Method and apparatus for transmitting message by terminal in wireless communication system

Abstract

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for transmitting a message by a first terminal in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments. Disclosed are a method and an apparatus therefor, the method comprising the steps of: periodically transmitting a first message including first mobility information to a second terminal via a first link for direct device-to-device communication; periodically transmitting a second message including second mobility information to the second terminal via a second link for communication with a network; and receiving, from the second terminal, information on a reception time difference between the first message and the second message.

Description

Method for transmitting a message by a terminal in a wireless communication system and device therefor

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for a terminal to periodically transmit two or more messages in a wireless communication system and a device therefor.

[0002] Wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0003] Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). SL is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0004] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0005] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive machine type communication (MTC), and ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0006] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0007] In relation to V2X communication, in RATs prior to NR, methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) were mainly discussed. V2X messages may include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal may transmit a CAM of a periodic message type and / or a DENM of an event triggered message type to another terminal.

[0008] For example, a CAM may include basic vehicle information such as dynamic vehicle status information, such as direction and speed, static vehicle data, such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, and route history. For example, a terminal may broadcast a CAM, and the latency of the CAM may be less than 100 ms. For example, in the event of an emergency, such as a vehicle breakdown or accident, a terminal may generate a DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal may receive the CAM and / or DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM.

[0009] Since then, various V2X scenarios have been proposed in NR in relation to V2X communications. For example, various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

[0010] For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles in the group can receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles in the group can use this periodic data to narrow or widen the gap between vehicles.

[0011] For example, based on improved driving, vehicles can become semi-autonomous or fully automated. For example, each vehicle can adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data acquired from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. Furthermore, for example, each vehicle can share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0012] For example, based on extended sensors, raw data, processed data, or live video data acquired through local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals, and / or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, a vehicle can perceive its environment better than it can perceive using its own sensors.

[0013] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control the remote vehicle for people who cannot drive or for remote vehicles located in hazardous environments. For example, in cases where the route is predictable, such as public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be utilized to operate or control the remote vehicle. Additionally, access to a cloud-based back-end service platform, for example, can be considered for remote driving.

[0014] Meanwhile, a method to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, expanded sensors, and remote driving, is being discussed in NR-based V2X communication.

[0015] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and a device for accurately and efficiently transmitting and receiving messages by a terminal in a wireless communication system.

[0016] The technical challenges are not limited to the technical challenges mentioned above, and other technical challenges not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0017] In a wireless communication system according to one aspect, a method for transmitting a message by a first terminal comprises the steps of: periodically transmitting a first message including first mobility information to a second terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals; periodically transmitting a second message including second mobility information to the second terminal through a second link for communication with a network; and receiving information about a reception time difference between the first message and the second message from the second terminal, wherein a transmission time of the second message can be adjusted based on whether the reception time difference exceeds a specific value.

[0018] Alternatively, the transmission time of the second message is adjusted to have an offset time interval from the transmission time of the first message, and the offset time is determined based on the difference in reception time.

[0019] Alternatively, the first terminal is characterized in that it calculates a difference value of a reception delay time between the first message and the second message based on the difference in reception times, and determines the offset time based on the calculated difference value.

[0020] Alternatively, the offset time is characterized in that it is determined by subtracting the difference value from the transmission period of the first message.

[0021] Alternatively, the specific value is characterized as being 0.

[0022] Alternatively, the specific value is characterized in that it is determined based on the time resource length of the second message.

[0023] Alternatively, the information on the reception time difference is characterized in that it is received based on the reception time difference exceeding the specific value.

[0024] According to another aspect, a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for performing the method of transmitting the above-described message may be provided.

[0025] According to another aspect, a first terminal may be provided that performs the method of transmitting the message described above.

[0026] According to another aspect, a processing device may be provided for controlling a first terminal to perform the method of transmitting the message described above.

[0027] According to another aspect, a method for a second terminal to receive a message in a wireless communication system includes the steps of: periodically receiving a first message including first mobility information from the first terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals; periodically receiving a second message including second mobility information from the first terminal through a second link connected to a network; and calculating a reception time difference between the first message and the second message, wherein the reception time difference can be reported to the first terminal to request adjustment of a transmission time of the second message.

[0028] Alternatively, the second terminal is characterized in that it calculates the motion characteristics (dynamics) of the first terminal based on the difference between the first mobility information and the second mobility information.

[0029] According to another aspect, a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for performing the method of receiving the above-described message may be provided.

[0030] According to another aspect, a second terminal may be provided that performs the method of receiving the message described above.

[0031] According to another aspect, a processing device may be provided for controlling a second terminal to perform the method of receiving the above-described message.

[0032] According to one embodiment, a terminal can transmit and receive messages accurately and efficiently.

[0033] The effects that can be obtained in various embodiments are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0034] The drawings attached to this specification are intended to provide an understanding of the present invention, illustrate various embodiments of the present invention, and together with the description of the specification serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0036] Figure 2 shows the structure of the LTE system.

[0037] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0038] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0039] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 11 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication.

[0046] Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0047] Figure 13 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0048] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figures 16 and 17 are drawings for explaining the message operation method of a hybrid terminal.

[0051] Figure 18 is a block diagram briefly illustrating the configuration of a hybrid terminal, and Figure 19 is a drawing for explaining a method of transmitting and receiving messages between hybrid terminals.

[0052] Figure 20 is a diagram for explaining a method in which a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal exchange information about reception delay.

