Air conditioner

Abstract

An air conditioner according to the present invention comprises a housing (1) that forms an outer enclosure and heavy objects that are provided inside the housing and include at least a compressor (10). The housing has a corrugated bottom plate (2) that is formed from alternating ridge parts (2a) and valley parts (2b), a pair of support legs (3) that are provided at respective end parts of the bottom plate to which the ridge parts and the valley parts extend and support the respective end parts, and a reinforcing plate (8) that is provided to an upper surface of a portion of the bottom plate and carries the heavy objects.

Description

air conditioner

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an air conditioner, and more particularly to the structure of a bottom plate of a housing in which refrigerant circuit components such as a compressor are disposed.

[0002] In a conventional heat source unit constituting an air conditioner, refrigerant circuit components such as a compressor are provided within a housing (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In Patent Document 1, a corrugated bottom plate (bottom frame) with peaks and valleys is provided on the bottom surface of the housing where the refrigerant circuit components are arranged, and the bottom plate is suspended over a pair of mounting legs extending in the left-right direction. A pair of ends of the bottom plate are supported by the mounting legs.

[0003] In the heat source unit of Patent Document 1, in order to compensate for the lack of strength of the bottom plate during transportation and vibration, a skid is placed under the bottom plate, which is discarded after the heat source unit is installed, and a reinforcing member is added to the skid to increase the strength of the part of the bottom plate where heavy objects such as compressors are placed.

[0004] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-194227

[0005] However, in Patent Document 1, a reinforcing member is added to the skid to increase the strength of the portion of the bottom plate on which a heavy object is placed, which increases packaging costs and reinforcing costs.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide an air conditioner that reduces costs while improving the strength of the portion of the bottom plate of the housing where heavy objects are placed.

[0007] The air conditioner of the present disclosure comprises a housing that forms an outer shell, and a heavy object that is arranged inside the housing and includes at least a compressor, and the housing has a corrugated bottom plate with alternating peaks and valleys, a pair of support legs that are arranged at both ends of the bottom plate where the peaks and valleys extend and support the both ends, and a reinforcing plate that is provided on the upper surface of a portion of the bottom plate and on which the heavy object is placed.

[0008] According to the air conditioner of the present disclosure, a reinforcing plate is provided on the upper surface of the bottom plate at the position where the heavy object is placed, so there is no need to add a reinforcing member to the skid to increase the strength of the portion of the bottom plate where the heavy object is placed, thereby reducing costs. In other words, according to the air conditioner of the present disclosure, the strength of the portion of the bottom plate of the housing where the heavy object is placed can be improved while reducing costs.

[0009] 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an air conditioner according to embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a heat source unit according to embodiment 1. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of a lower part of a heat source unit according to embodiment 1. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the internal structure of a lower part of a heat source unit according to embodiment 1. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a bottom plate and a reinforcing plate in a state supported by support legs of a heat source unit according to embodiment 1. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a bottom plate of a heat source unit according to embodiment 1. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a reinforcing plate of a heat source unit according to embodiment 1. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state in which a heavy object is fixed to a heat source unit according to embodiment 1. FIG. 8 is a side view showing a state in which a heavy object is fixed to a heat source unit according to embodiment 1. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a support leg of a heat source unit according to embodiment 1. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a bottom plate and a reinforcing plate in a state in which they are supported by support legs of a heat source unit according to embodiment 2. FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a reinforcing plate of a heat source unit according to embodiment 2.

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described below. Also, the size relationships of the components in the drawings may differ from those in reality.

