Tamper-proof fastener adapter

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a tamper-proof fastener adapter for a fastener. The fastener adapter is usable with a conventional fastener in order to convert the conventional fastener into a tamper-proof or tamper-resistant fastener. The converted fastener may be operably engaged by a specifically-configured access tool to impart rotational force to a head of the fastener.

Description

TAMPER-PROOF FASTENER ADAPTERBACKGROUND

[0001] Fasteners are typically used to secure a first object to a second, separate object. For example, fasteners may secure two pieces of wood together, an object to a wall, and different sections of an engine together. Examples of fasteners include bolts, screws, nails, and rivets. Often, these fasteners may be removed as quickly and easily as they were installed. Accordingly, fasteners are typically prone to unintended removal, such as in the case of tampering and / or theft of the object(s) to which or in connection with which the fastener is engaged. To prevent this, typical tamper-proof fasteners have been created and frequently require a special type of fastener that are cooperative only with a specialized tool. These specialized fastening systems can be expensive and are different in shape, design, and / or operation from conventional bolts and screws. For example, common tamper-resistant fasteners often utilize a unique fastener head design that is only operatively engageable with a specifically-designed tool. Users of such tamper-resistant fasteners must therefore purchase both the specialized tool and the uniquely-shaped fasteners, which can become quite costly. Thus, it would be beneficial to utilize a fastener adapter that is capable of being used with conventional fasteners to adapt conventional fasteners to become tamper-proof and / or tamperresistant.SUMMARY

[0002] According to one aspect, a tamper-proof fastener adapter for a fastener including a fastener head and a fastener body includes (1) a sleeve including: a sleeve bore with a sleeve bore width greater than a diameter of the fastener body and sufficient to pass the fastener body through the sleeve bore; a fastener abutment surface, wherein the fastener abutment surface is contactable with the fastener head; and a cover abutment surface, and (2) a cover including: a cover bore with a cover bore width greater than the diameter of the fastener body and sufficient to pass the fastener body through the cover bore; a sleeve abutment surface, wherein the sleeve abutment surface is contactable with the cover abutment surface; a wall defining a receptacle having a width dimension greater than a diameter of an imaginary circle circumscribing the fastener head; and one or more protrusions extending into the receptacle from the wall.

[0003] According to another aspect, a tamper-proof fastening system includes (1) a fastener including: a fastener head; and a fastener body including a threaded portion, (2) a sleeve including: a sleeve bore with a sleeve bore width greater than a diameter of the fastener body for receiving the fastener body therethrough; a fastener abutment surface contactable with the fastener head; and a cover abutment surface, and (3) a cover including: a cover bore with a cover bore width greater than the diameter of the fastener body for receiving the fastener body therethrough; a sleeve abutment surface, wherein the sleeve abutment surface is contactable with the cover abutment surface; an inner surface defining a receptacle having a receptacle diameter that is greater than a diameter of an imaginary circle circumscribing the fastener head; and one or more protrusions extending inwardly from the inner surface toward the fastener head when the fastener head is disposed in the receptacle.

[0004] According to another aspect, a tamper-proof fastener adapter kit for a fastener including a fastener head and a fastener body includes (1) a sleeve including: a sleeve bore with a sleeve bore width greater than a diameter of the fastener body for receiving the fastener body therethrough; a fastener abutment surface, wherein the fastener abutment surface is contactable with the fastener head; and a cover abutment surface, (2) a cover including: a cover bore with a cover bore width greater than the diameter of the fastener body for receiving the fastener body therethrough; a sleeve abutment surface, wherein the sleeve abutment surface is contactable with the cover abutment surface; an inner surface with an inner surface width a wall defining a receptacle having a width dimension that is greater than a diameter of an imaginary circle circumscribing the fastener head; and one or more protrusions extending into the receptacle from the wall, and (3) an access tool including: an engagement body specifically arranged to operably engage the fastener head and being capable of transferring rotational force to the fastener head; and one or more recessions sufficient to engage the one or more protrusions when the engagement body operably engages the fastener head.

[0005] According to another aspect, a fastener security apparatus for use with a fastener having a shaft and a fastener head adjacent a first end of the shaft, the fastener head being configured for operable engagement with a conventional tool, includes (1) a cover having a base with a cover bore, and a wall extending from the base around at least a portion of the cover bore, wherein the cover bore is configured to receive the shaft of the fastener, and the wall is configured to prevent operable engagement between the fastener head and the conventional tool when the shaft is fully received in the cover bore; and (2) a sleeve interposable between the fastener and the cover for permitting relative rotation between the fastener and the cover.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0006] This written disclosure describes illustrative embodiments that are non-limiting and non-exhaustive. Reference is made to illustrative embodiments that are depicted in the figures, in which:

[0007] FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of a tamper-proof fastener system 100, according to some embodiments.

[0008] FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of a fastener 120, according to some embodiments.

[0009] FIG. 2B illustrates a perspective view of a fastener 120, according to some embodiments.

[0010] FIG. 2C illustrates a top view of fastener head 222, according to some embodiments.

[0011] FIG. 3A illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments.

[0012] FIG. 3B illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments.

[0013] FIG. 3C illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments.

[0014] FIG. 3D illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments.

[0015] FIG. 3E illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments.

[0016] FIG. 4A illustrates a top view of an example fastener head 222, according to some embodiments.

[0017] FIG. 4B illustrates a top view of an example fastener head 222, according to some embodiments.

[0018] FIG. 4C illustrates a top view of an example fastener head 222, according to some embodiments.

[0019] FIG. 4D illustrates a top view of an example fastener head 222, according to some embodiments.

[0020] FIG. 4E illustrates a perspective view of a fastening component 400, according to some embodiments.

[0021] FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of sleeve 140, according to some embodiments.

[0022] FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective view of sleeve 140, according to some embodiments.

[0023] FIG. 5C illustrates a top view of sleeve 140, according to some embodiments.

[0024] FIG. 5D illustrates a top view of sleeve 140, according to some embodiments.

[0025] FIG. 5E illustrates a perspective view of sleeve 550, according to some embodiments.

[0026] FIG. 5F illustrates a perspective view of sleeve 550, according to some embodiments.

[0027] FIG. 6A illustrates a perspective view of cover 160, according to some embodiments.

[0028] FIG. 6B illustrates a perspective view of cover 160, according to some embodiments.

