Electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an electronic device, such as a wearable display, which is provided with a pinhole array configured to further improve the quality of an image visible to a user. The present disclosure may provide an electronic device comprising: a transparent substrate; a light source module array which is provided at a first surface of the transparent substrate and has a plurality of light source modules arranged in a lattice structure; a pinhole array which is provided at a second surface of the transparent substrate and has a plurality of micro-cluster pinholes arranged to correspond to the plurality of light source modules respectively; and an optical driving unit which controls the light source module array, wherein light beams according to an image generated by the optical driving unit are emitted from the light source module array and provided to a user through the pinhole array.

Description

electronic devices

[0001] The present disclosure relates to electronic devices. More specifically, it relates to electronic devices such as wearable displays used in virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and the like.

[0002] Virtual Reality (VR) refers to a specific environment or situation, or the technology itself, that is similar to reality but not real, created using artificial technology such as computers.

[0003] Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that synthesizes virtual objects or information into the real environment to make them appear as objects that exist in the original environment.

[0004] Mixed reality (MR) or hybrid reality refers to the creation of new environments or information by merging the virtual and real worlds. In particular, it refers to real-time interaction between real and virtual worlds.

[0005] At this time, the created virtual environments and situations stimulate the user's five senses, allowing them to experience spatial and temporal experiences similar to reality, freely moving between reality and imagination. Furthermore, users can not only immerse themselves in these environments, but also interact with the objects embodied within them, using real devices to control and command them.

[0006] Recently, research on gear used in these technical fields has been actively conducted.

[0007] There are two main types of wearable displays that project images into space: a helmet-mounted display and glasses-style displays. Helmet-style displays, designed to expand the field of view (FOV) and produce larger images, feature a larger optical lens system, allowing the entire device to be worn on the head. This is where the term "HMD" (Head-Mounted Display) comes from. Helmet-style displays are used in specialized, confined spaces with limited mobility, such as military training (cyber flight control) and cyber gaming.

[0008] On the other hand, the glasses-type structure, as illustrated in Figure 1, is designed to be compact and lightweight, with a structure that spans the nose and ears like glasses, making it easy to use even in mobile environments. The glasses-type structure is broadly classified into three types.

[0009] First, the direct-view type structure ((1-1) in Fig. 1) in which the panel and lens are mounted in front of the eyes is the most classic structure and is the basis for the design of a virtual optical system. It has a see-closed form that does not allow the external view to be seen in front. Therefore, the direct-view type structure ((1-1) in Fig. 1) has a disadvantage in that it requires the recognition of the external view in a moving space.

[0010] Secondly, there is a top-mounted reflective structure ((1-2) in Fig. 1), which is a structure that can see the outside world by mounting the panel upward and using a partial reflective surface to secure the shortcomings of the direct-viewing structure ((1-1) in Fig. 1). However, the top-mounted reflective structure ((1-2) in Fig. 1) has the disadvantage that the panel and optical system are mounted in front of the eyes as a whole, so there is a limit to having a thin thickness of the glasses structure and it is difficult to have a light weight.

[0011] Thirdly, there is a side-mounted light guide structure ((1-3) in Fig. 1) which moves the panel and optical lens group in front to the eyeglass frame next to the eye and uses a light guide (or wave guide) to have a structure similar to a spectacle lens.

[0012] The side-mounted light guide structure ((1-3) in Fig. 1) includes the PBS (Polarization Beam Splitter) method ((2-1) in Fig. 2) and the prism method ((2-2) in Fig. 2) that sends a beam to the eye pupil through internal reflection of a planar light guide, as shown in Fig. 2. The PBS method structure ((2-1) in Fig. 2) has the difficulty of having to be manufactured by bonding dozens of layers of special partial coatings on each segmented PBS surface so that the beam from each mirror can be uniformly emitted, and also has the disadvantage that it can only be manufactured with limited materials such as glass, making it difficult to mass-produce with a mold structure. On the other hand, the prism method structure ((2-2) in Fig. 2) can be manufactured with a mold structure, so the material is also easy to use as plastic. However, these two planar light guide methods have the disadvantage that the PBS or prism pattern is visually visible when the lens group is placed far away from the eye through total internal reflection, which limits the field of view (FOV) expansion.

