The compounds to combat fungal and bacterial with plant disease

Abstract

The invention method and compounds required to combat fungal and bacterial diseases as well as plant pathogens causing disease in agricultural products and controlling pest populations with the ability to control the amount of ice crystals formed based on the disinfectant and antibacterial compounds of hypochlorous acid which is related to a method to control and eliminate fungal, bacterial and ice-producing bacteria Pseudomonas syringae in plants with the ability to affect plant diseases without creating resistance, through the dissolution of hypochlorous acid with water solvent. The mechanism of action of hypochlorous acid is oxidation; The oxidation mechanism involves electron transfer, hypochlorous acid breaks sulfhydryl bonds (H-S) and sulfide bonds (S-S) in proteins and enzymes and causes the destruction of the cell wall, thus oxidizing the outer membrane of bacterial cells, endospores, yeasts and mold spores, and in this way, performs the disinfection action.

Description

[0001] TITLE OF INVENTION

[0002] THE COMPOUNDS TO COMBAT FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL WITH PLANT DISEASE

[0003] TECHNICAL FILED OF THE INVENTION The present invention is related to the compounds and the manner of preparation of the compounds and also relates to a method to produce hypochlorous acid compounds as a controlled oxidizing agent of amino acids in the membrane of unicellular organisms as well as fungi and bacteria, including ice nucleating bacteria such as Pseudomonas syringae and it is also related to the effect of hypochlorous acid compounds equipped with securer and preservative additives and also related to the method of consumption of the said compounds in different terms and seasons and also related to the effect of using hypochlorous disinfectant compound along with nonionic surfactants to control the decomposition rate of hypochlorous acid as well as the uniform distribution of effective compounds on the surface of leaves, fruits and plant parts to have a maximum impact on unicellular organisms, including the prokaryotes family, it is also related to the method of pest control based on the oxidation of pest eggshells and the controlling the population of eukaryotes. TECHNICAL PROBLEMS

[0004] Todays, the agricultural industry is a strategic and influential industry in the lives of human beings more than ever. Food security as a very important parameter in government planning and the future research of planning systems has been placed at the top of the requirements of political and economic structure. In most cases, the problems of conflicts between people and different societies have led to the provision of strategic food interests.

[0005] In this regard, increasing the production efficiency of agricultural products on one hand and the quality of produced products on the other hand are known as critical points in the agricultural industry. In simpler words, the issue of quantity and quality in agricultural products is very important.

[0006] In this regard, the scholars and several people are always trying to increase the production efficiency of agricultural products along with improving the quality of such products.

[0007] Over prolonged centuries, mankind has used many different methods to control pests and plant diseases that endanger their food supply, fiber and health. But today, due to the increasing need for agricultural products and food products due to excessive population growth, chemical combat and the use of agricultural pesticides perform a major role in protecting plants and agricultural products from damage. As this method is used far more than other combatting methods and often due to the lack of familiarity of the users of chemical poisons with the correct principles of fighting, this work is done incompletely or indiscriminately, as the result, in addition to not achieving the desired result in the long term, it causes the natural balance to be disrupted and leaves harmful effects on the environment as well as the health of farmers and community members. Human exposure to the said hazardous conditions (whether unintentional, accidental or unavoidable), in fact, following the use of agricultural pesticide or their residues in environments such as air, water, soil, plants and animals (especially food) and inanimate objects that can have adverse effects on human health, including carcinogenesis, carcinogenicity, and genetic mutations. Also, today there is no type of agricultural pesticide that is completely safe for the environment and for the human health. Another problem that should be mentioned is that, actually, excessive use of agricultural pesticides causes many pests and plant disease agents to become resistant to pesticides, on the other hand, these pesticides remain in the environment after use. Considering the creating resistance in a wide range of diseases and the lack of effect of various agricultural pesticides and the problems caused by it, it is noteworthy that hypochlorous acid based compounds can eliminate pests and plant diseases without creating resistance in them. Now, copper compounds are used to fight some fungi and bacteria, which besides being harmful to the environment, in high doses, copper compounds cause poisoning and lead to environmental pollution.

[0008] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to use a method to combat a wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases and the Pseudomonas syringae bacterium that causes the ice nucleus to prevent spring frostbite by using compounds based on hypochlorous acid, which can be effective without remaining in the environment (residue) and is also non-toxic and environmentally friendly, that the results of its use can be mentioned as preventing the occurrence of various types of cancer and factors that threaten human health.

[0009] Generally, agricultural pesticides have a very long life cycle and sometimes cannot be decomposed. Common methods of using agricultural pesticides are mainly used to control the population of pests, including unicellular and multicellular pests. These types of compounds are generally based on very toxic mineral substances or complex aromatic compounds or heavy molecules containing deadly metal salts.

[0010] In the meantime, due to the nature of agricultural products, it is inevitable that the mentioned substances enter into the parts of the plants and the transfer of the mentioned pesticides to the products and then the transfer of the pesticides to the consumer's body. The entry of aromatic compounds into the products can cause gene mutations in cells and cause cell abnormalities including cancer or other problems by entering the human body or other animals consuming the said products.

[0011] So far, a lot of research has been done to use various compounds to control the pest population. In some cases, the use of biological methods, plant compounds, and also plant resistance by making genetic changes have been seen in them.

[0012] Also, the use of common chemical methods based on the controlled consumption of substances is another proposed method.