[0053] Figure 21 is a diagram for explaining a method for a receiving terminal to calculate the motion characteristics of a transmitting terminal.

[0054] FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a method for a first terminal to transmit a first message, which is a V2X message, and a second message, which is a V2N message.

[0055] FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a method for a second terminal to receive a first message, which is a V2X message, and a second message, which is a V2N message.

[0056] Figure 24 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0057] Figure 25 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0058] Figure 26 shows another example of a wireless device applied to the present invention.

[0059] Figure 27 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

[0060] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0061] Sidelink refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). Sidelink is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0062] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0063] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication.

[0064] The following technologies can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, providing backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA (evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access), employing OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink.LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0065] 5G NR, the successor to LTE-A, is a new clean-slate mobile communications system featuring high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0066] For clarity, the description will focus on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical ideas of the embodiment(s) are not limited thereto.

[0067] Figure 2 illustrates the architecture of an applicable LTE system. This may be referred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-A system.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station (20; BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10), and may be referred to by other terms such as an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

[0069] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other via the X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to an EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) via the S1 interface, more specifically, to an MME (Mobility Management Entity) via the S1-MME, and to an S-GW (Serving Gateway) via the S1-U.

[0070] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information about terminal access and capabilities, and this information is primarily used for terminal mobility management. The S-GW is a gateway with the E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with the PDN as its endpoint.

[0071] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to Layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in Layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0072] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 3, the NG-RAN may include a gNB and / or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE. FIG. 7 illustrates a case where only a gNB is included. The gNB and eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and eNB are connected to the 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNB is connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via the NG-C interface, and the gNB is connected to the user plane function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.

[0074] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 4, radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (Half-Frames, HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms sub-frames (Subframes, SF). A sub-frame can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a sub-frame can be determined by the Subcarrier Spacing (SCS). Each slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0076] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0077] Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot ((N)) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame ((N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe ((N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0078] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0079] Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when extended CP is used.

[0080] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0081] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0082] In NR, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS can support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS can support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. A 60 kHz or higher SCS can support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0083] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges can be FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges can be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0084] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0085] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, such as for vehicular communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0086] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0087] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0088] Referring to Figure 5, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

[0089] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0090] Meanwhile, the wireless interface between terminals or between terminals and a network may be composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the L1 layer may refer to a physical layer. Furthermore, for example, the L2 layer may refer to at least one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. Furthermore, for example, the L3 layer may refer to an RRC layer.

[0091] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0092] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0093] - Satellite integrated network

[0094] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0095] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0096] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0097] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0098] - small cell networks

[0099] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0100] - High-capacity backhaul

[0101] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0102] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0103] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0104] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0105] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0106] Figure 7 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

[0107] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0108] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0109] - Optical wireless technology

[0110] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0111] - Quantum communication

[0112] - Cell-free communication

[0113] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0114] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0115] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0116] - Big data analysis

[0117] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0118] - metaverse

[0119] - Block chain

[0120] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0121] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0122] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 9, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the replay payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 8 and 9 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0123] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 10 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 10 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0124] Figure 11 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication. Specifically, Figure 11 (a) illustrates the user plane protocol stack of NR, and Figure 11 (b) illustrates the control plane protocol stack of NR.

[0125] Below, the SL synchronization signal (Sidelink Synchronization Signal, SLSS) and synchronization information are described.

[0126] SLSS is an SL-specific sequence and may include a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS). The PSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal (S-SSS). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal and acquire synchronization using the S-PSS. For example, a terminal may acquire detailed synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using the S-PSS and the S-SSS.

[0127] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in NR V2X, for evaluating PSBCH performance, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0128] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0129] Meanwhile, in the NR SL system, multiple numerologies having different SCS and / or CP lengths may be supported. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource for a transmitting terminal to transmit an S-SSB may become shorter. Accordingly, the coverage of the S-SSB may decrease. Therefore, in order to ensure the coverage of the S-SSB, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to a receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting terminal transmits to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission period may be 160 ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms may be supported for all SCSs.

[0130] For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 30 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0131] For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 120 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0132] Meanwhile, when the SCS is 60 kHz, two types of CP may be supported. In addition, the structure of the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal may be different depending on the CP type. For example, the CP type may be Normal CP (NCP) or Extended CP (ECP). Specifically, for example, when the CP type is NCP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 9 or 8. On the other hand, for example, when the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 7 or 6. For example, the PSBCH may be mapped to the first symbol within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal. For example, the receiving terminal receiving the S-SSB may perform an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) operation in the first symbol section of the S-SSB.

[0133] Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0134] Referring to FIG. 12, the term "terminal" in V2X or SL communication may primarily refer to a user's terminal. However, if a network device such as a base station transmits and receives signals according to a communication method between terminals, the base station may also be considered a type of terminal. For example, terminal 1 may be a first device (100), and terminal 2 may be a second device (200).

[0135] For example, terminal 1 can select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource within a resource pool, which represents a set of resources. Then, terminal 1 can transmit an SL signal using the resource unit. For example, terminal 2, which is a receiving terminal, can be configured with a resource pool in which terminal 1 can transmit a signal, and can detect a signal from terminal 1 within the resource pool.

[0136] Here, if terminal 1 is within the connection range of the base station, the base station can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool. On the other hand, if terminal 1 is outside the connection range of the base station, another terminal can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool, or terminal 1 can use a pre-configured resource pool.