[0011] Embodiment 1. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 1. As shown in Figure 1, the air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 is configured by connecting a heat source unit 100 installed outdoors, such as on the roof of a building or near a building wall, to a utilization unit 200 installed indoors, such as in a living room or an attic space. The heat source unit 100 includes a heat exchanger 7 that exchanges heat between air and a refrigerant, a compressor 10 that compresses the refrigerant, an accumulator 11 that stores liquid refrigerant, a blower fan 12 that sends air to the heat exchanger 7, a flow path switching device 13 that switches the refrigerant flow path, and a throttle device 14 that decompresses and expands the refrigerant. The utilization unit 200 includes a utilization-side heat exchanger 201 that exchanges heat between air and the refrigerant, and a utilization-side blower fan 202 that sends air to the utilization-side heat exchanger 201. The heat source unit 100 and the utilization unit 200 are connected via a liquid refrigerant connection pipe 400 and a gas refrigerant connection pipe 500. The heat source unit 100 and the utilization unit 200 are connected via a liquid refrigerant communication pipe 400 and a gas refrigerant communication pipe 500 to form a refrigerant circuit 600 .

[0012] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of the lower part of the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the internal structure of the lower part of the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the bottom plate 2 and the reinforcing plate 8 in a state supported by the support legs 3 of the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the bottom plate 2 of the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the reinforcing plate 8 of the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the state in which a heavy object is fixed to the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 9 is a side view showing the state in which a heavy object is fixed to the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the support legs 3 of the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment.

[0013] 2 , the heat source unit 100 according to the first embodiment includes a substantially rectangular parallelepiped housing 1 that forms the outer shell, a heat exchanger 7 that is provided along the outer surface of the housing 1, and a blower fan 12 that is provided at the top inside the housing 1. Furthermore, the housing 1 includes a bottom plate 2 that forms the bottom surface, a pair of support legs 3 that support the bottom plate 2, four frame members 4 that extend upward from the corners of the bottom plate 2, a front panel 5 that covers the front opening, and a fan casing 6 that is provided around the blower fan 12.

[0014] The housing 1 has air intake ports 1a for taking air into the interior formed on the left and right side surfaces and the back of the outer periphery, which are defined by the four frame members 4 at the four corners, and a heat exchanger 7 is disposed along the air intake ports 1a. The heat exchanger 7 exchanges heat between the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger 7 and the air passing through the heat exchanger 7. The heat exchanger 7 functions as a condenser during cooling operation, condensing and liquefying the refrigerant. On the other hand, the heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, evaporating and vaporizing the refrigerant.

[0015] The housing 1 has four frame members 4 at the four corners, and two decorative front panels 5, which are metal sheets, are attached to the top and bottom of the outer periphery of the front side of the housing 1. The front of the housing 1 is closed by the front panels 5. The left and right side edges of the front panels 5 are fixed to the frame members 4 with fastening members such as screws.

[0016] 3 and 4 , internal components that constitute a refrigerant circuit 600, such as a compressor 10 and an accumulator 11, are installed in the lower interior of the housing 1. By removing the front panel 5 from the housing 1 to open the interior of the heat source unit 100, maintenance of the internal components, such as the compressor 10 and the accumulator 11, becomes possible. A reinforcing plate 8 is provided on a portion of the upper surface of the bottom plate 2, and a support member 9a that supports the compressor 10 and a support member 9b that supports the accumulator 11 are provided on a portion of the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 8.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 2 , an air outlet 1b is formed on the top surface of the housing 1, and a blower fan 12 is disposed within the housing 1 directly below the air outlet 1b. The blower fan 12 is, for example, a propeller fan or the like, and is driven by a motor (not shown). When the blower fan 12 is driven, air is drawn into the housing 1 through the air inlet 1a, passes through the heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat with the refrigerant, and is then discharged from the air outlet 1b via the blower fan 12. The blower fan 12 is surrounded by a fan casing 6 attached to the housing 1. The fan casing 6 is disposed above the front panel 5 and the heat exchanger 7 on the outer periphery defined by the four frame members 4 at the four corners, and surrounds the blower fan 12.

