Antenna and electronic device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications, and discloses an antenna and an electronic device. The antenna comprises a conductive plate and at least three antenna structures. The conductive plate comprises two plate portions arranged at a first included angle, the angle of the first included angle being smaller than 180 degrees. Each antenna structure is located on the side of the conductive plate facing away from the first included angle; each antenna structure comprises a first radiation portion and a second radiation portion; each radiation portion is electrically connected to one plate portion; and a gap is present between the two radiation portions. In addition, two antenna structures among the at least three antenna structures are arranged in a first direction, and two antenna structures among the at least three antenna structures are arranged in a second direction, wherein a set included angle is formed between the first direction and the second direction. The second radiation portions of the antenna structures are located on the same side of a second plate portion. In this way, the size of the whole antenna can be reduced while the positioning function of the antenna is achieved. The antenna can be arranged on a side surface of an electronic device so as to improve the use convenience of the electronic device.

Description

Antenna and electronic equipment

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China on August 24, 2023, with application number 202311076486.2 and application name "An Antenna and Electronic Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0004] With the development of economic level and the continuous advancement of communication technology, location-based services play an increasingly important role in improving the convenience of people's daily lives.

[0005] Ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning technology has been increasingly used in electronic devices in recent years to implement positioning functions, thanks to its advantages such as high positioning accuracy, strong anti-interference capabilities, high operating frequency, small size, and low power consumption. However, since current consumer electronic devices are typically designed to be small and lightweight, and their integrated functions are increasing, the space reserved for UWB antennas on electronic devices is relatively limited, resulting in an increasingly strong demand for miniaturized UWB antennas. Therefore, how to achieve the miniaturization of UWB antennas has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application provides an antenna and an electronic device to achieve a miniaturized design of the antenna, thereby improving the flexibility of the antenna's location in the electronic device.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna comprising a conductive plate and at least three antenna structures. The conductive plate comprises a first plate portion and a second plate portion, wherein an edge of the first plate portion is connected to an edge of the second plate portion, and a first angle is formed between the first plate portion and the second plate portion, wherein the first angle is less than 180°. Each antenna structure comprises a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion, both located on a side of the conductive plate facing away from the first angle, thereby enabling the antenna structure to directionally radiate signals in a direction facing away from the first angle. The first radiating portion comprises a first side and a third side disposed opposite each other, the first side electrically connected to the first plate portion, and the third side closer to the second radiating portion than the first side. The second radiating portion comprises a second side and a fourth side disposed opposite each other, the second side electrically connected to the second plate portion, and the fourth side closer to the first radiating portion than the second side. Furthermore, the third side and the fourth side are spaced apart to form a gap between the third and fourth sides, through which the antenna structure can radiate signals. At least three antenna structures include a first antenna structure, a second antenna structure, and a third antenna structure. When the first, second, and third antenna structures are arranged, the first and second antenna structures can be arranged along a first direction, and the first and third antenna structures can be arranged along a second direction, with the first and second directions forming a predetermined angle. Furthermore, the second radiating portions of each antenna structure are coplanarly located on the same side of the second plate portion. The antenna provided herein is configured such that the first and second plate portions of the conductive plate are arranged at a first angle less than 180°, the first and second radiating portions are electrically connected to the first and second plate portions, respectively, and a certain radiation gap is reserved between the first and second radiating portions. This allows the antenna structure to achieve directional signal radiation while minimizing the projected area of ​​the antenna structure on the plane containing the first radiating portion and the projected area of ​​the antenna structure on the plane containing the second radiating portion, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna. When the antenna is used in an electronic device, it can meet the side placement requirements of the electronic device, thereby increasing the flexibility of the antenna's placement within the electronic device and improving the ease of use of the electronic device. Furthermore, because in the antenna, two of the at least three antenna structures are arranged along a first direction, and two of the at least three antenna structures are arranged along a second direction, the two antenna structures can perform angle measurement and distance measurement in the first direction, and the two antenna structures can perform angle measurement and distance measurement in the second direction, thereby achieving precise positioning of the object to be measured.

[0009] In the present application, there is no specific limitation on the angle of the first angle. For example, the first plate portion and the second plate portion can be arranged vertically, and the angle of the first angle can be 90°, which can be conducive to further reducing the size of the antenna.

[0010] Because the third side of the first radiating portion is closer to the second radiating portion than the first side, and the fourth side of the second radiating portion is closer to the first radiating portion than the second side, the plane of the first radiating portion and the plane of the second radiating portion intersect. In one possible implementation of the present application, the plane of the first radiating portion is perpendicular to the plane of the second radiating portion, which can help improve the symmetry of the antenna structure and thus improve the symmetry of the antenna structure's directional pattern.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the present application, the second radiating portions of the antenna structures may be coplanarly arranged, thereby facilitating directional radiation of signals by the antenna.

[0012] In addition, the third side of the first radiating portion of each antenna structure is located in the plane where the second radiating portion is located, so as to realize directional radiation of the signal by the antenna along the direction of the second radiating portion away from the second board portion.

[0013] Since the frequency deviation of the antenna structure can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the third side and the fourth side, in a possible implementation of the present application, the distance d1 between the third side and the fourth side satisfies: 0.02λ≤d1≤0.04λ, where λ is the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna.

[0014] Furthermore, the width d2 of the first radiating portion from the first side to the third side and the width d3 of the second radiating portion from the second side to the fourth side satisfy the following relationship: d2 / d3 = 0.8 to 1.2. This helps improve the symmetry of the antenna structure, thereby improving the symmetry of the antenna pattern.

[0015] In one possible implementation of the present application, the length of the third side is less than or equal to d1+d2+d3, and the length of the fourth side is less than or equal to d1+d2+d3, wherein λ0 / 4 ≤ d1+d2+d3 ≤ λ0 / 2, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna's operating frequency band. This ensures that the antenna can operate within the required frequency band.

[0016] In the present application, to achieve electrical connection between the first radiating portion and the first board portion, each antenna structure includes a first shorting arm. This allows the first radiating portion to be spaced apart from the first board portion, and the first side of the first radiating portion to be electrically connected to the first board portion via the first shorting arm. In addition, each antenna structure also includes a second shorting arm. The second radiating portion is spaced apart from the second board portion, and the second side of the second radiating portion is electrically connected to the second board portion via the second shorting arm. In this way, while achieving electrical connection between the first and second radiating portions and the corresponding board portions, a radiation cavity can also be formed between the first and second radiating portions and the conductive plate, thereby enabling the antenna structure to radiate signals.

[0017] This application does not specify the dimensions of the first shorting arm. For example, along the direction from the first radiating portion to the first plate portion, the width of the first shorting arm is less than or equal to the length of the third side. Within this range, increasing the width of the first shorting arm can improve the bandwidth and efficiency of the antenna.

[0018] Similarly, along the arrangement direction from the second radiating portion to the second plate portion, the width of the second short-circuit arm is less than or equal to the length of the fourth side. Within the above range, the bandwidth and efficiency of the antenna can be improved by increasing the width of the second short-circuit arm.

[0019] In a possible implementation of the present application, each antenna structure further includes a feeding line, and the second radiating portion of each antenna structure is provided with a feeding point, and the feeding line is electrically connected to the corresponding feeding point, thereby achieving feeding of the antenna structure.

[0020] In this application, the feed lines of each antenna structure are electrically connected to a feed source in a one-to-one correspondence, so that the corresponding antenna structures are fed by different feed sources. In addition, the frequency of the signals fed to each antenna structure by the corresponding feed source is the same, thereby enabling the antenna to radiate signals within a specific operating frequency band.