[0137] In general, a resource pool can be composed of multiple resource units, and each terminal can select one or multiple resource units to use for its SL signal transmission.

[0138] Figure 13 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0139] Referring to Figure 13, the entire frequency resources of the resource pool can be divided into NF units, and the entire time resources of the resource pool can be divided into NT units. Therefore, a total of NF * NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. Figure 13 illustrates an example where the resource pool repeats with a cycle of NT subframes.

[0140] As illustrated in Figure 13, a single resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) may appear periodically and repeatedly. Alternatively, to achieve diversity effects in the time or frequency dimensions, the index of the physical resource unit to which a single logical resource unit is mapped may change in a predetermined pattern over time. In this resource unit structure, a resource pool may refer to a set of resource units that a terminal wishing to transmit an SL signal can use for transmission.

[0141] Resource pools can be subdivided into several categories. For example, based on the content of the SL signal transmitted from each resource pool, resource pools can be categorized as follows:

[0142] (1) Scheduling Assignment (SA) may be a signal that includes information such as the location of resources used by a transmitting terminal for transmission of an SL data channel, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission method required for demodulation of other data channels, and TA (Timing Advance). SA may also be transmitted multiplexed with SL data on the same resource unit, in which case the SA resource pool may mean a resource pool in which SA is multiplexed with SL data and transmitted. SA may also be called an SL control channel.

[0143] (2) The SL data channel (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, PSSCH) may be a resource pool used by a transmitting terminal to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit, only the SL data channel excluding SA information may be transmitted from the resource pool for the SL data channel. In other words, the REs (Resource Elements) that were used to transmit SA information on individual resource units within the SA resource pool may still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting terminal may transmit the PSSCH by mapping it to consecutive PRBs.

[0144] (3) A discovery channel may be a resource pool for transmitting terminals to transmit information such as their IDs. Through this, transmitting terminals can enable neighboring terminals to discover them.

[0145] Even if the content of the SL signal described above is the same, different resource pools may be used depending on the transmission and reception properties of the SL signal. For example, even if it is the same SL data channel or discovery message, it may be again divided into different resource pools depending on the transmission timing determination method of the SL signal (for example, whether it is transmitted at the time of reception of a synchronization reference signal or whether it is transmitted by applying a certain timing advance at the time of reception), the resource allocation method (for example, whether the base station designates transmission resources for individual signals to individual transmitting terminals or whether individual transmitting terminals independently select individual signal transmission resources within the resource pool), the signal format (for example, the number of symbols each SL signal occupies in one subframe or the number of subframes used for transmission of one SL signal), the signal strength from the base station, the transmission power strength of the SL terminal, etc.

[0146] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0147] Referring to Figure 14, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0148] The BWP can be set by Point A, an offset from Point A (NstartBWP), and a bandwidth (NsizeBWP). For example, Point A can be an outer reference point of a PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) are aligned. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and Point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0149] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0150] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0151] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0152] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0153] Referring to (a) of FIG. 15, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S1500, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0154] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0155] In step S1510, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S1520, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S1540, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0156] Referring to (b) of FIG. 15, in resource allocation mode 2, a terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by a base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S1510, a first terminal that has selected resources by itself within a resource pool can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to a second terminal using the resources. In step S1520, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0157] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 15, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH may be referred to as a 1st SCI, a 1st SCI, a 1st-stage SCI, or a 1st-stage SCI format, and an SCI transmitted on a PSSCH may be referred to as a 2nd SCI, a 2nd SCI, a 2nd-stage SCI, or a 2nd-stage SCI format.

[0158] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 15, in step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0159] Referring to (a) of FIG. 15, in step S1540, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0160] Meanwhile, the aforementioned sidelink can be defined as terminal-to-terminal communication or direct communication between terminals. In this case, the PSCCH can be defined as a physical control channel for terminal-to-terminal communication, the PSSCH as a physical data channel or physical shared channel for terminal-to-terminal communication, and the PSFCH as a physical feedback transmission channel between terminals.

[0161] Method for acquiring dynamics through simultaneous reception of hybrid V2X terminals

[0162] In relation to V2X, V2X technology (e.g., PC5, DSRC) based on direct communication (or short-range communication) and V2N technology based on the Uu interface (or long-range communication, cellular communication) of the network are being developed in a mixed manner. In particular, technology development is being discussed so that terminals can support both V2X services based on direct communication and V2N services based on the Uu interface. However, at the current stage, terminals support both services without interlinking between the two services. In other words, V2X messages and V2N messages are transmitted according to independent message operation techniques between the services in terminals that support both services. In this case, there is a problem that the receiving terminal cannot efficiently utilize messages for both services, and the consistency of service provision is also low.

[0163] Below, considering these issues, we describe in detail a method for linking the message operation methods of V2X technology, which performs direct communication between terminals (e.g., via the 5.9 GHz band), and V2N technology, which utilizes existing networks. In particular, we describe in detail a method for significantly increasing the utility of message operation in hybrid devices that support both technologies by linking the message operation methods of these two technologies.

[0164] Figures 16 and 17 are drawings for explaining the message operation method of a hybrid terminal.

[0165] Referring to FIG. 16, a hybrid terminal (502) can transmit a V2X message for providing a V2X service to a peripheral device (501) using a direct communication technology (PC5, DSRC). In addition, the hybrid terminal (502) can transmit a V2N message related to the V2X service to the peripheral device (501) through a V2N server (210) using a conventional cellular network. When the hybrid terminal (502) transmits the V2X message and the V2N message simultaneously and the peripheral device (501) is also a hybrid terminal, the peripheral device (501) receives both the V2X message and the V2N message including duplicated information (e.g., mobility information).

