesulfonic acid, salts of formalin condensate of alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid ester salts, polyoxyethylene (mono- or di-) alkylphenyl ether sulfate or phosphate ester salts, polyoxyethylene (mono-, di- or tri)styrylphenyl ether sulfuric or phosphoric ester salts, polycarboxylates (for example, polyacrylic acid salts, polymaleic acid salts, a copolymer of maleic acid and olefin, etc.), polystyrene sulfonate, etc.; cationicsurfactants, such as alkyl amine salts, alkyl quaternary ammonium salts, etc.; amphoteric surfactants of amino acid type, betaine type, etc.; silicone surfactants, fluorine surfactants, and combinations thereof.

[0126] In one embodiment, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in plants / crops may contain ionic and nonionic dispersing agents to enable disintegration of granules in water with ease, such as salts of polystyrene sulphonic acids, salts of polyvinylsulphonic acids, salts of naphthalenesulphonic acid / formaldehyde condensates, salts of condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid and formaldehyde, and salts of lignosulphonic acid, polyethylene oxide / polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, reaction combinations of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, furthermore polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, acrylic copolymers, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, furthermore alkyl ethoxylates and alkylarylethoxylates. The preferred dispersing agents include sodium naphthalene sulfonateformaldehyde condensate, polyethyleneglycol mono- [2,4,6-tris (1 -phenylethyl] phenyl ether or a combination thereof.

[0127] In one embodiment, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in plants / crops may contain stabilizers. Such stabilizers may include carboxylic acids, such as citric acid and butenedioic acid or inorganic components such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate which may also act as a pH modifier.

[0128] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in plants / crops of the present disclosure comprise at least one antifoaming agent which are usually employed for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. In some embodiments, the preferred antifoaming agents are selected from silicone oil, modified polydimethylsiloxane, magnesium stearate or a suitable combination thereof.

[0129] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in plants / crops of the present disclosure comprise at least one pH modifier selected from organic and inorganic components that are usually employed in agrochemical compositions to modify the pH. In a non-limiting embodiment, the pH modifier may be selected from potassiumcarbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.However, the choice of a pH modifier is not particularly limiting.

[0130] In an embodiment, the biocide is l,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one.

[0131] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises: a) at least one spinosyn compound; b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound; and c) optionally at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0132] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises: a) at least one spinosyn compound at an amount of about 10 % w / w to about 20 % w / w; b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound at an amount of about 15 % w / w to about 30 % w / w; and c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w of the composition.

[0133] In exemplary embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises: a) Spinosad at an amount of about 14 % w / w to about 16 % w / w; b) Flonicamid at an amount of about 18 % w / w to about 21 % w / w; and c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w of the composition.

[0134] In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition is applied at a rate of about 100 g / ha to about 1000 g / ha.

[0135] In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition is applied at a rate of about 200 g / ha to about 800 g / ha.

[0136] In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition is applied at a rate of about 300 g / ha to about 700 g / ha.

[0137] In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition is applied at a rate of about 400 g / ha to about 600 g / ha

[0138] In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition is applied at a rate of about 570 g / ha.

[0139] In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition is applied at a rate of about 750 g / ha.

[0140] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect crops in crops such as cotton is in a solid dosage form or liquid dosage form.

[0141] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in plants such as cotton is in a dosage form selected from a group comprising aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold-fogging concentrates, warm-fogging concentrates, encapsulated granules, fine granules, flowable concentrates for the treatment of seed, ready-to-use solutions, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in oil emulsions, macrogranules, microgranules, oil-dispersible powders, oil-miscible flowable concentrates, oil-miscible liquids, foams, pastes, pesticide-coated seed, suspension concentrates, suspension emulsion concentrates, soluble concentrates, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts and granules, water-soluble granules or tablets, water-soluble powders for the treatment of seed, wettable powders, natural combinations and synthetic substances impregnated with active compound, and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating materials for seed, and also ULV cold fogging and warm-fogging formulations.

[0142] In exemplary embodiments, the insecticidal composition of the present disclosure is formulated as a suspension concentrate.

[0143] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate comprises: a) at least one spinosyn compound; b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound; and c) optionally, at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0144] In an embodiment, the concentration of excipients is in the range from about 0.01% to about 95% w / w of the total weight of the composition.