[0013] The use of oxidizers and disinfectants based on metal salts, including copper sulfate, also has a long history, however, in most of the mentioned cases and in cases where metal compounds are used, the existence of residue and remaining materials can be observed in the products. On the other hand, the use of disinfectants in a limited way and in the form of peracetic acid compounds has been proposed in some cases.

[0014] But the control of the pest population and also the destruction of harmful microorganisms by hypochlorous acid in the field of agriculture have no previous history, which has been reduced due to the high rate of decomposition of hypochlorous acid and the impossibility of membrane oxidant.

[0015] In this regard, the previous researches as well as the registered inventions that have been presented to some extent in the mentioned field and a path for the advancement of the technology of using oxidizing agents in pest population control are presented below. Among these patent can mention to a Japanese invention with publication number JP2011173858A which is filed dated 16 / 03 / 2010 titled “Hypochlorous acid-based germicidal disinfectant, and method and apparatus for preparing the same” provide a germicidal disinfectant containing sodium hypochlorite, exerting excellent germicidal disinfectant action without adding a water-soluble acidic material, greatly decreasing the generation of chlorine gas in preparation and safely producible; to provide a preparation method therefor; and to provide a preparation apparatus. The germicidal disinfectant is prepared by removing sodium ions with a cation exchanger from an aqueous solution containing sodium hypochlorite and setting the molar ratio of the sodium ion to the active chlorine wherein the pH during use is 3-8. The disinfectant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the effective chlorine concentration at the time of use is 10 to 1,000 ppm.

[0016] And in another Japanese invention with publication number JP2003181338A which is filed dated 20 / 12 / 2001 titled “Hypochlorous acid forming sprayer” provide a hypochlorous acid forming sprayer capable of spraying a solution of hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof on a spray object as a solution with liquidity having high sterilizing effect corresponding to the spray object, dispensing with the storage of the solution of hypochlorous acid or the salt thereof in the liquid container of the sprayer and enhanced in safety from a handling aspect. The hypochlorous acid forming sprayer 1 comprises the liquid container 3 housing the solution S of the chlorine compound and a sprayer (trigger sprayer 4) for sucking the solution S from the liquid container 3 to spray the same. The trigger sprayer has an electrode 16 for electrolyzing the solution S provided therein and sprays the solution S' of hypochlorous acid or the salt thereof formed by electrolysis. According to claim lof this invention, the atomizing device comprises an atomizing nozzle and an electric pump for pressure-feeding the solution to the atomizing nozzle, and an electrode is provided in the atomizing nozzle.

[0017] Also in a Japanese invention with patent number JP2007526244A which is granted dated 22 / 06 / 2011 titled “Biocides and equipment” a method for controlling the growth of microorganisms or biofilms, comprising mixing a hypochlorite oxidant and at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from a specific group of nitrogen-containing compounds and salts or a salt thereof. A method comprising the steps of forming a biocide and spraying the biocide. An apparatus for performing this method is also provided. This invention also comprise a salt of the general formula Y x- [NH 2 R 3 R 4 ] + x or a mixture of such salts and hypochlorous acid A biocide is formed by mixing with an aqueous solution of a chlorinating agent.

[0018] Another Japanese invention with publication number JP2009274950A which is filed dated 29 / 06 / 2009 titled “Method for preparing molecular hypochlorous acid solution” provide a technique for preparing a molecular hypochlorous acid solution in which a trihalomethane is hardly produced even when being brought into contact with organic matter, and production of chloric acid is minimum even when it is preserved, salts are not contained at all and which has high sterilizing power, and to provide a molecular hypochlorous acid solution. A hypochlorous acid solution is treated with a hydrogen ion exchange type action exchange resin so as to substitute the metal ions with hydrogen ions, thereafter, the treated solution is treated with a hydroxide ion exchange type anion exchange resin so as to substitute chlorine ions with hydroxide ions, thus a molecular hypochlorous acid solution is prepared. In particular, sodium hypochlorite is used in most areas of food production, distribution and provision, as well as water supply facilities, wastewater treatment, swimming pools, hot springs, public baths, medical care, nursing care, agriculture and fisheries, and general households.

[0019] Also another Japanese invention with JP2016086756A which is filed dated 06 / 11 / 2014 titled “Production method of sterilized vegetables” provide a production method of sterilized vegetables with a long shelf life excellent in keeping quality by performing sterilization using an inexpensive chlorine-based sterilant, in which chlorine smell remaining in the vegetables can be removed with a small amount of water, an occurrence of browning is suppressed, and freshness is maintained. A production method of sterilized vegetables includes a sterilization step for sterilizing vegetables by causing the vegetables to contact a chlorine-based sterilant in a sterilizing device, and a heat shock step for performing heat shock treatment by causing the vegetables sterilized in the sterilization step to contact warm water in a heat shock device. Thereby, it is possible to provide the production method of sterilized vegetables in which sterilization is performed using an inexpensive chlorine-based sterilant, and chlorine smell remaining in the vegetables can be removed with a small amount of water so that the sterilized vegetables with a long shelf life excellent in keeping quality can be produced in which an occurrence of browning is suppressed, and freshness is maintained.