[0166] Referring to FIG. 17, the OBU (131) installed in a vehicle and the VRU (132) terminal installed in a vulnerable road user such as a pedestrian exchange V2X messages through direct communication (DSRC, or PC5) via the conventional 5.9 GHz band, and the RSU (120) located around the road can also transmit SPaT (Signal Phase And Timing) and map signals of traffic lights, etc., or collect information of the terminals such as PVD (Probe Vehicle Data) through short-range communication (320). In addition, the OBU (221) and the VRU (222) do not support direct communication, but can exchange messages through the V2N server (210) using the Uu interface (410). The Uu interface (410) may be a mobile communication network with a conventional base station.

[0167] The hybrid terminal (HUE; 500) is capable of direct communication or short-range communication, as well as exchanging V2N messages via a V2N server (210) using a Uu interface (e.g., a cellular mobile communication network).

[0168] Hereinafter, a technology that can ensure user safety by increasing the usability of messages that are transmitted and received redundantly between hybrid terminals having both a direct communication (or short-range communication) modem and a Uu interface (or long-range communication) modem is described in detail. Here, since the direct communication modem and the long-range communication modem each have different latencies, the difference (or average of the differences) between the transmission time and the reception time of a message may be different. Considering this, the transmitting terminal can adjust the transmission time timing of the V2X message or the V2N message so that the V2N message and the V2X message can be received simultaneously by the receiving terminal. In this case, the receiving terminal can receive / process the two messages within the same cycle, thereby reducing the burden caused by signal processing of the two messages. In addition, the receiving terminal can effectively calculate the change in the location of the transmitting terminal over a short period of time based on the difference in mobility information included in the two messages received simultaneously (or received within a predetermined time), thereby effectively obtaining dynamic information of the transmitting terminal. In this case, the receiving terminal can quickly obtain or generate the actual speed and acceleration of the transmitting terminal (i.e., additional information of the transmitting terminal) based on the change in position of the transmitting terminal within a short period of time, even if the two messages do not include information such as speed and acceleration.

[0169] Below, the configuration of a hybrid terminal capable of performing the above-described methods (transmission timing adjustment, method of generating / acquiring dynamic information, etc.) is described in detail.

[0170] Figure 18 is a block diagram briefly illustrating the configuration of a hybrid terminal, and Figure 19 is a drawing for explaining a method of transmitting and receiving messages between hybrid terminals.

[0171] Referring to FIG. 18, a hybrid terminal may include a cellular antenna capable of long-distance communication (or cellular communication) and a PC5 (or DSRC) antenna capable of direct communication via a 5.9 GHz band. A signal received through the cellular antenna may be processed through a Uu modem (521), and a signal received through the PC5 (or DSRC) antenna may be processed through a PC5 (or DSRC) modem (531). In addition, the hybrid terminal may process Network & Transport layer operations and Facility layer operations in a V2N stack (stack; 523) connected to the Uu modem (521) and a V2X stack (533) connected to the PC5 (or DSRC) modem (531).

[0172] In addition, the hybrid terminal may include a delay measuring device (511) that is connected to a Uu modem (521) and a PC5 modem (531) to measure the reception time of V2N messages and V2X messages to calculate a delay value, a hybrid terminal controller (513) that is connected to a V2N stack (523) and a 2X stack (533) to adjust the transmission timing of V2N messages and / or V2X messages, and a dynamic calculation block (515) that compares V2N messages and V2X messages to calculate a dynamic value.

[0173] A transmission hybrid terminal (hereinafter, “transmission terminal”) can periodically transmit V2X messages and V2N messages, respectively, using a Uu modem (521) and a PC5 modem (531). For example, the transmission terminal can periodically transmit V2X messages at a direct V2X rate and V2N messages at a V2N rate.

[0174] Specifically, referring to FIG. 19 (a), when there is no linkage between the Uu modem (521) and the PC5 modem (531), the transmitting terminal can independently generate / transmit each of the V2N message and the V2X message. In this case, the receiving hybrid terminal (hereinafter, the receiving terminal) can receive the V2N message after receiving the V2X message at regular time intervals. In this case, since the receiving terminal receives the V2X message and the V2N message separately from each other, the processing load of the message may increase. In addition, since the receiving terminal must receive the V2N message after receiving the V2X message at regular time intervals to be able to calculate the above-described dynamics, an unnecessary delay may occur in calculating information such as the speed / acceleration of the transmitting terminal, and it is difficult to process messages in batches. In other words, it may be difficult for the receiving terminal to effectively fuse and process the received V2N message and V2X message.

[0175] Therefore, in order to effectively integrate V2X messages and V2N messages while increasing the usability of V2X messages and V2N messages, the transmitting terminal needs to transmit V2N messages and V2X messages by linking the Uu modem (521) and the PC5 modem (531). In general, short-range communication (PC5-based direct communication) can have a shorter delay than long-range communication (Uu interface-based communication), and the transmitting terminal can control / adjust the transmission timing of V2N messages and / or V2X messages that are periodically transmitted by considering both the delay value of direct communication and the delay value of long-range communication.