[0145] In an embodiment, the concentration of excipients is in the range from about 1% to about 90% w / w of the total weight of the composition.

[0146] In an embodiment, the concentration of excipients is in the range from about 10 % to about 80 % w / w of the total weight of the composition.

[0147] In an embodiment, the concentration of excipients is in the range from about 20 % to about 60 % w / w of the total weight of the composition.

[0148] In an embodiment, the concentration of excipients is in the range from about 40 % to about 50 % w / w of the total weight of the composition.

[0149] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate comprises: a) at least one spinosyn compound at an amount of about 10 % w / w to about 20 % w / w ; b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound at an amount of about 15 % w / w to about 30 % w / w ; and c) at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount of about 0.01 % w / w to about 90 % w / w, by weight of the suspension concentrate.

[0150] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate comprises: a) at least one spinosyn compound at an amount of about 10 % w / w to about 20 % w / w; b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound at an amount of about 15 % w / w to about 30 % w / w; and c) at least one dispersing agent at an amount of about 0.5% w / w to about 5% w / w; and d) optionally at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0151] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate comprises:a) at least one spinosyn compound which is Spinosad at an amount of about 14 % w / w to about 16 % w / w; b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound which is Flonicamid at an amount of about 18 % w / w to about 21 % w / w; and c) at least one dispersing agent at an amount of about 0.5 % w / w to about 4% w / w; d) at least one anti-freeze agent at an amount of about 2 % w / w to about 10 % w / w; e) at least one biocide at an amount of about 0.01 % w / w to about 0.5 % w / w; f) at least one anti -foam at an amount of about 0.1% w / w to about 1% w / w; g) at least one viscosity modifier at an amount of about 0.01% w / w to about 0.25% w / w; h) at least one solvent at an amount of about 2 % w / w to about 12 % w / w; and i) at least one diluent at an amount of about 5% w / w to about 95% w / w.

[0152] In an embodiment, the dispersing agents are selected from polymeric surfactant, polyalkylene oxide block copolymer, sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfone formaldehyde condensate or a combination thereof.

[0153] In an embodiment, the anti-freeze agent is Propylene glycol.

[0154] In an embodiment, the biocide is 1, 2- Benzisothiazolin-3-one.

[0155] In an embodiment, the anti-foaming agent is modified polydimethylsiloxane.

[0156] In an embodiment, the viscosity modifier is xanthum gum.

[0157] In an embodiment, the solvent is white mineral oil.

[0158] In an embodiment, the diluent is water.

[0159] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for preparation of the insecticidal composition, described herein.

[0160] In some embodiments, the process for preparation of insecticidal composition for controlling insect pests in cotton comprises dissolving water along with at least dispersing agent to obtain a uniform solution followed by addition of anti-foaming agent and the solvent to the uniform solution. While stirring the uniform solution, both active ingredients are added to obtain a homogenous solution. The homogenous solution is milled to obtain a milled slurry. In a separate vessel, a gel solution is prepared by adding xanthum gum and propylene glycol. The gel solution is then added to the milled slurry and homogenized to obtain the final formulation

[0161] While the preceding embodiments focus on insecticidal compositions for controlling insect pests in crops, each of the said embodiments correspond to and completely fall within the purview of the insecticidal compositions for preventing insect pests in crops.Method of controlling insect pest in crops

[0162] The present disclosure further relates to a method of controlling the growth of insect pest in crops, said method comprising contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of crops, an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition, as described above.

[0163] The present disclosure additionally provides a method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pest, said method comprising contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of crops, an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition, as described above.

[0164] While the subsequent embodiments focus on method of controlling the growth of insect pest in crops, and method of improving crop health, all the features and characteristics of insecticidal combination, insecticidal composition, insecticide, insect pest, and crop are as described by any of the embodiments above. For the sake of brevity, and avoiding repetition, each of those embodiments are not being reiterated here again. However, each of the said embodiments completely fall within the purview of method of controlling the growth of harmful insect pest in crops, and method of improving crop health.

[0165] In some embodiments, the method for controlling growth of harmful insect pests in crops comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of crops an effectiveamount of an insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition, comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound, and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound.

[0166] In some embodiments, the method for controlling growth of harmful insect pests in crops comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of crops an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition, comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound, and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound at a ratio in the range from about 1 :5 to about 5: 1.