[0020] Also in a Korean invention with patent number KR101297712B1 which is granted dated 20 / 08 / 2013 titled “Biocide / disinfection agent containing hypochlorous acid water and soy protein” provides a bactericidal disinfectant prepared by adding soy protein in an amount of 4 to 10 mg / L to 0.5 ppm to 2,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid water. The disinfectant disinfectant according to claim 1, wherein the hypochlorous acid is obtained by electrolyzing hydrochloric acid in a membrane- free electrolytic cell composed of an anode and a cathode. Hypochlorite water contained in the disinfectant disinfectant of the present invention is an aqueous solution obtained by electrolyzing hydrochloric acid in a membrane-free electrolytic cell composed of an anode and a cathode which are not separated by a diaphragm. The present invention relates to hypochlorous acid water produced by a hypochlorous acid production system for effectively sterilizing objects hygienically, ranging from drinking water, such as drinking water to food, medicine. In particular, the present invention relates to hypochlorous acid water produced by the production system of hypochlorous acid (HC1), which has a high toxicity and sterilization effect using an electrolytic cell without a diaphragm. This invention relates to a disinfectant disinfectant and a method for disinfecting the target product using hypochlorous acid water, and more particularly, to increase the sterilizing power and disinfecting power of a chemical disinfectant whose component is hypochlorite water.

[0021] Another Korean invention with publication number KR20190028712A which is filed dated 22 / 06 / 2017 titled “Inactivation of high resistant infectious microorganisms and proteins by non-buffered hypohalous acid compositions” relates to a method of sterilization of a subject, a method of inactivating an infectious protein, and a method of inactivating a microbial pathogen using a nonbuffering, electrolytic, hypohalous acid composition. The composition comprises hypochlorous acid at a concentration of about 5 to about 500 mg / L and has a pH of about 3.2 to about 6.0 and an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of about +1000 millivolts. Generally, the present invention provides a method for the inactivation of high resistant infectious agents on surfaces or suspensions, biological fluids or tissues upon exposure to solutions, gels, mist or vapors containing stable, non-buffered solutions of hypohalous acids.

[0022] Also in a Taiwanese invention with patent number TWI439423B which is granted dated 01 / 06 / 2014 titled “Method for sterilizing and killing algae” relates to an oxidizing agent for killing and sterilizing in various water systems such as a cooling water system, a pulp processing water system, a dust collecting water system, an exhaust gas washing water system, a drainage processing system, a cutting oil water system and a water spraying system (indicating sterilization and And / or algae-killing agents and their stabilizers for the sterilization and algicidal treatment of bactericidal and algicidal treatment. Among these stabilizers, an amino sulfonic acid and / or a salt thereof which is effective as a stabilizer of hypochlorite or hypobromite is preferably used.

[0023] In an invention with publication number W02020019047 Al which is filed in WIPO date 23 / 07 / 2019 tilted “Technology for producing a disinfectant for neutralizing viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms” relates to technology for producing a disinfectant for neutralizing viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms, and to fluids and machinery intended for sterilizing, disinfecting and treating water, and more particularly relates to technology for producing hypochlorous acid as the active principle by means of electrolysis and a saline solution produced on site upstream of the water disinfecting system, with a strictly neutral "pH" (hydrogen ion potential), said hypochlorous acid (H0C1) acting as a biocide produced by a myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride ions (C1-) and being capable of removing biofilms by means of oxidizing activity, thus preventing microorganisms from developing resistance, said technology comprising a cartridge filter, a centrifugal pump, a flow reader, a flow starting valve, a brine pump, a magnetic brine level pump, a conductivity meter, a reactor, an oxidation-reduction reaction, product storage and an electrical pane.

[0024] And another Chinese invention with publication number CN 1528147 A which is filed dated 29 / 09 / 2003 titled” Salicylic acid cold resistance agent and method for cold resistance” discloses a salicylic acid cold-resisting agent, its composition comprises salicylic acid 0.3-0.9 mmol / L, rapin 0-1 ppm, calcium chloride 0-15 ppm and the solvent is water. Said invention is used for raise the cold resistance of tropical crops and fruit trees, including banana tree, leechee and mango, etc. this invention also containing the sugar or the molasses waste liquid that account for cold-resistance agent 3-8% weight and it being preceding 12-72 hour that arrives at cold wave, and the blade with salicylic acid cold-resistance agent spray solution plant makes solution under spontaneous current on the blade.

[0025] PRIOR ARTS

[0026] According to the scientific discoveries, experiments and researches conducted in the world and searching in sources and databases, so far, reliable scientific evidence and sources that show the application of a disinfectant have not been found (hypochlorous acid to combat a wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases and Pseudomonas syringae ice nucleus-causing bacteria to prevent spring frostbite). The application of hypochlorous acid as a strong and safe disinfectant has been used in the past to reduce the level of contamination and eliminate bacteria, fungi and viruses. Compounds based on hypochlorous acid are fast fungicidal and reduce the number of live yeast cells or mold conidia by at least 99.99% within 60 seconds. This combination is effective on a wide range of fungi: 1 - S arocladium kilien se

[0027] 2- Aspergillus flavus

[0028] 3- Aspergillus fumigatus

[0029] 4- Fusarium solani

[0030] 5- Mucor indicus

[0031] 6- Candida Ibicans

[0032] 7- Candida parapsilosis

[0033] 8- Taphrina deformans

[0034] 9- Uncinula necator

[0035] And also is effective on wide range of germs such as Bacillus sp, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans and the ice nucleus-causing bacteria Pseudomonas syringae. Now, for the chemical combating against these plant pathogens, various chemical pesticides are used with long periods of exposure. These widely used pesticides include the following:

[0036] - Thiophanate-methyl, the consumption rate of this fungicide is one kilogram per hectare

[0037] - Carbendazim, the rate of this fungicide is 3 to 4 kg per hectare

[0038] - Captan, the consumption rate of this fungicide is one kilogram per thousand water - Penconazole (Topas), the amount of this fungicide is two liters per thousand liters of water

[0039] - Kresoxim Methyl (Stroby), the amount of this fungicide is half per thousand liters of water

[0040] - Copper compounds (copper oxychloride), the amount of this fungicide is one to two kilograms per hectare

[0041] - fosetyl aluminium, the consumption rate of this fungicide is 2 per thousand liters of water

[0042] - Among the pesticides used to fight against plant bacteria, we can refer to Beltanol fungicide and bactericidal.