[0029] FIG. 6C illustrates a perspective view of cover 160, according to some embodiments.

[0030] FIG. 6D illustrates a top view of cover 160, according to some embodiments.

[0031] FIG. 6E illustrates a top view of cover 160, according to some embodiments.

[0032] FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of examples of cover 160, according to some embodiments.

[0033] FIG. 8A illustrates a perspective view of access tool 180, according to some embodiments.

[0034] FIG. 8B illustrates a perspective view of access tool 180, according to some embodiments.

[0035] FIG. 9 illustrates a method 900 of installing a fastener, according to some embodiments.

[0036] FIG. 10A illustrates a perspective view of fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments.

[0037] FIG. 10B illustrates a perspective view of fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments.

[0038] FIG. 10C illustrates a perspective view of fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments.

[0039] FIG. 11A illustrates an exploded view of the fastener 120 and the fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments.

[0040] FIG. 11B illustrates a perspective view of an interaction between the fastener 120 and the fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments.

[0041] FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of an interaction between the fastener 120, the cover 160, and the access tool 180, according to some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a novel fastener adapter for preventing and / or resisting unintended removal of a fastener. For example, this fastener adapter may prevent theft of one or more objects secured by the fastener. While typical tamper-proof fastener systems require a special type of fastener, the fastener adapter of the present disclosure adapts conventional fasteners to prevent and / or resist tampering of numerous types of readily available fasteners. Further, the fastener adapter of the present disclosure is cheaper to manufacture compared to specialized fasteners. Importantly, this fastener adapter can be used in conjunction with a conventional fastener and may prevent turning, unlocking, and removal of the fastener from a surface. For the purposes hereof, the terms “tamper” and “tampering” mean the unintended removal of a fastener, and the terms “tamper-proof’ and “tamperresistant” mean a property or feature that inhibits removal of the fastener. Although a tamperproof fastener is intended to render the fastener difficult or impossible to remove, it is to be understood that a tamper-proof fastener or tamper-proof fastener adapter may not completely prevent the removability of the associated fastener.

[0043] FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of a tamper-proof fastener system 100, according to some embodiments. Tamper-proof fastener system 100 includes a fastener 120, fastener adapter 130, and may further include access tool 180. Fastener 120 illustrates nonlimiting examples of conventional fasteners. In one example, conventional fasteners useful in system 100 include head portions with polygonal sides sufficient for engagement with a conventional tool like a wrench or socket of a wrench. In another example, a conventional fastener 120 may include a head with a flat, concave, or convex top surface and two or more flat sides. This top surface may be free of any recessions, so that a conventional tool like awrench or wrench socket may operably engage with only the flat sides of the head portion. A conventional tool may be capable of operable engagement with fastener 120. For example, the conventional tool may be sufficient to rotate fastener 120 to secure or remove fastener 120. Examples of conventional tools include sockets, wrenches, drivers, screwdrivers, hex sockets, and pliers. Conventional tools may include hand tools and power tools. For example, if fastener 120 includes a hexagonal head, the conventional tool may include a hex socket and / or a wrench.

[0044] Fastener adapter 130 includes sleeve 140 and cover 160. Fastener adapter 130 can provide tamper-proof and / or tamper-resistant functionality to fastener 120. For example, tampering may include unlocking, unscrewing, unbolting, removing, breaking, stealing, and / or altering. Importantly, when a fastener such as fastener 120 is secured to a surface, cover 160 may further resist tampering by being capable of rotating with respect to one or more of the fastener 120 and the sleeve 140. Additionally, fastener adapter 130 may be scaled in size to accommodate various fastener 120 sizes, shapes, and diameters. In one example, fastener adapter 130 is not a permanently attached fixture and may be removed with access tool 180. Compared to a permanently attached apparatus, the fastener adapter 130 does not require breaking / destroying any portion of the fastener adapter 130 for removing the fastener 120.

[0045] Fastener 120 may include a bolt. The bolt may include a bolt body and a bolt head. A bolt body may include one or more of a shank portion and a threaded portion. In one example, the shank portion is an unthreaded portion of the bolt. For example, the shank portion may be in contact with the bolt head and the threaded portion. In another example, the shank portion is more efficient at distributing stress compared to the threaded portion. The threaded portion is a ridged portion of the bolt shaft. For example, the thread may be a continuous helical ridge on the outside of the bolt shaft. The bolt may have a fully threaded shaft or a partially threaded shaft. This threaded shaft may be sufficient to accommodate a nut or to be inserted into a threaded bore.

[0046] Fastener 120 may include a screw. The screw may include a screw body and a screw head. A screw body may include one or more of a shank portion and a threaded portion. In one example, the shank portion is an unthreaded portion of the screw. For example, the shank portion may be in contact with the screw head and the threaded portion. In another example, the shank portion is more efficient at distributing stress compared to the threaded portion. The threaded portion is a ridged portion of the screw shaft. For example, the thread may be a continuous helical ridge on the outside of the screw shaft. The screw may have a fully threadedshaft or a partially threaded shaft. This screw may be sufficient for securing an object without the need for a nut or threaded bore.

[0047] Fastener 120 may be made from various materials. In one example, fastener 120 includes one or more of alloy steel, copper, titanium, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and silicon bronze. In another example, fastener 120 may include a coating material, such as zinc, galvanized coatings, ceramic coatings, and chrome. Depending on the application, a stainless steel fastener or a coated fastener may be utilized to prevent or reduce rusting. Additionally, certain materials may be preferred if the application requires additional strength. Fasteners may be a rigid mechanical tool utilized to securely and rigidly connect two or more surfaces and / or objects together. As such, fasteners may be utilized to secure an object to a surface such as a wall, ceiling, and / or flooring. Non limiting examples of surface materials may include wood, concrete, dry wall, plastic, and metal.

[0048] Importantly, fastener adapter 130 allows for a broad range of conventional fasteners to be utilized as fastener 120. In one example, fastener 120 includes a bolt, nut, screw, nail, rivet, stud, grommet, and / or washer. In another example, bolts may include anchor bolts, carriage bolts, eye bolts, hanger bolts, hex bolts, square head bolts, U-bolts, lag bolts, and the like. Bolts may be used in conjunction with nuts. For example, nuts may include hex nuts, square nuts, wing nuts, flange nuts, anchor nuts, locking nuts, and the like. In yet another example, a screw may include wood screws, machine screws, dry wall screws, masonry screws, sheet metal screws, set screws, self-drilling screws, and the like. By adapting a conventional fastener, such as fastener 120, to become tamper-proof and / or tamper-resistant, the fastener adapter 130 is capable of being used in conjunction with conventional fasteners as a cost- effective alternative to tamper-resistant fastener systems that employ specialized fastener designs.