[0167] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of harmful insect pest in cotton and method of improving crop health in cotton comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of at least one spinosyn compound; and b) insecticidally effective amount of at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound.

[0168] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of harmful insect pest in okra, and method of improving crop health in okra comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of okra crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of at least one spinosyn compound; and b) insecticidally effective amount of at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound.

[0169] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids, or whiteflies in cotton, and method of improving crop health in cotton comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of at least one spinosyn compound selected from Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound which is Flonicamid.

[0170] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the growth of harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids, or whiteflies in okra, and method of improving crop health okra comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of okra crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of at least one spinosyn compound selected from Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound which is Flonicamid.

[0171] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids, and whiteflies in cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.

[0172] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids, and whiteflies in okra; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of okra crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.

[0173] In some embodiments, the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid wherein the Spinosad and the Flonicamid are employed in a ratio of 1:5 to 5: 1.

[0174] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in okra; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of okra crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.Wherein the Spinosad and the Flonicamid are present in a ratio of 1 :5 to 5: 1.

[0175] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.Wherein the Spinetoram and the Flonicamid are present in a ratio of 1 :5 to 5 : 1.

[0176] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in okra; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of okra crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.Wherein the Spinetoram and the Flonicamid are present in a ratio of 1 :5 to 5 : 1.

[0177] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids or whiteflies in cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.Wherein the Spinosad and the Flonicamid are present in a ratio of 1 : 1.33 or 1 : 1.35.

[0178] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids or whiteflies in okra;said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of okra crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.Wherein the Spietoram and the Flonicamid are present in a ratio of 1 : 1 .53 or 1 : 1.67.

[0179] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid; wherein the Spinosad or Spinetoram are applied at a rate in the range of about 20 g ai / ha to 100 g ai / ha, and the Flonicamid is applied at a concentration in the range of about 40 g ai / ha to 100 g ai / ha.

[0180] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad at an amount of about 14 % w / w to about 16 % w / w; b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid at an amount of about 18 % w / w to about 21 % w / w; and c) an agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount of at an amount of about 0.1 % w / w to about 90 % w / w of the composition.

[0181] In some embodiments of the method of controlling the harmful insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in okra; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of okra crop an effective amount of an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad at an amount of about 14 % w / w to about 16 % w / w;b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid at an amount of about 18 % w / w to about 21 % w / w; and c) an agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount of at an amount of about 0.1 % w / w to about 90 % w / w of the composition.

[0182] In some embodiments of the method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies, and wherein crop is cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.

[0183] In some embodiments of the method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies, and wherein crop is okra; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of okra crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.

[0184] In some embodiments of the method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies, and wherein crop is cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, at the locus of cotton crop, or at the locus of the insect pest infestation an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid. wherein the Spinosad and the Flonicamid are present in a ratio of 1:5 to 5: 1.

[0185] In some embodiments of the method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies, and wherein crop is cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising:a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid. wherein the Spinosad and the Flonicamid are present in a ratio of 1 : 1.33 or 1 : 1.35.

[0186] In some embodiments of the method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies, and wherein crop is okra; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, at the locus of cotton crop, or at the locus of the insect pest infestation an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid. wherein the Spinetoram and the Flonicamid are present in a ratio of 1:5 to 5: 1.

[0187] In some embodiments of the method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies, and wherein crop is okra; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid. wherein the Spinetoram and the Flonicamid are present in a ratio of 1 : 1.53 or 1 : 1.67.

[0188] In some embodiments of the method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies, and wherein crop is okra; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid; wherein the Spinosad or Spinetoram is applied at a concentration in the range of about 20 g ai / hato 100 g ai / ha, and the Flonicamid is applied at a concentration in the range of about 40 g ai / ha to 100 g ai / ha.

[0189] In some embodiments of the method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies, and wherein crop is okra; andsaid method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid; wherein the Spinosad or Spinetoram is applied at a concentration in the range of about 20 g ai / hato 100 g ai / ha, and the Flonicamid is applied at a concentration in the range of about 40 g ai / ha to 100 g ai / ha.