[0176] Specifically, referring to FIG. 19 (b), the transmitting terminal can sequentially transmit the V2N message and the V2X message at an interval of the hybrid offset (or offset time). Here, the hybrid offset can be set / determined based on a reception delay difference value, which is the difference between the reception delay time of the V2X message at the receiving terminal and the reception delay time of the V2N message. For example, the transmitting terminal can set the hybrid offset by considering the delay times so that the V2N message can be received at the receiving terminal simultaneously or consecutively with the V2X message. As illustrated in FIG. 19 (b), the transmitting terminal can determine / set a hybrid offset by considering the delay values ​​so that the V2X message and the V2N message can be received simultaneously or consecutively at the receiving terminal. For example, the V2X message and the V2N message can be transmitted at a cycle of T1, and a delay of k can occur when the V2X message is received at the receiving terminal, and a delay of m (m>k) can occur when the V2N message is received. At this time, the hybrid offset may be determined as T1-(mk) so that the V2X message and the V2N message can be simultaneously received by the receiving terminal. Alternatively, the hybrid offset (x) may be determined based on T1-(mk)-a so that the V2X message and the V2N message can be sequentially received by the receiving terminal. For example, the hybrid offset (x) may be determined as any one of a value greater than T1-(mk)-a and a value less than T1-(mk). Here, a may be the transmission time length of the V2N message or the length of a transmission time resource. By setting the hybrid offset in this way, the receiving terminal can configure an efficient application that can simultaneously utilize the V2X message and the V2N message.

[0177] Below, a method for transmitting and receiving information about reception delay between a receiving terminal and a transmitting terminal so that two messages are received simultaneously or sequentially at the receiving terminal is described.

[0178] Figure 20 is a diagram for explaining a method in which a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal exchange information about reception delay.

[0179] A transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal can exchange information about and calculate a reception delay (or an average of reception delays) for simultaneous or continuous reception of two messages in the time domain at the receiving terminal.

[0180] Specifically, the receiving terminal can measure the reception time difference between V2X and V2N messages through the exchange of V2X and V2N messages. The receiving terminal can transmit information about the measured reception time difference to the transmitting terminal. The transmitting terminal can adjust the transmission time of the V2N message (or V2X message) so that the V2N message and the V2X message can be received simultaneously or sequentially at the receiving terminal based on the transmitted reception time difference.

[0181] At this time, there may be multiple receiving terminals (UE#2 to UE#N). In this case, each of the receiving terminals (UE#2 to UE#N) may receive the difference in reception times of the V2X messages and the V2N messages. can be calculated. The receiving terminals can transmit the calculated reception time difference to the transmitting terminal (UE#1). In this case, the transmitting terminal (UE#1) calculates the average value of the differences in the reception times (or the V2N transmission period (or, V2X transmission period (T) - average value) as in the following mathematical expression 1, which is a time offset value, which is a difference in transmission time between the V2X message and the V2N message. can be set / determined.

[0182]

[0183] Alternatively, the transmitting terminal (UE#1) may provide an additional time gap (as in Equation 2 below) so that the receiving terminals (UE#2 to UE#N) can effectively calculate the motion characteristics of the transmitting terminal. ) may be additionally added. Meanwhile, such additional time gap may be determined as a value within the range in which the V2X message and the V2N message are continuously received at the receiving terminals.

[0184]

[0185] In this way, the transmitting terminal can adjust the transmission time between the V2N message and the V2X message so that the receiving terminals can receive the V2X message and the V2N message simultaneously or consecutively.

[0186] Below, a method for calculating the dynamic characteristics of the transmitting terminal based on the V2X message and V2N message with adjusted transmission time is specifically described.

[0187] Figure 21 is a diagram for explaining a method for a receiving terminal to calculate the motion characteristics of a transmitting terminal.

[0188] The above receiving terminal can measure / calculate the motion characteristics of the transmitting terminal based on the mobility information included in each of the V2X message and V2N message received with a predetermined time difference.

[0189] Specifically, referring to FIG. 21, the receiving terminal can receive location information (or coordinate information) of the transmitting terminal through the V2X message and the V2N message. At this time, the two messages can be received by the receiving terminal simultaneously or sequentially by adjusting the transmission time as described above. The V2N message can be generated at t1 (and / or includes location information of the transmitting terminal at t1), and the V2X message can be generated at t2 (and / or includes location information of the transmitting terminal at t2). The receiving terminal can simultaneously or sequentially receive the V2N message generated / transmitted at t1 and the V2X message generated / transmitted at t2. Meanwhile, as described above, since the V2N message and the V2X message have different delays, t1 and t2 can be different times. Thereafter, the receiving terminal can receive the V2N message and the V2X message transmitted in the next cycle. The above V2N message may be generated and transmitted at t3, and the V2X message may be generated and transmitted at t4. In this case, the receiving terminal may simultaneously or sequentially receive the V2N message generated / transmitted at t3 and the V2X message generated / transmitted at t4. Here, the V2X message and the V2N message may include only the position value of the transmitting terminal, or may further include information on speed, acceleration information, and moving direction, as illustrated in FIG. 21. Hereinafter, a case in which at least one of the V2X message and the V2N message does not include at least one of the information on speed, acceleration information, and moving direction will be described.