[0049] FIG. 2 A illustrates a perspective view of fastener 120, generally, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2A, fastener 120 may include head 222 including head top 224 and flat 226, and fastener body 228. FIG. 2B illustrates a perspective view of a fastener 120, generally, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2B, fastener 120 may include head 222 including flat 226 and head bottom 230, fastener body 228, body end 232, fastener body diameter / width 250, and head height 255. In one example, head 222 is in contact and adjacent with fastener body 228. Fastener body 228 may be in contact with the head bottom 230 surface sufficient for a one-piece construction. Flat 226 may enable a tool to apply torque to fastener 120 sufficient to turn, install, remove, and / or secure fastener 120 to a separate object,surface, and / or nut. Accordingly, the head 222 may be configured for operable engagement with a conventional tool.

[0050] Head 222 may include one or more flats 226. These flats 226 may be polygonal sides of head 222 sufficient for engagement with a conventional tool. A conventional tool may be capable of operable engagement with fastener 120. For example, head 222 may include two or more flats. In this example, head 222 may include 2 flats, 3 flats, 4 flats, 5 flats, 6 flats, 7 flats, 8 flats, or 9 flats. Head top 224 may include a substantially planar surface. In other embodiments, head top 224 may be convex, concave, or other surface profile. Head top 224 may interact and abut with a tool when fastener 120 is being attached, secured, or removed. In one example, fastener body diameter 250 ranges from about 1 mm to about 40 mm. In another example, fastener body diameter 250 ranges from about 1 mm to about 20 mm. In yet another example, fastener body diameter 250 ranges from 3 mm to 12 mm.

[0051] FIG. 2C illustrates a top view of fastener head 222, according to some embodiments. Fastener head 222 in FIG. 2C is shown as one non-limiting example of fastener head 222. Fastener head 222 may be defined, in part, by a diameter 254 of an imaginary circle 252 circumscribing the fastener head 222. In one example, diameter 254 ranges from about 1 mm to about 40 mm. In another example, diameter 254 ranges from about 1 mm to about 20 mm. In yet another example, diameter 254 ranges from about 3 mm to about 15 mm. In one non-limiting example, diameter 254 is greater than fastener body diameter 250.

[0052] FIG. 3A illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 3 A, fastener 120 may include fastener head 222, flat 226, and fastener body 228 including threaded portion 302. Accordingly, fastener 120 may be a threaded hexagonal bolt. Fastener body 228 may be a shaft adjacent to fastener head 222. The fastener head 222 may be adjacent to a first end of the shaft. Threaded portion 302 may extend along the length of fastener body 228. For example, threaded portion 302 may extend from fastener head 222 along the entire length of fastener body 228. Threaded portion 302 may include a ridged portion. The ridged portion may include two or more ridges, and various distances between each ridge may be utilized. The distance between the threads (or ridges) may be expressed as pitch. The thread pitch may be changed depending on the desired application. For example, the thread pitch may range from about 0.2 mm to about 5 mm. In one example, the thread pitch ranges from about 0.3 mm to about 3 mm. Finer threads (with lower pitch diameter compared to coarse thread) may be stronger but may require longer thread engagement portions. Finer threads may also allow for finer adjustments. Since the thread incline of finerthreads may incline at a lesser angle compared to coarse threads, the finer thread may be more beneficial for resisting fastener loosening. In contrast, coarse threads may be more suitable for a wider range of applications.

[0053] FIG. 3B illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 3B, fastener 120 may include fastener head 222 including flat 226, and fastener body 228 including threaded portion 302 and unthreaded portion 304. Accordingly, fastener 120 may be a partially threaded hexagonal bolt. The threaded portion 302 may occupy more than 1% of the surface of fastener body 228, with the remainder being unthreaded portion 304. For example, threaded portion 302 may occupy more than 10%, more than 20%, more than 30%, or more than 40% of the surface of fastener body 228.

[0054] FIG. 3C illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 3C, fastener 120 may include fastener head 222 including flat 226, and fastener body 228 including threaded portion 302 and point 303. Accordingly, fastener 120 may be a hexagonal lag bolt. For example, fastener 120 may be utilized without a threaded bore or a nut to secure two or more objects together. FIG. 3D illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 3D, fastener 120 may include fastener head 222 including flat 226, fastener body 228 including threaded portion 302, and flange 306. Accordingly, fastener 120 may be a flanged bolt, such as a flanged hexagonal bolt. Flange 306 may be greater in diameter than one or more of fastener head 222 and fastener body 228. FIG. 3E illustrates a side view of an example fastener 120, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 3E, fastener 120 may include fastener head 222 including flat 226, fastener body 228 including threaded portion 302, flange 306, and point 308. As shown, the thread pitch in this example is much greater than the thread pitch shown in FIG. 3A. Accordingly, fastener 120 may be a screw. Screws may be preferred for certain applications and may not require a nut. Screws may create threads in the material that the screw is rotated within.

[0055] FIG. 4A illustrates a top view of an example fastener head 222, according to some embodiments. Fastener head 222 may include head top 224 and flat 226. As shown in FIG. 4A, fastener head 222 may include four flats 226. For example, the cross sectional shape of head 222 may include a square or rectangle. Head top 224 may be a planar surface sufficient to interact, couple, and / or engage with access tool 180. FIG. 4B illustrates a top view of an example fastener head 222, according to some embodiments. Fastener head 222 may include head top 224 and flat 226. As shown in FIG. 4B, fastener head 222 may include five flats 226.For example, the cross sectional shape of fastener head 222 may be a pentagon. FIG. 4C illustrates a top view of an example fastener head 222, according to some embodiments. Fastener head 222 may include head top 224 and flat 226. As shown in FIG. 4C, fastener head 222 may include six flats 226. For example, the cross sectional shape of fastener head 222 may be a hexagon. FIG. 4D illustrates a top view of an example fastener head 222, according to some embodiments. Fastener head 222 may include head top 224 and flat 226. As shown in FIG. 4D, fastener head 222 may include eight flats 226. For example, the cross sectional shape of fastener head 222 may be an octagon.