[0190] In some embodiments of the method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies, and wherein crop is cotton; and said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad at an amount of about 14 % w / w to about 16 % w / w; b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid at an amount of about 18 % w / w to about 21 % w / w; and c) an agriculturally acceptable excipient at an amount of at an amount of about 0. 1 % w / w to about 90 % w / w of the composition.

[0191] In some embodiments of the method of preventing insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of at least one spinosyn compound; and b) insecticidally effective amount of at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound.

[0192] In some embodiments of the method of preventing insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in okra; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of at least one spinosyn compound; andb) insecticidally effective amount of at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound.

[0193] In some embodiments of the method of preventing insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in cotton; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.

[0194] In some embodiments of the method of preventing insect pests selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies in okra; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of okra crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.

[0195] In some embodiments of the method of controlling disease in cotton caused by insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of at least one spinosyn compound; and b) insecticidally effective amount of at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound.

[0196] In some embodiments of the method of controlling disease in cotton caused by insect pest selected from aphids, jassids and whiteflies; said method comprises contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of cotton crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or an insecticidal composition, comprising: a) insecticidally effective amount of Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) insecticidally effective amount of Flonicamid.

[0197] The methods of the present disclosure can be carried out in agricultural lands such as fields, lawns, and orchards, or in non-agricultural lands. The present methods may be used to control diseases in agricultural lands for cultivating the crops without any phytotoxicity to the crop. The insecticidal combinations and compositions of the present disclosure do not show any sign or symptoms of any phytotoxicity and are safe at different growth stages of crops.

[0198] In some embodiments, the combinations or compositions of the present disclosure may be applied by various conventional treating techniques and machines, such as sprayers, fluidized bed techniques, the roller mill method, drones, rotostatic seed treaters, and drum coaters, spouted beds, etc. Pre- and post-coating procedures such as sizing etc., may also be carried out. Such procedures are known in the art. It is readily understood that plant propagation material will typically be treated only once it is removed from the plant and is ready to be resown.

[0199] In some embodiments, the treatment may occur before sowing of the plant propagation material so that the sown material has been pre-treated with the present insecticidal combination or composition. In particular, seed coating or seed pelleting are preferred in the treatment of the present insecticidal combination or composition according to the disclosure. As a result of the treatment, the active ingredients in the combination and / or composition are adhered on to the seed and therefore available for disease control.Use

[0200] The present disclosure further relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition described herein, .

[0201] The present disclosure also relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition described herein, for preventing insect pest in crops.

[0202] The present disclosure additionally relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition described herein, for improving crop health.

[0203] While the subsequent embodiments focus on use of the insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition described herein , for preventing insect pest in crops, and for improving crop health, all the features and characteristics of insecticidal combination, insecticidal composition, insecticides, insect pest, and crop are as described by any of theembodiments above. For the sake of brevity, and avoiding repetition, each of those embodiments are not being reiterated here again. However, each of the said embodiments completely fall within the purview of use of the insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition described herein , for preventing insect pest in crops, and for improving crop health.

[0204] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition comprising a) at least one spinosyn compound, and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound for controlling insect pest in cotton.

[0205] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition comprising a) Spinosad or Spinetoram and b) Flonicamid for controlling insect pests selected from aphids, jassids or whiteflies in cotton.

[0206] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination comprising Spinosad and Flonicamid for controlling aphids in cotton, wherein Spinosad and Flonicamid are employed in ratio of 1: 1.33 or 1: 1.35.

[0207] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination comprising Spinosad and Flonicamid for controlling jassids in cotton, wherein Spinosad and Flonicamid are employed in ratio of 1: 1.33 or 1: 1.35.

[0208] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination comprising Spinetoram and Flonicamid for controlling jassids in okra, wherein Spinosad and Flonicamid are employed in ratio of 1: 1.53 or 1: 1.64.

[0209] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition comprising a) at least one spinosyn compound, and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound for preventing insect pest infestation in cotton.

[0210] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition comprising a) Spinosad or Spinetoam and b) Flonicamid for preventing insect pest infestation by aphids, jassids or whiteflies in cotton.

[0211] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition comprising a) Spinosad or Spinetoam and b) Flonicamid for preventing insect pest infestation by aphids, jassids or whiteflies in okra.