[0190] When the receiving terminal receives two messages through both channels (short-range communication channel, long-range communication channel), the motion characteristics (dynamics) of the transmitting terminal can be calculated based on the mobility information included in the two messages. Here, the calculated motion characteristics can include (instantaneous) position change, velocity, acceleration (or velocity change), change in direction (heading) of the transmitting terminal, etc. The position change is the position value (of the transmitting terminal included in the V2N message of t3) ) and the location value of the transmitting terminal included in the V2X message of t4 ( ) can be calculated based on the difference value. Specifically, the position change ( ) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 3.

[0191]

[0192] The speed of the transmitting terminal (e.g., the speed of the transmitting terminal at t4; v t4 ) can be calculated as in the following mathematical expression 4 through comparison of the V2N message and V2X message generated at t3 and t4.

[0193]

[0194] Acceleration of the above transmitting terminal (e.g., acceleration of the transmitting terminal at t4; a t4 ) can be calculated as in the following mathematical expression 5 through comparison of the V2N message and V2X message generated at t3 and t4.

[0195]

[0196] The change in the direction of movement of the transmitting terminal can be calculated based on the direction of movement included in each of the V2N message and the V2X message. Referring to FIG. 21, the transmitting terminal can calculate the change (θ) in the direction (heading) in which the transmitting terminal moves between t1 and t2. t1,t2 ) is the movement direction information included in the above V2N message ( ) and the movement direction information included in the above V2X message ( ) can be obtained through the difference in the direction (heading) in which the transmitting terminal moves between t3 and t4 (θ t3,t4 ) is the movement direction information included in the above V2N message ( ) and the movement direction information included in the above V2X message ( ) can be obtained through the difference in time. In this way, the receiving terminal can easily calculate / obtain the movement characteristics of the transmitting terminal in a short period of time (e.g., the delay difference between the two messages) based on two simultaneously received messages.

[0197] Figure 22 is a drawing for explaining how a first terminal transmits a first message and a second message.

[0198] Referring to FIG. 22, a first terminal may periodically transmit a first message including first mobility information to a second terminal via a first link for direct communication between terminals (S221). As described above, the first link may be a link based on a PC5 interface capable of direct communication between terminals or a DSRC-based link. The first message may be a V2X message exchanged between terminals (or vehicles). Alternatively, the first message may be a message for a V2X service, such as a Basic Safety Message (BSM), a Common Awareness Message (CAM), a Collective Perception Message (CPM), a Personal Safety Message (PSM), or a Decentralized Environment Notification Message (DENM). The first mobility information may include at least one piece of information from among a moving speed, a position, an acceleration, and a moving direction of the first terminal at the time of generating the first message. For example, the first mobility information may be updated according to the time of generating the periodically generated first message. Here, the first terminal may be a hybrid terminal capable of transmitting not only V2X messages through the first link as described above, but also V2N messages through the second link, which is another communication modem or another communication system.

[0199] Next, the first terminal may periodically transmit a second message including second mobility information to the second terminal via a second link for communication with the network (S223). The second link may be a link for long-distance communication based on the Uu interface as described above, and may be a link based on a cellular mobile communication network connected to the network. The second message may be a V2N message that provides its mobility information to surrounding terminals or surrounding vehicles via the network. The second mobility information may include at least one piece of information from among the moving speed, position, acceleration, and moving direction of the first terminal at the time of generating the second message. For example, the second mobility information may be updated according to the generation time of the periodically generated second message. Alternatively, the cycle of the second message may be set to the same cycle as the cycle of the first message as a default cycle.

[0200] Next, the first terminal may receive information about the difference in reception times between the first message and the second message from the second terminal (S225). Specifically, the second terminal may calculate the difference in reception times between the first message and the second message, and report information about the calculated difference in reception times to the first terminal. Here, the difference in reception times may be the difference in reception times between the reception times of the second message received after the reception of the first message, based on the reception time of the first message. Here, even if the first message and the second message are received by the same second terminal, the first reception delay time, which is the delay until the first message is received by the second terminal, and the second reception delay time, which is the delay until the second message is received by the second terminal, may be different from each other. As described above, the first message is transmitted directly to the second terminal through a direct link between terminals, but the second message is transmitted to the second terminal through the network.

[0201] When the first terminal is reported with information about the reception time difference, the first terminal may adjust the transmission time of the second message that is periodically transmitted (e.g., the transmission time of the second message transmitted in the next cycle after the transmission of the second message used to calculate the reception time difference) so that the first message and the second message can be received simultaneously or consecutively in the time domain by the second terminal as described above. Here, the first message that is received continuously or simultaneously with the second message may be the first message that is received after the transmission of the second message (i.e., the first message transmitted in the next cycle after the first message used to calculate the reception time difference). For example, the first terminal may change / adjust the transmission time of the second message based on the reception time difference when the reception time difference exceeds a specific threshold value. Alternatively, the first terminal may not change / adjust the transmission time of the second message when the reception time difference does not exceed a specific threshold value. Here, the specific threshold value may be 0 as described above. Alternatively, the specific threshold value may correspond to a length of time resource required for the second message to be transmitted. Alternatively, information regarding the reception time difference may be received from the second terminal only when the reception time difference exceeds the specific threshold value.