[0043] - In order to combat frostbite, use foliar spraying with water (freezing point zero degrees Celsius), fertilizers that strengthen the cell wall, and also raise the temperature of the environment (garden and agricultural land) using fire (heater, tires, etc.) is common in agriculture.

[0044] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0045] The present invention is a combination of chemical substances based on an oxidizer containing chlorine, oxygen and hydrogen atoms. The present composition is called hypochlorous acid and it contains several nonionic additives, the most important of which are nonionic surfactants produced from coconut oil with the brand name cocamide propyl betaine, which is a nonionic surfactant and also Loramide, which has the chemical formula C4HllNo2, is combined as a diethanolamide and non-ionic surfactant. In this invention, the mentioned compound as the base of the compound has hypochlorous oxidizer, the presence of two nonionic surfactants along with soyamide fatty acid diethanolamide with the formula CH3(CH2)nC(=O)N(CH2CH2OH)2 or specifically soyamide which is also a nonionic surfactant, creates a homogeneous combination of nonionic surfactants placed next to the hypochlorous acid molecules, which homogeneously causes the hypochlorous acid molecules to be placed in a network and minimizes the tendency of the composition to decompose. This composition has 95% hypochlorous acid, and for its preparation, hypochlorous acid with a concentration of 3% is first created in an aqueous medium, and then cocamide is added to it in the amount of 3%. In a mixer with a stirring speed of 500 RPM, the present mixture is mixed for one hour, the ambient temperature should be kept in the range of 20-25 degrees. Next, betaine surfactant is added to the solution in the amount of one percent and in the form of a stream of liquid flow, and with the stirring speed of 200 RPM, the present solution is mixed and homogenized for another half hour. To increase the concentration of hypochlorous acid, membrane reactors are used in the beginning, with the help of this permeable membrane, water molecules are gradually removed from the acidic environment due to their smaller size, and at the end, the remaining aqueous solution of hypochlorous acid has reached a concentration of 3% by weight. The solubility of the desired surfactants in the aqueous environment of hypochlorous acid is easier and at the end a homogeneous mixture of hypochlorous acid and nonionic surfactants is created that larger molecules of surfactants are placed next to hypochlorous acid molecules as a stabilizer and oxidizing agent molecules are not allowed to move to the surface. Since at the time of placing molecules of hypochlorous acid on the surface of the liquid, the tendency of these molecules to break down and escape from the surface of the liquid increases, when these molecules are trapped between the molecules of surfactants, the tendency of hypochlorous acid molecules to move to the surface and further their decomposition is minimized. The present solution has a high oxidizing power and when placed next to amino acids, it tends to combine with nitrogen and sulfur existed in these acids. At the time of using the present composition on plants, due to the presence of fats and other substances on the leaves and stems of plants that make them hydrophobic and in most cases, it causes the liquid droplets to join together from the powder state due to the existing surface tension and it comes in the form of drops with larger grains and drip to the bottom and has a shorter duration of effect, the presence of nonionic surfactants provides the possibility of breaking the existing defensive front. When the surfactant molecules enter the hydrophobic coating of the leaves, the surface tension is reduced and the liquid prepared from the combination of the present invention and added water can be placed as a permanent film on the different surfaces of the plant.

[0046] Generally, after being placed on the plant cover, pathogenic microorganisms pass through the surface layers of leaves and stems over time and reach the first row of plant cells and feed on plant tissue and produce the colonies they need. This action causes the mold of the desired microorganisms to be placed under the hydrophobic layers on the plants over time and away from the weather conditions and also the factors that destroy them. Solar radiation, dryness and air around the plant and other microorganisms on the plant can be factors for the destruction of the mentioned items. But the hydrophobic layers on their cover coat them as a protective factor. Also, most microorganisms have protective coatings on their membranes that protect them from the penetration of chemicals as well as the evaporation of liquids in them. By eliminating the surface tension of the mentioned materials, the composition of the present invention makes the oxidizing agent able to reach the surface of the membrane of pathogenic microorganisms and combat with the first row of membrane cells. The disintegration of the membrane layers due to the oxidation of the nitrogen and sulfur bonds of the amino acids in the cells causes the subsequent layers of the cell to undergo oxidation and destruction. With the destruction of membrane parts of the microorganisms, water leakage and evaporates into the cytoplasm take place, and after a short period of time, it leads to the death of the microorganism.