[0021] When setting the feeding point, the feeding point is spaced apart from the fourth side, and in the extension direction of the fourth side, the distance deviation between the feeding point and the middle position of the two ends of the fourth side is ±1mm, so as to ensure the symmetry of the current and radiation pattern of the antenna structure, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna structure.

[0022] In one possible implementation of the present application, the antenna includes three antenna structures, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. In addition, the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure arranged along the first direction are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry plane, the first symmetry plane passes through the center point of the distance between the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure, and the first symmetry plane is perpendicular to the first direction. The first antenna structure and the third antenna structure arranged along the second direction are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetry plane, the second symmetry plane passes through the center point of the distance between the first antenna structure and the third antenna structure, and the second symmetry plane is perpendicular to the second direction. In this way, the angle and distance in the first direction can be measured by the two antenna structures arranged along the first direction, and the angle and distance in the second direction can be measured by the two antenna structures arranged along the second direction, so that the antenna can be positioned relative to the object to be measured.

[0023] In order to improve the deflection consistency of the directional patterns of the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure arranged along the first direction, in one possible implementation of the present application, the antenna may further include a conductive structure, the conductive structure including a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion, the first conductive portion being electrically connected to the first plate portion, the second conductive portion being electrically connected to the second plate portion, and the second conductive portion and the second radiating portion of each antenna structure being located on the same side of the second plate portion. In addition, the first conductive portion and the first radiating portion of the second antenna structure are symmetrically arranged relative to the second symmetric plane, and the first conductive portion and the first radiating portion of the third antenna structure are symmetrically arranged relative to the first symmetric plane; and the second conductive portion and the second radiating portion of the second antenna structure are symmetrically arranged relative to the second symmetric plane, and the second conductive portion and the second radiating portion of the third antenna structure are symmetrically arranged relative to the first symmetric plane. This can help improve the accuracy of angle measurement and distance measurement in the first direction for the first antenna structure and the third antenna structure arranged along the first direction.

[0024] In addition, in the present application, the second conductive portion of the conductive structure and the second radiating portion of each antenna structure can also be arranged coplanar, thereby facilitating the directional radiation of the antenna to the signal.

[0025] In one possible implementation of the present application, the center-to-center spacing L2 between the first and third antenna structures arranged along the second direction satisfies the following: λ0 / 4 ≤ L2 ≤ λ0 / 2, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna's operating frequency band. This ensures the angular measurement accuracy of the two antenna structures in the second direction.

[0026] When the antenna includes three antenna structures, the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure arranged along the first direction are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry plane, and the first, second, and third antenna structures are arranged in an isosceles triangle. This arrangement also ensures that the deflection patterns of the first and third antenna structures arranged along the first direction are consistent, thereby ensuring the positioning accuracy of the antenna.

[0027] In one possible implementation of the present application, the antenna may further include four antenna structures, with the fourth antenna structure being centrally symmetrically arranged. Thus, the antenna may include two groups of antenna structures arranged along a first direction and two groups of antenna structures arranged along a second direction. This allows the two groups of antenna structures arranged along the first direction to both perform angle and distance measurement in the first direction, while allowing the two groups of antenna structures arranged along the second direction to both perform angle and distance measurement in the second direction, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the antenna.

[0028] In one possible implementation of the present application, the center-to-center spacing L1 between the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure arranged along the first direction satisfies the following condition: λ0 / 4 ≤ L1 ≤ λ0 / 2, where λ0 is the wavelength of free space corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna's operating frequency band. This ensures the angular measurement accuracy of the two antenna structures in the first direction.

[0029] In one possible implementation of the present application, the conductive plate includes a continuously arranged reflective surface, and the projection of the first radiating portion of each antenna structure on the first plate portion and the projection of the second radiating portion of each antenna structure on the second plate portion both fall within the outline of the reflective surface. This can help improve the antenna's ability to directionally radiate signals.

[0030] In the second aspect, the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes a shell and the antenna of the first aspect, wherein the electronic device can be but is not limited to a directional electronic device such as a remote control, a mobile phone or a car key. Since this type of electronic device can point the side of the shell toward the object to be measured when in use, and the antenna provided in the present application is relatively small in size, the antenna can be set in the shell of the electronic device, which is conducive to improving the convenience of using the electronic device.

[0031] In a possible implementation of the present application, the second radiating portion of each antenna structure is attached to the top side of the shell or spaced apart from the top side of the shell to enable the antenna to directional radiation of the signal in a direction perpendicular to the top side. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a remote control provided with a UWB antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG3 is a view of the antenna shown in FIG2 in the direction A;

[0035] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG5 is another schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the antenna shown in FIG6 ;

[0039] FIG8 is a B-direction view of the antenna shown in FIG6;

[0040] FIG9 is a passive performance curve of three antenna structures of the antenna shown in FIG6 ;

[0041] FIG10 is a graph showing the average efficiency of the three antenna structures within the operating frequency band of the antenna shown in FIG6 ;

[0042] FIG11 is a horizontal azimuth PDOA curve of the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure of the antenna shown in FIG6 ;

[0043] FIG12 is a vertical azimuth PDOA curve of the first antenna structure and the third antenna structure of the antenna shown in FIG6;

[0044] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a remote control provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG14 is an exploded view of the remote control shown in FIG13 .

[0046] Reference numerals:

[0047] 100a - UWB antenna; 100b - antenna; 1 - antenna structure; 1a - first antenna structure; 1011a - first radiating portion of the first antenna structure;

[0048] 1012a - second radiating portion of the first antenna structure; 102a - first short-circuit arm of the first antenna structure;

[0049] 103a - second short-circuit arm of the first antenna structure; 1b - second antenna structure; 1011b - first radiating portion of the second antenna structure;

[0050] 1012b - second radiating portion of the second antenna structure; 1c - third antenna structure; 1011c - first radiating portion of the third antenna structure;

[0051] 1012c - second radiating portion of the third antenna structure; 102c - first short-circuit arm of the third antenna structure;

[0052] 103c - second short-circuit arm of the third antenna structure; 1d - conductive structure / dummy antenna structure; 101 - radiator; 1011 - first radiating portion;

[0053] 10111-first side; 10112-third side; 1012-second radiating portion; 10121-second side; 10122-fourth side;

[0054] 10123 - feeding point; 1013 - first conductive portion; 1014 - second conductive portion; 102 - first short-circuit arm; 103 - second short-circuit arm;

[0055] 104 - third short-circuit arm; 105 - fourth short-circuit arm; 106 - feeder line; 2 - conductive plate; 201 - first plate portion; 202 - second plate portion;

[0056] 3-cavity structure; 4-dielectric matrix; 401-first surface; 402-second surface; 5-slit; 6-through hole;

[0057] 200-housing; 300-mainboard. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar structures, and thus their repeated description will be omitted. The words expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of the present application are all explained using the accompanying drawings as examples, but changes may be made as needed, and the changes made are all included in the scope of protection of the present application. The drawings in the embodiments of the present application are only used to illustrate the relative position relationship and do not represent the true proportion.

[0059] It should be noted that the following description sets forth specific details to facilitate understanding of the present application. However, the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in a variety of ways other than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotations of the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0060] The limitations such as symmetry, parallelism, verticality, and sameness (for example, same length, same width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all based on the current technological level, rather than being absolutely strict definitions in a mathematical sense.

[0061] The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

[0062] The feed source / feed circuit is a combination of all circuits used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals. The feed circuit may include a transceiver and an RF front end circuit. In some cases, the "feed circuit" is understood in a narrow sense as a radio frequency chip (RFIC, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit), and the RFIC can be considered to include an RF front end chip and a transceiver. The feed circuit has the function of converting radio waves (e.g., radio frequency signals) and electrical signals (e.g., digital signals). Generally, it is considered to be part of the radio frequency.