[0202] When the first terminal adjusts the transmission time of the second message, the first terminal may determine an offset time based on the reception time difference, and adjust the transmission time of the second message, which is periodically transmitted, so that the transmission time of the first message and the transmission time of the second message have the offset time interval. Specifically, the first terminal may calculate a delay time difference, which is a reception delay time between the first message and the second message, based on the reception time difference. For example, the first terminal may calculate the delay time difference between the first message and the second message by subtracting a value obtained by subtracting a difference between the transmission time of the first message and the transmission time of the second message from the reception time difference. The first terminal may determine a value obtained by subtracting the calculated delay time difference from the transmission period of the second message as the offset time (if the time interval between the first message and the second message transmitted after the first message is the offset time). Alternatively, the first terminal may determine the delay time difference as the offset time (if the time interval between the first message and the second message transmitted after the second message is the offset time). Alternatively, as described above, the first terminal may determine whether to add a predetermined gap to the offset time based on the difference between the second mobility information included in the second message and the first mobility information included in the first message transmitted after transmission of the second message. For example, if the specific threshold is 0 and the difference between the first mobility information and the second mobility information is less than the specific difference value, the first terminal may additionally add a gap of a value corresponding to the length of the second message to the offset time. Here, the generation time of the second message may also be adjusted in response to the adjustment of the transmission time of the second message.That is, there is a difference between the generation time of the second message and the generation time of the first message by the offset time.

[0203] FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a method for a second terminal to receive a first message, which is a V2X message, and a second message, which is a V2N message.

[0204] Referring to FIG. 23, the second terminal may periodically receive a first message including first mobility information from the first terminal via a first link for direct communication between terminals (S231). Next, the second terminal may periodically receive a second message including second mobility information from the first terminal via a second link connected to a network (S233). The second terminal may additionally calculate instantaneous motion characteristics of the first terminal based on the difference between the first mobility information included in the first message and the second mobility information included in the second message. For example, the second terminal may calculate / obtain motion characteristics of the first terminal corresponding to the first mobility information and the second mobility information using the above-described mathematical equations 3 to 5.

[0205] Next, the second terminal can calculate the difference between the reception time of the first message and the reception time of the second message (e.g., the second message received after the reception of the first message) based on the first message (S235).

[0206] The second terminal may report information about the calculated reception time difference to the first terminal. Alternatively, the second terminal may perform a report about the reception time difference only when the reception time difference exceeds a specific threshold. Here, the report about the reception time difference may be reported to request an adjustment of the transmission time of the second message that the first terminal periodically transmits. For example, the second terminal may periodically receive the first message and the second message simultaneously or consecutively in the time domain through the report about the reception time difference. Alternatively, even if the reception time difference is less than a specific threshold, the second terminal may have difficulty in obtaining an appropriate instantaneous motion characteristic of the first terminal because the difference between the first mobility information and the second mobility information is less than a specific threshold difference. In this case, the second terminal may report information about the reception time difference to the first terminal even if the reception time difference is less than a specific threshold. At this time, the first terminal can adjust the transmission time of the second message by additionally adding a predetermined gap as described with reference to FIG. 22.

[0207] In this way, the proposed invention can ensure that the V2X message and the V2N message are received simultaneously or consecutively at the receiving terminal by adjusting the transmission time of the V2X message in consideration of the difference in reception delay between the V2X message and the V2N message. Alternatively, the proposed invention can ensure that the V2X message and the V2N message are received simultaneously or consecutively in the time domain at the receiving terminal, thereby minimizing the time resources required for the receiving terminal to receive the two messages and significantly reducing the decoding time of the two messages. Alternatively, the proposed invention can ensure that the receiving terminal calculates the instantaneous motion characteristics of the transmitting terminal based on the two messages by aligning the reception times between the V2X message and the V2N message.

[0208] Examples of communication systems to which the invention applies

[0209] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present invention disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0210] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0211] Figure 24 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0212] Referring to FIG. 24, a communication system (1) applied to the present invention includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices, and can be implemented in the form of HMD (Head-Mounted Device), HUD (Head-Up Display) installed in a vehicle, television, smartphone, computer, wearable device, home appliance, digital signage, vehicle, robot, etc. Mobile devices can include smartphone, smart pad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glass), computer (e.g., laptop, etc.), etc. Home appliances can include TV, refrigerator, washing machine, etc. IoT devices can include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) can act as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0213] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0214] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present invention.

[0215] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0216] Figure 25 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0217] Referring to FIG. 25, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 24.

[0218] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). In addition, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chipset designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chipset.

[0219] Specifically, the first wireless device or first terminal (100) may include a processor (102) and a memory (104) connected to a transceiver (106). The memory (104) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 16 to 23.

[0220] The processor (102) controls the transceiver (106) to periodically transmit a first message including first mobility information to a second terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals, and to periodically transmit a second message including second mobility information to the second terminal through a second link for communication with a network, and to receive information about a reception time difference between the first message and the second message from the second terminal. Here, the transmission time of the second message can be adjusted based on whether the reception time difference exceeds a specific value.

[0221] Alternatively, a processing device may be configured to control a first terminal including a processor (102) and a memory (104). The processing device may include at least one processor and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first terminal to: periodically transmit a first message including first mobility information to a second terminal via a first link for direct communication between terminals, periodically transmit a second message including second mobility information to the second terminal via a second link for communication with a network, and receive information about a reception time difference between the first message and the second message from the second terminal. Here, the transmission time of the second message may be adjusted based on whether the reception time difference exceeds a specific value.

[0222] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). Furthermore, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0223] Specifically, the second wireless device or second terminal (200) may include a processor (202) and a memory (204) connected to a transceiver (206). The memory (204) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 16 to 23.