[0018] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , the bottom plate 2 has a substantially rectangular shape and forms the bottom surface of the housing 1. The bottom plate 2 is made of, for example, a ZAM ore plate, and is painted on one side with paint to prevent rust and improve design. The bottom plate 2, with its peaks 2a and valleys 2b extending from both ends, is supported by a pair of support legs 3, and is installed at a predetermined height above the installation surface of the heat source unit 100. The bottom surface of the bottom plate 2 is curved to form an angular wave shape in which the peaks 2a and valleys 2b are alternately connected. The peaks 2a and valleys 2b are each flat and formed to be substantially parallel. The peaks 2a and valleys 2b are connected by a connecting surface 2c. The connecting surface 2c may be perpendicular to the peaks 2a and valleys 2b or may be inclined. In other words, the cross-sectional shape of the bottom surface of the bottom plate 2 may be rectangular, trapezoidal, or other shapes. The bottom plate 2 has a corrugated bottom surface, which increases the rigidity when a bending moment is applied in the surface direction, thereby increasing the strength.

[0019] Furthermore, drainage holes 20 are formed in the peaks 2a and valleys 2b to discharge to the outside drainage water that is generated in the heat exchanger 7 and flows onto the bottom surface of the bottom plate 2. The drainage holes 20 are formed in an appropriate number and at appropriate positions, taking into consideration the strength of the bottom plate 2 and the drainage performance of the drainage water. Note that the positions and number of the drainage holes 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure, and may be changed as appropriate depending on the installation location of the heat source unit 100 or the shape and size of the bottom plate 2, etc.

[0020] The bottom plate 2 has valley portions 2b at both ends in the direction (X direction) in which the peak portions 2a and valley portions 2b are alternately arranged. The valley portions 2b at both ends have flange portions 22 bent upward along both edges to which the valley portions 2b extend.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 7 , the reinforcing plate 8 has a generally rectangular shape and is provided on a portion of the upper surface of the bottom plate 2 to partially reinforce the bottom plate 2. The reinforcing plate 8 is made of, for example, an alloy plate, and is coated on both sides with paint to prevent rust and improve design. The compressor 10 and accumulator 11 are placed on the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 8. The reinforcing plate 8 also serves to reduce leakage of the operating noise of the compressor 10 to the outside. Hereinafter, the compressor 10 and accumulator 11 are particularly heavy components among the internal components. Hereinafter, the compressor 10 and accumulator 11 will also be referred to as heavy objects. The portions of the bottom plate 2 on which the heavy objects are placed are subject to the greatest load and are prone to deformation due to insufficient strength, especially during transportation and vibration. Therefore, in the past, to compensate for the lack of strength of the bottom plate during transportation and vibration, a skid that is discarded after the heat source unit is installed is placed under the bottom plate, and a reinforcing member is added to the skid to strengthen the portion of the bottom plate where the heavy object is placed. However, in the first embodiment, the strength can be increased by providing a reinforcing plate 8 on the upper surface of the bottom plate 2 where the heavy object is placed, eliminating the need to add a reinforcing member to the skid used during transportation and vibration to strengthen the portion of the bottom plate where the heavy object is placed, thereby reducing packaging and reinforcement costs. Furthermore, the reinforcing plate 8 is formed with drainage holes 80 for draining water generated in the heat exchanger 7 and flowing to the bottom surface of the reinforcing plate 8 to the outside. The drainage holes 80 are formed in appropriate positions and in an appropriate number, taking into account the strength of the reinforcing plate 8 and the drainage performance of the drainage water. Note that the positions and number of the drainage holes 80 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure and can be changed as appropriate depending on the installation location of the heat source unit 100, the shape and size of the reinforcing plate 8, etc.

[0022] Furthermore, the drain holes 20 in the bottom plate 2 and the drain holes 80 in the reinforcing plate 8 do not overlap in the vertical direction (Y direction), but are positioned at positions offset in the horizontal direction. This allows a pressure loss to be created in the air drawn into the housing 1 when the heat source unit 100 is in operation, thereby preventing performance degradation.