[0047] This procedure also happens in the process of oxidation with other chemicals, but other oxidizers often cause the oxidation of bonds in plant cells as well and the destruction of the membrane of plant cells itself causes the destruction of these cells and their death and causes waste such as leaf burning and drying of plant leaves, falling of blossoms and buds and often falling of fruits. The tendency of chlorine free radicals to combine when using the composition of present invention causes the oxidation of animal cells that are seen in most microorganisms due to the presence of more amino acids in the cell membrane as well as more sulfur and nitrate compounds in the membrane. Also, due to the connection of the surface cells of the leaf to the plant and the possibility of absorbing water and nutrients from the plant, the damage caused to the membrane of the plant cells is quickly replaced by the plant and in continue, the leakage and evaporation of cell fluids replaced and the possibility of death of surface plant cells is minimized. However, due to the lack of permanent attachment to food sources and parasitic life on the vegetation, the invasive microorganisms have a much faster rate of water loss and evaporation than replacing the fluids absorbed by the plant and because of this, the imbalance of moisture loss compared to receiving the water and fluids they need causes their early death.

[0048] The oxidizing agent of hypochlorous acid, when in contact with pest eggs, breaks the bonds of amino acids and egg membrane compounds and by creating oxidized pores on the surface of the pest egg membrane, it causes the evaporation of the main liquids, including the water in the insect egg, and in the long term, kills and destroys the baby insects and pests. With this method, the population of multicellular pests is always controlled and the spread of pests is prevented. After the influence of chlorine free radicals, hypochlorous acid molecules are decomposed and become their constituents. In this case, after the effective period of the composition on the plants, no additional substances remain in the plant or fruit and the existing surfactants are also decomposed into their constituent elements over time and are removed from the environment by rainwater washing or atmospheric currents. Also, due to the presence of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in the surfactants, it is possible to absorb the mentioned elements by the plant.

[0049] Following, in the method presented in this invention, compounds based on hypochlorous acid were used to combat against all kinds of agricultural and horticultural diseases (fungal and bacterial) and also to combat against frostbite by the ice nucleuse producing bacterium Pseudomonas syringae that using this method, a completely safe and environmentally friendly disinfectant has been used to eliminate plant pathogens and Pseudomonas syringae ice nucleuse producing bacteria. According to the method of this invention, by dissolving hypochlorous acid in water according to reaction number 1, it produces billions of free radicals, which controls and prevents all kinds of fungi, viruses, bacteria and pests.

[0050] Reaction No. 1

[0051] Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound whose chemical formula is HC10. They extract the hypochlorite anion, CIO, and its salts, which are widely used commercially as water disinfectants. HC10 is the most powerful oxidizing and antimicrobial agent that is formed when chlorine gas is dissolved in water. Its antiseptic action has been known for over a century, even before chlorine solutions were used to clean the wounds of soldiers in the First World War. Its discovery actually dates back to 1834 by the French chemist Antoine- Jerome Ballard, who achieved the partial oxidation of chlorine by bubbling it in an aqueous solution of mercury oxide, HgO. Since then, it has been used as an antiseptic and antiviral. Chemically, HC10 is an oxidizing agent that eventually gives its chlorine atom to other molecules. For example, it is possible to produce chlorinated compounds with it, because chloramines are of great importance in the production of new antibiotics. In the 1970s, it was discovered that the body is able to naturally produce this acid through myeloperoxidase enzyme action. An enzyme that acts on peroxides and chloride anions during phagocytosis.

[0052] Figure 1 shows the structure of HC1O. Note that this formula contradicts the structure: the molecule is H-O-Cl, not H-Cl-O. However, the latter is usually preferred to be able to directly compare to its more oxidized counterparts. HC1O2, HC1O3 and HC1O4, the acidic hydrogen, H+ released by HC1O is located in the OH group attached to the chlorine atom. Also, note the significant difference in the length of O-H and Cl-0 bonds, the latter is the longest, which is the reason for the low overlap of chlorine orbitals with oxygen diffusion. The HOC1 molecule can hardly remain stable under normal conditions. Without disproportionation, it cannot be separated from its aqueous solutions or released as chlorine gas, so no anhydrous crystal (even its hydrate) contains hypochlorous acid. And to date, there is no indication that they can be prepared by strange methods. If they can crystallize, the HC1O molecules interact with each other through their permanent dipoles (the negative charges of the oxygen orientation).

[0053] Also, hypochlorous acid is an oxidizing agent that is easily dissolved in water and decomposes into non-toxic and safe side products (water, hydrogen ion and chlorine) and this product can be introduced as the best oxidizer after ozone and peracetic acid. In addition, these compounds do not leave any residue in the environment and are completely environmentally friendly. The mechanism of action of hypochlorous acid is oxidation; the oxidation mechanism involves electron transfer, hypochlorous acid breaks the sulfhydryl bonds (H-S) and sulfide bonds (S-S) in proteins and enzymes and causes the destruction of the cell wall, thus oxidize the outer membrane of bacterial cells, endospores, yeasts, and mold spores so that performs the disinfection action. This means that this disinfectant, in addition to killing many microorganisms, is also capable of destroying spores. The oxidizing agent in HC10 (chlorine atom) has an oxidation number of +1. This means that in order to return to its basic state, it hardly needs to gain a single electron (CIO) in order to form a Cl molecule, thus it loses its chlorine.

[0054] Reaction No. 2

[0055] This reaction now allows us to see how stable HC10 is in aqueous solutions.

[0056] Its oxidizing power is not measured only by the formation of Cl, but also by its ability to leave its chlorine atom. For example, it can react with nitrogen species (including ammonia and nitrogenous bases) to produce chloramines:

[0057] HC10 + N-H -► N-Cl + H2

[0058] Reaction No. 3

[0059] Note that the N-H bond is one more amino group (-NH)2), and is replaced by an N-Cl. The same happens with O-H bonds of hydroxyl groups:

[0060] HC10 + O-H -► O-Cl + H2

[0061] Reaction No. 4

[0062] These reactions are very important and explain the disinfectant and antibacterial action of HC10.