[0013] In addition, the existing method had a limited field of view that determined the image size because it was a structure that reflected within the effective range of a partial PBS mirror or prism mirror that changed the path so that the light could be directed toward the pupil through total internal reflection of the planar light guide. As shown in Fig. 3, the effective segment partial PBS mirror range ((3-1) in Fig. 3) or prism mirror range ((3-2) in Fig. 3) is limited in relation to the thickness of the planar light guide in order to arrange the range where the beams do not overlap due to internal reflection. Therefore, there are severe limitations in further increasing the field of view through internal reflection because the eye movement box (EMB) range, where the desired image performance is maintained despite the change in the eye spacing and pupil movement, must also be considered. In addition, the segment partial PBS mirror or prism mirror structure has a prominent visual pattern, which is aesthetically pleasing and is a subject of design consideration.

[0014] Hereinafter, an electronic device having a glasses-type structure (glass type) will be described with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates an electronic device having a glasses-type structure.

[0015] As illustrated in (4-1) of FIG. 4, an electronic device (10) having a glasses-type structure may include an optical driving unit (200). The optical driving unit (200) may be provided on at least one side frame of a pair of side frames (120). The optical driving unit (200) may be configured to include an image source panel and a lens unit. The image source panel, for example, is a display panel as described above and may generate an image that can be viewed by a user through the electronic device (10). The lens unit may magnify the image generated by the image source panel so that the image is visible to the user. The magnified image may be transmitted to the user's eyes through the light guide (310) as described above. Meanwhile, the electronic device (10) may also be provided with a lens (320) for vision correction.

[0016] Although the above electronic device (10) has a glasses-type structure, it may be burdensome to the user in terms of size and weight when worn for a long period of time.

[0017] To solve such a problem, an electronic device (10) of a glasses-type structure in which the vision correction lens (320) and / or a corresponding transparent substrate are integrally formed with at least a part of the optical driving unit (200), as shown in (4-2) of FIG. 4, has recently been introduced.

[0018] In particular, in order to further reduce the size and / or weight of the electronic device (10), a pinhole array may be used instead of the lens unit in the optical driving unit (200).

[0019] Even if the pinhole array is provided instead of the lens unit for the optical driving unit (200) of the electronic device (10), research on a method for improving the image quality shown to the user is necessary.

[0020] The present disclosure is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems and various problems related thereto, and aims to provide an electronic device such as a wearable display having a pinhole array configured to further improve the image quality of an image shown to a user.

[0021] In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device including a transparent substrate, a light source module array provided on a first surface of the transparent substrate and having a plurality of light source modules arranged in a grid structure, a pinhole array provided on a second surface of the transparent substrate and having a plurality of micro cluster pinholes arranged to correspond to each of the plurality of light source modules, and an optical driving unit that controls the light source module array, wherein a light beam according to an image generated by the optical driving unit is irradiated from the light source module array and provided to a user through the pinhole array.

[0022] Each microcluster pinhole may include multiple micropinholes.

[0023] Each micro pinhole has a hexagonal opening, and the plurality of micro pinholes can be arranged such that the spacing between adjacent micro pinholes is the same.

[0024] The ratio between the diameter of each micro-pinhole and the spacing between adjacent micro-pinholes can be from 1:1 to 1:20.

[0025] The diameter of the above micro pinholes may be 5 μm to 100 μm, and the distance between the above micro pinholes may be 5 μm to 2000 μm.

[0026] The spacing between each microcluster pinhole and its neighboring microcluster pinholes may be 1:1.8 to 1:2.2.

[0027] The diameter of each microcluster pinhole may be 100 μm to 1500 μm, and the spacing between adjacent microcluster pinholes may be 200 μm to 3000 μm.