[0023] As shown in Fig. 6 , the bottom plate 2 is formed with a first through hole 24 and a second through hole 25. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 7 , the reinforcing plate 8 is formed with a first through hole 84 and a second through hole 85. As shown in Fig. 5 , the first through hole 24 of the bottom plate 2 and the first through hole 84 of the reinforcing plate 8 are formed in positions that overlap in the vertical direction (Y direction). Similarly, the second through hole 25 of the bottom plate 2 and the second through hole 85 of the reinforcing plate 8 are formed in positions that overlap in the vertical direction (Y direction). Joining members such as screws are passed through the first through holes 24, 84, joining the bottom plate 2 and the reinforcing plate 8 with the joining member.

[0024] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the support member 9a is provided on the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 8 to support the compressor 10. A plurality of support members 9b (three in the first embodiment) are provided on the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 8 to support the accumulator 11. The support member 9a has a plurality of second through holes 95a (four in the first embodiment). As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , the support member 9b has a rectangular base 91 disposed on the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 8, a rising portion 92 rising upward from one end edge of the base 91 along the longitudinal direction (Z direction), and a plurality of second through holes 95b (two in the first embodiment) formed in the base 91. The base 91 and the rising portion 92 form a substantially L-shaped vertical cross section of the support member 9b.

[0025] The second through-hole 95a of the support member 9a is formed at a position overlapping in the vertical direction (Y direction) with the second through-hole 25 of the bottom plate 2 and the second through-hole 85 of the reinforcing plate 8. Joining members such as screws are passed through the second through-holes 25, 85, and 95a, and the support member 9a is fastened together with the bottom plate 2 and the reinforcing plate 8 by the joining member 40. Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , the second through-hole 95b of the support member 9b is formed at a position overlapping in the vertical direction (Y direction) with the second through-hole 25 of the bottom plate 2 and the second through-hole 85 of the reinforcing plate 8. Joining members 40 such as screws are passed through the second through-holes 25, 85, and 95b, and the support member 9b is fastened together with the bottom plate 2 and the reinforcing plate 8 by the joining member 40. In this way, by fastening the support members 9a and 9b together with the bottom plate 2 and the reinforcing plate 8 by the joining member 40, the fixing strength of the heavy object can be improved. In the following description, the second through-holes 25, 85, 95b will also be referred to as through-holes.

[0026] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the pair of support legs 3 are disposed below the bottom plate 2 to support the bottom plate 2. The support legs 3 are made of, for example, an alloy plate, and are coated on both sides with paint to prevent rust and improve design. The support legs 3 are formed by bending a steel plate and are configured to extend along the direction in which the peaks 2a and valleys 2b alternate (X direction). As shown in Figure 10, the support legs 3 have a planar installation portion 30 that is installed on the installation surface of the heat source unit 100, a rising portion 31 that rises upward from one end edge of the installation portion 30 along the longitudinal direction (X direction), a support portion 32 that is bent horizontally (Z direction) from the upper end edge of the rising portion 31 along the longitudinal direction (X direction), and a wall portion 33 that rises upward from the tip edge of the support portion 32 along the longitudinal direction (X direction). The support leg 3 has a substantially C-shaped vertical cross section formed by a mounting portion 30, a rising portion 31, and a support portion 32.

[0027] In the above, the horizontal direction is a concept that includes approximately horizontal and does not necessarily have to be strictly horizontal. Similarly, the vertical direction is a concept that includes approximately vertical and does not necessarily have to be strictly vertical.