[0056] FIG. 4E illustrates a perspective view of a fastening component 400, according to some embodiments. Fastening component 400 may include face 402, flat 404, bore 406, and threaded portion 408. Bore 406 and threaded portion 408 of fastening component 400 may interact with threaded portion 302 of fastening component 120. As fastening component 400 is rotated, fastening component 400 is rotatable with respect to fastening component 120. As fastening component 400 is rotated, it may move along the fastener body 228 and may be torqued such that face 402 abuts to a surface. In one example, fastening component 400 is a nut. The nut is typically a female member including a threaded hole sufficient to interact with the threaded shaft of a bolt, such as fastener 120. In one example, the nut provides clamping force and prevents axial movement. Fastener adapter 130 may be utilized with a stud and a nut. For example, fastening component 400 may be utilized with a threaded stud. Fastening component 400 may be utilized in place of fastener 120 or in place of fastener head 222.

[0057] FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of sleeve 140, according to some embodiments. Sleeve 140 may include fastener abutment surface 502, bore wall 504, outer surface 506, cover wall abutment surface 508, and sleeve bore 510. The fastener abutment surface 502 may be contactable with the fastener head 222 if / when the fastener 120 is secured to a surface. When passing the fastener body 228 through the sleeve bore 510, the fastener 120 may be contactable with the fastener abutment surface 502. The bore wall 504 and / or the sleeve bore 510 may be sufficient to pass / receive the fastener body 228 through the sleeve bore 510.

[0058] Fastener abutment surface 502 may be a flat, planar surface. Fastener abutment surface 502 may include concentric shapes, wherein the concentric shapes include the same center point. For example, fastener abutment surface 502 may include concentric circles, concentric squares, or concentric hexagons. Fastener abutment surface 502 may include an annulus between two concentric circles sufficient to form the fastener abutment surface 502.Annulus may be any length sufficient to contact the fastener 120. In one non-limiting example, fastener abutment surface 502 includes two concentric circles.

[0059] Bore wall 504 may be an inwardly facing surface of sleeve 140, while outer surface 506 may be an outwardly facing surface of sleeve 140. Bore wall 504 may define the outer edge / surface of sleeve bore 510. Sleeve bore 510 may include various cross sectional shapes. For example, sleeve bore 510 may include a cutout with a cross-sectional shape selected from a triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, circle, oval, and octagon. Sleeve bore 510 may be a void in sleeve 510, such as cylindrical void or cavity.

[0060] FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective view of sleeve 140, according to some embodiments. Sleeve 140 may include bore wall 504, outer surface 506, cover wall abutment surface 508, cover abutment surface 512, and bottom surface 514. Bottom surface 514 may include concentric shapes, wherein the concentric shapes include the same center point. Bottom surface 514 may include an annulus between two concentric circles sufficient to form the bottom surface 514. In one non-limiting example, bottom surface 514 includes two concentric circles. The two concentric circles may form a circular / cylindrical bore. In this example, one circle of bottom surface 514 may have a length less than one of the circles of fastener abutment surface 502. In one example, sleeve bore 510 may have a length defined by the distance between fastener abutment surface 502 and bottom surface 514.

[0061] Sleeve 140 may be provided as an intermediate body between fastener 120 and cover 160, such that cover 160 is rotatable with respect to one or both of sleeve 140 and fastener 120. As a result, attempts to remove the assembly from the work surface by rotating cover 160 are futile. In some embodiments, sleeve 140 may be configured to transmit a securement force between fastener 120, particularly fastener head 222, and the work surface to which fastener 120 is secured. In the illustrated embodiment, securement of fastener 120 to the work surface involves inserting shaft 228 through sleeve bore 510 and into or through the work surface. As fastener 120 is tightened to the work surface, pressure may be operably applied from head bottom surface 230 of fastener head 222 to fastener abutment surface 502 of sleeve 140. Such pressure may be transmitted by sleeve 140 to bottom surface 514, which may be arranged to apply the securement force against the work surface.

[0062] Outer surface 506 may be contactable with one or more surfaces of cover 160. Outer surface 506 may define the outermost surface of sleeve 140. Outer surface 506 may include a height defined by the distance between fastener abutment surface 502 and the cover abutment surface 512. Cover wall abutment surface 508 may be contactable with one or moresurfaces of cover 160. Cover wall abutment surface 508 may include a height defined by the distance between cover abutment surface 512 and bottom surface 514.

[0063] FIG. 5C illustrates a top view of sleeve 140, according to some embodiments. FIG. 5C illustrates sleeve outer width 532 and sleeve bore width 534. FIG. 5D illustrates a top view of sleeve 140, according to some embodiments. FIGS. 5C and 5D are viewing sleeve 140 from opposite directions. FIG. 5D illustrates sleeve outer width 532 and sleeve bore width 534. In one example, sleeve outer width 532 is greater in length than one or more of the fastener body diameter 250 and diameter 254. In another example, diameter 254 is greater in length than sleeve outer width 532. In yet another example, sleeve outer width 532 ranges from about 2 mm to about 40 mm. In yet another example, sleeve outer width 532 ranges from about 4 mm to about 20 mm. In yet another example, sleeve outer width 532 and sleeve bore width 534 may be diameters.

[0064] In one example, sleeve bore width 534 is greater in length than fastener body diameter 250. In another example, diameter 254 is greater in length than sleeve bore width 534. Sleeve bore width 534 may range from about 1 mm to about 40 mm. In one example, sleeve bore width 534 ranges from about 2 mm to about 20 mm. In yet another example, sleeve bore width 534 ranges from about 3 mm to about 12 mm. As discussed, sleeve bore width 534 may be sufficient for fastener body 228 to pass through the sleeve bore 510.

[0065] FIG. 5E illustrates a perspective view of sleeve 550, according to some embodiments. Sleeve 550 may include fastener abutment surface 552, bore wall 554, outer surface 556, and bore 558. FIG. 5F illustrates a perspective view of sleeve 550, according to some embodiments. Sleeve 550 may include bore wall 554, outer surface 556, and bottom surface 560.

[0066] Sleeves 140 and / or 550 may be made from various materials. In one example, sleeves 140 and / or 550 includes one or more of alloy steel, copper, titanium, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and silicon bronze. In another example, sleeves 140 and / or 550 may include a coating material, such as zinc, galvanized coatings, ceramic coatings, and chrome. In yet another example, sleeves 140 and / or 550 may include a nylon and / or plastic material.