[0028] As one moves from the center of the pinhole array to the outside, the spacing between adjacent micro-cluster pinholes may increase.

[0029] Each microcluster pinhole can be formed by stacking at least two layers.

[0030] Each layer may be provided with a plurality of micro-pinholes, and at least two layers may be stacked such that at least a portion of each micro-pinhole overlaps or is covered.

[0031] The micro-pinholes in one layer may differ from the micro-pinholes in another layer in at least one of shape, size, and spacing.

[0032] Each light source module may be composed of a cluster of light source elements.

[0033] Each light source element may include an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) element, an LCD (liquid crystal display) element, an OLED (organic light emitting diode) element, a DMD (digital micromirror device) element, a Micro LED (light emitting diode) element, and a QD (quantum dot) LED element.

[0034] The above electronic device is a wearable display, and the transparent substrate may be arranged so that the first side of the wearable display faces the outside and the second side faces the user when the wearable display is worn.

[0035] The above wearable display includes a front frame and a side frame, the transparent substrate may be provided on the front frame, and the optical driving unit may be provided on the side frame.

[0036] The above transparent substrate may be flat or have a predetermined curvature.

[0037] The above electronic device may further include an image splitting circuit that splits an image generated by the optical driving unit and transmits it to individual light source modules.

[0038] The scale of the above grid structure can be determined based on at least one of the distance between the light source module array and the user's pupil, pupil size, and light wavelength band.

[0039] The effects of the electronic device according to the present disclosure are described as follows.

[0040] According to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, there is an advantage in that the image quality shown to the user is further improved and an image with a wide field of view (FOV) can be provided.

[0041] Figure 1 illustrates examples of wearable displays.

[0042] Figure 2 illustrates examples of wearable displays using a planar light guide method.

[0043] Figure 3 illustrates the field of view (FOV) of a wearable display using a flat light guide method.

[0044] Figure 4 illustrates an electronic device having a glasses-type structure.

[0045] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a display portion of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 7 illustrates a first surface of a transparent substrate of a display portion of an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG. 8 illustrates segmented images output from a light source module array and an entire image visible to a user through a pinhole array according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a pinhole array of an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Hereinafter, embodiments disclosed in this specification will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Regardless of the drawing numbers, identical or similar components will be given the same reference numbers and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. The suffixes "module" and "part" used for components in the following description are assigned or used interchangeably only for the convenience of writing the specification, and do not in themselves have distinct meanings or roles. In addition, when describing the embodiments disclosed in this specification, if it is determined that a specific description of a related known technology may obscure the gist of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the attached drawings are only intended to facilitate easy understanding of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, and the technical ideas disclosed in this specification are not limited by the attached drawings, and should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

[0051] Terms that include ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one component from another.

[0052] When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but that there may be other components intervening. Conversely, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components intervening.

[0053] Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0054] In this application, terms such as “include” or “have” are intended to specify the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, part or combination thereof described in the specification, but should be understood not to exclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof.

[0055] Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 5, an electronic device having a glasses-type structure including a pinhole array will be described. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] As illustrated in FIG. 5, the electronic device (10) may include a frame (100), an optical driving unit (200), and a display unit (300).

[0057] The above electronic device (10) may be provided as a glass type (smart glass). The above glass type electronic device (10) is configured to be wearable on the head of the human body and may be provided with a frame (case, housing, etc.) (100) for this purpose. The frame (100) may be formed of a flexible material to facilitate wear.

[0058] The above frame (100) is supported by the head and provides a space for mounting various components. As illustrated in FIG. 5, electronic components such as an optical driving unit (200), a user input unit (130), or an audio output unit (140) may be mounted on the frame (100). In addition, a lens covering at least one of the left and right eyes may be detachably mounted on the frame (100).

[0059] The above frame (100) may have a form of glasses worn on the face of the user's body as shown in FIG. 5, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and may also have a form of goggles or the like worn in close contact with the user's face.