[0028] The end portions of the bottom plate 2, from which the peak portions 2a and valley portions 2b extend, are placed on the support portion 32. The lower surfaces of the valley portions 2b of the bottom plate 2 abut against the upper surface of the support portion 32. The bottom plate 2 and the support portion 32 are formed with a positioning mechanism that positions the bottom plate 2 and the support portion 32 when the bottom plate 2 is placed on the support portion 32. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 10 , the positioning mechanism has first embossments 21 formed on both ends of the valley portions 2b to be placed on the support legs 3, and second embossments 34 formed on the support portion 32. The first embossments 21 are formed so as to protrude upward from the upper surface of the valley portions 2b. A plurality of first embossments 21 are formed at intervals along the direction in which the waveforms are continuous. The second embossments 34 are formed so as to protrude upward from the upper surface of the support portion 32. A plurality of second embossments 34 are formed along the longitudinal direction of the support portion 32. The first embossments 21 and the second embossments 34 fit together when the bottom plate 2 is placed on the support portion 32. The first embossments 21 and the second embossments 34 are joined together with a joining member such as a screw from the underside of the bottom plate 2 while they are fitted together. The head of the joining member is housed inside the recess of the second embossment 34. The heat source unit 100 has a positioning mechanism, which makes it easy to install the bottom plate 2 in a predetermined position. The positions and numbers of the first embossments 21 and the second embossments 34 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure, and can be changed as appropriate depending on the installation location of the heat source unit 100 or the shape and size of the bottom plate 2, etc.

[0029] The wall portion 33 is formed so that its wall surface faces the end of the bottom plate 2 placed on the support portion 32. A connecting portion 33a between the wall portion 33 and the support portion 32 is formed with a bend R by bending. As shown in Fig. 5, the wall portion 33 is formed so as to be approximately the same height as the flange portion 22, and together with the flange portion 22, surrounds the periphery of the bottom surface.

[0030] As described above, the air conditioner according to embodiment 1 comprises a housing 1 that forms the outer shell, and a heavy object that is arranged inside the housing 1 and includes at least a compressor 10. The housing 1 has a wave-shaped bottom plate 2 with alternating peaks 2a and valleys 2b, a pair of support legs 3 that are arranged at both ends of the bottom plate 2 where the peaks 2a and valleys 2b extend and support both ends, and a reinforcing plate 8 that is provided on the upper surface of a part of the bottom plate 2 and on which the heavy object is placed.

[0031] According to the air conditioner of embodiment 1, the reinforcing plate 8 is provided on the upper surface of the bottom plate 2 at the position where the heavy object is placed, so there is no need to add a reinforcing member to the skid to increase the strength of the portion of the bottom plate 2 where the heavy object is placed, thereby reducing costs. In other words, according to the air conditioner of embodiment 1, the strength of the portion of the bottom plate 2 of the housing 1 where the heavy object is placed can be improved while reducing costs.

[0032] In addition, in the air conditioner of embodiment 1, drainage holes 20, 80 for draining water to the outside are formed in the bottom plate 2 and the reinforcing plate 8, respectively, and the drainage hole 20 in the bottom plate 2 and the drainage hole 80 in the reinforcing plate 8 do not overlap vertically but are formed at positions offset horizontally.

[0033] In the air conditioner of embodiment 1, the drainage holes 20 in the bottom plate 2 and the drainage holes 80 in the reinforcing plate 8 do not overlap vertically, but are formed at positions offset horizontally, thereby creating a pressure loss in the air drawn into the housing 1 during operation and suppressing performance degradation.

[0034] In addition, the air conditioner of embodiment 1 is equipped with support members 9a and 9b for supporting heavy objects, and the bottom plate 2, reinforcing plate 8, and support members 9a and 9b each have a through hole, and joining members 40 are passed through the through holes of the bottom plate 2, the through holes of the reinforcing plate 8, and the through holes of the support members 9a and 9b, and the support members 9a and 9b are fastened together with the bottom plate 2 and reinforcing plate 8 by the joining members 40.

[0035] According to the air conditioner of the first embodiment, the support members 9a, 9b are fastened together with the bottom plate 2 and the reinforcing plate 8 by the joining members 40, thereby improving the fixing strength of the heavy object.

[0036] Second Embodiment A second embodiment will be described below, but explanations of parts that overlap with those of the first embodiment will be omitted, and parts that are the same as or equivalent to those of the first embodiment will be given the same reference numerals.