[0063] The use of these compounds with the right dose doesn't have any negative effect on the plant tissue such as leaf burning and leaf fall. It should be mentioned that in order to have a potential effect and increase the performance of hypochlorous acid (with the right dose), the surface tension-reducing compounds of nonionic surfactant should be used.

[0064] DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0065] Figure 1 shows the structure of HC1O.

[0066] Table 1 shows the dosage of consumption of hypochlorous acid with nonionic surfactant for various pathogenic agents.

[0067] ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0068] • Lack of resistance to hypochlorous acid due to rapid effect

[0069] • Cost-effectiveness in terms of economy

[0070] • No need for fungicides or bactericides to eliminate fungi and other pathogens

[0071] • Improvement in the quality and quantity of the final product

[0072] • It does not have any negative effect on the plant tissue, such as leaf burning and leaf fall, etc.

[0073] AN IMPLEMENTATION METHOD FOR APPLYING THE INVENTION

[0074] Uncinula necator (Erysiphe necator)

[0075] Uncinula necator of grapes, which is also known as true powdery mildew or powdery mildew, is the most common and destructive grape disease and affects many grape cultivars. About 55-60% of the country's vineyards are affected by surface powdery mildew, and this disease exists in most of Iran's grape growing areas. Grape powdery mildew disease can damage the tree at all stages of growth and reduce the quantity and quality of the product. The fungus that causes this disease can attack all the green parts of the hair, weaken it and prevent hair growth, and cause a sharp reduction in the weight of the vineyard product until there may not be a single cluster left to eat. The origin of this disease is America, from where it has spread to Europe and Asia through cuttings. Of course, other species of this disease have also been seen on willow, tabrizi, elm and olive trees.

[0076] Symptoms of Uncinula necator

[0077] The fungus that causes uncinula necator attacks all the green parts of the host plant such as branches, leaves, clusters, ivy and fruit. The fungus is seen on the attacked parts in the form of white powdery layer and crust, which gradually turns gray.

[0078] Symptoms on the fruits

[0079] The main damage of grape uncinula necator disease is on hair clusters. The symptoms of the disease appear on the fruit in the form of cracking and drying of the pods. This fungus covers unripe pods in the form of a white powder, and the infected pods remain sour and unripe and crack. The cause of cracking is that because the fungus is only active on the outer surface of the fruit, the skin of the fruit does not grow enough, but the inner parts continue to grow, and as a result, there is an imbalance of growth between the skin and the flesh of the fruit, causing cracks cracks appear on the surface of the fruit skin. As a result of the activity of grape uncinula necator in the ripe pods, the part of the fruit skin that has the mycelium of the fungus does not grow, while the other parts continue to grow normally, as a result, the pod cracks and its flesh and seeds fall out. After the fruit is split, other organisms act as parasites in the slot and cause rapid spoilage and drying of the pods. At this time, a special smell of mold can be smelled from the diseased clusters. Black grapes, such as Peech Kashmer Shakhi Mashhad and Pirqoli Mashhad, lose their color due to this disease and will have a dull and stained appearance when harvested. Symptoms on the leaf

[0080] The uncinula necator disease of grapes first appears as white spots on the upper surface of the leaf, and then a powdery coating covers it. If the disease worsens, in hot and dry conditions, the lower part of the leaf is rolled upwards. As a result of disease and damage to the epidermal cells, symptoms of yellowness gradually appear on the leaves, and as a result, the infected leaves fall prematurely.

[0081] Symptoms on the branch

[0082] As a result of grape uncinula necator disease, round or oval spots appear on the branches, and the green parts of the branch are covered with fungus. The cause of white spots on grape leaves is the activity of grape powdery mildew. If the attack of the disease is very severe, the growth of the branches stops completely and the tree remains small. The spots on the surface of the branches gradually turn brown. If a fungus attacks the flowering clusters when the flowers are opening, then all the parts of the cluster will be covered by the fungus and become white, and in this case no cluster will be formed at all. Attacked flowers turn black and fall. Sometimes, a part of the cluster may be affected and the other part may remain healthy.

[0083] Disease cycle

[0084] After some time, conidiophores, which are the asexual organs of the fungus, are released from the mycelium threads. These conidiophores are located vertically on the surface of the host plant and fungus conidia are formed on them. On each base, a number of conidia, which are usually 5 to 8, are arranged in a chain.

[0085] Conidies start to germinate in low temperatures, but the best temperature for them is between 26 and 28 degrees Celsius. At this time, the higher the humidity, the faster the fungus grows. In the right conditions, the growth of grape uncinula necator fungus is completed in 3 to 6 days. The fungus spends the winter in the form of cleistotsium and mycelium strands on the tops of the branches. In the spring of the following year, the fungus produces conidiphores and buds, and as soon as the ambient temperature reaches 4 to 5 degrees Celsius, they begin to germinate. Temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius are unfavorable for the germination of conidia, and conidia cannot germinate at these temperatures. The presence of high humidity is not necessary for the growth of the fungus, so that the grape white fungus continues to grow in dry areas. Usually, the fungus can start its activity from a relative humidity of about 25%. Therefore, we can see that this disease can be active in all dry areas, unlike the internal downy mildew of grapes.