[0063] In some embodiments, the electronic device may also include a test socket (or RF socket or RF test socket). This test socket can be used to insert a coaxial cable and test the characteristics of the RF front-end circuit or antenna radiator through the cable. The RF front-end circuit can be considered as the circuit portion coupled between the test socket and the transceiver.

[0064] In some embodiments, the RF front-end circuit may be integrated into a RF front-end chip in the electronic device, or the RF front-end circuit and the transceiver may be integrated into a RF chip in the electronic device.

[0065] It should be understood that any two of the first / second / ...Nth feeding circuits in the present application can share the same transceiver, for example, transmitting signals through a radio frequency channel in a transceiver (for example, a port (pin) of a radio frequency chip); they can also share a radio frequency front-end circuit, for example, processing signals through a switch or amplifier in a radio frequency front-end.

[0066] It should also be understood that two feeding circuits in the first / second / ...Nth feeding circuit in the present application usually correspond to two radio frequency test sockets in the electronic device.

[0067] The feeder, also known as the transmission line, refers to the connection line between the antenna's transceiver and the radiator. Depending on the frequency and form, the transmission line can directly transmit current waves or electromagnetic waves. The connection point on the radiator to the transmission line is usually called the feed point. Transmission lines include wire transmission lines, coaxial transmission lines, waveguides, or microstrip lines. Depending on the implementation form, the transmission line can include a bracket antenna body or a glass antenna body. Depending on the carrier, the transmission line can be implemented by LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer), FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), or PCB (Printed Circuit Board).

[0068] Resonant frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The resonant frequency can be a frequency range in which the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB. The strongest resonance point can be called the resonance point, and the frequency corresponding to the resonance point is the center frequency point frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, the antenna / radiator mentioned in this application produces a "first / second... resonance", where the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna / radiator. It should be understood that the antenna / radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to the specific design, and each antenna mode can generate a corresponding fundamental mode resonance.

[0069] Resonant frequency band: The range of the resonant frequency is the resonant frequency band. The return loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.

[0070] Communication frequency band / working frequency band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (band width). For example, an antenna that supports the B40 frequency band has an operating frequency band that includes frequencies in the range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating frequency band includes the B40 frequency band. The frequency range that meets the index requirements can be regarded as the antenna's operating frequency band. The width of the operating frequency band is called the operating bandwidth. The operating bandwidth of an omnidirectional antenna may reach 3-5% of the center frequency. The operating bandwidth of a directional antenna may reach 5-10% of the center frequency. The bandwidth can be considered as a frequency range on both sides of the center frequency (for example, the resonant frequency of a dipole), where the antenna characteristics are within the acceptable value range of the center frequency.

[0071] The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band may be the same, or may partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna may overlap one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0072] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port by the antenna circuit to the antenna port's transmitted power. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the greater the antenna's radiation efficiency. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0073] Antenna return loss can be expressed using the S11 parameter, a type of S parameter. S11 represents the reflection coefficient and can characterize the antenna's transmission efficiency.

[0074] In one embodiment, the S11 diagram can be understood as a schematic diagram for representing the resonance generated by the antenna. In one embodiment, the portion of the resonance shown in the S11 diagram that is less than -6dB can be understood as the resonant frequency / frequency range / operating frequency band generated by the antenna. The S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss and the less energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna and the higher the antenna system efficiency. The larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss and the lower the antenna system efficiency.

[0075] It should be noted that an S11 value of -4dB can be used as a standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -4dB, it can be considered that the antenna is operating normally. It should be understood that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB can also be used as a standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna has good transmission efficiency.

[0076] To facilitate understanding of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, its application scenario is explained below. The antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used in electronic devices to enable the electronic devices to receive or send wireless signals, thereby realizing the communication function of the electronic devices.

[0077] As communication technology gradually matures, location-based services play an increasingly important role in improving the convenience of people's daily lives. Taking indoor positioning technology as an example, currently common indoor positioning technologies include Wi-Fi (wireless-fidelity) technology, Bluetooth technology, Zig Bee technology, UWB technology, etc. Due to the advantages of UWB technology such as high positioning accuracy, strong anti-interference ability, high operating frequency, small size and low power consumption, it has been increasingly used in electronic devices in recent years, especially in handheld electronic devices. Taking the remote control as an example, referring to Figure 1, Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a remote control provided with a UWB antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. At present, the UWB antenna 100a can usually be set to the form of a microstrip patch antenna or a variant thereof. In order to realize the positioning function of the remote control, it is usually necessary to set multiple UWB antennas 100a in the remote control to measure the angle and distance through the phase difference of the signal from the object to be measured received by two adjacent UWB antennas 100a, thereby realizing the positioning function of the remote control.

[0078] Because current remote controls typically require a thin and lightweight design, their thickness is relatively small, but the existing UWB antenna 100a is relatively large. Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, the UWB antenna 100a can usually only be placed on the back of the remote control, that is, on the side of the remote control opposite the button surface. In actual use, the remote control can only measure angles and distances by pointing the back of the remote control at the object to be measured, which affects the remote control's usability.

[0079] In view of this, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application comprises two plate portions arranged at a set angle on the conductive plate, and the two radiating portions of the radiator are respectively arranged on the two plate portions of the conductive plate. This effectively reduces the size of the antenna without affecting the radiation performance of the antenna, thereby enabling the antenna to meet the requirements for side installation of the electronic device, thereby increasing the flexibility of the antenna's installation position in the electronic device and further improving the ease of use of the electronic device. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0080] Referring to Figure 2, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an antenna 100b provided in an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment of the present application, antenna 100b includes an antenna structure 1 and a conductive plate 2. Antenna structure 1 includes a radiator 101, which may also be referred to as an antenna element or vibrator. Radiator 101 is a unit constituting the basic structure of the antenna and can effectively radiate or receive radio waves.

[0081] In one embodiment, the conductive plate 2 can also be referred to as a reflector, base plate, antenna panel, or metal reflective surface. The conductive plate 2 can improve the radiation directionality of the antenna signal, for example, by achieving directional radiation of the antenna signal, thereby improving the antenna's radiation performance and thereby increasing the antenna's sensitivity. The radiator 101 is typically disposed on one side of the conductive plate 2. This not only greatly enhances the antenna's signal reception or transmission capabilities, but also blocks and shields other radio waves from the other side of the conductive plate 2, potentially interfering with signal reception.

[0082] In the present application, the material of the conductive plate 2 can be copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass or their alloys, or other materials with conductive properties. When the conductive plate 2 is specifically set, reference can be made to Figure 2. The conductive plate 2 includes a first plate portion 201 and a second plate portion 202. One edge of the first plate portion 201 is connected to one edge of the second plate portion 202, and the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202 are not arranged coplanar. Then, there is a first angle α between the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202, and the angle of the first angle α is less than 180°. Exemplarily, the first angle α can be 90°±30°. Furthermore, the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202 can be arranged vertically, then the first angle α is 90°, and in the actual processing process, due to the limitation of the process level, the first angle α can be 90°±5°, for example, 85°, 92° or 95°.

[0083] In the embodiment of the present application, the connection method between the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202 is not limited. For example, the conductive plate 2 can be an integrally formed structure, and the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202 can be formed by bending the same plate-like structure, or processed by the same etching or coating process, so as to reduce the impedance between the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202 and effectively simplify the structure of the conductive plate 2. In other possible embodiments of the present application, the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202 can also be two independent structures, connected by bonding or welding, etc., so as to make the arrangement of the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202 more flexible.