[0037] Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the bottom plate 2 and the reinforcing plate 8 in a state supported by the support legs 3 of the heat source unit 100 according to embodiment 2. Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing the reinforcing plate 8 of the heat source unit 100 according to embodiment 2.

[0038] As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the reinforcing plate 8 has wall portions 87 that rise upward from each of the four sides. By providing the wall portions 87 in this way, the bending rigidity of the reinforcing plate 8 can be improved. Note that in the second embodiment, the wall portion 87 is provided on each of the four sides of the reinforcing plate 8, but this is not limitative. If it is not necessary to improve the bending rigidity of the reinforcing plate 8 as a whole, it is sufficient to provide a wall portion 87 on at least one of the four sides of the reinforcing plate 8. In this way, the bending rigidity of only the portion of the reinforcing plate 8 near the side on which the wall portion 87 is provided can be improved.

[0039] As described above, in the air conditioner according to the second embodiment, the reinforcing plate 8 has a wall portion 87 that is provided on at least one side and rises upward.

[0040] According to the air conditioner of the second embodiment, the reinforcing plate 8 is provided with the wall portion 87, and therefore the bending rigidity of the reinforcing plate 8 can be improved.

[0041] In addition, in the air conditioners of embodiments 1 and 2, the heat source unit 100 and the utilization unit 200 are configured as separate entities, but this is not limited to this, and the heat source unit 100 and the utilization unit 200 may be configured as an integrated unit, that is, the components of the utilization unit 200 may be provided in the housing 1 of the heat source unit 100.

[0042] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Housing, 1a Air intake port, 1b Air outlet, 2 Bottom plate, 2a Peak portion, 2b Valley portion, 2c Connecting surface portion, 3 Support leg, 4 Frame material, 5 Front panel, 6 Fan casing, 7 Heat exchanger, 8 Reinforcing plate, 9a Support member, 9b Support member, 10 Compressor, 11 Accumulator, 12 Blower fan, 13 Flow path switching device, 14 Throttle device, 20 Drain hole, 21 First embossment, 22 Flange portion, 24 First through hole, 25 Second through hole, 30 Installation portion, 31 Rising portion, 32 Support portion, 33 Wall portion, 33a Connection portion, 34 Second embossment, 40 Joint member, 80 Drain hole, 84 First through hole, 85 Second through hole, 87 Wall portion, 91 Base portion, 92 Rising portion, 95a Second through hole, 95b Second through hole, 100 Heat source unit, 200 Utilization unit, 201 Utilization side heat exchanger, 202 Utilization side blower fan, 400 Liquid refrigerant communication pipe, 500 Gas refrigerant communication pipe, 600 Refrigerant circuit.

Claims

1. An air conditioner comprising: a housing forming an outer shell; and a heavy object including at least a compressor, which is arranged inside the housing, wherein the housing has: a corrugated bottom plate having alternating peaks and valleys; a pair of support legs which are arranged at both ends of the bottom plate where the peaks and valleys extend and support the both ends; and a reinforcing plate which is provided on an upper surface of a portion of the bottom plate and on which the heavy object is placed.

2. An air conditioner as described in claim 1, wherein the bottom plate and the reinforcing plate are each formed with a drainage hole for draining water to the outside, and the drainage holes in the bottom plate and the drainage holes in the reinforcing plate are not overlapped in the vertical direction but are formed at positions offset in the horizontal direction.

3. An air conditioner as described in claim 1 or 2, further comprising a support member for supporting the heavy object, wherein the bottom plate, the reinforcing plate and the support member each have a through hole, and a joining member is passed through the through hole of the bottom plate, the through hole of the reinforcing plate and the through hole of the support member, and the support member is fastened together with the bottom plate and the reinforcing plate by the joining member.

4. An air conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reinforcing plate has a wall portion provided on at least one side and rising upward.

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