[0060] Such a frame (100) may include a front frame (110) having at least one opening and a pair of side frames (120) extending in a first direction (y) intersecting the front frame (110) and being parallel to each other.

[0061] The optical driving unit (200) can control various electronic components provided in the electronic device (10). The optical driving unit (200) may not include an image source panel. The image source panel may be provided in the display unit (300). This will be described later.

[0062] The optical driving unit (200) may be fixed to one of the two side frames (120). For example, the optical driving unit (200) may be fixed to the inside or outside of one of the side frames (120), or may be integrally formed by being built into the inside of one of the side frames (120). Alternatively, the optical driving unit (200) may be fixed to the front frame (110) or may be provided separately from the electronic device (10).

[0063] The display unit (300) may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted display (HMD). The HMD form refers to a display method that is mounted on the head and directly displays an image in front of the user's eyes. When the user wears the electronic device (10), the display unit (300) may be positioned to correspond to at least one of the left and right eyes so that the image can be directly provided in front of the user's eyes. FIG. 5 illustrates an example in which the display unit (300) is positioned in a portion corresponding to the right eye so that the image can be output toward the user's right eye.

[0064] The above display unit (300) can allow the user to visually perceive external scenery while simultaneously displaying an image generated under the control of the optical driving unit (200) to the user.

[0065] The electronic device (10) may have a display area (303) on the display unit (300) instead of the image source panel. That is, the display area (303) may function as the image source panel. The display area (303) may be configured as a light source module array. Each light source module (313) in the light source module array (303) may include a light source element that implements a single pixel, or may include a light source element that implements hundreds to thousands of pixel clusters. The light source element may be understood as a micro light source element.

[0066] The above light source element may include an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) element, an LCD (liquid crystal display) element, an OLED (organic light emitting diode) element, a DMD (digital micromirror device), and may also include next-generation display elements such as a Micro LED (light emitting diode) and a QD (quantum dot) LED.

[0067] Image data generated in the optical driving unit (200) is transmitted as an image signal to the light source module array (303) along the conductive input line (316), and the light source module array (303) can convert the image signal into light (or light beam) and irradiate it to the user's eyes.

[0068] A plurality of light source modules (313) constituting the light source module array (303) may be arranged in a lattice structure (or a diamond structure, a zigzag structure, etc.). The scale of the lattice structure may vary depending on at least one of the distance between the light source module array (303) and the user's pupil, the pupil size, and the light wavelength band. Since the plurality of light source modules (313) are implemented in a fine size with a lattice structure, they can provide a wide field of view (FOV) without damaging the appearance of the electronic device (10).

[0069] The image signal generated in the optical driving unit (200) is transmitted to the image splitting circuit (315) provided on one side of the display area (303) through the conductive input line (316), and is divided into a plurality of branches in the image splitting circuit (315) and transmitted to the light source module (313) arranged for each branch. The image splitting circuit (315) is located outside the user's visual range to minimize gaze interference. Each of the divided images divided by the image splitting circuit (315) is output by an individual light source module (313), and the divided images can implement one image (hereinafter, the entire image) as a whole.

[0070] Hereinafter, the display unit (300) will be examined in more detail with reference to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the display unit of an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0071] The light source module array (303) may be provided on a first surface of a transparent substrate (301) of the display unit (300). The first surface may be a surface facing away from a user. The light source module array (303) may be composed of a plurality of light source modules (313) arranged in a grid structure. The transparent substrate (301) may be composed of a planar surface or a surface having a predetermined curvature. The transparent substrate (301) may include at least one of a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, and a metal substrate.

[0072] The spacing between the plurality of light source modules (313) in the light source module array (303) may be uniform. Alternatively, the spacing between the plurality of light source modules (313) may become increasingly larger as the distance from the center of the light source module array (303) moves outward.

[0073] The above light source module (313) can output the segmented image (323) so as to have a directionality toward the user (i.e., toward the user's eyes).

[0074] The light source element of the above light source module (313) can be configured to have a size of several hundred um or less, and can be configured to have a special wavelength band depending on the purpose as well as the visible light range.