[0084] The radiator 101 of the antenna structure 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application also includes two parts, namely a first radiating portion 1011 and a second radiating portion 1012. As shown in Figure 2, the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 are both located on the side of the conductive plate 2 that is away from the first angle α. The first radiating portion 1011 is electrically connected to the first plate portion 201, and the second radiating portion 1012 is electrically connected to the second plate portion 202.

[0085] Since the radiator 101 can generally be a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a wire or sheet, in the embodiment of the present application, the radiator 101 can specifically be a sheet-shaped radiator 101, and the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 of the radiator 101 can both be sheet-shaped radiating portions. The sheet-shaped radiating portion can be a common patch or a meta-patch. For example, the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 can be configured as a metal sheet with conductive properties, such as a copper sheet, or in one possible embodiment, the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 can be configured as a conductive coating. Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the shapes of the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 are not specifically limited, and they can be configured as regular shapes such as rectangles.

[0086] In one embodiment, the conductive plate 2 and the radiator 101 can be made of the same material and have similar thicknesses. In addition, the conductive plate 2 and the radiator 101 can be manufactured through the same etching or coating process, thereby simplifying the antenna manufacturing process.

[0087] It is worth mentioning that in the embodiment of the present application, the conductive plate 2 may include a continuously disposed reflective surface, and the projection of the first radiating portion 1011 on the first plate portion 201 and the projection of the second radiating portion 1012 on the second plate portion 202 both fall within the contour of the continuously disposed reflective surface of the conductive plate 2. This allows the conductive plate 2 to enhance the directional radiation performance of the antenna structure 1 for signals and enables the antenna structure 1 to radiate signals within a specific operating frequency band.

[0088] Referring to Figure 3 , which is a view of the antenna shown in Figure 2 taken along line A, when the first radiating portion 1011 is electrically connected to the first board portion 201, the first radiating portion 1011 may include a first side 10111 and a third side 10112 disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first side 10111 is electrically connected to the first board portion 201, and the third side 10112 is closer to the second radiating portion 1012 than the first side 10111.

[0089] When the second radiating portion 1012 is electrically connected to the second board portion 202 , the second radiating portion 1012 includes a second side 10121 and a fourth side 10122 that are arranged opposite to each other, the second side 10121 is electrically connected to the second board portion 202 , and the fourth side 10122 is close to the first radiating portion 1011 relative to the second side 10121 .

[0090] In addition, in order to enable the radiator 101 to radiate and receive signals, a cavity structure 3 needs to be formed between the radiator 101 and the conductive plate 2. Based on this, the first radiating portion 1011 is spaced apart from the first plate portion 201, and the second radiating portion 1012 is spaced apart from the second plate portion 202. The antenna structure 1 may further include a first short-circuit arm 102 and a second short-circuit arm 103. The first side 10111 of the first radiating portion 1011 is electrically connected to the first radiating portion 1011 via the first short-circuit arm 102, and the third side 10112 of the second radiating portion 1012 is electrically connected to the second radiating portion 1012 via the second short-circuit arm 103.

[0091] In the present application, the first short-circuit arm 102 and the second short-circuit arm 103 can also be conductors of a specific shape and size, which can be set as a line or a sheet. In the antenna 100b shown in Figure 2, the first short-circuit arm 102 and the second short-circuit arm 103 are both set as sheets, and they can be set as metal sheets with conductive properties such as copper sheets, or they can also be set as conductive coatings. In addition, the material of the first short-circuit arm 102 and the first radiating portion 1011 can be the same or different. When the material of the first short-circuit arm 102 and the first radiating portion 1011 is the same, the two can be formed into an integrated structure, which can be formed by bending the same plate structure, or by an integrated structure formed by an etching or coating process, so as to effectively simplify the processing technology of the antenna 100b and improve the production efficiency of the antenna 100b.

[0092] Similarly, the materials of the second short-circuit arm 103 and the second radiating portion 1012 can be the same or different. When the materials of the second short-circuit arm 103 and the second radiating portion 1012 are the same, the two can also be formed by bending the same plate structure, or be an integrated structure formed by an etching or coating process, so as to simplify the processing technology of the antenna 100b and improve the production efficiency of the antenna 100b.

[0093] It is worth mentioning that the cavity structure 3 formed by the radiator 101 and the conductive plate 2 may also be filled with a dielectric matrix (not shown in Figures 2 and 3). This application does not limit the material of the dielectric matrix 4, and examples thereof include acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).

[0094] Since a smaller dielectric constant of dielectric substrate 4 generally corresponds to a smaller dielectric wavelength, which is more conducive to reducing antenna size, in the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, the dielectric constant of dielectric substrate 4 can be 2.0 to 6.0, and can be 4.0 as an example. Furthermore, in the present application, the dielectric loss of dielectric substrate 4 can be less than or equal to 0.005, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of the antenna.

[0095] 3 , in the present application, the third side 10112 of the first radiating portion 1011 and the fourth side 10122 of the second radiating portion 1012 are spaced apart, and a gap 5 can be formed between the third side 10112 and the fourth side 10122 , and the radiator 101 can radiate and receive signals through the gap 5 .

[0096] Since the frequency deviation of the antenna structure 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the spacing between the third side 10112 and the fourth side 10122, in the present application, the spacing d1 between the third side 10112 and the fourth side 10122 can satisfy the following: 0.02λ≤d1≤0.04λ, and in actual applications, it can be selected as 0.025λ, where λ is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna's operating frequency band. For example, when the center frequency of the antenna 100b's operating frequency band is approximately 8 GHz, the spacing between the third side 10112 and the fourth side 10122 can be 0.5 mm. It is understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the third side 10112 and the fourth side 10122 can be arranged in parallel, which is conducive to improving the directivity parameters of the radiator 101, thereby enhancing the radiation performance of the antenna 100b.

[0097] As can be understood from the above description of the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 of the radiator 101, the plane in which the first radiating portion 1011 lies intersectingly with the plane in which the second radiating portion 1012 lies. This application does not limit the angle between the plane in which the first radiating portion 1011 lies and the plane in which the second radiating portion 1012 lies. For example, in the antenna shown in FIG3 , the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 can be arranged orthogonally, in which case the plane in which the first radiating portion 1011 lies is perpendicular to the plane in which the second radiating portion 1012 lies. Furthermore, as can be understood from the above description of the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202 of the conductive plate 2, the first plate portion 201 and the second plate portion 202 can also be arranged perpendicularly. Therefore, in this application, the plane in which the first radiating portion 1011 lies can be parallel to the first plate portion 201, and the plane in which the second radiating portion 1012 lies can be parallel to the second plate portion 202.

[0098] Continuing with FIG. 3 , in the present application, the first shorting arm 102 may be perpendicular to the first plate portion 201. Along the arrangement direction from the first radiating portion 1011 to the first plate portion 201, the width of the first shorting arm 102 is significantly smaller than the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the antenna 100b in free space. For example, the width of the first shorting arm 102 may be less than or equal to the length of the third side 10112. In one embodiment, the resonance generated by the antenna 100b can cover 8 GHz. Alternatively, when the operating frequency band of the antenna 100b covers 8 GHz, the width of the first shorting arm 102 may be less than or equal to 1.5 mm, for example, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, or 1.4 mm.

[0099] Furthermore, the second shorting arm 103 may be perpendicular to the second plate portion 202, and along the direction from the second radiating portion 1012 to the second conductive plate 2, the width of the second shorting arm 103 may be significantly smaller than the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the antenna 100b in free space. In one embodiment, when the resonance generated by the antenna 100b can cover 8 GHz, or when the operating frequency band of the antenna 100b covers 8 GHz, the length of the second shorting arm 103 may be less than or equal to 1.5 mm. For example, the width of the second shorting arm 103 may be less than or equal to the length of the fourth side 10122. In one embodiment, when the resonance generated by the antenna 100b can cover 8 GHz, or when the operating frequency band of the antenna 100b covers 8 GHz, the width of the second shorting arm 103 may be less than or equal to 1.5 mm, for example, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, or 1.4 mm. It is worth noting that, within a certain range, increasing the widths of the first and second shorting arms 102, 103 can improve the bandwidth and efficiency of the antenna 100b to a certain extent.