[0067] FIG. 6A illustrates a perspective view of cover 160, according to some embodiments. Cover 160 may include outer surface 602, top surface 604, inner surface 606, protrusion 608, sleeve abutment surface 609, bore wall 610, and cover bore 612. Outer surface 602 and top surface 604 may form a shape that is difficult to turn with a tool, such as a wrench or pliers. Since outer surface 602 may be tapered, the surface promotes slipping of a tool anddoes not provide a surface for efficient torque / force transfer from a tool. Inner surface 606 may define a cavity / bore for fastener 120 to pass through. Inner surface 606 may be a wall defining a receptacle. The wall may include an outer tapered surface. The wall may be configured to prevent operable engagement between the fastener head 222 and a conventional tool when the shaft is fully received in the cover bore 612. The wall may include the one or more protrusions 608 extending generally toward this cover axis. Sleeve abutment surface 609 may be contactable with the cover abutment surface 512 when fastener 120 is fully installed through sleeve 140 and cover 160.

[0068] Top surface 604 may include a width defined by the distance between the edge of the inner surface 606 and the outer surface 602. Inner surface 606 may be an inwardly facing surface of cover 160. In one example, inner surface 606 may be adjacent to top surface 604 and sleeve abutment surface 609. In another example, inner surface 606 may be adjacent to the one or more protrusions 608. Inner surface 606 may include a height 630 defined by the distance between sleeve abutment surface 609 and top surface 604. Accordingly, the height of inner surface 606 may be greater in length than head height 255 of fastener head 222. The height of inner surface 606 may be greater than the combined length of head height 255 and the height of outer surface 506.

[0069] The one or more protrusions 608 may extend inwardly (such as radially inwardly) from the inner surface 606. Accordingly, the one or more protrusions 608 may extend into the receptacle from the wall. Extending inwardly from the inner surface 606 may include extending from the inner surface 606 toward the cover bore 612. Extending inwardly from the inner surface 606 may include extending from the inner surface 606 toward the fastener 120 and / or the fastener head 222 when the fastener head 222 is disposed in the receptacle. Extending inwardly from the inner surface 606 may include occupying space between the inner surface 606 and the fastener head 222. The one or more protrusions 608 may extend from the sleeve abutment surface 609 toward the top surface 604. In this example, the one or more protrusions 608 may add surface area to the top surface 604. In one example, the one or more protrusions 608 are adjacent to one or more of the inner surface 606 and the sleeve abutment surface 609. In another example, one or more protrusions 608 includes two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more protrusions. In another example, the one or more protrusions 608 includes at least 2 protrusions, at least 3 protrusions, or at least 4 protrusions. In yet another example, the one or more protrusions 608 includes two protrusions diametrically opposed to each other. The sleeve 140 may be contactable with the one or more protrusions 608 when the sleeve 140 isdisposed in the receptacle. Contacting the sleeve 140 with the one or more protrusions 608 may include placing the sleeve 140 and the one or more protrusions 608 in physical contact. The sleeve 140 may be interposable between the cover 160 and the fastener 120 so that the cover 160 is rotatable with respect to the fastener 120.

[0070] Importantly, the one or more protrusions 608 may occupy space between the inner surface 606 and the fastener head 222, sufficient to prevent a conventional tool from accessing the fastener head 222. For example, a conventional tool may include a socket, wrench, or pliers. This conventional tool may be blocked from contacting and / or engaging the fastener 120 by the one or more protrusions 608. Therefore, the conventional tool may be unable to rotate the fastener 120. In addition to this tamper-proof / resistant capability, the cover 160 is also capable of being rotated with respect to the fastener 120 and / or the sleeve 140. In one example, when fastener 120 is secured to a surface using the fastener adapter 130, the pressure / force from the fastener 120 is applied to sleeve 140 - allowing cover 160 to be rotatable with respect to sleeve 140. In another example, when fastener 120 is secured to a surface, sleeve 140 may be in contact with that surface. Since conventional tools are not able to rotate the fastener 120, and the cover 160 is sufficient to rotate with respect to the fastener 120 and / or the sleeve 140, the fastener adapter 130 prevents or deters tampering.

[0071] Sleeve abutment surface 609 may extend from the inner surface 606 toward the bore wall 610 and may be a base of the cover 160. Sleeve abutment surface 609 may be contactable with sleeve 140. For example, sleeve abutment surface 609 may be placed in contact with sleeve 140 when fastener 120 is secured to a surface. Sleeve abutment surface 609 may include a planar, flat surface for contacting sleeve 140. Sleeve abutment surface 609 may be in contact with, and may be adjacent to, the one or more protrusions 608. In one example, sleeve abutment surface 609 may restrict and / or prevent sleeve 140 from fully passing through cover bore 612. A portion of sleeve 140 may be engageable within the cover bore 612.

[0072] FIG. 6B illustrates a perspective view of cover 160, according to some embodiments. Cover 160 may include outer surface 602, inner surface 606, protrusion 608, bore wall 610, cover bore 612, and bottom surface 614. As shown, outer surface 602 extends from top surface 604 to bottom surface 614. Bore wall 610 may extend from sleeve abutment surface 609 to bottom surface 614, such that the cover bore 612 extends from sleeve abutment surface 609 to bottom surface 614. FIG. 6C illustrates a perspective view of cover 160, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 6A, outer surface 602 may be angled and / or tapered, such that one portion of outer surface 602 may have a longer radius than a differentportion of outer surface 602. This angle prevents or resists tampering by reducing the grip of a conventional tool on the outer surface 602. Further, this angle reduces the force transfer efficiency of a conventional tool. In one example, the outer surface 602 may include an angle ranging from about 20° to about 80°. In another example, the outer surface 602 may include an angle ranging from about 30° to about 60°. This angle may be less than 90°, less than 80°, or less than 70°. The wall may extend circumaxially and / or circumferentially about cover axis 640 passing through the cover bore 612.