[0075] The above light source module array (303) can be configured to irradiate a light beam having a predetermined orientation angle in a uniform pattern shape.

[0076] Meanwhile, a pinhole array (305) may be provided on the second surface of the transparent substrate (301) of the display unit (300). The pinhole array (305) may be understood as a type of optical array. It may be a surface opposite the first surface of the second surface, which is closer to the user. The pinhole array (305) may be understood as an array in which a plurality of pinholes (315) for light transmission are formed in a certain pattern on a light-blocking layer. The pinholes (315) may be understood as a type of optical element.

[0077] Each of the plurality of light source modules (313) may correspond one-to-one to each of the plurality of pinholes (315). That is, each pinhole (315) may be aligned with each light source module (313) in a radial direction from the user's pupil toward the display unit (300). Accordingly, segmented images (323) from each light source module (313) may be output as one entire image (325) to the user's pupil through each pinhole (315). The user may view the image based on the pinhole effect. The term "pinhole" is derived from the fact that the hole through which an object is viewed appears to be pierced with a pin, and the pinhole effect refers to the phenomenon in which light passing through a small hole appears more distinct due to a deeper depth of field (DOF).

[0078] The planar shape of each pinhole may be circular, or may be polygonal, such as square or pentagonal. The light source for the pinhole array (305) may have a wavelength band in the visible light range, and may range from a laser light source with a narrow wavelength bandwidth to a natural light source with a wide wavelength bandwidth. The medium through which light passes within the pinhole may be composed of a transparent material such as glass or plastic, in addition to air (transmittance n = 1).

[0079] Accordingly, the display unit (300) can enable a user to visually perceive an external scene while simultaneously viewing an image generated under the control of the optical driving unit (200).

[0080] The plurality of light source modules (313) may serve as image source panels within the optical driving unit (200) of the electronic device (10) of FIG. 4, and the plurality of pinholes (315) may serve as lens units within the optical driving unit (200) of the electronic device (10) of FIG. 4.

[0081] Hereinafter, the light source module array (303) will be examined in more detail with reference to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 illustrates a first surface of a transparent substrate of a display portion of an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0082] As illustrated in FIG. 7, the light source module array (303) may be provided in a predetermined size on a predetermined area on the first surface of the transparent substrate (301) of the display unit (300). In FIG. 7, the predetermined area is a rectangular area at the center of the first surface of the transparent substrate (301), and the predetermined size is illustrated as being 30 mm wide and 20 mm long, but this is merely an example and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0083] In the light source module array (303), the plurality of light source modules (313) may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals according to a pattern such as a grid or diamond. In the pinhole array (305), the plurality of pinholes (315) may be spaced apart and arranged to correspond to each of the plurality of light source modules (313). The pattern of the plurality of light source modules (313) may be the same as the pattern of the plurality of pinholes (315). In FIG. 7, the predetermined interval is illustrated as 1 mm, but this is merely an example and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Each light source module (313) may be composed of a single pixel element or may be composed of elements for hundreds to thousands of pixel clusters.

[0084] Hereinafter, referring to FIG. 8, we will examine the segmented images output from the light source module array (303) (i.e., each light source module (313)) and the entire image that is visible to the user through the pinhole array (305). FIG. 8 illustrates the segmented images output from the light source module array and the entire image that is visible to the user through the pinhole array according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0085] As shown in (8-1) of Fig. 8, each of the segmented images can be output through each light source module (313) of the corresponding light source module array (303).

[0086] In this case, each segmented image output by each light source module (313) can be irradiated to the user's pupil through the corresponding pinhole (315) of the pinhole array (305). The segmented images passing through the pinhole (315) can be displayed to the user as a full image as in (8-2) of FIG. 8.