[0224] For example, the processor (202) can control the transceiver (206) to periodically receive a first message including first mobility information from a first terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals, and to periodically receive a second message including second mobility information from the first terminal through a second link connected to a network, and to calculate a reception time difference between the first message and the second message. Here, the reception time difference can be reported to the first terminal to request adjustment of a transmission time of the second message.

[0225] Alternatively, a processing device may be configured to control a second terminal including a processor (202) and a memory (204). The processing device may include at least one processor and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second terminal to: periodically receive a first message including first mobility information from the first terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals, periodically receive a second message including second mobility information from the first terminal through a second link connected to a network, and calculate a reception time difference between the first message and the second message. Here, the reception time difference may be reported to the first terminal to request adjustment of a transmission time of the second message.

[0226] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0227] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0228] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0229] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0230] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0231] Figure 26 illustrates another example of a wireless device applicable to the present invention. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 24).

[0232] Referring to FIG. 26, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 25 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 26. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 25. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0233] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 24, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 24, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 24, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 24, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 24, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 24, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 24, 400), a base station (Fig. 24, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0234] In FIG. 26, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and a first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0235] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0236] Figure 27 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present invention. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, car, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc.

[0237] Referring to FIG. 27, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 26, respectively.

[0238] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0239] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0240] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0241] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present invention in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form an embodiment of the present invention by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be incorporated as a new claim through a post-application amendment.

[0242] In this document, embodiments of the present invention have been described primarily focusing on the signal transmission and reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission and reception relationship is equally / similarly extended to signal transmission and reception between a terminal and a relay or a base station and a relay. Certain operations described as being performed by a base station in this document may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. That is, it is obvious that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network composed of multiple network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and access point. In addition, the terminal may be replaced by terms such as UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station).

[0243] Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of hardware implementation, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0244] When implemented via firmware or software, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of modules, procedures, functions, etc. that perform the functions or operations described above. The software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located within or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor via various known means.

[0245] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present invention should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0246] The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. In a method for transmitting a message by a first terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of periodically transmitting a first message including first mobility information to a second terminal via a first link for direct communication between terminals; A step of periodically transmitting a second message including second mobility information to the second terminal via a second link for communication with the network; and A step of receiving information about a difference in reception time between the first message and the second message from the second terminal, A method in which the transmission time of the second message is adjusted based on whether the reception time difference exceeds a specific value.

2. In paragraph 1, A method characterized in that the transmission time of the second message is adjusted to have an offset time interval from the transmission time of the first message, and the offset time is determined based on the difference in the reception time.

3. In paragraph 2, A method characterized in that the first terminal calculates a difference value of a reception delay time between the first message and the second message based on the difference in reception times, and determines the offset time based on the calculated difference value.

4. In paragraph 3, A method characterized in that the offset time is determined by subtracting the difference value from the transmission period of the first message.

5. In paragraph 1, A method, characterized in that the specific value is 0.

6. In paragraph 1, A method, characterized in that the specific value is determined based on the time resource length of the second message.

7. In paragraph 1, A method characterized in that the information on the reception time difference is received based on the reception time difference exceeding the specific value.

8. A computer-readable recording medium recording a program for performing the method described in paragraph 1.

9. In a first terminal transmitting a message in a wireless communication system, RF (Radio Frequency) transmitter and receiver; and A processor connected to the RF transceiver, The processor controls the RF transceiver to periodically transmit a first message including first mobility information to a second terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals, and to periodically transmit a second message including second mobility information to the second terminal through a second link for communication with a network, and receives information about a reception time difference between the first message and the second message from the second terminal. A first terminal, wherein the transmission time of the second message is adjusted based on whether the reception time difference exceeds a specific value.

10. In a processing device that controls a first terminal that transmits a message in a wireless communication system, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first terminal causes: A first message including first mobility information is periodically transmitted to a second terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals, a second message including second mobility information is periodically transmitted to the second terminal through a second link for communication with a network, and information about a difference in reception time between the first message and the second message is received from the second terminal. A processing device wherein the transmission time of the second message is adjusted based on whether the reception time difference exceeds a specific value.

11. In a method for a second terminal to receive a message in a wireless communication system, A step of periodically receiving a first message including first mobility information from a first terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals; A step of periodically receiving a second message of the first terminal including second mobility information through a second link connected to a network; and Comprising a step of calculating a difference in reception time between the first message and the second message, A method in which the above reception time difference is reported to the first terminal to request adjustment of the transmission time of the second message.

12. In paragraph 11, A method characterized in that the second terminal calculates the motion characteristics (dynamics) of the first terminal based on the difference between the first mobility information and the second mobility information.

13. A computer-readable recording medium recording a program for performing the method described in Article 11.

14. In a second terminal receiving a message in a wireless communication system, RF(Radio Frequency) transmitter and receiver; A processor connected to the RF transceiver, The processor controls the RF transceiver to periodically receive a first message including first mobility information from a first terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals, and to periodically receive a second message including second mobility information from the first terminal through a second link connected to a network, and calculates a reception time difference between the first message and the second message. The second terminal, wherein the above reception time difference is reported to the first terminal to request adjustment of the transmission time of the second message.

15. In a processing device that controls a second terminal that receives a message in a wireless communication system, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second terminal causes: A first message including first mobility information is periodically received from a first terminal through a first link for direct communication between terminals, a second message including second mobility information is periodically received from the first terminal through a second link connected to a network, and a difference in reception time between the first message and the second message is calculated. A processing device in which the above reception time difference is reported to the first terminal to request adjustment of the transmission time of the second message.

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