[0073] FIG. 6D illustrates a top view of cover 160, according to some embodiments. FIG. 6D illustrates outer surface width 632 and inner surface width 634. Inner surface width 634 may be the width dimension of the wall defining the receptacle. In one example, outer surface width 632 is greater than inner surface width 634. Outer surface width 632 may be any diameter sufficient to prevent tampering of fastener 120. In one example, outer surface width 632 ranges from about 5 mm to about 150 mm. In another example, outer surface width 632 ranges from about 10 mm to 50 mm. In yet another example, outer surface width 632 ranges from about 10 mm to about 30 mm. Inner surface width 634 may be any diameter sufficient to prevent tampering of fastener 120. In one example, inner surface width 634 ranges from about 2 mm to about 100 mm. In another example, inner surface width 634 ranges from about 4 mm to 40 mm. In yet another example, inner surface width 634 ranges from about 5 mm to about 30 mm. The inner surface width 634 may be greater than a diameter of an imaginary circle circumscribing the fastener head 222. For example, inner surface width 634 may be greater than diameter 254. In yet another example, outer surface width 632 and inner surface width 634 may be diameters.

[0074] FIG. 6E illustrates a top view of cover 160, according to some embodiments. FIG. 6E illustrates cover bore width 636 and distance 638. Cover bore width 636 may be greater than fastener body diameter 250 and may be a diameter. Accordingly, cover bore width 636 may be sufficient to pass the fastener body 228 through the cover bore 612. Cover bore width 636 may be greater than sleeve bore width 534. In one example, cover bore width 636 ranges from about 2 mm to about 75 mm. In another example, cover bore width 636 ranges from about 2 mm to 30 mm. In yet another example, cover bore width 636 ranges from about 2 mm to about 20 mm. Distance 638 represents the distance between the inner surface 606 and the bore wall 610. Therefore, distance 638 may be calculated by subtracting the cover bore width 636 from the inner surface width 634. The one or more protrusions 608 may extend along and occupy space along distance 638 toward bore wall 610.

[0075] Cover 160 may be made from various materials. In one example, cover 160 includes one or more of alloy steel, copper, titanium, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and silicon bronze. In another example, cover 160 may include a coating material, such as zinc, galvanized coatings, ceramic coatings, and chrome. In yet another example, cover 160 may include a nylon and / or plastic material.

[0076] FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of examples of cover 160, according to some embodiments. As shown, cover 160 may include one or more protrusions 608, such as two protrusions or five protrusions. The protrusions 608 may be spaced equally apart along the inner surface 606 or may be placed at any position along the inner surface 606. In one example, cover 160 includes two protrusions 608 diametrically opposite of one another. Protrusions 608 may be configured to reduce spacing between inner surface 606 and a head portion 222 of fastener 120 when head portion is positioned in the receptacle defined by inner surface 606 of cover 160. Such reduction of spacing by protrusions 608 is effective to inhibit or prevent access to flats 226 of head portion 222 by a conventional tool. Therefore, protrusions 608 may be of various shape, size, and distribution so long as protrusions 608 act as an access prevention structure to flats 226 of fastener 120 when fastener 120 is installed in fastener adapter 130.

[0077] FIG. 8A illustrates a perspective view of access tool 180, according to some embodiments. Access tool 180 may include drive portion 802, body 804, and recession 806. Access tool 180 may be utilized to rotate fastener 120 when fastener 120 is installed in fastener adapter 130. Access tool 180 is also capable of rotating sleeve 140 and / or cover 160.

[0078] Drive portion 802 may be configured for engagement with a conventional hand tool or power tool, or manipulated manually, typically for rotation to impart rotation to the fastener 120. As force is applied to drive portion 802, the force is transferred to the body 804. Drive portion 802 may be shaped appropriately to couple with a socket head. For example, drive portion 802 may include a square or hexagonal cross-sectional shape. In one example, drive portion 802 includes a hexagonal prism. In another example, drive portion 802 includes one or more flats sufficient to be turned by a conventional wrench, socket, driver, or pliers. Drive portion 802 may include one or more indentations sufficient to be rotated by a Philips, torx, or flat head screwdriver. In some embodiments, body 804 may be substantially cylindrical in shape and / or may have a substantially circular cross-sectional shape. Body 804 may include a complementary shape to inner surface 606. Accordingly, body 804 may be configured to be positionable between the inner surface 606 and / or protrusions 608, and the fastener head 222.

[0079] Access tool 180 may include one or more, two or more, or three or more recessions 806. The number of recession(s) 806 may be equal to the number of protrusions 608. In one example, one or more recessions 806 includes two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more recessions. In another example, the one or more recessions 806 includes at least 2 recessions, at least 3 recessions, or at least 4 recessions. In yet another example, the one or more recessions 806 includes two recessions diametrically opposed to each other. Recession 806 may be engageable with the one or more protrusions 608. Recession 806 may include a receding or absent portion of body 804. Recession 806 may include a variety of cross-sectional receptacle shapes to cooperate with respective protrusions 608. Recession 806 may therefore be complementary to the one or more protrusions 608. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the one or more protrusions 608 may be complimentary to the cross-sectional shape of respective recessions 806.

[0080] In one example, recession 806 accommodates, couples, and / or engages with the one or more protrusions 608 sufficient to allow the access tool to turn one or more of the fastener 120, the fastener head 222, the sleeve 140, and the cover 160. Accommodating, coupling and / or engaging may include partially surrounding the one or more protrusions 608, physically contacting the one or more protrusions 608, and / or applying force to the one or more protrusions 608. The one or more recessions 806 may be configured to accommodate the one or more protrusions 608 when the engagement body operably engages the fastener head 222. Rotational force may be applied to the cover 160 from the one or more recessions 806 to the one or more protrusions 608 sufficient to rotate the cover 160 with the fastener 120. Therefore, one or more surfaces of the recession 806 may be operably placed in contact with the one or more protrusions 608.

[0081] FIG. 8B illustrates a perspective view of access tool 180, according to some embodiments. Access tool 180 may include drive portion 802, body 804, recession 806, bore wall 808, access tool bore 810, and bottom surface 812. The access tool 180 may be engaged with fastener 120 sufficient for the bore wall 808 to be in contact with, and engage with, the fastener head 222. The bore wall 808 may define an engagement body specifically arranged to operably engage the fastener head 222 and be capable of transferring rotation force to the fastener head 222. The engagement body may define the access tool bore 810. The engagement body may be capable of transferring force to the one or more protrusions 608 sufficient to rotate cover 160. The fastener head 222 may extend into / through access tool bore 810. Access tool bore 810 may be engageable with the fastener head 222 and may be arranged to transfer forceto the fastener head 222 when so engaged. If access tool 180 is engaged with cover 160, bottom surface 812 may be in contact with the fastener abutment surface 502. Accordingly, access tool 180 is capable of rotating both the fastener 120 and the cover 160 simultaneously. This rotation (normally counter-clockwise) is able to remove fastener 120 from being secured.