[0087] However, noise may be generated in the segmented image that passes through the pinhole array (305) and is visible to the user depending on the characteristics of the pinhole array (305), which will be further described with reference to Fig. 9. Fig. 9 illustrates a pinhole array of an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0088] As shown in (9-1) of Fig. 9, when the segmented image output from each light source module (313) passes through a pinhole (315), noise (N) may be generated depending on the characteristics of the pinhole array (305).

[0089] The planar shape (e.g., circular, etc.) of the above pinhole (315) must be geometrically perfect, as illustrated in (9-2) of Fig. 9. The diameter of the pinhole (315) is indicated as D.

[0090] However, when actually manufacturing the pinhole array (305), the planar shape of the pinhole (315) may not be geometrically perfect, as illustrated in (9-3) of FIG. 9. That is, there may be fine unevenness (315A) on the edge of the pinhole (315), and the resulting diffraction may cause the noise (N). In addition, unintended impurities (315B) may exist within the opening of the pinhole (315), and the resulting diffraction may cause the noise (N). Although not illustrated, the light-blocking layer outside the opening of the pinhole (315) may not be perfect in light-blocking, and may cause some light to unintentionally transmit, thereby causing the noise (N).

[0091] The DOF of light passing through the pinhole (315) deepens in inverse proportion to the diameter (D) of the pinhole (315). However, the noise (N) becomes darker and clearer as the diameter (D) of the pinhole (315) decreases. However, when the diameter (D) of the pinhole (315) is increased, the noise (N) is reduced, but the DOF becomes shallower, thereby reducing the effect of the pinhole (310).

[0092] Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 10, a pinhole array capable of reducing the above noise will be described. FIG. 10 illustrates a pinhole array of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For ease of explanation, each pinhole (315) according to FIG. 9 will be referred to as a single pinhole hereinafter.

[0093] As illustrated in (10-1) of FIG. 10, instead of each single pinhole (315) of the pinhole array (305), a micro cluster pinhole (315C) may be formed. That is, instead of the plurality of single pinholes (315) in the pinhole array (305), a plurality of micro cluster pinholes (315C) may be formed. Each micro cluster pinhole (315C) may be composed of a cluster of a plurality of micro pinholes.

[0094] When the aperture (D) of the above-described micro cluster pinholes (315C, 315C-1, 315C-2) is the same as the aperture (D) of the above-described single pinhole (315), the DOF expansion effect can be the same. However, the noise (n1, n2, n3, n4, ...) generated from each micro pinhole overlaps with each other and causes destructive interference, so that the overall noise (Nt) can be reduced compared to the case of the single pinhole (315).

[0095] Examples of the planar shapes of the above-described micro cluster pinholes (315C) are as shown in (10-2) to (10-5) of Fig. 10. (10-2) to (10-5) of Fig. 10 illustrate exemplary planar shapes of each micro cluster pinhole (315C).

[0096] As illustrated in (10-2) to (10-4) of FIG. 10, the plurality of micro pinholes (315D-1, 315D-2, 315D-3) constituting each micro cluster pinhole (315C-1, 315C-2, 315-C3) may be uniformly distributed. However, the plurality of micro pinholes (315D-1, 315D-2, 315D-3) constituting each micro cluster pinhole (315C-1, 315C-2, 315-C3) do not have to be uniformly distributed. Each micro cluster pinhole (315C, 315C-1, 315C-2) may be configured so that the micro pinholes are most densely packed in the center and become less dense toward the outside.

[0097] The size of each micro-pinhole does not necessarily have to be the same. Each micro-pinhole may be different.

[0098] An example of a case where each micro pinhole has a different size is as illustrated in (10-4) of Fig. 10. Each micro cluster pinhole (315-C3) may have a structure in which small micro pinholes (315D-3S) are arranged between large micro pinholes (315D-3L). The large micro pinholes (315D-3L) generate low-frequency noise, while the small micro pinholes (315D-3S) generate high-frequency noise. The large micro pinholes (315D-3L) and the small micro pinholes (315D-3S) arranged in this way can also overlap micro noise, thereby enhancing the noise reduction effect.