[0100] Because the positioning function of antenna 100b is based on the directional radiation of signals by radiator 101, in this application, the opening direction of the slot 5 between the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 can be adjusted to achieve directional radiation of signals by radiator 101. For example, in the antenna shown in Figure 3, the third side 10112 of the first radiating portion 1011 is located within the plane of the second radiating portion 1012. In this case, the opening of slot 5 is oriented in the direction of the arrangement of the second plate portion 202 and the second radiating portion 1012. Therefore, the signal can be radiated from slot 5 toward the side of the second plate portion 202 facing away from the second radiating portion 1012. In practical applications, the opening direction of slot 5 can be aligned with the orientation of the electronic device during use, thereby improving the ease of use of the electronic device and facilitating the improvement of the positioning accuracy of the antenna.

[0101] In the present application, the width d2 of the first radiating portion 1011 from the first side 10111 to the third side 10112 and the width d3 of the second radiating portion 1012 from the second side 10121 to the fourth side 10122 satisfy: d2 / d3=0.8~1.2. In specific implementation, the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 can be symmetrically arranged relative to the gap 5, then the width d2 of the first radiating portion 1011 from the first side 10111 to the third side 10112 and the width d3 of the second radiating portion 1012 from the second side 10121 to the fourth side 10122 are equal, thereby improving the symmetry of the antenna structure 1, which is beneficial to improving the symmetry of the radiation pattern of the antenna structure 1. In addition, the length of the third side 10112 of the first radiating portion 1011 can be equal to the length of the fourth side 10122 of the second radiating portion 1012 to further improve the symmetry of the antenna structure 1, thereby effectively improving the symmetry of the radiation pattern of the antenna structure 1 to improve the radiation performance of the antenna structure 1.

[0102] In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the length of the third side 10112 of the first radiating portion 1011 can be less than or equal to d1+d2+d3, and the length of the fourth side 10122 of the second radiating portion 1012 can be less than or equal to d1+d2+d3. In a possible embodiment of the present application, λ0 / 4≤d1+d2+d3≤λ0 / 2, where λ0 is the wavelength of free space corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the antenna 100b, thereby ensuring that the antenna can operate within the required frequency band.

[0103] Continuing with Figures 2 and 3 , the antenna structure 1 also includes a feeder line 106 , which can be used to feed the radiator 101 . The feeder line 106 , also known as a transmission line, refers to the connection between the antenna's transceiver and the radiator. The feeder line 106 can directly transmit current waves or electromagnetic waves, depending on the frequency and form. This application does not specify the type of feeder line 106 ; examples include coaxial cables, waveguides, or microstrip lines, enabling direct or coupled feeding of the radiator 101 by the feeder line 106 .

[0104] Since both the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 are electrically connected to the conductive plate 2, in the present application, the feed line 106 can be electrically connected to one of the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012, and the feed line 106 can be selected based on the layout space between the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 and the conductive plate 2. For example, in the antenna shown in FIG3 , the area of ​​the portion of the second plate portion 202 used to form the above-mentioned cavity structure 3 is larger than the area of ​​the portion of the first plate portion 201 used to form the above-mentioned cavity structure 3. Therefore, the feed line 106 can pass through the portion of the second plate portion 202 used to form the above-mentioned cavity structure 3 to electrically connect to the second radiating portion 1012.

[0105] When the feed line 106 is electrically connected to the second radiating portion 1012, the second radiating portion 1012 may be provided with a feed point 10123, to which the feed line 106 may be electrically connected. The feed point 10123 may be spaced apart from the fourth side 10122. In the embodiment of the present application, the spacing between the feed point 10123 and the support of the fourth side 10122 is not limited. In addition, in the extension direction of the fourth side 10122, the feed point 10123 may be located at a position on the second radiating portion 1012 corresponding to the midpoint between the two ends of the fourth side 10122 to ensure the symmetry of the current and radiation pattern of the antenna structure 1, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna structure 1. However, in actual processing, due to limitations in process technology, the distance deviation between the feed point 10123 and the midpoint between the two ends of the fourth side 10122 in the extension direction of the fourth side 10122 may be ±1 mm.

[0106] The antenna 100b provided in an embodiment of the present application comprises a conductive plate 2 including a first plate portion 201 and a second plate portion 202 arranged at a predetermined angle, and the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012 of the radiator 101 are respectively connected to one plate portion of the conductive plate 2, thereby forming a radiation gap between the first radiating portion 1011 and the second radiating portion 1012. This allows the antenna 100b to achieve directional signal radiation while reducing the projected area of ​​the antenna 100b on the plane where the first radiating portion 1011 and the projected area of ​​the antenna 100b on the plane where the second radiating portion 1012 are located. When the antenna 100b is used in an electronic device, it can meet the requirements for side placement of the electronic device, thereby increasing the flexibility of the antenna 100b's placement in the electronic device and improving the ease of use of the electronic device.

[0107] From the above introduction to the principle of antenna positioning, it can be understood that the antenna 100b provided in the embodiment of the present application may include multiple antenna structures 1, so as to measure angles and distances through the phase difference of the signals from the object to be measured received by two adjacent antenna structures 1, thereby realizing the positioning function of the antenna 100b. In addition, it can be understood that in order to achieve spatial positioning, the antenna 100b may include at least three antenna structures 1. In specific implementation, reference may be made to Figure 4, which is a structural schematic diagram of the antenna 100b provided in the embodiment of the present application. The antenna 100b includes three antenna structures, two of which are arranged along a first direction X, and two antennas are arranged along a second direction Y, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y. For ease of explanation, in the embodiment of the present application, the three antenna structures of the antenna are respectively recorded as the first antenna structure 1a, the second antenna structure 1b and the third antenna structure 1c.

[0108] As can be seen from Figure 4, the second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure, the second radiating portion 1012b of the second antenna structure, and the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure can be located on the same side of the second plate portion 202. In one embodiment of the present application, the second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure, the second radiating portion 1012b of the second antenna structure, and the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure can also be arranged coplanar, thereby improving the antenna's ability to directionally radiate signals.

[0109] In one embodiment, the lengths, widths, and thicknesses of the corresponding radiating portions of the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b arranged in the first direction X are within 10% of each other. In one embodiment, the radiating portions of the first antenna structure 1a and / or the second antenna structure 1b may be provided with insulating holes or insulating slits. However, the length, width, and thickness of the radiating portions should be considered in the context of the entire radiating portion and are not affected by the shape or number of the insulating holes or insulating slits.

[0110] In one embodiment, the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b arranged in a first direction X are symmetrically arranged relative to a first symmetry plane P1, wherein the first symmetry plane P1 passes through the center point of the distance between the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b, and the first symmetry plane P1 is perpendicular to the first direction X. In practical applications, the first direction X may be horizontal, and the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b may be used to perform horizontal angle and distance measurement on an object to be measured.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, the two antenna structures are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetry plane. It should be understood that, relative to the preset symmetry plane, the outer contours of the radiating parts of the two antenna structures are roughly symmetrical and are not affected by the shape and number of the insulating holes or insulating gaps arranged within their contours.