[0082] Access tool 180 may be made from various materials. In one example, access tool 180 includes one or more of alloy steel, copper, titanium, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and silicon bronze. In another example, access tool 180 may include a coating material, such as zinc, galvanized coatings, ceramic coatings, and chrome. In yet another example, access tool 180 may include nylon and / or plastic materials. Access tool 180 may be made of alloyed metals. For example, access tool 180 may be made of various metals, such as chrome vanadium or chrome molybdenum steel.

[0083] FIG. 9A illustrates a method 900 of installing a fastener according to one or more of the following steps:

[0084] STEP 910, PLACE AT LEAST A PORTION OF A SLEEVE WITHIN A COVER BORE, includes placing at least a portion of sleeve 140 within cover bore (cover bore 612). Once sleeve 140 is positioned within cover bore 612, the sleeve 140 may be rotatable with respect to cover bore 612.

[0085] STEP 920, PASS THE FASTENER THROUGH A SLEEVE BORE, includes passing fastener 120 through sleeve bore 510. Accordingly, fastener 120 may pass through both the sleeve bore 510 and cover bore 612. Passing the fastener 120 through sleeve bore 510 includes at least a portion of fastener 120 extending through sleeve bore 510. STEP 920 may be completed before, during, or after STEP 910.

[0086] STEP 930, PROVIDE AN ACCESS TOOL INCLUDING ONE OR MORE RECESSIONS CAPABLE OF ENGAGING WITH ONE OR MORE PROTRUSIONS OF THE COVER AND ENGAGING WITH THE FASTENER, includes providing an access tool, such as access tool 180, including one or more recessions 806 capable of engaging with one or more protrusions 608 of the cover 160 and engaging with the fastener 120. Engaging may include surrounding the one or more protrusions 608, physically contacting the one or more protrusions 608, and / or applying force to the one or more protrusions 608.

[0087] STEP 940, ROTATE THE FASTENER AND THE COVER SIMULTANEOUSLY USING THE ACCESS TOOL SUFFICIENT TO SECURE THE FASTENER TO A SURFACE, includes rotating fastener 120 and cover 160 simultaneously with access tool 180 sufficient to secure the fastener to a surface. In many embodiments,rotating includes rotating the fastener 120 clockwise to secure fastener 120. Rotating the fastener 120 may include applying torque to the fastener 120 and driving the fastener 120 into the surface.

[0088] FIG. 9B illustrates a method 950 of removing a fastener according to the following steps:

[0089] STEP 960, PROVIDE AN ACCESS TOOL INCLUDING ONE OR MORE RECESSIONS CAPABLE OF ENGAGING WITH ONE OR MORE PROTRUSIONS OF A COVER AND ENGAGING WITH THE FASTENER, includes providing an access tool, such as access tool 180, including one or more recessions 806 capable of engaging with one or more protrusions 608 of the cover 160 and engaging with the fastener 120. Engaging may include surrounding the one or more protrusions 608, physically contacting the one or more protrusions 608, and / or applying force to the one or more protrusions 608.

[0090] STEP 970, ROTATE THE FASTENER AND THE COVER SIMULTANEOUSLY USING THE ACCESS TOOL SUFFICIENT TO REMOVE THE FASTENER FROM A SURFACE, includes rotating fastener 120 and cover 160 simultaneously with access tool 180 sufficient to remove fastener 120 from the surface. In many embodiments, rotating includes rotating the fastener 120 counter-clockwise to remove fastener 120.

[0091] FIG. 10A illustrates a fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments. Fastener adapter 130 includes sleeve 140 and cover 160. As shown, fastener adapter 130 may include fastener abutment surface 502, bore wall 504, outer surface 602, top surface 604, inner surface 606, protrusion 608, and sleeve abutment surface 609. FIG. 10B illustrates a fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments. Fastener adapter 130 includes sleeve 140 and cover 160. As shown, fastener adapter 130 may include bore wall 504, bottom surface 514, outer surface 602, and bottom surface 614. FIG. 10C illustrates a fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments. Fastener adapter 130 includes sleeve 140 and cover 160. As shown, fastener adapter 130 may include bore wall 504, cover wall abutment surface 508, bottom surface 514, outer surface 602, and bottom surface 614. As shown in FIGS. 10A-10C, the fastener adapter 130 is shown after completing STEP 910. As shown in FIG. 10B, bottom surface 514 of sleeve 140 may form a planar surface with bottom surface 614 of cover 160. As shown in FIG. 10C, sleeve 140 may extend past bottom surface 614 of cover 160. For example, cover wall abutment surface 508 may extend past the plane of bottom surface 614 of cover 160.

[0092] When the fastener 120 is secured to a surface, the bottom surface 514 may be in contact with the surface. In one example, the sleeve 140 is engageable with the cover bore 612 sufficient for at least a portion of the sleeve 140 to be extendable through the cover bore 612. The sleeve 140 may include a sleeve bore 510 that includes a length longer than the cover bore 612. In another example, one or more of the sleeve bore 510 and the cover bore 612 are cylindrical. In yet another example, the cover 160 may be rotatable with respect to the sleeve 140.

[0093] FIG. 11A illustrates an exploded view of the fastener 120 and the fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments. FIG. 11A illustrates fastener 120, fastener adapter 130 including sleeve 140 and cover 160, and fastener body 228. FIG. 11A illustrates that STEP 920 may be performed prior to STEP 910. Accordingly, the fastener 120 may be passed through sleeve 140. Then, the fastener 120 may be passed through cover 160.

[0094] FIG. 11B illustrates a perspective view of an interaction between the fastener 120 and the fastener adapter 130, according to some embodiments. FIG. 11B illustrates fastener 120, sleeve 140, cover 160, head top 224, flat 226, fastener body 228, and protrusion 608. As shown, once secured, the fastener 120 is not able to be rotated with a conventional tool such as a socket or a wrench. This conventional tool is not able to engage the fastener 120 due to the one or more protrusions 608 and due to the shape and rotational nature of cover 160. As shown, the fastener body 228 is at least partially extended through the cover 160.