[0099] Another example of a case where the sizes of each micro pinhole are different is as illustrated in (10-5) of Fig. 10. The micro pinholes at the center of each micro cluster pinhole (315C-4) may be configured to have larger sizes and the micro pinholes extending outward may have smaller sizes. In addition, the spacing between the micro pinholes may also vary. For example, the spacing between the micro pinholes at the center of each micro cluster pinhole (315C-4) may be small (or large), and the spacing between the micro pinholes extending outward may be large (or small).

[0100] Such micro-cluster pinholes (315C-4) can superimpose noises of various frequencies and increase the noise reduction effect by superimposing more high-frequency noises in a small-sized micro-pinhole.

[0101] The plurality of micro pinholes may be distributed according to a pattern such as a grid, diamond, or zigzag. Alternatively, the plurality of micro pinholes may be distributed completely irregularly.

[0102] The planar shape of the above-described micro pinholes can be implemented in various ways. For example, as illustrated in (10-2), (10-4), and (10-5) of FIG. 10, the planar shape (i.e., the planar shape of the opening) of each micro pinhole (315D-1, 315D-1, 315D-3, 315D-4) may be circular. Alternatively, as illustrated in (10-3) of FIG. 10, the planar shape (i.e., the planar shape of the opening) of each micro pinhole (315D-2) may be hexagonal. Of course, other shapes than circular and hexagonal (e.g., polygons such as squares and pentagons) are also possible.

[0103] When the planar shape of each micro pinhole (315D-1, 315D-3, 315D-4) is circular, the spacing between the plurality of micro pinholes (315D-1, 315D-3, 315D-4) may not be uniform, so the noise overlap between them may not be uniform.

[0104] However, when the planar shape of each micro pinhole (315D-2) is hexagonal, there is an advantage in that the spacing between the plurality of micro pinholes (315D-2) is uniform, so that the noise overlap between them can be uniform.

[0105] The diameter (D) of each microcluster pinhole may be 100 μm to 1500 μm. In addition, the distance between adjacent microcluster pinholes may be 200 μm to 3000 μm, and may vary in proportion to the diameter (D) of each microcluster pinhole.

[0106] The noise superposition effect was good when the ratio between the diameter (D) of each microcluster pinhole and the separation distance between neighboring microcluster pinholes was 1:1.8 to 1:2.2, and it was experimentally shown that the noise superposition effect was the best when the ratio was 1:2.

[0107] Additionally, the diameter of each micro pinhole can be varied in proportion to the diameter (D) of each micro cluster pinhole, from 5 μm to 100 μm. Additionally, the distance between adjacent micro pinholes can be varied in proportion to the diameter of each micro pinhole, from 5 μm to 2000 μm.

[0108] It was experimentally shown that the noise superposition effect was good when the ratio between the aperture of each micro-pinhole and the spacing between neighboring micro-pinholes was 1:1 to 1:20.

[0109] In a microcluster pinhole, at least one of the aperture of each micropinhole and the spacing between adjacent micropinholes does not necessarily have to be the same as a whole. In a microcluster pinhole, at least one of the aperture of each micropinhole and the spacing between adjacent micropinholes may be configured to be different within the above ratio. In addition, in a microcluster pinhole, the depth of each micropinhole (i.e., the length of the light transmitting medium in the micropinhole) may be configured to be different. In this case, the noise superposition effect may be more excellent. In addition, the planar shape of the multiple micropinholes in a microcluster pinhole does not necessarily have to be the same, and may be configured as a combination of various shapes. Furthermore, the transmittance of the multiple micropinholes in a microcluster pinhole does not necessarily have to be the same, and may be configured as a combination of various transmittances.

[0110] Furthermore, the micro-cluster pinholes do not have to be composed of just one layer. The micro-cluster pinholes may be formed by stacking two or more layers, each comprising a plurality of micro-pinholes, such that at least a portion of each micro-pinhole overlaps or obscures the other. At least one of the shape, size, and spacing between the micro-pinholes of each layer may be different. For example, when two layers are stacked to form the micro-cluster pinholes, the micro-pinholes of one layer may be circular, and the micro-pinholes of the other layer may be hexagonal. Similarly, the size and spacing between the micro-pinholes may be different for each layer.