[0086] Control of grape uncinula necator

[0087] • To control grape uncinula necator disease when establishing a new vineyard, especially in areas where uncinula necator disease is harmful, choose a place where the air flows well and the bushes are exposed to sunlight.

[0088] • In the areas where it is possible from the climatic point of view, when creating the garden, the Pacheraghi or Rusimi (cordon) pruning system should be used. In this case, the air flows well in the upper part of the aerial organs and the sunlight is received more. So, the conditions for the development of superficial grape uncinula necator become unfavorable.

[0089] • Since the fungus that causes uncinula necator spend the winter on the surface of the branches of the previous year, it is necessary to collect and bum all pruned branches and leaves after spring pruning and removing these branches.

[0090] • Balance in fertilizing, watering and avoiding giving nitrogen fertilizers more than needed prevents the high damage of this disease. • To control grape uncinula necator disease, it is recommended to remove weeds for proper ventilation of the vineyard.

[0091] • If possible, the use of resistant cultivars during the construction of a new vineyard prevents the use of fungicides in later stages to control the disease. The local cultivars Qara Shani, Agh Shani and Qara Shire in West Azerbaijan and Khalili, Al Darq in Tabriz and Keshmeshi and Kopek Boghan in Meshkin Shahr have been recognized as resistant to uncinula necator disease.

[0092] Chemical combat against grape uncinula necator disease

[0093] • Sulfur is one of the most effective fungicides to combat the uncinula necator disease of grapes, and due to its low price, it is one of the most widely used fungicides against this disease.

[0094] • Sulfur is limited in some weather conditions. Sulfur is most effective at temperatures between 25 and 30 degrees Celsius and has little effect in controlling powdery mildew at temperatures below 18 degrees Celsius. Using sulfur at a temperature higher than 30 degrees Celsius may cause plant burning, and it is not recommended at all at a temperature of 35 degrees Celsius or higher.

[0095] • Sulfur is usually used in the form of flour or powder, and its flour form is suitable for areas with dry weather and its powder form is suitable for humid regions.

[0096] • Areas where the first and second spraying coincides with the low temperature of the area, it is necessary to use organic fungicides such as penconazole and hexaconazole. • Micronized sulfur 60 to 90 kg per hectare - dinocap pesticide 1 per thousand

[0097] - hexaconazole pesticide 25.0 per thousand or penconazole 125.0 per thousand can be used to combat this uncinula necator disease.

[0098] In general, in this invention, by using the spraying method with a hypochlorous acid disinfectant, it is possible to prevent the initial contamination of grape uncinula necator. The important thing is that if the spraying is done on time, usually in the areas where there is a lot of pollution, before the flowers and buds open, a spraying should be done in order to prevent the progress and activity of the dormant mycelium of the previous year, which are usually hidden next to the bud, and in any case, it is better to start spraying as soon as the first signs of the disease appear, so that the spread of grape uncinula necator can be effectively prevented.

[0099] First foliar spraying: when the buds have grown 10 to 15 cm long. At this time, hypochlorous acid at the rate of 250 ppm can be used along with Nonionic surfactant .

[0100] Second foliar spraying: when the fruits are formed. At this time, hypochlorous acid at the rate of 250 ppm can be used along with Nonionic surfactant .

[0101] Taphrina Deformans (peach leaf curl)

[0102] The pathogenic fungus of peach leaf curl has a global distribution and is common in most areas of peach and nectarine production. Basically, this disease does not spread in hot and dry areas and causes more damage in cool and humid areas. In the provinces of Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Mazandaran, Golestan, Azarbaijan, Zanjan and Khorasan, it usually occurs in peach orchards. Gardeners also call peach leaf disease, camel's lip and red wind. The first symptoms of the disease appear in the form of yellow or reddish spots on the growing leaves. The place of these spots on the leaf gradually thickens and folds, eventually causing the leaf to become twisted. Parts of the leaves at the spots become wrinkled, brittle and fragile, a white layer of spores may form on their surface. Diseased leaves may fall early and if they remain on the tree, in cases of severe disease, they may turn to dark brown. Fruit formation may be greatly reduced or stopped. The green shoots are also sometimes infected, in which case they become thicker and clumsy. If the fruits, which are rarely infected, are attacked by the disease, raised irregular reddish spots appear on them. The cause of peach leaf curl disease is:

[0103] Taphrina deformans fungus is the cause of peach leaf curl. This fungus forms its asci in the shape of a make to a cylinder with two round or flat heads and a basal cell on the upper surface of the leaf. The size of asci is usually variable and is 36- 17 microns long and 7-15 microns wide. Inside each ascus, usually eight spherical ascospores are formed, the diameter of which is between 3-7 microns. Ascospores generally germinate and produce conidia.

[0104] Taphrina deformans cycle

[0105] The initial life stage of this fungus is the ascospore. In this way, in the early spring and the swelling phase of the buds, the ascospore is removed from the ascus and begins to germinate like a yeast, which produces a large number of haploid cells called blastospores which are responsible for wintering the fungus and are resistant to cold and heat, high and low humidity and other environmental factors and remain in the form of colonies on the underside of the tree scales. These spores create a mycelium after germination. The penetration of the fungus occurs directly through the cuticle and air holes, which is done by the direct entry of the mycelium of the fungus or by dissolving the cell wall using enzymes such as cellulase. Mycelium grow intercellularly and cause deformation and twisting of the infected tissue by increasing cell division. Next, with the growth of mycelium between the cuticle and the epidermis, asci containing 8 ascospores are formed. The infection occurs at a temperature of 10-21 degrees Celsius, and the intensity of the infection increases in the event of rain and prolonged cold weather during the emergence of leaves. With the increase in temperature, the growth rate of the leaves has increased, in which case the amount of pollution will be low. Spores produced on the surface of infected organs are dispersed by wind and rain and reach young and sensitive leaves and branches.