[0095] FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of an interaction between the fastener 120, the cover 160, and the access tool 180, according to some embodiments. FIG. 12 illustrates fastener 120, cover 160, access tool 180, outer surface 602, protrusion 608, drive portion 802, and recession 806. FIG. 12 illustrates an example of how STEPS 930 and 940 may be performed. The one or more recessions 806 of access tool 180 are engaged with the one or more protrusions 608 of cover 160. As such, the access tool 180 is capable of engaging and rotating fastener 120 to secure or remove fastener 120.

[0096] Importantly, fastener adapter 130 may be utilized with various types of screws, nuts, bolts, and securing components. Further, fastener adapter 130 may be utilized with various fastener head shapes and sizes, various fastener body lengths and diameters, and various washers and nuts. Since cover 160 is rotatable with respect to one or more of fastener 120 and sleeve 140, solely rotating cover 160 may not be sufficient to remove fastener 120. Further, the one or more protrusions 608 prevent and resist tampering as these one or more protrusions 608 occupy space between inner surface 606 and fastener 120. Occupying spacemay prevent a tool from engaging with fastener 120. Accordingly, the present disclosure describes a novel fastener adapter 130 for resisting and / or preventing tampering of a fastener while utilizing conventional, non-modified fasteners.

[0097] While the disclosure has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment(s), it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the embodiment(s). In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the embodiment(s) without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiment(s), but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Various examples have been described. These and other examples are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A fastener security apparatus for use with a fastener having a shaft and a fastener head adjacent a first end of the shaft, the fastener head being configured for operable engagement with a conventional tool, the fastener security apparatus comprising: a cover having a base with a cover bore, and a wall extending from the base around at least a portion of the cover bore, wherein the cover bore is configured to receive the shaft of the fastener, and the wall is configured to prevent operable engagement between the fastener head and the conventional tool when the shaft is fully received in the cover bore; and a sleeve interposable between the fastener and the cover for permitting relative rotation between the fastener and the cover.

2. The fastener security apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wall extends circumaxially about a cover axis passing through the cover bore.

3. The fastener security apparatus of claim 2, wherein the wall includes a protrusion extending generally toward the cover axis.

4. The fastener security apparatus of claim 3, wherein the protrusion extends radially inwardly from the wall.

5. The fastener security apparatus of claim 3, including a plurality of protrusions extending generally inwardly toward the cover axis.

6. The fastener security apparatus of claim 1 further including an access tool, wherein the access tool includes an engagement body specifically arranged to operably engage the fastener head and being capable of transferring rotational force to the fastener head.

7. The fastener security apparatus of claim 6, wherein the access tool further includes one or more recessions sufficient to engage the one or more protrusions when the engagement body operably engages the fastener head.

8. A tamper-resistant fastener adapter for a fastener including a fastener head and a fastener body, the adapter comprising: a sleeve including: a sleeve bore with a sleeve bore width greater than a diameter of the fastener body and sufficient to pass the fastener body through the sleeve bore; a fastener abutment surface, wherein the fastener abutment surface is contactable with the fastener head; and a cover abutment surface, a cover including: a cover bore with a cover bore width greater than the diameter of the fastener body and sufficient to pass the fastener body through the cover bore; a sleeve abutment surface, wherein the sleeve abutment surface is contactable with the cover abutment surface; a wall defining a receptacle having a width dimension greater than a diameter of an imaginary circle circumscribing the fastener head; and one or more protrusions extending into the receptacle from the wall.

9. The adapter of claim 8, wherein the one or more protrusions extend toward the fastener head when the fastener head is disposed in the receptacle.

10. The adapter of claim 8, wherein the wall includes an outer tapered surface.

11. The adapter of claim 8, wherein the sleeve is contactable with the one or more protrusions when the sleeve is disposed in the receptacle.

12. The adapter of claim 8, wherein a portion of the sleeve is receivable within the cover bore.

13. The adapter of claim 8, wherein the sleeve is interposable between the cover and the fastener so that the cover is rotatable with respect to the fastener.

14. A tamper-resistant fastening system, comprising: a fastener including:a fastener head; and a fastener body including a threaded portion, a sleeve including: a sleeve bore with a sleeve bore width greater than a diameter of the fastener body for receiving the fastener body therethrough; a fastener abutment surface; and a cover abutment surface, a cover including: a cover bore with a cover bore width greater than the diameter of the fastener body for receiving the fastener body therethrough; a sleeve abutment surface, wherein the sleeve abutment surface is contactable with the cover abutment surface; an inner surface defining a receptacle having a receptacle diameter that is greater than a diameter of an imaginary circle circumscribing the fastener head; and one or more protrusions extending inwardly from the inner surface toward the fastener head when the fastener head is disposed in the receptacle.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the fastener includes a bolt or a screw.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the fastener head includes two or more flats and a planar top surface.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the cover bore width is greater than the sleeve bore width.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein a portion of the sleeve is receivable within the cover bore.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the sleeve is interposable between the fastener and the cover so that the cover is rotatable with respect to one or more of the sleeve and the fastener.

20. A tamper-resistant fastener adapter kit for a fastener including a fastener head and a fastener body, the kit comprising: a sleeve including: a sleeve bore with a sleeve bore width greater than a diameter of the fastener body for receiving the fastener body therethrough; a fastener abutment surface; and a cover abutment surface, a cover including: a cover bore with a cover bore width greater than the diameter of the fastener body for receiving the fastener body therethrough; a sleeve abutment surface, wherein the sleeve abutment surface is contactable with the cover abutment surface; an inner surface with an inner surface width a wall defining a receptacle having a width dimension that is greater than a diameter of an imaginary circle circumscribing the fastener head; and one or more protrusions extending into the receptacle from the wall, an access tool including: an engagement body specifically arranged to operably engage the fastener head and being capable of transferring rotational force to the fastener head.

21. The kit of claim 20 wherein the access tool includes one or more recessions sufficient to accommodate the one or more protrusions when the engagement body operably engages the fastener head.

22. The kit of claim 21 wherein the one or more recessions are arranged to engage respective ones of the one or more protrusions when the engagement body operably engages the fastener head.

23. The kit of claim 22, wherein the cover is rotatable with respect to the sleeve and the engagement body is capable of transferring force to the one or more protrusions sufficient to rotate the cover and the fastener head.

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