[0112] In this embodiment of the present application, the center-to-center spacing L1 between the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b satisfies the following relationship: λ0 / 4 ≤ L1 ≤ λ0 / 2, thereby ensuring the horizontal angular measurement accuracy of the first and second antenna structures 1a, 1b. λ0 is the wavelength in free space corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of antenna 100b. Furthermore, the center-to-center spacing L1 between the first and second antenna structures 1a, 1b refers to the distance between the feeding points of the first and second antenna structures 1a, 1b.

[0113] Continuing with FIG. 4 , in one embodiment, the lengths, widths, and thicknesses of the corresponding radiating portions of the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c arranged along the second direction Y are within a 10% difference. In one embodiment, the radiating portions of the first antenna structure 1a and / or the third antenna structure 1c may be provided with insulating holes or insulating slits. However, the length, width, and thickness of the radiating portions should be considered in the context of the entire radiating portion and are not affected by the shape or number of the insulating holes or insulating slits.

[0114] The first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c, arranged along the second direction Y, are symmetrically arranged relative to a second symmetry plane P2, wherein the second symmetry plane P2 passes through the center point of the distance between the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c, and the second symmetry plane P2 is perpendicular to the second direction Y. In practical applications, the second direction Y can be a vertical direction, in which case the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c can be used to perform vertical angle and distance measurement on an object under test. In the embodiment of the present application, the center-to-center distance L2 between the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c satisfies the following condition: λ0 / 4 ≤ L2 ≤ λ0 / 2, thereby ensuring the vertical angle measurement accuracy of the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c. λ0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the antenna 100b. Furthermore, the center-to-center distance L2 between the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c refers to the distance between the feeding point of the first antenna structure 1a and the feeding point of the third antenna structure 1c.

[0115] It can be understood that since the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c are symmetrically arranged relative to the second symmetry plane P2, in the antenna 100b provided in the embodiment of the present application, the conductive plate 2 may include two first plate portions 201, and the two first plate portions 201 are symmetrically arranged relative to the second symmetry plane P2, then the first short-circuit arm 102a of the first antenna structure and the first short-circuit arm 102c of the third antenna structure can be electrically connected to one first plate portion 201 respectively.

[0116] Because the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c are relatively close, to ensure consistency in the directional patterns of the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b, antenna 100b shown in FIG4 also includes a conductive structure 1d. This conductive structure 1d is not provided with a feeder line, that is, it is not used for signal radiation. In the following embodiments of this application, this conductive structure 1d not connected to the feeder line may also be referred to as a dummy antenna structure 1d.

[0117] Continuing with Figure 4 , conductive structure 1d includes a first conductive portion 1013 and a second conductive portion 1014. First conductive portion 1013 is electrically connected to first plate portion 201 via third shorting arm 104, and second conductive portion 1014 is electrically connected to second plate portion 202 via fourth shorting arm 105. It is worth noting that the radiating portions of the three antenna structures of antenna 100b and the conductive portions of conductive structure 1d are all electrically connected to the same conductive plate 2.

[0118] In one embodiment, the length, width, and thickness of the first conductive portion 1013 of the conductive structure 1d and the first radiating portion 1011b of the second antenna structure are within a 10% difference. The length, width, and thickness of the first conductive portion 1013 of the conductive structure 1d and the first radiating portion 1011c of the third antenna structure are within a 10% difference. In one embodiment, the length, width, and thickness of the second conductive portion 1014 of the conductive structure 1d and the second radiating portion 1012b of the second antenna structure are within a 10% difference. The length, width, and thickness of the second conductive portion 1014 of the conductive structure 1d and the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure are within a 10% difference.

[0119] Similarly, insulating holes or insulating gaps may be provided on the first conductive part 1013 and / or the second conductive part 1014 of the conductive structure 1d, and the length, width, and thickness of the conductive part should be considered from the perspective of the conductive part as a whole and shall not be affected by the shape and number of the insulating holes or insulating gaps.

[0120] In one embodiment, the first conductive portion 1013 of the conductive structure 1d and the first radiating portion 1011b of the second antenna structure are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetry plane P2, and the first conductive portion 1013 of the conductive structure 1d and the first radiating portion 1011c of the third antenna structure are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry plane P1. In one embodiment, the second conductive portion 1014 of the conductive structure 1d and the second radiating portion 1012b of the second antenna structure are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetry plane P2, and the second conductive portion 1014 of the conductive structure 1d and the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry plane P1.

[0121] In the embodiments of the present application, the conductive part of the conductive structure and the radiating part of the antenna structure are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetry plane. It should be understood that, relative to the preset symmetry plane, the outer contours of the conductive part of the conductive structure and the radiating part of the antenna structure are roughly symmetrical and are not affected by the shape and number of the insulating holes or insulating gaps arranged within their contours.

[0122] In antenna 100b shown in FIG4 , by adopting the aforementioned symmetrical arrangement of the three antenna structures and the conductive structure 1d, the consistency of the directional patterns of the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b is ensured, thereby ensuring that the directional patterns of the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b have the same deflection pattern. This improves the accuracy of angle and distance measurement of antenna 100b in the first direction X, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of antenna 100b. Furthermore, the aforementioned symmetrical arrangement of the three antenna structures and the conductive structure 1d of antenna 100b also simplifies the computational complexity of the positioning algorithm for antenna 100b.

[0123] Based on the above description of antenna 100b shown in FIG4 , in one possible embodiment of the present application, antenna 100b may also include four identical antenna structures. In this case, it can be understood that the conductive structure 1d in FIG4 is also replaced with the antenna structure 1 shown in FIG2 . In this way, the four antenna structures can be arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner. Specifically, the four antenna structures include two groups of antenna structures symmetrically arranged relative to a first symmetry plane P1 and two groups of antenna structures symmetrically arranged relative to a second symmetry plane P2. The two groups of antenna structures symmetrically arranged relative to the first symmetry plane P1 perform angle and distance measurement in a first direction X, while the two groups of antenna structures symmetrically arranged relative to the second symmetry plane P2 perform angle and distance measurement in a second direction Y. This can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of antenna 100b with respect to the object to be measured.

[0124] As can be seen from the above description of the positioning principle of antenna 100b, the symmetrical arrangement of the various antenna structures of antenna 100b effectively ensures that the deflection patterns of the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b are consistent, thereby enabling antenna 100b to achieve higher accuracy in angle and distance measurement in the first direction X. With this in mind, reference is made to FIG5 , which is a schematic diagram of another structure of antenna 100b provided in an embodiment of the present application. Compared to antenna 100b shown in FIG4 , antenna 100b shown in FIG5 is not provided with conductive structure 1d. Furthermore, in FIG5 , first antenna structure 1a and second antenna structure 1b are symmetrically arranged relative to first symmetry plane P1, and first antenna structure 1a, second antenna structure 1b, and third antenna structure 1c are arranged in an isosceles triangle. The remaining structures of the first antenna structure 1a, second antenna structure 1b, and third antenna structure 1c can be arranged similarly to those in FIG4 and are not further described herein.

[0125] In antenna 100b shown in Figure 5 , the center-to-center spacing L1 between the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b satisfies the following relationship: λ0 / 4 ≤ L1 ≤ λ0 / 2, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the antenna's operating center frequency. Therefore, the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b can be used for angle and distance measurement in a first direction X. The first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c, or the second antenna structure 1b and the third antenna structure 1c, can be used for angle and distance measurement in a second direction Y.

[0126] Because the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b are equally affected by the third antenna structure 1c, the accuracy of the angle and distance measurement of the antenna 100b in the first direction X can be guaranteed. In addition, because the antenna structure of the antenna 100b shown in FIG5 only includes the first antenna structure 1a, the second antenna structure 1b, and the third antenna structure 1c, it facilitates the simplification of the structure of the antenna 100b.