[0111] At least one of the size and shape of the micro-pinhole may be configured to actively change. For example, the micro-pinhole may be composed of high-resolution electronic ink, and at least one of the size and shape of the micro-pinhole may be configured to actively change in response to a control signal applied to the electronic ink from the optical driver (200). Accordingly, at least one of the size and shape of the micro-pinhole may be adjusted to minimize the noise depending on the wavelength of the light source.

[0112] The above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect and should be considered illustrative only. The scope of the present invention should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Transparent substrate; A light source module array provided on the first surface of the transparent substrate, wherein a plurality of light source modules are arranged in a grid structure; A pinhole array provided on the second surface of the transparent substrate and having a plurality of micro cluster pinholes arranged to correspond to each of the plurality of light source modules; and An optical driving unit for controlling the above light source module array is included; An electronic device in which a light beam according to an image generated by the optical driving unit is irradiated from the light source module array and provided to a user through the pinhole array.

2. In paragraph 1, An electronic device characterized in that each microcluster pinhole comprises a plurality of micropinholes.

3. In paragraph 2, An electronic device characterized in that each micro pinhole has a hexagonal opening, and the plurality of micro pinholes are arranged such that the spacing between adjacent micro pinholes is the same.

4. In paragraph 2, An electronic device characterized in that the ratio between the diameter of each micro-pinhole and the distance between adjacent micro-pinholes is 1:1 to 1:

20.

5. In paragraph 4, An electronic device characterized in that the diameter of the micro pinholes is 5 μm to 100 μm, and the spacing between the micro pinholes is 5 μm to 2000 μm.

6. In paragraph 5, An electronic device characterized in that the spacing between each microcluster pinhole and its neighboring microcluster pinholes is 1:1.8 to 1:2.

2.

7. In paragraph 6, An electronic device characterized in that the diameter of each microcluster pinhole is 100 μm to 1500 μm, and the spacing between adjacent microcluster pinholes is 200 μm to 3000 μm.

8. In paragraph 7, An electronic device characterized in that the spacing between adjacent micro-cluster pinholes increases as one moves from the center of each micro-cluster pinhole to the outside.

9. In paragraph 1, An electronic device characterized in that each microcluster pinhole is formed in a manner in which at least two layers are stacked.

10. In paragraph 9, An electronic device characterized in that each layer has a plurality of micro-pinholes, and at least two layers are stacked so that at least a portion of each micro-pinhole overlaps or is covered.

11. In paragraph 10, An electronic device characterized in that the micro-pinholes of one layer differ from the micro-pinholes of another layer in at least one of shape, size, and spacing.

12. In paragraph 1, An electronic device characterized in that each light source module is composed of a cluster of light source elements.

13. In paragraph 12, each light source element, An electronic device comprising an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) device, an LCD (liquid crystal display) device, an OLED (organic light emitting diode) device, a DMD (digital micromirror device) device, a Micro LED (light emitting diode) device, and a QD (quantum dot) LED device.

14. In paragraph 1, The above electronic device is a wearable display, An electronic device characterized in that the transparent substrate is arranged so that the first side of the wearable display faces the outside and the second side faces the user when the wearable display is worn.

15. In paragraph 14, The above wearable display includes a front frame and a side frame, An electronic device characterized in that the transparent substrate is provided on the front frame, and the optical driving unit is provided on the side frame.

16. In paragraph 15, An electronic device characterized in that the transparent substrate is flat or has a predetermined curvature.

17. In paragraph 1, An electronic device characterized in that it further includes an image splitting circuit that splits the image generated by the optical driving unit and transmits it to individual light source modules.

18. In paragraph 1, An electronic device characterized in that the scale of the grid structure is determined based on at least one of the distance between the light source module array and the user's pupil, pupil size, and light wavelength band.

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