[0106] Chemical combat with Taphrina deformans

[0107] For the winter combat against this disease, two sprays with Bordeaux mixture are recommended. One time in late fall after the leaves fall and the next time in late winter before the buds swell. It should be noted that spraying is not effective after bud opening, and using the mixture of Bordeaux mixture after the appearance of leaves in peaches may cause plant bum. Captan fungicide is used in the spring, and this fungicide also plays a role in the color of the fruit. Other fungicides such as Cupravit 2 per thousand or Ziram and Ferbam at a ratio of 2-4 per thousand can be used. The use of lime sulfur can also be very useful because it provides calcium and sulfur to the plant and provides freshness to the tree. In case of severe contamination, preventing drought stress with proper irrigation and using nitrogen fertilizer to provide freshness to the tree and pruning infected branches will be effective in reducing the amount of inoculum in the next season.

[0108] In this invention, by using the spraying method with a hypochlorous acid disinfectant along with an adjuvant called nonionic surfactant, the contamination of gardens with Taphrina deformans fungus was prevented. The important thing is that if the spraying is done on time, usually in the areas where there is a lot of pollution, before the flowers and buds open, a spraying should be done in order to prevent the progress and activity of the dormant mycelium of the previous year, which are usually hidden next to the bud and in any case, it is better to start spraying as soon as the first signs of the disease appear, so that the spread of peach leaf curl disease can be effectively prevented. First time foliar spraying: Late autumn after the leaves fall. At this time, hypochlorous acid at the rate of 250 ppm can be used along with Nonionic surfactant or a dose of 0.5 liters per thousand liters of water.

[0109] Second foliar spraying: At the end of winter before the swelling of the buds. At this time, you can use hypochlorous acid at the rate of 250 ppm along with 0.5 liters of Nonionic surfactant per thousand liters of water.

[0110] Third time foliar spraying: mid-spring. At this time, you can use hypochlorous acid at the rate of 250 ppm along with 0.5 liters of Nonionic surfactant per thousand liters of water.

[0111] INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

[0112] The use of these compounds is recommended to control and combat against a wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. The invention of the method and compounds required to combat fungal and bacterial diseases as well as plant pathogens causing disease in agricultural products and controlling pest populations with the ability to control the amount of ice crystals formed based on the disinfectant and antibacterial compounds of hypochlorous acid includes at least one main base of hypochlorous acid and at least one nonionic surfactant from the family of fatty acids of coconut oil such as cocamide propyl betaine and at least one nonionic surfactant from the family of diethanolamides such as Loramide and at least one nonionic surfactant based on fatty acids in soybean oil such as Soyamide and an algorithm to combine them and at least one method of using the said compound on plants to destroy pathogenic microorganisms as well as pest eggs to control the population of pathogenic pests.

2. The method and compounds of claim 1 in which the presence of hypochlorous acid as an oxidizing agent has been used to destroy parts of the cell membrane and oxidize or combine it with nitrogen and sulfur bonds present in the membranes of living and plant cells of pathogenic agents.

3. The method and compounds of claim 1 which in its composition, nonionic surfactants based on fatty acids in coconut oil are used to reduce the surface tension on the surface of plant leaves, the surfaces of pathogens and microorganisms, and also to create a uniform film of the composition on the surface of plants.

4. The method and compounds of claim 1 in which the combination of nonionic surfactants based on diethanolamide with the formula of C4HuNo2as a solvent for leaf waxy coatings and a surface tension reducer for the oxidizing agent to reach the pathogenic agent faster and the durability of the compound film has been used until reaching the maximum effect on pathogenic agents.

5. The method and compounds of claim 1 in which nonionic surfactants based on fatty acids found in soybean oil are used, and soyamide in the composition reduces the surface tension and destroys the waxy compounds on the surface of the leaves and stems of plants and increases the accessibility of the oxidizing agent to pathogenic agents.

6. The method and compounds of claim 1 which by placing the present compound on the surface of plants and the possibility of penetrating into the waxy layer of the surface of plants and after accessing pathogenic agents causes the oxidation of their membrane and creates openings on the membrane and causes the death of the pathogenic agent due to oxidation or further due to the loss of the required moisture inside unicellular organism and causes their death.

7. The method and compounds of claim 1 which can destroy the proteins created by Pseudomonas syringae bacteria and also control the population of this type of bacteria, which is the cause of ice nucleation in the spring cold and can prevent plants from freezing and cause its subsequent effects during the sudden spring cold.

8. The method and compounds of claim 1 which when placed on the shell of multicellular insect and pest eggs, causes local oxidation of insect and pest eggs, and by increasing the permeability of the insect egg shell, it causes excessive evaporation of the water in the pest eggs and as a result, the death of the baby insects and pests.

9. The method and compounds of claim 1 which is a biodegradable compound and after the normal lifetime of the oxidizing compound and the decomposition of its elements, does not leave any additional substances in the plant or fruit and plant products.

0. The method and compounds of claim 1 that after the decomposition of the elements in each of the components of the composition, decomposed carbon, nitrogen and sulfur consumed by the plant.

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