[0127] In this application, the arrangement of the various antenna structures of the antenna 100b provided in this application is explained in some exemplary manner by taking the antenna 100b shown in Figures 4 and 5 as an example. However, the arrangement of the various antenna structures in the antenna 100b is not limited to this. As long as the deflection consistency of the directional patterns of the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b can be guaranteed, they should be understood to fall within the scope of protection of this application and are not listed one by one here.

[0128] The design principle of the antenna 100b provided in the present application is introduced above. In order to have a further understanding of the antenna 100b provided in the present application, the size and performance of the antenna 100b in actual application are illustrated below.

[0129] Referring to Figure 6 , a schematic diagram of a specific structure of an antenna 100b provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. The antenna 100b shown in Figure 6 is a configuration method for practical applications based on the design principles of the antenna 100b shown in Figure 4 . In other possible application scenarios, the antenna 100b may also be configured in other ways, all of which should be understood to fall within the scope of protection of this application and are not listed here.

[0130] Since printed circuit boards typically include a conductive layer and a dielectric layer, the antenna 100b provided in this application also primarily includes a conductive portion and a dielectric substrate. Based on this, the antenna 100b shown in FIG6 can be configured based on the structure of a printed circuit board. The conductive plate 2 of the antenna 100b, as well as the first antenna structure 1a, the second antenna structure 1b, the third antenna structure 1c, and the conductive structure 1d can all be obtained by etching or coating the conductive layer on the printed circuit board. The second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure, the second radiating portion 1012b of the second antenna structure, the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure, and the second conductive portion 1014 of the conductive structure 1d are disposed on the first side 401 of the dielectric layer of the printed circuit board, while the conductive plate 2 is disposed on the second side 402 of the dielectric layer. The first side 401 and the second side 402 are disposed opposite each other. Thus, the dielectric layer of the printed circuit board can serve as the dielectric substrate 4 of the antenna 100b.

[0131] To facilitate an introduction to the conductive portion of antenna 100b, reference is made to FIG7 , which illustrates only the conductive portion of antenna 100b shown in FIG6 . Because first antenna structure 1a, second antenna structure 1b, third antenna structure 1c, and conductive structure 1d are all electrically connected to the same conductive plate 2, as shown in FIG7 , second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure and second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure can be formed through the same etching or coating process, and second radiating portion 1012b of the second antenna structure and second conductive portion 1014 of conductive structure 1d can also be formed through the same etching or coating process.

[0132] Similarly, the second shorting arm 103a of the first antenna structure and the second shorting arm 103c of the third antenna structure can also be manufactured through the same process. As shown in FIG6 , a through hole can be provided between the second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure and the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure. In this case, the second shorting arm 103a of the first antenna structure and the second shorting arm 103c of the third antenna structure can be a conductive coating applied to the wall of the through hole 6 .

[0133] As shown in FIG7 , the first radiating portion 1011a of the first antenna structure and the first radiating portion 1011c of the third antenna structure can also be a conductive coating provided on the corresponding side surfaces of a printed circuit board, or a structure obtained by etching a conductive layer. The first shorting arm 102a of the first antenna structure and the first shorting arm 102c of the third antenna structure can be formed through the same etching or coating process as the conductive plate 2.

[0134] The second antenna structure 1 b and the conductive structure 1 d may be configured with reference to the first antenna structure 1 a and the third antenna structure 1 c , and are not described in detail herein.

[0135] Continuing with FIG. 7 , in the antenna 100b provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first antenna structure 1a, the second antenna structure 1b, the third antenna structure 1c, and the conductive structure 1d can be integrally formed with the conductive plate 2, which can be obtained through the same etching or coating process. Furthermore, the conductive plate 2 includes a continuously disposed reflective surface, and the projection of the first radiating portion of each antenna structure on the first plate portion 201 and the projection of the second radiating portion on the second plate portion 202 both fall within the contour of the continuously disposed reflective surface of the conductive plate 2, thereby enabling the conductive plate 2 to enhance the directional signal radiation performance of the antenna 100b.

[0136] In the embodiments of Figures 6 and 7 , in the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c arranged along the second direction Y, a connecting line may be provided between the second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure and the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure. In one embodiment, the second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure, the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure, and the connecting line therebetween may be integrally formed or fabricated through the same etching or coating process, thereby facilitating formation of the second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure and the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure having the same length or width. In one embodiment, the width of the connecting line between radiators of different antenna structures is less than or equal to 1 / 5 of the length of the radiating portion.

[0137] In the embodiments of Figures 6 and 7 , the conductive structure 1d can also be referred to as a dummy antenna structure 1d. A connecting line can also be provided between the dummy antenna structure 1d and the second antenna structure 1b. In one embodiment, the dummy antenna structure 1d is not provided with a feed point, and the second conductive portion 1014 is not provided with an insulating hole or insulating gap. It should be understood that in one embodiment, while the dummy antenna structure 1d is not provided with a feed point, an insulating hole or insulating gap can be provided in the second conductive portion 1014, thereby forming a conductive via similar to that in the radiator of the antenna structure, thereby increasing symmetry.

[0138] It's also worth noting that in the antenna 100b provided in the embodiment of the present application, the feed lines of each antenna structure are electrically connected to a feed source in a one-to-one correspondence, meaning that each antenna structure is electrically connected to a different feed source. However, the signals fed to each antenna structure by the corresponding feed source have the same frequency, enabling each antenna structure to radiate the same-frequency signal, thereby enabling the antenna to radiate signals within a specific operating frequency band.

[0139] The dimensions and radiation performance of antenna 100b shown in FIG6 are described using the operating frequency band of 7.737 GHz to 8.237 GHz (e.g., Chanel 9) as an example. The center frequency f0 of this operating frequency band is 8 GHz. Referring to FIG8 , which shows a view of antenna 100b shown in FIG6 taken along direction B, the center-to-center spacing between the second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure and the second radiating portion 1012b of the second antenna structure can be 18.75 mm, or λ0 / 2. Furthermore, the center-to-center spacing between the second radiating portion 1012a of the first antenna structure and the second radiating portion 1012c of the third antenna structure can be 18.75 mm, or 0.213λ0. In this case, the width W of antenna 100b along the second direction Y can be 8.5 mm, resulting in a relatively small dimension of antenna 100b in this second direction Y.

[0140] 9, which shows the S11 curves of the first antenna structure 1a, the second antenna structure 1b, and the third antenna structure 1c of the antenna 100b shown in FIG6. As can be seen from FIG9, the resonances generated by the three antenna structures are all used to cover 8 GHz.

[0141] Referring to Figure 10 , Figure 10 shows average efficiency curves within the operating frequency band of the first antenna structure 1a, the second antenna structure 1b, and the third antenna structure 1c of antenna 100b shown in Figure 6 . As can be seen from Figure 10 , the in-band average efficiency of all three antenna structures is greater than -2 dB, indicating that antenna 100b provided in this embodiment of the present application has high radiation efficiency.

[0142] Referring to FIG11 , FIG11 is a horizontal azimuth phase difference of arrival (PDOA) curve of the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b of the antenna shown in FIG6 , wherein PDOA is the phase difference between the transmitted signal arriving at different receiving ends, which can be used to infer the position of the transmitted signal. As can be seen from FIG11 , the horizontal azimuth PDOA curves of the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b have good monotonicity within the ±60° angle range, indicating that the first antenna structure 1a and the second antenna structure 1b can perform relatively accurate angle and distance measurement in the horizontal direction.

[0143] Furthermore, referring to Figure 12, Figure 12 illustrates the vertical azimuth PDOA curves for the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c of antenna 100b shown in Figure 6. As can be seen from Figure 12, the vertical azimuth PDOA curves for the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c exhibit good monotonicity within an angle range of ±60°, indicating that the first antenna structure 1a and the third antenna structure 1c enable relatively accurate vertical angle and distance measurement.