[0212] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition comprising a) at least one spinosyn compound, and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound for improving crop health where crop is cotton and is susceptible to insect pest.

[0213] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition comprising a) at least one spinosyn compound, and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound for improving crop health where crop is okra and is susceptible to insect pest.

[0214] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition comprising a) Spinosad or Spinetoram and b) Flonicamid for improving crop health where crop is cotton and is susceptible to aphids, jassids or whiteflies.

[0215] It is to be understood that the foregoing description is illustrative and not limiting. While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on particular features of this disclosure, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made, and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein. Similarly, additional embodiments and features of the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in art based upon description provided herein.

[0216] Descriptions of well-known / conventional methods / steps and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. Further, the disclosure herein provides for examples illustrating the above-described embodiments, and in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure, certain aspects have been employed. The examples used herein for such illustration are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments. Accordingly, the following examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.Kit of parts

[0217] The insecticidal combinations of the present disclosure may be provided as a kit of parts such that individual insecticides of the kit may be tank mixed, alone or together, before spraying. In some embodiments, the kit of parts may contain at least one insecticide comprising a spinosyn compound, preferably Spinosad or Spinetoram and a second insecticide comprising at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound preferably flonicamid such that the two components may be tank mixed, alone or together, before spraying.

[0218] Therefore, in an aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising an insecticidal combination comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound; and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound. In exemplary embodiments, the kit comprises an insecticidal combination comprising a) Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b) Flonicamid.

[0219] These combinations or compositions as described above may be applied to the insect pest or to locus of the insect pest or to the plant / crop, in synergistically effective amount. It can be seen from the use examples herein below that the found insecticidal action of the active compound combinations according to the invention exceeds the calculated value, that is to say that the new active compound combinations have a synergistic effect in controlling insect pests.

[0220] This effectiveness of all treatments can be evaluated according to Colby’s equation. In the Colby’s equation given below, E is the expected efficacy of combination of Spinosad, and Flonicamid,X is the observed efficacy of Spinosad or salts thereof and Y is the observed efficacy of Flonicamid.Observed efficacy values i.e., X and Y are % pest control for Spinosad and Flonicamid. If observed efficacy of combination of Spinosad and Flonicamid is greater than its expected efficacy, then combination is determined to be synergistic. If observed efficacy is equal to or less than expected efficacy, then combination is determined to be non- synergistic.Colby’s equation E = X + Y - XY / 100

[0221] The results of synergistic effects of the present combinations / compositions is represented in examples. As used herein, all numerical values or numerical ranges include integers within such ranges and fractions of the values or the integers within ranges unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a range of 90- 100%, includes 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 95%, 97%, etc., as well as 91.1%, 91.2%, 91.3%, 91.4%, 91.5%, etc., 92.1%, 92.2%, 92.3%, 92.4%, 92.5%, etc., and so forth.ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0222] The present insecticidal combination and insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in plants, preferably cotton that improves the insect pest (aphids, jassids, or whiteflies) control and improves the yield of cotton plant, with reduced phytotoxicity.

[0223] The methods employed by the present disclosure indicate sustained and effective control of insect pest in crops, such as aphids, jassids and whiteflies.

[0224] The present insecticidal combination and insecticidal composition for controlling insect pest in crop plants, preferably aphids, jassids and whiteflies, demonstrates that combining a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator (for e.g., Spinosad) with a chordotonal organ modulator (for e.g., Flonicamid leads to an enhanced insecticidal activity.EXAMPLES

