Development of silage maize precision growing technology using site-specific technologies

Abstract

The aim is to apply precision farming in fodder production, taking into account the agroecological conditions of Hungary in addition to environmental regulations and resource management requirements. Patent claims: 1. Development of silage maize precision growing technology using site-specific technologies Procedural steps: 1. Selection of areas: The farms covered by the study work under different site conditions. The available fields have a high degree of territorial heterogeneity, the distances between the fields and the distances between the fields and the livestock farms are significant It is also important to choose hybrids adapted to the conditions of the given growing site. 2. Determination of site-specific and ecological hybrid selection. Investigation of the effects of organic and fertilizer forms on the yield of silage maize and on the nutritional values of the silage produced. During harvesting, continuous calibration is possible through continuous yield measurement. 3. Carrying out physical and chemical soil testing on designated plots or in laboratories. 4. Analysis of available data layers, execution of yield analyses from them 5. Using these analyses, a proposal is made for the development of precision technology in silage maize growing. 6. With the help of the GIS databases created, in addition to the possibility of precision farming increasing resource efficiency, it is possible to protect the environmental condition while taking into account the necessary and sufficient principle of environmental protection.

Description

[0001] Patent description

[0002] 1) Title of invention:

[0003] Development of silage maize precision growing technology using site-specific technologies

[0004] 2) Name of technical area:

[0005] Natural science - agricultural science

[0006] 3) Presentation of the state of the technology of which the applicant is acquainted with such a state of the art as close to the invention by presenting solutions, and possibly sources, to help understand the invention and assess its patentability:

[0007] In arable crop production, both the quantitative and qualitative requirements of animal husbandry must be taken into account during the production of mass fodder. When analysing the cost structure of animal husbandry, the proportion of material costs is significant, namely around 60-70 % of feed costs. In recent years, livestock revenues have developed unfavourably, therefore the production of mass feeds has become vital to maintain competitiveness. If the farm produced part of the fodder itself, it was able to reduce its costs. Increasing efficiency in the cultivation of silage and fodder maize is also a marginal issue. The condition of competitive cultivation is the application of precision farming, including site-specific farming, the demarcation of zones with the same site conditions, and the adaptation of tillage systems adapted to today's increasingly extreme weather conditions. In addition to these principles, special attention should be paid to selecting the appropriate hybrids in order to reduce the burden on the environment in addition to improving competitiveness. This means that the desired input materials are delivered site-specific where their use efficiency is the most favourable. The basic units that fundamentally affect production are patches of soil within the field, which have different fertility. In the application of precision farming, yield maps and income maps based on them are currently prepared in patches of fields. With the statistical processing of the large number of basic data generated, we have the opportunity to clarify farming and exploit the additional income-generating effect of precision technology.

[0008] With the help of the available agricultural machinery systems, enterprises engaged in fodder growing are already increasingly using automatic control in various power machines. In the future, power and machine systems must be operated at a higher level of precision farming, taking advantage of the technological solutions that these machines carry with them.

[0009] The climate in Hungary has become more extreme over the past hundred years. In arable crop production, the time interval available under optimal conditions for certain technological operations is narrowed. For different soil types, these statements may be exponentially true. According to literature studies, vintages are becoming more and more common, when the optimal time to implement the elements of the crop management program at the optimal time is even narrower, and in extreme cases the optimal conditions do not exist for a single day. In addition, a significant risk factor is the phenomenon that precipitation shows high variability both in space and time. 4) Indication of the task to be solved with the invention:

[0010] Taking into account the agroecological conditions of Hungary, as well as environmental regulations and resource management requirements, the application of precision farming in feed production is recommended. Within the boards, the spots where extra profit can be achieved are determined, while in other parts of the boards we can implement technology with an average profit content. It is important to adjust the intensity of the technology to the expected profitability at the field spot level. Spring weather anomalies have an adverse effect on the crop management program of silage maize. Late spring and rainy weather hinder the pre-sowing work and the sowing itself, causing trailed inhomogeneous sprouting, which also affects the subsequent development of the crop stock. Mistakes made during sowing cannot be remedied later, or only very difficult. If these adverse effects persist, raw materials with completely uncertain quantities and unfavourable nutritional values will be available for livestock production. Our goal is to ensure that this unfavorable process does not occur during the technology of fodder cultivation.

[0011] Crop management systems based on precision farming are becoming increasingly important in mass fodder production in Hungary as well. The area under maize has exceeded 1 million hectares in the past 10 years, of which the share of silage maize production area was about 10%.

[0012] Maize is currently grown on Hungary entire area, under very different local and ecological conditions. On-site production is justified by high transport costs, i.e. it is not worth transporting the produced goods over long distances due to high freight costs. Silage maize is grown on soils with different water, heat and air management under different soil degradation processes (physical, chemical, biological).

[0013] As a result, the adaptation of the results of our R+D activities is of great importance for farms engaged in silage maize growing.

[0014] 5) Solving the task:

[0015] Taking into account the agroecological conditions of Hungary, and in addition to environmental regulations and resource management requirements, the application of precision farming in fodder production.

[0016] 6.) Details of one or more ways in which the invention is implemented in support of the scope of protection:

[0017] 1. Selection of areas: The farms covered by the study farm under different site conditions. The available fields have a high degree of territorial heterogeneity, the distances between the fields and the distances between the fields and the livestock farms are significant. It is also important to choose hybrids adapted to the conditions of the given growing site.

[0018] 2. Determination of site-specific and ecological hybrid selection. Investigation of the effects of organic and fertilizer forms on the yield of silage maize and on the nutritional values of the silage produced. During harvesting, continuous calibration is possible through continuous yield measurement.

[0019] 3. Carrying out physical and chemical soil testing on designated plots or in laboratories.

[0020] 4. Analysis of available data layers, execution of yield analyses from them

[0021] 5. Using these analyses, a proposal is made for the development of precision technology in silage maize growing.

[0022] 6. With the help of the GIS databases created, in addition to the possibility of precision fanning increasing resource efficiency, it is possible to protect the environmental condition while taking into account the necessary and sufficient principle of environmental protection.

[0023] During the development of the crop management program of grain and silage maize, the achievements of precision farming were involved in our work. Differentiated nutrient supply and sowing operations were used, in addition to the fact that harvesting was documented in both directions of utilization. In addition to the basic fertilizers, the application of top fertilizers was also differentiated and positioned in several passes, if necessary in the phenophase before flowering, using a third top dressing by injection method in both experimental years.

[0024] 7.) An explanation of how the invention can be used in industry, if it is not apparent from the nature or description of the invention:

[0025] As described in the previous points, applicability in agriculture is substantiated.

[0026] 8) Description of the advantages of the invention compared to the state of the art

[0027] During our experiments, it was proved that it is possible to improve the yield results of silage maize by applying the methods of precision crop production. The different experimental areas provided an opportunity to implement experimental methods on different soil types. Thanks to this, a more accurate picture is formed of the possibilities of growing silage maize intended for fodder. Precision farming methods have made it possible for fields with heterogeneous soils to produce the right quality and quantity of the crop expected from them. All this by using an ideal amount of inputs, thus optimizing costs.

[0028] The year of lack of precipitation in 2022 has shown that priority should be given to moisture-saving tillage methods. The use of soil-friendly tillage methods that take water retention into account promotes water management in unirrigated areas and also contributes to the retention of soil moisture in areas affected by extreme weather.

[0029] Patent claims:

[0030] Development of silage maize precision growing technology using site-specific technologies

Claims

Patent claim(s):

1. Development of silage maize precision growing technology using site-specific technologies