[0144] The above analysis of antenna 100b shown in FIG6 leads to the following conclusions: antenna 100b provided in this application is relatively small in size, operates stably within the operating frequency band, and has high radiation efficiency. Furthermore, antenna 100b has high angle and distance measurement accuracy, thereby enabling relatively precise positioning.

[0145] Based on the above introduction to the antenna 100b provided in the present application, due to the small size of the antenna 100b, it can be set on the side of the housing of the electronic device. Still taking the electronic device as a remote control as an example, refer to Figure 13, which is a structural schematic diagram of a remote control provided in an embodiment of the present application. During the use of the remote control, due to the special hand-held posture, its signal transceiver is usually set at the top of the remote control housing 200, so as to control the object to be measured by pointing the top of the remote control housing 200 towards the object to be measured. Based on this, in the remote control shown in Figure 13, the antenna 100b is set in the housing 200, and the antenna 100b can be set on the top side of the housing 200 of the remote control, wherein the top side is the inner side of the top of the housing 200. In addition, the second radiating portion of each antenna structure of the antenna 100b can be attached to the top side of the housing 200 or spaced apart from the top side of the housing 200, so that when the remote control is used for positioning, the use of the remote control can be more convenient, thereby improving the user experience.

[0146] In addition, referring to FIG14 , FIG14 is an exploded view of the remote control shown in FIG13 . The remote control further includes a mainboard 300 , which is provided with a processor (not shown in FIG14 ). The feed lines 106 of each antenna structure of the antenna 100 b can be electrically connected to the processor, so that the processor feeds each antenna structure via the feed lines 106 , thereby realizing the positioning function of the electronic device.

[0147] It's worth noting that the electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used not only as a remote control but also as other handheld electronic devices, such as mobile phones and car keys. Due to the particularity of the handheld posture during use, to ensure efficient reception and transmission of wireless signals, the antenna 100b can be positioned on a side surface of the electronic device with a smaller area along the thickness direction, such as on the side surface of the top of the electronic device. This allows for accurate positioning of the electronic device relative to the object being measured while also improving the convenience of the electronic device.

[0148] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: The antenna comprises a conductive plate and at least three antenna structures, wherein: The conductive plate comprises a first plate portion and a second plate portion, an edge of the first plate portion is connected to an edge of the second plate portion, a first angle is formed between the first plate portion and the second plate portion, and the angle of the first angle is less than 180°; Each of the antenna structures comprises a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion, the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are both located on a side of the conductive plate away from the first angle, the first radiating portion comprises a first side and a third side arranged opposite to each other, the first side is electrically connected to the first plate portion, and the third side is closer to the second radiating portion relative to the first side; the second radiating portion comprises a second side and a fourth side arranged opposite to each other, the second side is electrically connected to the second plate portion, and the fourth side is closer to the first radiating portion relative to the second side; the third side and the fourth side are arranged at intervals; At least three of the antenna structures include a first antenna structure, a second antenna structure and a third antenna structure, wherein the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure are arranged along a first direction, and the first antenna structure and the third antenna structure are arranged along a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are arranged at a set angle; the second radiating portion of each of the antenna structures is located on the same side of the second plate portion.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The second radiating portions of each of the antenna structures are arranged in the same plane.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The plane where the first radiating portion is located is perpendicular to the plane where the second radiating portion is located.

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The distance d1 between the third side and the fourth side satisfies: 0.02λ≤d1≤0.04λ, wherein λ is a medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that A width d2 of the first radiating portion from the first side to the third side and a width d3 of the second radiating portion from the second side to the fourth side satisfy: d2 / d3=0.8-1.

2.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The length of the third side is less than or equal to d1+d2+d3, and the length of the fourth side is less than or equal to d1+d2+d3, wherein, λ0 / 4≤d1+d2+d3≤λ0 / 2, wherein λ0 is the wavelength of free space corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Each of the antenna structures also includes a first short-circuit arm and a second short-circuit arm, the first radiating portion is spaced apart from the first plate portion, and the first side is electrically connected to the first plate portion through the first short-circuit arm; the second radiating portion is spaced apart from the second plate portion, and the second side is electrically connected to the second plate portion through the second short-circuit arm.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that Along an arrangement direction from the first radiation portion to the first plate portion, a width of the first short-circuit arm is less than or equal to a length of the third side.

9. The antenna according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: Along an arrangement direction from the second radiation portion to the second plate portion, a width of the second short-circuit arm is less than or equal to a length of the fourth side.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Each of the antenna structures further includes a feeding line, and the second radiating portion of each of the antenna structures is provided with a feeding point, and the feeding line is electrically connected to the corresponding feeding point.

11. The antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that The feeding line of each antenna structure is electrically connected to a feeding source in a one-to-one correspondence, and the frequencies of the signals fed into each antenna structure by the corresponding feeding source are the same.

12. The antenna according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: The feeding point is spaced apart from the fourth side, and in the extension direction of the fourth side, a distance deviation between the feeding point and a middle position of two ends of the fourth side is ±1 mm.

13. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure arranged along the first direction are symmetrically arranged relative to a first symmetry plane, the first symmetry plane passes through the center point of the distance between the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure, and the first symmetry plane is perpendicular to the first direction; The first antenna structure and the third antenna structure arranged along the second direction are symmetrically arranged relative to the second symmetry plane, the second symmetry plane passes through the center point of the distance between the first antenna structure and the third antenna structure, and the second symmetry plane is perpendicular to the second direction.

14. The antenna according to claim 13, characterized in that The antenna further includes a conductive structure, the conductive structure including a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion, the first conductive portion is electrically connected to the first board portion, the second conductive portion is electrically connected to the second board portion, and the second conductive portion and the second radiating portion of each antenna structure are located on the same side of the second board portion; The first conductive portion and the first radiating portion of the second antenna structure are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetric plane, and the first conductive portion and the first radiating portion of the third antenna structure are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetric plane; and the second conductive portion and the second radiating portion of the second antenna structure are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetric plane, and the second conductive portion and the second radiating portion of the third antenna structure are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetric plane.

15. The antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that The second conductive portion is disposed coplanarly with the second radiating portion of each of the antenna structures.

16. The antenna according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that: The center distance L2 between the first antenna structure and the third antenna structure arranged along the second direction satisfies: λ0 / 4≤L2≤λ0 / 2, wherein λ0 is the wavelength of free space corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna.

17. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The first antenna structure and the second antenna structure arranged along the first direction are symmetrically arranged relative to a first symmetry plane, the first symmetry plane passes through the center point of the distance between the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure, and the first symmetry plane is perpendicular to the first direction; The first antenna structure, the second antenna structure and the third antenna structure are arranged in an isosceles triangle.

18. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The antenna includes four antenna structures, and the four antenna structures are centrally symmetrically arranged.

19. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that: The center distance L1 between the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure arranged along the first direction satisfies: λ0 / 4≤L1≤λ0 / 2, where λ0 is the wavelength of free space corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna.

20. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that: The first plate portion and the second plate portion are arranged perpendicularly.

21. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that: The conductive plate includes a continuously arranged reflecting surface, and a projection of the first radiating portion of each antenna structure on the first plate portion and a projection of the second radiating portion of each antenna structure on the second plate portion both fall within a contour range of the reflecting surface.

22. An electronic device, characterized in that: It comprises a shell and the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the antenna is arranged in the shell.

23. The electronic device according to claim 22, characterized in that: The second radiating portion of each of the antenna structures is attached to the top side of the shell or is spaced apart from the top side of the shell.

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