[0225] While the foregoing description discloses various embodiments of the disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope of the disclosure. The disclosure is not limited to the described embodiments, versions, or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the disclosure when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.Example 1 : Bio-efficacy dataTrials were performed to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of the present combination (Spinosad + Flonicamid) on Jassids (Amarasca biguttuld) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).Table 1: Table 1 demonstrates synergy on Jassids using the combination of Spinosad (75 g ai / ha) and flonicamid (100 g ai / ha). The percentage efficacy was calculated at 10 and 14 days after application (DAA). The target pest was jassid (Amarasca biguttula), the amount of the insecticide and the results are recorded in the table 1 below:Example 2: Bio-efficacy data Trials were performed to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of the present combination (Spinosad + Flonicamid) on Aphids (Aphis gossypii) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).Table 2: Table 2 demonstrates synergy on aphids using the combination of Spinosad (75 g ai / ha) and flonicamid (100 g ai / ha). The percentage efficacy was calculated at 10 and 14 days after application (DAA). The target pest was Aphid (Aphis gossypii), the amount of the insecticide and the results are recorded in the table 2 below:Table 2Example 3: Bio-efficacy dataTrials were performed to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of the present combination (Spinetoram + Flonicamid) on Aphids (Aphis gossypii) in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Table 3: Table 3 demonstrates synergy on pests using the combination of Spinetoram (49 g ai / ha) and flonicamid (75 g ai / ha). The percentage efficacy was calculated at 07 and 10 days after application (DAA). The target pest was Aphid (Aphis gossypii). and the concentration of the insecticide and the results are recorded in the table 3 below:Table 3Example 4: Spinosad + Flonicamid suspension concentrateTable 3The foregoing description of the specific embodiments reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and / or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments in this disclosure have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.Throughout this specification, the term ‘combinations thereof or ‘any combination thereof or ‘any combinations thereof are used interchangeably and are intended to have the same meaning, as regularly known in the field of patents disclosures.As regards the embodiments characterized in this specification, it is intended that each embodiment be read independently as well as in combination with another embodiment. For example, in case of some embodiments 1 reciting 3 alternatives A, B and C, some embodiments 2 reciting 3 alternatives D, E and F and some embodiments 3 reciting 3 alternatives G, H and I, it is to be understood that the specification unambiguously discloses embodiments corresponding to combinations A, D, G; A, D, H; A, D, I; A, E, G; A, E, H; A, E, I; A, F, G; A, F, H; A, F, I; B, D, G; B, D, H; B, D, I; B, E, G; B, E, H; B, E, I; B, F, G; B, F, H; B, F, I; C, D, G; C, D, H; C, D, I; C, E, G; C, E, H; C, E, I; C, F, G; C, F, H; C, F, I, unless specifically mentioned otherwise.Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles and the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.

Claims

We claim:1) A method for controlling growth of harmful insect pests in crops, said method comprising contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of crops an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or insecticidal composition, comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound; and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound at a ratio in the range from about 1 :5 to about 5: 1.2) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spinosyn compound is selected from Spinosad and Spinetoram.3) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyridinecarboxamide compound is Flonicamid.4) The method as claimed in claims 1, wherein spinosyn compound and pyridinecarboxamide compound are employed in a ratio of about 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, or 5: 1.5) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crop is selected from cotton, okra, potato, tomato, soybean, peanut, cucumber, pumpkin, melon, bean, squash, lettuce, beet, chard, and bok choy.6) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insect pest is selected from aphids, jassids, or whiteflies.7) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition, comprises: a. Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b. Flonicamid.8) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein spinosyn compound are applied at a rate in the range from about 20 to about 100 g ai / ha and pyridinecarboxamide compound is applied at a rate from about 40 to about 100 g ai / ha.9) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insecticidal combination or the insecticidal composition are applied at a rate from about 100 g / ha to about 1000 g / ha.10) An insecticidal combination for controlling insect pest in cotton and okra, comprising: a. Spinosad or Spinetoram; and b. Flonicamid.11) An insecticidal composition, comprising: a. Spinosad or Spinetoram; b. Flonicamid; andc. at least an agrochemically acceptable excipient.12) The composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein Spinosad or Spinetoram is employed at a concentration in the range from about 10 % w / w to about 20 % w / w of the total weight of the composition.13) The composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein Flonicamid is employed at a concentration in the range from about 15 % w / w to about 30 % w / w of the total weight of the composition.14) The composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the composition is a suspension concentrate.15) The composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the agrochemically acceptable excipients are selected from solvent, diluent, carrier, surfactant, dispersing agent, wetting agent, antifoam agent, stabilizing agent, anti-freezing agent, biocide, viscosity modifiers, pH modifier or a combinations thereof.16) The composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the concentration of excipients is in the range from about 0.01% to about 95% w / w of the total weight of the composition.17) A method of improving crop health in crops susceptible to insect pests, said method comprising contacting or applying to seeds, foliage, or at the locus of crop an effective amount of an insecticidal combination or composition comprising: a) at least one spinosyn compound, and b) at least one pyridinecarboxamide compound.